type stringclasses 1 value | question stringlengths 13 210 | answer stringlengths 5 521 | ideal_answer stringlengths 9 22.1k | documents listlengths 1 133 | snippets listlengths 0 125 | asq_challenge int64 5 13 | folder_name stringclasses 6 values | concepts listlengths 0 23 ⌀ | triples listlengths 0 4.35k ⌀ | id stringlengths 24 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid | What is the target of the drug Olmesartan? | ['angiotensin II receptor'] | ['Olmesartan (OL) is the pharmacologically active metabolite of Olmesartan medoxomil (OM), an FDA-approved angiotensin II receptor antagonist for administrating cardiovascular diseases'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29872491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30217371"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414040",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "Olmesartan (OL) is the pharmacologically active metabolite of Olmesartan medoxomil (OM), an FDA-approved angiotens... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e808ef4835f4e477700002a |
factoid | In which cells does TLR7 escape X-chromosome inactivation? | ['immune cells'] | ['The tlr7 gene encodes by an x chromosome locus. Tlr7 is encoded by an x-chromosome inactivation in immune cells from women and klinefelter syndrome patients.', 'TLR7 evades silencing by X chromosome inactivation in immune cells.', 'TLR7 escape X-chromosome inactivation by RNA polymerase II (ChIP-seq) DNA methylation to produce active TLR7 in immune cells', 'TLR7 escape X-chromosome inactivation by becoming activated in response to DNA damage caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations on the X chromosome. In addition, TLR7 expression can also be observed in a dose-dependent manner in immune cells, such as epithelial cells, monocytes and macrophages.', 'immune cells', 'TLR7 is encoded by an X chromosome locus, and we examined here whether the TLR7 gene evades silencing by X chromosome inactivation in immune cells from women and Klinefelter syndrome males'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16887967",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29374079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30276444"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29374079",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 417,
"offsetInEndSection": 606,
"text": " TLR7 is encoded by an X chromosome locus, and we examined here whether the TLR7 gene evades silencing by X chro... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d38767ca1e159510500000b |
factoid | Which tool has been developed for prediction of single-cell DNA methylation states using deep learning? | ['DeepCpG'] | ['DeepCpG is a computational approach based on deep neural networks to predict methylation states in single cells. By evaluating DeepCpG on single-cell methylation data from five cell types generated using alternative sequencing protocols it turns out that DeepCpG yields substantially more accurate predictions than previous methods.', 'DeepCpG is a computational approach based on deep neural networks to predict single-cell DNA methylation states in single cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28395661"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28395661",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 87,
"text": "DeepCpG: accurate prediction of single-cell DNA methylation states using deep learning."
},
{
"beginSection": "ab... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e52a7b66d0a277941000045 |
factoid | When was vaxchora first licensed by the FDA? | ['10 June 2016'] | ['Vaxchora was licensed by the FDA on June 10 2016.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27425792"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27425792",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 965,
"offsetInEndSection": 1108,
"text": "After a decade in obscurity it (Vaxchora) has resurfaced again, now produced in the U.S. and equipped with a U.... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e7644a2c6a8763d23000014 |
factoid | What is the active ingredient of Eligard? | ['Leuprorelin acetate'] | ['The active ingredient of Eligard is leuprorelin acetate.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197875"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197875",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "Efficacy and Tolerability of Leuprorelin Acetate (Eligard®) in Daily Practice in Germany: Pooled Data from 2 Prospective... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e7745ea835f4e4777000006 |
factoid | Which company produces Eligard? | ['Astellas Pharma GmbH'] | ['Eligard is produced by Astellas Pharma GmbH.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197875"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197875",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 242,
"text": "We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 3- and 6-month leuprorelin acetate (LA) depot formulations (Eligard... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e776443835f4e4777000008 |
factoid | Which type of distance is used in the R-package XenofilteR? | ['Edit-distance'] | ['The R-package XenofilteR separates mouse from human sequence reads based on the edit-distance between a sequence read and reference genome.', 'XenofilteR separates mouse from human sequence reads based on the edit-distance between a sequence read and reference genome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30286710"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30286710",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "XenofilteR: computational deconvolution of mouse and human reads in tumor xenograft sequence data."
},
{
"beginSe... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e52be146d0a27794100004a |
factoid | How many copies of TP53 does the elephant genome contain? | ['20'] | [' Here, we show that the elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and that the increase in TP53 copy number occurred coincident with the evolution of large body sizes, the evolution of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive TP53 signaling pathway in the elephant (Proboscidean) lineage. While humans have 1 copy (2 alleles) of TP53, African elephants have at least 20 copies (40 alleles), including 19 retrogenes (38 alleles) with evidence of transcriptional activity measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.', ' Here, we show that the elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and that the increase in TP53 copy number occurred coincident with the evolution of large body sizes, the evolution of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive TP53 signaling pathway in the elephant (Proboscidean) lineage. While humans have 1 copy (2 alleles) of TP53, African elephants have at least 20 copies (40 alleles), including 19 retrogenes (38 alleles) with evidence of transcriptional activity measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.', 'Here, we show that the elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and that the increase in TP53 copy number occurred coincident with the evolution of large body sizes, the evolution of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive TP53 signaling pathway in the elephant (Proboscidean) lineage. While humans have 1 copy (2 alleles) of TP53, African elephants have at least 20 copies (40 alleles), including 19 retrogenes (38 alleles) with evidence of transcriptional activity measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.', '20', 'Here, we show that the elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and that the increase in TP53 copy number occurred coincident with the evolution of large body sizes, the emergence of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive TP53 signaling pathway.', 'While humans have 1 copy (2 alleles) of TP53, African elephants have at least 20 copies (40 alleles), including 19 retrogenes (38 alleles) with evidence of transcriptional activity measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.', 'In the elephant genome, TP53 is encoded by 20 copies.', 'Here, we show that the elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and that the increase in TP53 copy number occurred coincident with the evolution of large body sizes, the evolution of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive TP53 signaling pathway in the elephant (Proboscidean) lineage.', 'The elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene tp53 and that the evolution of large body sizes, the evolves of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive tp53 signaling pathway in the elephant (proboscidean) lineage have at least 20 copies (40 alleles), including 19 retrogenes (38 alleles) with evidence of transcriptional activity measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27642012",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26447779"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27642012",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 246,
"offsetInEndSection": 578,
"text": "Here, we show that the elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and that the increase... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d388535a1e1595105000018 |
factoid | Which company originally developed the drug Afrezza? | ['MannKind Corporation'] | ['The inhaled insulin Technosphere, also known as Afrezza is produced by the MannKind Corporation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20462282"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20462282",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 605,
"offsetInEndSection": 882,
"text": "MannKind Corporation has developed a powder formulation of insulin that allows for a high percentage of the admi... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e776a75835f4e477700000d |
factoid | Which tool exist for predicting drug synergy with deep learning? | ['DeepSynergy'] | ['Deep Learning has had an impact in many research areas by achieving new state-of-the-art model performance. DeepSynergy has been developed as a tool that uses chemical and genomic information as input information, a normalization strategy to account for input data heterogeneity, and conical layers to model drug synergies.', 'DeepSynergy is an online tool for predicting drug synergy with deep learning. It is a method for predicting anti-cancer drug synergy based on a semi-supervised learning algorithm that is trained on a corpus of k-nearest neighbor data and combines pharmacological, structural and pharmacological features extracted from a large variety of biological datasets.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29253077"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29253077",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 68,
"text": "DeepSynergy: predicting anti-cancer drug synergy with Deep Learning."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docum... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2b00bc76af173751000004 |
factoid | Which cloud-based platform has been developed for comparing GWAS? | ['easyGWAS'] | ['EasyGWAS is a cloud-based platform for comparing the results of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS).', 'The ever- growing availability of high-quality genotypes for a multitude of species has enabled researchers to explore the underlying genetic architecture of complex phenotypes at an unprecedented level of detail using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The systematic comparison of results obtained from GWAS of different traits opens up new possibilities, including the analysis of pleiotropic effects. In order to facilitate the simple comparison of GWAS results, easyGWAS has been developed as a powerful, species-independent online resource for computing, storing, sharing, annotating, and comparing GWAS.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986896"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986896",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "easyGWAS: A Cloud-Based Platform for Comparing the Results of Genome-Wide Association Studies."
