wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
74601 | Bytom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom | Bytom
Kachel (1913–1983), head of the pre-war Polish Scouting Association in Germany
- Hans-Joachim Pancherz (1914–2008), German aviator and test pilot
- Horst Winter (1914–2001), German/Austrian jazz musician
- Leo Scheffczyk (1920–2005), German theologian and cardinal
- Haim Yavin (born 1932), Israeli news anchor... | 7,500 |
74601 | Bytom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom | Bytom
Jerzy Konikowski (born 1947), chess player
- Leszek Engelking (born 1955), Polish poet, writer, translator and scholar
- Waldemar Legień (born 1963), Polish judoka, Olympic champion from Seoul and Barcelona
- Marzena Godecki (born 1978), Australian actress
- Dorota Kobiela (born 1978), Polish filmmaker
- Pau... | 7,501 |
74601 | Bytom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom | Bytom
er, translator and scholar
- Waldemar Legień (born 1963), Polish judoka, Olympic champion from Seoul and Barcelona
- Marzena Godecki (born 1978), Australian actress
- Dorota Kobiela (born 1978), Polish filmmaker
- Paul Freier (born 1979), German footballer
- Gosia Andrzejewicz (born 1984), Polish pop singer
... | 7,502 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
Radom
Radom (; "Rodem") is a city in east-central Poland, located south of Poland's capital, Warsaw, on the Mleczna River, in (as of 1999) the Masovian Voivodeship, having previously been the capital of Radom Voivodeship (1975–1998). Despite being part of the Masovian Voivodeship, the city historically belongs t... | 7,503 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
In 1976, it was a center of anti Communist street protests. Radom is the fourteenth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest in the voivodeship with a population of 213,029 as of 2018, down from 221,066 in 2011.
The city is home to the biennial Radom Air Show, the largest and best-attended air show in Polan... | 7,504 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
to produce modern military firearms.
The international Radom Jazz Festival and the International Gombrowicz Theater Festival are held in the city.
# History.
Radom's original settlement dates back to the 8th–9th century. It was an early medieval town in the valley of the Mleczna River (on the approximate site ... | 7,505 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
named after St. Peter church, which in 1222 was placed under the authority of a Benedictine Abbey in nearby Sieciechów. The church no longer exists; the oldest still-extant church in Radom is St. Wacław, founded in the 13th century by Prince of Sandomierz Leszek I the White. The first documented mention of Radom ... | 7,506 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
charter by Prince Bolesław V the Chaste, although no documents exist to confirm the exact date of this event. The town prospered in the 14th century, when in 1350 King Kazimierz Wielki established the so-called "New Town", with a royal castle, a defensive wall, and a town hall. There was also a market square and ... | 7,507 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
and the Royal Castle was built between the church and the moat.
In 1364, Radom’s obsolete Środa Śląska rights were replaced with more modern Magdeburg rights, and residents gained several privileges as a result. At that time, Radom was located along the so-called "Oxen Trail", from Ruthenian lands to Silesia. In... | 7,508 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
union. Immediately after the Pact, preparations for the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War began. King Casimir IV Jagiellon frequently visited Radom, along with his wife, Elizabeth of Austria. Here, the King would host foreign envoys, from such countries as the Crimean Khanate, the Kingdom of Bohemia, and the Duchy o... | 7,509 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
made of wood (until 1507).
In 1481, Radom became the residence of Prince Kazimierz, the son of King Jagiellon, who ruled the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The young prince died of tuberculosis, and later became patron saint of both the city of Radom (since 1983), and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Radom (since 1992).... | 7,510 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
controlled taxation. Several kings visited the city, including Stephen Bathory and his wife Anna Jagiellon, Sigismund III Vasa, and August III Sas. In 1623 many residents died in an epidemic, and in 1628, half of Radom burned in a fire.
