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values | concepts listlengths 0 23 ⌀ | triples listlengths 0 4.35k ⌀ | id stringlengths 24 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid | Where are pannexins localized? | ['In membranes'] | ['Pannexins (Panxs) are a multifaceted family of ion and metabolite channels that play key roles in a number of physiological and pathophysiological settings. These single membrane large-pore channels exhibit a variety of tissue, cell type, and subcellular distributions.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29932112",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28735901",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25505382",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386583",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24300303"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28735901",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Pannexins are a family of integral membrane proteins with distinct post-translational modifications, sub-cellular ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c7d5fcfd774d04240000011 |
factoid | Which tool is used to visualise the junction sites of chloroplast genomes? | ['IRscope'] | ['IRscope is an online program to visualize the junction sites of chloroplast genomes. It allows the users to depict the genetic architecture of up to ten chloroplast genomes in the vicinity of the sites connecting the inverted repeats to the short and long single copy regions. The software and its dependent libraries ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659705"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 82,
"text": "IRscope: an online program to visualize the junction sites of chloroplast genomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstrac... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6acb107c78d6947100001f |
factoid | What is the difference between CRISPR-Cas12a and CRISPR-Cpf1? | ['None'] | ['CRISPR-Cas12a and CRISPR-Cpf1 refer to the same thing.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29189942"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29189942",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 584,
"offsetInEndSection": 1035,
"text": "n the present review, we attempt to highlight most recent advances in CRISPR-Cpf1 (CRISPR-Cas12a) system in par... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c8fee200101eac87000000f |
factoid | Which Python tool has been developed for network-based stratification of tumor mutations? | ['PyNBS'] | ['PyNBS is a modularized Python 2.7 implementation of the network-based stratification (NBS) algorithm for stratifying tumor somatic mutation profiles into molecularly and clinically relevant subtypes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29608663"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29608663",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 83,
"text": "pyNBS: a Python implementation for network-based stratification of tumor mutations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstra... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6ad2997c78d69471000020 |
factoid | Through which protein interaction does MLP regulate F-actin dynamics? | ['Cofilin 2'] | ['The interaction of MLP with CFL2 has direct implications in actin cytoskeleton dynamics in regulating CFL2-dependent F-actin depolymerization, with maximal depolymerization enhancement at an MLP/CFL2 molecular ratio of 2:1. Deregulation of this interaction by intracellular pH variations, CFL2 phosphorylation, MLP or ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19752190"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19752190",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Muscle LIM protein interacts with cofilin 2 and regulates F-actin dynamics in cardiac and skeletal muscle."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c8fef490101eac870000010 |
factoid | Where is fatty acid binding protein 2 expressed? | ['intestinal epithelial cells'] | ['fatty acid binding protein 2 is expressed by intestinal epithelial cells'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29032508",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17960769",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20670215",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18634911",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26547205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18440731"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18634911",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 15,
"offsetInEndSection": 75,
"text": " human intestinal fatty acid binding protein 2 gene (FABP2) "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docume... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c8d15cf0101eac870000009 |
factoid | Which gene mutation is associated with Woodhouse Sakati syndrome? | ['DCAF17'] | ['DCAF17 mutations are associated with Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by alopecia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, sensorineural hearing loss, diabetes mellitus, and extrapyramidal movements.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30409855",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26664771",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612766",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29574468",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24464444"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29574468",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "Phenotypic Variability of c.436delC DCAF17 Gene Mutation in Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abs... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c72f5247c78d6947100007e |
factoid | Losigamone can be used for treatment of which disease? | ['epilepsy'] | ['Losigamone is sometimes used as an add-on therapy for epilepsy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23683707",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21429248",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9421300",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15638775",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20650103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 45,
"text": "Losigamone add-on therapy for focal epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c73acec7c78d69471000086 |
factoid | How many pseudokinases are there in the human kinome? | ['Approximately 50'] | ['There are approximately 50 pseudokinases in the human kinome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29254998"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29254998",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "The human protein kinome comprises 535 proteins that, with the exception of approximately 50 pseudokinases, contro... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c909b6cecadf2e73f000005 |
factoid | Which tool has been developed for visualization of non-covalent contacts? | ['Protein Contacts Atlas'] | ['Visualizations of biomolecular structures empower us to gain insights into biological functions, generate testable hypotheses, and communicate biological concepts. Typical visualizations (such as ball and stick) primarily depict covalent bonds. In contrast, non-covalent contacts between atoms, which govern normal phy... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29335563"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29335563",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Visualization and analysis of non-covalent contacts using the Protein Contacts Atlas."
},
{
"beginSection": "abst... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6d65637c78d69471000038 |
factoid | Which was the first approved tumor treatment using a common biomarker rather than specified tumor locations in the body? | ['Keytruda'] | ['The first approved tumor treatment using a common biomarker rather than specified tumor locations in the body was Keytruda, which is a treatment for cancer patients with positive microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) markers or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) markers.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29209918"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29209918",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 334,
"text": "On May 23, 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a treatment for cancer patients with positive ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c915a8becadf2e73f000009 |
factoid | What is the route of administration of apixaban? | ['Oral'] | ['Apixaban is administered orally.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653758"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653758",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 834,
"text": "Apixaban (Eliquis®) is an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor that is available for use in the treatment and secondar... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c920df7ecadf2e73f00000f |
factoid | What is the cause of a STAG3 truncating variant? | ['Primary ovarian insufficiency', 'POI'] | ['Linkage analysis identified a locus on chromosome 7 where exome sequencing successfully identified a homozygous two base pair duplication (c.1947_48dupCT), leading to a truncated protein p.(Y650Sfs*22) in the STAG3 gene, confirming it as the cause of POI in this family', 'Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a dist... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27836978",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26059840",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30006057"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26059840",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "STAG3 truncating variant as the cause of primary ovarian insufficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"do... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c632cc1e842deac6700000f |
factoid | Which plant does oleuropein originate from? | ['Olive tree'] | ['Oleuropein originates from olive trees, and is specifically found in olive leaf extracts.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099642"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099642",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Oleuropein Is Responsible for the Major Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Olive Leaf Extract."
