wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
1929) (Not in FAA records) Originally owned by: Ford Motor Company; in England. Currently owned by: National Museum, Papua, New Guinea. Possible rebuild.
## Under restoration.
- C/N:38 tail number: "N7584" (4-AT-B, January 1928) Originally owned by: Robertson Aircraft, St Louis. Currently owned by: Kermit Weeks. It was badly damaged in Florida by hurricane Andrew, in the fall of 1992. Currently Located: Vicksburg, Michigan, USA.
- C/N:58 tail number: "N9642" (4-AT-E, January 1929) Originally owned by: Mohawk Airways, NY. Currently owned by: Maurice Hovius' Hov-aire, Inc. Possible rebuild. Sale reported. Currently Located: Vicksburg, Michigan, USA.
- C/N:62 tail number: "N8400" (4-AT-E, January | 6,129,900 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
1929) Originally owned by: Mohawk Airways, NY. Currently owned by: Maurice Hovius' Hov-aire, Inc. Possible rebuild. Currently Located: Vicksburg, Michigan, USA.
- C/N:65 tail number: "N8403" (4-AT-E, May 1929) (Not in FAA records) The "Ptarmigan II" Originally owned by: Mamer Flying Service. Currently owned by Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum. Possible restoration. As of February 10, 2005, currently Located at Golden Wings Museum near Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
- C/N:13 tail number: "N9667" (5-AT-B, 1929) The "AN-AAR" Originally owned by Southwest Air Fast Express (S.A.F.E.way). Currently owned by: Maurice Hovius' Hov-aire, Inc. This is a restoration project undertaken by the "Tin Goose Chapter", | 6,129,901 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
EAA 1247, in Port Clinton, Ohio, USA.
From 1954 onwards, efforts have been made to produce a modernized version of the Trimotor as the Stout Bushmaster 2000. Saddled with financial, management and marketing problems, only two examples were initially built with a third fuselage never completed.
# References.
## Bibliography.
- Andrade, John. "U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909". Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1979. .
- Head, Jeanine M. and William S. Pretzer. "Henry Ford: A Pictorial Biography". Dearborn, Michigan: Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village, 1990. No ISBN.
- Larkins, William T. "The Ford Tri-Motor, 1926–1992". Atglen, Pennsylvania: | 6,129,902 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
Schiffer Publishing, 1992. .
- March, Daniel L. "British Warplanes of World War II". London: Aerospace Publishing, 1998. .
- O'Callaghan, Timothy J. "The Aviation Legacy of Henry & Edsel Ford". Ann Arbor, Michigan: Proctor Publications, 2002. .
- O'Leary, Michael. "When Fords Ruled the Sky (Part Two)". "Air Classics", Volume 42, No. 5, May 2006.
- Winchester, Jim, ed. "Ford Trimotor". "Civil Aircraft" (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books plc, 2004. .
- Wynne, H. Hugh. "The Motion Picture Stunt Pilots and Hollywood's Classic Aviation Movies". Missoula, Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1987. .
# Further reading.
- Weiss, David A. "The Saga of the Tin Goose: The Story | 6,129,903 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
d A. "The Saga of the Tin Goose: The Story of the Ford Trimotor". Brooklyn, New York: Cumberland Enterprises, Incorporated, 1996. .
- Litwak, Jerry: 'Skinning a Tin Goose ... the hard way'. Pages 251 and 252 of 'Air International' magazine, May, 1978 describe the rebuilding of Scenic Airway's Tin Goose 5AT, owned by John Seibold, after it groundlooped in Nevada on February 6, 1977. Per the article, it was supposedly ready to fly again by late 1978.
# External links.
- Ford Trimotor "a tribute to the Ford Tri-Motor", and contains facts, pictures, bibliography and more.
- Detail photos—1929 Ford 4-AT-E Tri-Motor
- Hi-res spherical panoramas inside & out of EAA's 1929 Ford 4-AT-E Tri-Motor | 6,129,904 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
Bell Media
Bell Media Inc. (Canadian French: ) is the mass media subsidiary of BCE Inc. (also known as Bell Canada Enterprises, the parent company of the former telephone monopoly Bell Canada). Its operations include television broadcasting and production (including the CTV and CTV Two television networks), radio broadcasting (through Bell Media Radio), digital media (including CraveTV) and Internet properties including Sympatico.ca.
Bell Media is the successor-in-interest to Baton Broadcasting (later CTV Inc.), one of Canada's first private-sector television broadcasters. The company in its current form was originally established as Bell Globemedia by BCE and the Thomson family in 2001 combining | 6,129,905 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
CTV Inc., which Bell had acquired the previous year, and the operations of the Thomsons' "The Globe and Mail". Bell sold the majority of its interest in 2006 (at which point the company was renamed CTVglobemedia), but re-acquired the entire company, excluding the "Globe", in 2011.
# History.
## History before 2011.
### Baton Broadcasting.
For all practical purposes, Bell Media is the successor to Baton Broadcasting Inc. ( ), which by the late 1990s had become one of Canada's largest broadcasters.
Baton Aldred Rogers Broadcasting Ltd. was originally formed in 1960 to operate Toronto's first private TV station, CFTO-TV. The original investors included the "Ba"ssett and Ea"ton" families, Joel | 6,129,906 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
Aldred and Ted Rogers, and Foster Hewitt in a much smaller role. Aldred sold his shares in 1961, followed by Rogers by 1970; with the Bassett and Eaton families firmly in control, the company went public in the early 1970s. CFTO was one of the charter affiliates of CTV when that network formed in 1961, becoming the network's flagship. In 1966, Baton became a part-owner in the network when it was reorganized as a station-owned cooperative. The Board of Broadcast Governors was initially skeptical about the proposal to turn CTV into a cooperative. Since CFTO was by far the largest and richest station in the network, the BBG feared Baton would take advantage of this to dominate the network. However, | 6,129,907 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
it approved the deal after Baton and the other owners included a provision in the cooperative's bylaws stipulating that the eight station owners would each have a single vote regardless of audience share. Additionally, if one owner ever bought another station, the acquired station's shares would be redistributed among the remaining owners so that each owner would still have one vote out of eight.
In 1972, Baton began purchasing other CTV affiliates, starting with CFQC-TV in Saskatoon. This did not, however, give Baton a substantially higher investment in CTV, since its shares were redistributed among the other owners. As a result, Baton still had only one vote out of eight.
In 1987, Baton | 6,129,908 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
began a concerted effort to take over CTV. It started this drive with a further expansion into Saskatchewan, purchasing CKCK-TV in Regina, Yorkton twinstick CKOS-TV/CICC-TV, and CBC affiliate CKBI-TV Prince Albert. A twinstick CTV affiliate was soon launched in Prince Albert, CIPA-TV.
In the late 1980s, Baton applied for a high-power station in Ottawa on channel 60. The licence was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), appealed to federal cabinet by rival broadcasters, and ultimately sent back to the CRTC for review. However the licence was surrendered when Baton was instead able to acquire the local CTV affiliate, CJOH-TV, from Allan Slaight's | 6,129,909 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
Standard Broadcasting.
In 1990, Baton purchased the MCTV system of twinstick operations in Pembroke, North Bay, Sudbury, Timmins, and the Huron Broadcasting twinstick in Sault Ste. Marie. In 1993, Baton purchased CFPL-TV in London, CKNX-TV in Wingham and received a licence for a new independent station, CHWI-TV, in Windsor.
In 1991, the company launched Ontario Network Television, a secondary affiliation carried by Baton's CTV and independent stations in Ontario. This was expanded in 1994 into the Baton Broadcast System, or BBS, which included Baton's Saskatchewan stations. BBS was meant as a backup in case Baton's ongoing acquisitions did not translate into control of CTV itself. A year earlier, | 6,129,910 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
CTV had been recently restructured into a corporation, with each owner holding a 14.3 percent stake in the network. However, any "future" acquisitions by Baton would come with all of that affiliate's CTV shares. It was around this time that former CBC executive Ivan Fecan joined the company.
