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4.35k
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid
|
Where are pannexins localized?
|
['In membranes']
|
['Pannexins (Panxs) are a multifaceted family of ion and metabolite channels that play key roles in a number of physiological and pathophysiological settings. These single membrane large-pore channels exhibit a variety of tissue, cell type, and subcellular distributions.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29932112",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28735901",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25505382",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386583",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24300303"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28735901",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Pannexins are a family of integral membrane proteins with distinct post-translational modifications, sub-cellular localization and tissue distribution. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29932112",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "Pannexins (Panx1, 2, 3) are channel-forming glycoproteins expressed in mammalian tissues."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386583",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 361,
"text": "Pannexins (Panx) are proteins with a similar membrane topology to connexins, the integral membrane protein of gap junctions. Panx1 channels are generally of major importance in a large number of system and cellular processes and their function has been thoroughly characterized. In contrast, little is known about channel structure and subcellular distribution."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24300303",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 270,
"text": "Pannexins (Panxs) are a multifaceted family of ion and metabolite channels that play key roles in a number of physiological and pathophysiological settings. These single membrane large-pore channels exhibit a variety of tissue, cell type, and subcellular distributions. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25505382",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 224,
"text": "Pannexins (Panx) are proteins homologous to the invertebrate gap junction proteins called innexins (Inx) and are traditionally described as transmembrane channels connecting the intracellular and extracellular compartments. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c7d5fcfd774d04240000011
|
factoid
|
Which tool is used to visualise the junction sites of chloroplast genomes?
|
['IRscope']
|
['IRscope is an online program to visualize the junction sites of chloroplast genomes. It allows the users to depict the genetic architecture of up to ten chloroplast genomes in the vicinity of the sites connecting the inverted repeats to the short and long single copy regions. The software and its dependent libraries are fully coded in R and the reflected plot is scaled up to realistic size of nucleotide base pairs in the vicinity of the junction sites. The input of the program is an annotation GenBank (.gb) file, the accession or GI number of the sequence or a DOGMA output file.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659705"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 82,
"text": "IRscope: an online program to visualize the junction sites of chloroplast genomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659705",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 248,
"offsetInEndSection": 1297,
"text": "Here, we announce a new visualization tool that is specifically designed for chloroplast genomes. It allows the users to depict the genetic architecture of up to ten chloroplast genomes in the vicinity of the sites connecting the inverted repeats to the short and long single copy regions. The software and its dependent libraries are fully coded in R and the reflected plot is scaled up to realistic size of nucleotide base pairs in the vicinity of the junction sites. We introduce a website for easier use of the program and R source code of the software to be used in case of preferences to be changed and integrated into personal pipelines. The input of the program is an annotation GenBank (.gb) file, the accession or GI number of the sequence or a DOGMA output file. The software was tested using over a 100 embryophyte chloroplast genomes and in all cases a reliable output was obtained.Availability and implementation: Source codes and the online suit available at https://irscope.shinyapps.io/irapp/ or https://github.com/Limpfrog/irscope."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 203,
"text": "IRscope: an online program to visualize the junction sites of chloroplast genomes.Source codes and the online suit available at https://irscope.shinyapps.io/irapp/ or https://github.com/Limpfrog/irscope."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c6acb107c78d6947100001f
|
factoid
|
What is the difference between CRISPR-Cas12a and CRISPR-Cpf1?
|
['None']
|
['CRISPR-Cas12a and CRISPR-Cpf1 refer to the same thing.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29189942"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29189942",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 584,
"offsetInEndSection": 1035,
"text": "n the present review, we attempt to highlight most recent advances in CRISPR-Cpf1 (CRISPR-Cas12a) system in particular, considering ground expeditions of the nature and the biology of this system, introducing novel Cpf1 variants that have broadened the versatility and feasibility of CRISPR-Cpf1 system, and lastly the great impact of the CRISPR-Cpf1 system on the manipulation of the genome of prokaryotic, mammalian, and plant models is summarized. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c8fee200101eac87000000f
|
factoid
|
Which Python tool has been developed for network-based stratification of tumor mutations?
|
['PyNBS']
|
['PyNBS is a modularized Python 2.7 implementation of the network-based stratification (NBS) algorithm for stratifying tumor somatic mutation profiles into molecularly and clinically relevant subtypes.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29608663"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29608663",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 83,
"text": "pyNBS: a Python implementation for network-based stratification of tumor mutations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29608663",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 217,
"text": "We present pyNBS: a modularized Python 2.7 implementation of the network-based stratification (NBS) algorithm for stratifying tumor somatic mutation profiles into molecularly and clinically relevant subtypes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29608663",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "Summary\nWe present pyNBS: a modularized Python 2.7 implementation of the network-based stratification (NBS) algorithm for stratifying tumor somatic mutation profiles into molecularly and clinically relevant subtypes."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29608663",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 206,
"text": "pyNBS: a Python implementation for network-based stratification of tumor mutations.The package, along with examples and data, can be downloaded and installed from the URL https://github.com/idekerlab/pyNBS."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29608663",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 224,
"text": "<b>Summary</b>: We present pyNBS: a modularized Python 2.7 implementation of the network-based stratification (NBS) algorithm for stratifying tumor somatic mutation profiles into molecularly and clinically relevant subtypes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29608663",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 208,
"text": "We present pyNBS: a modularized Python 2.7 implementation of the network-based stratification (NBS) algorithm for stratifying tumor somatic mutation profiles into molecularly and clinically relevant subtypes."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c6ad2997c78d69471000020
|
factoid
|
Through which protein interaction does MLP regulate F-actin dynamics?
|
['Cofilin 2']
|
['The interaction of MLP with CFL2 has direct implications in actin cytoskeleton dynamics in regulating CFL2-dependent F-actin depolymerization, with maximal depolymerization enhancement at an MLP/CFL2 molecular ratio of 2:1. Deregulation of this interaction by intracellular pH variations, CFL2 phosphorylation, MLP or CFL2 gene mutations, or expression changes, as observed in a range of cardiac and skeletal myopathies, could impair F-actin depolymerization, leading to sarcomere dysfunction and disease.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19752190"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19752190",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Muscle LIM protein interacts with cofilin 2 and regulates F-actin dynamics in cardiac and skeletal muscle."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19752190",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 973,
"offsetInEndSection": 1462,
"text": "This interaction has direct implications in actin cytoskeleton dynamics in regulating CFL2-dependent F-actin depolymerization, with maximal depolymerization enhancement at an MLP/CFL2 molecular ratio of 2:1. Deregulation of this interaction by intracellular pH variations, CFL2 phosphorylation, MLP or CFL2 gene mutations, or expression changes, as observed in a range of cardiac and skeletal myopathies, could impair F-actin depolymerization, leading to sarcomere dysfunction and disease."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c8fef490101eac870000010
|
factoid
|
Where is fatty acid binding protein 2 expressed?
|
['intestinal epithelial cells']
|
['fatty acid binding protein 2 is expressed by intestinal epithelial cells']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29032508",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17960769",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20670215",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18634911",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26547205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18440731"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18634911",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 15,
"offsetInEndSection": 75,
"text": " human intestinal fatty acid binding protein 2 gene (FABP2) "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18440731",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 138,
"text": "The human fatty acid binding protein (FABP2) is involved in intestinal absorption and intracellular trafficking of long-chain fatty acids."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17960769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 154,
"text": "The human intestinal fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) mediates fat absorption by binding and intracellular trafficking of long-chain free fatty acids."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20670215",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 839,
"offsetInEndSection": 905,
"text": "intestinal epithelial cells [FABP2 (fatty acid binding protein 2),"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29032508",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1036,
"offsetInEndSection": 1127,
"text": "enterocyte markers like villin, zonula occluden (ZO1), fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2)"
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c8d15cf0101eac870000009
|
factoid
|
Which gene mutation is associated with Woodhouse Sakati syndrome?
|
['DCAF17']
|
['DCAF17 mutations are associated with Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by alopecia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, sensorineural hearing loss, diabetes mellitus, and extrapyramidal movements.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30409855",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26664771",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612766",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29574468",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24464444"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29574468",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "Phenotypic Variability of c.436delC DCAF17 Gene Mutation in Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29574468",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 606,
"offsetInEndSection": 801,
"text": " CASE REPORT We illustrate the phenotypic variability of 5 patients with WSS due to the previously reported homozygous single nucleotide deletion c.436delC in the DCAF17 gene, identified in 2008."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30409855",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 187,
"offsetInEndSection": 261,
"text": "The disease is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the DCAF17 gene."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612766",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 229,
"offsetInEndSection": 363,
"text": "Sequence variants in the gene DCAF17, encoding nucleolar substrate receptor, were identified as the underlying cause of inherited WSS."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612766",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "Exome sequencing revealed a novel biallelic deletion in the DCAF17 gene underlying Woodhouse Sakati syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612766",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 698,
"offsetInEndSection": 873,
"text": "Exome sequencing identified a novel single base deletion variant (c.270delA; K90Nfs8*) in third exon of the gene DCAF17 (RefSeq; NM_025000), resulting in a truncated protein. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26664771",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 919,
"offsetInEndSection": 1134,
"text": "DCAF17 mutations are associated with Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by alopecia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, sensorineural hearing loss, diabetes mellitus, and extrapyramidal movements. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24464444",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 169,
"offsetInEndSection": 316,
"text": "The responsible gene, DCAF17 located on chromosome 2q31.1, was discovered in 2008 and to date nine mutations have been reported in the literature. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26664771",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 919,
"offsetInEndSection": 1133,
"text": "DCAF17 mutations are associated with Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by alopecia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, sensorineural hearing loss, diabetes mellitus, and extrapyramidal movements."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29574468",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 326,
"text": "Phenotypic Variability of c.436delC DCAF17 Gene Mutation in Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome.BACKGROUND Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome (WSS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition that was first described in 1983. Since its original description, approximately 50 cases have been reported with various clinical signs and symptoms. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29574468",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 693,
"offsetInEndSection": 1060,
"text": "CASE REPORT We illustrate the phenotypic variability of 5 patients with WSS due to the previously reported homozygous single nucleotide deletion c.436delC in the DCAF17 gene, identified in 2008. Despite identical genetic alteration, our 5 patients had various clinical features among them and compared with previously reported cases with the same pathogenic mutation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30409855",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 163,
"offsetInEndSection": 237,
"text": "The disease is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the DCAF17 gene."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c72f5247c78d6947100007e
|
factoid
|
Losigamone can be used for treatment of which disease?
|
['epilepsy']
|
['Losigamone is sometimes used as an add-on therapy for epilepsy.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23683707",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21429248",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9421300",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15638775",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20650103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661741",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12972172",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15112861",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21549021",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 45,
"text": "Losigamone add-on therapy for focal epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 292,
"offsetInEndSection": 463,
"text": "In recent years, many newer AEDs have been investigated as add-on therapy for focal epilepsy; losigamone is one of these drugs and is the focus of this systematic review. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1901,
"offsetInEndSection": 2242,
"text": "For the efficacy outcomes, results did show that participants taking losigamone were significantly more likely to achieve a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.72), but associated with a significant increase of treatment withdrawal when compared with those taking placebo (RR 2.16, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.67). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2922,
"offsetInEndSection": 3137,
"text": "AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The results of this review showed that losigamone did reduce seizure frequency but was associated with more treatment withdrawals when used as an add-on therapy for people with focal epilepsy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661741",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 47,
"text": "Losigamone add-on therapy for partial epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661741",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 269,
"offsetInEndSection": 442,
"text": "In recent years, many newer AEDs have been investigated as add-on therapy for partial epilepsy; losigamone is one of these drugs and is the focus of this systematic review. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661741",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1970,
"offsetInEndSection": 2302,
"text": "For the efficacy outcomes, results did show patients taking losigamone were significantly more likely to achieve a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (RR 1.76; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.72), but associated with a significant increase of treatment withdrawal when compared with those taking placebo (RR 2.16; 95% CI 1.28 to 3.67). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661741",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2966,
"offsetInEndSection": 3178,
"text": "AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The results of this review showed losigamone did reduce seizure frequency but was associated with more treatment withdrawals when used as an add-on therapy for people with partial epilepsy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23683707",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 396,
"offsetInEndSection": 532,
"text": "For topiramate, felbamate, retigabine, losigamone and stiripentol, GABAAR modulation is one of several possible antiseizure mechanisms. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 47,
"text": "Losigamone add-on therapy for partial epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 278,
"offsetInEndSection": 465,
"text": "In recent years, many newer antiepileptic drugs have been investigated as add-on therapy for partial epilepsy; losigamone is one of these drugs and is the focus of this systematic review."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1809,
"offsetInEndSection": 2141,
"text": "For the efficacy outcomes, results did show patients taking losigamone were significantly more likely to achieve a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (RR 1.75; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.72), but associated with a significant increase of treatment withdrawal when compared with those taking placebo (RR 2.16; 95% CI 1.28 to 3.67). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2792,
"offsetInEndSection": 3004,
"text": "AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The results of this review showed losigamone can reduce seizure frequency but was associated with more treatment withdrawals when used as an add-on therapy for people with partial epilepsy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21549021",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1373,
"offsetInEndSection": 2428,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antiepileptic drugs after a single seizure; monotherapy for partial epilepsy using carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, sodium valproate, or topiramate; addition of second-line drugs for drug-resistant partial epilepsy (allopurinol, eslicarbazepine, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, losigamone, oxcarbazepine, retigabine, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, or zonisamide); antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with partial or generalised epilepsy who are in remission; behavioural and psychological treatments for partial or generalised epilepsy (biofeedback, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), educational programmes, family counselling, relaxation therapy (alone or plus behavioural modification therapy, yoga); and surgery for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy ( lesionectomy, temporal lobectomy, vagus nerve stimulation as adjunctive therapy)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21429248",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1373,
"offsetInEndSection": 2428,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antiepileptic drugs after a single seizure; monotherapy for partial epilepsy using carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, sodium valproate, or topiramate; addition of second-line drugs for drug-resistant partial epilepsy (allopurinol, eslicarbazepine, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, losigamone, oxcarbazepine, retigabine, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, or zonisamide); antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with partial or generalised epilepsy who are in remission; behavioural and psychological treatments for partial or generalised epilepsy (biofeedback, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), educational programmes, family counselling, relaxation therapy (alone or plus behavioural modification therapy, yoga); and surgery for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy ( lesionectomy, temporal lobectomy, vagus nerve stimulation as adjunctive therapy)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15638775",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1439,
"offsetInEndSection": 1770,
"text": "This is supplemented by the mechanisms of drug action at these important anticonvulsant targets for classical and clinically relevant compounds (e.g. phenytoin, ethosuximide) as well as some important second generation drugs (e.g. gabapentin, levetiracetam) and novel experimental agents (e.g. retigabine, losigamone, safinamide). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15112861",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 267,
"text": "OBJECTIVES: The influence of the new antiepileptic drug losigamone (CAS 112856-44-7/123783-52-8) on the pharmacokinetics of a combined oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol (CAS 57-63-6) and levonorgestrel (CAS 797-63-7) was investigated in 16 healthy women."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12972172",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of two different dosages of Losigamone (LSG) in add-on treatment of partial seizures."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12972172",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1551,
"offsetInEndSection": 1664,
"text": "Based on the study's results, LSG is an effective and safe add-on drug for refractory partial epilepsy in adults."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2804,
"offsetInEndSection": 3014,
"text": "AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS\nThe results of this review showed losigamone can reduce seizure frequency but was associated with more treatment withdrawals when used as an add-on therapy for people with partial epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 467,
"offsetInEndSection": 583,
"text": "OBJECTIVES\nTo investigate the efficacy and safety of losigamone when used as an add-on therapy for partial epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 978,
"offsetInEndSection": 1088,
"text": "SELECTION CRITERIA\nRandomized controlled add-on trials comparing losigamone with placebo for partial epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 277,
"offsetInEndSection": 464,
"text": "In recent years, many newer antiepileptic drugs have been investigated as add-on therapy for partial epilepsy; losigamone is one of these drugs and is the focus of this systematic review."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1622,
"offsetInEndSection": 1714,
"text": "Both trials assessed losigamone 1200 or 1500 mg/d as an add-on therapy for partial epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2934,
"offsetInEndSection": 3147,
"text": "AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS\nThe results of this review showed that losigamone did reduce seizure frequency but was associated with more treatment withdrawals when used as an add-on therapy for people with focal epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661741",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2978,
"offsetInEndSection": 3188,
"text": "AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS\nThe results of this review showed losigamone did reduce seizure frequency but was associated with more treatment withdrawals when used as an add-on therapy for people with partial epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 604,
"offsetInEndSection": 718,
"text": "OBJECTIVES\nTo investigate the efficacy and safety of losigamone when used as an add-on therapy for focal epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1818,
"offsetInEndSection": 2149,
"text": "For the efficacy outcomes, results did show patients taking losigamone were significantly more likely to achieve a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (RR 1.75; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.72), but associated with a significant increase of treatment withdrawal when compared with those taking placebo (RR 2.16; 95% CI 1.28 to 3.67)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20650103",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 564,
"offsetInEndSection": 771,
"text": "Five drugs (carbamazepine, diazepam, phenobarbital, phenytoin and valproate), currently used in the treatment of epileptic patients, were tested together with losigamone, a recently developed anticonvulsant."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2544,
"offsetInEndSection": 2801,
"text": "A subgroup analysis according to different doses of losigamone showed that a higher dose of losigamone (1500 mg/d) is associated with a greater reduction in seizure frequency than lower doses, but is also associated with more dropouts due to adverse events."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9421300",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 3,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "Losigamone is a novel anticonvulsant the mechanism of action of which is not known."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661741",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 563,
"offsetInEndSection": 679,
"text": "OBJECTIVES\nTo investigate the efficacy and safety of losigamone when used as an add-on therapy for partial epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1037,
"offsetInEndSection": 1146,
"text": "SELECTION CRITERIA\nRandomized controlled, add-on trials comparing losigamone with placebo for focal epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12972172",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1645,
"offsetInEndSection": 1758,
"text": "Based on the study's results, LSG is an effective and safe add-on drug for refractory partial epilepsy in adults."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 236,
"text": "Losigamone add-on therapy for partial epilepsy.The results of this review showed losigamone can reduce seizure frequency but was associated with more treatment withdrawals when used as an add-on therapy for people with partial epilepsy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661741",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 236,
"text": "Losigamone add-on therapy for partial epilepsy.The results of this review showed losigamone did reduce seizure frequency but was associated with more treatment withdrawals when used as an add-on therapy for people with partial epilepsy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 237,
"text": "Losigamone add-on therapy for focal epilepsy.The results of this review showed that losigamone did reduce seizure frequency but was associated with more treatment withdrawals when used as an add-on therapy for people with focal epilepsy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12972172",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 242,
"text": "Efficacy and safety of Losigamone in partial seizures: a randomized double-blind study.The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of two different dosages of Losigamone (LSG) in add-on treatment of partial seizures. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704462",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 153,
"text": "Perspectives of losigamone in epilepsy treatment.Patients with drug resistant epilepsy represent about 40% of the whole population of epileptic patients. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661741",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 449,
"offsetInEndSection": 949,
"text": "This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2012 (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 6).<br><b>OBJECTIVES</b>: To investigate the efficacy and safety of losigamone when used as an add-on therapy for partial epilepsy.<br><b>SEARCH METHODS</b>: We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group Specialized Register (16 February 2015), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library 16 February 2015) and MEDLINE (Ovid, 1946 to 16 February 2015)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2694,
"offsetInEndSection": 2883,
"text": "The results of this review showed losigamone can reduce seizure frequency but was associated with more treatment withdrawals when used as an add-on therapy for people with partial epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 454,
"offsetInEndSection": 559,
"text": "To investigate the efficacy and safety of losigamone when used as an add-on therapy for partial epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661741",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 550,
"offsetInEndSection": 655,
"text": "To investigate the efficacy and safety of losigamone when used as an add-on therapy for partial epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 591,
"offsetInEndSection": 694,
"text": "To investigate the efficacy and safety of losigamone when used as an add-on therapy for focal epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704462",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1375,
"offsetInEndSection": 1529,
"text": "In clinical trial, losigamone proved to have satisfactory effectiveness and good tolerance in the treatment of partial and secondary generalized seizures."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661741",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2868,
"offsetInEndSection": 3057,
"text": "The results of this review showed losigamone did reduce seizure frequency but was associated with more treatment withdrawals when used as an add-on therapy for people with partial epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29355908",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2824,
"offsetInEndSection": 3016,
"text": "The results of this review showed that losigamone did reduce seizure frequency but was associated with more treatment withdrawals when used as an add-on therapy for people with focal epilepsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1710,
"offsetInEndSection": 2041,
"text": "For the efficacy outcomes, results did show patients taking losigamone were significantly more likely to achieve a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (RR 1.75; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.72), but associated with a significant increase of treatment withdrawal when compared with those taking placebo (RR 2.16; 95% CI 1.28 to 3.67)."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c73acec7c78d69471000086
|
factoid
|
How many pseudokinases are there in the human kinome?
|
['Approximately 50']
|
['There are approximately 50 pseudokinases in the human kinome.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29254998"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29254998",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "The human protein kinome comprises 535 proteins that, with the exception of approximately 50 pseudokinases, control intracellular signaling networks by catalyzing the phosphorylation of multiple protein substrates. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c909b6cecadf2e73f000005
|
factoid
|
Which tool has been developed for visualization of non-covalent contacts?
|
['Protein Contacts Atlas']
|
['Visualizations of biomolecular structures empower us to gain insights into biological functions, generate testable hypotheses, and communicate biological concepts. Typical visualizations (such as ball and stick) primarily depict covalent bonds. In contrast, non-covalent contacts between atoms, which govern normal physiology, pathogenesis, and drug action, are seldom visualized. The Protein Contacts Atlas has been developed as an interactive resource of non-covalent contacts from over 100,000 PDB crystal structures. This resource enables researchers from different disciplines to investigate diverse questions in the framework of non-covalent contacts, including the interpretation of allostery, disease mutations and polymorphisms, by exploring individual subunits, interfaces, and protein-ligand contacts and by mapping external information.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29335563"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29335563",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Visualization and analysis of non-covalent contacts using the Protein Contacts Atlas."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29335563",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1052,
"text": "Visualizations of biomolecular structures empower us to gain insights into biological functions, generate testable hypotheses, and communicate biological concepts. Typical visualizations (such as ball and stick) primarily depict covalent bonds. In contrast, non-covalent contacts between atoms, which govern normal physiology, pathogenesis, and drug action, are seldom visualized. We present the Protein Contacts Atlas, an interactive resource of non-covalent contacts from over 100,000 PDB crystal structures. We developed multiple representations for visualization and analysis of non-covalent contacts at different scales of organization: atoms, residues, secondary structure, subunits, and entire complexes. The Protein Contacts Atlas enables researchers from different disciplines to investigate diverse questions in the framework of non-covalent contacts, including the interpretation of allostery, disease mutations and polymorphisms, by exploring individual subunits, interfaces, and protein-ligand contacts and by mapping external information."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29335563",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 712,
"offsetInEndSection": 1052,
"text": "The Protein Contacts Atlas enables researchers from different disciplines to investigate diverse questions in the framework of non-covalent contacts, including the interpretation of allostery, disease mutations and polymorphisms, by exploring individual subunits, interfaces, and protein-ligand contacts and by mapping external information."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29335563",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 381,
"offsetInEndSection": 510,
"text": "We present the Protein Contacts Atlas, an interactive resource of non-covalent contacts from over 100,000 PDB crystal structures."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29335563",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "Visualization and analysis of non-covalent contacts using the Protein Contacts Atlas.Visualizations of biomolecular structures empower us to gain insights into biological functions, generate testable hypotheses, and communicate biological concepts. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c6d65637c78d69471000038
|
factoid
|
Which was the first approved tumor treatment using a common biomarker rather than specified tumor locations in the body?
|
['Keytruda']
|
['The first approved tumor treatment using a common biomarker rather than specified tumor locations in the body was Keytruda, which is a treatment for cancer patients with positive microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) markers or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) markers.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29209918"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29209918",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 334,
"text": "On May 23, 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a treatment for cancer patients with positive microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) markers or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) markers. This approach is the first approved tumor treatment using a common biomarker rather than specified tumor locations in the body."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c915a8becadf2e73f000009
|
factoid
|
What is the route of administration of apixaban?
