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factoid | Which type of sarcoma has been associated with members of the oral microbiome? | ["Kaposi's sarcoma"] | ["Alterations in the oral microbiota in the immunosuppressed population may be associated with diseases such as Kaposi's sarcoma."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26146997"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26146997",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 93,
"offsetInEndSection": 495,
"text": "Alterations in the oral microbiota may be associated with disorders such as gingivitis, periodontitis, childhood ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5be48987133db5eb7800001c |
factoid | Which complex is bound by estrogen-related receptor β (Esrrb)? | ['The Esrrb-Sox2 complex'] | ['Co-motif discovery identifies an Esrrb-Sox2-DNA ternary complex as a mediator of transcriptional differences between mouse embryonic and epiblast stem cells.', 'Knockdown of Mp1 redirected FGF4 signaling from differentiation toward pluripotency and up-regulated the pluripotency-related genes Esrrb, Rex1, Tcl1, and So... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23508100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23169531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22143885",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24929238"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22143885",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 846,
"offsetInEndSection": 1006,
"text": "Knockdown of Mp1 redirected FGF4 signaling from differentiation toward pluripotency and up-regulated the plurip... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c307474133db5eb78000033 |
factoid | Which approach was used to diagnose a patient with Cutis Verticis Gyrata-Intellectual Disability (CVG-ID) syndrome? | ['Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'MRI'] | ['Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28019079"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28019079",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 810,
"text": "Cutis Verticis Gyrata-Intellectual Disability (CVG-ID) syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c632542e842deac6700000d |
factoid | Cemiplimab is used for treatment of which cancer? | ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma'] | ['Cemiplimab is a PD-1 inhibitor that is approved for treatment of metastatic or locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30456447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30377167",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29863979",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29934319"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29863979",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "PD-1 Blockade with Cemiplimab in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous-Cell Carcinoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c58b99586df2b9174000012 |
factoid | Which cancer has the kynureninase pathway been associated to? | ['Glioma'] | ['The kynurenine pathway has been associated with human glioma pathophysiology.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25415278"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25415278",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 70,
"text": "Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in human glioma pathophysiology."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"doc... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5be494a0133db5eb7800001f |
factoid | What is a GPI anchor? | ['Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are lipid anchors allowing the exposure of proteins at the outer layer of the plasma membrane.'] | ['Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins is a conserved posttranslational modification in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). \tGlycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are lipid anchors allowing the exposure of proteins at the outer layer of the plasma membrane.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29027702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29393895",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255114",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30094187"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 138,
"text": "Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins is a conserved posttranslational modification in the endo... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5f0fb41a4c55d80b000013 |
factoid | In which way does DNA hydroxymethylation affect patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? | ['gene activation'] | ['DNA hydroxymethylation contributes to the aberrant regulation of genes transcription in the pathogenesis of SLE. A combined analysis of differential DNA hydroxymethylation profile and gene expression profile in SLE CD4(+) T cells, shows 131 genes with increased 5-hmC in promoter regions and up-regulated expression i... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26984631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29425851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29113828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23340289",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28752494"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29113828",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 321,
"offsetInEndSection": 548,
"text": "Our results showed that BDH2 expression was decreased, intracellular iron was increased, global DNA hydroxymethy... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c34ac49da8336e21a000006 |
factoid | What is the function of PAPOLA/PAP? | ["PolyA polymerase (PAP) adds a polyA tail onto the 3'-end of RNAs without a nucleic acid template, using adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) as a substrate."] | ["Poly(A)polymerase-alpha (PAPOLA) has been the most extensively investigated mammalian polyadenylating enzyme, mainly in regard to its multifaceted post-translational regulation. PolyA polymerase (PAP) adds a polyA tail onto the 3'-end of RNAs without a nucleic acid template, using adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) as a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21300291",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20174964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15909992"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20174964",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 178,
"text": "Poly(A)polymerase-alpha (PAPOLA) has been the most extensively investigated mammalian polyadenylating enzyme, main... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5f10791a4c55d80b000014 |
factoid | What is the mechanism of action of Brigatinib? | ['anaplastic lymphoma kinase'] | ['Brigatinib targets anaplastic lymphoma kinase. It is used for treatment of lung cancer (NSCLC).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29256901",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29174221",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28475456",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29119148",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30394941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27780853",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30191596",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "Molecular inhibitory mechanism study on the potent inhibitor brigatinib against four crizotinib-resistant ALK mutations.... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c588efb86df2b9174000004 |
factoid | Which database associates human noncoding SNPs with their three-dimensional interacting genes? | ['3DSNP'] | ['3DSNP is a database for linking human noncoding SNPs to their three-dimensional interacting genes. It a valuable resource for the annotation of human noncoding genome sequence and investigating the impact of noncoding variants on clinical phenotypes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27789693"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27789693",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "3DSNP: a database for linking human noncoding SNPs to their three-dimensional interacting genes."