The period of prosperity ended during the Swedish invasion of Poland. The Sw... | 7,511 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
in August 1656. Its population shrank from some 2,000 before the war, to 395 in 1660, with only 37 houses still standing. Swedish soldiers burned the royal castle and the monastery. With the Polish population in decline, the number of Jewish settlers grew by the early 18th century. In 1682 the first Piarists arri... | 7,512 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
Russian-controlled Congress Poland, remaining a regional administrative center. In 1816 - 1837 it was the capital of the Sandomierz Voivodeship, whose capital, despite the name, was at Radom. In 1837 - 1844 it was the capital of the Sandomierz Governorate, and from 1844 until the outbreak of World War I, the capi... | 7,513 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
Górnicza to Dęblin was completed, via Radom. In the early 20th century a power plant was built. The city was captured by the Austro-Hungarian Army in July 1915. An Austrian garrison remained until November 1918.
## Modern era.
In the Second Polish Republic Radom became part of Kielce Voivodeship. In 1932 the Ci... | 7,514 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
World War II, Radom was captured by the Wehrmacht. The German occupiers carried out several executions of civilians, and formed the Radom Ghetto, with a population of 34,000 Jews, most of whom perished at the Treblinka extermination camp. Radom was also a center of Polish resistance, with numerous Home Army units... | 7,515 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
percent).
## Current events.
In 2007, two pilots died in an accident at the air show, resulting in the cancellation of the rest of the event. On 30 August 2009, also during the air show, another two pilots who represented Belarus were killed when their plane crashed.
Radom was one of the main centres of the st... | 7,516 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
by Casimir III, built in the years 1360–1370 in gothic style, and re-constructed many times
- Bernardine church and monastery: founded by Casimir IV of Poland, built in the years 1468–1507
- Holy Trinity Church: built in the years 1619–1627 in the baroque style, burned in a fire and was rebuilt in the years 167... | 7,517 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
century in classical style
- Radom Air Show: the most popular air show in Poland.
# Culture.
## The arts.
### Philharmonic.
- Radom Chamber Orchestra established in 2007
### Cinemas.
- Helios cinemas
- Hel (currently not functioning)
- Multikino cinemas
### Theatre.
- Jan Kochanowski Theatre
### Museu... | 7,518 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
Radom - men's football team, founded in 1910, currently playing in 3rd league.
- Czarni Radom - men's volleyball team, founded in 1921, currently playing in 1st league.
- Jadar Radom former men's volleyball team, played in 1st league in 2006-10.
- Broń Radom - men's football team, founded in 1926, currently in... | 7,519 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
from the center of Radom.
# Education.
Radom is home to about 20 schools of higher education:
- Instytut Teologiczny Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Radomiu - department of theology
- Kolegium Nauczycielskie
- Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych
- Niepubliczne Nauczycielskie Kolegium Językó... | 7,520 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
University "(Kolegium licencjackie Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej)"
- Warsaw University - department in Radom "(Uniwersytet Warszawski)"
- Maria Curie-Skłodowska University - department in Radom "(Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej)"
- Wyższa Inżynierska Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa i Organizacji Pracy
- Hi... | 7,521 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
commercial LF transmission (not broadcasting), the Radom longwave transmitter
- The Łucznik Arms Factory in Radom produces a range of military firearms such as assault rifles
- The book, Outcry - Holocaust Memoirs by Manny Steinberg chronicles a young Jewish man's life and trials during the Nazi occupation of R... | 7,522 |
74597 | Radom | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radom | Radom
rdam Publishers, The Netherlands in 2014.
# Politics.
Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Radom constituency
- Ewa Kopacz (PO)
- Dariusz Bąk (PIS)
- Mirosław Maliszewski (PSL)
- Czesław Czechyra (PO)
- Marek Suski (PIS)
- Marek Wikiński (SLD),
- Radosław Witkowski (PO)
- Krzysztof Sońta (PIS)
# I... | 7,523 |
74616 | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L'Hospitalet%20de%20Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (; ), often shortened to L'Hospitalet, is a municipality to the immediate southwest of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain.