|
['Oral']
|
['Apixaban is administered orally.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653758"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653758",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 834,
"text": "Apixaban (Eliquis®) is an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor that is available for use in the treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Like other direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), apixaban has generally predictable pharmacological properties and does not require routine anticoagulation monitoring. In large phase III trials, oral apixaban was noninferior to subcutaneous enoxaparin sodium overlapped with and followed by oral warfarin (enoxaparin/warfarin) in the treatment of adults with acute VTE over 6 months with regard to the incidence of recurrent VTE or VTE-related death (AMPLIFY), and was significantly more effective than placebo in the prevention of recurrent VTE or all-cause mortality over 12 months in patients who had completed 6-12 months' anticoagulation treatment for VTE (AMPLIFY-EXT). "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c920df7ecadf2e73f00000f
|
factoid
|
What is the cause of a STAG3 truncating variant?
|
['Primary ovarian insufficiency', 'POI']
|
['Linkage analysis identified a locus on chromosome 7 where exome sequencing successfully identified a homozygous two base pair duplication (c.1947_48dupCT), leading to a truncated protein p.(Y650Sfs*22) in the STAG3 gene, confirming it as the cause of POI in this family', 'Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a distressing cause of infertility in young women. POI is heterogeneous with only a few causative genes having been discovered so far. Linkage analysis identified a locus on chromosome 7 where exome sequencing successfully identified a homozygous two base pair duplication (c.1947_48dupCT), leading to a truncated protein p.(Y650Sfs*22) in the STAG3 gene, confirming it as the cause of POI in this family.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27836978",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26059840",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30006057"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26059840",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "STAG3 truncating variant as the cause of primary ovarian insufficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26059840",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1233,
"text": "Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a distressing cause of infertility in young women. POI is heterogeneous with only a few causative genes having been discovered so far. Our objective was to determine the genetic cause of POI in a consanguineous Lebanese family with two affected sisters presenting with primary amenorrhoea and an absence of any pubertal development. Multipoint parametric linkage analysis was performed. Whole-exome sequencing was done on the proband. Linkage analysis identified a locus on chromosome 7 where exome sequencing successfully identified a homozygous two base pair duplication (c.1947_48dupCT), leading to a truncated protein p.(Y650Sfs*22) in the STAG3 gene, confirming it as the cause of POI in this family. Exome sequencing combined with linkage analyses offers a powerful tool to efficiently find novel genetic causes of rare, heterogeneous disorders, even in small single families. This is only the second report of a STAG3 variant; the first STAG3 variant was recently described in a phenotypically similar family with extreme POI. Identification of an additional family highlights the importance of STAG3 in POI pathogenesis and suggests it should be evaluated in families affected with POI."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26059840",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "STAG3 truncating variant as the cause of primary ovarian insufficiency.Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a distressing cause of infertility in young women. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30006057",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "Two rare loss-of-function variants in the STAG3 gene leading to primary ovarian insufficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27836978",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 125,
"text": "A homozygous NOBOX truncating variant causes defective transcriptional activation and leads to primary ovarian insufficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30006057",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1270,
"offsetInEndSection": 1556,
"text": "The parents' DNA was not available to segregate these variants.<br><b>CONCLUSION</b>: Our results suggested that POI is caused by pathogenic compound heterozygous variants in the STAG3 gene, supporting the key role of the STAG3 gene in the etiology of primary ovarian insufficiency.<br>"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30006057",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1410,
"offsetInEndSection": 1606,
"text": "Our results suggested that POI is caused by pathogenic compound heterozygous variants in the STAG3 gene, supporting the key role of the STAG3 gene in the etiology of primary ovarian insufficiency."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c632cc1e842deac6700000f
|
factoid
|
Which plant does oleuropein originate from?
|
['Olive tree']
|
['Oleuropein originates from olive trees, and is specifically found in olive leaf extracts.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099642"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099642",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Oleuropein Is Responsible for the Major Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Olive Leaf Extract."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099642",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 745,
"offsetInEndSection": 854,
"text": "Oleuropein is the only OLE component that has shown anti-inflammatory effects at a concentration of 20 μg/mL."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099642",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1015,
"offsetInEndSection": 1242,
"text": "Downregulation of TNFα secretion in PMNCs culture in response to OLE treatment indicates that this polyphenol-rich extract has an anti-inflammatory effect, and oleuropein is the major OLE component responsible for this effect. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c890ad575a4a5d21900000d
|
factoid
|
Reslizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to treat what specific type of asthma?
|
['eosinophilic asthma']
|
['Reslizumab in the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma:\xa0an update.', 'Reslizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to treat eosinophilic asthma']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29554826",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059618",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30346831",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27458609",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27445482",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28683596",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28344579",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29486600",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28421429",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326187"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059618",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 131,
"offsetInEndSection": 398,
"text": "Since IL-5 plays an important role in the maturation, survival and migration of eosinophils, hence the pathogenesis of eosinophilic asthma, biotherapeutics targeting IL-5/IL-5Rα have been developed and/or marketed, including Mepolizumab, Reslizumab, and Benralizumab."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29486600",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 383,
"text": "Reslizumab, a humanized mAb against IL-5, reduces the number of eosinophils in the blood and lungs. Based on efficacy and safety data from pivotal RCTs, reslizumab had been approved for use as an add-on maintenance treatment of severe asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype in adults who have a history of exacerbations despite receiving their current asthma medicines. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29554826",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 57,
"text": "Reslizumab in the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28683596",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 311,
"offsetInEndSection": 547,
"text": "Reslizumab is a humanized monoclonal (immunoglobulin G4/κ) antibody that binds with high affinity to circulating human IL-5 and downregulates the IL-5 signaling pathway, potentially disrupting the maturation and survival of eosinophils."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28421429",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 154,
"text": "Reslizumab (Cinqaero®; Cinqair®) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against interleukin-5 (IL-5), a cytokine mediator of eosinophilic airway inflammation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30346831",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nReslizumab is a humanized anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody used as add-on maintenance treatment for patients with uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27445482",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 522,
"offsetInEndSection": 920,
"text": "In particular, reslizumab is a humanized anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody that has been found to be an effective and safe add-on therapy, capable of decreasing asthma exacerbations and significantly improving disease control and lung function in patients experiencing persistent allergic or nonallergic eosinophilic asthma, despite the regular use of moderate-to-high doses of inhaled corticosteroids."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326187",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 297,
"offsetInEndSection": 483,
"text": "Reslizumab (Cinquil™) is a humanized monoclonal antibody with potent interleukin-5 neutralizing effects, which represents a potential treatment for poorly controlled eosinophilic asthma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28421429",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 155,
"offsetInEndSection": 316,
"text": "Reslizumab is indicated as an add-on treatment for severe eosinophilic asthma in adults, on the basis of data from the BREATH phase III clinical trial programme."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28421429",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 220,
"text": "Reslizumab in Eosinophilic Asthma: A Review.Reslizumab (Cinqaero<sup>®</sup>; Cinqair<sup>®</sup>) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against interleukin-5 (IL-5), a cytokine mediator of eosinophilic airway inflammation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28683596",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 477,
"offsetInEndSection": 713,
"text": "Reslizumab is a humanized monoclonal (immunoglobulin G4/κ) antibody that binds with high affinity to circulating human IL-5 and downregulates the IL-5 signaling pathway, potentially disrupting the maturation and survival of eosinophils. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326187",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 419,
"offsetInEndSection": 605,
"text": "Reslizumab (Cinquil™) is a humanized monoclonal antibody with potent interleukin-5 neutralizing effects, which represents a potential treatment for poorly controlled eosinophilic asthma. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27458609",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "Reslizumab: Maintenance treatment for eosinophilic asthma inadequately controlled on corticosteroids."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5ca0bf00ecadf2e73f000045
|
factoid
|
What is the function of the protein Magt1?
|
['Magnesium transporter']
|
['The magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) is a critical regulator of basal intracellular free magnesium ([Mg2+]i) levels.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30385806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29581357",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051561"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29581357",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 162,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30385806",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 217,
"offsetInEndSection": 244,
"text": "magnesium transporter MagT1"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "The magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) is a critical regulator of basal intracellular free magnesium ([Mg2+]i) levels. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c92869aecadf2e73f000015
|
factoid
|
What is the function of the transcriptional co-activator p300?
|
['histone acetyltransferase']
|
['The transcriptional co-activator p300 is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that is typically recruited to transcriptional enhancers and regulates gene expression by acetylating chromatin.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23211718",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30323286"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30323286",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "The transcriptional co-activator p300 is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that is typically recruited to transcriptional enhancers and regulates gene expression by acetylating chromatin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23211718",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "p300, a transcriptional co-activator with histone acetyl transferase (HAT) activity, plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in response to multiple pro-hypertrophic stimuli including hyperglycemia. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c990241ecadf2e73f00002d
|
factoid
|
What is another name for the plant Sideritis scardica?
|
['Mountain tea', 'Ironwort']
|
['Sideritis scardica is also known as ironwort or mountain tea.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22274814"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22274814",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 221,
"text": "Sideritis scardica Griseb. (ironwort, mountain tea), an endemic plant of the Balkan Peninsula, has been used in traditional medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal complaints, inflammation, and rheumatic disorders. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c890e6d75a4a5d21900000f
|
factoid
|
From where is gamabufotalin (GBT) isolated?
|
['toad venom']
|
['gamabufotalin (GBT) was isolated from toad venom.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28631214",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25175164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26894970",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30111043"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30111043",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1219,
"offsetInEndSection": 1610,
"text": "RCFs of cinobufagin to gamabufotalin, bufotalin, bufalin and resibufogenin were determined as 1.05, 0.895, 1.09 and 0.913, respectively. The characteristic chromatogram and QAMS established in this study could effectively control the quality of toad venom and provide scientific evidence for the improvement of the quality standard of the toad venom to be described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28631214",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 117,
"offsetInEndSection": 249,
"text": "We identified three bufadienolides-the steroid-like compounds arenobufagin, gamabufotalin, and telocinobufagin-from the boreal toad,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26894970",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 165,
"offsetInEndSection": 235,
"text": "In the current study, gamabufotalin (GBT) was isolated from toad venom"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25175164",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 55,
"text": "Gamabufotalin, a bufadienolide compound from toad venom"
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c9904eaecadf2e73f00002e
|
factoid
|
What is a mitosome?
|
['Simple and anaerobic mitochondria.']
|
['Mitosomes are the simplest and the least well-studied type of anaerobic mitochondria. \tThe mitosomes have abandoned typical mitochondrial traits such as the mitochondrial genome and aerobic respiration and their single role known to date is the formation of iron-sulfur clusters']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30265292",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21984067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20382757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28372543"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30265292",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 93,
"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "Mitosomes are the simplest and the least well-studied type of anaerobic mitochondria. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28372543",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 301,
"offsetInEndSection": 492,
"text": "The mitosomes have abandoned typical mitochondrial traits such as the mitochondrial genome and aerobic respiration and their single role known to date is the formation of iron-sulfur clusters"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21984067",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 59,
"offsetInEndSection": 138,
"text": "a mitosome, a relict mitochondrion with a greatly reduced metabolic capability."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20382757",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 226,
"offsetInEndSection": 421,
"text": "he highly divergent mitochondrion-related organelle, the mitosome, in the anaerobic/microaerophilic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica based on the potential mitochondrion-targeting signal."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c9a6693ecadf2e73f000031
|
factoid
|
What is the price of KYMRIAH treatment in 2019?
|
['475,000 USD']
|
['Kymriah, produced by Novartis has a price tag of US$475,000.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29764166"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29764166",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 284,
"offsetInEndSection": 646,
"text": "At the time of the writing of this article, there are two CAR T cells available, Kymriah, produced by Novrtis with a price tag of US$475,000 and Yescarta produced by Gilead Pharmaceuticals with a price tag of US$373,000, neither price including the required hospital admission in order to administer the agent in addition to potential treatment of side effects. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c897082d558e5f232000004
|
factoid
|
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is a drug target and is involved in what biosynthetic pathway
|
['pyrimidine biosynthesis']
|
['Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) mediates the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis', 'The flavoenzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth reaction of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, which exerts vital functions in the cells, especially within DNA and RNA biosynthesis', 'Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth reaction of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, which exerts vital functions in the cells, especially within DNA and RNA biosynthesis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26088338",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17228860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30145372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1617622",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22542640",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18842591",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24900364",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30233375",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20702404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1348618",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30200251",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16172019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27481247",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18312275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19351152",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27744189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28666740",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25945707",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2386542",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580100"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30145372",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 218,
"text": "The flavoenzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth reaction of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, which exerts vital functions in the cells, especially within DNA and RNA biosynthesis. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30233375",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (HsDHODH) is a key enzyme of pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis pathway"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27481247",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 251,
"text": "Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) mediates the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is a proven drug target for inducing immunosuppression in therapy of human disease as well as a rapidly emerging drug target for treatment of malaria."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 651,
"offsetInEndSection": 858,
"text": "This review focuses on recent studies to exploit the fourth enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway of P. falciparum, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH), as a new target for drug discovery."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28666740",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "The flavoenzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase catalyzes the stereoselective oxidation of (S)-dihydroorotate to orotate in the fourth of the six conserved enzymatic reactions involved in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17228860",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 132,
"offsetInEndSection": 283,
"text": "A set of compounds designed to inhibit the Plasmodium falciparum pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) was synthesized."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16172019",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 189,
"text": "Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD) is the fourth enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway and is essential in Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasitic protist causing Chagas' disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18312275",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 97,
"offsetInEndSection": 304,
"text": "Hence, we evaluated the essentiality of one enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) from the eukaryotic parasite Trypanosoma brucei through gene knockdown studies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19351152",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 145,
"offsetInEndSection": 327,
"text": "Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme catalyzing the only redox reaction of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, is a well-characterized target for chemotherapeutical intervention."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24900364",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 314,
"text": "Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) for P. falciparum potentially represents a new treatment option for malaria, since DHODH catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway and P. falciparum is unable to salvage pyrimidines and must rely on de novo biosynthesis for survival."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27744189",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 68,
"offsetInEndSection": 315,
"text": "An important target for antimalarial chemotherapy is the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase from Plasmodium falciparum (PfDHODH), which is responsible for the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26088338",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 273,
"offsetInEndSection": 453,
"text": "Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway which is an important target for anti-hyperproliferative and anti-inflammatory drug design."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22542640",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 199,
"text": "Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is the fourth enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway and has been exploited as the target for therapy against proliferative and parasitic diseases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20702404",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 170,
"offsetInEndSection": 339,
"text": "Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway and represents a potential target for anti-malarial therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25945707",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 170,
"text": "The enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a flavoenzyme that catalyses the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate in the de novo pyrimidine-biosynthesis pathway."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1348618",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Dihydroorotase and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, two enzymes of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, were purified from Plasmodium berghei to apparent homogeneity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18842591",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 215,
"offsetInEndSection": 410,
"text": "Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD), a mitochondrially localized flavoenzyme, catalyzes the rate-limiting step of this pathway and is therefore an attractive antimalarial chemotherapeutic target."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30233375",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (HsDHODH) is a key enzyme of pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis pathway."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19351152",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 280,
"offsetInEndSection": 462,
"text": "Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme catalyzing the only redox reaction of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, is a well-characterized target for chemotherapeutical intervention. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580100",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 263,
"text": "Biochemical and molecular characterization of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase from Toxoplasma gondii.The pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway in the protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii is essential for parasite growth during infection. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 748,
"offsetInEndSection": 955,
"text": "This review focuses on recent studies to exploit the fourth enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway of P. falciparum, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH), as a new target for drug discovery. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1617622",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 306,
"text": "The novel anticancer drug candidate brequinar sodium (DuP 785, NSC 368390, 6-fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-3-methyl-4-quinoline- carboxylic acid sodium salt) was shown previously to be an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30200251",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 189,
"text": "Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, is the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine synthesis and is used to oxidize dihydroorotate and hence to orotat."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2386542",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 303,
"text": "The novel anticancer drug candidate brequinar sodium [DuP 785, NSC 368390, 6-fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-3-methyl-4-quinoline carboxylic acid sodium salt] inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway leading to the formation of UMP."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5cb0856decadf2e73f000058
|
factoid
|
What is the indication for KYMRIAH?
|
['children and young adults with refractory or relapse B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia']
|
['Kymriah™ has been approved for the treatment of pediatric patients and young adults with refractory or relapse (R/R) B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29501911"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29501911",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 357,
"text": "Two autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies (Kymriah™ and Yescarta™) were recently approved by the FDA. Kymriah™ is for the treatment of pediatric patients and young adults with refractory or relapse (R/R) B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Yescarta™ is for the treatment of adult patients with R/R large B cell lymphoma. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c896f60d558e5f232000003
|
factoid
|
What is the effect of NFIA on astrocyte differentiation?
|
['Promotes', 'Induces']
|
['NFIA promotes astrocyte differentiation from neural precursor cells.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30290178"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30290178",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 647,
"offsetInEndSection": 857,
"text": "By searching for transcription factors that function at these elements, we identified NFIA and ATF3 as drivers of astrocyte differentiation from neural precursor cells while RUNX2 promotes astrocyte maturation."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c8fe1f10101eac87000000a
|
factoid
|
Where is the protein protamine 2 expressed?
|
['sperm cells']
|
['Human sperm express two types of protamine: protamine 1 (P1) and the family of protamine 2 (P2) proteins.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28666211",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24869677",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28748416",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516990",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26801756"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28748416",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 259,
"text": "This work aimed at investigating the effect of resveratrol on (1) DNA integrity and (2) fertilizing capacity of sperm by quantifying the presence of key paternal transcripts considered as markers for male fertility (protamine 1 [PRM1] and protamine 2 [PRM2]) "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28666211",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1186,
"offsetInEndSection": 1323,
"text": "biomarkers associated with spermatogenesis, including azoospermia-like (DAZL), phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK2), and protamine 2 (PRM2). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26801756",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": " Protamines are sperm nuclear proteins with a crucial role in chromatin condensation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516990",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 481,
"offsetInEndSection": 570,
"text": "Expression of germ cell-specific proteins such as POU5F1, DAZL, TNP1, TNP2, PRM1 and PRM2"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24869677",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "Human sperm express two types of protamine: protamine 1 (P1) and the family of protamine 2 (P2) proteins,"
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c9e6407ecadf2e73f000034
|
factoid
|
Which company developed opdivo?
|
['Bristol-Myers Squibb']
|
['Opdivo or nivolumab was developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30293207"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30293207",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 297,
"text": "As part of its single technology appraisal (STA) process, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) invited the manufacturer (Bristol-Myers Squibb) of nivolumab (Opdivo®) to submit evidence of its clinical and cost effectiveness for metastatic or unresectable urothelial cancer."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c910ae0ecadf2e73f000007
|
factoid
|
What are DMARDs?
|
['Disease Modifying anti-rheumatic drugs']
|
['To determine the utility of ultrasonography in guiding modification of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) and steroid therapy for inflammatory arthritis (IA)', 'DMARDs are Disease Modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD).', 'Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) was 61% (claims data)', 'Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)', 'Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) was 61% (claims data) and']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22420649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20681888",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27604908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28324149",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25603037",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25630309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27538766",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25244345",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25943001",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25943002",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22298075",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129128",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23961667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824833",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448932",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24470443",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23959574",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9608316",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28679392",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12468815",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23716132"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27538766",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "To determine the utility of ultrasonography in guiding modification of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) and steroid therapy for inflammatory arthritis (IA)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27604908",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 216,
"offsetInEndSection": 262,
"text": "disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28324149",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1290,
"offsetInEndSection": 1352,
"text": "Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23961667",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 49,
"text": "[DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs)]."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23961667",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 145,
"text": "Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have largely contributed to recent paradigm shift of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment strategy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28679392",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nBiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are increasingly used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25630309",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 224,
"text": "Tocilizumab (TCZ) and tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) are recommended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with inadequate response (IR) to prior disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25943001",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 308,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disorder of joints that is associated with high health care costs, yet guidance is lacking on how early to initiate biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), a class of medications that is the major cost driver in RA management."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12468815",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nTherapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is typically characterized by the sequential use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 222,
"text": "There are only six DMARDs (disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) available in the clinical practice, such as gold sodium thiomalate, D-penicillamine, bucillamine, auranofin, salazosulphapyridine, and lobenzarit disodium."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23716132",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Tofacitinib (Xeljanz(®)) is the first approved drug in a new class of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24470443",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nDisease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the standard of care for rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, studies have found that many patients do not receive them."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23959574",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the cornerstone of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pharmacotherapy and should be initiated promptly after RA diagnosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129128",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "OBJECTIVES\nWhen rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have achieved sustained good clinical responses can their disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) be reduced or discontinued?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25943002",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 302,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nGiven the availability of a number of alternative biologic treatment options and other novel disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), clinicians are faced with an increasingly challenging choice regarding optimal treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22420649",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 245,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nTreatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may improve outcomes compared to conventional therapy (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intra-articular corticosteroids)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25244345",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 195,
"text": "Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is a category of drugs which is used as medication in various arthritic conditions to arrest the progression of disease along with relief from pain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22298075",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 156,
"offsetInEndSection": 330,
"text": "For this purpose, all patients with the diagnosis of RA should be treated by disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including biologic DMARDs and non-biologic DMARDs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448932",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 327,
"offsetInEndSection": 408,
"text": "(2) What is the search volume for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824833",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 234,
"text": "<b>OBJECTIVES</b>: Patients and rheumatologists have a number of options to consider for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including biologic response modifier (BRM) therapy and diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504789",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "To explore what considerations patients have when deciding about disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and what information patients need to participate in the decision-making process."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9608316",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 186,
"text": "Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy is now clearly accepted as the primary treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, with an increasing emphasis on use of combination therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448932",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 304,
"offsetInEndSection": 385,
"text": "(2) What is the search volume for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20681888",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "The efficacy of the biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) shown in clinical trials may be jeopardized due to prevalent poor patient adherence."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25603037",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 169,
"offsetInEndSection": 496,
"text": "Although methotrexate has retained its place as the first-line agent, there has been great interest in comparing biologicals to conventional Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) over the past few years with the updated guidelines from both the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c960f21ecadf2e73f000020
|
factoid
|
What is the aim of the MitoCeption protocol?
|
['Mitochondrial transfer']
|
['The MitoCeption protocol directly and quantitatively transfer mitochondria, isolated from cell type A, to recipient cell type B.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28287607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766410"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28287607",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 782,
"offsetInEndSection": 1000,
"text": " The MitoCeption protocol described here allows the transfer of the mitochondria isolated beforehand from the donor cells to the target cells, using MSC mitochondria and glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) as a model system."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766410",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 474,
"offsetInEndSection": 618,
"text": "We designed a protocol (MitoCeption) to directly and quantitatively transfer mitochondria, isolated from cell type A, to recipient cell type B. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c9e6e99ecadf2e73f000036
|
factoid
|
What is the cause of Krabbe disease?
|
['deficiency of β-galactocerebrosidase']
|
['Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), or Krabbe disease, is an inherited, neurologic disorder that results from deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme, galactosylceramidase.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29316812",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28598007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29391017"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28598007",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "Krabbe disease (KD) is a rare disease caused by the deficiency of β-galactocerebrosidase. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29316812",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), or Krabbe disease, is an inherited, neurologic disorder that results from deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme, galactosylceramidase."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29391017",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "Krabbe disease is a rare neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by deficiency of galactocerebrosidase. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c9efde8ecadf2e73f000039
|
factoid
|
Name a CFL2 mutation which is associated with nemaline myopathy?
|
['c.19G>A', 'p.Val7Met']
|
['A mutation in CFL2 was identified in a family with nemaline myopathy, namely a homozygous missense mutation in exon 2 (c.19G>A, p.Val7Met).']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22560515"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22560515",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 469,
"offsetInEndSection": 703,
"text": "Because a mutation in CFL2 was identified in a family with nemaline myopathy, we performed sequence analysis of the gene and a novel homozygous missense mutation in exon 2 (c.19G>A, p.Val7Met) of CFL2 was identified in both siblings. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c89623bf9c2ba6b28000004
|
factoid
|
What cellular process is the gene product of NANOG involved in?