},
{
"beginSectio... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e52add36d0a277941000047 |
factoid | What delivery system is used for the Fluzone Intradermal vaccine? | ['Microinjection system for intradermal vaccine delivery'] | ['Fluzone was the first influenza vaccine licensed in the USA that uses a new microinjection system for intradermal delivery of vaccines (Soluvia(tm), Becton Dickinson).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22149703"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22149703",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 247,
"text": "On May 9 2011, the US FDA approved Sanofi Pasteur's Fluzone(®) Intradermal influenza vaccine, the first influenza ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e7f5d83835f4e4777000017 |
factoid | How long in bp is the human pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2)? | ['320kbp'] | ['The human pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2), which is located in the long arm of chromosome 9 (LTR6B) and consists of 32 exons, is320-kb long.', 'The 320-kb human pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2) at the tips of the long arms of the X and Y chromosomes is thought to have been duplicated onto the Y chromosome recently in primate evolution', 'The human pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2) is 320-kb long.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25375121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2847916",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2885758",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18660847",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12566406"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25375121",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 281,
"text": "The human sex chromosomes differ in sequence, except for the pseudoautosomal regions (PAR) at the terminus of the ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d387f24a1e1595105000013 |
factoid | What is another name for acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD)? | ['Niemann-Pick disease type A and type B'] | ['Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency(ASMD) is also known as Niemann-Pick disease type A and type B.', 'Historically, ASMD has been classified as Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) types A (NPD A) and B (NPD B). The clinical spectrum distinguishes a severe infantile neurological form (type A), a non-neurological visceral form (type B) and a rare intermediate neurovisceral form.', 'Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is an autosomal recessive disease with a clinical spectrum ranging from a neurovisceral infantile form (Niemann-Pick disease type A) to a chronic visceral form also encountered in adults (Niemann-Pick disease type B, NP-B)', 'niemann-pick disease'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27884455",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28259515",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27340749",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28801223",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22614361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30795770",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27884455",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 276,
"text": "Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is an autosomal recessive disease with a clinical spectrum ranging from a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e36dc8cb5b409ea5300000d |
factoid | What rare disease is associated with a mutation in the GPC6 gene on chromosome 13? | ['omodysplasia'] | [' The proband had normal molecular analysis of the glypican 6 gene (GPC6), which was recently reported as a candidate for autosomal recessive omodysplasia', 'The proband had normal molecular analysis of the glypican 6 gene (GPC6), which was recently reported as a candidate for autosomal recessive omodysplasia', 'The glypican 6 gene (GPC6), which was recently reported as a candidate for autosomal recessive omodysplasia.', 'Omodysplasia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a frequency of 1 in 50,000 newborn, and is associated with mutations in the GPC6 gene on chromosome 13.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458798",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19481194"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458798",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 215,
"offsetInEndSection": 368,
"text": " The proband had normal molecular analysis of the glypican 6 gene (GPC6), which was recently reported as a candi... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e3da25848dab47f26000004 |
factoid | What gene is mutated in Huntington's Disease patients? | ['HTT gene encoding the protein huntingtin'] | ["Huntington's disease (HD) is a fully penetrant neurodegenerative disease caused by a dominantly inherited CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene HTT encoding the Huntingtin protein on chromosome 4.", "Huntington's disease (HD; OMIM 143100), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by an expanded trinucleotide CAG (polyQ) motif in the huntingtin gene.", '(HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the HTT gene.', "Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the HTT gene."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27221146",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12046502",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28986324",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30850940",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26369532",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28817209",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28817209",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "Huntington's disease (HD) is a fully penetrant neurodegenerative disease caused by a dominantly inherited CAG trin... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e31cb85fbd6abf43b00004e |
factoid | How many genes belong to the KRAB-ZNF family in the human genome? | ['70'] | ['The KRAB-ZNF family is a multisubunit protein family comprised of 70 co-regulated genes, denoted KLR1-ZNF15, that is represented by multigene families in the human genome.', 'There are 70 human KRAB-ZNFs.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19695231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23253430",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30444046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29198826",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20573777"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19695231",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 344,
"offsetInEndSection": 476,
"text": "By mammalian one- or two-hybrid experiments in HEK293 cells, we compared transcriptional repression activities o... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d31b847b3a6380763000002 |
factoid | Which molecule is targeted by Asciminib? | ['BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase'] | ['Asciminib is an orally administered allosteric inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30927708",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28329763",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29568367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31826340",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31006307",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29325229",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29522367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1091,
"offsetInEndSection": 1265,
"text": "Asciminib, an allosteric ABL1 inhibitor, could demonstrate a higher capacity in overcoming common TKIs resista... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e30e80bfbd6abf43b00003b |
factoid | What is the trade name of sildenafil? | ['Viagra'] | ['The trade name of sildenafil is Viagra.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25984278"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25984278",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 289,
"text": "Chronic drug abuse and sexual dysfunction specifically erectile dysfunction may lead drug abusers to seek over-th... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e499e266d0a27794100000c |
factoid | How large is the SARS-CoV proteome? | ['The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome is predicted to encode 14 functional open reading frames, leading to the expression of up to 30 structural and non-structural protein products.'] | ['The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome is predicted to encode 14 functional open reading frames, leading to the expression of up to 30 structural and non-structural protein products.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15253436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17520018"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17520018",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 212,
"text": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome is predicted to encode 14 functional open read... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5b6f04b761aafe0900000e |
factoid | Are male or female persons more prone to autoimmunity? | ['Female'] | ['Sex hormones have long been implicated in autoimmune diseases because women account for 80% of cases.', 'Sex hormones have long been implicated in autoimmune diseases because women account for 80% of cases. Most recently, sex chromosome abnormalities and skewed X chromosome inactivation have been suggested as novel players, particularly in later-onset diseases.', 'Sex hormones have long been implicated in autoimmune diseases because women account for 80% of cases. Examples of this autoimmune dimorphism include (but are not limited to) lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis with the two former more prevalent in females than males and the latter more severe during pregnancy. Most recently, sex chromosome abnormalities and skewed X chromosome inactivation have been suggested as novel players, particularly in later-onset diseases.', 'females', 'Sex hormones have long been implicated in autoimmune diseases because women account for 80% of cases. Sex hormone expression is altered among patients with autoimmune disease, and this variation of expression contributes to immune dysregulation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17108242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25956531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30394940",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18603021",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/508371",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1958563",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/508371",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 594,
"offsetInEndSection": 683,
"text": " Estrogens cause a marked acceleration of autoimmunity and a reduction in thymus weight. "
},
{
"beginSect... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5cebf83ea49efeb44c00000a |
factoid | Which is the phenotype of the disease fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva? | ['3.\tFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a congenital heterotopic ossification (HO) syndrome caused by gain-of-function mutations of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor ACVR1, manifests with progressive ossification of skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints.'] | ['Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a congenital heterotopic ossification (HO) syndrome caused by gain-of-function mutations of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor ACVR1, manifests with progressive ossification of skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29033382",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26049728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27881824"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29033382",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder in which heterotopic bone forms in ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5b8b4e752ebcdc7a000001 |
factoid | What does the boxed warning of pimavanserin say? | ['Risk of death associated with antipsychotic use in elderly patients with dementia'] | ['Pimavanserin bears a boxed warning about the risk of death associated with antipsychotic use in elderly patients with dementia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28493654"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28493654",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1819,
"offsetInEndSection": 1953,
"text": "Pimavanserin bears the same boxed warning about the risk of death associated with antipsychotic use in elderly... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2dbd72fbd6abf43b000018 |
factoid | What is dystopia canthorum? | ['a prominent broad nasal root with increased intercanthal distance.'] | ['Dystopia canthorum is defined as a prominent broad nasal root with increased intercanthal distance.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21915450",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25224968",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14166458"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21915450",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 200,
"offsetInEndSection": 262,
"text": "dystopia canthorum (lateral displacement of the inner canthi)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"do... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e361c8792b3349b55000001 |
factoid | How many annotated conserved human lncRNAs come from ancestral protein-coding genes? | ['55'] | ['~ 55', '~ 55 annotated conserved human lncRNAs are derived from parts of ancestral protein-coding genes, and loss of coding potential is thus a non-negligible source of new lncRNAs. Some lncRNAs inherited regulatory elements influencing transcription and translation from their protein-coding ancestors and those elements can influence the expression breadth and functionality of these lncRNAs.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28854954"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28854954",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 478,
"offsetInEndSection": 1503,
"text": "These lncRNAs have specific characteristics, such as broader expression domains, that set them apart from other... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e4940f46d0a277941000004 |
