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text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
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projected-00309064-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Villiers%2C%204th%20Earl%20of%20Clarendon | George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon | Minister in Spain | George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, (12 January 180027 June 1870) was an English diplomat and statesman from the Villiers family.
He served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs three times as part of a distinguished diplomatic career. He was the leading British representative at the Congres... | On 16 August 1833, he was appointed minister at the court of Spain. Ferdinand VII died within a month of his arrival at Madrid, and the infant Queen Isabella, then two years old, was placed on the throne based on the old Spanish custom of female inheritance, but her succession was challenged by Don Carlos, the late Kin... | [] | [
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projected-00309064-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Villiers%2C%204th%20Earl%20of%20Clarendon | George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon | Succession to the Earldom, Offices of State in Britain | George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, (12 January 180027 June 1870) was an English diplomat and statesman from the Villiers family.
He served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs three times as part of a distinguished diplomatic career. He was the leading British representative at the Congres... | Villiers received the Grand Cross of the Bath in 1838 in acknowledgment of his services in Spain, and succeeded, on the death of his uncle, to the title of Earl of Clarendon; in the following year, having left Madrid, he married a young widow, Lady Katharine Foster-Barham (née Grimston), eldest daughter of James Grimst... | [
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projected-00309064-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Villiers%2C%204th%20Earl%20of%20Clarendon | George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon | Lord Lieutenant of Ireland | George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, (12 January 180027 June 1870) was an English diplomat and statesman from the Villiers family.
He served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs three times as part of a distinguished diplomatic career. He was the leading British representative at the Congres... | Clarendon was twice offered the Governor-Generalship of India, and once the Governor-Generalship of Canada, but he declined as it would have meant leaving British and European politics for some years.
In 1847, Clarendon was persuaded to accept the Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland, which the Cabinet wanted to abolish and tr... | [] | [
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projected-00309064-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Villiers%2C%204th%20Earl%20of%20Clarendon | George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon | Foreign Secretary | George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, (12 January 180027 June 1870) was an English diplomat and statesman from the Villiers family.
He served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs three times as part of a distinguished diplomatic career. He was the leading British representative at the Congres... | In January 1853, Clarendon succeeded Lord John Russell as Foreign Secretary in Lord Aberdeen's coalition ministry of Whigs and Peelites, which had been formed the previous December. The country was already "drifting" into the Crimean War, an expression of Clarendon's which became notorious. Clarendon was not responsibl... | [
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projected-00309064-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Villiers%2C%204th%20Earl%20of%20Clarendon | George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon | Family | George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, (12 January 180027 June 1870) was an English diplomat and statesman from the Villiers family.
He served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs three times as part of a distinguished diplomatic career. He was the leading British representative at the Congres... | On 4 June 1839, Villiers married the widowed Lady Katherine Foster-Barham (a daughter of James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam) and they had eight children:
Lady Constance Villiers (1840–1922), married Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby.
Lady Alice Villiers (1841–1897), married Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, 1st Earl of La... | [
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projected-00309064-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Villiers%2C%204th%20Earl%20of%20Clarendon | George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon | Further reading | George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, (12 January 180027 June 1870) was an English diplomat and statesman from the Villiers family.
He served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs three times as part of a distinguished diplomatic career. He was the leading British representative at the Congres... | David Steele. "Villiers, George William Frederick, fourth earl of Clarendon" Dictionary of National Biography (2009)
Cecil, Algernon. British Foreign Secretaries 1807-1916 (1927) pp 220–255. online
Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell: The Life and letters of George William Frederick 4. Earl of Clarendon. London: Arnold, 191... | [] | [
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projected-00309069-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy%20Mansion | Playboy Mansion | Introduction | The Playboy Mansion, also known as the Playboy Mansion West, is the former home of Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner who lived there from 1974 until his death in 2017. Barbi Benton convinced Hefner to buy the home located in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California, near Beverly Hills. From the 1970s onward the mansion... | [] | [
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projected-00309069-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy%20Mansion | Playboy Mansion | History | The Playboy Mansion, also known as the Playboy Mansion West, is the former home of Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner who lived there from 1974 until his death in 2017. Barbi Benton convinced Hefner to buy the home located in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California, near Beverly Hills. From the 1970s onward the mansion... | The house is described as being in the "Gothic-Tudor" style of architecture by Forbes magazine, and sits on . It was designed by Arthur R. Kelly in 1927 for Arthur Letts Jr., son of The Broadway department store founder Arthur Letts.