|
['regulation of transcription']
|
['NANOG is a transcription factor and a biomarker of cancer and pluripotent stem cells.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26339994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29177763",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414604",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29243835",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29486740",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29204746",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28866747"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28866747",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "The objective of this study was to explore the prognostic value of cancer stem cell markers, namely CD133, NANOG, and NOTCH1, in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29177763",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 320,
"offsetInEndSection": 378,
"text": " transcription factors (TFs) such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29243835",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 569,
"offsetInEndSection": 636,
"text": "expression of breast CSCs markers (CD44, ALDH1A1, Nanog, and Oct4),"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29204746",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1266,
"offsetInEndSection": 1310,
"text": "pluripotency markers OCT-4, SOX-2 and NANOG "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414604",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 232,
"offsetInEndSection": 377,
"text": "The obtained induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line showed pluripotency verified by the expression of pluripotency markers, NANOG, SOX2, OCT4,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26339994",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 128,
"offsetInEndSection": 226,
"text": "Nanog is one of the transcription factors that are essential for stem cellular physiology process."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29486740",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 975,
"offsetInEndSection": 1069,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS\nNanog has been recognized as a critical pluripotency gene in stem cell regulation."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c9789a9ecadf2e73f000024
|
factoid
|
Rickettsia felis was described as a human pathogen almost two decades ago, what is it's main arthropod vector?
|
['Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis)']
|
['Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) carry Rickettsia felis', 'Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) carrying Rickettsia felis and Bartonella species in Hong Kong.', 'Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) carrying Rickettsia felis and Bartonella species in Hong Kong']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19645274",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26824189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21722253",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24149035",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29217417",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29079185"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29217417",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) carrying Rickettsia felis and Bartonella species in Hong Kong."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29217417",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 231,
"offsetInEndSection": 358,
"text": " Morphological examination of 174 fleas from dogs and cats living in Hong Kong revealed only cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24149035",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 375,
"offsetInEndSection": 560,
"text": "The main arthropod reservoir and vector is the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, yet more than 20 other species of fleas, ticks, and mites species have been reported to harbour R. felis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19645274",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 207,
"offsetInEndSection": 437,
"text": "The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, is currently the only known biological vector of R. felis; however, molecular evidence of R. felis in other species of fleas as well as in ticks and mites suggests a variety of arthropod hosts."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21722253",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 451,
"text": "Rickettsia felis: from a rare disease in the USA to a common cause of fever in sub-Saharan Africa.Rickettsia felis is a spotted fever group rickettsia that has been definitely described in 2002. Within the last 20 years, there have been a growing number of reports implicating R. felis as a human pathogen, parallel to the fast-growing reports of the worldwide detection of R. felis in arthropod hosts, mainly the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24149035",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 437,
"offsetInEndSection": 622,
"text": "The main arthropod reservoir and vector is the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, yet more than 20 other species of fleas, ticks, and mites species have been reported to harbour R. felis. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26824189",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 98,
"offsetInEndSection": 234,
"text": "Another rickettsia, Rickettsia felis, found in cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis, has also been implicated as a potential human pathogen."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c9791d2ecadf2e73f000026
|
factoid
|
What is a exposome?
|
['environmental exposure record']
|
['The exposome is a novel conceptual framework that allows for concurrent examination of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including environmental exposures, as well as changes in exposures over time, to elucidate the complex environmental factors that affect health outcomes.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28836271",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28494612",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29676625",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377341"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28836271",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 205,
"text": "The interaction between the (epi)genetic makeup of an individual and his/her environmental exposure record (exposome) is accepted as a determinant factor for a significant proportion of human malignancies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28494612",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 897,
"offsetInEndSection": 1109,
"text": "The high-throughput and holistic approaches to biomarker discovery used extensively in large-scale molecular epidemiological exposome are also discussed in the context of human exposure to environmental stressors"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169635",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 499,
"offsetInEndSection": 679,
"text": "Experimental data strongly suggests a complex interaction between the exposome (or environmental influences) and genome (genetic material) to produce epigenetic changes (epigenome)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377341",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1095,
"offsetInEndSection": 1307,
"text": "Exposome factors including nutrition, medication, occupational factors, pollutants, climatic factors, and psychosocial and lifestyle factors may impact on the course and severity of acne and on treatment efficacy"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29676625",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 425,
"offsetInEndSection": 708,
"text": " The exposome is a novel conceptual framework that allows for concurrent examination of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including environmental exposures, as well as changes in exposures over time, to elucidate the complex environmental factors that affect health outcomes."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5cb0d647ecadf2e73f000059
|
factoid
|
What does the strimvelis treatment consist of?
|
['autologous CD34+ cells transduced to express adenosine deaminase']
|
['Strimvelis consists of autologous CD34+ cells transduced to express adenosine deaminase [ADA].']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625577"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625577",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 342,
"text": "Strimvelis (autologous CD34+ cells transduced to express adenosine deaminase [ADA]) is the first ex vivo stem cell gene therapy approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), indicated as a single treatment for patients with ADA-severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) who lack a suitable matched related bone marrow donor. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c897167d558e5f232000005
|
factoid
|
What is predicted using SURFY?
|
['surfaceome predictor']
|
['surfaceome predictor SURFY, based on machine learning.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30373828"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30373828",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 412,
"offsetInEndSection": 526,
"text": "o enable analysis of the human surfaceome, we developed the surfaceome predictor SURFY, based on machine learning."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5cb0e4a6ecadf2e73f00005b
|
factoid
|
Which was the first adeno-associated virus vector gene therapy product approved in the United States?
|
['Luxturna']
|
['The first adeno-associated virus vector gene therapy product in the United States was Luxturna.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30089698"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30089698",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1755,
"offsetInEndSection": 2009,
"text": "Gene therapy utilizing viral vectors has experienced recent success, culminating in U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of the first adeno-associated virus vector gene therapy product in the United States: Luxturna for inherited retinal dystrophy."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c897555d558e5f232000009
|
factoid
|
Which gene therapy treatment is FDA approved for retinal dystrophy?
|
['Luxturna']
|
['Luxturna is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of inherited retinal dystrophy.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30089698"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30089698",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1755,
"offsetInEndSection": 2010,
"text": "Gene therapy utilizing viral vectors has experienced recent success, culminating in U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of the first adeno-associated virus vector gene therapy product in the United States: Luxturna for inherited retinal dystrophy. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c89773ed558e5f23200000a
|
factoid
|
Salivary Cortisol is a biomarker for what disease/syndrome/condition?
|
['stress']
|
['Salivary cortisone , as a biomarker for psychosocial stress , is associated with state anxiety and heart rate .\nortisol as a stress biomarker', 'Salivary cortisone, as a biomarker for psychosocial stress, is associated with state anxiety and heart rate.', 'Salivary Cortisol is a biomarker for stress', 'These results suggest that the saliva cortisol level is therefore a useful biomarker to evaluate the stress in AD patients.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25773457",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23969030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23971022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27014891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30488082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30408721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28375882",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22812714",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29455296",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838298",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27686043",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20685855",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23332247",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29747642",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095358",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23017499"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30408721",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Salivary cortisone, as a biomarker for psychosocial stress, is associated with state anxiety and heart rate."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29455296",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 55,
"offsetInEndSection": 84,
"text": "ortisol as a stress biomarker"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23971022",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 160,
"offsetInEndSection": 267,
"text": "The salivary cortisol level reflects psychological stress, and it is a good index to assess chronic stress."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28375882",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1095,
"offsetInEndSection": 1364,
"text": "SUMMARY\nSalivary cortisol and cortisone can be used to assess cortisol excess, deficiency and hydrocortisone replacement, with salivary cortisone having the advantage of detection when serum cortisol levels are low and there is no interference from oral hydrocortisone."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28375882",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 840,
"offsetInEndSection": 1092,
"text": "Salivary cortisone is a superior marker of serum cortisol compared with salivary cortisol, specifically when serum cortisol is low and during hydrocortisone therapy when contamination of saliva may result in misleading salivary cortisol concentrations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095358",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "Salivary cortisol is frequently used as a biomarker of psychological stress."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095358",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 618,
"offsetInEndSection": 893,
"text": "The present paper addresses several psychological and biological variables, which may account for such dissociations, and aims to help researchers to rate the validity and psychobiological significance of salivary cortisol as an HPAA biomarker of stress in their experiments."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095358",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 77,
"offsetInEndSection": 238,
"text": "However, psychobiological mechanisms, which trigger the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) can only indirectly be assessed by salivary cortisol measures."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095358",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 52,
"text": "Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23969030",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 976,
"offsetInEndSection": 1181,
"text": "As a biomarker for depression, salivary cortisol VAR demonstrated an optimal cutoff point at 77.8% (AUC=0.94; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98), which is associated with a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 96.0%."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27686043",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 209,
"text": "Salivary cortisol is considered to be a safe and noninvasive measure of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, and is a commonly measured biomarker of the human stress response in pediatric research."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29747642",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 266,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nThe aim of this study was to evaluate salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), considered a non-invasive biomarker for sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, and salivary cortisol as possible pain-induced stress biomarker, in horses with acute abdominal disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23017499",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "Salivary cortisol is commonly used as a clinical biomarker of endocrine status and also as a marker of psychosocial stress."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27014891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1124,
"offsetInEndSection": 1385,
"text": "CONCLUSION\nSalivary cortisol concentration is positively correlated with occupational stress and increases with the increasing degree of occupational stress, and can be used as an objective biomarker for the identification and evaluation of occupational stress."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25773457",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 162,
"text": "PURPOSE\nCortisol is frequently assayed as a stress-responsive biomarker which changes over the course of minutes to meet the demands of a person's social context."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23332247",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 267,
"offsetInEndSection": 504,
"text": "METHODS\nIn 323 children (5-10 years old) participating in the Belgian ChiBS study, salivary cortisol samples, a biomarker for stress, was sampled when waking up, 30 and 60 min after wake up and in the evening on two consecutive weekdays."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838298",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "Cortisol is a classical biomarker for the stress levels of human beings."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22812714",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1588,
"offsetInEndSection": 1769,
"text": "Finally, salivary cortisol has been used extensively as a biomarker of stress in a research setting, especially in studies examining psychological stress with repeated measurements."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095358",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research.Salivary cortisol is frequently used as a biomarker of psychological stress. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c9fb428ecadf2e73f000041
|
factoid
|
What is the function of the cGAS pathway?
|
['Immune defense']
|
['The cGAS-STING pathway not only mediates protective immune defense against infection by a large variety of DNA-containing pathogens but also detects tumor-derived DNA and generates intrinsic antitumor immunity.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28801534",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30395807",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27648547",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169058",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27902332",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28137885",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28940468",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28920955",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26944200"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169058",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a bacterial signaling nucleotide synthesized by several human pathogens."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30395807",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 296,
"text": "Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) has recently been identified as the primary protein that detects cytosolic double stranded DNA to invoke a type I interferon response. The cGAS pathway is vital in the recognition of DNA encoded viruses as well as self-DNA leaked from the nucleus of damaged cells. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28137885",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 887,
"offsetInEndSection": 1053,
"text": "These results indicate that activation of the cGAS pathway is important for intrinsic antitumor immunity and that cGAMP may be used directly for cancer immunotherapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28801534",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 881,
"offsetInEndSection": 1019,
"text": " this work identifies long DNA as the molecular entity stimulating the cGAS pathway upon cytosolic DNA challenge such as viral infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28920955",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 872,
"offsetInEndSection": 1155,
"text": "these data suggest that inactivation of the cGAS pathway plays a critical role in tumour progression, and reveal a direct link between hypoxia-responsive miRNAs and adaptive immune responses to the hypoxic tumour microenvironment, thus unveiling potential new therapeutic strategies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28940468",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 176,
"offsetInEndSection": 306,
"text": "dysregulation of the cGAS pathway is linked to autoimmune diseases while targeted stimulation may be of benefit in immunoncology. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27648547",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 299,
"offsetInEndSection": 510,
"text": "The cGAS-STING pathway not only mediates protective immune defense against infection by a large variety of DNA-containing pathogens but also detects tumor-derived DNA and generates intrinsic antitumor immunity. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27902332",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 890,
"offsetInEndSection": 1052,
"text": "our data indicate that the cGAS-STING pathway plays a role in the surveillance of HBV infection and may be exploited for development of novel anti-HBV strategies."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c8aa082d558e5f23200000c
|
factoid
|
What does RUNX2 stand for?
|
['Runt related factor-2']
|
['Runt related factor-2']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19121369"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19121369",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 367,
"offsetInEndSection": 396,
"text": "Runt related factor-2 (Runx2)"
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c8fe7cb0101eac87000000c
|
factoid
|
Where, in the body, would the Cobb-Stainsby excision arthroplasty be performed?
|
['foot']
|
['The Cobb-Stainsby forefoot arthroplasty combines partial phalangectomy ( Stainsby ) with extensor tendon transfer to the metatarsal head ( Cobb ) .', 'The Cobb-Stainsby forefoot arthroplasty combines partial phalangectomy (Stainsby) with extensor tendon transfer to the metatarsal head (Cobb)', 'The Cobb-Stainsby forefoot arthroplasty combines partial phalangectomy (Stainsby) with extensor tendon transfer to the metatarsal head (Cobb).', 'The Cobb-Stainsby forefoot arthroplasty combines partial phalangectomy (Stainsby) with extensor tendon transfer']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413774"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413774",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 131,
"offsetInEndSection": 274,
"text": "The Cobb-Stainsby forefoot arthroplasty combines partial phalangectomy (Stainsby) with extensor tendon transfer to the metatarsal head (Cobb). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413774",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 130,
"offsetInEndSection": 272,
"text": "The Cobb-Stainsby forefoot arthroplasty combines partial phalangectomy (Stainsby) with extensor tendon transfer to the metatarsal head (Cobb)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413774",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 138,
"offsetInEndSection": 280,
"text": "The Cobb-Stainsby forefoot arthroplasty combines partial phalangectomy (Stainsby) with extensor tendon transfer to the metatarsal head (Cobb)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413774",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 119,
"offsetInEndSection": 261,
"text": "The Cobb-Stainsby forefoot arthroplasty combines partial phalangectomy (Stainsby) with extensor tendon transfer to the metatarsal head (Cobb)."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c9ff25eecadf2e73f000043
|
factoid
|
Which company produces patisiran?
|
['Alnylam Pharmaceuticals']
|
['Patisiran has been developed by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30251172"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30251172",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 426,
"offsetInEndSection": 722,
"text": "Patisiran has been developed by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals; it was recently approved in the USA for the treatment of the polyneuropathy of hereditary TTR-mediated amyloidosis (hATTR) in adults and subsequently approved in the EU for the treatment of hATTR in adults with stage 1 or 2 polyneuropathy."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c900b9eecadf2e73f000004
|
factoid
|
What protein is recruited by Crumbs to regulate tracheal development?
|
['moesin (Moe)']
|
['In Drosophila, stellate-shaped tracheal terminal cells make seamless tubes, Early endocytosis maintains normal steady-state levels of Crumbs, which recruits apical phosphorylated (active) Moesin (Moe), which in turn regulates seamless tube shape in the development of the trachea.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25065756"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25065756",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1144,
"offsetInEndSection": 1320,
"text": "We propose that early endocytosis maintains normal steady-state levels of Crumbs, which recruits apical phosphorylated (active) Moe, which in turn regulates seamless tube shape"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172808",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 717,
"offsetInEndSection": 962,
"text": "There, Crb, acting in parallel with the epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) pathway, is required for tracheal cell apical constriction and for organising an actomyosin complex, which we propose is mediated by Crb recruitment of moesin (Moe)."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5caa0247ecadf2e73f000055
|
factoid
|
Where in the body, is ghrelin secreted?
|
['stomach']
|
['Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, is secreted from endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa.', 'Ghrelin , an orexigenic peptide , is secreted from endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa .', 'BACKGROUND: Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, is secreted from endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa.', 'ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, is secreted from endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24806082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17101319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21035199",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19009647",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22231739",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15648018",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17646723",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19129426",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18350524",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26019019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27376422",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12176667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17983856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29392854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12352514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17096064",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254526",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17251274"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29392854",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, is secreted from endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15648018",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "Ghrelin is a recently described hormone secreted by the stomach."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22231739",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nGhrelin is secreted mainly in the stomach and plays a role in food intake regulation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17096064",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nGhrelin is a body weight-regulating peptide produced and secreted primarily by the gastric mucosa."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12176667",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1533,
"offsetInEndSection": 1935,
"text": "These results suggest that (1) endogenous centrally released ghrelin participates in the regulation of food intake and body weight, (2) acyl ghrelin is secreted from the stomach, (3) intestinal hormones stimulate ghrelin release from the stomach, and (4) regulation of the diurnal rhythm of ghrelin is complex, since ghrelin secretion is augmented under conditions of both gastric emptying and filling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19129426",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 66,
"text": "Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide secreted mainly by the stomach."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19009647",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "Ghrelin is primarily secreted from the stomach and has been implicated in the coordination of eating behavior and weight regulation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18350524",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 343,
"offsetInEndSection": 515,
"text": "Most of the ghrelin produced in the body is secreted in the stomach, but it is also expressed in the hypothalamus, pituitary, pancreas, intestine, kidney, heart and gonads."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254526",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 186,
"text": "OBJECTIVES\nGhrelin, a recently discovered hormone mainly secreted by the stomach, has several metabolic functions including regulation of food intake, energy homeostasis and body weight."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26019019",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "PURPOSE\nGhrelin is mainly secreted from the stomach and plays a role in appetite, weight gain, and the promotion of a positive energy balance."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17251274",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 224,
"text": "Ghrelin, the only known orexigenic gut hormone, is secreted mainly from the stomach, increases with fasting and before meal initiation in humans and rats, and increases food intake after central or peripheral administration."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21035199",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 66,
"text": "Ghrelin is a peptide hormone produced and secreted in the stomach."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17983856",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 299,
"offsetInEndSection": 392,
"text": "Ghrelin secreted by the stomach stimulates the afferent vagus nerve and promotes food intake."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17101319",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 80,
"text": "BACKGROUND & AIMS\nGhrelin is secreted by the stomach and stimulates food intake."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27376422",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Ghrelin is a gut peptide composed of 28 amino acids mostly secreted in the gastric fundus mucosa."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24806082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 113,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nA wide variety of functions has been attributed to ghrelin, a peptide hormone secreted in the stomach."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17646723",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nGhrelin is a hormone secreted mainly in the stomach which stimulates appetite and food intake."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17983856",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 125,
"text": "Ghrelin and feedback systems.Ghrelin is produced primarily in the stomach in response to hunger, and circulates in the blood. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17096064",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "<b>BACKGROUND</b>: Ghrelin is a body weight-regulating peptide produced and secreted primarily by the gastric mucosa."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12176667",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1533,
"offsetInEndSection": 1939,
"text": "These results suggest that (1) endogenous centrally released ghrelin participates in the regulation of food intake and body weight, (2) acyl ghrelin is secreted from the stomach, (3) intestinal hormones stimulate ghrelin release from the stomach, and (4) regulation of the diurnal rhythm of ghrelin is complex, since ghrelin secretion is augmented under conditions of both gastric emptying and filling.<br>"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12352514",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 159,
"text": "<b>BACKGROUND</b>: Ghrelin is secreted by the stomach, the hypothalamus, and the placenta in humans and has growth hormone-secreting and orexigenic properties."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12352514",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 140,
"text": "Ghrelin is secreted by the stomach, the hypothalamus, and the placenta in humans and has growth hormone-secreting and orexigenic properties."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17096064",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "Ghrelin is a body weight-regulating peptide produced and secreted primarily by the gastric mucosa."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5caa06d0ecadf2e73f000056
|
factoid
|
What is resistin?
|
['adipokine']
|
['The adipocyte-secreting adipokine, resistin, may play a critical role in the modulation of inflammatory diseases.', 'Resistin, a pro-inflammatory cytokine,']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29937317",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24780007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417718",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729407",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23981771",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15103228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30353146",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19024936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12660880",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18191042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29278852",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14962997",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095472",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14644422",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27079485"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29278852",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 641,
"offsetInEndSection": 800,
"text": "Resistin, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is predictive of atherosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29278852",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 253,
"offsetInEndSection": 394,
"text": "Leptin, adiponectin, and resistin are the most studied adipokines which play important roles in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12660880",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "Resistin is a recently discovered hormone that is exclusively expressed in adipose tissue."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14644422",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Resistin is a secreted adipose tissue hormone that belongs to the resistin-like molecule family."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417718",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 134,
"text": "Resistin is known as an adipocyte-specific secretory hormone that can cause insulin resistance and decrease adipocyte differentiation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24780007",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "OBJECTIVES\nResistin is an adipocytokine that has been related to inflammation and insulin resistance."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729407",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "Resistin, an adipocyte-secreted factor, is known to be elevated in breast cancer patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18191042",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "Resistin is an adipokine that induces insulin resistance in mice; serum concentrations are decreased by fasting and increased by feeding."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14962997",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "Resistin is an adipose-derived hormone that has been proposed as a link among obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30353146",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "The adipokine resistin has been proposed to link obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095472",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nResistin is a secreted factor that is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and believed to drive joint inflammation in vivo."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23981771",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "Resistin is a circulating mediator of insulin resistance mainly expressed in human monocytes and responsive to inflammatory stimuli."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29937317",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nResistin is an immunometabolic mediator that is elevated in several inflammatory disorders."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15103228",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 170,
"text": "Pituitary resistin gene expression: effects of age, gender and obesity.Resistin is a new adipocytokine which is expressed in rat, mouse and possibly human adipose tissue. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19024936",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 193,
"offsetInEndSection": 278,
"text": "Leptin belongs to the adipokine family, which also contains adiponectin and resistin."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c840782617e120c34000006
|
factoid
|
What is the function of GvpA?
|
['GvpA forms the gas vesicle wall']
|
['The gas vesicle wall is solely formed of proteins with the two major components, GvpA and GvpC, and', 'The gas vesicle wall is solely formed of proteins with the two major components, GvpA and GvpC, and seven additional accessory proteins are also involved.', 'Gas vesicles are proteinaceous, gas-filled nanostructures produced by some bacteria and archaea. The hydrophobic major structural protein GvpA forms the ribbed gas vesicle wall.', 'The gas vesicle wall is solely formed of proteins with the two major components, GvpA and GvpC,', 'the gas vesicle wall is solely formed of proteins with the two major components, gvpa and gvpc,']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28898511",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7683649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1282192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9094221",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25648404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22941504"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28898511",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 177,
"text": "Gas vesicles are proteinaceous, gas-filled nanostructures produced by some bacteria and archaea. The hydrophobic major structural protein GvpA forms the ribbed gas vesicle wall."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25648404",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 801,
"offsetInEndSection": 898,
"text": " The gas vesicle wall is solely formed of proteins with the two major components, GvpA and GvpC, "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22941504",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 191,
"offsetInEndSection": 345,
"text": "The wall of these gas vesicles is freely permeable to gas molecules and is composed of a small hydrophobic protein, GvpA, which forms a single-layer wall."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9094221",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "Gas vesicles are intracellular, microbial flotation devices that consist of mainly one protein, GvpA."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580065",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Modeling of the major gas vesicle protein, GvpA: from protein sequence to vesicle wall structure."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1282192",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 205,
"offsetInEndSection": 364,
"text": "Gas vesicle production and the expression of the gvpA gene encoding the major gas vesicle protein, GvpA, was monitored in each Haloferax volcanii transformant."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7683649",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 134,
"text": "Analysis of gas vesicle gene expression in Haloferax mediterranei reveals that GvpA and GvpC are both gas vesicle structural proteins."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5ca9f846ecadf2e73f000053
|
factoid
|
Which syndrome is associated to SAMHD1 gene mutations?
|
['Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome']
|
['Mutations in the SAMHD1 gene that cause the severe autoimmune disease, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS).']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29583030"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29583030",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 211,
"offsetInEndSection": 413,
"text": "Its emerging role as an effector of innate immunity is affirmed by mutations in the SAMHD1 gene that cause the severe autoimmune disease, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS) and that are linked to cancer. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c93e8bdecadf2e73f00001c
|
factoid
|
What is the results of mutations in the gene autoimmune regulator?
|
['Autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED)']
|
['Autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE)']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29427825",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29437776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29150834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29666621"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29150834",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 296,
"offsetInEndSection": 456,
"text": "a rare inherited disorder called autoimmune polyendocriopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) caused by mutations in autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29427825",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 338,
"offsetInEndSection": 559,
"text": "The crucial role played by AIRE in central immune tolerance emerged in the studies on the pathogenesis of Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy, a rare inherited polyendocrine/autoimmune disease. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29437776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 258,
"text": "Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1; OMIM #240300), also referred to as autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), is a rare monogenic autoimmune disorder caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29666621",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 161,
"text": "Autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE)"
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5cb39707ecadf2e73f000060
|
factoid
|
What disease is associated with mutations in the MECP2 transcription factor?