factoid | What is the LINCS Program? | ['NIH-funded program to generate a library of integrated, network-based, cellular signatures'] | ['The Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) is an NIH Common Fund program that catalogs how human cells globally respond to chemical, genetic, and disease perturbations.', 'The National Institutes of Health library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is generating extensive multidimensional data sets, including biochemical, genome-wide transcriptional, and phenotypic cellular response signatures to a variety of small-molecule and genetic perturbations with the goal of creating a sustainable, widely applicable, and readily accessible systems biology knowledge resource.', 'To fill this gap, recently, the LINCS program generated almost 1.3 million profiles for over 40,000 drug and genetic perturbations for over 70 different human cell types, including meta information about the experimental conditions and cell lines The Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is a national consortium funded by the NIH to generate a diverse and extensive reference library of cell-based perturbation-response signatures, along with novel data analytics tools to improve our understanding of human diseases at the systems level', 'The National Institutes of Health Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is generating extensive multidimensional data sets, including biochemical, genome-wide transcriptional, and phenotypic cellular response signatures to a variety of small-molecule and genetic perturbations with the goal of creating a sustainable, widely applicable, and readily accessible systems biology knowledge resource. To fill this gap, recently, the LINCS program generated almost 1.3 million profiles for over 40,000 drug and genetic perturbations for over 70 different human cell types, including meta information about the experimental conditions and cell lines', 'The library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is a national consortium funded by the NIH to generate a diverse and extensive reference library of cell-based perturbation-response signatures, along with novel data tools to improve our understanding of human diseases at the systems level.', 'The Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is a national consortium funded by the NIH to generate a diverse and extensive reference library of cell-based perturbation-response signatures, along with novel data analytics tools to improve our understanding of human diseases at the systems level. It has generated almost 1.3 million profiles for over 40,000 drug and genetic perturbations for over 70 different human cell types, including meta information about the experimental conditions and cell lines.', 'The Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) is an NIH Common Fund program that catalogs how human cells globally respond to chemical, genetic, and disease perturbations The Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is a national consortium funded by the NIH to generate a diverse and extensive reference library of cell-based perturbation-response signatures, along with novel data analytics tools to improve our understanding of human diseases at the systems level'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29122012",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29199020",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29140462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24518066",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27187605",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29322930",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24518066",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 429,
"text": "The National Institutes of Health Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is gener... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5cea52c7a49efeb44c000005 |
factoid | What is the protein product of the gene GBA2? | ['The GBA2 gene encodes the non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase (NLGase), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to ceramide and glucose.'] | ['The GBA2 gene encodes the non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase (NLGase), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to ceramide and glucose.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29524657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29234271",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30308956"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29524657",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 907,
"offsetInEndSection": 934,
"text": "b-glucosidase 2 gene (GBA2)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5bab131af46fc130000001 |
factoid | What has pimavanserin been approved for by the FDA (2018)? | ["hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis"] | ["Pimavanserin was approved for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28493654"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28493654",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 251,
"text": "To summarize the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) review of the safety and effectiveness for pimavanseri... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2dbc55fbd6abf43b000016 |
factoid | Which diagnostic test is approved for coronavirus infection screening? | ['real-time reverse transcription-PCR'] | ['Real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) is mostly used as the lab test for screening coronaviral infection.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14707219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191331",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14522060"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191331",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 447,
"offsetInEndSection": 845,
"text": ": In this study, we present two real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays for i... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5b8170b761aafe09000010 |
factoid | Which molecule is inhibited by encorafenib? | ['BRAF'] | ['Encorafenib is a BRAF inhibitor. It is a promising therapy for metastatic or inoperable melanoma with a BRAF mutation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31050693",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27116335",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31114933",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28640105",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29326440",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30122982",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29155017",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "Encorafenib (LGX818) is a promising BRAFV600E inhibitor that has efficacy against metastatic melanoma. "
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e319789fbd6abf43b00004a |
factoid | What is the chromosomal location of the LDL receptor gene associated with autosomal dominant Familial Hypercholesterolemia? | ['short arm of chromosome 19'] | ['Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inherited metabolic disorder resulting in advanced vascular atherosclerosis and premature death, primarily from coronary artery disease. The primary defect is a mutation in the gene encoding for the plasma LDL receptor located on the short arm of chromosome 19', 'Mutations in the LDLr gene (LDLR), which is located on chromosome 19, cause familial hypercholesterolemia', 'The chromosomal location of the LDL receptor gene associated with autosomal dominant Familial Hypercholesterolemia is chromosome 19q13.3.', 'Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inherited metabolic disorder resulting in advanced vascular atherosclerosis and premature death, primarily from coronary artery disease. The primary defect is a mutation in the gene encoding for the plasma LDL receptor located on the short arm of chromosome 19.', 'The primary defect is a mutation in the gene encoding for the plasma LDL receptor located on the short arm of chromosome 19.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15717219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9016531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7585875"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15717219",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 321,
"text": "Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inherited metabolic disorder resulting in advanced vas... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e31cceafbd6abf43b000052 |
factoid | What molecules are the multidrug transporter MDR3 targeting? | ['Multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein 3 (MDR3) is a phospholipid translocator'] | ['Multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein 3 (MDR3) is a phospholipid translocator.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30222019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30079523",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29895698"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30222019",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 74,
"text": "Multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein 3 (MDR3) is a phospholipid translocator"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5b626fb761aafe0900000c |
factoid | What bacteria is associated with Gastric cancer and peptic ulcers? | ['helicobacter pylori'] | ['Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterial pathogen that colonizes the stomachs of more than half of all humans, is linked to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer.', 'Peptic ulcer and gastric cancer are caused by the same bacteria, Helicobacter pylori.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7886456",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29764950",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432909",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15610081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25539656",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16583309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432909",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacteria infecting numerous people all over the world. It has b... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e3c6c9eb5b409ea53000022 |
factoid | What is the purpose of the 123 dihydrorhodamine assay? | ['cell respiratory burst', 'oxidative burst'] | ['detection of inheritance pattern in thirty-three mexican males with chronic granulomatous disease', 'Dihydrorhodamine assays measure oxidative bursts and are used to quantify cell activation via respiratory bursts. Nitroblue-tetrazolium dye reduction test and 123 dihydro-rhodamine assay by flow cytometry are the screening tests for Chronic Granulomatous Disease.', 'Dihydrorhodamine assay (DRB) is a simple, reliable, and valid method for studying oxidative stress, in particular oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species.', 'We detected the female relatives within the families of male patients with CGD, and carried out the 123 dihydrorhodamine (DHR) assay in all female participants. Detection of inheritance pattern in thirty-three Mexican males with chronic granulomatous disease through 123 dihydrorhodamine assay.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23826567",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26865172",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19404956",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15331626",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25262961",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24890515",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15331626",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 704,
"offsetInEndSection": 822,
"text": " detectable activation event and oxidative burst by the dihydrorhodamine assay, as a late, detectable activation... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d387aa8a1e159510500000f |
factoid | What is the mode of action of filgotinib? | ['JAK1 inhibitor'] | ["Filgotinib is an oral selective Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor. It has been tested in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Chroni's disease, and has been shown to be effective.", "Filgotinib (GLPG0634) is a selective inhibitor of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) currently in development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease.", 'Filgotinib is an oral selective JAK inhibitor. It works by inhibiting JAK1.', 'Filgotinib (GLPG0634) is a selective inhibitor of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1).', "Filgotinib (GS-6034, formerly GLPG0634) is an oral, selective Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor that showed early response and sustained efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and with Crohn's disease. Effect of filgotinib, a selective JAK 1 inhibitor, with and without methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: patient-reported outcomes.", "Filgotinib is an oral selective JAK1 inhibitor. It has been tested in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Chroni's disease, and has been shown to be safe and efficacious.", 'Efficacy and safety of filgotinib, a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor,', 'Selective inhibition of JAK-1 with filgotinib shows initial efficacy in RA with an encouraging safety profile in these exploratory studies. The selectivity of filgotinib for JAK1 may have theoretical advantages in terms of limiting toxicity.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30088677",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30360969",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27993829",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27993828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622463",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30360970",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25681059",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 27,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "Filgotinib (GLPG0634) is a selective inhibitor of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) currently in development for the treatmen... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5cd96f33a49efeb44c000004 |