It was acquired by Playboy in 1971 for $1.1 million, from Louis D. Statham (1908–198... | [
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projected-00309069-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy%20Mansion | Playboy Mansion | Sale of Playboy Mansion | The Playboy Mansion, also known as the Playboy Mansion West, is the former home of Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner who lived there from 1974 until his death in 2017. Barbi Benton convinced Hefner to buy the home located in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California, near Beverly Hills. From the 1970s onward the mansion... | In January 2016, the Playboy Mansion was listed for sale by Playboy Enterprises, Inc. for the asking price of $200 million, subject to the condition Hefner be allowed to continue to rent the mansion for life. In August 2016, the Playboy Mansion was bought for $100 million by Daren Metropoulos, the co-owner of Hostess B... | [] | [
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projected-00309069-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy%20Mansion | Playboy Mansion | Permanent protection covenant | The Playboy Mansion, also known as the Playboy Mansion West, is the former home of Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner who lived there from 1974 until his death in 2017. Barbi Benton convinced Hefner to buy the home located in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California, near Beverly Hills. From the 1970s onward the mansion... | In March 2018, Daren Metropoulos, the owner of the Playboy Mansion, entered into an agreement with the City of Los Angeles which permanently protects the mansion from demolition. The agreement between Metropoulos and the City of Los Angeles, referred to between the parties as a "permanent protection covenant," is bindi... | [] | [
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projected-00309069-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy%20Mansion | Playboy Mansion | Original Chicago mansion | The Playboy Mansion, also known as the Playboy Mansion West, is the former home of Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner who lived there from 1974 until his death in 2017. Barbi Benton convinced Hefner to buy the home located in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California, near Beverly Hills. From the 1970s onward the mansion... | The original Playboy Mansion was a 70-room, classical brick and limestone residence in Chicago's Gold Coast district at 1340 North State Parkway which had been built in 1899 for Dr. George Swift Isham, a prominent surgeon whose social circle included Theodore Roosevelt and Robert Peary. The building was designed by ar... | [
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projected-00309069-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy%20Mansion | Playboy Mansion | Events and appearances | The Playboy Mansion, also known as the Playboy Mansion West, is the former home of Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner who lived there from 1974 until his death in 2017. Barbi Benton convinced Hefner to buy the home located in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California, near Beverly Hills. From the 1970s onward the mansion... | The house can be seen in the 1966 film Madame X (before it was purchased by Playboy in the next decade).
The Playboy Mansion was used as a film location in Beverly Hills Cop II, with Hefner as himself in a cameo role.
The mansion hosted the Starting Line of the 12th season of CBS' long-running reality competition ser... | [
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projected-00309069-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy%20Mansion | Playboy Mansion | Financial | The Playboy Mansion, also known as the Playboy Mansion West, is the former home of Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner who lived there from 1974 until his death in 2017. Barbi Benton convinced Hefner to buy the home located in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California, near Beverly Hills. From the 1970s onward the mansion... | According to Playboy Enterprises' SEC filings, Hefner paid Playboy rent for "that portion of the Playboy Mansion used exclusively for him and his personal guests' residence as well as the per-unit value of non-business meals, beverages and other benefits received by him and his personal guests". This amount was $1.3 mi... | [] | [
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projected-00309069-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy%20Mansion | Playboy Mansion | Charity events | The Playboy Mansion, also known as the Playboy Mansion West, is the former home of Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner who lived there from 1974 until his death in 2017. Barbi Benton convinced Hefner to buy the home located in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California, near Beverly Hills. From the 1970s onward the mansion... | The Playboy Mansion has hosted charity events, including Karma Foundation, the Celebrity Poker Tournament, a fundraising party for the Marijuana Policy Project, and an event to benefit research into autism. | [] | [
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projected-00309069-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy%20Mansion | Playboy Mansion | 2011 bacterial outbreak | The Playboy Mansion, also known as the Playboy Mansion West, is the former home of Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner who lived there from 1974 until his death in 2017. Barbi Benton convinced Hefner to buy the home located in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California, near Beverly Hills. From the 1970s onward the mansion... | In February 2011, 123 people complained of fever and respiratory illness after attending a DomainFest Global conference event held at the Playboy Mansion. After an investigation in response to the reported illnesses of the DomainFest attendees, epidemiologists from the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health dis... | [] | [
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projected-00309069-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy%20Mansion | Playboy Mansion | Sexual and drug abuse allegations | The Playboy Mansion, also known as the Playboy Mansion West, is the former home of Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner who lived there from 1974 until his death in 2017. Barbi Benton convinced Hefner to buy the home located in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California, near Beverly Hills. From the 1970s onward the mansion... | The 2022 documentary series Secrets of Playboy featured interviews with former Playboy employees who alleged numerous acts of sexual and drug abuse took place at the mansion during Hefner's lifetime. Before the first episode of the documentary series aired on January 24, 2022, Playboy released a statement which dissoci... | [] | [
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projected-00309069-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy%20Mansion | Playboy Mansion | See also | The Playboy Mansion, also known as the Playboy Mansion West, is the former home of Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner who lived there from 1974 until his death in 2017. Barbi Benton convinced Hefner to buy the home located in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California, near Beverly Hills. From the 1970s onward the mansion... | Stocks House | [] | [