By population, it is the second largest in Catalonia and the sixteenth in Spain. It is noted as one of the most densely po... | 7,524 |
74616 | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L'Hospitalet%20de%20Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
written references to "Provençana" (the city's original name) appear. The current name originates from the Catalan language and derives from a hostel next to the Church of Saint Eulalia of Provençana ("Santa Eulàlia de Provençana") used by pilgrims in the Middle Ages. The city retained the cha... | 7,525 |
74616 | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L'Hospitalet%20de%20Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
Swedish painter and former anarchist Ivan Aguéli died there, being killed by a train, in 1917.
# Demographics.
Only a very small majority of the city's residential population is native to Catalonia and over 22% of the city's inhabitants were born outside Spain, (mainly in Ecuador, the Domini... | 7,526 |
74616 | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L'Hospitalet%20de%20Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
of them follows the coast typology and is called La Marina, similarly to two coast areas of neighbouring Barcelona's Zona Franca: La Marina del Prat Vermell and La Marina de Port. The latter half of L'Hospitalet is called El Samontà, which consists of hills and a more elevated area.
# Economy... | 7,527 |
74616 | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L'Hospitalet%20de%20Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
in the second municipality of the Barcelona metropolitan area. The former airline Spanair's headquarters were in L'Hospitalet. Former mayor Celestino Corbacho has campaigned to improve the city's infrastructure from his position in the Ministry of Work.
# Skyscrapers.
- Torre Realia BCN (200... | 7,528 |
74616 | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L'Hospitalet%20de%20Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
Colonial (?) – 75 meters – Under Construction (on hold)
- Tower Fadesa I (2009) – 65 meters – Completed
- Tower Fadesa II (2009) – 65 meters – Completed
- Tower Fadesa III (2009) – 65 meters – Completed
- City Judicial Building A (2008) – 62 meters – Completed
- City Judicial Building C (... | 7,529 |
74616 | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L'Hospitalet%20de%20Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
centre "Barradas" or the "Sala Alexandre Cirici". It borders the district of Sanfeliu and Can Serra to the north, Bellvitge to the south, Sant Josep to the east, and the city of Cornellà de Llobregat to the west.
- Sant Josep
Sant Josep remains framed by the square that is formed by the aven... | 7,530 |
74616 | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L'Hospitalet%20de%20Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
the ceramic, textile, metallurgical and chemical industries. In fact, Sant Josep was originally an industrial suburb, but the subsequent disappearance of many factories, as well as the population increase, have given it a residential character.
- Sanfeliu
Civic life in this quarter centres o... | 7,531 |
74616 | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L'Hospitalet%20de%20Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
stop. The Market Square ("Plaça del Mercat") and the surroundings are the main centre of cultural life.
- La Torrassa
Its origins has been linked to Collblanc. Today, the Spanish Square ("Plaça Espanyola") and the new park of La Torrassa are the at heart of this neighbourhood and is where th... | 7,532 |
74616 | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L'Hospitalet%20de%20Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
as Can Trinxet, L'Aprestadora or Can Pareto.
- Gran Via Sud
It is the smallest quarter in the town.
## District IV.
- La Florida
- Les Planes
## District V.
- Pubilla Casas
- Can Serra
## District VI.
- Bellvitge
In 1964 the Inmobiliaria Ciudad Condal S.A. (ICC) company initiated th... | 7,533 |
74616 | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L'Hospitalet%20de%20Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
n of this neighbourhood as it stands nowadays, beside the hermitage, on land which had been bought from local farmers. It was designed as a residential area to house the large number of immigrants who came to Catalonia from elsewhere in Spain – more than 126,000 people in 1964 – in search of w... | 7,534 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
Opole
Opole ( , , , , ) is a city located in southern Poland on the Oder River and the historical capital of Upper Silesia. With a population of approximately 128,137 (December 2018), it is the capital of Opole Voivodeship and the seat of Opole County. With its long history dating back to the 8th century, Opole ... | 7,535 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
due to its position on the intersection of several main trade routes, which helped to generate steady profits from transit trade. The rapid development of the town was also caused by the establishment of a seat of regency in Opole in 1816. The first railway connection between Opole, Brzeg and Wrocław was opened i... | 7,536 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
of German ancestry still reside in the Opole region; in the city itself, however, ethnic Germans today make up less than 3% of the population following the 1945-6 expulsions.