factoid | Is Huntington's disease caused by a dominate or recessive gene? | ['dominant'] | ["Huntington's Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease", "Huntington's disease is caused by an autosomal dominant gene.", "Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited NDD caused by autosomal-dominant expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat mutation in the gene coding for Huntingtin (Htt)."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413175",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31286142",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2881213",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22119622",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25356969",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28927719",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 252,
"text": "Huntington's Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual deterioratio... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e31cbd4fbd6abf43b00004f |
factoid | What is the genetic basis for Cornelia de Lange's syndrome? | ['Mutations in genes that are associated with cohesin'] | ['Mutations in five genes (NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and HDAC8), all regulators or structural components of cohesin, have been identified.', 'Approximately 60% of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) cases are due to NIPBL mutations, 5% caused by mutations in SMC1A, RAD21, and HDAC8 and one proband was found to carry a mutation in SMC3. Mutations in five genes (NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and HDAC8), all regulators or structural components of cohesin, have been identified.', 'Mutations in five genes (NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and HDAC8), all regulators or structural components of cohesin, have been identified. 60% of CdLS cases are due to NIPBL mutations, 5% caused by mutations in SMC1A, RAD21, and HDAC8 and one proband was found to carry a mutation in SMC3.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24038889"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24038889",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 372,
"offsetInEndSection": 510,
"text": "Mutations in five genes (NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and HDAC8), all regulators or structural components of cohes... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5cebeb82a49efeb44c000009 |
factoid | How does LB-100 affect the DDR proteins (BRCA1, Chk2, and γH2AX)? | ['Hyperphosphorylation', 'Hyperphosphorylates'] | ['LB100 induced constitutive hyperphosphorylation of DDR proteins (BRCA1, Chk2, and gH2AX).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25376608"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25376608",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1141,
"offsetInEndSection": 1347,
"text": "LB100 also induced constitutive hyperphosphorylation of DDR proteins (BRCA1, Chk2, and γH2AX), altered the chr... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e29fb27aa19d74431000005 |
factoid | What particles is Hadron therapy using? | ['Proton beams'] | ['Hadron therapy is using proton beams.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29609813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28884707",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625810"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28884707",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "The use of hadron beams, especially proton beams, in cancer radiotherapy has expanded rapidly in the past two deca... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e48edb1f8b2df0d49000002 |
factoid | Which phosphatase is inhibited by LB-100? | ['Protein phosphatase 2A'] | ['LB-100 is a phosphatase 2A inhibitor'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29199006"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29199006",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 402,
"offsetInEndSection": 524,
"text": "Here, we examined radiosensitizing effects of LB-100, a novel inhibitor of PP2A against AAM as a novel treatment... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e29f666aa19d74431000001 |
factoid | What is the cyberknife used for? | ['CyberKnife® is a robotic stereotactic radiotherapy system'] | ['CyberKnife(r) is a robotic stereotactic radiotherapy system'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28544809",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28298046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28849326"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28849326",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 694,
"offsetInEndSection": 854,
"text": "Stereotactic radiosurgery using CyberKnife® seems to be an efficient and safe therapeutic option for malignant m... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e480da0d14c9f295d000006 |
factoid | Which portal has been developed to explore protein-protein interactions in cancer cell lines? | ['The OncoPPi Portal'] | ['The OncoPPi Portal has been developed as an interactive web resource that allows investigators to access, manipulate and interpret a high-quality cancer-focused network of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) experimentally detected in cancer cell lines. To facilitate prioritization of PPIs for further biological studies, this resource combines network connectivity analysis, mutual exclusivity analysis of genomic alterations, cellular co-localization of interacting proteins and domain-domain interactions. Estimates of PPI essentiality allow users to evaluate the functional impact of PPI disruption on cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, connecting the OncoPPi network with the approved drugs and compounds in clinical trials enables discovery of new tumor dependencies to inform strategies to interrogate undruggable targets like tumor suppressors. The OncoPPi Portal serves as a resource for the cancer research community to facilitate discovery of cancer targets and therapeutic development.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29186335",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31583637"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29186335",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 127,
"text": "The OncoPPi Portal: an integrative resource to explore and prioritize protein-protein interactions for cancer target dis... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2e136bfbd6abf43b000023 |
factoid | Which biological process takes place in nuclear speckles? | ['mRNA processing', 'mRNA splicing'] | ['Speckles are subnuclear structures that are enriched in pre-messenger RNA splicing factors and are located in the interchromatin regions of the nucleoplasm of mammalian cells. They serve as splicing factor storage sites and play important roles in regulation of pre-mRNA splicing.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12923522",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12826600",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12002677",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29496966",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23934081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27239700",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23934081",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 188,
"offsetInEndSection": 295,
"text": "Here we demonstrate that mRNAs containing ALREX-promoting elements are trafficked through nuclear speckles."
}... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c74266a7c78d694710000a2 |
factoid | PDQ39 questionnaires is design for which disease? | ["Parkinson's Disease"] | ["PDQ39 is Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire that is used for assessment of quality of life in patients with Parkinson's Disease."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29670566",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24035927",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30363378",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18543333",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23346238",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28805568",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28980176",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 752,
"offsetInEndSection": 1065,
"text": "The outcomes assessed were motor symptoms with Unified PD Rating Scale III (UPDRSIII), functional mobility with... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2b1ed9fbd6abf43b000005 |
factoid | Which gene is frequently involved in autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy (ADLD)? | ['Lamin B1 gene', 'LMNB1'] | ['Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is an adult onset demyelinating disorder that is caused by duplications of the lamin B1 (LMNB1) gene.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28769756",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26311780",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27854160",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19961535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23676464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21225301",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28769756",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "An LMNB1 Duplication Caused Adult-Onset Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy in Chinese Family: Clinical Manifestations, Ne... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e355e20fbd6abf43b000065 |
factoid | What is the radiation-induced CD8 lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) assay used for? | ['Radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) has been suggested as a predictive assay for adverse late reactions after radiotherapy.'] | ['Radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) has been suggested as a predictive assay for adverse late reactions after radiotherapy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30220974",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30327309"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30327309",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) has been suggested as a predictive assay for adverse late reactions ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e48f2b6f8b2df0d49000005 |
factoid | Which is the main epigenetic difference between poised and constitutive enhancers? | ['H3K27ac'] | ['We find that histone H3K27ac distinguishes active enhancers from inactive/poised enhancer elements containing H3K4me1 alone.', 'Histone H3K27ac separates active from poised enhancers and predicts developmental state.', '. The poised enhancer signature, involving H3K4me1 and low levels of H3K27ac, has been reported to mark inactive enhancers that are poised for future activation.. Histone H3K27ac separates active from poised enhancers and predicts developmental state.. We find that histone H3K27ac distinguishes active enhancers from inactive/poised enhancer elements containing H3K4me1 alone.. These chromatin domains, mostly constitutive, may have been used as genomic niches where novel regulations could evolve due to both the preexistence of a structural backbone poised to integrate novel regulatory inputs, and a highly adaptive transcriptional readout. These results support a model in which the PRC2 complex is redistributed to poised enhancers in H3.3K27M mutant cells and contributes to tumorigenesis in part by locally enhancing H3K27me3, and hence silencing of tumor suppressor genes', 'Histone H3K27ac distinguishes active enhancers from inactive/poised enhancer elements containing H3K4me1 alone.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29932419",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26970625",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27285123",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27979994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28275002",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21106759"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27285123",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 360,
"offsetInEndSection": 677,
"text": "Modifications of histones further lead to repressed, activated or poised gene transcription, thus bringing anoth... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ca61f17ecadf2e73f000050 |
factoid | Which receptor is inhibited by Tivozanib? | ['vascular endothelial growth factor receptors'] | ['Tivozanib is a selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) 1, 2 and 3 tyrosine kinases.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29716948",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28287096",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23252559",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908516",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28383032",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818763",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29716948",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1028,
"offsetInEndSection": 1188,
"text": "The addition of VEGF-R inhibitor Tivozanib to these systems abrogated the tension-induced paracrine effects on... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2f0afcfbd6abf43b000028 |
factoid | How rare are CTCs (circulating tumour cells) in the plasma of patients? | ['1 in 10 to 9th', '1e-9', '1 in 10^9'] | ['Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are significantly rare entity in the blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients as well as in other types of cancer. Small-cell lung cancer cells are typically quiescent, whereas CTCs can be up-regulated in response to radiation or chemical agents and may contribute to tumorigenesis as an endogenous red cell marker.', 'extremely low', 'However, largely because of the extremely low number of CTCs (as low as 1 in 10(9) hematologic cells) in the blood of patients, effective detection and separation of the rare cells remain a tremendous challenge.', 'However, largely because of the extremely low number of CTCs (as low as 1 in 10(9) hematologic cells) in the blood of patients, effective detection and separation of the rare cells remain a tremendous challenge. However, selective capture and quantification of CTCs from whole blood was still full of challenge due to the extremely scare number of CTCs.', 'We have focused on breast cancer as most clinical studies on CTC detection so far have been done in these patients. However, largely because of the extremely low number of CTCs (as low as 1 in 10(9) hematologic cells) in the blood of patients, effective detection and separation of the rare cells remain a tremendous challenge.', 'CTCs are of extremely low number (as low as 1 in 10(9) hematologic cells) in the blood of patients.', 'However, largely because of the extremely low number of CTCs (as low as 1 in 10(9) hematologic cells) in the blood of patients, effective detection and separation of the rare cells remain a tremendous challenge. This study reports a microfluidic-based optical sensing device for label-free detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a rare cell species in blood circulation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25808775",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30442398",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30345741",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19410375",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20155985"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19410375",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 882,