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projected-00309070-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dirty%20Dozen | The Dirty Dozen | Introduction | The Dirty Dozen is a 1967 American war film directed by Robert Aldrich and starring Lee Marvin with an ensemble supporting cast including Ernest Borgnine, Charles Bronson, Jim Brown, John Cassavetes, Richard Jaeckel, George Kennedy, Ralph Meeker, Robert Ryan, Telly Savalas, Donald Sutherland, Clint Walker and Robert We... | [] | [
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... | |
projected-00309070-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dirty%20Dozen | The Dirty Dozen | Plot | The Dirty Dozen is a 1967 American war film directed by Robert Aldrich and starring Lee Marvin with an ensemble supporting cast including Ernest Borgnine, Charles Bronson, Jim Brown, John Cassavetes, Richard Jaeckel, George Kennedy, Ralph Meeker, Robert Ryan, Telly Savalas, Donald Sutherland, Clint Walker and Robert We... | In March 1944, OSS officer Major John Reisman is ordered by the commander of ADSEC in Britain, Major General Sam Worden, to undertake Project Amnesty, a top-secret mission to train some of the Army's worst prisoners and turn them into commandos to be sent on a virtual suicide mission just before D-Day. The target is a ... | [] | [
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... |
projected-00309070-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dirty%20Dozen | The Dirty Dozen | Cast | The Dirty Dozen is a 1967 American war film directed by Robert Aldrich and starring Lee Marvin with an ensemble supporting cast including Ernest Borgnine, Charles Bronson, Jim Brown, John Cassavetes, Richard Jaeckel, George Kennedy, Ralph Meeker, Robert Ryan, Telly Savalas, Donald Sutherland, Clint Walker and Robert We... | Lee Marvin as Major John Reisman
Ernest Borgnine as Major General Sam Worden
Charles Bronson as Joseph Wladislaw (prisoner #9)
Jim Brown as Robert T. Jefferson (#3)
John Cassavetes as Victor R. Franko (#11)
Richard Jaeckel as Sergeant Clyde Bowren
George Kennedy as Major Max Armbruster
Ralph Meeker as Captain St... | [] | [
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projected-00309070-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dirty%20Dozen | The Dirty Dozen | Writing | The Dirty Dozen is a 1967 American war film directed by Robert Aldrich and starring Lee Marvin with an ensemble supporting cast including Ernest Borgnine, Charles Bronson, Jim Brown, John Cassavetes, Richard Jaeckel, George Kennedy, Ralph Meeker, Robert Ryan, Telly Savalas, Donald Sutherland, Clint Walker and Robert We... | Although Robert Aldrich had failed to buy the rights to E.M. Nathanson's novel The Dirty Dozen while it was just an outline, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer succeeded in May 1963. On publication, the novel became a best-seller in 1965. It was adapted to the screen by veteran scriptwriter and producer Nunnally Johnson, and Lukas He... | [] | [
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... |
projected-00309070-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dirty%20Dozen | The Dirty Dozen | Casting | The Dirty Dozen is a 1967 American war film directed by Robert Aldrich and starring Lee Marvin with an ensemble supporting cast including Ernest Borgnine, Charles Bronson, Jim Brown, John Cassavetes, Richard Jaeckel, George Kennedy, Ralph Meeker, Robert Ryan, Telly Savalas, Donald Sutherland, Clint Walker and Robert We... | The cast included many World War II US veterans including Lee Marvin, Robert Webber and Robert Ryan (US Marine Corps); Telly Savalas and George Kennedy (US Army); Charles Bronson (US Army Air Forces); Ernest Borgnine (US Navy); and Clint Walker (US Merchant Marine).
John Wayne was the original choice for Reisman, but ... | [] | [
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projected-00309070-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dirty%20Dozen | The Dirty Dozen | Filming | The Dirty Dozen is a 1967 American war film directed by Robert Aldrich and starring Lee Marvin with an ensemble supporting cast including Ernest Borgnine, Charles Bronson, Jim Brown, John Cassavetes, Richard Jaeckel, George Kennedy, Ralph Meeker, Robert Ryan, Telly Savalas, Donald Sutherland, Clint Walker and Robert We... | The production was filmed in the U.K. during the summer of 1966. Interiors and set pieces took place at MGM-British Studios, Borehamwood, where the château set was built under the direction of art director William Hutchinson. It was wide and high, surrounded with of heather, 400 ferns, 450 shrubs, 30 spruce trees an... | [
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... |
projected-00309075-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Introduction | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | [] | [
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projected-00309075-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Immunity and autoimmunity | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | The human body has many defense mechanisms against pathogens, one of which is humoral immunity. This defence mechanism produces antibodies (large glycoproteins) in response to an immune stimulus. Many cells of the immune system are required for this process, including lymphocytes (T-cells and B-cells) and antigen prese... | [] | [
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projected-00309075-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | ANA subtypes | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | ANAs are found in many disorders, as well as some healthy individuals. These disorders include: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, primary biliary cirrhosis, drug induced lupus, autoimmune hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, discoid lupus, ... | [] | [
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projected-00309075-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Extractable nuclear antigens | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) are a group of autoantigens that were originally identified as antibody targets in people with autoimmune disorders. They are termed ENA because they can be extracted from the cell nucleus with saline. The ENAs consist of ribonucleoproteins and non-histone proteins, named by either th... | [] | [
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projected-00309075-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies, also known as SS-A and SS-B, respectively, are commonly found in primary Sjögren's syndrome, an autoimmune disorder that affects the exocrine glands. The presence of both antibodies is found in 30–60% of Sjögren's syndrome, anti-Ro antibodies alone are found in 50–70% of Sjögren's syndro... | [
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"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Anti-Sm | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Anti-Smith (Anti-Sm) antibodies are a very specific marker for SLE. Approximately 99% of individuals without SLE lack anti-Sm antibodies, but only 20% of people with SLE have the antibodies. They are associated with central nervous system involvement, kidney disease, lung fibrosis and pericarditis in SLE, but they are ... | [] | [
"ANA subtypes",
"Extractable nuclear antigens",
