wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
(General Government) or to Germany as slave workers. In 1945 the population of the city was 43,000 – approximately half the pre-war figure.
Following the war, Jewish Holocaust survivors returned to the city, by 1946 numbering some 500.By the late 1940s only some 100 remained, and those few who stayed blended in... | 7,600 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
the confirmation of the incorporation of the city in 1282. In 1992, Kalisz became the seat of a separate diocese of the Catholic Church.
# Religion.
There are 19 Catholic Churches, 5 Protestant Churches, and one Orthodox Church in Kalisz. Before World War II there were 25,000 Jews in Kalisz, but most of them w... | 7,601 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
University, Poznań University of Economics, and Poznań University of Science and Technology, as well as several other institutions of higher education. It is a home to the Henryk Melcer Music School.
# Economy.
Although there is little heavy industry within the city limits, Kalisz is home to several of large e... | 7,602 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
season
- KKS Kalisz – men's soccer team playing in the III liga.
# Transport.
Kalisz railway station was built in 1902 as the destination of the Warsaw–Kalisz Railway. It is currently served by Przewozy Regionalne and PKP Intercity.
# Notable people from Kalisz.
- Adam Asnyk (1838–1897), poet
- Wojciech Bo... | 7,603 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
Romanticism
- Cyprian Godebski (1765–1809), freedom fighter and a poet
- Avraham Gombiner (1635–1682), Jewish rabbi and scholar
- Adam Hofman (born 1980), politician
- Julian Klemczyński (1807/10–1851), composer
- Augustyn Kordecki (1603–1673), prior of the Jasna Góra Monastery and hero of The Deluge
- Alf... | 7,604 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
Siemion (1928–2010), actor and director
- Zdzisława Sośnicka (born 1945), singer
- Stefan Szolc-Rogoziński (1861–1896), traveller and explorer
- Jerzy Świrski (1882–1959), vice admiral
- Alicja Tchórz (born 1992), swimmer
- Marta Walczykiewicz (born 1987), sprint canoer
- Stanisław Wojciechowski (1869–1953... | 7,605 |
74615 | Kalisz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalisz | Kalisz
olc-Rogoziński (1861–1896), traveller and explorer
- Jerzy Świrski (1882–1959), vice admiral
- Alicja Tchórz (born 1992), swimmer
- Marta Walczykiewicz (born 1987), sprint canoer
- Stanisław Wojciechowski (1869–1953), president of Poland
- Jan Ptaszyn Wróblewski (born 1936), musician
- Iga Wyrwał (born 198... | 7,606 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
Gliwice
Gliwice () is a city in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland. The city is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Kłodnica river (a tributary of the Oder). It lies approximately 25 km west from Katowice, regional capital of the Silesian Voivodeship.
Gliwice is the westernmost city of the Upper Silesian... | 7,607 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
of the major college towns in Poland, thanks to the Silesian University of Technology, which was founded in 1945 by academics of Lwow University of Technology expelled from Soviet Ukraine in 1945-48. Over 20,000 people study in Gliwice. Gliwice is an important industrial center of Poland. Following an economic ... | 7,608 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
by the Red Army in World War II, but it has since been rebuilt and has undergone a major restoration in recent years. Gliwice's most historical structures include (15th century), Gliwice Castle and city walls (14th century), (originally a hospital, 15th century) and (15th century). Gliwice is also known for its... | 7,609 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
Slavic languages, the root "gliw" or "gliv" suggests terrain characterized by loam or wetland. In South Slavic languages, "glive" or "gljive" refers to mushrooms, with "gljivice" meaning little mushrooms.
# History.
## Early history.
Gliwice was first mentioned as a town in 1276 and was ruled during the Midd... | 7,610 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
as Gleiwitz in 1526.
## Early Modern Age.
Because of the vast expenses incurred by the Habsburg Monarchy during their 16th century wars against the Ottoman Empire, Gleiwitz was leased to Friedrich Zettritz for the amount of 14,000 thalers. Although the original lease was for a duration of 18 years, it was ren... | 7,611 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
with Prussia into the German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany. In 1897 Gleiwitz became its own Stadtkreis, or urban district.