Today there are four higher education establishments in the city: The Opole University, Opole University of Technology, a Medical College ... | 7,537 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
likely originated from the medieval Slavic term for a group of settlements.
# History.
## In Medieval Poland.
Opole's history begins in the 8th century. At this time, according to the archeological excavations, the first Slavic settlement was founded on the Ostrówek - the northern part of the Pasieka Island in... | 7,538 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
Exile, Silesia was divided in 1163 between two Piast lines- the Wrocław line in Lower Silesia and the Opole-Racibórz of Upper Silesia. Opole would become a duchy in 1172 and would share much in common with the Duchy of Racibórz, with which it was often combined. In 1281 Upper Silesia was divided further between t... | 7,539 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
was eventually built in the place of the old city. Former inhabitants of Ostrówek together with German merchants that immigrated here from the West, received first town rights probably as early as around 1217, although this date is disputed. Opole received German town law in 1254, which was expanded with Neumarkt... | 7,540 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
was inherited by the Duchy of Opole, by then also known by its German equivalent - Oppeln. The second castle of Opole was probably founded in the 14th century by duke Vladislaus II, though some sources claim that it was originally a wooden stronghold of Opole's castellan dating into 12th century.
## Austrian Hab... | 7,541 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
with other nationalities represented mainly by Germans, Czechs and Jews. The last two dukes of Opole, Nicholas II and Janusz II the Good, did not master the German language.
Beginning in 1532 the Habsburgs pawned the duchy to different rulers including several monarchs of Poland (see Dukes of Opole). After the S... | 7,542 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
in 1668, the region passed to the direct control of the Habsburgs. At the beginning of the 18th century the German population of Opole was estimated at around 20%.
## In Prussian Silesia.
King Frederick II of Prussia conquered most of Silesia from Austria in 1740 during the Silesian Wars; Prussian control was c... | 7,543 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
1849 the Polish newspaper "Gazeta Wiejska dla Górnego Śląska" was published in Opole. Polish reporter and opponent of Germanisation Bronisław Koraszewski founded the newspaper "Gazeta Opolska" in 1890 and the People's Bank in Opole ("Opolski Bank Ludowy") in 1897. Another Polish newspaper, the "Nowiny" was founde... | 7,544 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
become part of the Second Polish Republic. 20,816 (94.7%) votes were cast for Germany, 1,098 (5.0%) for Poland, and 70 (0.3%) votes were declared invalid. Voter participation was 95.9%. Results of the plebiscite in the Oppeln-Land county were different, with 30% of population voting for Poland.
Oppeln was the ad... | 7,545 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
the city's landmarks. In 1929, a Polish theater from Katowice came to Opole for a performance of the opera "Halka" by Stanisław Moniuszko. After the performance, the actors were brutally beaten by a German militia with the silent consent of the German police.
With the defeat of Poland in the invasion of Poland a... | 7,546 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
up in Oppeln. By March 1941, 8,000 Jews were deported to Oppeln. From May 1941, 800 men capable of work were deployed as forced labourers in Deblin. The "Liquidation" of the Oppeln ghetto began in the spring 1942. A transport to Belzec extermination camp left on 31 March 1942 and deportations to Sobibor followed ... | 7,547 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
of the Opole Voivodeship. Unlike other parts of the so-called Recovered Territories, Opole and the surrounding region's indigenous population remained and was not forcibly expelled as elsewhere. Over 1 million Silesians who considered themselves Poles or were treated as such by the authorities due to their langua... | 7,548 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
region, is known as a centre of the German minority in Poland that recruits mainly from the descendants of the positively verified autochthons. In the city itself however only 2.46% of the inhabitants declared German nationality according to the last national census of 2002.
On January 1, 2017, Borki, Chmielowic... | 7,549 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
German statistics, varied from 25 to 31%.