"Anti-Sm"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Anti-nRNP/anti-U1-RNP | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Anti-nuclear ribonucleoprotein (anti-nRNP) antibodies, also known as anti-U1-RNP antibodies, are found in 30–40% of SLE. They are often found with anti-Sm antibodies, but they may be associated with different clinical associations. In addition to SLE, these antibodies are highly associated with mixed connective tissue ... | [] | [
"ANA subtypes",
"Extractable nuclear antigens",
"Anti-nRNP/anti-U1-RNP"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Anti-Scl-70/anti-topoisomerase I | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Anti-Scl-70 antibodies are linked to scleroderma. The sensitivity of the antibodies for scleroderma is approximately 34%, but is higher for cases with diffuse cutaneous involvement (40%), and lower for limited cutaneous involvement (10%). The specificity of the antibodies is 98% and 99.6% in other rheumatic diseases an... | [] | [
"ANA subtypes",
"Extractable nuclear antigens",
"Anti-Scl-70/anti-topoisomerase I"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Anti-Jo-1 | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Although anti-Jo-1 antibodies are often included with ANAs, they are actually antibodies to the cytoplasmic protein, Histidyl-tRNA synthetase - an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase essential for the synthesis of histidine loaded tRNA. They are highly associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis, and are rarely found in oth... | [] | [
"ANA subtypes",
"Extractable nuclear antigens",
"Anti-Jo-1"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Anti-dsDNA | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are highly associated with SLE. They are a very specific marker for the disease, with some studies quoting nearly 100%. Data on sensitivity ranges from 25 to 85%. Anti-dsDNA antibody levels, known as titres, correlate with disease activity in SLE; high levels indicate mo... | [
"ANA - dsDNA antibody.png"
] | [
"Anti-dsDNA"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Anti-histone antibodies | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Anti-histone antibodies are found in the serum of up to 75–95% of people with drug induced lupus and 75% of idiopathic SLE. Unlike anti-dsDNA antibodies in SLE, these antibodies do not fix complement. Although they are most commonly found in drug induced lupus, they are also found in some cases of SLE, scleroderma, rhe... | [] | [
"Anti-histone antibodies"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Anti-gp210 and anti-p62 | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Both anti-glycoprotein-210 (anti-gp210) and anti-nucleoporin 62 (anti-p62) antibodies are antibodies to components of the nuclear membrane and are found in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Each antibody is present in approximately 25–30% of PBC. The antigens of both antibodies are constituents of the nuclear membrane. ... | [] | [
"Anti-gp210 and anti-p62"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Anti-centromere antibodies | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Anti-centromere antibodies are associated with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, also known as CREST syndrome, primary biliary cirrhosis and proximal scleroderma. There are six known antigens, which are all associated with the centromere; CENP-A to CENP-F. CENP-A is a 17kDa histone H3-like protein. CENP-B is an 80k... | [
"CENTROMERE.jpg"
] | [
"Anti-centromere antibodies"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Anti-sp100 | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Anti-sp100 antibodies are found in approximately 20–30% of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). They are found in few individuals without PBC, and therefore are a very specific marker of the disease. The sp100 antigen is found within nuclear bodies; large protein complexes in the nucleus that may have a role in cell growth... | [] | [
"Anti-sp100"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Anti-PM-Scl | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Anti-PM-Scl antibodies are found in up to 50% of polymyositis/systemic sclerosis (PM/SSc) overlap syndrome. Around 80% of individuals with antibodies present in their blood serum will have the disorder. The presence of the antibodies is linked to limited cutaneous involvement of PM/SSc overlap syndrome. The antigenic t... | [] | [
"Anti-PM-Scl"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Anti-DFS70 antibodies | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Anti-DFS70 antibodies generate a dense fine speckled pattern in indirect immunofluorescence and are found in normals and in various conditions, but are not associated with a systemic autoimmune pathology. Therefore, they can be used to help to rule out such conditions in ANA positive individuals. A significant number o... | [] | [
"Anti-DFS70 antibodies"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | ANA test | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | The presence of ANAs in blood can be confirmed by a screening test. Although there are many tests for the detection of ANAs, the most common tests used for screening are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following detection of ANAs, various subtypes are determined. | [
"ANA-Kit.jpg",
"ANA Immunofluorescence.png"
] | [
"ANA test"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Indirect immunofluorescence | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Indirect immunofluorescence is one of the most commonly used tests for ANAs. Typically, HEp-2 cells are used as a substrate to detect the antibodies in human serum. Microscope slides are coated with HEp-2 cells and the serum is incubated with the cells. If the said and targeted antibodies are present then they will bin... | [] | [
"ANA test",
"Indirect immunofluorescence"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | HEp-2 | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Until around 1975, when HEp-2 cells were introduced, animal tissue was used as the standard substrate for immunofluorescence. HEp-2 cells are currently one of the most common substrates for ANA detection by immunofluorescence.
Originally started a laryngeal carcinoma strain, the cell line was contaminated and displace... | [
"ANA NUCLEOLAR 3.jpg"
] | [
"ANA test",
"Indirect immunofluorescence",
"HEp-2"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Crithidia luciliae | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Crithidia luciliae are haemoflaggelate single celled protists. They are used as a substrate in immunofluorescence for the detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies. They possess an organelle known as the kinetoplast which is a large mitochondrion with a network of interlocking circular dsDNA molecules. After incubation with s... | [
"CRITHIDIA 2.jpg"
] | [
"ANA test",
"Indirect immunofluorescence",
"Crithidia luciliae"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | ELISA | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) uses antigen-coated microtitre plates for the detection of ANAs. Each well of a microtitre plate is coated with either a single antigen or multiple antigens to detect specific antibodies or to screen for ANAs, respectively. The antigens are either from cell extracts or recombin... | [] | [
"ELISA"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | Sensitivity | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | The following table lists the sensitivity of different types of ANAs for different diseases.