},
{
"beginSection": "a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c890ad575a4a5d21900000d |
factoid | Reslizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to treat what specific type of asthma? | ['eosinophilic asthma'] | ['Reslizumab in the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma:\xa0an update.', 'Reslizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to treat eosinophilic asthma'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29554826",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059618",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30346831",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27458609",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27445482",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28683596",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059618",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 131,
"offsetInEndSection": 398,
"text": "Since IL-5 plays an important role in the maturation, survival and migration of eosinophils, hence the pathogene... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ca0bf00ecadf2e73f000045 |
factoid | What is the function of the protein Magt1? | ['Magnesium transporter'] | ['The magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) is a critical regulator of basal intracellular free magnesium ([Mg2+]i) levels.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30385806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29581357",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051561"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29581357",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 162,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c92869aecadf2e73f000015 |
factoid | What is the function of the transcriptional co-activator p300? | ['histone acetyltransferase'] | ['The transcriptional co-activator p300 is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that is typically recruited to transcriptional enhancers and regulates gene expression by acetylating chromatin.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23211718",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30323286"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30323286",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "The transcriptional co-activator p300 is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that is typically recruited to transcri... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c990241ecadf2e73f00002d |
factoid | What is another name for the plant Sideritis scardica? | ['Mountain tea', 'Ironwort'] | ['Sideritis scardica is also known as ironwort or mountain tea.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22274814"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22274814",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 221,
"text": "Sideritis scardica Griseb. (ironwort, mountain tea), an endemic plant of the Balkan Peninsula, has been used in tr... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c890e6d75a4a5d21900000f |
factoid | From where is gamabufotalin (GBT) isolated? | ['toad venom'] | ['gamabufotalin (GBT) was isolated from toad venom.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28631214",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25175164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26894970",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30111043"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30111043",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1219,
"offsetInEndSection": 1610,
"text": "RCFs of cinobufagin to gamabufotalin, bufotalin, bufalin and resibufogenin were determined as 1.05, 0.895, 1.0... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c9904eaecadf2e73f00002e |
factoid | What is a mitosome? | ['Simple and anaerobic mitochondria.'] | ['Mitosomes are the simplest and the least well-studied type of anaerobic mitochondria. \tThe mitosomes have abandoned typical mitochondrial traits such as the mitochondrial genome and aerobic respiration and their single role known to date is the formation of iron-sulfur clusters'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30265292",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21984067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20382757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28372543"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30265292",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 93,
"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "Mitosomes are the simplest and the least well-studied type of anaerobic mitochondria. "
},
{
"beginSectio... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c9a6693ecadf2e73f000031 |
factoid | What is the price of KYMRIAH treatment in 2019? | ['475,000 USD'] | ['Kymriah, produced by Novartis has a price tag of US$475,000.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29764166"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29764166",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 284,
"offsetInEndSection": 646,
"text": "At the time of the writing of this article, there are two CAR T cells available, Kymriah, produced by Novrtis wi... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c897082d558e5f232000004 |
factoid | Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is a drug target and is involved in what biosynthetic pathway | ['pyrimidine biosynthesis'] | ['Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) mediates the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis', 'The flavoenzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth reaction of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, which exerts vital functions in the cells, especially within DNA and RNA biosynthesis',... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26088338",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17228860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30145372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1617622",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22542640",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30145372",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 218,
"text": "The flavoenzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth reaction of the de novo pyrimidine biosy... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5cb0856decadf2e73f000058 |
factoid | What is the indication for KYMRIAH? | ['children and young adults with refractory or relapse B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia'] | ['Kymriah™ has been approved for the treatment of pediatric patients and young adults with refractory or relapse (R/R) B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29501911"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29501911",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 357,
"text": "Two autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies (Kymriah™ and Yescarta™) were recently approved by... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c896f60d558e5f232000003 |
factoid | What is the effect of NFIA on astrocyte differentiation? | ['Promotes', 'Induces'] | ['NFIA promotes astrocyte differentiation from neural precursor cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30290178"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30290178",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 647,
"offsetInEndSection": 857,
"text": "By searching for transcription factors that function at these elements, we identified NFIA and ATF3 as drivers o... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c8fe1f10101eac87000000a |
factoid | Where is the protein protamine 2 expressed? | ['sperm cells'] | ['Human sperm express two types of protamine: protamine 1 (P1) and the family of protamine 2 (P2) proteins.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28666211",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24869677",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28748416",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516990",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26801756"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28748416",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 259,
"text": "This work aimed at investigating the effect of resveratrol on (1) DNA integrity and (2) fertilizing capacity of sp... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c9e6407ecadf2e73f000034 |
factoid | Which company developed opdivo? | ['Bristol-Myers Squibb'] | ['Opdivo or nivolumab was developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30293207"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30293207",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 297,
"text": "As part of its single technology appraisal (STA) process, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (N... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c910ae0ecadf2e73f000007 |
factoid | What are DMARDs? | ['Disease Modifying anti-rheumatic drugs'] | ['To determine the utility of ultrasonography in guiding modification of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) and steroid therapy for inflammatory arthritis (IA)', 'DMARDs are Disease Modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD).', 'Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) was 61% (claims data)'... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22420649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20681888",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27604908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28324149",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25603037",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27538766",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "To determine the utility of ultrasonography in guiding modification of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMA... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c960f21ecadf2e73f000020 |