|
['Rett syndrome']
|
['mutations in the methyl-cpg-binding protein-2 gene (mecp2) are commonly associated with rett syndrome', 'Mutations in the MECP2 transcription factor, which codes for the transcription factor ECE1, have been found to be associated with Rett syndrome.', 'Mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 gene (MECP2) are commonly associated with Rett syndrome. Mutations in the MECP2 gene cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT).', 'Mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 gene (MECP2) are commonly associated with Rett syndrome.', 'Mutations in the MECP2 gene cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT).', 'Rett syndrome (RS) is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting mostly girls with heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 on the X chromosome', 'Mutations in the MECP2 transcription factor, which encodes the cellular iron exporter ferroportin, are associated with Rett syndrome.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200222",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28337123",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29431277",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27782879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25769649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28143937",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15345242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25634725",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20504995",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17997046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22297041",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29078406",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24916645",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27428650",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22865604",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24399845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19349604",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15549394"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29431277",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 gene (MECP2) are commonly associated with Rett syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28143937",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "Rett syndrome (RS) is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting mostly girls with heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 on the X chromosome"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27782879",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 87,
"text": "Mutations in the MECP2 gene cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20504995",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "Rett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder mainly caused by mutations in the transcriptional regulator MeCP2."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200222",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 138,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "Mutations in the MeCP2 gene cause Rett syndrome, a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29078406",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Rett syndrome (RTT) is a debilitating neurological disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor Methyl CpG Binding Protein 2 (MECP2)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17997046",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Rett syndrome (RTT) is associated with mutations in the transcriptional repressor gene MeCP2."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27200222",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 137,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "Mutations in the MeCP2 gene cause Rett syndrome, a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24399845",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) mutation type is associated with disease severity in Rett syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15549394",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 211,
"text": "Rett syndrome (RTT), the second most common cause of mental retardation in females, has been associated with mutations in MeCP2, the archetypical member of the methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) family of proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25634725",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 191,
"text": "Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), which encodes a transcriptional modulator of many genes including BDNF."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19349604",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 125,
"text": "BACKGROUND\n\nRett syndrome (RTT) is caused by mutations in the transcriptional repressor methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27428650",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "Mutations in MECP2 cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22865604",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "Mutations in the gene encoding the methyl-CpG-binding protein MECP2 are the major cause of Rett syndrome , an autism spectrum disorder mainly affecting young females . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15345242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 202,
"text": "Rett syndrome ( RTT ) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with features of autism that results from mutation of the gene encoding the transcriptional repressor methyl-CpG binding protein ( MECP2) . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25769649",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder due to mutations affecting the neural transcription factor MeCP2."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28337123",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Mutations in the transcription factor methyl-CpG-binding-protein 2 (MeCP2) cause a delayed-onset neurodevelopmental disorder known as Rett syndrome (RTT)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22297041",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24916645",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Rett syndrome is a monogenic disease due to de novo mutations in either MECP2 or CDKL5 genes."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e6157cb1af46fc13000000e
|
factoid
|
Which receptor is inhibited by bimagrumab?
|
['activin type II receptors']
|
['Bimagrumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the activin type II receptors, preventing the activity of myostatin and other negative skeletal muscle regulators.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27167138",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25381300",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24298022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29226558",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31761834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26506009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29566437",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27462398",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28905498",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30095981"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29226558",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 189,
"offsetInEndSection": 313,
"text": "Bimagrumab is a human anti-ActRII antibody which was found to increase muscle mass and function by blocking ActRII signaling"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29566437",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Bimagrumab is a human monoclonal antibody inhibitor of activin type II receptors (ActRII), with anabolic action on skeletal muscle mass by blocking binding of myostatin and other negative regulators of muscle growth."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29566437",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1376,
"offsetInEndSection": 1504,
"text": "CONCLUSION: Bimagrumab alters the function of pituitary gonadotroph cells, consistent with blockade of activin on local ActRII. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30095981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "RATIONALE: Bimagrumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the activin type II receptors, preventing the activity of myostatin and other negative skeletal muscle regulators."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30095981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1397,
"offsetInEndSection": 1644,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Blocking the action of negative muscle regulators through the activin type II receptors with bimagrumab treatment safely increased skeletal muscle mass but did not improve functional capacity in patients with COPD and low muscle mass."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28905498",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 293,
"offsetInEndSection": 552,
"text": "This study aimed to explore the clinical potential of bimagrumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting the activin type II receptor, for the recovery of skeletal muscle volume from disuse atrophy using an experimental model of lower extremity immobilization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29566437",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "Effects of bimagrumab, an activin receptor type II inhibitor, on pituitary neurohormonal axes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27167138",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "Bimagrumab (BYM338) is a novel fully human monoclonal antibody that exerts strong promyogenic effects on skeletal muscle by blocking activin type II receptors (ActRII)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29566437",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "BACKGROUND\n\nBimagrumab is a human monoclonal antibody inhibitor of activin type II receptors (ActRII), with anabolic action on skeletal muscle mass by blocking binding of myostatin and other negative regulators of muscle growth."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30095981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "RATIONALE\n\nBimagrumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the activin type II receptors, preventing the activity of myostatin and other negative skeletal muscle regulators."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27462398",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 591,
"offsetInEndSection": 806,
"text": "CDD866 (murinized version of bimagrumab) is a neutralizing antibody against the activin receptor type II (ActRII) preventing binding of ligands such as myostatin and activin A, which are involved in cancer cachexia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24298022",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 317,
"offsetInEndSection": 483,
"text": "We have developed a novel , human anti-ActRII antibody ( bimagrumab , or BYM338 ) to prevent binding of ligands to the receptors and thus inhibit downstream signaling"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28905498",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 284,
"offsetInEndSection": 544,
"text": "This study aimed to explore the clinical potential of bimagrumab , a human monoclonal antibody targeting the activin type II receptor , for the recovery of skeletal muscle volume from disuse atrophy using an experimental model of lower extremity immobilization"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29566437",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 217,
"text": "Bimagrumab is a human monoclonal antibody inhibitor of activin type II receptors ( ActRII) , with anabolic action on skeletal muscle mass by blocking binding of myostatin and other negative regulators of muscle growth"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26506009",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 658,
"offsetInEndSection": 905,
"text": "Novel antiresorptive and anabolic therapies are emerging for osteoporosis as well as drugs for sarcopenia , cancer cachexia or muscle wasting disorders , including antibodies against myostatin or activin receptor type IIA and IIB ( e.g. bimagrumab"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31761834",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 346,
"text": "A global , randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted to confirm that BYM338 ( bimagrumab) , an anti-activin type II receptor antibody , improves motor function in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis after 52 weeks' treatment consisting of intravenous administration every 4 weeks at doses of 10 , 3 , and 1 mg/kg"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27167138",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "Bimagrumab ( BYM338 ) is a novel fully human monoclonal antibody that exerts strong promyogenic effects on skeletal muscle by blocking activin type II receptors ( ActRII"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27167138",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "Bimagrumab (BYM338) is a novel fully human monoclonal antibody that exerts strong promyogenic effects on skeletal muscle by blocking activin type II receptors (ActRII)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29566437",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nBimagrumab is a human monoclonal antibody inhibitor of activin type II receptors (ActRII), with anabolic action on skeletal muscle mass by blocking binding of myostatin and other negative regulators of muscle growth."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29566437",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 357,
"offsetInEndSection": 506,
"text": "Bimagrumab also blocks other endogenous ActRII ligands, such as activins, which act on the neurohormonal axes, pituitary, gonads and adrenal glands."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30095981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "RATIONALE\nBimagrumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the activin type II receptors, preventing the activity of myostatin and other negative skeletal muscle regulators."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29566437",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 358,
"offsetInEndSection": 506,
"text": "Bimagrumab also blocks other endogenous ActRII ligands, such as activins, which act on the neurohormonal axes, pituitary, gonads and adrenal glands."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24298022",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 311,
"offsetInEndSection": 474,
"text": "We have developed a novel, human anti-ActRII antibody (bimagrumab, or BYM338) to prevent binding of ligands to the receptors and thus inhibit downstream signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29566437",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "Bimagrumab is a human monoclonal antibody inhibitor of activin type II receptors (ActRII), with anabolic action on skeletal muscle mass by blocking binding of myostatin and other negative regulators of muscle growth."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30095981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 174,
"text": "Bimagrumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the activin type II receptors, preventing the activity of myostatin and other negative skeletal muscle regulators."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30095981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1442,
"offsetInEndSection": 1676,
"text": "Blocking the action of negative muscle regulators through the activin type II receptors with bimagrumab treatment safely increased skeletal muscle mass but did not improve functional capacity in patients with COPD and low muscle mass."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28905498",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 281,
"offsetInEndSection": 540,
"text": "This study aimed to explore the clinical potential of bimagrumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting the activin type II receptor, for the recovery of skeletal muscle volume from disuse atrophy using an experimental model of lower extremity immobilization."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27462398",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 569,
"offsetInEndSection": 784,
"text": "CDD866 (murinized version of bimagrumab) is a neutralizing antibody against the activin receptor type II (ActRII) preventing binding of ligands such as myostatin and activin A, which are involved in cancer cachexia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25381300",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 307,
"offsetInEndSection": 452,
"text": "We tested inhibition of activin receptors IIA and IIB (ActRII) in 14 patients with sIBM using one dose of bimagrumab (n = 11) or placebo (n = 3)."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e44b04c48dab47f26000016
|
factoid
|
Where is the yeast transpozable element Ty3 preferentially inserted?
|
['the promoters of RNA PolIII-transcribed genes']
|
['Ty3 is preferentially inserted in genes encoding transfer RNA genes.', 'The retrovirus-like element Ty3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae integrates at the transcription initiation region of RNA polymerase III genes and is preferentially inserted in transfer RNA genes.', 'Ty3 integrates within the region of RNA polymerase III transcription initiation. Thus, genomic insertions of Ty3 in a particular orientation are apparently specified by the target, while the actual position of the insertion relative to the tRNA-coding sequence can vary slightly.', 'The retrovirus-like element Ty3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae integrates at the transcription initiation region of RNA polymerase III', 'The yeast transpozable element Ty3 is preferentially located in the promoter region of genes encoding ribosomal proteins.', 'rna polymerase iii', 'Ty3 inserts at transcription initiation sites of genomic tRNA genes and plasmid-borne 5S and U6 RNA genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22544262",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1963869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1309715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15579677",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11604517",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8389458"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22544262",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 730,
"offsetInEndSection": 923,
"text": "We found that extra ORFs occur in all three major lineages of plant Ty3/gypsy elements, being the most frequent in the Tat lineage where most (77 %) of identified elements contained extra ORFs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15579677",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "The retrovirus-like element Ty3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae integrates at the transcription initiation region of RNA polymerase III."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11604517",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 922,
"offsetInEndSection": 1063,
"text": "Ty3 inserts at transcription initiation sites of genomic tRNA genes and plasmid-borne 5S and U6 RNA genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8389458",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "Sites of RNA polymerase III transcription initiation and Ty3 integration at the U6 gene are positioned by the TATA box"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8389458",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1058,
"offsetInEndSection": 1391,
"text": " the U6 TATA box is essential in vivo for correct initiation but not for transcription, (ii) a TATA box does not compensate for a weak box A sequence and so cannot perform equivalently, and (iii) the TATA-binding protein, and probably components of transcription factor IIIB, are present on the target at the time of Ty3 integration."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1309715",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "Ty3 integrates within the region of RNA polymerase III transcription initiation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1309715",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 115,
"offsetInEndSection": 225,
"text": "Ty3 was shown to insert upstream of tRNA, 5S, and U6 genes, all of which are transcribed by RNA polymerase III"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1963869",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "Transfer RNA genes are genomic targets for de Novo transposition of the yeast retrotransposon Ty3."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1963869",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1144,
"offsetInEndSection": 1342,
"text": "Thus, genomic insertions of Ty3 in a particular orientation are apparently specified by the target, while the actual position of the insertion relative to the tRNA-coding sequence can vary slightly."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5d3852d07bc3fee31f000014
|
factoid
|
When was Afrezza approved by the FDA?
|
['June 2014']
|
['Afrezza was approved by the FDA in June 2014.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222134"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222134",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 635,
"offsetInEndSection": 908,
"text": "In contrary, MannKind Corporation started developing its ultra-rapid-acting insulin Afrezza in a bold bid, probably by managing the issues in which Exubera was not successful. Afrezza has been marketed since February, 2015 by Sanofi after getting FDA approval in June 2014."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e776cfe835f4e4777000010
|
factoid
|
When was Fluzone Intradermal replaced with Fluzone Intradermal Quadrivalent?
|
['In advance of the 2015-2016 season']
|
['Fluzone Intradermal was replaced with Fluzone Intradermal Quadrivalent vaccine in advance of the 2015-2016 season.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27457797"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27457797",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 322,
"offsetInEndSection": 569,
"text": "In advance of the 2015-2016 season, Fluzone Intradermal was replaced with Fluzone Intradermal Quadrivalent vaccine, which contains 9 µg hemagglutinin per strain of the two A-strain viruses and both B-strain lineage viruses (Victoria and Yamagata)."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e7f5d0d835f4e4777000016
|
factoid
|
How many proteins have been queried for protein partners by the Drosophila protein interaction map (DPiM)?
|
['5,000']
|
['Over 5,000 proteins have been queried for protein partners by the Drosophila protein interaction map (DPiM).', '5,000 proteins have been queried for protein partners by the Drosophila protein interaction map (DPiM).', 'Defining protein-protein interactions in protein complexes, and establishing the when, what and where of potential interactions, is crucial to understanding the cellular function of any protein-especially those that have not been well studied by traditional molecular genetic approaches. In the Drosophila protein interaction map (DPiM) protein partners of nearly 5,000 Drosophila melanogaster proteins have been identified.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23222005"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23222005",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1320,
"text": "Proteins perform essential cellular functions as part of protein complexes, often in conjunction with RNA, DNA, metabolites and other small molecules. The genome encodes thousands of proteins but not all of them are expressed in every cell type; and expressed proteins are not active at all times. Such diversity of protein expression and function accounts for the level of biological intricacy seen in nature. Defining protein-protein interactions in protein complexes, and establishing the when, what and where of potential interactions, is therefore crucial to understanding the cellular function of any protein-especially those that have not been well studied by traditional molecular genetic approaches. We generated a large-scale resource of affinity-tagged expression-ready clones and used co-affinity purification combined with tandem mass-spectrometry to identify protein partners of nearly 5,000 Drosophila melanogaster proteins. The resulting protein complex \"map\" provided a blueprint of metazoan protein complex organization. Here we describe how the map has provided valuable insights into protein function in addition to generating hundreds of testable hypotheses. We also discuss recent technological advancements that will be critical in addressing the next generation of questions arising from the map."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e35dc26158f994d3a000006
|
factoid
|
Which is the target of belimumab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus treatment?
|
['B-cell activating factor', 'BAFF', 'BLyS (B-lymphocyte stimulator)']
|
['Belimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against BAFF. Belimumab, a human monoclonal antibody specific for soluble BLyS, was ultimately approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2011 for active autoantibody patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) despite standard therapy.', 'blys', 'The main therapeutic target of belimumab is BLyS', 'Belimumab: a BLyS-specific inhibitor for systemic lupus erythematosus To review the efficacy, safety, dosing, drug interactions, as well as economic and therapeutic considerations of belimumab, an inv', 'Belimumab is an anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody. BAFF is also known as BLyS (B-lymphocyte stimulator).', 'Belimumab: a BLyS-specific inhibitor for systemic lupus erythematosus To review the efficacy, safety, dosing, drug interactions, as well as economic and therapeutic considerations of belimumab, an investigational B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) inhibitor.', 'Belimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a B-cell survival factor, was licensed in 2011 for the treatment of autoantibody-positive SLE', 'Belimumab: a BLyS-specific inhibitor for systemic lupus erythematosus Belimumab, an anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody', 'Belimumab: a BLyS-specific inhibitor for systemic lupus erythematosus Belimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a B-cell survival factor, was licensed in 2011 for the treatment of autoantibody-positive SLE', 'belimumab is a blys-specificsor for systemic lupus erythematos', 'Belimumab is a fully human anti-BLyS monoclonal antibody with specificity for BLyS. It is approved for SLE treatment.', 'Belimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), was licensed in 2011 for the treatment of autoantibodies to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.', 'Belimumab: a BLyS-specific inhibitor for systemic lupus erythematosus.', 'Belimumab: a BLyS-specific inhibitor for systemic lupus erythematosus To review the efficacy, safety, dosing, drug interactions, as well as economic and therapeutic considerations of belimumab, an investigational B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) inhibitor. Belimumab, an anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25543845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27587201",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23568179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23553779",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21081710",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29572471"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21081710",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 69,
"text": "Belimumab: a BLyS-specific inhibitor for systemic lupus erythematosus"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21081710",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 195,
"text": "To review the efficacy, safety, dosing, drug interactions, as well as economic and therapeutic considerations of belimumab, an investigational B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) inhibitor."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29572471",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 101,
"offsetInEndSection": 144,
"text": "Belimumab, an anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29572471",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 302,
"offsetInEndSection": 728,
"text": "Here our crystal structure of the BAFF-belimumab Fab complex shows the precise epitope and the BAFF-neutralizing mechanism of belimumab, and demonstrates that the therapeutic activity of belimumab involves not only antagonizing the BAFF-receptor interaction, but also disrupting the formation of the more active BAFF 60-mer to favor the induction of the less active BAFF trimer through interaction with the flap region of BAFF"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27587201",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 783,
"offsetInEndSection": 1123,
"text": "In recent years, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, soluble human B Lymphocyte Stimulator protein (BLyS), also referred to as B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and TNFSF13B has been studied extensively. This protein is synthesized by myeloid cell lines, specifically interacts with B lymphocytes and increases their life-span"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25543845",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 145,
"offsetInEndSection": 323,
"text": "Belimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a B-cell survival factor, was licensed in 2011 for the treatment of autoantibody-positive SLE"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23568179",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 525,
"offsetInEndSection": 595,
"text": "Belimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against BAFF. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23553779",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 315,
"offsetInEndSection": 574,
"text": " Belimumab, a human monoclonal antibody specific for soluble BLyS, was ultimately approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2011 for active autoantibody patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) despite standard therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251765",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 284,
"offsetInEndSection": 576,
"text": "Targeted therapy with belimumab, the monoclonal antibody against BLyS, has shown clinical benefit in two large-scale, multicenter phase III trials leading to US Food and Drug Administration approval for patients with serologically positive SLE who have active disease despite standard therapy"
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5d386fbfa1e1595105000005
|
factoid
|
Salzburg EEG criteria are used to diagnose which disorder?
|
['Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus']
|
['Salzburg EEG criteria are used to diagnose Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27571157",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26092326",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30585889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26148985",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31753769",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31318040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28384518",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29322820",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29555354"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29322820",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "Reevaluation of the Critically Ill Patients With Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus by Using Salzburg Consensus Criteria."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29322820",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 188,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the usefulness of the Salzburg Consensus Criteria (SCC) for determining the prognosis of critically ill patients with nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29322820",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1308,
"offsetInEndSection": 1464,
"text": "CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that SCC is highly compatible with clinical practice in the decision for treatment of patients with NCSE. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29555354",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 322,
"offsetInEndSection": 435,
"text": "Clinical presentations and the Salzburg EEG criteria for NCSE were used to identify patients with NCSE after CSE."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28384518",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 491,
"offsetInEndSection": 569,
"text": "EEGs recorded in the ICU were classified using the Salzburg criteria for NCSE."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27571157",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Diagnostic accuracy of the Salzburg EEG criteria for non-convulsive status epilepticus: a retrospective study."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27571157",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 370,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Several EEG criteria have been proposed for diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), but none have been clinically validated. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the EEG criteria proposed by a panel of experts at the fourth London-Innsbruck Colloquium on Status Epilepticus in Salzburg, 2013 (henceforth called the Salzburg criteria)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27571157",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1072,
"offsetInEndSection": 1242,
"text": "Two raters blinded to all other patient data retrospectively analysed the EEG recordings and, using the Salzburg criteria, categorised patients as in NCSE or not in NCSE."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27571157",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2835,
"offsetInEndSection": 3023,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: The Salzburg criteria for diagnosis of NCSE have high diagnostic accuracy and excellent inter-rater agreement, making them suitable for implementation in clinical practice."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26092326",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Salzburg Consensus Criteria for Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus--approach to clinical application."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26092326",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 192,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Salzburg Consensus Criteria for diagnosis of Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus (SCNC) were proposed at the 4th London-Innsbruck Colloquium on status epilepticus in Salzburg (2013)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26148985",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1447,
"offsetInEndSection": 1777,
"text": "The Salzburg Consensus Criteria for NCSE [1] have been modified according to the Standardized Terminology of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society [2] and validated in three different cohorts, with a sensitivity of 97.2%, a specificity of 95.9%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 96.3% in patients with clinical signs of NCSE. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27571157",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1074,
"offsetInEndSection": 1244,
"text": "Two raters blinded to all other patient data retrospectively analysed the EEG recordings and, using the Salzburg criteria, categorised patients as in NCSE or not in NCSE."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30585889",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus: Validating the Salzburg Criteria Against an Expert EEG Examiner."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27571157",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2841,
"offsetInEndSection": 3029,
"text": "INTERPRETATION\n\nThe Salzburg criteria for diagnosis of NCSE have high diagnostic accuracy and excellent inter-rater agreement, making them suitable for implementation in clinical practice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29555354",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 321,
"offsetInEndSection": 434,
"text": "Clinical presentations and the Salzburg EEG criteria for NCSE were used to identify patients with NCSE after CSE."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31318040",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "The difficulty of diagnosing NCSE in clinical practice; external validation of the Salzburg criteria."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31318040",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "To improve the diagnostic accuracy of electroencephalography (EEG) criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), external validation of the recently proposed Salzburg criteria is paramount."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29555354",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 324,
"offsetInEndSection": 437,
"text": "Clinical presentations and the Salzburg EEG criteria for NCSE were used to identify patients with NCSE after CSE."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31753769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 797,
"offsetInEndSection": 962,
"text": "We divided the patients into those who were finally with diagnosed NCSE (NCSE-p) and those who were not (non-NCSE) according to the Salzburg Diagnostic EEG criteria."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31318040",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 198,
"offsetInEndSection": 379,
"text": "We performed an external, retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study of the Salzburg criteria, using EEG recordings from patients with and without a clinical suspicion of having NCSE."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26092326",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 191,
"text": "BACKGROUND Salzburg Consensus Criteria for diagnosis of Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus (SCNC) were proposed at the 4th London-Innsbruck Colloquium on status epilepticus in Salzburg (2013)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31318040",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "To improve the diagnostic accuracy of electroencephalography (EEG) criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), external validation of the recently proposed Salzburg criteria is paramount."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31318040",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 198,
"offsetInEndSection": 380,
"text": "We performed an external, retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study of the Salzburg criteria, using EEG recordings from patients with and without a clinical suspicion of having NCSE."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27571157",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2826,
"offsetInEndSection": 3014,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: The Salzburg criteria for diagnosis of NCSE have high diagnostic accuracy and excellent inter-rater agreement, making them suitable for implementation in clinical practice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31753769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 775,
"offsetInEndSection": 940,
"text": "We divided the patients into those who were finally with diagnosed NCSE (NCSE-p) and those who were not (non-NCSE) according to the Salzburg Diagnostic EEG criteria."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27571157",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1052,
"offsetInEndSection": 1222,
"text": "Two raters blinded to all other patient data retrospectively analysed the EEG recordings and, using the Salzburg criteria, categorised patients as in NCSE or not in NCSE."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e48bf5ed14c9f295d000019
|
factoid
|
Central Vein Sign is characteristic to which disease?