## Industrialization.
The first coke-fired blast furnace on the European continent was constructed in Gleiwitz in 1796 under the direction of John Baildon. Gleiwitz beg... | 7,612 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
features of the 19th century industrialized Gleiwitz were a gasworks, a furnace factory, a beer bottling company, and a plant for asphalt and paste. Economically, Gleiwitz opened several banks, Savings and loan associations, and bond centers. Its tram system was completed in 1892, while its theater was opened i... | 7,613 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
and a barracks. Gleiwitz was the center of the mining industry of Upper Silesia. It possessed a royal foundry, with which were connected machine factories and boilerworks. Other industrialized areas of the city had other foundries, meal mills, and factories producing wire, gas pipes, cement, and paper.
After t... | 7,614 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
32,029 votes (78.7% of given votes) were for remaining in Germany, Poland received 8,558 (21.0%) votes, and 113 (0.3%) votes were declared invalid. The total voter turnout was listed as 97.0%. This prompted another insurrection by Poles. The League of Nations determined that three Silesian towns: Gleiwitz, Hind... | 7,615 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
Second World War. From July 1944 to January 1945, Gliwice was the location for one of the many sub-camps of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
On 24 January 1945, Gliwice was occupied by the Red Army as part of their Allied Occupation Zone. Under borders changes dictated by the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Confe... | 7,616 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
to be 2,990 in 1810, 6,415 in 1838, and 10,923 in 1861. A census from 1858 reported the following ethnic makeup: 7,060 - German, 3,566 - Polish, 11 - Moravian, 1 - Czech. Since the Industrial Revolution, Gliwice saw rapid economic growth which fuelled fast population increase. In 1890 Gliwice had 19,667 inhabit... | 7,617 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
Silesia, was incorporated into communist Poland, and the remaining German population was expelled. Ethnic Poles, themselves expelled from the Polish Kresy (which were incorporated into Soviet Union), started to settle down in Gliwice. Population estimates reached their pre-war levels in 1950, at 119,968 people.... | 7,618 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
Gliwice was ethnically diverse, with a German majority. In the Upper Silesian Plebiscite in 1921, 78.9 percent of voters opted for Germany (however 15.1 percent of vote in Gliwice was cast by not-residents, who are believed to overwhelmingly vote for Germany across the region). However in 1945 most of Germans w... | 7,619 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
(18,169 people) and Germans at 1.3 percent (2,525). 0.3 percent declared another nationality, and the nationality of 2.1 percent of people could not be established. These numbers do not sum up to 100 percent as responders were allowed to choose up to two nationalities. Most-common languages used at home were: P... | 7,620 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
Jewish (17.3 percent, highest share in city history).
Currently, as of 2011 census, 84.7 percent of inhabitants claim they belong to a religion. The majority - 82.73 percent - belongs to the Catholic Church. This is significantly lower than the Polish average, which is 89.6 and 88.3 percent, respectively. Acco... | 7,621 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
Gliwice is also the seat of the one of the three Armenian Church parishes in Poland (the other being in Warsaw and Gdańsk), which is subject to the Holy See directly. Other denominations present in the city include: a Greek Catholic Church parish, a Evangelical Church of Augsburg Confession parish, a Methodist ... | 7,622 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
this number has dropped by half to 902 in 1939, most of them perished in the war. Between 1933 and 1937, Jews of Upper Silesia enjoyed somewhat less legal persecution compared to Jews in other parts of Germany, thanks to the Polish-German Treaty of Protection of Minorities' Rights in Upper Silesia. This regiona... | 7,623 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
at around a 1,000 people in 1945. Since then, the number of Jews in Gliwice has started to decline as survivors moved to larger cities or emigrated to Israel, United States and other western counties. Currently, Gliwice's Jewish community is estimated at around 25 people and is part of the Katowice Jewish Relig... | 7,624 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
- German pharmacist, owner of Beiersdorf AG and inventor of Nivea Creme
- Eugen Goldstein (1850-1930) - German physicist, discoverer of anode rays, sometimes credited for discovery of the proton
- Julian Kornhauser, (b. 1946) - Polish poet and father of current first lady Agata Kornhauser-Duda, was born in Gl... | 7,625 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
Szkoła Przedsiębiorczości")
- Polish Academy of Sciences ("Polska Akademia Nauk")
- Institute of Theoretical And Applied Informatics
- Institute of Chemical Engineering
- Carbochemistry branch
- Other (commercial or government funded) applied research centers:
- Oncological Research Center (Centrum Onkolo... | 7,626 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
links the harbour to the Oder River and thus to the waterway network across much of Germany and to the Baltic Sea. There is also an older Kłodnica Canal ("Kanał Kłodnicki") which is no longer operational.