### Baton-Electrohome alliance.
In 1996, the CRTC approved two major deals involving Baton. First was the acquisition of CFCN-TV in Calgary from Rogers Communications, which had recently purchased Maclean Hunter. Second, Baton and Electrohome, owner of CKCO-TV in Kitchener and CFRN-TV in Edmonton, formed an alliance, under which the companies would share ownership of CFCN, Baton's stations in Saskatchewan | 6,129,911 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
and its independent stations in southwestern Ontario, and Electrohome's CKCO. The deals doubled Baton's own interest in CTV to 28.6%. However, as part of the deal, Baton took control of Electrohome's CTV vote, allowing it to command 42.9% of CTV's shares.
In January 1997, Baton-Electrohome's "Vancouver Television" proposal emerged as the CRTC's choice for the new independent station in Vancouver, beating out four other competitors. The new station, CIVT-TV, would compete directly with Western International Communications's two CTV affiliates in the market when it was launched that fall.
On February 25, 1997, the Baton-Electrohome alliance and CHUM Limited announced that several stations would | 6,129,912 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
be swapped between them. Baton-Electrohome would acquire CHUM's Atlantic Television System (ATV), consisting of four CTV affiliates in the Maritimes, the Atlantic Satellite Network (ASN), and a further 14.3% in CTV. CHUM would receive Baton's independent stations in southwestern Ontario, as well as CHRO-TV in Pembroke, which had recently disaffiliated from CTV. The Baton-Electrohome alliance now held 57.2% of CTV.
Shortly thereafter, Electrohome announced it would sell its broadcasting assets – including CFRN its interest in the alliance and its CTV shares – to Baton in exchange for cash and shares in Baton. These two deals were approved by the CRTC in August. Baton now held controlling interest | 6,129,913 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
in CTV, triggering a put option that allowed the other owners to sell their stakes in the network while still keeping their stations. Accordingly, Baton acquired the remaining CTV shares from WIC and Moffat Communications, which remained affiliates for the moment, that fall.
The BBS television system was merged into CTV, with the company itself being renamed CTV Inc. the following year. The Eatons' remaining shares, representing 41% of Baton, were sold off to the general public in early 1998. By the end of 2001, nearly all CTV stations were consolidated under network ownership (including one replacement).
### NetStar Communications.
NetStar Communications Inc. (previously Labatt Communications | 6,129,914 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
Inc., and currently CTV Specialty Television Inc.) was formed by Labatt Brewing Company to hold that firm's broadcasting assets, which included TSN, RDS, Viewers Choice and Discovery Channel. In 1995, when the parent company was sold to the foreign brewing conglomerate Interbrew, a consortium of four Canadian investors - Stephen Bronfman (22.5%), the Caisse (22.5%), Reitmans (16.5%), and senior management (6.5%) - along with ESPN, with 32%, took over the company.
After a takeover attempt by CanWest Global that was vetoed by ESPN, CTV announced a friendly bid to take over NetStar Communications in early 1999, with CRTC approval on March 24, 2000.
#### Bell Globemedia (2000-2006).
At the beginning | 6,129,915 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
of the 2000s, CTV (including the NetStar assets) was folded into a new media venture, Bell Globemedia Inc. (abbreviated "BGM"). This was masterminded by former Bell Canada chief executive Jean Monty, largely as a response to Canwest's purchase of the Southam newspaper chain as well as the trend of media convergence, particularly the AOL-Time Warner merger. Monty believed that, to survive in a changing technological landscape, and in particular to drive subscriptions to satellite television provider Bell ExpressVu and internet service provider Bell Sympatico, BCE had to have control over content.
The transaction was structured as follows: In 2000, BCE acquired CTV Inc. in an all-cash transaction | 6,129,916 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
valued at $2.3 billion (CAD). Soon after, Monty arranged to have Thomson Corporation transfer control of "The Globe and Mail", the Toronto-based national newspaper, to BCE in exchange for a significant (20%) interest in the merged CTV/"Globe" entity. The Thomsons' family holding company, The Woodbridge Company Ltd., invested in the company directly to obtain an additional 9.9% interest, and later bought Thomson Corp.'s interests itself.
The resulting company, Bell Globemedia, consisted of CTV, "The Globe and Mail", and the internet portal then known as Sympatico-Lycos (Lycos was later replaced by MSN). Fecan was named the combined firm's president and CEO, a role he remained in for the duration | 6,129,917 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
of the BGM / CTVgm era. After Monty resigned and was replaced by Michael Sabia in 2002, it became clear that Monty's vision was not producing anything near the desired results, notwithstanding the good results for the individual units, particularly the CTV network.
The following years provided a few cosmetic changes in BGM's assets. In 2001, CTV acquired CKY-TV in Winnipeg and CFCF-TV in Montreal, and moved the CTV affiliation in British Columbia to CIVT, replacing two affiliates that had been purchased by Canwest. That fall also brought the launch of the first digital specialty channels, including several owned by CTV.
The company acquired partial ownership in TQS in 2002, the Sympatico portal | 6,129,918 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
was sold back to Bell Canada, while a further investment from the Thomsons (whose ownership increased to 31.5%) funded the acquisition of 15% of Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment. However, beginning in 2003, BCE management began to refer to BGM as a non-core asset; as a result, much attention was given to the likely sale of the company, and potentially a breakup into several different pieces.
### Reorganization and CHUM Limited merger (2006-2011).
On December 2, 2005, Bell Canada Enterprises (BCE) announced it would sell an 8.5% interest to Woodbridge (increasing their total ownership to 40%), a 20% interest to Torstar, and a 20% interest to the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan. BCE retained | 6,129,919 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
20% of the group - a condition that ensured that Bell TV, Sympatico, and other Bell units continued to have access to Globemedia content. The transaction closed on August 30, 2006.
This deal put to rest any rumours about a possible breakup of the company. However, Torstar's involvement led to additional media concentration concerns, mainly from media unions. Torstar insisted it was committed to maintaining the editorial independence of the "Globe" and its own "Toronto Star", and ultimately there were no major regulatory hurdles due to this.
On July 12, 2006, BGM announced a friendly bid to take over CHUM Limited for an estimated $1.7 billion. The acquisition would bring the secondary broadcast | 6,129,920 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
system (Citytv), other stations including CablePulse24, MuchMusic, Star!, Bravo!, and Space, and all of CHUM's radio stations, into the BGM fold. BGM originally announced that CHUM's A-Channel stations, Access, CKX-TV, MusiquePlus, MusiMax, Canadian Learning Television, and BGM's own OLN would not be retained.
On September 7, 2006, in order to pay for the CHUM acquisition, BGM sold additional shares to its existing shareholders. BCE did not participate in the refinancing; the net effect was an increase in Teachers' ownership to 25%, while BCE's interest was reduced to 15%. As a result of BCE's reduced ownership, the company was renamed as CTVglobemedia as of January 1, 2007.
In April 2007, | 6,129,921 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
Rogers Communications announced a tentative deal to purchase A-Channel, CKX-TV, Access Alberta, Canadian Learning Television, and SexTV: The Channel from CTVglobemedia, if its purchase of CHUM was approved. Astral Media made a similar deal for CHUM's 50% interest in MusiMax and MusiquePlus.
That June, the CRTC approved the CHUM takeover, on condition that CTV sell off the Citytv stations, because of the CTV network's O&O stations serving the very same cities. CTV ultimately chose to keep the A-Channel stations along with the rest of CHUM assets it had previously said it would sell, except for MusiquePlus/MusiMax. Rogers Communications was announced as the buyer of the Citytv stations on June | 6,129,922 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
11, 2007, and the CHUM acquisition was finalized on June 22.
Since then, CTVglobemedia has sold off its interests in various non-core channels. Rogers has purchased several of these assets, including CTV's 33% interest in OLN in late 2007, as well as radio stations CHST-FM in London, Ontario and CHBN-FM in Edmonton, Alberta in 2010. Corus Entertainment would acquire Canadian Learning Television, , and Drive-In Classics for a combined $113 million. TQS entered bankruptcy protection and was ultimately acquired by Remstar (which renamed the network "V"). Meanwhile, Glassbox Television acquired travel + escape in late 2010. In two cases where operations were closed down, specifically CBC affiliate | 6,129,923 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
CKX-TV in Brandon, Manitoba, which left the air in October 2009 after a deal to sell that station to Bluepoint Investment Corporation fell through and the A station in Wingham, CKNX-TV which left the air one month prior to CKX and is now a rebroadcaster of the A station in London, CFPL-TV.