factoid | What is the aim of the MitoCeption protocol? | ['Mitochondrial transfer'] | ['The MitoCeption protocol directly and quantitatively transfer mitochondria, isolated from cell type A, to recipient cell type B.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28287607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766410"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28287607",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 782,
"offsetInEndSection": 1000,
"text": " The MitoCeption protocol described here allows the transfer of the mitochondria isolated beforehand from the d... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c9e6e99ecadf2e73f000036 |
factoid | What is the cause of Krabbe disease? | ['deficiency of β-galactocerebrosidase'] | ['Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), or Krabbe disease, is an inherited, neurologic disorder that results from deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme, galactosylceramidase.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29316812",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28598007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29391017"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28598007",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "Krabbe disease (KD) is a rare disease caused by the deficiency of β-galactocerebrosidase. "
},
{
"beginSect... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c9efde8ecadf2e73f000039 |
factoid | Name a CFL2 mutation which is associated with nemaline myopathy? | ['c.19G>A', 'p.Val7Met'] | ['A mutation in CFL2 was identified in a family with nemaline myopathy, namely a homozygous missense mutation in exon 2 (c.19G>A, p.Val7Met).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22560515"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22560515",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 469,
"offsetInEndSection": 703,
"text": "Because a mutation in CFL2 was identified in a family with nemaline myopathy, we performed sequence analysis of ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c89623bf9c2ba6b28000004 |
factoid | What cellular process is the gene product of NANOG involved in? | ['regulation of transcription'] | ['NANOG is a transcription factor and a biomarker of cancer and pluripotent stem cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26339994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29177763",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414604",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29243835",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29486740",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29204746",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28866747",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "The objective of this study was to explore the prognostic value of cancer stem cell markers, namely CD133, NANOG,... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c9789a9ecadf2e73f000024 |
factoid | Rickettsia felis was described as a human pathogen almost two decades ago, what is it's main arthropod vector? | ['Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis)'] | ['Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) carry Rickettsia felis', 'Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) carrying Rickettsia felis and Bartonella species in Hong Kong.', 'Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) carrying Rickettsia felis and Bartonella species in Hong Kong'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19645274",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26824189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21722253",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24149035",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29217417",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29079185"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29217417",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) carrying Rickettsia felis and Bartonella species in Hong Kong."
},
{
"beginSect... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c9791d2ecadf2e73f000026 |
factoid | What is a exposome? | ['environmental exposure record'] | ['The exposome is a novel conceptual framework that allows for concurrent examination of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including environmental exposures, as well as changes in exposures over time, to elucidate the complex environmental factors that affect health outcomes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28836271",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28494612",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29676625",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377341"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28836271",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 205,
"text": "The interaction between the (epi)genetic makeup of an individual and his/her environmental exposure record (exposo... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5cb0d647ecadf2e73f000059 |
factoid | What does the strimvelis treatment consist of? | ['autologous CD34+ cells transduced to express adenosine deaminase'] | ['Strimvelis consists of autologous CD34+ cells transduced to express adenosine deaminase [ADA].'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625577"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625577",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 342,
"text": "Strimvelis (autologous CD34+ cells transduced to express adenosine deaminase [ADA]) is the first ex vivo stem cel... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c897167d558e5f232000005 |
factoid | What is predicted using SURFY? | ['surfaceome predictor'] | ['surfaceome predictor SURFY, based on machine learning.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30373828"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30373828",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 412,
"offsetInEndSection": 526,
"text": "o enable analysis of the human surfaceome, we developed the surfaceome predictor SURFY, based on machine learnin... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5cb0e4a6ecadf2e73f00005b |
factoid | Which was the first adeno-associated virus vector gene therapy product approved in the United States? | ['Luxturna'] | ['The first adeno-associated virus vector gene therapy product in the United States was Luxturna.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30089698"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30089698",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1755,
"offsetInEndSection": 2009,
"text": "Gene therapy utilizing viral vectors has experienced recent success, culminating in U.S. Food and Drug Adminis... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c897555d558e5f232000009 |
factoid | Which gene therapy treatment is FDA approved for retinal dystrophy? | ['Luxturna'] | ['Luxturna is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of inherited retinal dystrophy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30089698"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30089698",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1755,
"offsetInEndSection": 2010,
"text": "Gene therapy utilizing viral vectors has experienced recent success, culminating in U.S. Food and Drug Adminis... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c89773ed558e5f23200000a |
factoid | Salivary Cortisol is a biomarker for what disease/syndrome/condition? | ['stress'] | ['Salivary cortisone , as a biomarker for psychosocial stress , is associated with state anxiety and heart rate .\nortisol as a stress biomarker', 'Salivary cortisone, as a biomarker for psychosocial stress, is associated with state anxiety and heart rate.', 'Salivary Cortisol is a biomarker for stress', 'These results... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25773457",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23969030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23971022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27014891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30488082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30408721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30408721",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Salivary cortisone, as a biomarker for psychosocial stress, is associated with state anxiety and heart rate."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c9fb428ecadf2e73f000041 |
factoid | What is the function of the cGAS pathway? | ['Immune defense'] | ['The cGAS-STING pathway not only mediates protective immune defense against infection by a large variety of DNA-containing pathogens but also detects tumor-derived DNA and generates intrinsic antitumor immunity.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28801534",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30395807",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27648547",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169058",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27902332",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28137885",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169058",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a bacterial signaling nucleotide synthesized by several human pathogens."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c8aa082d558e5f23200000c |
factoid | What does RUNX2 stand for? | ['Runt related factor-2'] | ['Runt related factor-2'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19121369"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19121369",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 367,
"offsetInEndSection": 396,
"text": "Runt related factor-2 (Runx2)"