# Sports.
- Piast Gliwice – men's football team playing in Orange Ektraklasa (since season 2008/2009),
-... | 7,627 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
and club.
- Gliwice LIONS - American Football team.
# Politics.
President of the city (i.e. Mayor) is Zygmunt Frankiewicz. Gliwice has 21 city districts, each of them with its own "Rada Osiedlowa". They include in alphabetical order: Bojków, Brzezinka, Czechowice, Kopernik, Ligota Zabrska, Łabędy, Obrońców P... | 7,628 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
Tomasz (PO), Kaźmierczak Jan (PO), Martyniuk Wacław (LiD), Religa Zbigniew (PiS), Sekuła Mirosław (PO), Szarama Wojciech (PiS), Szumilas Krystyna, (PO).
# Buildings.
- The Gliwice Radio Tower of "Radiostacja Gliwicka" ("Radio Station Gliwice") in Szobiszowice is the only remaining radio tower of wood construc... | 7,629 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
relations.
## Twin towns—Sister cities.
Gliwice is twinned with the following cities:
# Notable people.
- John Baildon (1772–1846), Scottish engineer
- Horst Bienek (1930–1990), German author of novels about Upper Silesia
- William Blandowski (1822–1878), German explorer, zoologist, photographer
- Sebast... | 7,630 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
of European Parliament since 2009
- Ernst Degner (1931–1983), German Grand Prix motorcycle racer and designer
- Robert Dziekański, Polish immigrant to Canada who was tasered 5 times and killed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police at Vancouver International Airport
- Gottfried Bermann Fischer (1897–1995), Ger... | 7,631 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
Kelm (1856–1939), architect, important for the enlargement of the town in the 1890s. Famous for the Naval Academy Mürwik in Flensburg-Mürwik.
- Wojciech Kocyan, pianist
- Włodzimierz Lubański (born 1947), Polish football player
- Zbigniew Messner (1929–2014), professor and former rector of Economic Academy i... | 7,632 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
writer
- Zofia Rydet (1911–1997), Polish photographer
- Stanisław Sojka (born 1959), Polish musician
- Oskar Troplowitz (1863–1918), German pharmacist and owner of Beiersdorf AG, inventor of Nivea and other products
- Richard Wetz (1875–1935), German composer
- Erich Peter Wohlfarth (1924–1988), German phy... | 7,633 |
74600 | Gliwice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliwice | Gliwice
incident
# References.
- Um.gliwice.pl
- Web.archive.org
- Jewish Community in Gliwice on Virtual Shtetl
- Polsl.pl
- Gliwice.pl
- Gliwice.com
- Gliwice.zobacz.slask.pl
- Forumgliwice.com
- Gliwice.info.pl
- Aegee-gliwice.org, Travel Guide
# Further reading.
- Max Lamla: "Merkwürdiges aus meinem Le... | 7,634 |
74617 | Mahón | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahón | Mahón
Mahón
Maó-Mahón, sometimes written in English as Mahon () ( , ) is a municipality, the capital city of the island of Menorca, and seat of the . The city is located on the eastern coast of the island, which is part of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands, Spain. Maó-Mahón has one of the largest natura... | 7,635 |
74617 | Mahón | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahón | Mahón
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it became part of the Eastern Empire; it suffered raids from Vikings and Arabs, until the Islamic Caliphate of Córdoba conquered it in 903.