},
{
"beginSect... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c532ad97e3cb0e23100001a |
factoid | In which phase of clinical trials was sutezolid in 2018? | ['phase II'] | ['By 2018 sutezolid had been evaluated in phase II clinical trials.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25431273"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25431273",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 283,
"offsetInEndSection": 596,
"text": "After decades of quiescence in the development of antituberculosis medications, bedaquiline and delamanid have b... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c011057133db5eb78000025 |
factoid | What is gingipain? | ['A keystone periodontal pathogen. '] | ['Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone periodontal pathogen that has been associated with autoimmune disorders. The cell surface proteases Lys-gingipain (Kgp) and Arg-gingipains (RgpA and RgpB) are major virulence factors, and their proteolytic activity is enhanced by small peptides such as glycylglycine (GlyGly).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29984580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28726036",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28107612"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28726036",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 180,
"offsetInEndSection": 250,
"text": "y gingipains, a major proteinases produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5f2c0c1a4c55d80b000021 |
factoid | For which disease is sutezolid developed? | ['Tuberculosis'] | ['Sutezolid is being developed as a treatment against tuberculosis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27280980"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27280980",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 534,
"offsetInEndSection": 957,
"text": "Various molecules, such as derivatives of fluoroquinolones (e.g. gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and DC-159a), rifamy... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c0112dd133db5eb78000026 |
factoid | What does gepotidacin do to bacteria? | ['Inhibits bacterial DNA replication'] | ['Gepotidacin inhibits bacterial DNA replication.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28483959"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28483959",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "Gepotidacin is a first-in-class, novel triazaacenaphthylene antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA replication and... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c011448133db5eb78000027 |
factoid | What is the role of fucokinase? | ['The convertion of L-fucose to fucose-1-phosphate.'] | ['FUK encodes fucokinase, the only enzyme capable of converting L-fucose to fucose-1-phosphate, which will ultimately be used for synthesizing GDP-fucose, the donor substrate for all fucosyltransferases.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12056818",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30503518"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30503518",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 202,
"text": "FUK encodes fucokinase, the only enzyme capable of converting L-fucose to fucose-1-phosphate, which will ultimatel... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5f3a1f1a4c55d80b000028 |
factoid | What brain procedure can be done using the NeuroBlate system? | ['Laser interstitial thermal therapy'] | ['NeuroBlate System is used for Laser interstitial thermal therapy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28188403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27838155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23560574",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24471476",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28348940",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29328005",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29328005",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 435,
"offsetInEndSection": 604,
"text": " At 3 years of age, he underwent stereotactic laser ablation with an aim of disconnection of the lesion. The pro... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c588d0986df2b9174000003 |
factoid | Which ultraconserved element is associated with Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC) self-renewal? | ['T-UCstem1'] | ['Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) show the peculiar feature to retain extended perfect sequence identity among human, mouse, and rat genomes. Most of them are transcribed and represent a new family of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), the transcribed UCEs (T-UCEs). Despite their involvement in human cancer, the physiologi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29456181"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29456181",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "An Ultraconserved Element Containing lncRNA Preserves Transcriptional Dynamics and Maintains ESC Self-Renewal."
},
{... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c580aff07647bbc4b00001a |
factoid | Which algorithm has been developed for trio-based benchmarking of variant calls? | ['geck'] | ['Geck is a tool for trio-based comparative benchmarking tool of variant calls. It is a statistical mixture model for comparing two variant calling pipelines from genotype data they produce after running on individual members of a trio.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29850774"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29850774",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 59,
"text": "geck: trio-based comparative benchmarking of variant calls."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "ht... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c581e1507647bbc4b00001c |
factoid | Which molecule is targeted by Caplacizumab? | ['von Willebrand factor'] | ['Caplacizumab is anti-von Willebrand factor (VWF) antibody that blocks the interaction between VWF and platelets. It is used for treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23307200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29209322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29807376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28139813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28445600",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30298461",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30046703",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 527,
"offsetInEndSection": 766,
"text": "Caplacizumab, a nanobody that blocks the interaction between VWF and platelets, has shown promising results in d... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c55d9b707647bbc4b000009 |
factoid | Which is the main component of the Lewy body? | ['Lewy bodies comprise of aggregated intracellular vesicles and proteins and α-synuclein is reported to be a major protein component.'] | ['Lewy bodies comprise of aggregated intracellular vesicles and proteins and α-synuclein is reported to be a major protein component.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28784297",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28780180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26667592"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28780180",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 209,
"offsetInEndSection": 319,
"text": "neuronal inclusions composed of α-synuclein (Lewy bodies) is considered the typical pathologic correlate of PD"
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ad4d758133db5eb78000007 |
factoid | How many pseudogenes are contained in the C. elegans genome? | ['3600'] | ['Evidence suggests that a fifth of annotated Caenorhabditis elegans genes may be pseudogenes. At least 4% of the annotated C. elegans genes can be recognized as pseudogenes simply from closer inspection of the sequence data. Thus out of 18000 transcripts, around 3500 are expected to be pseudogenes.', 'Evidence sugges... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11997343",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24463456",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15916954"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11997343",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Evidence suggesting that a fifth of annotated Caenorhabditis elegans genes may be pseudogenes"
},
{
"beginSection... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c2cf051133db5eb78000030 |
factoid | What is a Aquaporin channel? | ['Aquaporins are membrane channels expressed in almost every organism and involved in the bidirectional transfer of water and small solutes across cell membranes.'] | ['Aquaporins are membrane channels expressed in almost every organism and involved in the bidirectional transfer of water and small solutes across cell membranes. Aquaporins have important biological roles and have been implicated in several pathophysiological conditions suggesting a great translational potential in aq... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26870725"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26870725",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 202,
"offsetInEndSection": 564,
"text": "Aquaporins are membrane channels expressed in almost every organism and involved in the bidirectional transfer o... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5f08ad1a4c55d80b00000b |
factoid | What is cluster of differentiation? | ['Cluster of Differentiation (CD) are cellular antigens used to identify cell populations, such as T-lymphocyte populations and macrophages.'] | ['Cluster of Differentiation (CD) are cellular antigens used to identify cell populations, such as T-lymphocyte populations and macrophages.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29208350",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29243545",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11381193"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29208350",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 510,
"offsetInEndSection": 615,
"text": "The characterisation of the MSCs was determined by their cluster of differentiation (CD) marker profile. "
},
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5f0d071a4c55d80b000010 |