CTVglobemedia acquired Toronto station CFXJ-FM from Milestone Radio in 2010.
On September 10, 2010, BCE announced plans to re-acquire 100% of the company's broadcasting arm, including CTV Inc. Under the deal, Woodbridge, Torstar, and Teachers' would together receive $1.3 billion in either cash or equity in BCE, while BCE would also assume $1.7 billion in debt (BCE's existing equity interest is $200 million, | 6,129,924 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
for a total transaction value of $3.2 billion). Woodbridge would also regain majority control of the Globe and Mail Inc., with Bell retaining a 15% interest. The overall deal was expected to close by April 2011. However, the sale of the "Globe", which did not require CRTC approval, was completed in late December 2010. The deal was approved by the CRTC on March 7, 2011, and officially closed on April 1, 2011.
## Expansion.
On December 9, 2011, the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan announced the sale of its majority stake in Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment to BCE and its rival, Rogers Communications, in a deal valued at around $1.32 billion. Additionally, Larry Tanenbaum increased his stake in | 6,129,925 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
the company to 25%. and was closed in August 2012.
On March 16, 2012, BCE announced that it had entered in an agreement to acquire Montreal-based broadcaster Astral Media for an estimated value at $3.38 billion; the assets of which were to be incorporated into Bell Media. The acquisition was primarily centered on Astral's premium services (such as The Movie Network and its stake in HBO Canada) and its French-language radio and television stations. Bell planned to use Astral's premium offerings to enhance its own multi-platform services to compete against the likes of services such as Netflix, and its French media outlets to better compete against the dominant Québecor Média. The merger was | 6,129,926 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
notably opposed by a coalition of competing cable providers (which included Cogeco, EastLink, and Vidéotronthe last of which is also owned by Québecor Média, who felt that Bell's control of a majority of Canadian media would harm consumer choice, and lead to increased carriage fees which could cripple smaller cable companies.
BCE's first proposal was denied by the CRTC in October 2012; the commission believed that the combined company would have had too much market power. Soon afterward, Bell and Astral began to negotiate a second proposal that would involve selling most of Astral's English-language television channels in order to quell fears by the CRTC. On March 18, 2013, the Competition | 6,129,927 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
Bureau cleared the revised proposal. Unlike the previous deal, which would have given Bell a 42% share of the English-language television market, the new deal would only give Bell a total market share of 35.7%, but still increase its French-language market share to 23% (in comparison to 8% before). Following hearings by the CRTC in May 2013, the CRTC approved Bell's acquisition of Astral Media on June 27, 2013. The deal is subject to conditions, including the requirement to provide fair treatment to its competitors, to not impose "restrictive bundling practices" on Astral's premium movie channels, invest $246.9 million over the next seven years on Canadian-produced programming, and to maintain | 6,129,928 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
the operation and local programming levels of all of its television stations through 2017. The CRTC also approved Bell's proposed exemptions for maintaining ownership of Montreal's CKGM. Bell put Family, Disney XD, the two Disney Junior services, MusiMax, soon-to-be-defunct MusiquePlus, and five radio stations up for sale, while Corus Entertainment acquired Historia & Séries+ GP and TELETOON Canada Inc. from Astral and competitor Shaw Media.
On June 6, 2013, Bell announced that Bravo would be its first network to implement a TV Everywhere service, which would allow subscribers to Bravo on participating television service providers to stream video on demand content and the Bravo channel live | 6,129,929 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
via the Bravo Go app. Apps for some of its other networks were also released over the following months.
## Layoffs, new partnerships.
In December 2014, Bell Media launched CraveTV, a subscription video on-demand service. Initially, the service was available only through television providers; Bell Media president Kevin Crull argued that Bell did not want the service to cannibalize its linear television business, because its content "[would not] exist if you didn't have the traditional TV system. So you really can't sustainably have one without the other."
On April 9, 2015, Crull stepped down as president of Bell Media, and was replaced by Mary Ann Turcke, the subsidiary's former head of media | 6,129,930 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
sales. The move came following allegations reported by "The Globe and Mail" that, after the CRTC's March 2015 decision to mandate that pay television providers offer a la carte packages, Crull ordered all Bell-owned news properties, including CTV News, not to air any interviews with or footage depicting CRTC head Jean-Pierre Blais during reports regarding the decision. Although the CTV News Channel program "Power Play" and a report aired on local evening newscasts complied with Crull's order, the "CTV National News" that night defied Crull's demand by airing a story on the changes that included remarks by Blais. CTV News president Wendy Freeman, Ottawa bureau chief Robert Fife, and the program's | 6,129,931 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
anchor Lisa LaFlamme felt that the inclusion of remarks by Blais were necessary due to the nature of the story. In response to the dismissal, BCE CEO George A. Cope explained that the journalistic independence of its news operations were "paramount importance to our company and to all Canadians".
Shortly after taking the position, Turcke was criticized for remarks that considered the use of virtual private network services to evade geo-blocking and access the U.S. version of subscription video on demand service Netflix to be "stealing".
In late-August 2015, Bell Media began a series of layoffs, which included directors and vice presidents. On November 6, 2015, additional layoffs of 380 jobs | 6,129,932 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
from production, editorial, sales, and administrative roles in Toronto and Montreal were revealed. On November 17, 2015, further cuts were made, which included high-profile on-air talent from radio and television properties in Ottawa, Toronto, and Vancouver.
On November 20, 2015, Corus announced that it would wind down the operation of Movie Central, a premium television service that had been granted exclusivity in Western Canada, and cede its regional monopoly to Bell Media's The Movie Network, which was similarly restricted to Eastern Canada, allowing it to become available nationwide in 2016. Bell Media subsequently announced that it had acquired exclusive Canadian rights to all current | 6,129,933 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
HBO programming in Canada (rights previously shared with Corus due to its joint venture HBO Canada).
On January 6, 2016, iHeartMedia announced that it had partnered with Bell Media to launch a localized version of its online radio service iHeartRadio in Canada. On January 14, 2016, CraveTV became available as a standalone service without requiring an existing television subscription.
On May 4, 2016, Bell acquired rights to the programming and branding of Canadian specialty channel Gusto TV. The channel was shut down, and re-launched on September 1, 2016, replacing M3 under its existing Category A license.
On January 31, 2017, Bell Media announced that it planned to perform another round of | 6,129,934 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
layoffs in 24 locations, citing various developments across Canada's broadcasting industry, as well as the impact of recent regulatory decisions (such as one that prevents the federal simsub rules from being used on the Super Bowl, whose Canadian broadcast rights are currently owned by Bell Media).
## Randy Lennox era.
On February 27, 2017, Turcke left Bell to join the National Football League as president of NFL Media. She was succeeded as president by Randy Lennox. That month, Bell also announced that it had partnered with record executive Scott Borchetta to develop a new, international television format that would "uncover, develop, and promote pop culture's next musical superstars", and | 6,129,935 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
"leverage Bell Media's massive reach and extensive platforms to showcase musicians on the national and international stage." CTV officially announced the new series, "The Launch", in April 2017.
On June 7, 2017, Wow Unlimited Media announced that it would acquire a specialty channel from the company (later revealed to be Comedy Gold) to form a new network targeting children and young adults, and provide children's television content for Bell's over-the-top ventures. As part of the purchase, BCE will take 3.4 million common voting shares in the company.
On August 9, 2017, Bell announced that it would acquire Larche Communications' four Ontario radio stations, pending CRTC approval.
On October | 6,129,936 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
17, 2017, Bell Media announced its intent to acquire Historia and Séries+—two French-language networks whose Astral-owned stakes were divested during its acquisition by Bell—from Corus Entertainment for $200 million. On May 28, 2018, both transactions were blocked by the Competition Bureau, citing a condition on the Bell/Astral deal which forbade Bell from re-acquiring properties divested in the sale for 10 years after its completion.