Maó-Mahón was captured in 1287 from the Moors by Alfonso III of Aragon and incorporated into the Kingdom of Majorca, a vassal kin... | 7,636 |
74617 | Mahón | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahón | Mahón
VI, during the War of the Spanish Succession. The British saw the island's potential as a naval base and sought to take full control. Its status as a British possession was confirmed by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. During the island's years as a British dependency, the capital was moved from Ciutadella de Menor... | 7,637 |
74617 | Mahón | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahón | Mahón
took place several miles from the town. After their defeat in the Seven Years' War, France returned the island to the British in 1763. In a joint Franco-Spanish effort and following a long five month invasion, the British surrendered the island again in 1782; It was transferred to Spain in 1783 as part of the Pea... | 7,638 |
74617 | Mahón | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahón | Mahón
small but important Royal Navy Dockyard was established by the British on the north side of the harbour, opposite the town, in 1715. It served as the Royal Navy's principal Mediterranean base for much of the 18th century, and remains in use today as a Spanish Naval station. Several Dockyard buildings, dating from... | 7,639 |
74617 | Mahón | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahón | Mahón
Naval Hospital, founded in 1711, stand on another nearby island (Illa del Rei). They recently have been restored.
## 20th century.
During the Spanish Civil War, the island remained loyal to the Republic, but was captured by the Nationalists in 1939. During the battle to capture the islands from the republicans,... | 7,640 |
74617 | Mahón | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahón | Mahón
century, the renovation of its historic centre was made possible by income from tourism.
A traditional cheese made on the island ("Mahón cheese") is named after the city. Some believe that the origin and name of mayonnaise are found in this Menorcan city. In Spanish "mahón" is also the name of nankeen, especiall... | 7,641 |
74617 | Mahón | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahón | Mahón
educator (1853–1915)
- Nicolau Maria Rubió i Tudurí, architect and writer (1891–1981).
- Marcelino Gavilán Bofill, otorrinolaringologist (1889–1981).
- Francesc de Borja Moll i Casasnovas, linguist and philologist (1903–1991).
- Rafita Gomar Moreno, actor (1984–).
- Sergio Llull, basketball player in Real Ma... | 7,642 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
Koszalin
Koszalin (; , ) is a city in northwestern Poland, in Western Pomerania. It is located south of the Baltic Sea coast, and intersected by the river Dzierżęcinka. Koszalin is also a county-status city and capital of Koszalin County of West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. Previously, it was a capital ... | 7,643 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
the area became part of the Griffin-ruled Duchy of Pomerania, a vassal state of Poland, which later on separated from Poland after the fragmentation of Poland into smaller duchies.
In 1214, Bogislaw II, Duke of Pomerania, made a donation of a village known as Koszalice/Cossalitz by Chełmska Hill in Kołobrzeg ... | 7,644 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
it Lübeck law, local government, autonomy and multiple privileges. When in 1276 the bishops became the sovereign in neighboring Kołobrzeg, they moved their residence there, while the administration of the diocese was done from Koszalin.
The city obtained direct access to the Baltic Sea when it gained the vill... | 7,645 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
a victorious battle against the nearby rival city of Kołobrzeg. In 1475 a conflict between the city of Koszalin and the Pomeranian duke Bogislaw X broke out, resulting in the kidnapping and temporary imprisonment of the duke in Koszalin.
## Modern Age.
As a result of German colonization discriminatory regula... | 7,646 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
constructing a residence. After the 1637 death of the last Pomeranian duke, Bogislaw XIV, the city passed to his cousin, Bishop Ernst Bogislaw von Croÿ of Kammin. Occupied by Swedish troops during the Thirty Years' War in 1637, some of the city's inhabitants sought refuge in nearby Poland. The city was granted... | 7,647 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
a paper mill that supplied numerous city offices. The city was occupied by French troops in 1807 after the War of the Fourth Coalition. Following the Napoleonic wars, it became the capital of Fürstenthum District (county) and Regierungsbezirk Cöslin (government region) within the Province of Pomerania. The Für... | 7,648 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
of Germany. The railroad from Stettin (Szczecin) through "Cöslin" and Stolp (Słupsk) to Danzig (Gdańsk) was constructed from 1858-78. A military cadet school created by Frederick the Great in 1776 was moved from Kulm (Chełmno) to the city in 1890.