factoid | Which tool has been developed for tagging biomedical concepts via interactive learning? | ['ezTag'] | ['ezTag is a web-based annotation tool that supports annotating a wide variety of biological concepts with or without pre-existing training data. It allows curators to perform annotation and provide training data with humans in the loop. ezTag supports both abstracts in PubMed and full-text articles in PubMed Central. ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29788413"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29788413",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "ezTag: tagging biomedical concepts via interactive learning."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "h... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c56b96e07647bbc4b000010 |
factoid | Which cells produce Interleukin 17A? | ['T helper type 17 (TH17) cells.'] | ['Interleukin (IL)-17A is secreted from T helper type 17 (TH17) cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28930285",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28941323",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28935156"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28935156",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 207,
"offsetInEndSection": 306,
"text": "Several studies have shown an increased expression/release of Th17 related cytokine, IL-17A in ASD."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5f30c91a4c55d80b000025 |
factoid | What is the genetic cause of Roberts syndrome? | ['Roberts syndrome (RBS) is a human developmental disorder caused by mutations in the cohesin acetyltransferase ESCO2.'] | ['Roberts syndrome (RBS) is a human developmental disorder caused by mutations in the cohesin acetyltransferase ESCO2.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729373",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29084713",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26710928",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28934466",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28422453"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28934466",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 163,
"offsetInEndSection": 318,
"text": " Mutations in Esco2 cause Roberts syndrome, a developmental disease characterized by severe prenatal retardation... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ad35d01133db5eb78000003 |
factoid | Which database has been developed that contains experimentally-confirmed carbonylated proteins? | ['CarbonylDB'] | ['Protein carbonylation, a chemically diverse oxidative post-translational modification, is widely considered as the biomarker for oxidative stress and protein damage. CarbonylDB has been developed as a manually curated data-resource of experimentally-confirmed carbonylated proteins/sites. The CarbonylDB currently cont... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29509874"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29509874",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 67,
"text": "CarbonylDB: a curated data-resource of protein carbonylation sites."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docume... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6be8f07c78d69471000032 |
factoid | Which molecule is targeted by Olaratumab? | ['platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α'] | ['Olaratumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that binds to platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα). It is used for treatment of soft tissue sarcoma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27291997",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28778132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29191969",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29497315",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24816152",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28620891",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 144,
"text": "Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Olaratumab, an Anti-PDGFRα Human Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Advanced a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c73ad367c78d69471000099 |
factoid | A herd immunity of what percentage of the population is required to prevent sporadic outbreaks? | ['95 %'] | ['A herd immunity of 95% of the population is required to prevent sporadic outbreaks.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303998"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303998",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 226,
"offsetInEndSection": 318,
"text": "herd immunity exceeding 95% is required to prevent sporadic viral outbreaks in a population."
},
{
"begi... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c7b1a5fd774d0424000000c |
factoid | As of September 2018, what machine learning algorithm is used to for cardiac arrhythmia detection from a short single-lead ECG recorded by a wearable device? | ['SVM OR Support Vector Machine'] | ['Support Vector machines( SVM) can be used for cardiac arrhythmia detection in from an ECG recorded by a wearable device.', 'SVM approach for cardiac arrhythmias detection in short single-lead ECG recorded by a wearable device'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30102239"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30102239",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 113,
"text": "SVM approach for cardiac arrhythmias detection in short single-lead ECG recorded by a wearable device"
},
{
"be... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5219f67e3cb0e231000006 |
factoid | Which microRNA is the mediator of the obesity phenotype of patients carrying 1p21.3 microdeletions? | ['MIR137'] | ['MIR137 is the mediator of the obesity phenotype of patients carrying 1p21.3 microdeletions.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22003227"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 461,
"offsetInEndSection": 552,
"text": "MIR137 is the mediator of the obesity phenotype of patients carrying 1p21.3 microdeletions."
},
{
"begin... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c630666e842deac6700000c |
factoid | Which transcription factor binding site is contained in Alu repeats? | ['The NF-κB-binding site'] | ['A novel abundant NF-κB-binding site resides in specialized Alu-repetitive elements having the potential for long range transcription regulation, thus suggesting that in addition to its known role, NF-κB has a primate-specific function and a role in human evolution.', 'Remarkably, we identified a novel abundant NF-κB-... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23771139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21896491"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21896491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 502,
"offsetInEndSection": 794,
"text": "Remarkably, we identified a novel abundant NF-κB-binding site residing in specialized Alu-repetitive elements ha... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c74111f7c78d694710000a1 |
factoid | What disease is treated with Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy (LHM)? | ['achalasia'] | ['To compare the outcome of per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) for the treatment of esophageal achalasia', 'Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) is the preferred surgical method for treating achalasia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29410262",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27338580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30341655",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28472017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26171430",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25783358",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28549006",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 10,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": " To compare the outcome of per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) for the treat... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c536b857e3cb0e23100001c |
factoid | What is evaluated with the SAD PERSONS scale? | ['suicide risk'] | ['SAD PERSONS scale was developed to evaluate suicide risk.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22795212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21546092",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29699523",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26346049",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24533537",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29665120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29699523",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 330,
"offsetInEndSection": 582,
"text": "METHOD: We compared the predictive accuracy of the Manchester Self-Harm Rule (MSHR), ReACT Self-Harm Rule (ReACT... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c73ad027c78d6947100008d |
factoid | Which human disease is experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model for? | ['Model of MS (Multiple Sclerosis)'] | ['Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of MS (Multiple Sclerosis).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27758698",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30385269",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27377536",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27996890"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27377536",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 307,
"offsetInEndSection": 377,
"text": "experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c783d32d774d04240000004 |
factoid | What is the cause if the rare disease cystinosis? | ['Mutations in the cystinosin lysosomal cystine transporter (CTNS) gene'] | ['Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from defective lysosomal transport of cystine due to mutations in the cystinosin lysosomal cystine transporter (CTNS) gene.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29416314",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29421779",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29467429"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29416314",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Cystinosis is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder leading to defective transport of cystine out of lysosomes."