Some ANAs appear in several types of disease, resulting in lower specificity of the test. For example, IgM-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) have been shown to cross-react with ANA giving falsely positive immunofluorescence. Positive... | [] | [
"Sensitivity"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | History | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | The LE cell was discovered in bone marrow in 1948 by Hargraves et al. In 1957 Holborow et al. first demonstrated ANA using indirect immunofluorescence. This was the first indication that processes affecting the cell nucleus were responsible for SLE. In 1959 it was discovered that serum from individuals with SLE contain... | [
"LECell.jpg"
] | [
"History"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309075-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibody | See also | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)
Rheumatoid factor | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Autoantibodies",
"Antibodies",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00309076-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Imitation%20of%20Christ | The Imitation of Christ | Introduction | The Imitation of Christ, by Thomas à Kempis, is a Christian devotional book first composed in Medieval Latin as De Imitatione Christi ( 1418–1427). The devotional text is divided into four books of detailed spiritual instructions: (i) "Helpful Counsels of the Spiritual Life", (ii) "Directives for the Interior Life", (i... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"15th-century Latin books",
"Christian devotional literature",
"Devotio Moderna",
"Works published anonymously",
"Books about Christianity",
"Books about spirituality",
"1418 books"
] | |
projected-00309076-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Imitation%20of%20Christ | The Imitation of Christ | Background | The Imitation of Christ, by Thomas à Kempis, is a Christian devotional book first composed in Medieval Latin as De Imitatione Christi ( 1418–1427). The devotional text is divided into four books of detailed spiritual instructions: (i) "Helpful Counsels of the Spiritual Life", (ii) "Directives for the Interior Life", (i... | The ideal of the imitation of Christ has been an important element of Christian theology, ethics and spirituality. References to this concept and its practice are found in the earliest Christian documents, such as the Pauline Epistles.
Saint Augustine viewed the imitation of Christ as the fundamental purpose of Christ... | [
"Zwolle Windesheim Klooster.jpg"
] | [
"Background and history",
"Background"
] | [
"15th-century Latin books",
"Christian devotional literature",
"Devotio Moderna",
"Works published anonymously",
"Books about Christianity",
"Books about spirituality",
"1418 books"
] |
projected-00309076-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Imitation%20of%20Christ | The Imitation of Christ | History | The Imitation of Christ, by Thomas à Kempis, is a Christian devotional book first composed in Medieval Latin as De Imitatione Christi ( 1418–1427). The devotional text is divided into four books of detailed spiritual instructions: (i) "Helpful Counsels of the Spiritual Life", (ii) "Directives for the Interior Life", (i... | The book was written anonymously in Latin in the Netherlands c. 1418–1427 and Thomas à Kempis is generally accepted as the author. Several sources of authority, including members of his own order, name Kempis as the author, and various contemporary manuscripts, including one autograph codex, bear his name.
Joseph N. T... | [
"Imitation1874.jpg"
] | [
"Background and history",
"History"
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"15th-century Latin books",
"Christian devotional literature",
"Devotio Moderna",
"Works published anonymously",
"Books about Christianity",
"Books about spirituality",
"1418 books"
] |
projected-00309076-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Imitation%20of%20Christ | The Imitation of Christ | Teachings | The Imitation of Christ, by Thomas à Kempis, is a Christian devotional book first composed in Medieval Latin as De Imitatione Christi ( 1418–1427). The devotional text is divided into four books of detailed spiritual instructions: (i) "Helpful Counsels of the Spiritual Life", (ii) "Directives for the Interior Life", (i... | The Imitation of Christ is divided into four books which provide detailed spiritual instructions. | [] | [
"Teachings"
] | [
"15th-century Latin books",
"Christian devotional literature",
"Devotio Moderna",
"Works published anonymously",
"Books about Christianity",
"Books about spirituality",
"1418 books"
] |
projected-00309076-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Imitation%20of%20Christ | The Imitation of Christ | Book One | The Imitation of Christ, by Thomas à Kempis, is a Christian devotional book first composed in Medieval Latin as De Imitatione Christi ( 1418–1427). The devotional text is divided into four books of detailed spiritual instructions: (i) "Helpful Counsels of the Spiritual Life", (ii) "Directives for the Interior Life", (i... | Book One of the Imitation is titled "Helpful Counsels of the Spiritual Life". The Imitation derives its title from the first chapter of Book I, "The Imitation of Christ and contempt for the vanities of the world" (Latin: "De Imitatione Christi et contemptu omnium vanitatum mundi"). The Imitation is sometimes referred t... | [
"Imitation of Christ Chap1 Chapman and Hall 1878.jpg"
] | [
"Teachings",
"Book One"
] | [
"15th-century Latin books",
"Christian devotional literature",
"Devotio Moderna",
"Works published anonymously",
"Books about Christianity",
"Books about spirituality",
"1418 books"
] |
projected-00309076-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Imitation%20of%20Christ | The Imitation of Christ | Book Two | The Imitation of Christ, by Thomas à Kempis, is a Christian devotional book first composed in Medieval Latin as De Imitatione Christi ( 1418–1427). The devotional text is divided into four books of detailed spiritual instructions: (i) "Helpful Counsels of the Spiritual Life", (ii) "Directives for the Interior Life", (i... | Book Two of the Imitation is "Directives for the Interior Life". The book continues the theme of Book One, and contains instructions concerning "inward peace, purity of heart, a good conscience—for moderating our longings and desires, for patience, for submission to the will of God, for the love of Jesus, for enduring ... | [] | [
"Teachings",
"Book Two"
] | [
"15th-century Latin books",
"Christian devotional literature",
"Devotio Moderna",
"Works published anonymously",
"Books about Christianity",
"Books about spirituality",
"1418 books"
] |
projected-00309076-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Imitation%20of%20Christ | The Imitation of Christ | Book Three | The Imitation of Christ, by Thomas à Kempis, is a Christian devotional book first composed in Medieval Latin as De Imitatione Christi ( 1418–1427). The devotional text is divided into four books of detailed spiritual instructions: (i) "Helpful Counsels of the Spiritual Life", (ii) "Directives for the Interior Life", (i... | Book Three, entitled "On Interior Consolation", is the longest among the four books. This book is in the form of a dialogue between Jesus and the disciple.