|
['multiple sclerosis']
|
['Central vein sign on FLAIR* magnetic resonance imaging is highly specific and sensitive for multiple sclerosis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28820013",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31796822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30213803",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29369733",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29328521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29565219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27300318",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27834394",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31424490",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29514948",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31668125"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28820013",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Diagnostic performance of central vein sign for multiple sclerosis with a simplified three-lesion algorithm."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28820013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 158,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Detection of a \"central vein sign\" (CVS) on FLAIR* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly specific and sensitive for multiple sclerosis (MS). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28820013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1164,
"offsetInEndSection": 1426,
"text": "CONCLUSION: A simplified determination of CVS in three white matter lesions on 3T FLAIR* MRI demonstrated good specificity and sensitivity and fair inter-rater reliability for a diagnosis of MS and with further study, may be a candidate for clinical application."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29328521",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Central vein sign differentiates Multiple Sclerosis from central nervous system inflammatory vasculopathies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29328521",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 232,
"offsetInEndSection": 544,
"text": "Detection of perivenular lesions in the brain (the \"central vein sign\") improves the pathological specificity of MS diagnosis, but comprehensive evaluation of this MRI biomarker in MS-mimicking inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases, such as central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory vasculopathies, is lacking."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29328521",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1785,
"offsetInEndSection": 1924,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: The central vein sign differentiates inflammatory CNS vasculopathies from MS at standard clinical magnetic field strengths."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29369733",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 337,
"offsetInEndSection": 534,
"text": "Areas covered: An overview of 7T MRI applications in MS focusing on increased sensitivity for lesion detection, specificity of the central vein sign and better understanding of MS pathophysiology. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29514948",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": "Value of the central vein sign at 3T to differentiate MS from seropositive NMOSD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29514948",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of the central vein sign (CVS) on a clinical 3T scanner to distinguish between multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29514948",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1408,
"offsetInEndSection": 1575,
"text": "CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III evidence that the CVS on 3T MRI accurately distinguishes patients with MS from those with seropositive NMOSD."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31424490",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 92,
"text": "Evaluation of the Central Vein Sign as a Diagnostic Imaging Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31424490",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 387,
"offsetInEndSection": 595,
"text": "Objective\n\nTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of various central vein sign lesion criteria for differentiating MS from non-MS conditions using 3T brain MRI with various commonly used pulse sequences."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31424490",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2518,
"offsetInEndSection": 2655,
"text": "The sensitivity was 68.1% and specificity was 82.9% for distinguishing MS from not MS using a 35% central vein sign proportion threshold."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31424490",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 234,
"text": "Importance\n\nThe central vein sign has been proposed as a specific imaging biomarker for distinguishing between multiple sclerosis (MS) and not MS, mainly based on findings from ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31424490",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2823,
"offsetInEndSection": 3125,
"text": "Conclusions and Relevance\n\nIn this study, use of the central vein sign at 3T MRI yielded a high specificity and a moderate sensitivity in differentiating MS from not MS; international, multicenter studies may be needed to ascertain whether the central vein sign-based criteria can accurately detect MS."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29565219",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1556,
"offsetInEndSection": 1801,
"text": "Conclusion The presence of the central vein sign on susceptibility-weighted images for MS lesions improves the understanding of the periventricular distribution of MS lesions and could contribute as adjunctive diagnostic criteria for MS disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31668125",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1274,
"offsetInEndSection": 1349,
"text": "The central vein sign should be considered as a diagnostic biomarker in MS."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31668125",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 163,
"offsetInEndSection": 247,
"text": "The central vein sign has the potential to be a non-invasive, MS-specific biomarker."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31796822",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 404,
"offsetInEndSection": 511,
"text": "Original articles investigating central vein sign on T2*-weighted images of patients with MS were selected."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30213803",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE\n\nThe central vein sign is a promising MR imaging diagnostic biomarker for multiple sclerosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31668125",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1283,
"offsetInEndSection": 1358,
"text": "The central vein sign should be considered as a diagnostic biomarker in MS."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30213803",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The central vein sign is a promising MR imaging diagnostic biomarker for multiple sclerosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27834394",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 202,
"offsetInEndSection": 336,
"text": "The central vein sign ( CVS ) has recently been proposed as a novel MRI biomarker to improve the accuracy and speed of MS diagnosis . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30213803",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 94,
"offsetInEndSection": 288,
"text": "Recent studies have demonstrated that patients with MS have higher proportions of white matter lesions with the central vein sign compared with those with diseases that mimic MS on MR imaging . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29565219",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1556,
"offsetInEndSection": 1802,
"text": "Conclusion The presence of the central vein sign on susceptibility-weighted images for MS lesions improves the understanding of the periventricular distribution of MS lesions and could contribute as adjunctive diagnostic criteria for MS disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29328521",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1791,
"offsetInEndSection": 1930,
"text": "INTERPRETATION\nThe central vein sign differentiates inflammatory CNS vasculopathies from MS at standard clinical magnetic field strengths."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31668125",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 163,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "The central vein sign has the potential to be a non-invasive, MS-specific biomarker."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31668125",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1282,
"offsetInEndSection": 1358,
"text": "The central vein sign should be considered as a diagnostic biomarker in MS."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27300318",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 295,
"text": "The Central Vein Sign in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Is Present Irrespective of the T2* Sequence at 3 T. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE\nPrevious T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have used white matter lesion (WML) central veins to distinguish multiple sclerosis (MS) from its mimics."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30213803",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 117,
"offsetInEndSection": 309,
"text": "Recent studies have demonstrated that patients with MS have higher proportions of white matter lesions with the central vein sign compared with those with diseases that mimic MS on MR imaging."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29328521",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1597,
"offsetInEndSection": 1757,
"text": "When a threshold of 50% perivenular lesions was applied, central vein sign discriminated MS from inflammatory vasculopathies with a diagnostic accuracy of 100%."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e4601293f54159529000002
|
factoid
|
Which is the catalytic activity of the protein encoded by the gene KMT2C?
|
['lysine methyltransferase activity']
|
['The lysine methyltransferase KMT2C (also known as MLL3), a subunit of the COMPASS complex, implements monomethylation of Lys4 on histone H3 (H3K4) at gene enhancers.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29785026",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29762619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28675691"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29785026",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "The lysine methyltransferase KMT2C (also known as MLL3), a subunit of the COMPASS complex, implements monomethylation of Lys4 on histone H3 (H3K4) at gene enhancers."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29762619",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1667,
"offsetInEndSection": 1698,
"text": "KMT2C histone methyltransferase"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28675691",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 270,
"offsetInEndSection": 306,
"text": " lysine methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C)"
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e6e487151b80c9423000001
|
factoid
|
Which is the most mutated gene in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)?
|
['LMNA', 'lamin A/C']
|
['The LMNA gene is the most mutated gene in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and affects approximately 25% of the patients.', 'Mutations in the gene encoding lamin A/C (LMNA) cause dilated cardiomyopathy', 'lamin a/c gene (lmna)', 'The most mutated gene in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the lamin A/C gene. Mutations in this gene are responsible for the most common form of DCM and result in a recessive form of cardiac hypertrophy. A compound heterozygous one amino-acid insertion/nonsense mutation in the plectin gene causes dilatedCardiac b-myosin heavy chain gene (LMNA) to be mutated in 25% of patients with DCM.', 'Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) may cause familial dilated cardiomyopathy (dilated cardiomyopathy)', 'The most mutated gene in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the LMO2-binding protein (LMNA) gene. Mutations in the LMNA gene underlie both adult-onset and juvenile forms of DCM and result in very severe cardiac dysfunction.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17386158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9243088",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30342008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29800419",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16266469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21689390",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22773734",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20497714"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16266469",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 140,
"text": "To examine the function of the novel mutation E82K in LMNA gene identified in a Chinese family infected by dilated cardiomyopathy"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17386158",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "To investigate the effect of a novel LMNA gene mutation E82K found in a Chinese family with dilated cardiomyopathy on cell cycle of HEK293 cells"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20497714",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) may cause familial dilated cardiomyopathy (dilated cardiomyopathy)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21689390",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1475,
"offsetInEndSection": 1652,
"text": "CMR is an accurate tool to determine the typical cardiac involvement in lamin A/C cardiomyopathy and may help to initiate early treatment in this malignant familiar form of DCM."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22773734",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1086,
"offsetInEndSection": 1283,
"text": "These results demonstrate that three different branches of the MAP kinase signaling pathway with overlapping consequences are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22773734",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 776,
"offsetInEndSection": 815,
"text": "cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30342008",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 98,
"offsetInEndSection": 167,
"text": " a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA gene mutation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30342008",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 219,
"offsetInEndSection": 375,
"text": "We investigated the involvement of desmin in the cardiomyopathy caused by the lamin A/C gene mutation using the LmnaH222P/H222P mouse model of the disease. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30342008",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 677,
"offsetInEndSection": 807,
"text": "To address the extent by which the observed desmin network defects contribute to the progression of LmnaH222P/H222P cardiomyopathy"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29800419",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 622,
"offsetInEndSection": 898,
"text": "This review discusses how gene mutations will result in mutation-specific molecular alterations in the heart including increased mitochondrial oxidation (sarcomeric gene e.g. TTN), decreased calcium sensitivity (sarcomeric genes), fibrosis (e.g. LMNA and TTN), or inflammation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9243088",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 269,
"text": "A major advance in the study of the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DC) has been the identification of a familial trait in a relevant proportion of cases (more than 25%), which indicates that, at least in these cases, a mutated gene is the cause of the disease."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5d374c727bc3fee31f00000d
|
factoid
|
Which type of cells protect Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damage in aquatic vertebrates?
|
['melanocytes']
|
['Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) require a specific microenvironment to grow and are protected from ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damages by melanocytes. Mutations that lack melanocytes have normal steady-state haem atopoiesis under standard laboratory conditions while melanocytes above the stem cell niche protect HSPCs against ultraviolet- light-induced damage.', 'Melanocytes protect Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damages in aquatic vertebrates.', 'Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) require a specific microenvironment, the haematopoietic niche, which regulates HSPC behaviour. A melanocyte umbrella above the kidney marrow protects HSPCs against ultraviolet light in zebrafish. The umbrella of melanocytes associated with the haematopoietic niche is highly evolutionarily conserved in aquatic animals, including the sea lamprey, a basal vertebrate. During the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment, HSPCs relocated into the bone marrow, which is protected from ultraviolet light by the cortical bone around the marrow. The melanocytes above the haematopoietic niche protect HSPCs from ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damage in aquatic vertebrates and during the transition to terrestrial life, ultraviolet light was an evolutionary pressure affecting the location of the haematopoietic niche.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29899448"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29899448",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1736,
"text": "Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) require a specific microenvironment, the haematopoietic niche, which regulates HSPC behaviour1,2. The location of this niche varies across species, but the evolutionary pressures that drive HSPCs to different microenvironments remain unknown. The niche is located in the bone marrow in adult mammals, whereas it is found in other locations in non-mammalian vertebrates, for example, in the kidney marrow in teleost fish. Here we show that a melanocyte umbrella above the kidney marrow protects HSPCs against ultraviolet light in zebrafish. Because mutants that lack melanocytes have normal steady-state haematopoiesis under standard laboratory conditions, we hypothesized that melanocytes above the stem cell niche protect HSPCs against ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damage. Indeed, after ultraviolet-light irradiation, unpigmented larvae show higher levels of DNA damage in HSPCs, as indicated by staining of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and have reduced numbers of HSPCs, as shown by cmyb (also known as myb) expression. The umbrella of melanocytes associated with the haematopoietic niche is highly evolutionarily conserved in aquatic animals, including the sea lamprey, a basal vertebrate. During the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment, HSPCs relocated into the bone marrow, which is protected from ultraviolet light by the cortical bone around the marrow. Our studies reveal that melanocytes above the haematopoietic niche protect HSPCs from ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damage in aquatic vertebrates and suggest that during the transition to terrestrial life, ultraviolet light was an evolutionary pressure affecting the location of the haematopoietic niche."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e36cf8eb5b409ea53000007
|
factoid
|
Which is the primary interacting protein of BLK?
|
['BANK1']
|
['The B cell adaptor protein with ankyrin repeats (BANK1) and the B lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK) have been genetically associated with autoimmunity. The proteins of these genes interact physically and work in concert during B-cell signaling.', 'Genetic and physical interaction of the B-cell systemic lupus erythematosus-associated genes BANK1 and BLK.', 'BLK interacts with at least two of the three kinases in the B-cell/proteasome pathway, namely the transcription factor BANK1 and the chromatin-associated transcription factor 1 (CACGT1).', 'Primary interacting protein of BLK (also known as BANK1)', 'Primary interacting protein of BLK is Cdk1-binding protein 1 (Bik1/Nbk1).', 'The genes BANK1 and BLK were recently described as associated with SLE a genetic interaction between BANK1 and BLK, and demonstrates that these molecules interact physically.', 'BLK activity is regulated by two interacting proteins, BANK1 and BANK2.', 'a genetic interaction between BANK1 and BLK, and demonstrates that these molecules interact physically.', 'Genetic and physical interaction of the B-cell systemic lupus erythematosus-associated genes BANK1 and BLK. a genetic interaction between BANK1 and BLK, and demonstrates that these molecules interact physically.', 'A The genes BANK1 and BLK were recently described as associated with SLE', 'Autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), ATG7, B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK) and B-cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1 (BANK1) are involved in B-cell signaling;', 'bank1']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18981230",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26420661",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23555801",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23646104",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21978998"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18981230",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 115,
"offsetInEndSection": 253,
"text": "n this study, we find that expression of Bik/Blk/Nbk is increased in human airway epithelial cells (AECs [HAECs]) in response to IFNgamma."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26420661",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 83,
"text": "Gene-gene interaction of ATG5, ATG7, BLK and BANK1 in systemic lupus erythematosus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26420661",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 5,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "Autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), ATG7, B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK) and B-cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1 (BANK1) are involved in B-cell signaling;"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23555801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 242,
"text": "The B cell adaptor protein with ankyrin repeats (BANK1) and the B lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK) have been genetically associated with autoimmunity. The proteins of these genes interact physically and work in concert during B-cell signaling. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23646104",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 67,
"text": "Epistatic interaction between BANK1 and BLK in rheumatoid arthritis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23646104",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 13,
"offsetInEndSection": 159,
"text": "ANK1 and BLK belong to the pleiotropic autoimmune genes; recently, epistasis between BANK1 and BLK was detected in systemic lupus erythematosus. A"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21978998",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "Genetic and physical interaction of the B-cell systemic lupus erythematosus-associated genes BANK1 and BLK."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21978998",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 106,
"offsetInEndSection": 176,
"text": "The genes BANK1 and BLK were recently described as associated with SLE"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21978998",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1496,
"offsetInEndSection": 1599,
"text": "a genetic interaction between BANK1 and BLK, and demonstrates that these molecules interact physically."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5d387573a1e159510500000a
|
factoid
|
How many doses of vaxchora are required?
|
['one']
|
['Vaxchora is a single-dose vaccine.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 45,
"text": "Vaxchora: A Single-Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 238,
"text": "To review trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of Vaxchora, a reformulated, single-dose, oral, lyophilized Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR vaccine for the prevention of travel-related cholera caused by V cholerae serogroup O1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 704,
"offsetInEndSection": 855,
"text": "Studies that addressed the safety and efficacy of Vaxchora, the reformulated, single-dose oral CVD 103-HgR cholera vaccine, were selected for analysis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 870,
"offsetInEndSection": 1166,
"text": " Approval of Vaxchora, was based on efficacy of the vaccine in human trials demonstrating 90.3% protection among those challenged with V cholerae 10 days after vaccination and in immunogenicity studies with 90% systemic vibriocidal antibody conversion at 6 months after a single-dose of vaccine. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1297,
"offsetInEndSection": 1495,
"text": "Vaxchora is the only FDA-approved, single-dose oral vaccine for the prevention of cholera caused by V cholerae serogroup O1 in adult travelers from the United States going to cholera-affected areas."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e764440c6a8763d23000013
|
factoid
|
What is the SLC25A20 protein transporting?
|
['The carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter (CACT; SLC25A20) mediates an antiport reaction allowing entry of acyl moieties in the form of acylcarnitines into the mitochondrial matrix and exit of free carnitine.']
|
['The carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter (CACT; SLC25A20) mediates an antiport reaction allowing entry of acyl moieties in the form of acylcarnitines into the mitochondrial matrix and exit of free carnitine.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29296668",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27864727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29408889"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29408889",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 948,
"offsetInEndSection": 978,
"text": "carnitine translocase Slc25a20"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27864727",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 206,
"text": "The carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter (CACT; SLC25A20) mediates an antiport reaction allowing entry of acyl moieties in the form of acylcarnitines into the mitochondrial matrix and exit of free carnitine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29296668",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 873,
"offsetInEndSection": 969,
"text": "Prominent among these targets was the mitochondrial carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase SLC25A20"
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e6e82eac6a8763d23000001
|
factoid
|
Which bacteria causes rat bite fever?
|
['Streptobacillus moniliformis']
|
['Rat bite fever is caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis. Infection induces typical but not pathognomonic clinical signs, such as local purulent wound infection followed by maculopapular exanthema, myalgia as well as purulent joint infections.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9486709",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29912693",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18061376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223620",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28322713",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20619014",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7360458",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11064988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292904",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7707673",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11943086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27809782",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644421"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644421",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 226,
"text": "Rat bite fever due to Streptobacillus moniliformis induces typical but not pathognomonic clinical signs, such as local purulent wound infection followed by maculopapular exanthema, myalgia as well as purulent joint infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644421",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "[Infections after bite wounds : For example rat bite fever due to Streptobacillus moniliformis]."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29912693",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "Rat-Bite Fever in Human with Streptobacillus notomytis Infection, Japan."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29912693",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 318,
"text": "We report a case of rat-bite fever in a 94-year-old woman with Streptobacillus notomytis infection. We established an epidemiologic link between exposure to rats and human infection by performing nested PCRs that detected S. notomytis in the intraoral swab specimens obtained from rats captured in the patient's house."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28322713",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Acute Tetraplegia Caused by Rat Bite Fever in Snake Keeper and Transmission of Streptobacillus moniliformis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28322713",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 139,
"text": "We report acute tetraplegia caused by rat bite fever in a 59-year old man (snake keeper) and transmission of Streptobacillus moniliformis. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27809782",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 252,
"text": "BACKGROUND: The Leptotrichiaceae are a family of fairly unnoticed bacteria containing both microbiota on mucous membranes as well as significant pathogens such as Streptobacillus moniliformis, the causative organism of streptobacillary rat bite fever. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27809782",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 251,
"text": "BACKGROUND\n\nThe Leptotrichiaceae are a family of fairly unnoticed bacteria containing both microbiota on mucous membranes as well as significant pathogens such as Streptobacillus moniliformis, the causative organism of streptobacillary rat bite fever."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18061376",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 77,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "One of the two etiological agents that cause rat bite fever is Streptobacillus moniliformis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11064988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 84,
"text": "Rat bite fever is a rare infection typically caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223620",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 48,
"text": "Rat bite fever and Streptobacillus moniliformis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223620",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Rat bite fever, caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis, is a systemic illness classically characterized by fever, rigors, and polyarthralgias."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11943086",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 162,
"text": "Streptobacillus moniliformis is a Gram-negative bacterium found in various laboratory animal species and is the cause of rat bite fever and Haverhill fever in man"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7360458",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 307,
"offsetInEndSection": 397,
"text": "The bacterium was identified as Streptobacillus moniliformis , the agent of rat-bite fever"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7707673",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Streptobacillus moniliformis ( Sm) , the causative agent of rat-bite fever and Haverhill fever in man , is also a pathogen in certain laboratory and domestic animals"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27809782",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 239,
"text": "The Leptotrichiaceae are a family of fairly unnoticed bacteria containing both microbiota on mucous membranes as well as significant pathogens such as Streptobacillus moniliformis , the causative organism of streptobacillary rat bite fever"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644421",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 227,
"text": "Rat bite fever due to Streptobacillus moniliformis induces typical but not pathognomonic clinical signs , such as local purulent wound infection followed by maculopapular exanthema , myalgia as well as purulent joint infections"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292904",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "Streptobacillus moniliformis is a fastidious growing Gram-negative bacillus responsible of rat-bite fever"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644421",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "Infections after bite wounds : For example rat bite fever due to Streptobacillus moniliformis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18061376",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 77,
"offsetInEndSection": 170,
"text": "One of the two etiological agents that cause rat bite fever is Streptobacillus moniliformis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644421",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 227,
"text": "Rat bite fever due to Streptobacillus moniliformis induces typical but not pathognomonic clinical signs, such as local purulent wound infection followed by maculopapular exanthema, myalgia as well as purulent joint infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9486709",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 154,
"text": "Rat-bite fever is an uncommon bacterial illness resulting from infection with Streptobacillus moniliformis that is often transmitted by the bite of a rat."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20619014",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 193,
"offsetInEndSection": 348,
"text": "We determined that he had bacteraemia caused by a Streptobacillus moniliformis infection, which led to the development of an illness called rat bite fever."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e30fa32fbd6abf43b000048
|
factoid
|
What receptor is associated with the protein encoded by the Spätzle gene?
|
['Toll-1 receptor']
|
['Currently, as a ligand for the Toll-1 receptor, only Spatzle (Spz) has been identified and characterized.', 'Currently Spatzle (Spz) has been identified and characterized as a ligand for the Toll-1 receptor', 'Spatzle (Spz) is the toll-1 receptor gene encoding a protein subunit of a multisubunit membrane protein complex that plays a central role in the remodeling of the cytoskeleton and its association with the membrane.', 'The Drosophila Toll-1 receptor is involved in embryonic development, innate immunity, and tissue homeostasis. Currently, as a ligand for the Toll-1 receptor, only Spatzle ( Spz) has been identified and characterized.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30146479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8124709",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31088910",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7590233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536362",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30308293",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30361090"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30146479",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 102,
"offsetInEndSection": 319,
"text": " In Drosophila, apoptotic elimination of the weaker \"loser\" cells from growing wing discs is induced by a signaling module consisting of the Toll ligand Spätzle (Spz), several Toll-related receptors, and NF-κB factors"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30361090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "The Drosophila Toll-1 receptor is involved in embryonic development, innate immunity, and tissue homeostasis. Currently, as a ligand for the Toll-1 receptor, only Spätzle (Spz) has been identified and characterized."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536362",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 80,
"text": "The Drosophila gene Spätzle encodes the activating ligand for the Toll receptor."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7590233",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 405,
"offsetInEndSection": 531,
"text": "The ligand for the Toll receptor is thought to be spätzle (spz), a secreted protein that is activated by proteolytic cleavage."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30308293",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Spätzle protein is an extracellular ligand of Toll receptor in Toll signaling pathway involved in the embryonic dorsoventral patterning and in the innate immunity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8124709",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 148,
"offsetInEndSection": 348,
"text": "spätzle acts immediately upstream of the membrane protein Toll in the genetic pathway, suggesting that spätzle could encode the ventrally localized ligand that activates the receptor activity of Toll."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536362",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The Drosophila gene Spätzle encodes the activating ligand for the Toll receptor"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536362",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": "The Drosophila gene Spätzle encodes the activating ligand for the Toll receptor."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31088910",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 161,
"offsetInEndSection": 401,
"text": "The canonical Toll receptor (Toll-1) is activated by the cytokine Spätzle (Spz-1), but Drosophila encodes eight other Toll genes and five other Spz genes whose interactions with one another and associated functions are less well-understood."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e5e502a1af46fc13000000a
|
factoid
|
Which graph database is used by the Reactome graph database?