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c76d0417c78d694710000a8 |
factoid | Which molecular does daratumumab target? | ['CD38'] | ['Daratumumab is an anti-CD38 antibody.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29500635"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29500635",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 875,
"offsetInEndSection": 1076,
"text": "The addition of daratumumab (anti-CD38 antibody) augmented NK-cell cytotoxicity against target cells expressing... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6545bae842deac6700001d |
factoid | What is etarfolatide used for? | ['companion imaging agent'] | ['Etarfolatide in the form of 99mTc-etarfolatide is used as a companion imaging agent'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26238440",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24667717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25457975",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27084348",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24742319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24127448"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26238440",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 26,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "99mTc-etarfolatide, an imaging agent for folate receptor in healthy Japanese adults"
},
{
"beginSection": "abst... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c7161f47c78d69471000066 |
factoid | What is the function of Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1? | ['PAI-1 is important in fibrinolysis.'] | ['Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an important physiological inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plays a critical role in fibrinolysis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29454747",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29967603",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29228113"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29454747",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 142,
"offsetInEndSection": 309,
"text": "Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an important physiological inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen act... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5f264b1a4c55d80b00001e |
factoid | Which tool has been developed for GPU-accelerated alignment of bisulfite-treated DNA sequences? | ['Arioc'] | ['The alignment of bisulfite-treated DNA sequences (BS-seq reads) to a large genome involves a significant computational burden beyond that required to align non-bisulfite-treated reads. In the analysis of BS-seq data, this can present an important performance bottleneck that can be mitigated by appropriate algorithmic... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29554207"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29554207",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 66,
"text": "Arioc: GPU-accelerated alignment of short bisulfite-treated reads."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"documen... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6aef167c78d69471000023 |
factoid | Which disease is gemtuzumab ozogamicin used for? | ['Acute myeloid leukemia'] | ['Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29172076"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29172076",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 375,
"text": "Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is an anti-CD33 antibody-drug conjugate for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AM... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c646fd3e842deac6700001a |
factoid | Which disease can be classified with the Awaji Criteria? | ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis'] | ['Awaji Criteria are used for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28444090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20659815",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20928911",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27212114",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25843898",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24575803",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29742797",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 626,
"offsetInEndSection": 876,
"text": "Adoption of the Awaji criteria significantly increased the yield of EMG-positive segments in the cervical (P < 0... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c61d278e842deac67000005 |
factoid | Where does gemtuzumab ozogamicin bind? | ['CD33'] | ['Gemtuzumab ozogamicin binds to CD33'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29476018"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29476018",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 267,
"offsetInEndSection": 357,
"text": "Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is a CD33-targeted antibody-drug conjugate joined to calicheamicin. "
}
] | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6473b2e842deac6700001b |
factoid | Where, in what US state, was there a measles outbreak in an Amish community | ['Ohio'] | ['The measles outbreak started an Amish community in Ohio'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28302434",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26103154",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27705270"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28302434",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 395,
"offsetInEndSection": 474,
"text": "Recent outbreaks in Amish communities include a 2014 measles outbreak in Ohio, "
},
{
"beginSection": "a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5312097e3cb0e231000011 |
factoid | What is the predicted function for TMEM132 family? | ['Cellular adhesion function'] | ['The TMEM132 family proteins are strongly predicted to have a cellular adhesion function, connecting the extracellular medium with the intracellular actin cytoskeleton.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29088312"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29088312",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "TMEM132: an ancient architecture of cohesin and immunoglobulin domains define a new family of neural adhesion molecules.... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c65abd17c78d69471000009 |
factoid | What type of topoisomerase inhibitor is gepotidacin? | ['type IIA'] | ['Gepotidacin is a type IIA topoisomerase inhibitor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27161642"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27161642",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 224,
"text": "Gepotidacin, a novel triazaacenaphthylene antibacterial agent, is the first in a new class of type IIA topoisomera... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c0115e0133db5eb78000029 |
factoid | What is the normal function p53? | ['tumor suppressor'] | ['Wild-type p53 can suppress tumour development by multiple pathways.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28749203",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28937686",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28984872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29242642"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28984872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 292,
"text": "The three p53 family members, p53, p63 and p73, are structurally similar and share many biochemical activities. Ye... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5f1f371a4c55d80b00001a |
factoid | What is the 3D tomography imaging technique for diagnosis of eye disease? | ['optical coherence tomography.'] | ['Currently, eye care professionals use optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans to help diagnose eye conditions.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25606299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29111842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28782513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20542136",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29396390",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25570836",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28782513",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 171,
"text": "To compare the effect of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) on retinal capillary filling in elderly vs adult rats... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5249077e3cb0e23100000b |
factoid | Which was the first mutant IDH2 inhibitor to be approved for patients with acute myeloid leukemia? | ['Enasidenib'] | ['Enasidenib was the first mutant IDH2 inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30360730"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30360730",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Enasidenib: First Mutant IDH2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Refractory and Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c65897a7c78d69471000006 |
factoid | What part of the body is affected by Meniere's disease? | ['inner ear'] | ["The inner ear is the body part that is associated with Meniere's disease."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29283101",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28304075",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28760332",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12486835",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21319945"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28304075",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 145,