Jesus says that very few turn to God and spirituality, since they are more eager to listen to the world and desires of their flesh than to God. Jesus says that the... | [
"De Imitatione Christi 001 title page 01.jpg"
] | [
"Teachings",
"Book Three"
] | [
"15th-century Latin books",
"Christian devotional literature",
"Devotio Moderna",
"Works published anonymously",
"Books about Christianity",
"Books about spirituality",
"1418 books"
] |
projected-00309076-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Imitation%20of%20Christ | The Imitation of Christ | Book Four | The Imitation of Christ, by Thomas à Kempis, is a Christian devotional book first composed in Medieval Latin as De Imitatione Christi ( 1418–1427). The devotional text is divided into four books of detailed spiritual instructions: (i) "Helpful Counsels of the Spiritual Life", (ii) "Directives for the Interior Life", (i... | Book Four of the Imitation, "On the Blessed Sacrament", is also in the form of a dialogue between Jesus and the disciple. Kempis writes that in this Sacrament spiritual grace is conferred, the soul's strength is replenished, and the recipient's mind is fortified and strength is given to the body debilitated by sin (Cha... | [] | [
"Teachings",
"Book Four"
] | [
"15th-century Latin books",
"Christian devotional literature",
"Devotio Moderna",
"Works published anonymously",
"Books about Christianity",
"Books about spirituality",
"1418 books"
] |
projected-00309076-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Imitation%20of%20Christ | The Imitation of Christ | Influence | The Imitation of Christ, by Thomas à Kempis, is a Christian devotional book first composed in Medieval Latin as De Imitatione Christi ( 1418–1427). The devotional text is divided into four books of detailed spiritual instructions: (i) "Helpful Counsels of the Spiritual Life", (ii) "Directives for the Interior Life", (i... | The Imitation of Christ is regarded as the most important devotional work in Catholic Christianity and is the most widely read devotional work next to the Bible. Apart from the Bible no Christian book has been translated into more languages than the Imitation of Christ.
The book was admired by the following individual... | [
"Kempis.jpg"
] | [
"Influence"
] | [
"15th-century Latin books",
"Christian devotional literature",
"Devotio Moderna",
"Works published anonymously",
"Books about Christianity",
"Books about spirituality",
"1418 books"
] |
projected-00309076-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Imitation%20of%20Christ | The Imitation of Christ | Criticisms | The Imitation of Christ, by Thomas à Kempis, is a Christian devotional book first composed in Medieval Latin as De Imitatione Christi ( 1418–1427). The devotional text is divided into four books of detailed spiritual instructions: (i) "Helpful Counsels of the Spiritual Life", (ii) "Directives for the Interior Life", (i... | The theologian Hans Urs von Balthasar wrote:
René Girard wrote: "Neither does Jesus propose an ascetic rule of life in the sense of Thomas à Kempis and his celebrated Imitation of Christ, as admirable as that work may be".
Friedrich Nietzsche stated that this was "one of those books which I cannot hold in my hand wit... | [] | [
"Criticisms"
] | [
"15th-century Latin books",
"Christian devotional literature",
"Devotio Moderna",
"Works published anonymously",
"Books about Christianity",
"Books about spirituality",
"1418 books"
] |
projected-00309076-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Imitation%20of%20Christ | The Imitation of Christ | See also | The Imitation of Christ, by Thomas à Kempis, is a Christian devotional book first composed in Medieval Latin as De Imitatione Christi ( 1418–1427). The devotional text is divided into four books of detailed spiritual instructions: (i) "Helpful Counsels of the Spiritual Life", (ii) "Directives for the Interior Life", (i... | Christian mysticism
Vita Christi
What Would Jesus Do? | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"15th-century Latin books",
"Christian devotional literature",
"Devotio Moderna",
"Works published anonymously",
"Books about Christianity",
"Books about spirituality",
"1418 books"
] |
projected-00309079-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzaiten | Benzaiten | Introduction | Benzaiten (shinjitai: 弁才天 or 弁財天; kyūjitai: 辯才天, 辨才天, or 辨財天, lit. "goddess of eloquence"), also simply known as Benten (shinjitai: 弁天; kyūjitai: 辯天 / 辨天), is a Japanese Buddhist goddess who originated mainly from Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of speech, the arts, and learning, with certain traits deriving from the warr... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Arts goddesses",
"Biwa players",
"Buddhist goddesses",
"Commerce goddesses",
"Abundance goddesses",
"Fortune goddesses",
"Japanese dragons",
"Japanese goddesses",
"Knowledge goddesses",
"Sea and river goddesses",
"Water goddesses",
"Shinbutsu shūgō",
"Shinto kami",
"Wisdom goddesses",
"... | |
projected-00309079-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzaiten | Benzaiten | Saraswati in Buddhism | Benzaiten (shinjitai: 弁才天 or 弁財天; kyūjitai: 辯才天, 辨才天, or 辨財天, lit. "goddess of eloquence"), also simply known as Benten (shinjitai: 弁天; kyūjitai: 辯天 / 辨天), is a Japanese Buddhist goddess who originated mainly from Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of speech, the arts, and learning, with certain traits deriving from the warr... | The goddess Saraswati (Sanskrit: Sarasvatī; Pali: Sarassatī) was originally in the Rigveda a river goddess, the deification of the Sarasvati River. She was identified with Vach (Skt. Vāc), the Vedic goddess of speech, and from there became considered to be the patron of music and the arts, knowledge, and learning. In a... | [