|
['Neo4j']
|
['Reactome is a free, open-source, open-data, curated and peer-reviewed knowledgebase of biomolecular pathways. The Neo4j graph database and its query language, Cypher, provide efficient access to the complex Reactome data model, facilitating easy traversal and knowledge discovery.', 'The Neo4j graph database and its query language, Cypher, provide efficient access to the complex Reactome data model, facilitating easy traversal and knowledge discovery. The adoption of this technology greatly improved query efficiency, reducing the average query time by 93%.', 'The Reactome graph database organizes data and annotations (called tracks) around the reference sequences or draft assemblies of many eukaryotic biomolecular pathways and presents them using a powerful web-based graphical interface. The data are stored in a relational database, Neo4j, which is updated regularly with the addition of new data and corrections to previous data.', 'The Neo4j graph database and its query language, Cypher, provide efficient access to the complex Reactome data model, facilitating easy traversal and knowledge discovery. The adoption of this technology greatly improved query efficiency, reducing the average query time by 93%. The web service built on top of the graph database provides programmatic access to Reactome data by object oriented queries, but also supports more complex queries that take advantage of the new underlying graph-based data storage.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377902"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377902",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1401,
"text": "Reactome is a free, open-source, open-data, curated and peer-reviewed knowledgebase of biomolecular pathways. One of its main priorities is to provide easy and efficient access to its high quality curated data. At present, biological pathway databases typically store their contents in relational databases. This limits access efficiency because there are performance issues associated with queries traversing highly interconnected data. The same data in a graph database can be queried more efficiently. Here we present the rationale behind the adoption of a graph database (Neo4j) as well as the new ContentService (REST API) that provides access to these data. The Neo4j graph database and its query language, Cypher, provide efficient access to the complex Reactome data model, facilitating easy traversal and knowledge discovery. The adoption of this technology greatly improved query efficiency, reducing the average query time by 93%. The web service built on top of the graph database provides programmatic access to Reactome data by object oriented queries, but also supports more complex queries that take advantage of the new underlying graph-based data storage. By adopting graph database technology we are providing a high performance pathway data resource to the community. The Reactome graph database use case shows the power of NoSQL database engines for complex biological data types."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377902",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 664,
"offsetInEndSection": 834,
"text": "The Neo4j graph database and its query language, Cypher, provide efficient access to the complex Reactome data model, facilitating easy traversal and knowledge discovery."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377902",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 664,
"offsetInEndSection": 835,
"text": "The Neo4j graph database and its query language, Cypher, provide efficient access to the complex Reactome data model, facilitating easy traversal and knowledge discovery."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e30b870fbd6abf43b000038
|
factoid
|
What is the route of administration of vaxchora?
|
['Oral']
|
['Vaxchora is an oral vaccine.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 45,
"text": "Vaxchora: A Single-Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 238,
"text": "To review trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of Vaxchora, a reformulated, single-dose, oral, lyophilized Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR vaccine for the prevention of travel-related cholera caused by V cholerae serogroup O1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 704,
"offsetInEndSection": 855,
"text": "Studies that addressed the safety and efficacy of Vaxchora, the reformulated, single-dose oral CVD 103-HgR cholera vaccine, were selected for analysis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622736",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1297,
"offsetInEndSection": 1495,
"text": "Vaxchora is the only FDA-approved, single-dose oral vaccine for the prevention of cholera caused by V cholerae serogroup O1 in adult travelers from the United States going to cholera-affected areas."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e76436cc6a8763d23000012
|
factoid
|
What is the target of the drug remdesivir?
|
['polymerase']
|
['remdesivir is a polymerase inhibitor']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29511076",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30275474"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29511076",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 230,
"offsetInEndSection": 430,
"text": "We recently reported that the nucleoside analogue GS-5734 (remdesivir) potently inhibits human and zoonotic CoVs in vitro and in a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) mouse model."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29511076",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2517,
"offsetInEndSection": 2790,
"text": " Together, these studies define the target of GS-5734 activity and demonstrate that resistance is difficult to select, only partial, and impairs fitness and virulence of MHV and SARS-CoV, supporting further development of GS-5734 as a potential effective pan-CoV antiviral."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30275474",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 110,
"offsetInEndSection": 281,
"text": " In non-human primates, early initiation of polymerase inhibitors favipiravir and remdesivir improves survival, but whether they could be effective in patients is unknown."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e6de3f21af46fc130000022
|
factoid
|
Which algorithm has been developed for detecting expansions of tandem repeats?
|
['ExpansionHunter']
|
['Identifying large expansions of short tandem repeats (STRs), such as those that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fragile X syndrome, is challenging for short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. A solution to this problem is an important step toward integrating WGS into precision medicine. For that purpose, ExpansionHunter has been developed as a software tool that, using PCR-free WGS short- read data, can genotype repeats at the locus of interest, even if the expanded repeat is larger than the read length.', 'Identifying large expansions of short tandem repeats (STRs), such as those that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fragile X syndrome, is challenging for short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. A solution to this problem is an important step toward integrating WGS into precision medicine. ExpansionHunter has been developed as a tool which using PCR-free WGS short-read data, can genotype repeats at the locus of interest, even if the expanded repeat is larger than the read length. ExpansionHunter can be used to accurately detect known pathogenic repeat expansions and provides researchers with a tool that can be used to identify new pathogenic repeat expansions.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28887402"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28887402",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1549,
"text": "Identifying large expansions of short tandem repeats (STRs), such as those that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fragile X syndrome, is challenging for short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. A solution to this problem is an important step toward integrating WGS into precision medicine. We developed a software tool called ExpansionHunter that, using PCR-free WGS short-read data, can genotype repeats at the locus of interest, even if the expanded repeat is larger than the read length. We applied our algorithm to WGS data from 3001 ALS patients who have been tested for the presence of the C9orf72 repeat expansion with repeat-primed PCR (RP-PCR). Compared against this truth data, ExpansionHunter correctly classified all (212/212, 95% CI [0.98, 1.00]) of the expanded samples as either expansions (208) or potential expansions (4). Additionally, 99.9% (2786/2789, 95% CI [0.997, 1.00]) of the wild-type samples were correctly classified as wild type by this method with the remaining three samples identified as possible expansions. We further applied our algorithm to a set of 152 samples in which every sample had one of eight different pathogenic repeat expansions, including those associated with fragile X syndrome, Friedreich's ataxia, and Huntington's disease, and correctly flagged all but one of the known repeat expansions. Thus, ExpansionHunter can be used to accurately detect known pathogenic repeat expansions and provides researchers with a tool that can be used to identify new pathogenic repeat expansions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28887402",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 316,
"offsetInEndSection": 518,
"text": "We developed a software tool called ExpansionHunter that , using PCR-free WGS short-read data , can genotype repeats at the locus of interest , even if the expanded repeat is larger than the read length"
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e36d5b9b5b409ea53000009
|
factoid
|
Which clotting factor is in the Andexxa?
|
['Xa']
|
['Andexxa(r) is a first-in-class recombinant modified factor Xa protein. It is available to reverse life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding with the factor Xa inhibitors apixaban and rivaroxaban.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30013295",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30362966",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30053385",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29926311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30459509"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29926311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 304,
"text": "Intravenous andexanet alfa [coagulation factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated-zhzo; Andexxa®] is a first-in-class recombinant modified factor Xa protein that has been developed by Portola Pharmaceuticals as a universal antidote to reverse anticoagulant effects of direct or indirect factor Xa inhibitors. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30013295",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 266,
"text": "Fostamatinib (Tavalisse) for thrombocytopenia in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia; coagulation factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated-zhzo (Andexxa) for the reversal of anticoagulation; epoetin alfa-epbx (Retacrit), a biosimilar for the treatment of anemia."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30053385",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "A New Option for Reversing the Anticoagulant Effect of Factor Xa Inhibitors: Andexanet Alfa (ANDEXXA)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30053385",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 450,
"offsetInEndSection": 778,
"text": "Andexanet alfa was approved in May 2018, under the brand name ANDEXXA, for the reversal of 2 of FXa inhibitors, apixaban and rivaroxaban, when life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding occurs. This accelerated approval was based on change in anti-FXa activity from baseline that indicated a reversal of the anticoagulant effect."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30362966",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 50,
"text": "Andexanet Alfa for Reversing Factor Xa Inhibition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30362966",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 424,
"offsetInEndSection": 652,
"text": "Andexanet alfa (Andexxa®, Portola Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA) is a modified form of factor Xa that acts as a decoy binding entity for DOACs, thereby allowing endogenous factor Xa to perform its normal clotting functions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30459509",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 461,
"text": "Andexanet alfa (Andexxa®), a first-in-class recombinant modified factor Xa protein, is currently the only specific agent available to reverse life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding with the factor Xa inhibitors apixaban and rivaroxaban. Andexanet alfa acts as a decoy and competes with endogenous factor Xa to bind factor Xa inhibitors, thereby reversing the anticoagulant effects of factor Xa inhibitors, and restoring the activity of endogenous factor Xa. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30362966",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 450,
"offsetInEndSection": 677,
"text": "Andexanet alfa (Andexxa, Portola Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA) is a modified form of factor Xa that acts as a decoy binding entity for DOACs, thereby allowing endogenous factor Xa to perform its normal clotting functions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30459509",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 261,
"text": "Andexanet alfa (Andexxa __sup__ ® __end_sup__ ), a first-in-class recombinant modified factor Xa protein, is currently the only specific agent available to reverse life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding with the factor Xa inhibitors apixaban and rivaroxaban."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29926311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 325,
"text": "Intravenous andexanet alfa [coagulation factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated-zhzo; Andexxa __sup__ ® __end_sup__ ] is a first-in-class recombinant modified factor Xa protein that has been developed by Portola Pharmaceuticals as a universal antidote to reverse anticoagulant effects of direct or indirect factor Xa inhibitors."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30053385",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 450,
"offsetInEndSection": 642,
"text": "Andexanet alfa was approved in May 2018, under the brand name ANDEXXA, for the reversal of 2 of FXa inhibitors, apixaban and rivaroxaban, when life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding occurs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30459509",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 241,
"text": "Andexanet alfa (Andexxa ® ), a first-in-class recombinant modified factor Xa protein, is currently the only specific agent available to reverse life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding with the factor Xa inhibitors apixaban and rivaroxaban."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30362966",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 450,
"offsetInEndSection": 678,
"text": "Andexanet alfa (Andexxa, Portola Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA) is a modified form of factor Xa that acts as a decoy binding entity for DOACs, thereby allowing endogenous factor Xa to perform its normal clotting functions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30053385",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 450,
"offsetInEndSection": 643,
"text": "Andexanet alfa was approved in May 2018, under the brand name ANDEXXA, for the reversal of 2 of FXa inhibitors, apixaban and rivaroxaban, when life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding occurs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29926311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 304,
"text": "Intravenous andexanet alfa [coagulation factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated-zhzo; Andexxa®] is a first-in-class recombinant modified factor Xa protein that has been developed by Portola Pharmaceuticals as a universal antidote to reverse anticoagulant effects of direct or indirect factor Xa inhibitors."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30013295",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 267,
"text": "Fostamatinib (Tavalisse) for thrombocytopenia in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia; coagulation factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated-zhzo (Andexxa) for the reversal of anticoagulation; epoetin alfa-epbx (Retacrit), a biosimilar for the treatment of anemia."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e319617fbd6abf43b000049
|
factoid
|
Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in what part of the body?
|
['pituitary']
|
["Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in the pituitary gland", "Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in the pituitary gland.", "Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare endocrine disorder associated with increased serum levels of cortisol secreted due to an underlying tumour in pituitary.", "Most cases of Cushing's syndrome are due to increased adrenocorticotropic hormone production from a pituitary adenoma,"]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28413388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22918543",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28850717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15521676",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30148086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31666445"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28850717",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare disabling condition caused by Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting adenomas of the pituitary"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28413388",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 318,
"text": "Cushing's syndrome is a rare endocrine disorder that comprises a large group of signs and symptoms resulting from chronic exposure to excess corticosteroids. Most cases of Cushing's syndrome are due to increased adrenocorticotropic hormone production from a pituitary adenoma, which is referred to as Cushing's disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30148086",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare endocrine disorder associated with increased serum levels of cortisol secreted due to an underlying tumour in pituitary."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31666445",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "Cushing's disease is primarily caused by autonomic hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from a pituitary adenoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30148086",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Cushing 's disease ( CD ) is a rare endocrine disorder associated with increased serum levels of cortisol secreted due to an underlying tumour in pituitary"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22918543",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 173,
"text": "Hypercortisolism due to an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing's disease) is a chronic condition associated with high morbidity and mortality if inadequately managed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15521676",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "Cushing's syndrome due to an ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor is associated with serious morbidity and mortality."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e669e401af46fc13000001a
|
factoid
|
Which was the first genetically modified organism (GMO) to be used as vaccine?
|
['Vaxchora', 'CVD 103-HgR']
|
['The first genetically modified organism to be used as vaccine was the live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR or vaxchora.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27425792"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27425792",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 255,
"offsetInEndSection": 614,
"text": "The oral live cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR (Orochol, Mutachol), the first genetically modified organism (GMO) used as vaccine, was in its time (launched 1993, Switzerland) the ideal cholera vaccine: single-dose, protective efficacy of 80-100% against moderate to severe cholera, acting within 8 days and exhibiting excellent safety, indiscernible from placebo."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e764647c6a8763d23000016
|
factoid
|
What percentage of patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) develop recurrent disease?
|
['11-75%']
|
['1.04% of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma develop recurrent disease. The overall recurrence rate is 75%.', 'The overall recurrence rate was 75% in HPV negative patients and 11% in HPV positive ones. Disease recurred in a spared parotid gland in three patients (1.04%).']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28900497",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29290287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28849027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30142809",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21982471",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25607111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265358"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29290287",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 794,
"offsetInEndSection": 992,
"text": "IMRT group achieved better locoregional control rate, with the 5-year locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS) were 84.9% and 87.7% among patients received 2D-RT and IMRT, respectively (P = 0.050)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30142809",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 542,
"offsetInEndSection": 693,
"text": "The patients were divided into the local recurrence (n = 39), fibrosis (n = 51), clivus recurrence (n = 22), and clivus nonrecurrence (n = 48) groups. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28849027",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 599,
"offsetInEndSection": 872,
"text": " Serum was collected from 40 patients with NPC [recurrence (n=20) and no recurrence (n=20)]. Compared to non‑recurrent NPC (nrNPC), we found 59 proteins to be significantly dysregulated in rNPC; most of these have been previously reported to play a role in carcinogenesis. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28900497",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 675,
"offsetInEndSection": 854,
"text": "With a median follow up of 49.50 months, the 3- and 5- year LR-free rate were 95.43% and 94.30% respectively; the 3- and 5- year RR-free rate were 95.94% and 95.41% respectively. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265358",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 457,
"offsetInEndSection": 547,
"text": "The overall recurrence rate was 75% in HPV negative patients and 11% in HPV positive ones."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21982471",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 631,
"offsetInEndSection": 700,
"text": "Disease recurred in a spared parotid gland in three patients (1.04%)."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5d3826427bc3fee31f00000f
|
factoid
|
What classes of drugs does Retapamulin belong to?
|
['antibiotics']
|
['Retapamulin is a member of the pleuromutilin family of antibiotics.', 'Pleuromutilins have a potential to be developed as a new class of antibiotics for use in humans. This class includes valnemulin, tiamulin, and retapamulin.', 'Retapamulin belongs to the class of gentamycin-resistant antibiotics.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18389088",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19436611",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777229",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23793314",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28874907",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18041900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17350985",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18341664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16940066",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28533232"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777229",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 321,
"offsetInEndSection": 458,
"text": "Retapamulin 1% ointment is a unique topical antibiotic formulation that may be a suitable option for the treatment of clinically infected"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777229",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1139,
"offsetInEndSection": 1328,
"text": "Retapamulin 1% is effective for the treatment of atopic dermatitis infected with S aureus, and demonstrates efficacy against both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28874907",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 318,
"offsetInEndSection": 741,
"text": "Pleuromutilins have a potential to be developed as a new class of antibiotics for systemic use in humans. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between pleuromutilins, including valnemulin, tiamulin, and retapamulin, and 13 other antibiotics representing different mechanisms of action, against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus both in vitro and in an experimental Galleria mellonella model"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28533232",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 779,
"offsetInEndSection": 958,
"text": "he eight antibiotics, azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, retapamulin, rifampin, and telithromycin, had diverse targets and mechanisms of action. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18341664",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 322,
"offsetInEndSection": 435,
"text": "Retapamulin belongs to a newly developed class of antibiotics for the treatment of uncomplicated skin infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23793314",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 40,
"text": "Retapamulin: a newer topical antibiotic."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18389088",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "Retapamulin: a new topical antibiotic for the treatment of uncomplicated skin infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18389088",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 140,
"text": "Retapamulin is the first agent in the new pleuromutilin class of antibacterials to become commercially available for clinical use in humans."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19436611",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "Retapamulin is a novel semisynthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic specifically designed for use as a topical agent."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18341664",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 321,
"offsetInEndSection": 434,
"text": "Retapamulin belongs to a newly developed class of antibiotics for the treatment of uncomplicated skin infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18041900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 234,
"text": "Retapamulin is a semisynthetic pleuromutilin compound with in vitroactivity against Gram-positive bacteria, no cross-resistance to other classes of antimicrobial agents in current use and a low potential for development of resistance."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16940066",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Retapamulin is a semisynthetic pleuromutilin derivative being developed as a topical antibiotic for treating bacterial infections of the skin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17350985",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "OBJECTIVES\n\nRetapamulin is the first agent of the pleuromutilin class formulated as a topical antibacterial for treating skin infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17350985",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 127,
"text": "Retapamulin is the first agent of the pleuromutilin class formulated as a topical antibacterial for treating skin infections . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18389088",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "Retapamulin is the first agent in the new pleuromutilin class of antibacterials to become commercially available for clinical use in humans."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19436611",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "Retapamulin is a novel semisynthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic specifically designed for use as a topical agent."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16940066",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "Retapamulin is a semisynthetic pleuromutilin derivative being developed as a topical antibiotic for treating bacterial infections of the skin."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17350985",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "In vitro activity against anaerobes of retapamulin, a new topical antibiotic for treatment of skin infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17350985",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 125,
"text": "Retapamulin is the first agent of the pleuromutilin class formulated as a topical antibacterial for treating skin infections."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e5e50751af46fc13000000b
|
factoid
|
What cellular process is JAK/STAT involved in?
|
['inflammation']
|
['The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is utilized by numerous cytokines and interferons, and is essential for the development and function of both innate and adaptive immunity.', 'The serine/threonine kinase JAK/STAT is a major regulator of Janus kinase activity and plays a critical role in regulating the ubiquitin/proinflammatory signaling pathway.', 'JAK/STAT is a master regulator of immunity', 'JAK/STAT is involved in the regulation of immunity']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26938566",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27928945",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26398764",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716890",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27713030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22284190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28914550",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23827161",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12479803"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27928945",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 202,
"text": "JAK/STAT signal pathway, a requisite part in the signaling process of growth factors and cytokines, has become attractive targets for numerous immune, inflammatory and hematopoietic diseases"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27713030",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "Role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in regulation of innate immunity in neuroinflammatory diseases"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27713030",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 235,
"text": "The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is utilized by numerous cytokines and interferons, and is essential for the development and function of both innate and adaptive immunity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28914550",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 217,
"text": "Stimulation of the cholinergic inflammatory pathway can attenuate collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and inhibit synovitis by Janus kinase (JAK) 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716890",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 255,
"text": "Cytokines are key modulators of immunity. Most cytokines use the Janus kinase and signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway to promote gene transcriptional regulation, but their signals must be attenuated by multiple mechanisms"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26938566",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 555,
"offsetInEndSection": 745,
"text": "Moreover , JAK/STAT signaling , especially via the IL-6/STAT3 axis , is believed to be involved in the transition of inflammatory lesions to tumors leading to colitis-associated cancer ( CAC"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26398764",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1060,
"offsetInEndSection": 1271,
"text": "The JAK/STAT cascade is a principal signal transduction pathway in cytokine and growth factor signaling, regulating various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23827161",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway constitute the fulcrum in many vital cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and regulatory immune functions."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e6399dd1af46fc13000000f
|
factoid
|
Which T-UCR has been implicated in prostate cancer?
|
['Uc.63+']
|
['Transcribed ultraconserved region Uc.63+ promotes resistance to docetaxel through regulation of androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer. Docetaxel is the standard chemotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer ( CRPC). However, nearly all patients ultimately become refractory due to the development of docetaxel resistance.', 'The transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs that are absolutely conserved across species and are involved in carcinogenesis including prostate cancer (PC). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of T-UCR Uc.63+ was increased in PC tissues. MTT assay and wound healing assay revealed that Uc.63+ was involved in cell growth and cell migration. miR-130b was predicted to have binding sites within the Uc.63+ sequence. The expression of miR-130b was significantly disturbed by the overexpression or knockdown of Uc.63+. Overexpression of Uc.63+ increased the expression of AR and its downstream molecule PSA and promoted resistance to docetaxel through AR regulation. In patients treated with docetaxel, the expression of serum Uc.63+ in the docetaxel-resistant patients was higher than that in the docetaxel-sensitive patients (P = 0.011). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the high expression of serum Uc.63+ correlated with a worse prognosis (P = 0.020).']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212226"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212226",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "Transcribed ultraconserved region Uc.63+ promotes resistance to docetaxel through regulation of androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212226",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1758,
"text": "Docetaxel is the standard chemotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, nearly all patients ultimately become refractory due to the development of docetaxel resistance. The transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs that are absolutely conserved across species and are involved in carcinogenesis including prostate cancer (PC). In this study, we investigated the transcriptional levels of 26 representative T-UCRs and determined the regions that were differentially expressed in PC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of T-UCR Uc.63+ was increased in PC tissues. MTT assay and wound healing assay revealed that Uc.63+ was involved in cell growth and cell migration. miR-130b was predicted to have binding sites within the Uc.63+ sequence. The expression of miR-130b was significantly disturbed by the overexpression or knockdown of Uc.63+. We also showed that Uc.63+ regulated the expression of MMP2 via miR-130b regulation. Furthermore, overexpression of Uc.63+ increased the expression of AR and its downstream molecule PSA and promoted resistance to docetaxel through AR regulation. In patients treated with docetaxel, the expression of serum Uc.63+ in the docetaxel-resistant patients was higher than that in the docetaxel-sensitive patients (P = 0.011). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the high expression of serum Uc.63+ correlated with a worse prognosis (P = 0.020). These results substantially support the important role that Uc.63+ plays in PC progression by interacting with miR-130b and indicate that Uc.63+ could potentially be a promising serum marker for deciding the best treatment for patients with CRPC."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212226",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 557,
"offsetInEndSection": 688,
"text": "Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of T-UCR Uc.63+ was increased in PC tissues."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212226",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1529,
"offsetInEndSection": 1774,
"text": "These results substantially support the important role that Uc.63+ plays in PC progression by interacting with miR-130b and indicate that Uc.63+ could potentially be a promising serum marker for deciding the best treatment for patients with CRPC"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212226",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Transcribed ultraconserved region Uc.63+ promotes resistance to docetaxel through regulation of androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212226",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 566,
"offsetInEndSection": 696,
"text": "Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of T-UCR Uc.63+ was increased in PC tissues"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212226",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 557,
"offsetInEndSection": 689,
"text": "Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of T-UCR Uc.63+ was increased in PC tissues."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e36a718b5b409ea53000004
|
factoid
|
Which domain of the MOZ/MYST3 protein complex associates with histone H3?
|
['the double PHD finger domain']
|
['The double PHD finger domain of MOZ/MYST3 induces a-helical structure of the histone H3 tail', 'The double PHD finger domain of MOZ/MYST3 induces a-helical structure of the histone H3 tail to facilitate acetylation and methylation sampling and modification In addition to sampling H3 and H4 modification status, we show that the DPF cooperates with the MYST domain to promote H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation, although not if H3K4 is trimethylated', 'MOZ/MYST3 complex associates with histone H3 with high affinity and specificity. Both proteins share a PHD finger domain.', 'The double PHD finger domain of MOZ/MYST3 induces a-helical structure of the histone H3 tail to facilitate acetylation and methylation sampling and modification.', 'In conclusion, our data show that Moz regulates H3K9 acetylation at Hox gene loci and that RA can act independently of Moz to establish specific Hox gene expression boundaries. The double PHD finger domain of MOZ/MYST3 induces a-helical structure of the histone H3 tail to facilitate acetylation and methylation sampling and modification', 'MOZ/MYST3 complex associates with histone H3 with PHD finger domain.', 'ere we report novel insights into histone H3 tail structure in complex with the double PHD finger (DPF) of the lysine acetyltransferase MOZ/MYST3/KAT6A.', 'ere we report novel insights into histone H3 tail structure in complex with the double PHD finger (DPF) of the lysine acetyltransferase MOZ/MYST3/KAT6A. In addition to sampling H3 and H4 modification status, we show that the DPF cooperates with the MYST domain to promote H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation, although not if H3K4 is trimethylated', 'In conclusion, our data show that Moz regulates H3K9 acetylation at Hox gene loci and that RA can act independently of Moz to establish specific Hox gene expression boundaries. The double PHD finger domain of MOZ/MYST3 induces a-helical structure of the histone H3 tail to facilitate acetylation and methylation sampling and modification ere we report novel insights into histone H3 tail structure in complex with the double PHD finger (DPF) of the lysine acetyltransferase MOZ/MYST3/KAT6A.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24150941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19922872"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19922872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 844,
"offsetInEndSection": 1020,
"text": "In conclusion, our data show that Moz regulates H3K9 acetylation at Hox gene loci and that RA can act independently of Moz to establish specific Hox gene expression boundaries."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24150941",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "The double PHD finger domain of MOZ/MYST3 induces α-helical structure of the histone H3 tail to facilitate acetylation and methylation sampling and modification"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24150941",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 130,
"offsetInEndSection": 467,
"text": "ere we report novel insights into histone H3 tail structure in complex with the double PHD finger (DPF) of the lysine acetyltransferase MOZ/MYST3/KAT6A. In addition to sampling H3 and H4 modification status, we show that the DPF cooperates with the MYST domain to promote H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation, although not if H3K4 is trimethylated"
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5d38663da1e1595105000001
|
factoid
|
Which company sells the drug Afrezza since 2015?