"offsetInEndSection": 997,
"text": "We have focused on breast cancer as most clinical studies on CTC detection so far have been done in these patien... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c7a4fddd774d04240000009 |
factoid | What is detected by the UV-damaged DNA-binding protein (UV-DDB) complex? | ['UV-DDB associates tightly with chromatin and is involved in global genomic nucleotide excision repair (NER)'] | ['Upon UV irradiation of primate cells, UV-DDB associates tightly with chromatin and is involved in global genomic nucleotide excision repair (NER) in mammalian cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12034848",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12812979",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16473935"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16473935",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 213,
"offsetInEndSection": 308,
"text": "UV-damaged DNA-binding protein complex (UV-DDB), involved in the damage recognition step of NER"
},
{
"b... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e46da9c3f5415952900000a |
factoid | Which receptor is inhibited by Teprotumumab? | ['IGF-1'] | ['Teprotumumab is a monoclonal inhibitory antibody targeting IGF-1 receptor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28427155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26287404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24878056",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26087256",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29273685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30575804",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29273685",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1366,
"offsetInEndSection": 1568,
"text": "A recently completed therapeutic trial of teprotumumab, a human IGF1R inhibiting antibody, in patients with mo... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2902688b3851296d000005 |
factoid | What is the cause of the disease Xeroderma Pigmentosum? | ['Defective NER, such as mutated ERCC1 or ERCC$ genes'] | ['Mutations in the ERCC1 or ERCC4 genes cause a remarkable array of rare inherited human disorders including specific forms of xeroderma pigmentosum. Individuals with NER-defective xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), in which bulky DNA lesions are not efficiently removed, are cancer-prone and suffer neurodegeneration.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974143",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29403087",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26074087",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29105242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28676261"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29105242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 172,
"offsetInEndSection": 449,
"text": "ERCC4 (XPF) encodes a protein that forms a complex with ERCC1 and is required for the 5' incision during nucleot... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e46e74e3f5415952900000b |
factoid | How many different miRNAs can be upregulated by LB-100? | ['One'] | ['LB-100 has been reported to upregulate one miRNA, namely miR-181b-1.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28588271"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28588271",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 134,
"text": "PP2A inhibition from LB100 therapy enhances daunorubicin cytotoxicity in secondary acute myeloid leukemia via miR-181b-1... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2a046caa19d74431000008 |
factoid | Which disease can be treated with Anifrolumab? | ['systemic lupus erythematosus'] | ['Anifrolumab is a type I interferon (IFN) receptor antagonist that has been shown to be effective for moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29420200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30588322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28130918",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644080",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29460699",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29420200",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 304,
"text": "OBJECTIVES: In a post-hoc analysis, we aimed to validate the Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) definition a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2902e48b3851296d000006 |
factoid | Which de novo mutation in FGFR cause achondroplasia? | ['G380R'] | ['Recurrent missense mutations in a CpG doublet of the transmembrane domain of the FGFR3 protein (glycine substituted with arginine at residue 380, G380R).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8078586"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8078586",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1476,
"text": "Achondroplasia, the most common cause of chondrodysplasia in man (1 in 15,000 live births), is a condition of unkn... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2e11a1fbd6abf43b000021 |
factoid | In which cellular compartment do stress granules localize? | ['cytoplasm'] | ['cytoplasm', 'Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic granules that are formed in cells when stress occurs.', 'Stress granules are non-membranous structures that transiently form in the cytoplasm during cellular stress, where they promote translational repression of non-essential RNAs and modulate cell signaling by sequestering key signal transduction proteins', 'Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic inclusions that repress translation of a subset of RNAs in times of cellular stress, and are characteristic to eukaryotic cells.', 'Stress granules are non-membranous structures that transiently form in the cytoplasm during cellular stress, where they promote translational repression of non-essential RNAs and modulate cell signaling by sequestering key signal transduction proteins. Here, we show that Rbfox2 is a novel constituent of cytoplasmic stress granules, the translational silencing machinery assembled in response to cellular stress.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28894257",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23474818",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29035885",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23982513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27057671",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383896",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29298433",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 252,
"text": "Stress granules are non-membranous structures that transiently form in the cytoplasm during cellular stress, where... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c74285c7c78d694710000a3 |
factoid | Which disease is Dasatinib used to treat? | ['Chronic myeloid leukemia', 'CML'] | ['Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia', 'Dasatinib is a second-generation TKI with a well-established safety and efficacy profile in chronic myeloid leukemia patients, who are refractory or intolerant to imatinib. A recent study reported that treatment-free remission (TFR) of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after dasatinib (Das) treatment was significantly associated with natural killer (NK) cell proliferation in the peripheral blood.', 'Dasatinib is a pan receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTK) used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).', 'chronic myeloid leukemia', 'Dasatinib is a small molecule covalently binding and inhibiting BCR-ABL receptor. It is used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) by targeting the integrins avb3 and avb5 over-expressed on B cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29515069",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26951627",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27374826",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26300669",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22068151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21828123",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21828123",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 38,
"text": "Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.n... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c701f4f7c78d69471000060 |
factoid | Which algorithm has been developed for finding conserved non-coding elements (CNEs)? | ['CNEFinder'] | ['CNEFinder is a tool for identifying CNEs between two given DNA sequences with user-defined criteria.', 'CNEFinder is an algorithm which has been developed for finding conserved non-coding elements (CNEs).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30423090"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30423090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "CNEFinder: finding conserved non-coding elements in genomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "h... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2894109499698331000002 |
factoid | What type of antagonist is istradefylline? | ['Selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist'] | ['Istradefylline is a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28870576"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28870576",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": " Istradefylline, a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, has been reported to improve daily \"off time\" a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2daaa2fbd6abf43b00000e |
factoid | Through which molecular pathway does LB-100 reduce hepatic steatosis? | ['AMPK/Sirt1 pathway'] | ['PP2A inhibition by LB100 significantly ameliorates hepatic steatosis by regulating hepatic lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation via the AMPK/Sirt1 pathway.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31832001"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31832001",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2029,
"offsetInEndSection": 2186,
"text": " PP2A inhibition by LB100 significantly ameliorates hepatic steatosis by regulating hepatic lipogenesis and fa... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2a080caa19d7443100000a |
factoid | Mutations in which gene form the genetic basis of the DOORS syndrome? | ['TBC1D24'] | ['Mutations in TBC1D24 seem to be an important cause of DOORS syndrome and can cause diverse phenotypes. Thus, individuals with DOORS syndrome without deafness and seizures but with the other features should still be screened for TBC1D24 mutations. More information is needed to understand the cellular roles of TBC1D24 and identify the genes responsible for DOORS phenotypes in individuals who do not have a mutation in TBC1D24.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25169878",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24291220",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27259978",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25557349",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30335140"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24291220",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1383,
"offsetInEndSection": 2638,
"text": "We identified TBC1D24 mutations in 11 individuals from nine families (by exome sequencing in seven families, a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2e1792fbd6abf43b000024 |
factoid | What is the aim of the "Radiogenomics Consortium"? | ['Pre-identification of people who are at greatest risk for adverse effects resulting from cancer treatment using radiation.'] | ['A major aim of research in radiogenomics is the development of a predictive instrument to enable identification of people who are at greatest risk for adverse effects resulting from cancer treatment using radiation. An important effort to advance radiobiology in the genomic era was establishment of the Radiogenomics Consortium to enable the creation of the large radiotherapy cohorts required to exploit advances in genomics.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27515689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29888979",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27979370",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28865512"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29888979",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1167,
"offsetInEndSection": 1378,
"text": "An important effort to advance radiobiology in the genomic era was establishment of the Radiogenomics Consorti... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e48efd9f8b2df0d49000004 |
factoid | What kind of molecule is AZD8601? | ['mRNA'] | ['AZD8601 is a modified mRNA.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30504800"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30504800",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 488,
"offsetInEndSection": 662,
"text": "Here, we longitudinally and comprehensively characterize microvascular responses to AZD8601, a modified mRNA enc... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2a1096aa19d7443100000e |
factoid | Which disease category is LB-100 mostly assessed for? | ['Cancer'] | ['LB-100 is designed to sensitize cancer cells to DNA damage from irradiation and chemotherapy. It is assessed for its therapeutic potential against cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26799670",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28039265",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29294092"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29294092",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Protein phosphatase 2A inhibition enhances radiation sensitivity and reduces tumor growth in chordoma."