On January 23, 2018, Bell Media announced that it had reached licensing agreements with Starz Inc. and Lionsgate, and that TMN Encore would be rebranded under the Starz brand in 2019, featuring its programming. The following month, Bell launched SnackableTV, a | 6,129,937 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
streaming video app with short-form content from Bell Media properties and other sources.
In April 2018, Bell Media acquired a controlling stake in the Pinewood Toronto Studios complex. In May 2018, Bell Media announced that it, along with several other parties, would contribute French-language content to Radio-Canada's subscription streaming service Ici Tou.tv Extra.
In May 2018, Bell Media laid off 17 employees, resulting in the cancellation of Discovery's "Daily Planet" and Space's "Innerspace".
On June 7, 2018, during the CTV upfronts, it was announced that four Bell Media specialty channels would re-brand in 2019, with Bravo, Comedy Network, Gusto, and Space respectively becoming CTV | 6,129,938 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
Drama, CTV Comedy, CTV Life, and CTV Sci-Fi. Two new ad-supported video-on-demand platforms were also announced: CTV Movies and CTV Vault. These rebrandings and launches will be incorporated into a larger, unified digital platform containing content from all six services. Later that day, it was also announced that Bell Media was one of two Canadian companies that had acquired a stake in the Montreal-based comedy festival Just for Laughs.
On August 16, 2018, Vice Media announced a long-term output deal with Bell Media, which will see its networks and properties hold rights to Viceland programming in Canada.
# Operations.
Bell Media's largest division is Bell Media Television, which owns the | 6,129,939 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
following broadcast television assets:
- CTV, Canada's oldest, largest, and most-watched private broadcast television network, including 21 owned and operated stations.
- CTV Two a secondary television system which presently consists of four terrestrial television stations in Ontario, three in British Columbia as well as two cable-only channels, one in Alberta and the other in Atlantic Canada
Bell Media Television also owns 40 cable television specialty channels, frequently in partnership with U.S. companies which operate similar channels, and primarily concentrated in the following genres:
Through its Bell Media Radio division, the company is also Canada's largest private-sector radio broadcaster | 6,129,940 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
and operates a localized version of iHeartMedia's iHeartRadio platform in Canada, even owning the radio syndication company Orbyt Media, which supplies its American programming from iHeartMedia's Premiere Networks division.
In addition, Bell Media also owns television & radio production studios and websites associated with all of the above properties, as well as the TheLoop.ca (formerly Sympatico.ca) Internet portal previously operated through Bell Canada.
Bell Media has 3 locations:
- Toronto: 299 Queen Street West, 9 Channel Nine Court
- Montreal: 1800 McGill College (Tour Bell Média), 1205 Papineau (Bell Media Building - formerly the Montréal Téléport)
- Vancouver: (969 Robson Street)
# | 6,129,941 |
441508 | Bell Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell%20Media | Bell Media
l Media also owns television & radio production studios and websites associated with all of the above properties, as well as the TheLoop.ca (formerly Sympatico.ca) Internet portal previously operated through Bell Canada.
Bell Media has 3 locations:
- Toronto: 299 Queen Street West, 9 Channel Nine Court
- Montreal: 1800 McGill College (Tour Bell Média), 1205 Papineau (Bell Media Building - formerly the Montréal Téléport)
- Vancouver: (969 Robson Street)
# See also.
- Bell Canada
- Media ownership in Canada
- Canada's Olympic Broadcast Media Consortium
- Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan
- Torstar Corporation
# External links.
- History of Bell Media—Canadian Communications Foundation | 6,129,942 |
536383 | Rolled homogeneous armour | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolled%20homogeneous%20armour | Rolled homogeneous armour
Rolled homogeneous armour
Rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) is a type of armour made of a single steel composition hot-rolled to improve its material characteristics, as opposed to layered or cemented armour. Its first common application was in tanks. After World War II, it began to fall out of use on main battle tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles intended to see front-line combat as new anti-tank weapon technologies were developed which were capable of relatively easily penetrating rolled homogeneous armour plating even of significant thickness.
Today, the term is primarily used as a unit of measurement of the protection offered by armor on a vehicle (often composed of materials that | 6,129,943 |
536383 | Rolled homogeneous armour | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolled%20homogeneous%20armour | Rolled homogeneous armour
may not actually contain steel, or even contain any metals) in equivalent "millimeters of RHA", referring to the thickness of RHA that would provide the same protection. Typically, modern composite armour can provide the same amount of protection with much thinner and lighter construction than its protective equivalence in RHA. Likewise, the term is also used as a unit of measurement of penetration capability of armour-piercing weaponry, in terms of the "millimeters of RHA" that the weapon system can reliably penetrate.
# Composition.
Armoured steel must be hard, yet resistant to shock, in order to resist high velocity metal projectiles. Steel with these characteristics is produced by processing | 6,129,944 |
536383 | Rolled homogeneous armour | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolled%20homogeneous%20armour | Rolled homogeneous armour
cast steel billets of appropriate size and then rolling them into plates of required thickness. Hot rolling homogenizes the grain structure of the steel, changing the atom structure to increase density of the already dense material. Rolling also elongates the grain structure in the steel to form long lines, which spreads stress loaded onto the steel throughout the metal, avoiding a concentration of stress in one area.
RHA is homogenous because its structure and composition is uniform throughout its thickness. The opposite of homogeneous steel plate is cemented or face-hardened steel plate, where the face of the steel is composed differently from the substrate. The face of the steel, which starts | 6,129,945 |
536383 | Rolled homogeneous armour | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolled%20homogeneous%20armour | Rolled homogeneous armour
as an RHA plate, is hardened by a heat-treatment process.
# History.
From the invention of tanks through to the Second World War, tank armour increased in thickness to resist the increasing size and power of anti-tank guns. A tank with sufficient armour could resist the largest anti-tank guns then in use.
RHA was commonly used during this period (combined with other plate alloys and cast steel armour), and the power of an anti-tank gun was measured by the thickness of RHA it would penetrate. This standard test has remained in use despite the modern usage of many other types of armor, some of which do not include steel or even any metals.
RHA was in common use as primary armour until after | 6,129,946 |
536383 | Rolled homogeneous armour | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolled%20homogeneous%20armour | Rolled homogeneous armour
World War II, during which a new generation of anti-tank rounds using shaped charges instead of heavy high-velocity projectiles came into use.
# Current use.
Since World War II, because of a reduction in effectiveness against new weapons (mainly shaped charges and improved kinetic energy penetrators), RHA has largely been superseded by composite armour, which incorporates air spaces and materials such as ceramics or plastics in addition to steel, and explosive reactive armour.
For the testing and calibration of anti-tank guns, the term RHAe (Rolled Homogeneous Armour equivalency) is used when giving an estimate of either the penetrative capability of a projectile or the protective capability | 6,129,947 |
536383 | Rolled homogeneous armour | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolled%20homogeneous%20armour | Rolled homogeneous armour
of a type of armor which may or may not be steel. Because of variations in armor shape, quality, material, and case-by-case performance, the usefulness of RHAe in comparing different armor is only approximate.
Currently, most armored vehicles have their basic structure formed from RHA to lend general strength and toughness.
# Specifications.
For current United States Army use, RHA is produced to military standard MIL-DTL-12560 by several manufacturers. Another standard is MIL-DTL-46177; however, this standard has been inactivated, and all new designs should use MIL-DTL-12560. MIL-DTL-46177 RHA is similar to SAE 4340 steel alloy.
# See also.
- Sloped armour
- Vehicle armour
- Slat armour
# | 6,129,948 |
536383 | Rolled homogeneous armour | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolled%20homogeneous%20armour | Rolled homogeneous armour
rmor is only approximate.
Currently, most armored vehicles have their basic structure formed from RHA to lend general strength and toughness.