}
] | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c8fe7cb0101eac87000000c |
factoid | Where, in the body, would the Cobb-Stainsby excision arthroplasty be performed? | ['foot'] | ['The Cobb-Stainsby forefoot arthroplasty combines partial phalangectomy ( Stainsby ) with extensor tendon transfer to the metatarsal head ( Cobb ) .', 'The Cobb-Stainsby forefoot arthroplasty combines partial phalangectomy (Stainsby) with extensor tendon transfer to the metatarsal head (Cobb)', 'The Cobb-Stainsby fore... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413774"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413774",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 131,
"offsetInEndSection": 274,
"text": "The Cobb-Stainsby forefoot arthroplasty combines partial phalangectomy (Stainsby) with extensor tendon transfer ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c9ff25eecadf2e73f000043 |
factoid | Which company produces patisiran? | ['Alnylam Pharmaceuticals'] | ['Patisiran has been developed by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30251172"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30251172",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 426,
"offsetInEndSection": 722,
"text": "Patisiran has been developed by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals; it was recently approved in the USA for the treatment o... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c900b9eecadf2e73f000004 |
factoid | What protein is recruited by Crumbs to regulate tracheal development? | ['moesin (Moe)'] | ['In Drosophila, stellate-shaped tracheal terminal cells make seamless tubes, Early endocytosis maintains normal steady-state levels of Crumbs, which recruits apical phosphorylated (active) Moesin (Moe), which in turn regulates seamless tube shape in the development of the trachea.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25065756"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25065756",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1144,
"offsetInEndSection": 1320,
"text": "We propose that early endocytosis maintains normal steady-state levels of Crumbs, which recruits apical phosph... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5caa0247ecadf2e73f000055 |
factoid | Where in the body, is ghrelin secreted? | ['stomach'] | ['Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, is secreted from endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa.', 'Ghrelin , an orexigenic peptide , is secreted from endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa .', 'BACKGROUND: Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, is secreted from endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa.', 'ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24806082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17101319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21035199",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19009647",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22231739",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15648018",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29392854",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, is secreted from endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa."
},
{
"beginSectio... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5caa06d0ecadf2e73f000056 |
factoid | What is resistin? | ['adipokine'] | ['The adipocyte-secreting adipokine, resistin, may play a critical role in the modulation of inflammatory diseases.', 'Resistin, a pro-inflammatory cytokine,'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29937317",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24780007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417718",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729407",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23981771",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15103228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29278852",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 641,
"offsetInEndSection": 800,
"text": "Resistin, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is predictive of atherosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients w... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c840782617e120c34000006 |
factoid | What is the function of GvpA? | ['GvpA forms the gas vesicle wall'] | ['The gas vesicle wall is solely formed of proteins with the two major components, GvpA and GvpC, and', 'The gas vesicle wall is solely formed of proteins with the two major components, GvpA and GvpC, and seven additional accessory proteins are also involved.', 'Gas vesicles are proteinaceous, gas-filled nanostructures... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28898511",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7683649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1282192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9094221",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25648404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28898511",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 177,
"text": "Gas vesicles are proteinaceous, gas-filled nanostructures produced by some bacteria and archaea. The hydrophobic m... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ca9f846ecadf2e73f000053 |
factoid | Which syndrome is associated to SAMHD1 gene mutations? | ['Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome'] | ['Mutations in the SAMHD1 gene that cause the severe autoimmune disease, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29583030"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29583030",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 211,
"offsetInEndSection": 413,
"text": "Its emerging role as an effector of innate immunity is affirmed by mutations in the SAMHD1 gene that cause the s... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c93e8bdecadf2e73f00001c |
factoid | What is the results of mutations in the gene autoimmune regulator? | ['Autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED)'] | ['Autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29427825",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29437776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29150834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29666621"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29150834",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 296,
"offsetInEndSection": 456,
"text": "a rare inherited disorder called autoimmune polyendocriopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) caused b... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5cb39707ecadf2e73f000060 |
factoid | What disease is associated with mutations in the MECP2 transcription factor? | ['Rett syndrome'] | ['mutations in the methyl-cpg-binding protein-2 gene (mecp2) are commonly associated with rett syndrome', 'Mutations in the MECP2 transcription factor, which codes for the transcription factor ECE1, have been found to be associated with Rett syndrome.', 'Mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 gene (MECP2) are co... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200222",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28337123",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29431277",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27782879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25769649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28143937",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29431277",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 gene (MECP2) are commonly associated with Rett syndrome."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e6157cb1af46fc13000000e |
factoid | Which receptor is inhibited by bimagrumab? | ['activin type II receptors'] | ['Bimagrumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the activin type II receptors, preventing the activity of myostatin and other negative skeletal muscle regulators.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27167138",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25381300",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24298022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29226558",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31761834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26506009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29226558",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 189,
"offsetInEndSection": 313,
"text": "Bimagrumab is a human anti-ActRII antibody which was found to increase muscle mass and function by blocking ActR... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e44b04c48dab47f26000016 |
factoid | Where is the yeast transpozable element Ty3 preferentially inserted? | ['the promoters of RNA PolIII-transcribed genes'] | ['Ty3 is preferentially inserted in genes encoding transfer RNA genes.', 'The retrovirus-like element Ty3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae integrates at the transcription initiation region of RNA polymerase III genes and is preferentially inserted in transfer RNA genes.', 'Ty3 integrates within the region of RNA polymerase ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22544262",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1963869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1309715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15579677",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11604517",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8389458"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22544262",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 730,
"offsetInEndSection": 923,
"text": "We found that extra ORFs occur in all three major lineages of plant Ty3/gypsy elements, being the most frequent ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d3852d07bc3fee31f000014 |