"text": "Steroids have been widely used to treat inner-ear diseases such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5310c37e3cb0e231000010 |
factoid | Which disease is PGT121 used for? | ['HIV', 'AIDS'] | ['The broadly neutrilizing antibody PGT121 is being tested against HIV-1.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29321310"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29321310",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 308,
"offsetInEndSection": 570,
"text": "We investigated adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) and adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1) vectors to deliver the ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c65901c7c78d69471000008 |
factoid | What is the cause of Sandhoff disease? | ['Sandhoff disease (SD) is caused by a mutation of the β-subunit gene β-hexosaminidase B (HexB) in humans'] | ['Sandhoff disease (SD) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation of the β-subunit gene β-hexosaminidase B (HexB) in humans, which results in the massive accumulation of the ganglioside GM2 and related glycosphingolipids in the nervous system.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29847465",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29358305",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29900534",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30236619"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29847465",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 242,
"text": "Sandhoff disease (SD) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation of the β-subunit gene β-hexosaminidase B (HexB) i... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c78080e7c78d694710000ae |
factoid | Name one CCR4 targeted drug. | ['Mogamulizumab'] | ['Mogamulizumab is an anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414279"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414279",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 58,
"text": "Mogamulizumab (Anti-CCR4) in HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "htt... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c65468ce842deac6700001e |
factoid | Which algorithm has been developed for finding conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) in genomes? | ['CNEFinder'] | ['CNEFinder is a tool for identifying CNEs between two given DNA sequences with user-defined criteria.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30423090"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30423090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "CNEFinder: finding conserved non-coding elements in genomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "h... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c51f01e07ef653866000002 |
factoid | What causes Bathing suit Ichthyosis(BSI)? | ['transglutaminase-1 gene (TGM1) mutations'] | ['Bathing suit ichthyosis (BSI) is a rare variant of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) due to transglutaminase-1 gene (TGM1) mutations leading to a temperature sensitive phenotype.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22801880",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28403434",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25209454",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968736",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522418"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25209454",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 274,
"text": "Bathing suit ichthyosis (BSI) is an uncommon phenotype classified as a minor variant of autosomal recessive conge... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c531d8f7e3cb0e231000017 |
factoid | Which random forest method has been developed for detecting Copy Numbers Variants (CNVs)? | ['CNV-RF'] | ['CNV-RF Is a Random Forest-Based Copy Number Variation Detection Method Using Next-Generation Sequencing.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27597741"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27597741",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "CNV-RF Is a Random Forest-Based Copy Number Variation Detection Method Using Next-Generation Sequencing."
},
{
"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c51f9dd07ef653866000005 |
factoid | What is the indication for Truvada? | ['Prevention of HIV infection'] | ['Truvada is used for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in high risk individuals', 'pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and the recent approval by the FDA of the supplemental indication for Truvada as PrEP'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23226529",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24223514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21632769",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19731560",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29902179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28276922",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24223514",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 61,
"offsetInEndSection": 178,
"text": "pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and the recent approval by the FDA of the supplemental indication for Truvada as ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5f29a81a4c55d80b00001f |
factoid | Mutations in which gene have been found in patients with the CLAPO syndrome? | ['PIK3CA'] | ['CLAPO syndrome is a rare vascular disorder characterized by capillary malformation of the lower lip, lymphatic malformation predominant on the face and neck, asymmetry, and partial/generalized overgrowth. In a cohort of 13 patients with CLAPO, five activating mutations have been identified in the PIK3CA gene in affec... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29446767"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29446767",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "CLAPO syndrome: identification of somatic activating PIK3CA mutations and delineation of the natural history and phenoty... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5b4a941a4c55d80b000002 |
factoid | Burosumab is used for treatment of which disease? | ['X-linked hypophosphatemia'] | ['Burosumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed at fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), is indicated for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a condition associated with excessive FGF23 production.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29896030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29679282",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30459508",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30269120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30207609",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29791829",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29381780",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1356,
"offsetInEndSection": 1480,
"text": "In particular, a humanized monoclonal antibody for FGF23 (burosumab) is a promising treatment in patients with... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6b7fb27c78d6947100002d |
factoid | What is the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in Europeans? | ['Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in NFKB1'] | ['Loss-of-function nuclear factor κB subunit 1 (NFKB1) variants are the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency in Europeans.', 'Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in NFKB1 are the most common known monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), which results in a temporally pro... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29477724",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30063981"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29477724",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "Loss-of-function nuclear factor κB subunit 1 (NFKB1) variants are the most common monogenic cause of common variable imm... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c629937e842deac67000008 |
factoid | When is serum AFP used as marker? | ['in HCC', 'Hepato cellular carcinoma'] | ["Serum α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a widely used diagnostic biomarker, but it has limited sensitivity and is not elevated in all Hepato cellular carcinoma (HCC) cases so, we incorporate a second blood-based biomarker, des'γ carboxy-prothrombin (DCP), that has shown potential as a screening marker for HCC."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28796412",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29154784",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28361205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28582340",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28482112"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28361205",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1432,
"offsetInEndSection": 1523,
"text": "AFP serum were considered independent predictors for macrovascular invasion in HCC patients"
},
{
"beg... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c7839edd774d04240000003 |