|
['Sanofi']
|
['Afrezza has been marketed by Sanofi since February 2015.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222134"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222134",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 635,
"offsetInEndSection": 909,
"text": "In contrary, MannKind Corporation started developing its ultra-rapid-acting insulin Afrezza in a bold bid, probably by managing the issues in which Exubera was not successful. Afrezza has been marketed since February, 2015 by Sanofi after getting FDA approval in June 2014. "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e776db8835f4e4777000011
|
factoid
|
What is the gene PTENP?
|
["PTEN pseudogene (PTENp) acts as an endogenous RNA, which regulates its parental gene by competitively binding to the 3' UTR of PTEN gene in the human."]
|
["PTEN pseudogene (PTENp) acts as an endogenous RNA, which regulates its parental gene by competitively binding to the 3' UTR of PTEN gene in the human."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27936183"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27936183",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 66,
"offsetInEndSection": 326,
"text": "PTEN pseudogene (PTENp) acts as an endogenous RNA, which regulates its parental gene by competitively binding to the 3' UTR of PTEN gene in the human. Despite the importance of this pseudogene, little is known about the molecular evolution of PTENp in mammals."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e6df7887fc1ee872b000001
|
factoid
|
Rachmilewitz Index is used for which diseases?
|
['ulcerative colitis']
|
['Rachmilewitz Index is used for assessment of endoscopic disease activity of patients with ulcerative colitis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30130840",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25823689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15603341",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26894632",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7752802",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23511035",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8649955",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19462421",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30353757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985865",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981894",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19821197",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26642816",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24742079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17168120"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30130840",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 511,
"offsetInEndSection": 929,
"text": "At present, many endoscopic indices of ulcerative colitis have been introduced, including the Truelove and Witts Endoscopy Index, Baron Index, Powell-Tuck Index, Sutherland Index, Mayo Clinic Endoscopic Sub-Score, Rachmilewitz Index, Modified Baron Index, Endoscopic Activity Index, Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity, Ulcerative Colitis Colonoscopic Index of Severity, and Modified Mayo Endoscopic Score."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30353757",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 496,
"offsetInEndSection": 909,
"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with a corticosteroid-refractory flare of UC who did not respond to calcineurin inhibitors and received continuing salvage therapy with adalimumab were included in this retrospective, observational, single-centre study. The cumulative rates of colectomy were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Clinical remission and response were evaluated based on the Rachmilewitz index. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26894632",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1185,
"offsetInEndSection": 1628,
"text": "RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A high correlation was demonstrated between three of the 11 evaluated clinical indices - Improvement Based on Individual Symptom Scores, Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index, and Schroeder Index - and all nine endoscopic indices - Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity, Baron Score, Schroeder Index, Feagan Index, Powell-Tuck Index, Rachmilewitz Index, Sutherland Index, Lofberg Index, and Lemman Index. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981894",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 386,
"offsetInEndSection": 575,
"text": "A prospective open-label, single-center study was performed in 10 patients with active UC (Rachmilewitz Clinical Activity Index [CAI] ≥ 8 points; Rachmilewitz Endoscopic Index ≥ 7 points). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25823689",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 588,
"offsetInEndSection": 867,
"text": "METHODS: Thirty patients with mild to moderate IBD (Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) <220 or Rachmilewitz Index (RI) <11) were randomized 1:1 to either supervised moderate-intensity running thrice a week for 10 weeks or a control group who were not prescribed any exercise. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24742079",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 283,
"text": "BACKGROUND: To investigate whether anxiety and depression levels are associated with Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) induction in the colon of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).METHODS: The design was cross-sectional. Clinical activity was assessed by the Rachmilewitz Index (CAI)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23511035",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 664,
"offsetInEndSection": 838,
"text": "Endoscopic disease activities were scored independently according to the Simple Endoscopic Score for CD in patients with CD and to the Rachmilewitz Index in patients with UC."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 630,
"offsetInEndSection": 759,
"text": "The clinical activity of UC was evaluated using the Rachmilewitz index; its endoscopic pattern was assessed with the Mayo index. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985865",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 262,
"text": "OBJECTIVE\n\nThe aim of this study was to assess the concordance between the Rachmilewitz endoscopic activity index (EAI) and the Harpaz histopathological activity scoring system (HSS), which are used for evaluating the disease activity of ulcerative colitis (UC)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 632,
"offsetInEndSection": 760,
"text": "The clinical activity of UC was evaluated using the Rachmilewitz index; its endoscopic pattern was assessed with the Mayo index."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15603341",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1333,
"offsetInEndSection": 1463,
"text": "Disease activity was described according to Rachmilewitz scale in UC and in CD according to Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 998,
"offsetInEndSection": 1377,
"text": "RESULTS\n\nFollowing 12 months, allogeneic bone marrow (BM) MSC transplantation performed thrice during a month caused the greatest reduction in the Rachmilewitz clinical activity index, Mayo endoscopic activity index, and Gebs pathohistological index in patients with UC as compared to those who had underwent one transplantation or received 5-ASA preparations and GCS (p < 0.05)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19462421",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Ulcerative colitis: correlation of the Rachmilewitz endoscopic activity index with fecal calprotectin, clinical activity, C-reactive protein, and blood leukocytes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19462421",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 341,
"offsetInEndSection": 507,
"text": "METHODS\n\nUC patients undergoing colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled and scored independently according the endoscopic and clinical part of the Rachmilewitz Index."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19462421",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 166,
"text": "BACKGROUND\n\nThe accuracy of noninvasive markers for the detection of endoscopically active ulcerative colitis (UC) according the Rachmilewitz Score is so far unknown."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19821197",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 866,
"offsetInEndSection": 1016,
"text": "Clinical activity in Chron's disease was measured by Crohn disease activity index and in ulcerative colitis patients by Rachmilewitz endoscopic index."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 629,
"offsetInEndSection": 757,
"text": "The clinical activity of UC was evaluated using the Rachmilewitz index; its endoscopic pattern was assessed with the Mayo index."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15603341",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1328,
"offsetInEndSection": 1458,
"text": "Disease activity was described according to Rachmilewitz scale in UC and in CD according to Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26642816",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 338,
"offsetInEndSection": 501,
"text": "Rachmilewitz scoring system (endoscopic activity index [EAI]) was used to determine UC activity, and as for CD activity, CD activity index (CDAI) scoring was used."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19462421",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 339,
"offsetInEndSection": 504,
"text": "METHODS UC patients undergoing colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled and scored independently according the endoscopic and clinical part of the Rachmilewitz Index."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8649955",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 351,
"offsetInEndSection": 421,
"text": "The Rachmilewitz scale is better in distinguishing between UC and CNS."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985865",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 258,
"text": "The aim of this study was to assess the concordance between the Rachmilewitz endoscopic activity index ( EAI ) and the Harpaz histopathological activity scoring system ( HSS) , which are used for evaluating the disease activity of ulcerative colitis ( UC ) ."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7752802",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 844,
"offsetInEndSection": 1061,
"text": "In patients with ulcerative colitis suffering from arthritis a significant increase of disease activity ( Rachmilewitz index ) could be shown as compared to ulcerative colitis patients without arthritis ( p < 0.02) . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 631,
"offsetInEndSection": 760,
"text": "The clinical activity of UC was evaluated using the Rachmilewitz index; its endoscopic pattern was assessed with the Mayo index."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 998,
"offsetInEndSection": 1377,
"text": "RESULTS\nFollowing 12 months, allogeneic bone marrow (BM) MSC transplantation performed thrice during a month caused the greatest reduction in the Rachmilewitz clinical activity index, Mayo endoscopic activity index, and Gebs pathohistological index in patients with UC as compared to those who had underwent one transplantation or received 5-ASA preparations and GCS (p < 0.05)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15603341",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1332,
"offsetInEndSection": 1463,
"text": "Disease activity was described according to Rachmilewitz scale in UC and in CD according to Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23511035",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 665,
"offsetInEndSection": 840,
"text": "Endoscopic disease activities were scored independently according to the Simple Endoscopic Score for CD in patients with CD and to the Rachmilewitz Index in patients with UC."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 630,
"offsetInEndSection": 758,
"text": "The clinical activity of UC was evaluated using the Rachmilewitz index; its endoscopic pattern was assessed with the Mayo index."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19462421",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 166,
"text": "BACKGROUND: The accuracy of noninvasive markers for the detection of endoscopically active ulcerative colitis (UC) according the Rachmilewitz Score is so far unknown."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19462421",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 339,
"offsetInEndSection": 505,
"text": "METHODS: UC patients undergoing colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled and scored independently according the endoscopic and clinical part of the Rachmilewitz Index."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985865",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 274,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the concordance between the Rachmilewitz endoscopic activity index (EAI) and the Harpaz histopathological activity scoring system (HSS), which are used for evaluating the disease activity of ulcerative colitis (UC).SUBJECTS AND"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26642816",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 339,
"offsetInEndSection": 502,
"text": "Rachmilewitz scoring system (endoscopic activity index [EAI]) was used to determine UC activity, and as for CD activity, CD activity index (CDAI) scoring was used."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26642816",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 311,
"offsetInEndSection": 474,
"text": "Rachmilewitz scoring system (endoscopic activity index [EAI]) was used to determine UC activity, and as for CD activity, CD activity index (CDAI) scoring was used."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17168120",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 620,
"offsetInEndSection": 758,
"text": "Crohn's disease activity index and the Rachmilewitz endoscopic activity index for ulcerative colitis were used to assess disease activity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15603341",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1286,
"offsetInEndSection": 1416,
"text": "Disease activity was described according to Rachmilewitz scale in UC and in CD according to Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI)."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e47546d3f54159529000019
|
factoid
|
What is OAC CHV?
|
["Layman's term vocabulary for health related terms"]
|
['The Open Access and Collaborative Consumer Health Vocabulary (OAC CHV), which contains health-related terms used by lay consumers,', 'The Open Access and Collaborative Consumer Health Vocabulary (OAC CHV), contains health-related terms used by lay consumers.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28359728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27884812"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27884812",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1234,
"offsetInEndSection": 1296,
"text": "Open-Access Collaborative Consumer Health Vocabulary (OAC CHV)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28359728",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 180,
"offsetInEndSection": 311,
"text": "The Open Access and Collaborative Consumer Health Vocabulary (OAC CHV), which contains health-related terms used by lay consumers, "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28359728",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 180,
"offsetInEndSection": 349,
"text": "The Open Access and Collaborative Consumer Health Vocabulary (OAC CHV), which contains health-related terms used by lay consumers, has been created to bridge such a gap."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28359728",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 350,
"offsetInEndSection": 550,
"text": "Specifically, the OAC CHV facilitates consumers' health information retrieval by enabling consumer-facing health applications to translate between professional language and consumer friendly language."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28359728",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 181,
"offsetInEndSection": 352,
"text": "The Open Access and Collaborative Consumer Health Vocabulary ( OAC CHV) , which contains health-related terms used by lay consumers , has been created to bridge such a gap"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28359728",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 355,
"offsetInEndSection": 555,
"text": "Specifically , the OAC CHV facilitates consumers' health information retrieval by enabling consumer-facing health applications to translate between professional language and consumer friendly language"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28359728",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 350,
"offsetInEndSection": 551,
"text": "Specifically, the OAC CHV facilitates consumers' health information retrieval by enabling consumer-facing health applications to translate between professional language and consumer friendly language."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28359728",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 180,
"offsetInEndSection": 350,
"text": "The Open Access and Collaborative Consumer Health Vocabulary (OAC CHV), which contains health-related terms used by lay consumers, has been created to bridge such a gap."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e3ab4f8b5b409ea5300001b
|
factoid
|
What does MVA85A stand for?
|
['Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara expressing Antigen 85A']
|
['MVA85A is the Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara expressing Antigen 85A.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22789508"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22789508",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 320,
"text": "A non-randomised, open-label, Phase I safety and immunogenicity dose-finding study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the candidate TB vaccine Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara expressing Antigen 85A (MVA85A) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in healthy adult volunteers previously vaccinated with BCG."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e776845835f4e477700000a
|
factoid
|
Which protein is mutated in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria?
|
['FECH gene, ferrochelatase']
|
['Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare inherited disorder of the heme biosynthesis pathway resulting in the accumulation of protoporphyrins in the blood, erythrocytes, and other tissues. Because of a gene mutation in the FECH gene, ferrochelatase, the enzyme involved in the final step of heme synthesis, is deficient in these patients.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29610169",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30175727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29116687"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29116687",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 344,
"text": "Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare inherited disorder of the heme biosynthesis pathway resulting in the accumulation of protoporphyrins in the blood, erythrocytes, and other tissues. Because of a gene mutation in the FECH gene, ferrochelatase, the enzyme involved in the final step of heme synthesis, is deficient in these patients. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29610169",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 101,
"offsetInEndSection": 270,
"text": " Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is the most common inherited porphyria in children and is diagnosed in most individuals after the onset of cutaneous manifestations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30175727",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 25,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": " an erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP)-associated ferrochelatase (FECH) mutation "
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e822615835f4e4777000034
|
factoid
|
Which part of the TNFR2 gene is genetically associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
|
["3' flanking region"]
|
["There is a TNFR2 3' flanking region polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus.", "A TNFR2 3' flanking region polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus.", "A tnfr2 3' flanking region polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus has been shown to be significantly associated with selenocytoplasmic lupus erythematotosus. No transmission distortion was observed for tnpr2-196r allele."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11197692",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11607787",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11169260",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10395102",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11196716"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11196716",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "A TNFR2 3' flanking region polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11196716",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 850,
"offsetInEndSection": 1027,
"text": "We therefore characterized the frequency of a genetic polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the TNFR2 gene in Caucasoid SLE patients and geographically matched controls."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10395102",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1412,
"offsetInEndSection": 1686,
"text": " In conclusion, the TNFR2 196R allele was found to be significantly associated with the susceptibility to SLE in the Japanese population. Further population and functional studies will be of particular importance to establish TNFR2 as one of the susceptibility genes to SLE."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11197692",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 730,
"offsetInEndSection": 857,
"text": "Thus, among the non-synonymous cSNPs, only nt587 (T-->G) (M196R) was found to be significantly associated with SLE in Japanese."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11607787",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 991,
"offsetInEndSection": 1054,
"text": "No transmission distortion was observed for TNFR2-196R allele. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11169260",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "Lack of association between the Met196Arg polymorphism in the TNFR2 gene and autoimmune diseases accompanied by vasculitis including SLE in Japanese."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5d386ed6a1e1595105000004
|
factoid
|
Which database exists that contains regulatory SNPs which affect predicted transcription factor binding site affinity?
|
['SNP2TFBS']
|
["SNP2TFBS is a computational resource intended to support researchers investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory variation in the human genome. The database essentially consists of a collection of text files providing specific annotations for human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely whether they are predicted to abolish, create or change the affinity of one or several transcription factor (TF) binding sites. A SNP's effect on TF binding is estimated based on a position weight matrix (PWM) model for the binding specificity of the corresponding factor.", 'SNP2TFBS is a computational resource intended to support researchers investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory variation in the human genome. The database essentially consists of a collection of text files providing specific annotations for human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely whether they are predicted to abolish, create or change the affinity of one or several transcription factor (TF) binding sites.', "SN2TFBS is a computational resource intended to support researchers investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory variation in the human genome. The database essentially consists of a collection of text files providing specific annotations for human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely whether they are predicted to abolish, create or change the affinity of one or several transcription factor (TF) binding sites. A SNP's effect on TF binding is estimated based on a position weight matrix (PWM) model for the binding specificity of the corresponding factor.", "SNP2TFBS is a computational resource intended to support researchers investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory variation in the human genome. The database essentially consists of a collection of text files providing specific annotations for human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely whether they are predicted to abolish, create or change the affinity of one or several transcription factor (TF) binding sites. A SNP's effect on TF binding is estimated based on a position weight matrix (PWM) model for the binding specificity of the corresponding factor. These data files are regenerated at regular intervals by an automatic procedure that takes as input a reference genome, a comprehensive SNP catalogue and a collection of PWMs. SNP2TFBS is also accessible over a web interface, enabling users to view the information provided for an individual SNP, to extract SNPs based on various search criteria, to annotate uploaded sets of SNPs or to display statistics about the frequencies of binding sites affected by selected SNPs."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899579"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899579",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "SNP2TFBS - a database of regulatory SNPs affecting predicted transcription factor binding site affinity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899579",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1101,
"text": "SNP2TFBS is a computational resource intended to support researchers investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory variation in the human genome. The database essentially consists of a collection of text files providing specific annotations for human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely whether they are predicted to abolish, create or change the affinity of one or several transcription factor (TF) binding sites. A SNP's effect on TF binding is estimated based on a position weight matrix (PWM) model for the binding specificity of the corresponding factor. These data files are regenerated at regular intervals by an automatic procedure that takes as input a reference genome, a comprehensive SNP catalogue and a collection of PWMs. SNP2TFBS is also accessible over a web interface, enabling users to view the information provided for an individual SNP, to extract SNPs based on various search criteria, to annotate uploaded sets of SNPs or to display statistics about the frequencies of binding sites affected by selected SNPs. Homepage: http://ccg.vital-it.ch/snp2tfbs/."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899579",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 762,
"offsetInEndSection": 1057,
"text": "SNP2TFBS is also accessible over a web interface, enabling users to view the information provided for an individual SNP, to extract SNPs based on various search criteria, to annotate uploaded sets of SNPs or to display statistics about the frequencies of binding sites affected by selected SNPs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899579",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "SNP2TFBS is a computational resource intended to support researchers investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory variation in the human genome."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899579",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "SNP2TFBS - a database of regulatory SNPs affecting predicted transcription factor binding site affinity"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899579",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 762,
"offsetInEndSection": 1058,
"text": "SNP2TFBS is also accessible over a web interface, enabling users to view the information provided for an individual SNP, to extract SNPs based on various search criteria, to annotate uploaded sets of SNPs or to display statistics about the frequencies of binding sites affected by selected SNPs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899579",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 161,
"text": "SNP2TFBS is a computational resource intended to support researchers investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory variation in the human genome."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e49c2356d0a277941000010
|
factoid
|
Which R package has been developed for MS-based label-free phosphoproteomics?
|
['Phosphonormalizer']
|
['Phosphonormalizer is an R package for normalization of MS-based label-free phosphoproteomics.', 'Phosphonormalizer is a commonly used normalization approach in mass spectrometry-based label-free proteomics. It scales the peptide abundances to have the same median intensities, based on an assumption that the majority of abundances remain the same across the samples.', 'Global centering-based normalization is a commonly used normalization approach in mass spectrometry-based label-free proteomics. It scales the peptide abundances to have the same median intensities, based on an assumption that the majority of abundances remain the same across the samples. However, especially in phosphoproteomics, this assumption can introduce bias, as the samples are enriched during sample preparation which can mask the underlying biological changes. To address this possible bias, phosphopeptides quantified in both enriched and non-enriched samples can be used to calculate factors that mitigate the bias. Phosphonormalizer is an R package for normalizing enriched samples in label-free mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics.', 'Phosphonormalizer is an R package for MS-based label-free phosphoproteomics based on mass spectrometry-based normalization. It scales the peptide abundances to have the same median intensities, based on an assumption that the majority of abundances remain the same across the samples.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968644"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968644",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 91,
"text": "Phosphonormalizer: an R package for normalization of MS-based label-free phosphoproteomics."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968644",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 961,
"text": "Global centering-based normalization is a commonly used normalization approach in mass spectrometry-based label-free proteomics. It scales the peptide abundances to have the same median intensities, based on an assumption that the majority of abundances remain the same across the samples. However, especially in phosphoproteomics, this assumption can introduce bias, as the samples are enriched during sample preparation which can mask the underlying biological changes. To address this possible bias, phosphopeptides quantified in both enriched and non-enriched samples can be used to calculate factors that mitigate the bias.Results: We present an R package phosphonormalizer for normalizing enriched samples in label-free mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics.Availability and implementation: The phosphonormalizer package is freely available under GPL ( > =2) license from Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/phosphonormalizer)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968644",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 642,
"offsetInEndSection": 782,
"text": "Results\n\nWe present an R package phosphonormalizer for normalizing enriched samples in label-free mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968644",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 640,
"offsetInEndSection": 779,
"text": "Results We present an R package phosphonormalizer for normalizing enriched samples in label-free mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968644",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "Phosphonormalizer: an R package for normalization of MS-based label-free phosphoproteomics"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968644",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 642,
"offsetInEndSection": 782,
"text": "Results\nWe present an R package phosphonormalizer for normalizing enriched samples in label-free mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968644",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 484,
"offsetInEndSection": 1096,
"text": "To address this possible bias, phosphopeptides quantified in both enriched and non-enriched samples can be used to calculate factors that mitigate the bias.Results: We present an R package phosphonormalizer for normalizing enriched samples in label-free mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics.Availability and implementation: The phosphonormalizer package is freely available under GPL ( > =2) license from Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/phosphonormalizer).Contact: sohrab.saraei@utu.fi or laura.elo@utu.fi.Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968644",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 629,
"offsetInEndSection": 760,
"text": "We present an R package phosphonormalizer for normalizing enriched samples in label-free mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e52a4ec6d0a277941000044
|
factoid
|
The virus that causes FIP, Feline Infectious Peritonitis belongs to what family?
|
['Coronavirus']
|
['The virus that causes FIP, Feline Infectious Peritonitis belongs to the family coronavirus.', 'Feline coronavirus (fcov) is an etiological agent that causes a benign enteric illness and the fatal systemic disease feline infectious peritonitis (fip).', 'Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is an etiological agent that causes a benign enteric illness and the fatal systemic disease feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)', 'Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) belongs to the family of coronavirus.', 'Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common and highly lethal coronavirus disease of domestic cats.', 'Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common and highly lethal coronavirus disease of domestic cats', 'Feline Infectious Peritonitis virus (FIP) belongs to the coronavirus family of the genus Flavivirus which cause central nervous system disease.', 'Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a cat virus caused by a member of the coronavirus family coronaviruses.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22546085",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27712624",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31375588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29329682",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30065095",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23865689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23763835",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29778200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25701212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29478397",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26656689"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29778200",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common and highly lethal coronavirus disease of domestic cats"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29329682",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is an etiological agent that causes a benign enteric illness and the fatal systemic disease feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29478397",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 21,
"offsetInEndSection": 247,
"text": "Feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection is very common in cats, usually causing only mild intestinal signs such as diarrhoea. Up to 10% of FCoV infections, however, result in the fatal disease feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26656689",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 92,
"offsetInEndSection": 350,
"text": "Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) belongs to the genus Alphacoronavirus, resulting in a lethal systemic granulomatous disease called feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), which is one of the most important fatal infectious diseases of cats worldwide."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27712624",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 278,
"offsetInEndSection": 412,
"text": "The causative agent of this deadly disease, feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), arises from feline enteric coronavirus (FECV)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23865689",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25701212",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 172,
"text": "Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIP virus: FIPV), a feline coronavirus of the family Coronaviridae, causes a fatal disease called FIP in wild and domestic cat species."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31375588",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 136,
"text": "Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important infectious diseases in cats and is caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31375588",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1642,
"offsetInEndSection": 1824,
"text": "IMPORTANCE Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is one of the most significant coronaviruses, because this virus induces feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), which is a lethal disease in cats."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30065095",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 206,
"text": "Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), one of the most important lethal infections of cats, is caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), the high-virulence biotype of feline coronaviruses (FCoVs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22546085",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "The feline infectious peritonitis virus ( FIPV ) is a member of the feline coronavirus family that causes FIP , which is incurable and fatal in cats"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25701212",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 174,
"text": "Feline infectious peritonitis virus ( FIP virus: FIPV) , a feline coronavirus of the family Coronaviridae , causes a fatal disease called FIP in wild and domestic cat species"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26656689",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 91,
"offsetInEndSection": 350,
"text": "Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) belongs to the genus Alphacoronavirus, resulting in a lethal systemic granulomatous disease called feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), which is one of the most important fatal infectious diseases of cats worldwide."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27712624",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 278,
"offsetInEndSection": 413,
"text": "The causative agent of this deadly disease, feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), arises from feline enteric coronavirus (FECV)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23763835",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 130,
"text": "Feline coronaviruses (FCoV) exist as 2 biotypes: feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e3eba5548dab47f26000009
|
factoid
|
What is the main difference between nascent and mature chromatin?