},
{
"be... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e29f6e0aa19d74431000002 |
factoid | Which disease can be classified using the Koos Classification? | ['vestibular schwannomas'] | ['The Koos classification is used from vestibular schwannomas. It is designed to stratify tumors based on extrameatal extension and compression of the brainstem.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30058759",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30339649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30169695",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29614352"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29614352",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 177,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Grade IV vestibular schwannoma (Koos classification) is generally considered to be an indication for... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2b2c85fbd6abf43b000007 |
factoid | Which receptor does amantadine antagonize? | ['NMDA'] | ['Amantadine is an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27642581"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27642581",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 116,
"offsetInEndSection": 258,
"text": "Amantadine is an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that can be effecti... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2dafccfbd6abf43b000013 |
factoid | Which method has been developed for mapping of Transcription Start Sites (TSS) starting from nanograms of RNA? | ['SLIC-CAGE'] | ['SLIC-CAGE has been developed as a method to identify transcriptome-wide the binding sites of transcription start sites (TSSs) using a simple two-step protocol with 500-50,000 cells and reveals the interplay between genomic locations of DNA-binding proteins, transcription, individual nucleosomes and transcriptional starting sites.', "Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) is a methodology for genome-wide quantitative mapping of mRNA 5' ends to precisely capture transcription start sites at a single nucleotide resolution. In combination with high-throughput sequencing, CAGE has revolutionized our understanding of the rules of transcription initiation, led to discovery of new core promoter sequence features, and discovered transcription initiation at enhancers genome-wide. SLIC-CAGE is a Super-Low Input Carrier-CAGE approach to capture 5' ends of RNA polymerase II transcripts from as little as 5-10 ng of total RNA. This dramatic increase in sensitivity is achieved by specially designed, selectively degradable carrier RNA.", 'SLIC-CAGE has been developed as a method to identify transcriptome-wide the binding sites of transcription start sites (TSSs) using a simple two-step protocol with 500-50,000 cells and reveals the interplay between genomic locations of DNA-binding sites, transcription, mRNA, and nucleosomes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30404778"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30404778",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "SLIC-CAGE: high-resolution transcription start site mapping using nanogram-levels of total RNA."
},
{
"beginSecti... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2deb35fbd6abf43b00001c |
factoid | What is molecular radiotherapy? | ['Molecular radiotherapy is working through tumor-targeted radionuclides.'] | ['Molecular radiotherapy is working through tumor-targeted radionuclides.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28747518",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29043399"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28747518",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 311,
"offsetInEndSection": 405,
"text": "Molecular radiotherapy with tumor-targeted radionuclides may overcome some of these challenges"
},
{
"be... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e499c636d0a27794100000a |
factoid | Which mRNAs are sequestered in stress granules? | ['long, AU-rich and non-ribosome associating mRNA'] | ['Stress granules are higher order assemblies of nontranslating mRNAs and proteins that form when translation initiation is inhibited. \nThis subset of mRNAs is characterized by extended length and adenylate-uridylate (AU)-rich motifs, is highly enriched with genes critical for cell survival and proliferation. mRNA accumulation in stress granules correlates with longer coding and UTR regions and poor translatability'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29576526",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24013423",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29483269",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21118122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29129640"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24013423",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 440,
"offsetInEndSection": 585,
"text": "short deletions affecting nuclear localization signal (NLS) and causing cytoplasmic mislocalization can be seque... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c74305d7c78d694710000a4 |
factoid | What is another name for AZD0530? | ['Saracatinib'] | ['AZD0530 is also known as saracatinib.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23144237"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23144237",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "Antitumor activity of saracatinib (AZD0530), a c-Src/Abl kinase inhibitor, alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e540c866d0a277941000052 |
factoid | Which is the effect of the HP1a protein on chromatin? | ['heterochromatic gene silencing'] | ['Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1a) is a well-known conserved protein that is involved in heterochromatin formation and gene silencing through the reading of the heterochromatin mark methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me) in different species including humans.', 'Heterochromatin-associated protein 1 (HP1a) mediates silencing and switching at the mating-type loci and is essential for pluripotency in Drosophila. HP1a belongs to a homologous family of histone-deacetyltransferases that mediate chromatin organization through the binding of histones to chromatin. The ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling activity of HP1A is mediated, in part, by its interaction with histone H3 methyltransferase 3 (H3K9me2/3).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27838630",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19798443",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17875665",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547675",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24555990",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30384843",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17875665",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 524,
"offsetInEndSection": 761,
"text": "Here we show that PIWI, an ARGONAUTE/PIWI protein family member that binds to Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), st... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d35f1267bc3fee31f000004 |
factoid | Which application is the backbone of BioPAXViz? | ['Cytoscape (version 3)'] | ['BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application, providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization. Beyond the basic parsing, viewing and browsing roles, the main novel function that BioPAZViz provides is a visual comparative analysis of metabolic pathway topologies across pre-computed pathway phylogenomic profiles given a species phylogeny.', 'BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application, providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization. Beyond the basic parsing, viewing and browsing roles, the main novel function that BioPAXViz provides is a visual comparative analysis of metabolic pathway topologies across pre-computed pathway phylogenomic profiles given a species phylogeny. Furthermore, BioPAXViz supports the display of hierarchical trees that allow efficient navigation through sets of variants of a single reference pathway. Thus, BioPAXViz can significantly facilitate, and contribute to, the study of metabolic pathway evolution and engineering.', 'BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization. The application provides a visual comparative analysis of metabolic pathway topologies across pre-computed pathway phylogenomic profiles given a species phylogeny.', 'BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application, providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization.', 'BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization.', 'BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application for the visual exploration of metabolic pathway evolution. The software is distributed under the MIT License and is accompanied by example files and data. Additional documentation is available at the aforementioned repository.', 'BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application, providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization. Beyond the basic parsing, viewing and browsing roles, the main novel function that BioPAXViz provides is a visual comparative analysis of metabolic pathway topologies across pre-computed pathway phylogenomic profiles given a species phylogeny.', 'BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application, providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization. Beyond the basic parsing, viewing and browsing roles, the main novel function that BioPAXViz provides is a visual comparative analysis of metabolic pathway topologies across pre-computed pathway phylogenomic profiles given a species phylogeny. Furthermore, BioPAXViz supports the display of hierarchical trees that allow efficient navigation through sets of variants of a single reference pathway. Thus, BioPAXViz can significantly facilitate, and contribute to, the study of metabolic pathway evolution and engineering.Availability and Implementation: BioPAXViz has been developed as a Cytoscape app and is available at: https://github.com/CGU-CERTH/BioPAX.Viz.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28453679"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28453679",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "BioPAXViz: a cytoscape application for the visual exploration of metabolic pathway evolution."
},
{
"beginSection... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e4adb486d0a277941000015 |
factoid | Which company produces ORMD-0801? | ['Oramed Pharmaceuticals'] | ['ORMD-0801 is produced by Oramed Pharmaceuticals.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23593142"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23593142",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 393,
"offsetInEndSection": 606,
"text": "In efforts to provide patients with a more compliable treatment method, Oramed Pharmaceuticals tested the capaci... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e763602c6a8763d2300000c |
factoid | In which cell organelle is the SAF-A protein localized? | ['the nucleus'] | ['saf-a/hnrnp u is an abundant nuclear protein that interacts specifically with nuclear matrix attachment region dna', 'SAF-A/hnRNP U is an abundant nuclear protein that interacts specifically with nuclear matrix attachment region DNA (MAR) and RNA as a component of hnRNPs. Scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A) participates in the regulation of gene expression by organizing chromatin into transcriptionally active domains and by interacting directly with RNA polymerase II.', 'Scaffold attachment factor B (SAF-B) is a nuclear matrix-associated protein. It is an abundant nuclear protein that interacts specifically with nuclear matrix attachment region DNA (MAR) and RNA as a component of hnRNPs.', 'TheSAF-A protein is localized to the nuclear matrix', 'SAF-A/hnRNP U is an abundant nuclear protein that interacts specifically with nuclear matrix attachment region DNA (MAR) and RNA as a component of hnRNPs. ', 'The SAF-A protein localizes to the nucleus where it promotes ribosome biogenesis', 'SAF-A is localized to the nucleus where it promotes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription thereby stimulating cell growth.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10933876",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22162999"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556781",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "SAF-A/hnRNP U is an abundant nuclear protein that interacts specifically with nuclear matrix attachment region DNA... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d35e7ddb3a638076300000e |
factoid | What is iodine thyroid blocking? | ['High doses of potassium iodide are effective to block radioiodine thyroid uptake and to prevent development of thyroid cancer years later.'] | ['High doses of potassium iodide are effective to block radioiodine thyroid uptake and to prevent development of thyroid cancer years later.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23475155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021061",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27574319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27664997"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021061",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 243,
"text": "(131)I, when released in a radiological or nuclear accident as happened recently in Fukushima, Japan, may cause th... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5cc1fa1af46fc130000005 |
factoid | What disease is associated with a Malar rash? | ['butterfly rash associated with SLE'] | ['Cutaneous manifestations of SLE are frequently the presenting symptoms, typically noted in the classic malar "butterfly" rash;', 'Malar rash is associated with a disease of the skin called Systemic lupus erythematosis.', 'Malar rash is a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) syndrome characterized by cutaneous manifestions (contact dermatitis, pompholyx, hand dermatitis dyshydrosis, urticaria) with chronic course and chronic course.', 'The malar or butterfly rash is seen on the face and is associated with systemic Lupus erythematosus', ' Cutaneous manifestations of SLE are frequently the presenting symptoms, typically noted in the classic malar "butterfly" rash;', 'the cutaneous effects of sle are frequently the presenting symptoms. typically noted in the classic malar "butterfly " rash', 'Malar rash is associated with a Systemic lupus erythematosus.', ' Cutaneous manifestations of SLE are frequently the presenting symptoms, typically noted in the classic malar "butterfly" rash; '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7607795",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31619142",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27498665",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/891079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1824645"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7607795",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 306,
"offsetInEndSection": 434,
"text": " Cutaneous manifestations of SLE are frequently the presenting symptoms, typically noted in the classic malar \"b... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e4bed1c6d0a27794100002b |
factoid | Which epigenetic mark is deposited by PRC2? | ['H3K27me3'] | ['H3K27me3 is the major histone methyltransferase activity of PRC2.', 'The Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) has been identified as a key regulator of epigenetic mark H3K27me3.', 'There are data showing coordinate regulation between DNAme and H3K27me3, which are both involved in the establishment and maintenance of epigenetic gene silencing. We found that the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which is responsible for di- and trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me2/me3), binds to its own site of methylation.', 'H3K27me3 is the endogenous epigenetic mark deposited by PRC2.', 'H3K27me3 is an epigenetic mark deposited by PRC2 (Polycomb repressive complex 2).', 'polycomb repressive complex 2 (prc2 ) mediates trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone h3', 'Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 27, which establishes H3K27me3 repressive epigenetic marks that promote tissue-specific differentiation by silencing ectopic gene programs.', 'PRC2 is H3K27me3 ubiquitously-associated and acts as an epigenetic mark deposition mechanism.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27410265",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27216774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158708",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28256832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24469045",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525233",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 126,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which mediates trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (K27me3)"
},
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d35ef017bc3fee31f000001 |
factoid | What is the target of galcanezumab? | ['calcitonin gene-related peptide'] | ['Galcanezumab is a monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), is one of a novel class of new medicines for migraine prevention.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30341990",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30187471",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31710104",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30917684",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29310444",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 173,
"text": "Importance: Galcanezumab (LY2951742), a monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), is one... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e460f823f54159529000006 |
factoid | Which disease was studied in the CADISS trial? | ['carotid and vertebral artery dissection'] | ['CADISS was a prospective multicentre randomised-controlled trial in acute (within 7 days of onset) carotid and vertebral artery dissection.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087823",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705933",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22110554",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19386884",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30801621",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087823",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 87,
"text": "Prognosis of carotid dissecting aneurysms: Results from CADISS and a systematic review."