# Specifications.
For current United States Army use, RHA is produced to military standard MIL-DTL-12560 by several manufacturers. Another standard is MIL-DTL-46177; however, this standard has been inactivated, and all new designs should use MIL-DTL-12560. MIL-DTL-46177 RHA is similar to SAE 4340 steel alloy.
# See also.
- Sloped armour
- Vehicle armour
- Slat armour
# External links.
- Bibliography of Tank Armor
- Internet Archive Wayback Machine link change on May 10, 2009. Contains alloy compositions of military specification armor steels. | 6,129,949 |
536385 | Winnipeg Free Press | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg%20Free%20Press | Winnipeg Free Press
Winnipeg Free Press
The Winnipeg Free Press is a daily (excluding Sunday) broadsheet newspaper in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It provides coverage of local, provincial, national, international, sports, business, and entertainment news. Various consumer-oriented features such as homes and automobiles appear on a weekly basis. The newspaper's main competition is the "Winnipeg Sun", a print daily tabloid.
Founded in 1872 as the Manitoba Free Press, it is the oldest newspaper in western Canada. It has the largest readership of any newspaper in the province and is regarded as the newspaper of record for Winnipeg and Manitoba. The newspaper's existence began only two years after Manitoba's joining of Confederation | 6,129,950 |
536385 | Winnipeg Free Press | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg%20Free%20Press | Winnipeg Free Press
in 1870, and predated Winnipeg's incorporation in 1873.
# History.
November 30, 1872: The "Manitoba Free Press" was launched by William Fisher Luxton and John A. Kenny. Luxton bought a press in New York and he and Kenny rented a shack at 555 Main st, near the present corner of Main Street and James Avenue.
1874: The Free Press moved to a new building on Main Street, across from St. Mary Avenue In 1882, control of the "Free Press" passed to Clifford Sifton,
1882: Control of the Free Press was passed to Clifford Sifton, and the paper moved to a building on McDermot Avenue. The organization remained there until 1900, when it moved to a new address on McDermot, at Albert Street.
1901: John | 6,129,951 |
536385 | Winnipeg Free Press | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg%20Free%20Press | Winnipeg Free Press
Wesley Dafoe served as editorial writer, editor-in-chief and president until 1944.
1905: The newspaper moved to a four-storey building at Portage and Garry.
1913: The newspaper moved to 300 Carlton Street and remained there for 78 years.
1920: The Free Press took their newsprint supplier before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council for violating the World War I War Measures Act. In "Fort Frances Pulp and Paper v. Manitoba Free Press", the newspaper won because the court determined that whether the state of national emergency continued after the war was a political matter for Parliament.
1931: The Manitoba Free Press was renamed "Winnipeg Free Press".
1991: The Free Press moved to | 6,129,952 |
536385 | Winnipeg Free Press | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg%20Free%20Press | Winnipeg Free Press
its current location in the Inkster Industrial Park, a $150 million plant at 1355 Mountain Avenue..
2001: In December, the Free Press and its sister paper, Brandon Sun, was bought from Thomson Newspapers by FP Canadian Newspapers Limited Partnership.
# Strike.
At noon on Monday, October 13 (Thanksgiving Day) of 2008, about 1,000 members of the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union, which represents editorial, advertising, circulation and press staff, as well as newspaper carriers, launched a strike action. The strike ended 16 days later, when the union ratified the final offer on Tuesday, October 28. The contract was ratified by 67 per cent of newspaper carriers, 75 per cent of the | 6,129,953 |
536385 | Winnipeg Free Press | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg%20Free%20Press | Winnipeg Free Press
pressmen and 91 per cent of the inside workers, including journalists. The recent five-year contract was negotiated, ratified, and signed in 2013, with no threat of a strike. Workers and managers negotiated directly with great success, without the need of a lawyer as previous contracts required.
# Circulation.
As of November 1, 2009, the paper ceased publishing a regular Sunday edition. In its place, a Sunday-only tabloid called "On 7" was launched, but it is now discontinued. On March 27, 2011, the Sunday newspaper was retooled as a broadsheet format called "Winnipeg Free Press SundayXtra", due to the impending arrival of Metro in the Winnipeg market. The Sunday edition is now only available | 6,129,954 |
536385 | Winnipeg Free Press | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg%20Free%20Press | Winnipeg Free Press
online.
According to Canadian Newspaper Association figures, the newspaper's average weekday circulation for 2013 was 108,583, while on Saturdays it was 144,278. Because of the relatively small population of Manitoba, this means that over ten percent of the population will look at the paper and the ads.
The "Winnipeg Free Press" has seen like most Canadian daily newspapers a decline in circulation. Its total circulation dropped by percent to 106,473 copies daily from 2009 to 2015.
# See also.
- List of newspapers in Canada
# Further reading.
- Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. "The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers" (1980) pp 361–65
# External links.
- "Winnipeg | 6,129,955 |
536385 | Winnipeg Free Press | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg%20Free%20Press | Winnipeg Free Press
to Canadian Newspaper Association figures, the newspaper's average weekday circulation for 2013 was 108,583, while on Saturdays it was 144,278. Because of the relatively small population of Manitoba, this means that over ten percent of the population will look at the paper and the ads.
The "Winnipeg Free Press" has seen like most Canadian daily newspapers a decline in circulation. Its total circulation dropped by percent to 106,473 copies daily from 2009 to 2015.
# See also.
- List of newspapers in Canada
# Further reading.
- Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. "The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers" (1980) pp 361–65
# External links.
- "Winnipeg Free Press" site | 6,129,956 |
536396 | Pike County | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pike%20County | Pike County
Pike County
Pike County is the name of ten counties in the United States:
- Pike County, Alabama
- Pike County, Arkansas
- Pike County, Georgia
- Pike County, Illinois
- Pike County, Indiana
- Pike County, Kentucky
- Pike County, Mississippi
- Pike County, Missouri
- Pike County, Ohio
- Pike County, Pennsylvania
All were named to honor Zebulon Pike. | 6,129,957 |
536405 | Pierce County | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierce%20County | Pierce County
Pierce County
Pierce County is the name of five counties in the United States.:
- Pierce County, Georgia
- Pierce County, Nebraska
- Pierce County, North Dakota
- Pierce County, Washington
- Pierce County, Wisconsin | 6,129,958 |
536417 | Phillips County | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phillips%20County | Phillips County
Phillips County
Phillips County is the name of several counties in the United States:
- Phillips County, Arkansas
- Phillips County, Colorado
- Phillips County, Kansas
- Phillips County, Montana
# See also.
- Phillips (disambiguation) | 6,129,959 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
U.S. Route 60
U.S. Route 60 or U.S. Highway 60 (US 60) is an east–west major United States highway, traveling from southwestern Arizona to the Atlantic coast in Virginia. Despite the final "0" in its number, indicating a transcontinental designation, the 1926 route formerly ended in Springfield, Missouri, at its intersection with the majorly famous and now defunct US 66. In fact, US 66 was almost given the US 60 number.
The highway's eastern terminus is in Virginia Beach, Virginia, where it is known as Pacific Avenue, in the city's Oceanfront resort district at the intersection of 5th Street and Winston-Salem Avenue. Its original western terminus was in Los Angeles, California, but that was | 6,129,960 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
moved to southwest of Brenda, Arizona to an interchange with Interstate 10 (I-10) after the highway designation was removed from California in 1964. Some US 60 signs can be seen at this interchange about southwest of Brenda. I-10 replaced US 60 from Beaumont, California to Arizona, and California State Route 60 (SR 60) replaced US 60 from Los Angeles to Beaumont.
# Route description.
## Arizona.
The westernmost stretch of US 60 to the California border has been replaced by Interstate 10. The western terminus of US 60 is near Brenda, Arizona, where it travels northeast to Wickenburg, Arizona. Once US 60 hits Surprise, it carries the name Grand Avenue through the Phoenix metropolitan area until | 6,129,961 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
the highway joins I-17 and I-10 in Phoenix for approximately 14 miles (22.5 km) before it exits I-10 onto the Superstition Freeway. Here, US 60 is a significant part of the local commuter freeway system, serving cities such as Mesa, Gilbert and Apache Junction. East of the Phoenix area, US 60 bears roughly east-northeast through mountainous areas, passing through Globe, Show Low, and Springerville before exiting the state at the border with New Mexico.