factoid | When was Afrezza approved by the FDA? | ['June 2014'] | ['Afrezza was approved by the FDA in June 2014.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222134"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222134",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 635,
"offsetInEndSection": 908,
"text": "In contrary, MannKind Corporation started developing its ultra-rapid-acting insulin Afrezza in a bold bid, proba... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e776cfe835f4e4777000010 |
factoid | When was Fluzone Intradermal replaced with Fluzone Intradermal Quadrivalent? | ['In advance of the 2015-2016 season'] | ['Fluzone Intradermal was replaced with Fluzone Intradermal Quadrivalent vaccine in advance of the 2015-2016 season.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27457797"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27457797",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 322,
"offsetInEndSection": 569,
"text": "In advance of the 2015-2016 season, Fluzone Intradermal was replaced with Fluzone Intradermal Quadrivalent vacci... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e7f5d0d835f4e4777000016 |
factoid | How many proteins have been queried for protein partners by the Drosophila protein interaction map (DPiM)? | ['5,000'] | ['Over 5,000 proteins have been queried for protein partners by the Drosophila protein interaction map (DPiM).', '5,000 proteins have been queried for protein partners by the Drosophila protein interaction map (DPiM).', 'Defining protein-protein interactions in protein complexes, and establishing the when, what and whe... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23222005"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23222005",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1320,
"text": "Proteins perform essential cellular functions as part of protein complexes, often in conjunction with RNA, DNA, m... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e35dc26158f994d3a000006 |
factoid | Which is the target of belimumab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus treatment? | ['B-cell activating factor', 'BAFF', 'BLyS (B-lymphocyte stimulator)'] | ['Belimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against BAFF. Belimumab, a human monoclonal antibody specific for soluble BLyS, was ultimately approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2011 for active autoantibody patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) despite standa... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25543845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27587201",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23568179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23553779",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21081710",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21081710",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 69,
"text": "Belimumab: a BLyS-specific inhibitor for systemic lupus erythematosus"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docu... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d386fbfa1e1595105000005 |
factoid | Salzburg EEG criteria are used to diagnose which disorder? | ['Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus'] | ['Salzburg EEG criteria are used to diagnose Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27571157",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26092326",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30585889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26148985",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31753769",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31318040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29322820",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "Reevaluation of the Critically Ill Patients With Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus by Using Salzburg Consensus Criteria."... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e48bf5ed14c9f295d000019 |
factoid | Central Vein Sign is characteristic to which disease? | ['multiple sclerosis'] | ['Central vein sign on FLAIR* magnetic resonance imaging is highly specific and sensitive for multiple sclerosis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28820013",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31796822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30213803",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29369733",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29328521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29565219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28820013",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Diagnostic performance of central vein sign for multiple sclerosis with a simplified three-lesion algorithm."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e4601293f54159529000002 |
factoid | Which is the catalytic activity of the protein encoded by the gene KMT2C? | ['lysine methyltransferase activity'] | ['The lysine methyltransferase KMT2C (also known as MLL3), a subunit of the COMPASS complex, implements monomethylation of Lys4 on histone H3 (H3K4) at gene enhancers.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29785026",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29762619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28675691"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29785026",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "The lysine methyltransferase KMT2C (also known as MLL3), a subunit of the COMPASS complex, implements monomethylat... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e6e487151b80c9423000001 |
factoid | Which is the most mutated gene in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)? | ['LMNA', 'lamin A/C'] | ['The LMNA gene is the most mutated gene in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and affects approximately 25% of the patients.', 'Mutations in the gene encoding lamin A/C (LMNA) cause dilated cardiomyopathy', 'lamin a/c gene (lmna)', 'The most mutated gene in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the lamin A/C gene. Mutations in th... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17386158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9243088",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30342008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29800419",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16266469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21689390",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16266469",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 140,
"text": "To examine the function of the novel mutation E82K in LMNA gene identified in a Chinese family infected by dilate... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d374c727bc3fee31f00000d |
factoid | Which type of cells protect Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damage in aquatic vertebrates? | ['melanocytes'] | ['Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) require a specific microenvironment to grow and are protected from ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damages by melanocytes. Mutations that lack melanocytes have normal steady-state haem atopoiesis under standard laboratory conditions while melanocytes above the stem cell ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29899448"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29899448",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1736,
"text": "Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) require a specific microenvironment, the haematopoietic niche, w... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e36cf8eb5b409ea53000007 |
factoid | Which is the primary interacting protein of BLK? | ['BANK1'] | ['The B cell adaptor protein with ankyrin repeats (BANK1) and the B lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK) have been genetically associated with autoimmunity. The proteins of these genes interact physically and work in concert during B-cell signaling.', 'Genetic and physical interaction of the B-cell systemic lupus erythematos... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18981230",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26420661",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23555801",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23646104",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21978998"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18981230",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 115,
"offsetInEndSection": 253,
"text": "n this study, we find that expression of Bik/Blk/Nbk is increased in human airway epithelial cells (AECs [HAECs]... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d387573a1e159510500000a |
factoid | How many doses of vaxchora are required? | ['one'] | ['Vaxchora is a single-dose vaccine.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 45,
"text": "Vaxchora: A Single-Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e764440c6a8763d23000013 |
factoid | What is the SLC25A20 protein transporting? | ['The carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter (CACT; SLC25A20) mediates an antiport reaction allowing entry of acyl moieties in the form of acylcarnitines into the mitochondrial matrix and exit of free carnitine.'] | ['The carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter (CACT; SLC25A20) mediates an antiport reaction allowing entry of acyl moieties in the form of acylcarnitines into the mitochondrial matrix and exit of free carnitine.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29296668",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27864727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29408889"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29408889",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 948,