¹ First census of the city
² 8,320 German nationality (93.7%) and 557 Polish nationality (6.3%)
³ 80% German-speaking, 16% Polish-speaking, and 4% bilingual Polish-German-speaking
# German minority.
Alongside German and Polish, many citizens of Opole-Oppeln before 19... | 7,550 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
Because they were considered "autochthonous" (Polish), the Wasserpolak-speakers instead received the right to remain in their homeland after declaring themselves as Poles. Some German speakers took advantage of this decision, allowing them to remain in their Oppeln, even when they considered themselves to be of G... | 7,551 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
is a zoo, the Ogród Zoologiczny w Opolu.
Structures and buildings
- Piast tower on the island (only part that remained of Piast castle)
- a 14th-century Franciscan church, a Piast mausoleum
- a 19th-century Town Hall
- the Church of our Lady of Sorrows and St. Adalbert ("Kościół Matki Boskiej Bolesnej i św. ... | 7,552 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
Village Museum ("Muzeum Wsi Opolskiej")
Cemeteries
- The Jewish Cemetery in Opole was established in 1822, and it is a peculiar pantheon of the Jews of Opole.
# Geography.
Opole is one of the warmest cities in Poland. The national all time heat record was measured in Prószków, near Opole.
# Education.
- sta... | 7,553 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
Academy (Szkoła Wyższa im. Bogdana Jańskiego)
- WSB Universities - WSB University in Wrocław, departments of Economics
# Politics.
Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Opole constituency
- Danuta Jazłowiecka, PO
- Tadeusz Jarmuziewicz, PO
- Ryszard Knosala, PO
- Leszek Korzeniowski, PO
- Sławomir Kło... | 7,554 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
to World War II, due to major limestone deposits in Opole's vicinity, the city developed as a centre for cement production in Germany, with the "Cementownia "Odra"" being active till this day. The French building materials company Lafarge is also active in the area, having its roofing division, Lafarge Roofing, t... | 7,555 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
companies in the food sector include: Zott, the Dutch baby food and nutrition company Nutricia, part of the Danone food-products corporation.
Opole has branches of all major banks, including: PKO, Pekao, Deutsche Bank and Raiffeisen Zentralbank.
The retail sector in Opole includes major Metro AG brand stores: M... | 7,556 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
in May 2009 and is located in the centre of Mikołaj Kopernik Square. In the city's suburbs, by Wrocławska Street ("ul. Wrocławska") is the location of Karolinka Shopping Centre ("Centrum Handlowe Karolinka"). The shopping centre, which opened in September 2008, has a total area of 38,000 m², with a total of 99 st... | 7,557 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
team are:
- Odra Opole – football club, playing in the Polish second division. From the 1950s to the 1980s the team competed in the country's top flight, finishing 3rd in 1964.
- Orlik Opole – ice hockey club, playing in the Polish Hockey League, the country's top division.
- Kolejarz Opole – speedway club, co... | 7,558 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
German lawyer
- Paul Kleinert (1837–1920), German theologian
- Emin Pasha (born "Eduard Schnitzer") (1840–1892), explorer and governor of Africa
- Jan Kasprowicz (1860–1926), poet
- Ferdinand von Prondzynski, 19th-century Prussian general, whose direct descendant Ferdinand von Prondzynski is Principal and Vic... | 7,559 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
and Polish activist from Opole
- Karol Musioł (1902–1983), president of Opole, founder of the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole
- Joachim Prinz (1902, Bierdzan – 1988), rabbi, born here
- Edmund Osmańczyk (1913–1989), reporter, politician (6 times elected to the sejm and once to the senat)
- Rochus Mi... | 7,560 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
(born 1952), graphic artist and painter
- Andrzej Jerzy Lech (born 1955), artist and photographer
- Anna Brzezińska (born 1971), fantasy writer
- Miroslav Klose (born 1978), football player (playing in the German national football team)
- Krzysztof Szramiak (born 1984), Polish weightlifter
- Marcin Pontus (b... | 7,561 |
74610 | Opole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opole | Opole
playing in the German national football team)
- Krzysztof Szramiak (born 1984), Polish weightlifter
- Marcin Pontus (born 1985), football player
- Karolina Wydra (born 1981), actress
# International relations.
## Twin towns - Sister cities.
Opole is twinned with:
# References.
- "The Columbia Electronic E... | 7,562 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
Chorzów
Chorzów ( ; ) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Chorzów is one of the central cities of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - a metropolis with a population of 2 million. It is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Rawa River (a tributary of the Vistula).