## New Mexico.
US 60 enters New Mexico in Catron County east of Springerville, Arizona. The road makes an arc through Catron County, with the apex at Quemado, avoiding Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest and Escondido Mountain. East of Pie Town, | 6,129,962 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
the road crosses the Continental Divide. Between the Divide and Datil, US 60 cuts through Cibola National Forest. In Datil, US 60 serves as the eastern terminus of NM-12.
East of Datil, US 60 traverses the northern end of the Plains of San Augustin, then crosses the county line into Socorro County. The road bisects the Very Large Array complex, and a track used in rearranging the antennas that make up the Array crosses the highway. into the county, the highway passes through Magdalena.
It then enters the county seat of Socorro, where it meets Interstate 25. US 60 heads north, beginning a concurrency with the Interstate.
US 60 splits off from I-25 near Bernardo, about north of Socorro. It | 6,129,963 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
turns back eastward, rising through Abo Pass at the southern end of the Manzano Mountains before crossing into Torrance County and passing through Mountainair, where it intersects NM-55. After passing through Willard, it sets out across the Pedernal Hills. In Encino, it begins a concurrency with US-285. Just after crossing into Guadalupe County, US-54 joins the concurrency. The three highways pass through Vaughn and then go their separate ways, with US 285 heading southeast towards the direction of Roswell, US 54 heading northeast towards both Santa Rosa and Interstate 40, and US 60 heading east towards Clovis.
US 60 angles southeast toward Yeso, entering De Baca County en route. Curving back | 6,129,964 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
towards the east, the road enters Fort Sumner, the county seat, later. Just west of town, it serves as the northern terminus of NM-20, and in Fort Sumner proper, it begins a concurrency with US-84, which will persist for the remainder of the routes' miles in New Mexico. East of town the two highways encounter NM-212, a spur to Fort Sumner State Monument, and NM 252 in Taiban.
US 60/84 passes through Tolar near the De Baca–Roosevelt County line. The two routes do not stay in Roosevelt County for long, however, proceeding into Curry County west of Melrose. The highways pass through Melrose, St. Vrain, and Grier before widening out to a four-lane highway as they approach Clovis, the Curry County | 6,129,965 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
seat. In Clovis, the home of Cannon Air Force Base, the highways meet up with US-70, which joins the concurrency. The three highways proceed through Texico, and then cross the state line near Farwell, Texas.
For the distance of more than 300 miles (480 km) between Abo Pass and Amarillo, the highway parallels the Southern Transcon, one of the busiest transcontinental railroads in the west.
## Texas.
US 60 runs in a northeasterly direction across the Texas Panhandle. It enters the state as a four-lane divided highway at Farwell on the Texas-New Mexico border, and heads northeast, intersecting U.S. Route 385 at Hereford. At Canyon, the route begins a concurrency with both U.S. Route 87 and Interstate | 6,129,966 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
27; the three routes are united to Amarillo.
At Amarillo, the road crosses Interstate 40 and has a short concurrency with Historic US 66 on Amarillo Boulevard. The road continues as a divided highway, heading northeast to Pampa, where the road goes to two lanes. At Canadian, the route briefly returns to four-lane status and forms a concurrency with U.S. Route 83. US 60 leaves Texas for Oklahoma east of Higgins.
## Oklahoma.
Except for three short sections near Enid, Vinita, and Ponca City, US 60 is a two-lane highway its entire length across Oklahoma. It enters the state west of Arnett and travels east to Orienta where it begins a concurrency with U.S. Highway 412. At Enid, it leaves the | 6,129,967 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
concurrency with US-412 and begins another with U.S. Highway 64 with which it is united for . Near Tonkawa, US 60 has an interchange with Interstate 35.
At Ponca City, US 60 enters Osage County, leaving it at Bartlesville. From Vinita to Afton, the highway has a concurrency with Historic U.S. Highway 66 and U.S. Highway 69. The road meets Interstate 44 at Vinita and Afton. It passes through Twin Bridges State Park about west of the Missouri state line.
## Missouri.
US 60 crosses southern Missouri, south of Interstate 44. It crosses the Missouri-Oklahoma state line near the Missouri town Seneca. It is concurrent with U.S. Route 62 from Charleston and spans the Mississippi River to enter Illinois. | 6,129,968 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
Prior to the creation of the U.S. Highway system, U.S. Route 60 was Route 16.
Between the Missouri-Oklahoma state line and south of Seneca and Republic, US 60 is a two-lane highway, often splitting into alternating three-lane highways beginning at Monett. At Republic, the road becomes a four-lane divided highway, turning southeast onto the James River Freeway in the Springfield city limits.
Most of the route east of Springfield is four-lane divided and several stretches are freeway-graded. On July 9, 2010, The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) finished the process of upgrading US 60 to four lanes along a segment between the towns of Willow Springs and Van Buren. This project's | 6,129,969 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
overall completion indicates that US 60 is now a four-lane facility from Springfield to Charleston, a distance of approximately . A stretch of US 60 from east of US 65 in Springfield to Rogersville has been in long range plans on being upgraded to freeway status, therefore removing all at-grade crossings, installing overpasses and interchanges, and access roads.
At Mansfield, US 60 meets Missouri Route 5, which runs south towards Ava. U.S. 60 is briefly concurrent with Route 5 north of Mansfield, after which Route 5 continues north towards Hartville. On the southeast side of Cabool US 60 encounters US Route 63 and continues as a concurrency to Willow Springs, where the two routes separate with | 6,129,970 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
Route 60 continuing east to Mountain View and Route 63 continues south toward West Plains.
US 60 intersects Interstate 55 and Interstate 57 just southeast of Sikeston. It runs concurrently with I-57 from this junction to the east side of Charleston.
From Charleston to Bird's Point, where the route leaves Missouri on a bridge crossing of the Mississippi River, US 60 is now concurrent with U.S. Route 62 and - for a short distance - Route 77.
William Jefferson Blythe, Jr., the biological father of former U.S. president Bill Clinton, died on Route 60 (now Route 114) outside of Sikeston, Missouri after being thrown from his car and drowning in a drainage ditch.
## Illinois.
U.S. 60 continues | 6,129,971 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
its concurrency with U.S. Highway 62 for its entire length, , in Illinois. The routes enter Illinois at its very southern tip between the Mississippi and Ohio rivers.
The concurrent routes pass Fort Defiance, which lies at the lowest and southernmost point of Illinois, then intersect with U.S. 51 south of Cairo, turning eastward along with southbound U.S. 51 to cross the Ohio River into Kentucky.
## Kentucky.
US 60, along with US 51 and US 62, crosses into the state of Kentucky from Cario, Illinois. US 60 splits off from this concurrency at Wickliffe, and heads northeast towards Paducah. US 60 has an interchange with Interstate 24 and enters the city along with Business Loop 24. US 60 joins | 6,129,972 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
US 62 once again, and the routes head out of Paducah. US 60 splits off to the northeast and crosses the Tennessee River, while US 62 heads southeast and serves as the western terminus of US 68.
From there, US 60 follows the Ohio River, traveling through the city of Smithland, and junctions US 641 at Marion. US 60 continues northeast to Morganfield, and then to Henderson, where it joins alternate US 41. The two routes head to the other side of Henderson, where they have an interchange with US 41. Currently, Kentucky's segment of Interstate 69 ends south of Henderson, but once connected with the mainline in Indiana, the interstate will be concurrent with US 41 and share the interchange with US | 6,129,973 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
60. From there, US 60 heads east towards the city of Owensboro.
US 60 becomes an expressway, the Wendell H. Ford Expressway, traversing around the south side of the city of Owensboro. The route serves as the eastern terminus of the Audubon Parkway (future I-69 spur), as well as the northern terminus of US 431. US 231 joins US 60 and the routes serve as the northern terminus of I-165 (formerly the William H. Natcher Parkway). The routes travel north, leaving Owensboro, towards Maceo. At Maceo, US 60 splits from US 231 and heads east along the Ohio River traveling through the cities of Lewisport, Hawesville, and Cloverport. The route then goes southeast to Hardinsburg, and then traverses northeast | 6,129,974 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
to US 31W north of Fort Knox.