After the Nazis had closed down Dietrich Bonhoeffer's seminar ... | 7,649 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
many prisoners of war and forced labourers to the city, mainly Poles, but also Italians and French.
## After World War II.
On 4 March 1945, the city was captured by the Red Army. Under the border changes forced by the Soviet Union in the post-war Potsdam Agreement, Koszalin once again became part of Poland. ... | 7,650 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
plundered local industrial factories in April. From May 1945, life in the destroyed city was being organized, the first post-war schools, shops and service premises were established. In March 1946, the anti-communist Home Army 5th Wilno Brigade was active in Koszalin. In July 1947, the last units of the Soviet... | 7,651 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
Koszalin Voivodeship. In years 1950-75 Koszalin was the capital of the enlarged Koszalin Voivodeship sometimes called Middle Pomerania due to becoming the fastest growing city in Poland. In years 1975-98 it was the capital of the smaller Koszalin Voivodeship.
As a result of the Local Government Reorganization... | 7,652 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
covenant", which was consecrated by Pope John Paul II in 1991, and is currently a pilgrimage site. Also an observation is located on the hill.
Koszalin's most distinctive landmark is the Gothic St. Mary's Cathedral, dating from the early 14th century. Positioned in front of the cathedral is a monument commemo... | 7,653 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
it has a much more moderate climate than the others large Polish cities. The summers are warm and practically never hot as in the south and the winters are often more moderate than the northeast and east, although still cold, yet it is not as mild as Western Europe. Daily averages below freezing point can be f... | 7,654 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
cavalry officer
- Rudolf Clausius (1822–1888) German physicist and mathematician and a founder of thermodynamics
- Karl Adolf Lorenz (1837–1923), conductor, composer and music pedagogue
- Hans Grade (1879–1946), aviation pioneer
- Fritz von Brodowski (1886–1944) a German army general, controversially kille... | 7,655 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
Hans-Joachim Preil (1923–1999), actor and comedian
- Leslie Brent (born 1925), immunologist and zoologist
- Waltraud Nowarra (1940–2007) a German chess player
- Vladimir Berdnikov (born 1946), painter and glass artist
- Mirosław Okoński (born 1958), footballer, played 418 pro games and 29 for Poland
- Kub... | 7,656 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
Paweł Spisak (born 1981) a Polish equestrian, competed at the 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics
- Sebastian Mila (born 1982), footballer
- Joanna Majdan (born 1988), chess player
# Sports.
- AZS Koszalin - men's basketball team, playing in the Polish Basketball League (the top division)
- AZS Poli... | 7,657 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
- Rugby Club Koszalin
- Motorsport - Klub Motor Sport Koszalin
- American Football - Korsarze Koszalin
# Major corporations.
- Zakład Energetyczny Koszalin SA
- Brok Brewery SA
- JAAN Nordglass Autoglass
- TWIP Foundation
# Education.
- Koszalin University of Technology (Politechnika Koszalińska)
- B... | 7,658 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
(Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne Diecezji Koszalińsko-Kołobrzeskiej w Koszalinie)
- Team State School of Music (Zespół Państwowych Szkół Muzycznych im. Grażyny Bacewicz)
- School Arts Team (Zespół Szkół Plastycznych im. Władysława Hasiora)
- 1st. High School Stanisława Dubois (Dubois or colloquially Dibulec)
- ... | 7,659 |
74614 | Koszalin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koszalin | Koszalin
any
- Schwedt, Germany
- Seinäjoki, Finland
- Berlin Tempelhof-Schöneberg, Germany
# See also.
- Museum of Vladimir Vysotsky in Koszalin
# External links.
- Official City Authorities site
- Technical University of Koszalin
- ChefMoz Dining Guide
- Unofficial Forum of Koszalin's Community
- Koszalin ... | 7,660 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
Tarnów
Tarnów (; is a city in southeastern Poland with 109,062 inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of 269,000 inhabitants. The city is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999. From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the str... | 7,661 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
walls, has been fully preserved. Tarnów is also the warmest city of Poland, with the highest long-term mean annual temperature in the whole country.