"offsetInEndSection": 978,
"text": "carnitine translocase Slc25a20"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e6e82eac6a8763d23000001 |
factoid | Which bacteria causes rat bite fever? | ['Streptobacillus moniliformis'] | ['Rat bite fever is caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis. Infection induces typical but not pathognomonic clinical signs, such as local purulent wound infection followed by maculopapular exanthema, myalgia as well as purulent joint infections.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9486709",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29912693",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18061376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223620",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28322713",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20619014",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644421",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 226,
"text": "Rat bite fever due to Streptobacillus moniliformis induces typical but not pathognomonic clinical signs, such as l... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e30fa32fbd6abf43b000048 |
factoid | What receptor is associated with the protein encoded by the Spätzle gene? | ['Toll-1 receptor'] | ['Currently, as a ligand for the Toll-1 receptor, only Spatzle (Spz) has been identified and characterized.', 'Currently Spatzle (Spz) has been identified and characterized as a ligand for the Toll-1 receptor', 'Spatzle (Spz) is the toll-1 receptor gene encoding a protein subunit of a multisubunit membrane protein comp... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30146479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8124709",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31088910",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7590233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536362",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30308293",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30146479",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 102,
"offsetInEndSection": 319,
"text": " In Drosophila, apoptotic elimination of the weaker \"loser\" cells from growing wing discs is induced by a sign... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5e502a1af46fc13000000a |
factoid | Which graph database is used by the Reactome graph database? | ['Neo4j'] | ['Reactome is a free, open-source, open-data, curated and peer-reviewed knowledgebase of biomolecular pathways. The Neo4j graph database and its query language, Cypher, provide efficient access to the complex Reactome data model, facilitating easy traversal and knowledge discovery.', 'The Neo4j graph database and its q... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377902"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377902",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1401,
"text": "Reactome is a free, open-source, open-data, curated and peer-reviewed knowledgebase of biomolecular pathways. One... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e30b870fbd6abf43b000038 |
factoid | What is the route of administration of vaxchora? | ['Oral'] | ['Vaxchora is an oral vaccine.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 45,
"text": "Vaxchora: A Single-Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e76436cc6a8763d23000012 |
factoid | What is the target of the drug remdesivir? | ['polymerase'] | ['remdesivir is a polymerase inhibitor'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29511076",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30275474"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29511076",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 230,
"offsetInEndSection": 430,
"text": "We recently reported that the nucleoside analogue GS-5734 (remdesivir) potently inhibits human and zoonotic CoVs... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e6de3f21af46fc130000022 |
factoid | Which algorithm has been developed for detecting expansions of tandem repeats? | ['ExpansionHunter'] | ['Identifying large expansions of short tandem repeats (STRs), such as those that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fragile X syndrome, is challenging for short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. A solution to this problem is an important step toward integrating WGS into precision medicine. For that p... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28887402"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28887402",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1549,
"text": "Identifying large expansions of short tandem repeats (STRs), such as those that cause amyotrophic lateral scleros... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e36d5b9b5b409ea53000009 |
factoid | Which clotting factor is in the Andexxa? | ['Xa'] | ['Andexxa(r) is a first-in-class recombinant modified factor Xa protein. It is available to reverse life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding with the factor Xa inhibitors apixaban and rivaroxaban.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30013295",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30362966",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30053385",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29926311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30459509"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29926311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 304,
"text": "Intravenous andexanet alfa [coagulation factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated-zhzo; Andexxa®] is a first-in-class r... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e319617fbd6abf43b000049 |
factoid | Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in what part of the body? | ['pituitary'] | ["Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in the pituitary gland", "Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in the pituitary gland.", "Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare endocrine disorder associated with increased serum levels of cortisol secreted due to an underlying tumour in pituitary.", "Most cases of Cush... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28413388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22918543",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28850717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15521676",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30148086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31666445"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28850717",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare disabling condition caused by Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting adenom... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e669e401af46fc13000001a |
factoid | Which was the first genetically modified organism (GMO) to be used as vaccine? | ['Vaxchora', 'CVD 103-HgR'] | ['The first genetically modified organism to be used as vaccine was the live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR or vaxchora.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27425792"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27425792",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 255,
"offsetInEndSection": 614,
"text": "The oral live cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR (Orochol, Mutachol), the first genetically modified organism (GMO) use... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e764647c6a8763d23000016 |
factoid | What percentage of patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) develop recurrent disease? | ['11-75%'] | ['1.04% of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma develop recurrent disease. The overall recurrence rate is 75%.', 'The overall recurrence rate was 75% in HPV negative patients and 11% in HPV positive ones. Disease recurred in a spared parotid gland in three patients (1.04%).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28900497",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29290287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28849027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30142809",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21982471",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25607111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29290287",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 794,
"offsetInEndSection": 992,
"text": "IMRT group achieved better locoregional control rate, with the 5-year locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS)... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d3826427bc3fee31f00000f |
factoid | What classes of drugs does Retapamulin belong to? | ['antibiotics'] | ['Retapamulin is a member of the pleuromutilin family of antibiotics.', 'Pleuromutilins have a potential to be developed as a new class of antibiotics for use in humans. This class includes valnemulin, tiamulin, and retapamulin.', 'Retapamulin belongs to the class of gentamycin-resistant antibiotics.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18389088",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19436611",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777229",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23793314",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28874907",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18041900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777229",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 321,
"offsetInEndSection": 458,
"text": "Retapamulin 1% ointment is a unique topical antibiotic formulation that may be a suitable option for the treatme... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5e50751af46fc13000000b |