"Raja Ravi Varma, Goddess Saraswati.jpg",
"Benzaiten Surrounded by the Goddesses Kariteimo and Kenrochijin and Two Divine Generals, from Kichijoten shrine, c. 1212.jpg",
"Eight-Armed Benzaiten - 八臂弁才天.jpg",
"Womb Realm Mandala - Deities of the Western Outer Vajra section.png"
] | [
"Overview",
"Saraswati in Buddhism"
] | [
"Arts goddesses",
"Biwa players",
"Buddhist goddesses",
"Commerce goddesses",
"Abundance goddesses",
"Fortune goddesses",
"Japanese dragons",
"Japanese goddesses",
"Knowledge goddesses",
"Sea and river goddesses",
"Water goddesses",
"Shinbutsu shūgō",
"Shinto kami",
"Wisdom goddesses",
"... |
projected-00309079-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzaiten | Benzaiten | Benzaiten as a kami | Benzaiten (shinjitai: 弁才天 or 弁財天; kyūjitai: 辯才天, 辨才天, or 辨財天, lit. "goddess of eloquence"), also simply known as Benten (shinjitai: 弁天; kyūjitai: 辯天 / 辨天), is a Japanese Buddhist goddess who originated mainly from Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of speech, the arts, and learning, with certain traits deriving from the warr... | Benzaiten is a female kami to Shinto with the name . She is also believed by Tendai Buddhists to be the essence of the kami Ugajin, whose effigy she sometimes carries on her head together with a torii (see photo above). As a consequence, she is sometimes also known as Benzaiten or Uga Benten. | [] | [
"Benzaiten as a kami"
] | [
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"Commerce goddesses",
"Abundance goddesses",
"Fortune goddesses",
"Japanese dragons",
"Japanese goddesses",
"Knowledge goddesses",
"Sea and river goddesses",
"Water goddesses",
"Shinbutsu shūgō",
"Shinto kami",
"Wisdom goddesses",
"... |
projected-00309079-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzaiten | Benzaiten | Bīja and mantra | Benzaiten (shinjitai: 弁才天 or 弁財天; kyūjitai: 辯才天, 辨才天, or 辨財天, lit. "goddess of eloquence"), also simply known as Benten (shinjitai: 弁天; kyūjitai: 辯天 / 辨天), is a Japanese Buddhist goddess who originated mainly from Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of speech, the arts, and learning, with certain traits deriving from the warr... | The bīja or seed syllable used to represent Benzaiten in Japanese esoteric Buddhism is (सु, traditionally read in Japanese as so), written in Siddhaṃ script. Benzaiten's mantra meanwhile is as follows: | [
"Siddham su.svg"
] | [
"Bīja and mantra"
] | [
"Arts goddesses",
"Biwa players",
"Buddhist goddesses",
"Commerce goddesses",
"Abundance goddesses",
"Fortune goddesses",
"Japanese dragons",
"Japanese goddesses",
"Knowledge goddesses",
"Sea and river goddesses",
"Water goddesses",
"Shinbutsu shūgō",
"Shinto kami",
"Wisdom goddesses",
"... |
projected-00309079-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzaiten | Benzaiten | Shrines | Benzaiten (shinjitai: 弁才天 or 弁財天; kyūjitai: 辯才天, 辨才天, or 辨財天, lit. "goddess of eloquence"), also simply known as Benten (shinjitai: 弁天; kyūjitai: 辯天 / 辨天), is a Japanese Buddhist goddess who originated mainly from Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of speech, the arts, and learning, with certain traits deriving from the warr... | Benzaiten is enshrined on numerous locations throughout Japan; for example, the Enoshima Island in Sagami Bay, the Chikubu Island in Lake Biwa and the Itsukushima Island in Seto Inland Sea (Japan's Three Great Benzaiten Shrines); and she and a five-headed dragon are the central figures of the Enoshima Engi, a history o... | [] | [
"Shrines"
] | [
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"Biwa players",
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"Commerce goddesses",
"Abundance goddesses",
"Fortune goddesses",
"Japanese dragons",
"Japanese goddesses",
"Knowledge goddesses",
"Sea and river goddesses",
"Water goddesses",
"Shinbutsu shūgō",
"Shinto kami",
"Wisdom goddesses",
"... |
projected-00309079-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzaiten | Benzaiten | See also | Benzaiten (shinjitai: 弁才天 or 弁財天; kyūjitai: 辯才天, 辨才天, or 辨財天, lit. "goddess of eloquence"), also simply known as Benten (shinjitai: 弁天; kyūjitai: 辯天 / 辨天), is a Japanese Buddhist goddess who originated mainly from Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of speech, the arts, and learning, with certain traits deriving from the warr... | Daikokuten
Vaiśravaṇa
Dakini
Buddhist Tenbu (天部) deities
Hinduism in Japan
Seven Lucky Gods
Shinbutsu-shūgō
Three Great Shrines of Benzaiten | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Arts goddesses",
"Biwa players",
"Buddhist goddesses",
"Commerce goddesses",
"Abundance goddesses",
"Fortune goddesses",
"Japanese dragons",
"Japanese goddesses",
"Knowledge goddesses",
"Sea and river goddesses",
"Water goddesses",
"Shinbutsu shūgō",
"Shinto kami",
"Wisdom goddesses",
"... |
projected-00309081-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Forever%20War | The Forever War | Introduction | The Forever War (1974) is a military science fiction novel by American author Joe Haldeman, telling the contemplative story about human soldiers fighting an interstellar war against an alien civilization known as the Taurans. It won the Nebula Award in 1975 and the Hugo and Locus awards in 1976. Forever Free (1999) and... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1974 American novels",
"American science fiction novels",
"Anti-war novels",
"Dystopian novels",
"Hugo Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Military science fiction novels",