US 60 joins US 31W, and the routes travel north to the city of Louisville. US 60 creates an alternate route, traveling through the south side of Louisville, while US 60 travels through the north side. The routes head north through the city, having an interchange with I-264 along the way. At Bernheim Lane, US 31W splits off US 60 and parallels on the west side, while US 60 continues north, traveling further into the city. US 60 joins US 150, and the routes travel east out of the downtown area. The routes junction US 31E, and US 60 goes north on US 31E, while US 150 goes south on US 31E. Then, US 60 turns off onto US 42, has an interchange with Interstate 64, and | 6,129,975 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
then splits off of US 42 and heads out of Louisville. Before leaving, Alternate US 60 joins back, and US 60 has an interchange with I-264 once more, and then with I-265.
US 60 parallels Interstate 64 as the route travels east through Shelbyville, and on into the capital city of Frankfort. Here, US 60 junctions US 127, and heads on east into the city. US 60 crosses the Kentucky River and continues east to US 421 and US 460. US 60 joins US 421, and the routes travel south for a bit, and then US 421 splits off of US 60 and heads east. US 60 heads southeast, crossing over to the south side of Interstate 64. US 60 joins US 62 once again in a strange concurrency (US 60 is heading east while US 62 | 6,129,976 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
is heading west, and vice versa). US 60 quickly splits off at Versailles, and then the route travels east towards Lexington.
US 60 enters Lexington after having an interchange with Kentucky Route 4 (KY 4). US 60 goes into the city, joining US 68 for a block, and then turns south onto US 25 and US 421. The three routes travel through downtown Lexington, and then US 60 splits off and heads east out of the city. On its way out, US 60 has an interchange with US 421 By-Pass and then with Interstate 75.
US 60 continues on east, paralleling Interstate 64. The route travels through Winchester, and then junctions US 460 in Mount Sterling. After leaving the city, US 60 crosses over to the north side | 6,129,977 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
of Insterstate 64, creating an interchange. From here, US 60 travels through the cities of Owingsville, Morehead, and Grayson, before turning northeast to head to the city of Ashland. In the city, US 60 joins US 23, and the two routes head south along the Ohio River. The routes continue to Catlettsburg, where US 60 leaves US 23 and heads east, crossing over the Big Sandy River on the Billy C. Clark Bridge into the state of West Virginia.
## West Virginia.
In West Virginia, US 60 largely follows the path of the Midland Trail. It enters the state at Kenova by crossing over the Big Sandy River from the city of Catlettsburg, Kentucky. From there, it heads through Huntington east to Charleston.
From | 6,129,978 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
Charleston, US 60 heads southeast on its own course apart from Interstate 64, its replacement. The road first follows the Kanawha River to its source at Gauley Bridge, where US 60 then climbs out of the river valley and follows a twisting path through Rainelle and back to Interstate 64 at Sam Black Church. This stretch was the last section of US 60 to be bypassed by the Interstate system in West Virginia. I-64 between Beckley and Sam Black Church, West Virginia, was not completed and open to traffic until July 15, 1988 Due to its location, many miles away from I-64, US 60 still serves a large amount of traffic through the central part of the state, even though I-64 has replaced the highway for | 6,129,979 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
most through traffic. From the early 1970s, when I-64 was completed through Charleston to the West Virginia Turnpike until 1988, all east-west I-64 traffic was routed onto the mostly two lane U.S. 60 from Charleston to Sam Black Church where I-64 resumed. During this time U.S. 60 was signed by W.V.D.O.T. with a U.S. 60 shield and a "to I-64(east or west)" sign in order to assure travelers they would eventually return to the interstate highway by following the federal designated route. This stretch of highway from Charleston to Sam Black Church is significant as it was the second to last segment of U.S. highway to be replaced by an interstate (of the original 1960s grid plan).
From Sam Black | 6,129,980 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
Church east through Lewisburg to White Sulphur Springs, US 60 lives in the shadow of I-64 and carries a very small amount of traffic. Just east of White Sulphur Springs, US 60 joins I-64 for the last in the state before they enter Virginia at Allegheny Mountain.
## Virginia.
In Virginia, U.S. Route 60 runs west to east through the central part of the state, generally close to and paralleling the Interstate 64 corridor, except for the crossing of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and in the South Hampton Roads area.
Between Lexington in the Shenandoah Valley and Richmond, I-64 uses a lower elevation crossing of the Blue Ridge Mountains located about further north, where it runs parallel to U.S. Route | 6,129,981 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
250 through Rockfish Gap. In contrast, through this section, the older US 60 is mostly a rural two-lane road. With the crossing of the Blue Ridge Mountains at a higher altitude in more rugged terrain, US 60 in this area offers much more challenging and weather-sensitive driving conditions, as well as a history of many crashes in the years before I-64 was completed.
East of north–south U.S. Route 29 (which runs parallel to the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge), the older US 60 and I-64 gradually converge as they pass through the rolling hills of the rocky Piedmont region in an easterly direction to reach the Fall Line at Richmond, where they again become very close.
From Richmond east to the | 6,129,982 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
harbor area near the mouth of Hampton Roads, US 60 again essentially parallels I-64 through Williamsburg and the Historic Triangle region, extending down the Virginia Peninsula east to the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel which it shares with I-64. A few miles south of the bridge-tunnel, in Norfolk, US 60 diverges to the east to follow the south shoreline of the Chesapeake Bay through Ocean View and past the south entrance to the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel to reach Cape Henry. There it curves south to run along the Atlantic Ocean shoreline to end near the south end of the Virginia Beach resort strip.
# History.
## Historical California alignment.
U.S. Route 60 has been fully decommissioned in | 6,129,983 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
California since 1972, when Interstate 10 was completed in California. It had a clear east-west orientation and was so signed.
Between downtown Los Angeles (its western terminus at its interchange with Interstates 5 and 10) it had an existence separate from U.S. Routes 70 and 99, lying to its south. US 60 passed through Pomona and Riverside, meeting US 70 and US 99 near Beaumont, east of which it coincided with US 70 and US 99 as far to the east as Indio. East of Indio, US 99 separated from US 60 and US 70, both continuing through the Mojave Desert to the Arizona state line at the Colorado River near Blythe almost entirely as a two-lane highway.
After the Great Renumbering of 1964, US 60 remained | 6,129,984 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
intact east of Beaumont, but for only eight years. Meanwhile, US 70 and US 99 had disappeared completely in Southern California. West of Beaumont, the route that had been US 60 was re-signed as State Route 60 (although often on a somewhat different alignment than the current California 60, as the new freeway had not yet been completed). East of Beaumont, US 60 remained in existence while Interstate 10 supplanted it, with the course of US 60 being moved to Interstate 10 and some sections of the old highway being demolished. In 1972, California decommissioned whatever remained of US 60 within the state as the last segments of Interstate 10 were opened. Parts of old US 60 (which in places coincided | 6,129,985 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
with US 70 and US 99) remain as business loops of Interstate 10 in Indio and Blythe.
US 60 had its beginnings in the Midland Trail, an auto trail organized in 1912 by residents of Grand Junction, Colorado. The next year, this route was considered but rejected for the Lincoln Highway, after which the Midland Trail Association laid out and marked its own transcontinental highway, eventually connecting Newport News, Virginia with Los Angeles, California. When the Joint Board on Interstate Highways published its preliminary plan for a system of interstate routes in 1925, the Midland Trail was split among many numbers, including 52, 62, 150, 50, and 40. East of Louisville, where it would become | 6,129,986 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
US 60, it was assigned parts of 52 and 62. Route 52 began at Newport News and followed the Midland Trail to Richmond, but took a more southerly route to Lexington, Virginia. The trail was used again through West Virginia to Huntington, where Route 52 split to the northwest. Route 62 began at Ashland, Kentucky (near Huntington) and followed the Midland Trail across northeastern Kentucky to Louisville, where the trail crossed the Ohio River and became Route 150. Route 62 continued southwest along the south bank of the Ohio River to Wickliffe in western Kentucky, and then crossed the Mississippi River at the Ohio's mouth. The final portion of Route 62 crossed southern Missouri to Springfield on | 6,129,987 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
an existing main highway that had been numbered 16 by the state.