factoid | What cellular process is JAK/STAT involved in? | ['inflammation'] | ['The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is utilized by numerous cytokines and interferons, and is essential for the development and function of both innate and adaptive immunity.', 'The serine/threonine kinase JAK/STAT is a major regulator of Janus kinase activ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26938566",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27928945",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26398764",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716890",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27713030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22284190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27928945",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 202,
"text": "JAK/STAT signal pathway, a requisite part in the signaling process of growth factors and cytokines, has become at... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e6399dd1af46fc13000000f |
factoid | Which T-UCR has been implicated in prostate cancer? | ['Uc.63+'] | ['Transcribed ultraconserved region Uc.63+ promotes resistance to docetaxel through regulation of androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer. Docetaxel is the standard chemotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer ( CRPC). However, nearly all patients ultimately become refractory due to the devel... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212226"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212226",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "Transcribed ultraconserved region Uc.63+ promotes resistance to docetaxel through regulation of androgen receptor signal... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e36a718b5b409ea53000004 |
factoid | Which domain of the MOZ/MYST3 protein complex associates with histone H3? | ['the double PHD finger domain'] | ['The double PHD finger domain of MOZ/MYST3 induces a-helical structure of the histone H3 tail', 'The double PHD finger domain of MOZ/MYST3 induces a-helical structure of the histone H3 tail to facilitate acetylation and methylation sampling and modification In addition to sampling H3 and H4 modification status, we sho... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24150941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19922872"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19922872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 844,
"offsetInEndSection": 1020,
"text": "In conclusion, our data show that Moz regulates H3K9 acetylation at Hox gene loci and that RA can act independe... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d38663da1e1595105000001 |
factoid | Which company sells the drug Afrezza since 2015? | ['Sanofi'] | ['Afrezza has been marketed by Sanofi since February 2015.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222134"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222134",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 635,
"offsetInEndSection": 909,
"text": "In contrary, MannKind Corporation started developing its ultra-rapid-acting insulin Afrezza in a bold bid, proba... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e776db8835f4e4777000011 |
factoid | What is the gene PTENP? | ["PTEN pseudogene (PTENp) acts as an endogenous RNA, which regulates its parental gene by competitively binding to the 3' UTR of PTEN gene in the human."] | ["PTEN pseudogene (PTENp) acts as an endogenous RNA, which regulates its parental gene by competitively binding to the 3' UTR of PTEN gene in the human."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27936183"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27936183",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 66,
"offsetInEndSection": 326,
"text": "PTEN pseudogene (PTENp) acts as an endogenous RNA, which regulates its parental gene by competitively binding to ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e6df7887fc1ee872b000001 |
factoid | Rachmilewitz Index is used for which diseases? | ['ulcerative colitis'] | ['Rachmilewitz Index is used for assessment of endoscopic disease activity of patients with ulcerative colitis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30130840",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25823689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15603341",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26894632",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7752802",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30130840",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 511,
"offsetInEndSection": 929,
"text": "At present, many endoscopic indices of ulcerative colitis have been introduced, including the Truelove and Witts... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e47546d3f54159529000019 |
factoid | What is OAC CHV? | ["Layman's term vocabulary for health related terms"] | ['The Open Access and Collaborative Consumer Health Vocabulary (OAC CHV), which contains health-related terms used by lay consumers,', 'The Open Access and Collaborative Consumer Health Vocabulary (OAC CHV), contains health-related terms used by lay consumers.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28359728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27884812"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27884812",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1234,
"offsetInEndSection": 1296,
"text": "Open-Access Collaborative Consumer Health Vocabulary (OAC CHV)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e3ab4f8b5b409ea5300001b |
factoid | What does MVA85A stand for? | ['Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara expressing Antigen 85A'] | ['MVA85A is the Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara expressing Antigen 85A.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22789508"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22789508",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 320,
"text": "A non-randomised, open-label, Phase I safety and immunogenicity dose-finding study to assess the safety and immuno... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e776845835f4e477700000a |
factoid | Which protein is mutated in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria? | ['FECH gene, ferrochelatase'] | ['Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare inherited disorder of the heme biosynthesis pathway resulting in the accumulation of protoporphyrins in the blood, erythrocytes, and other tissues. Because of a gene mutation in the FECH gene, ferrochelatase, the enzyme involved in the final step of heme synthesis, is def... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29610169",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30175727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29116687"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29116687",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 344,
"text": "Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare inherited disorder of the heme biosynthesis pathway resulting in the... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e822615835f4e4777000034 |
factoid | Which part of the TNFR2 gene is genetically associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? | ["3' flanking region"] | ["There is a TNFR2 3' flanking region polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus.", "A TNFR2 3' flanking region polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus.", "A tnfr2 3' flanking region polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus has been shown to be significantly associated with selenocytoplasmic lupus erythemato... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11197692",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11607787",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11169260",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10395102",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11196716"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11196716",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "A TNFR2 3' flanking region polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"d... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d386ed6a1e1595105000004 |
factoid | Which database exists that contains regulatory SNPs which affect predicted transcription factor binding site affinity? | ['SNP2TFBS'] | ["SNP2TFBS is a computational resource intended to support researchers investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory variation in the human genome. The database essentially consists of a collection of text files providing specific annotations for human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely wheth... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899579"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899579",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "SNP2TFBS - a database of regulatory SNPs affecting predicted transcription factor binding site affinity."
},
{
"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e49c2356d0a277941000010 |
factoid | Which R package has been developed for MS-based label-free phosphoproteomics? | ['Phosphonormalizer'] | ['Phosphonormalizer is an R package for normalization of MS-based label-free phosphoproteomics.', 'Phosphonormalizer is a commonly used normalization approach in mass spectrometry-based label-free proteomics. It scales the peptide abundances to have the same median intensities, based on an assumption that the majority ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968644"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968644",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 91,
"text": "Phosphonormalizer: an R package for normalization of MS-based label-free phosphoproteomics."