Administratively, ... | 7,563 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
City name.
The city of Chorzów was formed in 1934-1939 by a merger of 4 adjacent cities: Chorzów, Królewska Huta, Nowe Hajduki and Hajduki Wielkie. The name of the oldest settlement "Chorzów" was applied to the amalgamated city.
The etymology of the name is not known. Chorzów is believed to be first mentioned... | 7,564 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
in 1257 and then "Charzow" in 1292. The last name may originate from the personal name "Charz", short for "Zachary" and may mean "Zachary's place". The "a" in the early names may have been later modified to the current pronunciation with "o" perhaps due to similarity to the common adjective "chory"="ill" and a ... | 7,565 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
by the Germans, both names meaning "Royal Iron Works". As it was growing quickly this settlement was granted city status in 1868. Today this neighbourhood is called "Chorzów I" or "Chorzów-Miasto" meaning "Chorzów Centre".
The etymology of "Hajduki" is ambiguous and is interpreted as either related to the Germ... | 7,566 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
mean "Great Hajduks" and "New Hajduks", respectively. The two settlements were merged in 1903 and named after the Bismarck Iron Works "Bismarckhütte". When the international borders shifted, the name of Bismarck was replaced with the name of the Polish king Batory (so-chosen to preserve that initial "B", which ... | 7,567 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
Opole, and since that time the history of Chorzów has been connected to the history of Upper Silesia (Duchy of Opole).
The oldest part of the city, the village of Chorzów, today called "Chorzów Stary", belonged since 1257 to the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem. Already at that time silver a... | 7,568 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
by the Prussian Hohenzollerns in Silesian Wars, setting the stage for the Prussian industrial might. The Prussian and then German period lasted for about 180 years and overlapped with the time of rapid industrialization.
### Royal iron works, coal mines and chemistry.
With the discovery of bituminous coal dep... | 7,569 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
"Königshütte"). At the time, it was a pioneering industrial establishment of its kind in continental Europe. In 1819 the iron works consisted of 4 blast furnaces, producing 1,400 tons of pig-iron. In the 1800s the modern Lidognia Zinc Works was added in the area. In 1871 the iron works were taken over by the ho... | 7,570 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
producer in Poland with power of 100 MW (electrical). Today, it operates as "ELCHO". In 1915, nitrogen chemical works (Oberschlesische Stickstoffwerke) were built nearby to produce fertilizers and explosives by newly invented processes: from air, water and coal (see Haber-Bosch process). Today, it operates as "... | 7,571 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
city status in 1868 as part of Bytom County, and in 1898 it was made a separate city-county.
The population of Królewska Huta was increasing rapidly: from 19,500 inhabitants in 1870 to 72,600 in 1910. Among them 17,300 workers were employed in the industry (similar number for 1939). The population spoke mostly... | 7,572 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
"Zakłady Koksochemiczne Hajduki SA".
### Polish community.
Towards the end of 19th century, Chorzów experienced a revival of Polish national feelings. Ethnic tensions were mixed with the religious and class conflicts. Karol Miarka was the editor of Polish books and newspapers including "Katolik" (The Catholic... | 7,573 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
Interwar Poland (1922–1939).