# Names and etymology.
The first documented mention of the settlement dates back to 1105, spelled as "Tharnow". The name later evolved to "Tarnowo" (1229), "Tarnó... | 7,662 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
Slovakia, Serbia, Bosnia, and North Macedonia. The name "Tarnów" comes from an early Slavic word "trn/tarn", which means "thorn", or an area covered by thorny plants.
# History.
Already in the mid-9th century, on the Tarnów's St. Martin Mount (Góra sw. Marcina, 2.5 kilometers from the centre of today's city), ... | 7,663 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
century, a new gord was established on the Biała river. It was a royal property, which in the late 11th or early 12th century was handed over to the Tyniec Benedictine Abbey. The name Tarnów, with a different spelling, was for the first time mentioned in a document of Papal legate, Cardinal Gilles de Paris (1124... | 7,664 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
rights to Tarnów. In the same year, construction of a castle on the St. Martin Hill was completed by Castellan of Kraków, Spycimir Leliwita of Leliwa coat of arms (its ruins can still be seen).
Tarnów remained in the hands of the Leliwa family, out of which in the 15th century the Tarnowski family emerged. In t... | 7,665 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
population was app. 1,200, with 200 houses located within town's defensive wall (the wall itself had been built in the mid-15th century, and expanded in the early 16th century). In 1467, the waterworks and sewage systems were completed, with large cisterns filled with drinking water built in the main market squa... | 7,666 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The monument of hetman Tarnowski is almost 14 meters tall, and stands in St. Anne Chapel, which is located in northern nave of the Tarnów Cathedral. Padovano completed his work in 1573; furthermore, he designed the Renaissance town hall, and oversaw its remodeling in the 1560s. At... | 7,667 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
to different families, which slowed its development. Until the Partitions of Poland, Tarnów belonged to the County of Pilzno, Sandomierz Voivodeship. The town, like almost all locations of Lesser Poland, was devastated in October 1655, during the Swedish invasion of Poland, and as a result, its population declin... | 7,668 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
the seat of a county (German: kreis), and of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarnów (1783). On 14 March 1794, Józef Bem was born in Tarnów. In the 1830s, under the influence of events in Congress Poland (see November Uprising), Tarnów emerged as a center of Polish conspiratorial organizations. Plans for a national... | 7,669 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
down.
Tarnów went through the period of quick development in the second half of the 19th century, due to the program of construction of railway system. In 1852, the town received rail connection with Kraków, due to the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis, and in 1870, its population was 21,779. In 1878, ... | 7,670 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
from Tarnów and its area. On 10 November 1914, units of the Russian Imperial Army captured Tarnów, and remained in the city until 6 May 1915 (see Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive). In the early stages of the offensive, Tarnów was shelled by German-Austrian heavy artillery, which brought destruction to some of its distri... | 7,671 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
Witos. In early 1927, construction of a large chemical plant was initiated in the suburban village of Świerczków "", which is now a part of the industrial borough of Mościce, a district of the city. Before the outbreak of World War II, the population of Tarnów was 40,000, of which almost half were Jewish.
## 19... | 7,672 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
14 June 1940, the first mass transport left the Tarnów station to Auschwitz concentration camp, with 728 Polish political prisoners. All throughout the German occupation of Poland Tarnów was an important center of the Armia Krajowa (AK) and other resistance organizations. In the mid-1944, AK's 16th Infantry Regi... | 7,673 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
War II, about 25,000 Jews lived in Tarnów. Jews, whose recorded presence in the town went back to the mid-15th century, comprised about half of the town's total population. A large portion of Jewish business in Tarnów was devoted to garment and hat manufacturing. The Jewish community was ideologically diverse an... | 7,674 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
large influx of refugees from elsewhere in occupied Poland continued to increase the town's Jewish population. In early November, the Germans ordered the establishment of a Jewish council (Judenrat) to transmit orders and regulations to the Jewish community. Among the duties of the Jewish council were enforcemen... | 7,675 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
June 1942, when about 13,500 Jews were sent to the Belzec extermination camp. The first major act in the extermination of the Jews of Tarnów was the so-called "first operation" from 11–19 June 1942. The Germans gathered thousands of Jews in the Rynek (market place), and then they were tortured and killed. During... | 7,676 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
little stairs) from the town-center to the Bernardynski street (where the Bernardine Monastery is located), had to be cleaned of the blood by the local fire brigade for three days.