},
{
"beginSection": "ab... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e4604d83f54159529000003 |
factoid | What is the human RCA locus size in bps? | ['300kbp'] | ['The human RCA locus is located on chromosome 1 (CA1) and consists of approximately 750 kb.', 'Genome and expressed sequence tag information of Xenopus tropicalis suggested that short-consensus repeat (SCR)-containing proteins are encoded by three genes that are mapped within a 300-kb downstream of PFKFB2, which is a marker gene for the regulator of complement activation (RCA) loci in human and chicken', 'The locus containing the ribosomal protein A (RCA) gene is located at a perinuclear structure 3 kb from the left end and 610 kb in bps, leaving a footprint of 7.4 kb on chromosome 1.', 'The human RCA locus is located on chromosome 1q21-32 and measures approximately 2-3 kb in bps.', 'The human RCA locus is located on chromosome 1q21-32 and consists of approximately 150 tandemly repeated copies of a 9.1 kb locus.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2564419",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2451706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319518",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2164822"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2564419",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 196,
"offsetInEndSection": 400,
"text": " The human homologues of these genes are tightly linked, composing the RCA locus, which maps to human chromosome ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d35d901b3a638076300000a |
factoid | What cellular process is the protein clathrin involved in? | ['receptor mediated endocytosis'] | ['Clathrin is a central regulator of endocytosis in all eukaryotes that plays a role in bacterial and plastid differentiation', 'Receptor-mediated endocytosis proceeds by transfer of receptor-ligand complexes from clathrin-coated pits at the cell surface to uncoated endocytic vesicles termed receptosomes (or endosomes). while clathrin mediated endocytosis w', 'Clathrin is a central regulator of endocytosis in all eukaryotes that plays a critical role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis', 'while clathrin mediated endocytosis w. Receptor-mediated endocytosis proceeds by transfer of receptor-ligand complexes from clathrin-coated pits at the cell surface to uncoated endocytic vesicles termed receptosomes (or endosomes).', 'Receptor-mediated endocytosis proceeds by transfer of receptor-ligand complexes from clathrin-coated pits at the cell surface to uncoated endocytic vesicles termed receptosomes (or endosomes)', 'Clathrin plays a critical role in endocytosis and in doing so is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis', 'Receptor-mediated endocytosis proceeds by transfer of receptor-ligand complexes from clathrin-coated pits at the cell surface to uncoated endocytic vesicles termed receptosomes (or endosomes).', 'Clathrin plays a critical role in endocytosis and in many other cellular processes'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206992",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2475643",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28814502",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28117435",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27028652",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6310570",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6888541",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 50,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "ligand-receptor complexes are internalized via clathrin coated pits by a process called receptor-mediated endocyto... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e4fd44a6d0a277941000033 |
factoid | Which receptor is modulated with Siponimod? | ['sphingosine-1-phosphate'] | ['Siponimod is a functional sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) antagonist.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24900670",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29627873",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580263",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29500302",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31558140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28990207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28752787",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 907,
"offsetInEndSection": 1076,
"text": "RESULTS: Among a battery of molecules tested, siponimod, a dual agonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e48a916d14c9f295d00000f |
factoid | Which drug is the first oral ghrelin receptor inverse agonist to be profiled in healthy subjects? | ['PF-05190457'] | ['PF-05190457 is the first oral ghrelin receptor inverse agonist to be profiled in healthy subjects.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27621150"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27621150",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PF-05190457: The first oral ghrelin receptor inverse agonist to be profiled in ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e49ac346d0a27794100000e |
factoid | What is the protective efficacy of vaxchora against moderate to severe cholera? | ['80-100%'] | ['The protective efficacy of vaxchora against moderate to severe cholera is 80-100%.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27425792"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27425792",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 255,
"offsetInEndSection": 614,
"text": "The oral live cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR (Orochol, Mutachol), the first genetically modified organism (GMO) use... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e76452fc6a8763d23000015 |
factoid | What is AZD0530 an inhibitor of? | ['dual Src/Abl kinase'] | ['AZD0530 is a highly selective, dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22623106"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22623106",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Saracatinib, a highly selective, dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitor, is currently in a Phase II clinical trial for the ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5409776d0a277941000051 |
factoid | For how long do Drosophila embryos use maternal genome mRNA? | ['14 cell divisions'] | ['mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products and occur in metasynchronous waves', 'before interphase 14', 'Mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves. In many animals, the first few hours of life proceed with little or no transcription, and developmental regulation at these early stages is dependent on maternal cytoplasm rather than the zygotic nucleus.', 'Mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves.', 'In Drosophila embryogenesis mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves.', "Mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves. An exceptional case of Nos-independent regulation by Pum has been described-repression of maternal bicoid (bcd) m RNA at the anterior pole of the early embryo, dependent on both Pum and conserved Pum binding sites in the 3'- UTR of the m RNA"] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29601592",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17448252",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2702688"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2702688",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 108,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "Mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves."