|
['lack of H1']
|
['Nascent chromatin is created after transcription and is mostly lacking histone modifications and H1, which makes it more prone to digestion by DNaseI.', ' Like normal nascent chromatin, chromatin labeled for brief periods (0.5-1 min) in the presence of butyrate was more sensitive to digestion with DNase I and micrococcal nuclease than control bulk chromatin. 17, 4275 [1989]) it was shown that when replication occurs in the presence of sodium butyrate (thereby inhibiting histone deacetylation), nascent chromatin fails to mature fully and instead remains preferentially sensitive to DNaseI, more soluble in magnesium, and depleted of histone H1 (relative to mature chromatin).', 'The nascent and mature forms of chromatin differ in two aspects of their histone modifications: polycistronic messengers are expressed as a sequence of individual nucleosomes only in mature chromatin, and the nucleosome is involved in both transcription and repair processes.', ' The second class of nascent DNA is distinguished from the nucleosomal component by its insolubility, lack of discernible nucleosomal organization, and dependence on protein synthesis to attain typical subunit structure Like normal nascent chromatin, chromatin labeled for brief periods (0.5-1 min) in the presence of butyrate was more sensitive to digestion with DNase I and micrococcal nuclease than control bulk chromatin. 17, 4275 [1989]) it was shown that when replication occurs in the presence of sodium butyrate (thereby inhibiting histone deacetylation), nascent chromatin fails to mature fully and instead remains preferentially sensitive to DNaseI, more soluble in magnesium, and depleted of histone H1 (relative to mature chromatin). Incubation of mature chromatin in butyrate for 1 h did not induce DNase I sensitivity: therefore, the presence of sodium butyrate was required during replication to preserve the increased digestibility of nascent chromatin DNA In a previous study (Perry and Annunziato, Nucleic Acids Res. Within 10 min of DNA synthesis, the spacing of mature chromatin is established; the spacing maturation can occur in the absence of protein synthesis. this class of nascent chromatin exhibits a shortened repeat length of approximately 165 bp, as opposed to the 288-bp repeat of bulk chromatin.', 'Mature and nascent chromatin differ in two aspects of their histone modifications: polycistronic messengers are expressed as a sequence of individual nucleosomes only in mature cells, and they are preferentially expressed in the later stages of cell development.', 'In a previous study (Perry and Annunziato, Nucleic Acids Res. 17, 4275 [1989]) it was shown that when replication occurs in the presence of sodium butyrate (thereby inhibiting histone deacetylation), nascent chromatin fails to mature fully and instead remains preferentially sensitive to DNaseI, more soluble in magnesium, and depleted of histone H1 (relative to mature chromatin).']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6226660",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7171565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1893943"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7171565",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "Maturation of nucleosomal and nonnucleosomal components of nascent chromatin: differential requirements for concurrent protein synthesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7171565",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 433,
"offsetInEndSection": 944,
"text": "this class of nascent chromatin exhibits a shortened repeat length of approximately 165 bp, as opposed to the 288-bp repeat of bulk chromatin. Within 10 min of DNA synthesis, the spacing of mature chromatin is established; the spacing maturation can occur in the absence of protein synthesis. The second class of nascent DNA is distinguished from the nucleosomal component by its insolubility, lack of discernible nucleosomal organization, and dependence on protein synthesis to attain typical subunit structure"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6226660",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 319,
"offsetInEndSection": 525,
"text": " Like normal nascent chromatin, chromatin labeled for brief periods (0.5-1 min) in the presence of butyrate was more sensitive to digestion with DNase I and micrococcal nuclease than control bulk chromatin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6226660",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 690,
"offsetInEndSection": 916,
"text": "Incubation of mature chromatin in butyrate for 1 h did not induce DNase I sensitivity: therefore, the presence of sodium butyrate was required during replication to preserve the increased digestibility of nascent chromatin DNA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1893943",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 170,
"offsetInEndSection": 551,
"text": "In a previous study (Perry and Annunziato, Nucleic Acids Res. 17, 4275 [1989]) it was shown that when replication occurs in the presence of sodium butyrate (thereby inhibiting histone deacetylation), nascent chromatin fails to mature fully and instead remains preferentially sensitive to DNaseI, more soluble in magnesium, and depleted of histone H1 (relative to mature chromatin)."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5d38577b7bc3fee31f000017
|
factoid
|
What is the effect of Satb1 knock-out in mice?
|
['apoptosis']
|
['inhibited cell viability and migration', 'While T cell growth in vitro, Satb1 knockdown was found to be effective in vivo by inhibiting T cell proliferation and activating apoptosis in a subset of T cells', 'knock-out of Satb1 significantly inhibited cell viability and migration, and promoted Schwann cells apoptosis.', 'SATB1 is essential for maintaining TCR responsiveness during the induction and effector phases and may provide a novel therapeutic target for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. knock-out of Satb1 significantly inhibited cell viability and migration, and promoted Schwann cells apoptosis.', 'Knock-out of Satb1 significantly inhibited cell viability and migration, and promoted Schwann cells apoptosis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30024617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15851481",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29388727"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15851481",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1479,
"offsetInEndSection": 1694,
"text": "ur studies indicate that both nuclear matrix association and DNA binding are required for optimal SATB1-mediated repression of the integrated MMTV promoter and may allow insulation from cellular regulatory elements."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29388727",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 190,
"offsetInEndSection": 404,
"text": " T cells from SATB1 conditional knockout (SATB1cKO) mice, in which the Satb1 gene is deleted from hematopoietic cells, impair phosphorylation of signaling molecules in response to T cell receptor (TCR) crosslinking"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29388727",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1602,
"offsetInEndSection": 1780,
"text": "SATB1 is essential for maintaining TCR responsiveness during the induction and effector phases and may provide a novel therapeutic target for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30024617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 766,
"offsetInEndSection": 876,
"text": "knock-out of Satb1 significantly inhibited cell viability and migration, and promoted Schwann cells apoptosis."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5d36b8a37bc3fee31f000009
|
factoid
|
What is the target of Inebilizumab?
|
['CD19']
|
['Inebilizumab is an anti-CD19 antibody with enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against B cells, is currently being evaluated in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30915717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29512131",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29143550",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29956883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28910968",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27886126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29447988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31495497"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29447988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 443,
"offsetInEndSection": 627,
"text": "CONTENT: Although CD19-targeted agents (blinatumomab or inebilizumab) are not associated with an increased risk of infection, they may cause IgG hypogammaglobulinaemia and neutropenia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29512131",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 667,
"offsetInEndSection": 928,
"text": "In this respect, several B cell-targeted therapies emerged, including anti-CD20 antibodies (rituximab, ocrelizumab, and ofatumumab), anti-CD19 antibody (inebilizumab), and agents targeting the BAFF/APRIL signaling pathway (atacicept, belimumab, and LY2127399). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29956883",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1064,
"offsetInEndSection": 1346,
"text": "Patients with a high PC signature at baseline showed greater improvement in the MRSS (mean ± SD change 35 ± 16%; P = 6.30 × 10-4 ) following anti-CD19 treatment with inebilizumab (MEDI-551) than did patients with a low PC signature at baseline (mean ± SD change 8 ± 12%; P = 0.104)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28910968",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 783,
"offsetInEndSection": 1093,
"text": "In NMO, though there have yet to be any approved monoclonal antibodies, rituximab, anti-complement C5 (eculizumab), anti-IL-6 receptor (tocilizumab), anti-CD19 (inebilizumab) and non-pathogenic anti-aquaporin 4 (aquaporumab) have been suggested to be effective, and some of these are now under clinical trials."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29143550",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "Safety and tolerability of inebilizumab (MEDI-551), an anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody, in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis: Results from a phase 1 randomised, placebo-controlled, escalating intravenous and subcutaneous dose study."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29143550",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 87,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Inebilizumab (formerly MEDI-551) binds to and depletes CD19+ B cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27886126",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "Inebilizumab, a B Cell-Depleting Anti-CD19 Antibody for the Treatment of Autoimmune Neurological Diseases: Insights from Preclinical Studies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27886126",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 442,
"offsetInEndSection": 626,
"text": "Inebilizumab (MEDI-551), an anti-CD19 antibody with enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against B cells, is currently being evaluated in MS and neuromyelitis optica."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31495497",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 192,
"offsetInEndSection": 349,
"text": "We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of inebilizumab, an anti-CD19, B cell-depleting antibody, in reducing the risk of attacks and disability in NMOSD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29143550",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 86,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Inebilizumab (formerly MEDI-551) binds to and depletes CD19 + B cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30915717",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 174,
"text": "A multicenter phase I study of inebilizumab, a humanized anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody, in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29447988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 449,
"offsetInEndSection": 633,
"text": "CONTENT\n\nAlthough CD19-targeted agents (blinatumomab or inebilizumab) are not associated with an increased risk of infection, they may cause IgG hypogammaglobulinaemia and neutropenia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29512131",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 667,
"offsetInEndSection": 927,
"text": "In this respect, several B cell-targeted therapies emerged, including anti-CD20 antibodies (rituximab, ocrelizumab, and ofatumumab), anti-CD19 antibody (inebilizumab), and agents targeting the BAFF/APRIL signaling pathway (atacicept, belimumab, and LY2127399)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29512131",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 679,
"offsetInEndSection": 952,
"text": "In this respect , several B cell-targeted therapies emerged , including anti-CD20 antibodies ( rituximab , ocrelizumab , and ofatumumab) , anti-CD19 antibody ( inebilizumab) , and agents targeting the BAFF/APRIL signaling pathway ( atacicept , belimumab , and LY2127399) . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28910968",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 803,
"offsetInEndSection": 1127,
"text": "In NMO , though there have yet to be any approved monoclonal antibodies , rituximab , anti-complement C5 ( eculizumab) , anti-IL-6 receptor ( tocilizumab) , anti-CD19 ( inebilizumab ) and non-pathogenic anti-aquaporin 4 ( aquaporumab ) have been suggested to be effective , and some of these are now under clinical trials . "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29143550",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 254,
"text": "Safety and tolerability of inebilizumab ( MEDI-551) , an anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody , in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis: Results from a phase 1 randomised , placebo-controlled , escalating intravenous and subcutaneous dose study ."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30915717",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 177,
"text": "A multicenter phase I study of inebilizumab , a humanized anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody , in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma ."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31495497",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 186,
"offsetInEndSection": 347,
"text": "We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of inebilizumab , an anti-CD19 , B cell-depleting antibody , in reducing the risk of attacks and disability in NMOSD ."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31495497",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 191,
"offsetInEndSection": 349,
"text": "We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of inebilizumab, an anti-CD19, B cell-depleting antibody, in reducing the risk of attacks and disability in NMOSD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29143550",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 86,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Inebilizumab (formerly MEDI-551) binds to and depletes CD19+ B cells."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e47681b35b8f0833c000006
|
factoid
|
Which programming language has been used for implementing GWAR?
|
['Stata']
|
['Stata']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28108451"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28108451",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 1597,
"text": "In the context of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), there is a variety of statistical techniques in order to conduct the analysis, but, in most cases, the underlying genetic model is usually unknown. Under these circumstances, the classical Cochran-Armitage trend test (CATT) is suboptimal. Robust procedures that maximize the power and preserve the nominal type I error rate are preferable. Moreover, performing a meta-analysis using robust procedures is of great interest and has never been addressed in the past. The primary goal of this work is to implement several robust methods for analysis and meta-analysis in the statistical package Stata and subsequently to make the software available to the scientific community.Results: The CATT under a recessive, additive and dominant model of inheritance as well as robust methods based on the Maximum Efficiency Robust Test statistic, the MAX statistic and the MIN2 were implemented in Stata. Concerning MAX and MIN2, we calculated their asymptotic null distributions relying on numerical integration resulting in a great gain in computational time without losing accuracy. All the aforementioned approaches were employed in a fixed or a random effects meta-analysis setting using summary data with weights equal to the reciprocal of the combined cases and controls. Overall, this is the first complete effort to implement procedures for analysis and meta-analysis in GWAS using Stata.Availability and Implementation: A Stata program and a web-server are freely available for academic users at http://www.compgen.org/tools/GWAR."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28108451",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1458,
"offsetInEndSection": 1601,
"text": "Availability and Implementation\n\nA Stata program and a web-server are freely available for academic users at http://www.compgen.org/tools/GWAR."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e50123e6d0a277941000036
|
factoid
|
How large is a lncRNAs?
|
['>200 nucleotides']
|
['lncRNAs are defined as RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not transcribed into proteins']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27098144",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308238",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27933111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510368"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510368",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 158,
"offsetInEndSection": 264,
"text": " lncRNAs are defined as RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not transcribed into proteins"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27098144",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 680,
"offsetInEndSection": 765,
"text": "lncRNAs are the nonprotein coding RNAs that have a size longer than 200 nucleotides. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27933111",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": " Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are more than 200 nucleotides in length and lack transcriptional ability."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308238",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 406,
"offsetInEndSection": 452,
"text": " long noncoding RNA (lncRNA, >200 nucleotides)"
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e6e8f92c6a8763d23000004
|
factoid
|
What is Telangiectasia?
|
['prominent small vessels']
|
['Telangiectasia (macroscopically visible dilated skin vessels)', 'Telangiectasias are small focal red macules and papules created by abnormally prominent capillaries, venules, and arterioles', 'Telangiectasias are prominent small vessels (venules, capillaries or arterioles) that are visible as small red-purple focal lesions in the skin and mucous membranes.', 'Telangiectasias are small focal red macules and papules created by abnormally prominent capillaries, venules, and arterioles Telangiectasia (macroscopically visible dilated skin vessels)']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22810475",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28803159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22170760",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11316039"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28803159",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Telangiectasias are prominent small vessels (venules, capillaries or arterioles) that are visible as small red-purple focal lesions in the skin and mucous membranes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22170760",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 277,
"offsetInEndSection": 402,
"text": "Telangiectasias are small focal red macules and papules created by abnormally prominent capillaries, venules, and arterioles "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11316039",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 260,
"offsetInEndSection": 321,
"text": "Telangiectasia (macroscopically visible dilated skin vessels)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22810475",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 240,
"offsetInEndSection": 387,
"text": "Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a dominant disorder characterized by epistaxis, visceral arteriovenous malformations, and telangiectasias."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11316039",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 260,
"offsetInEndSection": 448,
"text": "Telangiectasia (macroscopically visible dilated skin vessels) occurring primarily on the hands and face, are a prominent feature in scleroderma and are present in the majority of patients."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e3c686fb5b409ea53000020
|
factoid
|
In which chromosome are transgenes inserted in the case of the LiPS-A3S line?
|
['Chromosome 15']
|
['Transgenesis of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can enable and empower a variety of studies in stem cell research, including lineage tracing and functional genetics studies. While in recent years much progress has been made in the development of tools for gene targeting, little attention has been given to the identification of sites in the human genome where transgenes can be inserted and reliably expressed. One cell line/clone, LiPS-A3, has an integration site in chromosome 15 maintaining robust expression without silencing. Different transgenes can be inserted therein rapidly and efficiently through recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). The LiPS-A3 line can greatly facilitate the insertion of reporter and other genes in hPSCs. Targeting transgenes in the LiPS-A3S genomic locus can find broad applications in stem cell research and possibly cell and gene therapy.', 'The LiPS-A3S line of human pluripotent stem cells is inserted via transgenesis from chromosome 15.', 'The LiPS-A3S line of human pluripotent stem cells is inserted into chromosome 15.', 'Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can enable and empower a variety of studies in stem cell research, including lineage tracing and functional genetics studies. In recent years much progress has been made in the development of tools for gene targeting, little attention has been given to the identification of sites in the human genome where transgenes can be inserted and reliably expressed. The LiPS-A3S line of chromosome 15 is one of the few genes with an integration site in chromosome 15.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898090"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "LiPS-A3S, a human genomic site for robust expression of inserted transgenes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1265,
"text": "Transgenesis of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can enable and empower a variety of studies in stem cell research, including lineage tracing and functional genetics studies. While in recent years much progress has been made in the development of tools for gene targeting, little attention has been given to the identification of sites in the human genome where transgenes can be inserted and reliably expressed. In order to find human genomic sites capable of supporting long-term and high-level transgene expression in hPSCs, we performed a lentiviral screen in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We isolated 40 iPSC clones each harboring a single vector copy and characterized the level of transgene expression afforded by each unique integration site. We selected one clone, LiPS-A3 with an integration site in chromosome 15 maintaining robust expression without silencing and demonstrate that different transgenes can be inserted therein rapidly and efficiently through recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). The LiPS-A3 line can greatly facilitate the insertion of reporter and other genes in hPSCs. Targeting transgenes in the LiPS-A3S genomic locus can find broad applications in stem cell research and possibly cell and gene therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 771,
"offsetInEndSection": 1036,
"text": "We selected one clone, LiPS-A3 with an integration site in chromosome 15 maintaining robust expression without silencing and demonstrate that different transgenes can be inserted therein rapidly and efficiently through recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 779,
"offsetInEndSection": 1044,
"text": "We selected one clone , LiPS-A3 with an integration site in chromosome 15 maintaining robust expression without silencing and demonstrate that different transgenes can be inserted therein rapidly and efficiently through recombinase-mediated cassette exchange ( RMCE"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 771,
"offsetInEndSection": 1037,
"text": "We selected one clone, LiPS-A3 with an integration site in chromosome 15 maintaining robust expression without silencing and demonstrate that different transgenes can be inserted therein rapidly and efficiently through recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE)."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e5286036d0a277941000040
|
factoid
|
What is the function of the protein encoded by the gene NKCC2?
|
['This protein functions as an Na-K-Cl cotransporter.']
|
['The protein function as an Na-K-Cl cotransporter.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29357410",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29407172",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29412704",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30113482"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29407172",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1002,
"offsetInEndSection": 1040,
"text": "2 chloride co-transporter (NKCC2) gene"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29412704",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 692,
"offsetInEndSection": 732,
"text": "Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) function "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29357410",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 669,
"offsetInEndSection": 700,
"text": "Na-K-Cl cotransporter 2 (NKCC2)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30113482",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 273,
"offsetInEndSection": 288,
"text": "SLC12A1 (NKCC2)"
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e80489b835f4e4777000022
|
factoid
|
How is ZP-PTH delivered to patients?
|
['transdermal drug-coated microneedle patch system']
|
['ZP-PTH uses a transdermal drug-coated microneedle patch system.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567999"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567999",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "To evaluate the clinical PK/PD of PTH(1-34) delivered by a novel transdermal drug-coated microneedle patch system (ZP-PTH) for the treatment of osteoporosis."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e7f64d6835f4e477700001f
|
factoid
|
Which disease is ZP-PTH used for?
|
['Osteoporosis']
|
['ZP-PTH is used for the treatment of osteoporosis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567999"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567999",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "Parathyroid hormone (1-34)-coated microneedle patch system: clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for treatment of osteoporosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567999",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "To evaluate the clinical PK/PD of PTH(1-34) delivered by a novel transdermal drug-coated microneedle patch system (ZP-PTH) for the treatment of osteoporosis."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e7f6971835f4e4777000020
|
factoid
|
Which gene is mutated in the classic Bartter's syndrome?
|
["Classic Bartter's syndrome has been demonstrated to result from defective chloride transport across the basolateral membrane in the distal nephron due to mutations in the chloride channel gene CLCNKB."]
|
["Classic Bartter's syndrome has been demonstrated to result from defective chloride transport across the basolateral membrane in the distal nephron due to mutations in the chloride channel gene CLCNKB."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056980",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28555925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19050915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9587066"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28555925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 308,
"text": "The highly variable phenotypes observed in patients with classic Bartter's syndrome (BS) remain unsatisfactorily explained. The wide spectrum of functional severity of CLCNKB mutations may contribute to the phenotypic variability, and the genotype-phenotype association has not been established. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19050915",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Progressive renal failure in patients with classic Bartter's syndrome (cBS) due to inactivating mutations in CLCNKB gene is extraordinarily rare"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056980",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 413,
"offsetInEndSection": 462,
"text": "classic Bartter's syndrome by mutations of ClC-Kb"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9587066",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1393,
"offsetInEndSection": 1593,
"text": "Classic Bartter's syndrome has been demonstrated to result from defective chloride transport across the basolateral membrane in the distal nephron due to mutations in the chloride channel gene CLCNKB."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e805e62835f4e4777000023
|
factoid
|
What is the purpose of the Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds (UC2) search tool?
|
['Metabolite annotation by database searching in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics']
|
['The Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds (UC2) search tool uses unique connectivity of uncharged compounds for metabolite annotation by database searching in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.', 'The Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds (UC2) search tool uses unique connectivity of uncharged compounds for metabolite annotation by database searching in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. The UC2 search tool is available at http://unc.bioqrator.org/UC2/.', 'The Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds (UC2) search tool is used for metabolite annotation by database searching in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.', 'For metabolite annotation in metabolomics, variations in the registered states of compounds (charged molecules and multiple components, such as salts) and their redundancy among compound databases could be the cause of misannotations and hamper immediate recognition of the uniqueness of metabolites while searching by mass values measured using mass spectrometry. The search system named UC2 (Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds) has been developed where compounds are tentatively neutralized into uncharged states and stored on the basis of their unique connectivity of atoms after removing their stereochemical information using the first block in the hash of the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier, by which false-positive hits are remarkably reduced, both charged and uncharged compounds are properly searched in a single query and records having a unique connectivity are compiled in a single search result.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29040459"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29040459",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "UC2 search: using unique connectivity of uncharged compounds for metabolite annotation by database searching in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29040459",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 1095,
"text": "For metabolite annotation in metabolomics, variations in the registered states of compounds (charged molecules and multiple components, such as salts) and their redundancy among compound databases could be the cause of misannotations and hamper immediate recognition of the uniqueness of metabolites while searching by mass values measured using mass spectrometry. We developed a search system named UC2 (Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds), where compounds are tentatively neutralized into uncharged states and stored on the basis of their unique connectivity of atoms after removing their stereochemical information using the first block in the hash of the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier, by which false-positive hits are remarkably reduced, both charged and uncharged compounds are properly searched in a single query and records having a unique connectivity are compiled in a single search result.Availability and implementation: The UC2 search tool is available free of charge as a REST web service (http://webs2.kazusa.or.jp/mfsearcher) and a Java-based GUI tool."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29040459",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "UC2 search: using unique connectivity of uncharged compounds for metabolite annotation by database searching in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29040459",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 374,
"offsetInEndSection": 1210,
"text": "We developed a search system named UC2 (Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds), where compounds are tentatively neutralized into uncharged states and stored on the basis of their unique connectivity of atoms after removing their stereochemical information using the first block in the hash of the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier, by which false-positive hits are remarkably reduced, both charged and uncharged compounds are properly searched in a single query and records having a unique connectivity are compiled in a single search result.Availability and implementation: The UC2 search tool is available free of charge as a REST web service (http://webs2.kazusa.or.jp/mfsearcher) and a Java-based GUI tool.Contact: sakurai@kazusa.or.jp.Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e52a3416d0a277941000043
|
factoid
|
Name a selective NK3R agonist.
|
['senktide']
|
['Senktide is a highly potent and selective NK3R agonist.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29902942"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29902942",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 948,
"offsetInEndSection": 1153,
"text": "Administration of senktide, highly potent and selective NK3R agonist, resulted in increase of serum LH concentration, induction of VMS, increase in heart rate, and skin temperature in postmenopausal women."
}
] | 11
|
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e5438c3b761aafe09000003
|
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