factoid | RV3-BB vaccine is used for prevention of which viral infection? | ['rotavirus disease'] | ['The RV3-BB human neonatal rotavirus vaccine aims to provide protection from severe rotavirus disease from birth.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26318715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29688121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28059609",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30145099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23597719",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28481726"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29688121",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Serological responses to rotavirus NSP2 following administration of RV3-BB human neonatal rotavirus vaccine."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6e05f37c78d69471000049 |
factoid | What is anophthalmia? | ['absence of one or both eyes'] | ['Microphthalmia, anophthalmia are the malformations of the eye, referring to a congenital absence, and a reduced size of the eyeball.', 'Anophthalmia is the medical term for the absence of one or both eyes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29753094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17522144",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250054",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30515001",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20704474",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30262714",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29753094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "Microphthalmia, anophthalmia are the malformations of the eye, referring to a congenital absence, and a reduced si... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c674c287c78d6947100001a |
factoid | What is the most common pediatric glioma? | ['Pilocytic astrocytoma or high grade glioma'] | ['Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common pediatric glioma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29241176",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29568396",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29569086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28830841",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29204019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29548059",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28830841",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 178,
"text": "High-grade gliomas (HGG) are the most common malignant brain tumors in the pediatric population and account for a ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6bec987c78d69471000033 |
factoid | What is the function of the protein encoded by the gene STING? | ['activation of type I interferons'] | ['Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein that plays an important role in the activation of type I interferons in response to cytosolic nucleic acid ligands. Recent evidence indicates involvement of the STING pathway in the induction of antitumor immune response.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29346345",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28748479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29367762"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28748479",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 283,
"text": "Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein that plays an important role in the activation of typ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c7aae9dd774d0424000000a |
factoid | Which molecule is inhibited by larotrectinib? | ['tropomyosin receptor kinases'] | ['Larotrectinib is oral, potent, and selective inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK). It demonstrated unprecedented efficacy on unresectable or metastatic solid tumors with neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK)-fusion proteins in adult and pediatric patients.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30069765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29466156",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29568395",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29653952",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30204247",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28578312",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29466156",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 127,
"offsetInEndSection": 273,
"text": "We evaluated the efficacy and safety of larotrectinib, a highly selective TRK inhibitor, in adults and children ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6e0f537c78d6947100004a |
factoid | Sweat Chloride Testing is used for which disease? | ['cystic fibrosis'] | ['Sweat Chloride Testing is used to diagnose cystic fibrosis. CFTR dysfunction can be demonstrated using sweat chloride testing.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29580829",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28193033",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28194692",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28852705",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17405070",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23605131",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29436379",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1178,
"offsetInEndSection": 1380,
"text": "Screen-positive newborns and patients with high clinical suspicion for CF are always recommended to undergo co... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6e16eb7c78d6947100004e |
factoid | What is nyctinasty in plants? | ['movement of leguminous plants in response to darkness'] | ['Nyctinasty is the circadian rhythmic nastic movement of leguminous plants in response to the onset of darkness; a unique and intriguing phenomenon that has attracted attention for centuries.', 'Leguminous plants open their leaves during the daytime and close them at night as if sleeping, a type of movement that follo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17304541",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14527150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29983317",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29998471",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20349506"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20349506",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 182,
"text": "Leguminous plants open their leaves during the daytime and close them at night as if sleeping, a type of movement ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c54d1a207647bbc4b000007 |
factoid | Which deep learning algorithm has been developed for variant calling? | ['DeepVariant'] | ['A deep convolutional neural network can call genetic variation in aligned next-generation sequencing read data by learning statistical relationships between images of read pileups around putative variant and true genotype calls. The approach, called DeepVariant, outperforms existing state-of-the-art tools. The learne... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30247488"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30247488",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 978,
"text": "Despite rapid advances in sequencing technologies, accurately calling genetic variants present in an individual ge... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c51fb7a07ef653866000006 |
factoid | What is the percentage of individuals at risk of dominant medically actionable disease? | ['2.7%', '1/38'] | ['1 in 38 individuals at risk of a dominant medically actionable disease.', '1 in 38 healthy individuals (2.7%) has a (likely) pathogenic variant in one of 59 medically actionable dominant disease genes for which the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommends disclosure.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30291343"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30291343",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "1 in 38 individuals at risk of a dominant medically actionable disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"do... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c51fe8907ef653866000007 |
factoid | Fecal transplantation is used to treat infection with what bacteria? | ['Clostridium difficile'] | ['Fecal microbiota transplantation is used to treat Clostridium difficile infection'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28178876",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27999162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27194400",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29104169",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29450831",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29020255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28178876",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Fecal microbiota transplantation is a highly effective intervention for patients suffering from recurrent Clostrid... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c71d6d27c78d6947100006a |
factoid | When did delafloxacin receive its first approval in the USA for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections? | ['2017'] | ['Delafoxacin received approval in the USA for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections in 2017.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28748399"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28748399",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 169,
"offsetInEndSection": 381,
"text": "The drug is being investigated or considered as a treatment for various bacterial infections and in June 2017 re... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c0117fd133db5eb7800002a |