After the June deportations, the Germans forced the surviving Jews of Tarnów, along with thousands of Jews from neighboring towns, ... | 7,677 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
they were subjected to a 'selection' in which those deemed 'non-essential' were singled out for deportation to Belzec. About 8,000 people were deported. Thereafter, deportations from Tarnów to extermination camps continued sporadically; the Germans deported a group of 2,500 in November 1942.
## Holocaust resist... | 7,678 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
with limited success. The Germans decided to destroy the Tarnów ghetto in September 1943. The surviving 10,000 Jews were deported, 7,000 of them to Auschwitz and 3,000 to the Plaszow concentration camp in Kraków. In late 1943, Tarnów was declared "free of Jews" (Judenrein). By the end of the war, the overwhelmin... | 7,679 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
of Mościce, built in the late 1920s, together with a large chemical plant. The district was named after President of Poland, Ignacy Mościcki.
## Climate.
Tarnów is one of the warmest cities in Poland. The average temperature in January is and in July. It is claimed that Tarnów has the longest summer in Poland ... | 7,680 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
plants (Fritar), building materials (Leier Polska S.A., Bruk-Bet), textiles (Spółdzielnia "Tarnowska Odzież, Tarnospin, Tarkonfex"), and several warehouses, as well as a distribution center of the Lidl supermarket chain. Tarnów is an important center of natural gas industry, with headquarters of three different ... | 7,681 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
road and rail hub. It lies at the intersection of two major roads – the motorway along European route E40, and the National Road nr. 73, which goes from Kielce to Jasło. Furthermore, the city is a rail junction, with four lines: three main electrified routes (westward to Kraków, eastward to Dębica and southward ... | 7,682 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
a gallery of modern art, the only such gallery located in a rail station in Poland. Tarnów also has three additional stations: Tarnów Mościce, as well as Tarnów Północny and Tarnów Klikowa, both of which are currently out of service.
The city's public transport system consists of 29 municipal bus routes, which ... | 7,683 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
PiS. Member of the European Parliament elected in 2007 was Urszula Gacek, PO, EPP-ED.
# Tourism.
Tarnow is an important tourist, cultural and economic center in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The old town of Tarnow, called the "pearl of the Polish Renaissance", is one of the most beautiful examples of the Renaissa... | 7,684 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
rooms/8 beds).
Tourist Information Center
- Rynek 7, 33–100 Tarnów, phone: +48 14 688 90 90, mobile: 698 633 421 Tourist Information Center V-IX: mon-fri 8–20, sat-sun 9–17; X-IV: mon-fri 8–18, sat-sun 9–17.
# Attractions.
Points of interest around the city include:
- Market Square in the Old Town, with med... | 7,685 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
century Florencki House,
- 18th and 19th century manor houses in the suburbs,
- Jewish Cemetery, founded in 1583,
- Old Cemetery (late 18th century),
- Sanguszko Palace at Gumniska,
- Railway Station (1855),
- City Park (1866),
- Mausoleum of Józef Bem,
- Roman Catholic churches, such as the Tarnów Cathe... | 7,686 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
called Jaskółki (Swallows)
- ZKS Unia Tarnów – Zakładowy Klub Sportowy Unia Tarnów (Workplace Sports Club United Tarnów) – Soccer team, currently in the I League in the "Polska Liga" 2005/2006 season.
- Tarnovia Tarnów – Soccer team, also in II League in the "Polska Liga" 2005/2006 season.