In the Upper Silesia plebiscite a majority of 31,864 voters voted to remain in Germany while 10,764 votes were given for Poland Following three Silesian uprisings, the eastern part of Silesia, including Chorzów and Królewska Huta, was separated from Germany and awarded to Poland in... | 7,574 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
into one municipality with 81,000 inhabitants. The name of the oldest settlement "Chorzów" was given to the whole city. In April 1939, the settlement of Hajduki Wielkie with 30,000 inhabitants was added to Chorzów.
In part due to the German-Polish trade war in the 1920s, the industry of Chorzów, a border city ... | 7,575 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
the day of the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, Chorzów was taken by Nazi Germany. Polish irregulars, mainly Silesian uprising veterans and Scouts, put up resistance to the regular German forces for three days, most of them were murdered in mass executions. Polish property was confiscated, and Chorzó... | 7,576 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
Red Army in January 1945 with the subsequent persecution of many ethnic Polish Silesians and Germans.
## After 1945.
At the end of World War II, Chorzów (with the balance of Silesia) was re-incorporated into Poland. Generally, the Chorzów industry suffered little damage during World War II due to its inaccess... | 7,577 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
labour and concentration camps. Some industrial hardware and at least 100 000 Polish Silesians were deported to the Ukrainian Donbass region. At the "fall of communism" in 1989, the area was in decline. Since 1989, the region has been transitioning from heavy industry to a more diverse economy.
On 28 January 2... | 7,578 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
of migrations, including those commencing in 1945 (to Germany and from Poland and Ukraine), in 1971-1976 (to Germany), in 1982 (to Western countries), and from 2003 (to other countries of the EU).
# Geography.
## Location.
Chorzów is in the middle of the largest urban center in Poland. The recently (2007) fo... | 7,579 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
West winds (less than 2 m/s) prevail.
# Economy.
Chorzów used to be one of the most important cities in the largest Polish economic area (the Upper Silesian Industry Area) with extensive industry in coal mining, steel, chemistry, manufacturing, and energy sectors. Many heavy-industry establishments were close... | 7,580 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
place at the border of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union. The unemployment rate is high (12.6% on 2007-12-31) but decreasing; the workforce is generally highly technically skilled.
Major industrial establishments are:
- Huta Batory - steel
- Huta Kościuszko SA - steel
- Chorzów Power Station
- Zakłady ... | 7,581 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
towards Ukraine)
- Express Route (DTŚ): Katowice-Chorzów-Ruda Śląska-Zabrze
- National Route DK79: Katowice-Chorzów-Bytom
Three railway stations on two major routes:
- Katowice-Chorzów Batory-Gliwice
- Katowice-Chorzów Batory-Chorzów Miasto-Chorzów Stary-Bytom
Air:
- Katowice International Airport
Publi... | 7,582 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
Siemianowice Śląskie, Sosnowiec, Świętochłowice, and Zabrze.
# Higher education.
Within the city limits of Chorzów:
- University of Silesia ("Uniwerystet Śląski"), two faculties
- WSB Universities - WSB University in Chorzów ("Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa")
- Górnośląska Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna (Upper-Silesian... | 7,583 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
nationally known Silesian Central Park covers about 30% of the city area and features:
- Silesian Zoological Garden
- Silesian Stadium, the largest sports stadium in Poland
- Planetarium and Astronomical Observatory
- A large rose-exhibition garden (7 hectares, 385 varieties of roses)
- Amusement grounds
... | 7,584 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
border with Katowice and Ruda Śląska),
- aquatic complex "Amelung".
# Sports.
Clubs:
- Ruch Chorzów - a renowned men football team (14 time national champion, 3-time winner of the Polish Cup), and female handball team (9 time national champion).