factoid | Erenumab, used to treat migraine headaches, binds to what protein? | ['CGRP receptor'] | ['Erenumab binds to the CGRP receptor to treat migraine headaches'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30409109",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28736918",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30242830",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30360965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29691490",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28736918",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 257,
"text": "Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling are being explored as prop... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c71d7ca7c78d6947100006b |
factoid | Which is the database of somatic mutations in normal cells? | ['DSMNC', 'Database of Somatic Mutations in Normal Cells'] | ['DSMNC is a database of somatic mutations in normal cells (http://dsmnc.big.ac.cn/) and provides a comprehensive catalogue of somatic SNVs in single cells from various normal tissues. In the current version, the database collected ∼0.8 million SNVs accumulated in ∼600 single normal cells (579 human cells and 39 mouse ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30380071"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30380071",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 55,
"text": "DSMNC: a database of somatic mutations in normal cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http:/... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5b268986df2b9174000019 |
factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by a drug Lorlatinib? | ['anaplastic lymphoma kinase'] | ['Lorlatinib is anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29400604",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29376144",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30394941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29458783",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30322862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29744867",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30394941",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 321,
"text": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We describe recent developments in the rapidly evolving field of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-tar... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c72ade07c78d69471000070 |
factoid | What periodontal disease associated bacteria is also associated with Alzheimer's disease? | ['Porphyromonas gingivalis'] | ["Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, has been found to associate with remote body organ inflammatory pathologies, including atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD).", 'Among bacteria special attention is focused on spirochetes family and on periodontal pathogens such as Porphyr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22546352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29046054",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28294067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29249963"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28294067",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1229,
"offsetInEndSection": 1471,
"text": "Among bacteria special attention is focused on spirochetes family and on periodontal pathogens such as Porphyr... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c53191a7e3cb0e231000016 |
factoid | How does the Cholera toxin enter a cell? | ['Cholera toxin (CT) can enter host cells by binding to GM1, a monosialoganglioside widely distributed on the plasma membrane surface of various animal epithelial cells.'] | ['Cholera toxin (CT), which is secreted by V. cholerae, can enter host cells by binding to GM1, a monosialoganglioside widely distributed on the plasma membrane surface of various animal epithelial cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26405107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27914621",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26478842"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26405107",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 258,
"offsetInEndSection": 461,
"text": "Cholera toxin (CT), which is secreted by V. cholerae, can enter host cells by binding to GM1, a monosialoganglio... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c7813f57c78d694710000b0 |
factoid | What organism causes hepatic capillariasis? | ['Capillaria hepatica'] | ['Hepatic capillariasis is a rare and neglected parasitic disease caused by infection with Capillaria hepatica in human liver.', 'hepatic capillariasis, caused by the parasite Capillaria hepatica,'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28460612",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20135717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25911041"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28460612",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 165,
"offsetInEndSection": 231,
"text": "hepatic capillariasis, caused by the parasite Capillaria hepatica,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c571dd307647bbc4b000016 |
factoid | Cerliponase alfa is apprived for treatment of which disease? | ['neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2'] | ['Cerliponase alfa is a recombinant human tripeptidyl peptidase-1 (TPP1) approved for use in patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2), a paediatric neurodegenerative disease caused by a deficiency in TPP1.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28589525",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30205177",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28890641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29688815"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29688815",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "Study of Intraventricular Cerliponase Alfa for CLN2 Disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "h... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6b810e7c78d6947100002e |
factoid | Which molecule is inhibited by ivosidenib? | ['IDH1'] | ['Ivosidenib (AG-120) is an oral, targeted, small-molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH1. It used an effective treatment of leukemia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29266015",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29950729",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29670690",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29860938",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30209701",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30093505",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29266015",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 815,
"offsetInEndSection": 1188,
"text": "Different combinations and new formulations of cytotoxic agents, such as clofarabine or CPX-351, are newer opti... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c73ace87c78d69471000084 |
factoid | Which ploidy-agnostic method has been developed for estimating telomere length from whole genome sequencing data? | ['Telomerecat'] | ['Telomerecat is a ploidy-agnostic method for estimating telomere length from whole genome sequencing data. Previous methods have been dependent on the number of telomeres present in a cell being known, which may be problematic when analysing aneuploid cancer data and non-human samples. Telomerecat is designed to be ag... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29358629"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29358629",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "Telomerecat: A ploidy-agnostic method for estimating telomere length from whole genome sequencing data."
},
{
"b... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c61f767e842deac67000007 |
factoid | What happens to retrotransposons during ageing? | ['Activation'] | ['Retrotransposons are activated as organisms age'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27692431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581630"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27692431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 249,
"offsetInEndSection": 570,
"text": "Senescent cells undergo dramatic alterations to their chromatin landscape that affect genome accessibility and t... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c929094ecadf2e73f000019 |
factoid | Which enzyme is deficient in Wolman disease? | ['lysosomal acid lipase'] | ['Deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) causes Wolman disease.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29246491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11019848",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24798600",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8397511",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/179993",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925650",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28374935",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 260,
"offsetInEndSection": 646,
"text": "Wolman's disease, also known as lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) deficiency, is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c72f6b17c78d6947100007f |
factoid | What is MOV10? | ['RNA helicase'] | ['MOV10 is an RNA helicase'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29266590"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29266590",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Mov10 is an RNA helicase that modulates access of Argonaute 2 to microRNA recognition elements in mRNAs."