Kentucky Governor William J. Fields objected to the Joint Board's plan, which took most major east–west routes (multiples of ten) to the East Coast, but sent Route 60 from Los Angeles northeast to end in Chicago, leaving none to cross Kentucky, the only Mississippi Valley state without such a route. Proposals were considered for splitting US 60 into 60N and 60E at Springfield (MO) or using 62 for the Chicago route; Missouri had already prepared maps that showed the original plans for 60 and 62. The final plan, agreed to by the affected states, assigned US 66 to the Los Angeles-Chicago highway and US 60 to the route from Springfield | 6,129,988 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
to Virginia Beach (extended from Newport News), absorbing all of 62 and part of 52 from the 1925 plan.
Although US 60 initially stretched less than halfway across the country, due to its late creation, it was soon extended west to Los Angeles. One auto trail — the Atlantic and Pacific Highway - and three other U.S. Highways played a part in this extension. The Atlantic and Pacific Highway had been organized in 1921, and connected New York City with Los Angeles. The original alignment of U.S. Route 70 entered Clovis, New Mexico from the east, as it does now, but continued west to Holbrook, Arizona. Crossing US 70 at Clovis was the El Paso-Amarillo U.S. Route 366. Finally, U.S. Route 164 was | 6,129,989 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
created by 1928, stretching northeast and east from Amarillo to U.S. Route 64 and U.S. Route 81 in Enid, Oklahoma. The American Association of State Highway Officials approved the first part of the extension in May 1930, following the rest of Missouri's Route 16 to the Oklahoma state line, and several state highways to Enid, before absorbing US 164 to a terminus at Amarillo. The remainder to Los Angeles was approved at AASHO's June 1931 meeting, and involved a number of other changes. US 60 replaced US 366 from Amarillo to Clovis, where it continued west along US 70 to Springerville, Arizona. The remainder of US 70 to Holbrook, Arizona became a new U.S. Route 260, while US 60 followed the Atlantic | 6,129,990 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
and Pacific Highway, which it had picked up at Vaughn, New Mexico, southwest and west through Phoenix to Los Angeles. US 70 was not truncated to Clovis, but was instead redirected southwest along US 366 to El Paso, and later reached Los Angeles itself, though most of the route west of Globe, Arizona overlapped US 60.
After the Interstate Highway System was signed into law in 1956, the Midland Trail portion of US 60, from Louisville east to the Hampton Roads area, was bypassed by Interstate 64. From Phoenix west to Los Angeles, Interstate 10 paralleled and, for the most part, replaced US 60. I-10 and I-64 were mostly completed by the late 1970s, though part of Interstate 64 in West Virginia, | 6,129,991 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
built on a new alignment east from Beckley, did not bypass the old winding US 60 until July 15, 1988. California decommissioned its portion of US 60 in 1972; most was replaced by I-10, while the independent piece in the Los Angeles area became State Route 60. In 1982, the portion overlapping I-10 in western Arizona was removed. US 60 between Phoenix and Louisville remains a major regional corridor in most places, and is not paralleled by an Interstate for any significant length.
# Major intersections.
- Arizona
- New Mexico
- Texas
- Oklahoma
- Missouri
- Illinois
- Kentucky
- West Virginia
- Virginia
# See also.
- U.S. Route 160
- U.S. Route 260
- U.S. Route 360
- U.S. Route 460
- | 6,129,992 |
441501 | U.S. Route 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20Route%2060 | U.S. Route 60
sioned its portion of US 60 in 1972; most was replaced by I-10, while the independent piece in the Los Angeles area became State Route 60. In 1982, the portion overlapping I-10 in western Arizona was removed. US 60 between Phoenix and Louisville remains a major regional corridor in most places, and is not paralleled by an Interstate for any significant length.
# Major intersections.
- Arizona
- New Mexico
- Texas
- Oklahoma
- Missouri
- Illinois
- Kentucky
- West Virginia
- Virginia
# See also.
- U.S. Route 160
- U.S. Route 260
- U.S. Route 360
- U.S. Route 460
- Special routes of U.S. Route 60
# External links.
- Endpoints of U.S. Highway 60
- Illinois Highway Ends: US 60 | 6,129,993 |
536426 | Big Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big%20Island | Big Island
Big Island
Big Island may refer to:
# Canada.
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Big Island (Newfoundland and Labrador)
- Nova Scotia
- Big Island, Nova Scotia, a peninsula in Pictou County
- Nunavut
- Big Island (Hudson Bay, Nunavut), near Puvirnituq, Quebec
- Big Island (Hudson Strait, Nunavut), near Kimmirut
- Big Island (James Bay, Nunavut), near Chisasibi, Quebec
- Ontario
- Big Island (Bay of Quinte)
- Big Island (Lake Chemong), in Chemong Lake
- Big Island (Lake of the Woods), in Lake of the Woods
- Big Island (Pigeon Lake), in Pigeon Lake
# Malaysia.
- Big Island, Johor
- Big Island, Malaysia, in Malacca
# United States.
- Hawaii
- Big Island of Hawaii
- Minnesota
- | 6,129,994 |
536426 | Big Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big%20Island | Big Island
Malaysia.
- Big Island, Johor
- Big Island, Malaysia, in Malacca
# United States.
- Hawaii
- Big Island of Hawaii
- Minnesota
- Big Island Amusement Park on Lake Minnetonka's Big Island
- New Hampshire
- Big Island (Pawtuckaway Lake), in Pawtuckaway Lake
- Big Island (Umbagog Lake) in Umbagog Lake
- New York
- Big Island (Chemung River), in Chemung County
- Big Island (Woodhull Lake), in Herkimer County
- Ohio
- Big Island, Ohio, an unincorporated community
- Virginia
- Big Island, Virginia, a census-designated place
- Wisconsin
- Big Island (Wood County, Wisconsin), in the Wisconsin River
# Other uses.
- Naoto Ohshima (born 1964), Japanese artist and video game designer | 6,129,995 |
536432 | Perry County | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perry%20County | Perry County
Perry County
Perry County may refer to:
# United States.
- Perry County, Alabama
- Perry County, Arkansas
- Perry County, Illinois
- Perry County, Indiana
- Perry County, Kentucky
- Perry County, Mississippi
- Perry County, Missouri
- Perry County, Ohio
- Perry County, Pennsylvania
- Perry County, Tennessee
# Australia.
- Perry County, New South Wales
# See also.
- Perry (disambiguation) | 6,129,996 |
536422 | Phelps County | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phelps%20County | Phelps County
Phelps County
Phelps County is the name of two counties in the United States:
- Phelps County, Missouri
- Phelps County, Nebraska | 6,129,997 |
536420 | Local Authority Accommodation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local%20Authority%20Accommodation | Local Authority Accommodation
Local Authority Accommodation
Local Authority Accommodation is the name given to a form of Public housing provided in Ireland by various County Councils and City Corporations along with Urban District Councils. In Dublin, the most notable and visible example of local authority accommodation is the Ballymun Flats near Dublin Airport.
Estates of houses have been built around the country at various stages, typically to strict standards.
In 2006, the Irish Government budgeted just over €1 billion for social housing needs. | 6,129,998 |
536433 | GFI | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GFI | GFI
GFI
GFI may refer to:
- Caribbean Star Airlines, a defunct airline of Antigua and Barbuda
- Game Factory Interactive, a video game developer
- GFI Group, an American financial services company
- "Go4It", a British children's radio programme
- Gold Fields, a South African mining company
- Golden Future Institute, a school in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- The Good Food Institute, an American nonprofit organization
- Grand Forks International, a baseball tournament
- Ground fault circuit interrupter, an electrical safety device | 6,129,999 |
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