},
{
"beginSection":... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e52a4ec6d0a277941000044 |
factoid | The virus that causes FIP, Feline Infectious Peritonitis belongs to what family? | ['Coronavirus'] | ['The virus that causes FIP, Feline Infectious Peritonitis belongs to the family coronavirus.', 'Feline coronavirus (fcov) is an etiological agent that causes a benign enteric illness and the fatal systemic disease feline infectious peritonitis (fip).', 'Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is an etiological agent that causes a b... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22546085",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27712624",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31375588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29329682",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30065095",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23865689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29778200",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common and highly lethal coronavirus disease of domestic cats"
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e3eba5548dab47f26000009 |
factoid | What is the main difference between nascent and mature chromatin? | ['lack of H1'] | ['Nascent chromatin is created after transcription and is mostly lacking histone modifications and H1, which makes it more prone to digestion by DNaseI.', ' Like normal nascent chromatin, chromatin labeled for brief periods (0.5-1 min) in the presence of butyrate was more sensitive to digestion with DNase I and microco... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6226660",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7171565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1893943"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7171565",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "Maturation of nucleosomal and nonnucleosomal components of nascent chromatin: differential requirements for concurrent pr... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d38577b7bc3fee31f000017 |
factoid | What is the effect of Satb1 knock-out in mice? | ['apoptosis'] | ['inhibited cell viability and migration', 'While T cell growth in vitro, Satb1 knockdown was found to be effective in vivo by inhibiting T cell proliferation and activating apoptosis in a subset of T cells', 'knock-out of Satb1 significantly inhibited cell viability and migration, and promoted Schwann cells apoptosis.... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30024617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15851481",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29388727"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15851481",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1479,
"offsetInEndSection": 1694,
"text": "ur studies indicate that both nuclear matrix association and DNA binding are required for optimal SATB1-mediat... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d36b8a37bc3fee31f000009 |
factoid | What is the target of Inebilizumab? | ['CD19'] | ['Inebilizumab is an anti-CD19 antibody with enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against B cells, is currently being evaluated in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30915717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29512131",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29143550",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29956883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28910968",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27886126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29447988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 443,
"offsetInEndSection": 627,
"text": "CONTENT: Although CD19-targeted agents (blinatumomab or inebilizumab) are not associated with an increased risk ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e47681b35b8f0833c000006 |
factoid | Which programming language has been used for implementing GWAR? | ['Stata'] | ['Stata'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28108451"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28108451",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 1597,
"text": "In the context of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), there is a variety of statistical techniques in order ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e50123e6d0a277941000036 |
factoid | How large is a lncRNAs? | ['>200 nucleotides'] | ['lncRNAs are defined as RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not transcribed into proteins'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27098144",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308238",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27933111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510368"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510368",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 158,
"offsetInEndSection": 264,
"text": " lncRNAs are defined as RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not transcribed into proteins"
},... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e6e8f92c6a8763d23000004 |
factoid | What is Telangiectasia? | ['prominent small vessels'] | ['Telangiectasia (macroscopically visible dilated skin vessels)', 'Telangiectasias are small focal red macules and papules created by abnormally prominent capillaries, venules, and arterioles', 'Telangiectasias are prominent small vessels (venules, capillaries or arterioles) that are visible as small red-purple focal l... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22810475",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28803159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22170760",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11316039"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28803159",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Telangiectasias are prominent small vessels (venules, capillaries or arterioles) that are visible as small red-pur... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e3c686fb5b409ea53000020 |
factoid | In which chromosome are transgenes inserted in the case of the LiPS-A3S line? | ['Chromosome 15'] | ['Transgenesis of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can enable and empower a variety of studies in stem cell research, including lineage tracing and functional genetics studies. While in recent years much progress has been made in the development of tools for gene targeting, little attention has been given to the id... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898090"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "LiPS-A3S, a human genomic site for robust expression of inserted transgenes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5286036d0a277941000040 |
factoid | What is the function of the protein encoded by the gene NKCC2? | ['This protein functions as an Na-K-Cl cotransporter.'] | ['The protein function as an Na-K-Cl cotransporter.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29357410",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29407172",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29412704",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30113482"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29407172",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1002,
"offsetInEndSection": 1040,
"text": "2 chloride co-transporter (NKCC2) gene"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.n... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e80489b835f4e4777000022 |
factoid | How is ZP-PTH delivered to patients? | ['transdermal drug-coated microneedle patch system'] | ['ZP-PTH uses a transdermal drug-coated microneedle patch system.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567999"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567999",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "To evaluate the clinical PK/PD of PTH(1-34) delivered by a novel transdermal drug-coated microneedle patch system... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e7f64d6835f4e477700001f |
factoid | Which disease is ZP-PTH used for? | ['Osteoporosis'] | ['ZP-PTH is used for the treatment of osteoporosis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567999"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567999",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "Parathyroid hormone (1-34)-coated microneedle patch system: clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for treatment... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e7f6971835f4e4777000020 |
factoid | Which gene is mutated in the classic Bartter's syndrome? | ["Classic Bartter's syndrome has been demonstrated to result from defective chloride transport across the basolateral membrane in the distal nephron due to mutations in the chloride channel gene CLCNKB."] | ["Classic Bartter's syndrome has been demonstrated to result from defective chloride transport across the basolateral membrane in the distal nephron due to mutations in the chloride channel gene CLCNKB."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056980",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28555925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19050915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9587066"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28555925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 308,
"text": "The highly variable phenotypes observed in patients with classic Bartter's syndrome (BS) remain unsatisfactorily ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e805e62835f4e4777000023 |
factoid | What is the purpose of the Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds (UC2) search tool? | ['Metabolite annotation by database searching in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics'] | ['The Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds (UC2) search tool uses unique connectivity of uncharged compounds for metabolite annotation by database searching in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.', 'The Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds (UC2) search tool uses unique connectivity of uncharged compounds ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29040459"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29040459",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "UC2 search: using unique connectivity of uncharged compounds for metabolite annotation by database searching in mass spe... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e52a3416d0a277941000043 |
factoid | Name a selective NK3R agonist. | ['senktide'] | ['Senktide is a highly potent and selective NK3R agonist.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29902942"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29902942",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 948,
"offsetInEndSection": 1153,
"text": "Administration of senktide, highly potent and selective NK3R agonist, resulted in increase of serum LH concentr... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5438c3b761aafe09000003 |
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