}
] | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c93e5acecadf2e73f00001a |
factoid | Which cancer is associated with increased levels of Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) ? | ['HCC', 'hepatocelluar carcinoma'] | ['Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is a marker of germ cell neoplasms,\r\nSerum α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a widely used diagnostic biomarker, but it has limited sensitivity and is not elevated in all HCC cases.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28989060",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28750141",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29052791",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28582340",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28482112"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28989060",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1624,
"offsetInEndSection": 1864,
"text": "In the competing-risk regression, the sum of tumor number and size and of log10 level of AFP were significantl... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c89623bf9c2ba6b28000005 |
factoid | What is the exoproteome? | ['secreted protein content'] | ['Exoproteomics aims at describing and quantifying the proteins found outside of the cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28137564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29233035",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29419372"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28137564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 234,
"offsetInEndSection": 408,
"text": "Exoproteomics aims at describing and quantifying the proteins found outside of the cells, thus takes advantage o... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c8cd26a0101eac870000003 |
factoid | Which protein is the Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) receptor for? | ['truncated BH3-interacting domain death agonist (tBID) protein'] | ['Mitochondrial Carrier Homolog 2 (MTCH2) acts as a receptor for the BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (BID) in the mitochondrial outer membrane.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30401654",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22326460",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26794447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15899861",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27320914"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15899861",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1148,
"offsetInEndSection": 1211,
"text": "These results implicate Mtch2 as a mitochondrial target of tBID"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c8cdfe50101eac870000004 |
factoid | What organism causes Rhombencephalitis? | ['Listeria monocytogenes'] | ['Rhombencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes', 'Rhombencephalitis is caused by Listeria monocytogenes'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24050079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28730571",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9250779",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20204066",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16126275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21956758",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28166691",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 50,
"text": "Rhombencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c84346b75a4a5d219000001 |
factoid | Which receptor is targeted by Erenumab? | ['calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor'] | ['Erenumab is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, is being evaluated for migraine prevention.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29406534",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28835404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29263689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28736918",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30360965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28736918",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 258,
"text": "Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling are being explored as prop... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c73acef7c78d69471000088 |
factoid | What antibiotic is currently used as the standard of care for Clostridium Difficile infection as of 2018 | ['Fidaxomicin'] | ['fidaxomicin has recently been introduced as a new antibiotic that has been shown to significantly reduce the recurrence of this infection. fidaxomicin is a new antibiotic used to treat clostridium difficile infection (cdi).', 'Fidaxomicin has recently been introduced as a new antibiotic that has been shown to signifi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27601193",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28009682"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27601193",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 156,
"offsetInEndSection": 295,
"text": " Fidaxomicin has recently been introduced as a new antibiotic that has been shown to significantly reduce the re... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c85234775a4a5d219000007 |
factoid | Which was the first gene therapy to receive marketing authorization in the European Union? | ['Glybera', 'Alipogene tiparvovec'] | ['The first gene therapy to receive marketing authorization in the European Union was Glybera (alipogene tiparvovec).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28284702"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28284702",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 430,
"offsetInEndSection": 713,
"text": "Alipogene tiparvovec (Glybera®) is the first gene therapy to receive Marketing Authorization in the European Uni... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c8973f3d558e5f232000007 |
factoid | Which company produces Glybera? | ['Chiesi Pharma'] | ['Glybera is a product of Chiesi Pharma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27762892"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27762892",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 329,
"offsetInEndSection": 719,
"text": "Interestingly, the RM development cycle seems to obey the Gartner hype cycle, now at the enlightenment phase, af... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c8974bcd558e5f232000008 |
factoid | Safinamide is approved for treatment of which disease? | ["Parkinson's disease"] | ["Safinamide is a monoamine-oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor licensed as add-on therapy for people with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who are experiencing motor fluctuations with levodopa."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29760163",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29670409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28110399",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30271159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30142650",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27802242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29167350",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "Safinamide has been recently approved as an add-on to levodopa therapy for Parkinson disease. "
},
{
"begin... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c73ad077c78d69471000090 |
factoid | What is the tradename of apixaban? | ['Eliquis'] | ['The tradename of apixaban is Eliquis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23677804"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23677804",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "The direct factor Xa inhibitor apixaban (Eliquis(®)) has predictable pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics and doe... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c920fc3ecadf2e73f000011 |
factoid | Under which environment does SELANSI run? | ['MATLAB'] | ['SELANSI (SEmi-LAgrangian SImulation of GRNs) is a software toolbox for the simulation of stochastic multidimensional gene regulatory networks. SELANSI exploits intrinsic structural properties of gene regulatory networks to accurately approximate the corresponding Chemical Master Equation with a partial integral diffe... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29040384"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29040384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 525,
"offsetInEndSection": 1467,
"text": "This work presents SELANSI (SEmi-LAgrangian SImulation of GRNs), a software toolbox for the simulation of stoch... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6ab4c17c78d6947100001d |
factoid | What is the name of the Cas13 based diagnostic test for the Zika and dengue viruses? | ['SHERLOCK (specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking)'] | ['The Cas13-based platform that can detect Zika and dengue viruses is called SHERLOCK (specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29700266"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29700266",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 123,
"offsetInEndSection": 371,
"text": "In this study, we demonstrate that the Cas13-based SHERLOCK (specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlock... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c92871decadf2e73f000016 |
factoid | What type of drug is apixaban? | ['anticoagulant'] | ['Apixaban is an anticoagulant.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653758"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653758",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 160,
"offsetInEndSection": 325,
"text": "Like other direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), apixaban has generally predictable pharmacological properties and... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c920f13ecadf2e73f000010 |
factoid | What the chromsomal location of the gene that is deleted in Potocki-Shaffer syndrome? | ['11p11.2p12'] | ['In Potocki-Shaffer syndrome (PSS), the full phenotypic spectrum is manifested when deletions are at least 2.1\u2009Mb in size at 11p11.2', 'Potocki-Shaffer syndrome (PSS) is a rare contiguous gene deletion syndrome caused by heterozygous deletion of 11p11.2p12.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23239541",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15852040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28571721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19222835",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28127865",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15666301",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26333423",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 131,
"text": "In Potocki-Shaffer syndrome (PSS), the full phenotypic spectrum is manifested when deletions are at least 2.1 Mb i... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c72b7277c78d69471000073 |
factoid | Which tissue secretes vaspin? | ['Adipose Tissue'] | ['Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin) is an adipocytokine that has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits apoptosis under diabetic conditions.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28756250",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29734265"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28756250",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 54,
"text": "Vaspin expression is increased in white adipose tissue"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "h... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c7d5ae9d774d04240000010 |
factoid | Phlorotannin is extracted from what plant? | ['Brown algea or seaweed'] | ['Phlorotannin is extracted from Brown Seaweed or brown Algae', 'phlorotannins present in brown seaweeds Phlorotannins, phenolic compounds produced exclusively by seaweeds'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30072652",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28946360",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29342865",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22612266",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29344826",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29608860"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28946360",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 219,
"text": "Brown algae are rich in polyphenolic compounds, phlorotannins, which have been found to possess high in vitro anti... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c83fd8e617e120c34000004 |
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