},
{
"beginSe... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d35e421b3a638076300000d |
factoid | What is the function of a viral peplomer? | ['attachment and fusion during viral entry as well as for the induction of cell to cell fusion.'] | ['The coronavirus peplomer protein S is responsible for attachment and fusion during viral entry as well as for the induction of cell to cell fusion.\nSince tissue affinities are a function of the viral peplomer-mediated attachment of virus to cells and are often directly related to pathogenicity,'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7679743",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9782260",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1402806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1658026"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9782260",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "The coronavirus peplomer protein S is responsible for attachment and fusion during viral entry as well as for the i... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5bafa01af46fc130000002 |
factoid | Which was the first cholera vaccine approved in the US? | ['Vaxchora'] | ['Vaxchora is the first vaccine approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the prophylaxis of cholera infection.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29018300"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29018300",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 74,
"text": "Vaxchora: The First FDA-Approved Cholera Vaccination in the United States."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e7641a0c6a8763d23000011 |
factoid | What is the function of WAPL protein on cohesin? | ['Wapl is a cohesin unloading factor'] | ["Human Wapl is a cohesin-binding protein that promotes sister-chromatid resolution in mitotic prophase We show that the human ortholog of Wapl is a cohesin-binding protein that facilitates cohesin's timely release from chromosome arms during prophase.", "Wapl is a cohesin-binding protein that facilitates cohesin's timely release from chromosome arms during prophase.It promotes the release of cohesin from chromosomes during both interphase and mitosis.", "Human Wapl is a cohesin-binding protein that promotes sister-chromatid resolution in mitotic prophase. We show that the human ortholog of Wapl is a cohesin-binding protein that facilitates cohesin's timely release from chromosome arms during prophase."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24055153",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27797072",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17141150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29447171",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29217591",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28424523",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17112726",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "Human Wapl is a cohesin-binding protein that promotes sister-chromatid resolution in mitotic prophase"
},
{
"beg... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d35be1cb3a6380763000005 |
factoid | What is romiplostim targeting? | ['Romiplostim (ROM) is a thrombopoietin (TPO)-receptor-agonist'] | ['Romiplostim (ROM) is a thrombopoietin (TPO)-receptor-agonist approved for treatment of adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29191945",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28548028"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28548028",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 266,
"offsetInEndSection": 403,
"text": "Romiplostim (ROM) is a thrombopoietin (TPO)-receptor-agonist approved for treatment of adults with chronic immun... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5d24811af46fc130000006 |
factoid | What is the role of STAG1/STAG2 proteins in differentiation? | ['meiosis and cell proliferation'] | ['STAG1/STAG2 proteins are tumour suppressor proteins that suppress cell proliferation and are essential for differentiation.', 'involved in the g2-m transition', 'STAG1/STAG2 proteins are tumour suppressor proteins that suppress cell proliferation and differentiation.', 'The expression of STAG1 mRNA was induced in response to various genotoxic stresses in a p53-dependent manner; moreover, enforced expression of STAG1 led to apoptosis in several additional cancer cell lines. The simultaneous blocking of STAG1 and STAG2 significantly reduces cell proliferation. STAG1 preferentially contributes to the stabilization of topologically associating domain boundaries together with CTCF, whereas STAG2 promotes cell-type-specific contacts between enhancers and promoters independently of CTCF.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12034751",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27298259",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26997282",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361841",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21589869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12034751",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 69,
"text": "STAG2 and Rad21 mammalian mitotic cohesins are implicated in meiosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docu... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d35dfbdb3a638076300000b |
factoid | Which method is behind HipMCL? | ['Markov Clustering', 'MCL'] | ["HipMCL is a high-performance parallel implementation of the Markov clustering algorithm for large-scale networks. Despite its popularity, MCL's scalability to cluster large datasets still remains a bottleneck due to high running times and memory demands.", 'While various clustering algorithms have been proposed to find highly connected regions, Markov Clustering (MCL) has been one of the most successful approaches to cluster sequence similarity or expression networks. HipMCL is based on MPI and OpenMP and is freely available under a modified BSD license.', "While various clustering algorithms have been proposed to find highly connected regions, Markov Clustering (MCL) has been one of the most successful approaches to cluster sequence similarity or expression networks. Despite its popularity, MCL's scalability to cluster large datasets still remains a bottleneck due to high running times and memory demands. High-performance MCL (HipMCL) offers a parallel implementation of the original MCL algorithm that can run on distributed-memory computers. By exploiting distributed-memory environments, HipMCL clusters large-scale networks several orders of magnitude faster than MCL and enables clustering of even bigger networks. HipMCL is based on MPI and OpenMP and is freely available under a modified BSD license.", "While various clustering algorithms have been proposed to find highly connected regions, Markov Clustering (MCL) has been one of the most successful approaches to cluster sequence similarity or expression networks. Despite its popularity, MCL's scalability to cluster large datasets still remains a bottleneck due to high running times and memory demands. HipMCL is a high-performance parallel implementation of the Markov clustering algorithm for large-scale networks.", 'HipMCL (HipClustering) is a high-performance parallel implementation of the Markov clustering algorithm for large-scale networks.', 'HipMCL is a high-performance parallel implementation of the Markov clustering algorithm for large-scale networks.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29315405"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29315405",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "HipMCL: a high-performance parallel implementation of the Markov clustering algorithm for large-scale networks."
},
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e4ada686d0a277941000014 |
factoid | What is drug target for olaparib? | ['poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP)'] | ['Olaparib(Lynparza) is a PARP inhibitor, inhibiting poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), an enzyme involved in DNA repair.', 'Olaparib is a Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitor'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29129088",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30660828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30486888"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29129088",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1409,
"offsetInEndSection": 1471,
"text": "PARP inhibition with olaparib, warrants further investigation,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e42d1a748dab47f26000010 |
factoid | Which cells mature in the human thymus? | ['T-cells', 'T-lymphocytes'] | ['Thymus progenitor cells mature in the human thymus through differentiation into cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts.', 'Late stages of T cell maturation in the thymus involve NF-kB and tonic type I interferon signaling. NF-kB and tonic interferon signals are involved in the final maturation of thymocytes into naive T cells.', 'late stages of t cell maturation in the thymus involve nf-kb and tonic type i interferon signals', 'NF-kB and tonic interferon signals are involved in the final maturation of thymocytes into naive T cells.', 'The mammalian thymus is an important post-translational organ that plays a pivotal role in the development of the human immune system. Thymocytes, which represent 50% of the cells in the human body, mature into cardiomyocytes and T cells.', 'T cells mature in the human thymus; in particular, type T cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12218105",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11994452",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635029",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14768939",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27817026",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18955544",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27043411",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "Late stages of T cell maturation in the thymus involve NF-κB and tonic type I interferon signaling."
},
{
"beginS... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d36a9507bc3fee31f000005 |
factoid | When was vivotif first licenced in Europe? | ['1983'] | ['The vaccine vivotif was first licensed in Europe in 1983.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28515625"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28515625",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 798,
"offsetInEndSection": 1060,
"text": "Vivotif® is an oral live attenuated vaccine which contains a mutated strain of Salmonella (Ty21a) and reproduce... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e763bd4c6a8763d2300000f |
factoid | What animal is thought to be the host for the Coronavirus causing MERS? | ['camel'] | ['The animal thought to be the host for the Coronavirus causing MERS is camels.', 'The Virus causing MERS is though to have originated in dromedary camels'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29239118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30146782",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25791336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29336306"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29239118",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1260,
"offsetInEndSection": 1437,
"text": "hese data demonstrate a genetic link for each of these clusters to a camel and support the hypothesis that hum... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2f4a8bfbd6abf43b00002a |
factoid | Which is the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in Europeans? | ['Heterozygous loss-of-function nuclear factor κB subunit 1 (NFKB1) variants'] | ['Loss-of-function nuclear factor kB subunit 1 (NFKB1) variants are the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency in Europeans.', 'Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in NFKB1 are the most common known monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), which results in a temporally progressive defect in the formation of immunoglobulin-producing B cells', 'Loss-of-function nuclear factor kB subunit 1 (NFKB1) variants are the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in Europeans.', 'Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in NFKB1 are the most common known monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), which results in a temporally progressive defect in the formation of immunoglobulin-producing B cells.', 'Heterozygous loss-of-function nuclear factor kB subunit 1 (NFKB1) variants are the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency in Europeans, which results in a temporally progressive defect in the formation of immunoglobulin-producing B cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29477724",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30063981"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29477724",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "Loss-of-function nuclear factor κB subunit 1 (NFKB1) variants are the most common monogenic cause of common variable imm... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e51dc516d0a27794100003e |
factoid | Which disease is caused by de novo VPS4A mutations? | ['Multisystem disease with abnormal neurodevelopment'] | ['Mutations in the VPS4A gene, which encodes the alpha-subunit of the lysosomal sorting enzyme, beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase 4, are the cause of multisystem disease type 4 or Ferroportin disease.', 'De novo mutations in the gene encoding for endosomal sorting enzyme VPS4A (Val4A) cause multisystem disease', 'De νovo VPS4A mutations cause multisystem disease with abnormal neurodevelopment.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33186545"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33186545",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": "De Novo VPS4A Mutations Cause Multisystem Disease with Abnormal Neurodevelopment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601bde6e1cb411341a000006 |
factoid | What is the target of a drug pidilizumab? | ['programmed death-1 pathway.'] | ['Pidilizumab is a a humanised monoclonal antibody that targets programmed death-1 pathway.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581237",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26394770",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29143272",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26513491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24892254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25965365",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29143272",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 227,
"offsetInEndSection": 365,
"text": "We present results from the first study to evaluate the immune modulating antibody MDV9300 (pidilizumab) in pedi... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e3a6e70b5b409ea53000018 |
factoid | Han Wistar and Sprague Dawley are breeds of what laboratory animal? | ['rats'] | ['Han-Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Han Wistar and Sprague Dawley are breeds of Rats'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2756796",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546683",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30476622",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24749500",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29097845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22610983",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30476622",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 80,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Wistar-Han and Sprague-Dawley rats"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e6d1c6f1af46fc130000021 |
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