- Unia Wisła Paged ... | 7,687 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
War II there was a large population of Jews comprising half of the city's population, but now there remain just monuments of their past presence.
According to 2007 Catholic Church statistics provided by the Instytut Statystyki Kościoła Katolickiego SAC, Tarnów is the most religious city in Poland, with 72.5% of... | 7,688 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
Casalmaggiore in Italy
- Veszprém in Hungary
- Nowy Sącz in Poland
- Kotlas in Russia
- Ternopil in Ukraine
- Bila Tserkva in Ukraine
- Vinnytsia in Ukraine
# Notable residents.
- Józef Bem (1794–1850), general
- Roman Brandstaetter (1906–1987), writer
- Józef Cyrankiewicz (1911–1989), Prime Minister o... | 7,689 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
son of Israel Mendel Keller
- Leon Kellner (1859–?), Jewish scholar
- Mateusz Klich (born 1990), footballer
- Tadeusz Klimecki (1895–1943), Chief of Polish General Staff
- (1883–1957), Argentinian Jewish Photographer
- Andrzej Krasicki (1918–1995), film and theatre actor and theatre director
- Krystyna Kup... | 7,690 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
(born 1970), motorcycle speedway rider, honorable resident (since 22 June 2006)
- Eustachy Stanisław Sanguszko (1842–1903), nobleman, conservative politician
- Wilhelm Sasnal (born 1972), painter
- Jan Szczepanik (1872–1926), inventor
- Jan Tarnowski (1488–1561), nobleman and Hetman
- Jan of Tarnów (c.1349–... | 7,691 |
74613 | Tarnów | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarnów | Tarnów
2006)
- Eustachy Stanisław Sanguszko (1842–1903), nobleman, conservative politician
- Wilhelm Sasnal (born 1972), painter
- Jan Szczepanik (1872–1926), inventor
- Jan Tarnowski (1488–1561), nobleman and Hetman
- Jan of Tarnów (c.1349–1409)
- Jan of Tarnów (1367–1433)
- Rafał z Tarnowa (c. 1330–1373)
- Ra... | 7,692 |
74555 | Acne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acne | Acne
Acne
Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin. It is characterized by blackheads or whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and possible scarring. It primarily affects areas of the skin with a relatively high numb... | 7,693 |
74555 | Acne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acne | Acne
In both sexes, hormones called androgens appear to be part of the underlying mechanism, by causing increased production of sebum. Another frequent factor is excessive growth of the bacterium "Cutibacterium acnes", which is normally present on the skin.
Many treatment options for acne are available, including life... | 7,694 |
74555 | Acne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acne | Acne
to antibiotics may develop as a result of antibiotic therapy. Several types of birth control pills help against acne in women. Isotretinoin pills are usually reserved for severe acne due to greater potential side effects. Early and aggressive treatment of acne is advocated by some in the medical community to decre... | 7,695 |
74555 | Acne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acne | Acne
Although acne becomes less common in adulthood, it persists in nearly half of affected people into their twenties and thirties and a smaller group continue to have difficulties into their forties.
# Classification.
The severity of acne vulgaris (Gr. ἀκµή, "point" + L. vulgaris, "common") can be classified as mil... | 7,696 |
74555 | Acne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acne | Acne
and pustules occur on the face compared to mild cases of acne and are found on the trunk of the body. Severe acne is said to occur when nodules (the painful 'bumps' lying under the skin) are the characteristic facial lesions and involvement of the trunk is extensive.
Large nodules were previously referred to as c... | 7,697 |
74555 | Acne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acne | Acne
refer to the skin conditions hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and rosacea. Although HS shares certain common features with acne vulgaris, such as a tendency to clog skin follicles with skin cell debris, the condition otherwise lacks the defining features of acne and is therefore considered a distinct skin disorder.
... | 7,698 |
74555 | Acne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acne | Acne
and are estimated to affect 95% of people with acne vulgaris. The scar is created by abnormal healing following this dermal inflammation. Scarring is most likely to take place with severe acne, but may occur with any form of acne vulgaris. Acne scars are classified based on whether the abnormal healing response fo... | 7,699 |
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