- Alba Echo Chorzów - men's basketball team (2nd division)
-... | 7,585 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
has held the Speedway World Championships four times, with the 1973 World Final attracting over 120,000 spectators, the world record attendance for Motorcycle speedway). The stadium also hosts large music concerts. Throughout its history it featured such artists and groups as The Rolling Stones, Metallica, Guns... | 7,586 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
Nobel Prize in chemistry
- Reinhard Appel (1927–2011), German journalist and television presenter
- August Froehlich (1891–1942), German Roman Catholic priest, member of the resistance against Nazism and martyr
- George Golla (born 1935), Australian jazz musician
- Franz Waxman (1906–1967), American compose... | 7,587 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
the Bundeswehr
- Theodor Kotulla (1928–2001), German film director
- Olgierd Łukaszewicz (born 1946), Polish actor
- Helga Molander (1896–1986), German actress, and mother of Hans Eysenck
- Günther Rittau (1893–1971), German cameraman and film director
- Antoni Piechniczek (born 1942), Polish soccer coach ... | 7,588 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
period
- Leonard Piątek (1913–1967), Polish soccer star of the interbellum period
- Adam Taubitz (born 1967), German jazz and classic musician
- Janusz Michallik (born 1966), former American national team soccer player, currently a commentator for ESPN
- Leon Zak (1925–2004), Polish Soldier
Associated with... | 7,589 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
(1890–1968), Irish sportsperson
- Ernest Wilimowski (1916–1997), Silesian soccer star
- Jerzy Buzek (born 1940), Prime minister of Poland, President of the European Parliament
# Further reading.
- J. Janas, "Historia Kopalni Król w Chorzowie 1871-1945", Katowice 1962
- A. Stasiak, " Miasto Królewska Huta. ... | 7,590 |
74612 | Chorzów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chorzów | Chorzów
e 1871-1945", Katowice 1962
- A. Stasiak, " Miasto Królewska Huta. Zarys rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego i przestrzennego w latach 1869-1914", Warszawa 1962
- J. Surowiński, "75 lat Zakładów Koksochemicznych Hajduki 1888-1963", Warszawa 1963
- L. Pakuła, "Chorzów", [in:] "Encyklopedia Historii Gospodarczej P... | 7,591 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
Kalisz
Kalisz (; , , , ) is a city in central Poland with 100,975 inhabitants (December 2018) making it the second-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. It is the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms ... | 7,592 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
the Slavic term "kal", meaning swamp or marsh.
There are many artifacts from Roman times in the area of Kalisz, indicating that the settlement had once been a stop of the Roman caravans heading for the Baltic Sea along the trade route of the Amber Trail. "Calisia" had been mentioned by Ptolemy in the 2nd centur... | 7,593 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
castellany and a minor fort. In 1106 Bolesław III Wrymouth captured the town and made it a part of his feudal domain. Between 1253 and 1260 the town was incorporated according to the German town law called the Środa Śląska Law (after Środa Śląska in Silesia), a local variation of the Magdeburg Law, and soon star... | 7,594 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
the city laws were confirmed by Przemysł II of Poland, and in 1314 it was made the capital of the Kalisz Voivodeship by king Władysław I the Elbow-high. Located roughly in the centre of Poland (as its borders stood in that era), Kalisz was a notable centre of trade. Because of its strategic location, King Casimi... | 7,595 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
around this time, however, the importance of Kalisz began to decline somewhat, its place being taken by nearby Poznań.
The economic development of the area was aided by a large number of Protestant Czech Brothers, who settled in and around Kalisz after being expelled from Bohemia in 1620.
In 1792, a fire destr... | 7,596 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
Tauroggen of 1812, von Stein's Treaty of Kalisz was signed between Russia and Prussia in 1813, confirming that Prussia now was on the side of the Allies.
After the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, Kalisz became a provincial capital of Congress Poland and then the capital of a province of the Russian Empire. Prussi... | 7,597 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
the outbreak of World War I, the proximity of the border proved disastrous for Kalisz; it was one of the first cities destroyed in 1914. Between 2 and 22 August, Kalisz was shelled and then burned to the ground by German forces under Major Hermann Preusker, even though Russian troops had retreated from the city ... | 7,598 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
city centre had been more or less rebuilt and many of the former inhabitants had been allowed to return.
After the war Kalisz became part of the newly independent Poland. The reconstruction continued and in 1925 a new city hall was opened. In 1939 the population of Kalisz was approximately 89,000. After the Ger... | 7,599 |
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