"Nebula Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Novels by Joe Haldeman",
"Novels first published in serial form",
"1974 scie... | |
projected-00309081-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Forever%20War | The Forever War | Plot summary | The Forever War (1974) is a military science fiction novel by American author Joe Haldeman, telling the contemplative story about human soldiers fighting an interstellar war against an alien civilization known as the Taurans. It won the Nebula Award in 1975 and the Hugo and Locus awards in 1976. Forever Free (1999) and... | William Mandella is a physics student conscripted for an elite task force in the United Nations Exploratory Force being assembled for a war against the Taurans, an alien species discovered when they apparently attacked human colonists' ships. The UNEF ground troops are sent out for reconnaissance and revenge. The elite... | [] | [
"Plot summary"
] | [
"1974 American novels",
"American science fiction novels",
"Anti-war novels",
"Dystopian novels",
"Hugo Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Military science fiction novels",
"Nebula Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Novels by Joe Haldeman",
"Novels first published in serial form",
"1974 scie... |
projected-00309081-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Forever%20War | The Forever War | Reception and interpretation | The Forever War (1974) is a military science fiction novel by American author Joe Haldeman, telling the contemplative story about human soldiers fighting an interstellar war against an alien civilization known as the Taurans. It won the Nebula Award in 1975 and the Hugo and Locus awards in 1976. Forever Free (1999) and... | The novel is widely perceived to be a portrayal of the author's military service during the Vietnam War, and has been called an account of his war experiences written through a space opera filter. Other hints of the autobiographical nature of the work are the protagonist's surname, Mandella, which is a near-anagram of ... | [] | [
"Reception and interpretation"
] | [
"1974 American novels",
"American science fiction novels",
"Anti-war novels",
"Dystopian novels",
"Hugo Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Military science fiction novels",
"Nebula Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Novels by Joe Haldeman",
"Novels first published in serial form",
"1974 scie... |
projected-00309081-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Forever%20War | The Forever War | Connection to Starship Troopers | The Forever War (1974) is a military science fiction novel by American author Joe Haldeman, telling the contemplative story about human soldiers fighting an interstellar war against an alien civilization known as the Taurans. It won the Nebula Award in 1975 and the Hugo and Locus awards in 1976. Forever Free (1999) and... | The Forever War is popularly thought to be a direct reply to Hugo award-winning future war novel Starship Troopers by Robert Heinlein. While Haldeman has stated that The Forever War is actually a result of his experiences in the Vietnam War, he has admitted to being influenced by Heinlein's work. Haldeman said that he... | [] | [
"Reception and interpretation",
"Connection to Starship Troopers"
] | [
"1974 American novels",
"American science fiction novels",
"Anti-war novels",
"Dystopian novels",
"Hugo Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Military science fiction novels",
"Nebula Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Novels by Joe Haldeman",
"Novels first published in serial form",
"1974 scie... |
projected-00309081-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Forever%20War | The Forever War | Editions | The Forever War (1974) is a military science fiction novel by American author Joe Haldeman, telling the contemplative story about human soldiers fighting an interstellar war against an alien civilization known as the Taurans. It won the Nebula Award in 1975 and the Hugo and Locus awards in 1976. Forever Free (1999) and... | The Forever War was originally written as Haldeman's MFA thesis for the Iowa Writer's Workshop. It was first published as a serial in Analog Magazine before its first book publication in 1974. Since then, many editions of The Forever War have been published. Editions published prior to 1991 were abridged for space by t... | [] | [
"Editions"
] | [
"1974 American novels",
"American science fiction novels",
"Anti-war novels",
"Dystopian novels",
"Hugo Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Military science fiction novels",
"Nebula Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Novels by Joe Haldeman",
"Novels first published in serial form",
"1974 scie... |
projected-00309081-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Forever%20War | The Forever War | Stage play | The Forever War (1974) is a military science fiction novel by American author Joe Haldeman, telling the contemplative story about human soldiers fighting an interstellar war against an alien civilization known as the Taurans. It won the Nebula Award in 1975 and the Hugo and Locus awards in 1976. Forever Free (1999) and... | Stuart Gordon adapted the novel for Chicago's Organic Theater Company in 1983, in part as a reaction to what Gordon considered the "ultra-sanitized video game" style Star Wars brought to science fiction. The play starred Bruce A. Young as William Mandella. | [] | [
"Adaptations",
"Stage play"
] | [
"1974 American novels",
"American science fiction novels",
"Anti-war novels",
"Dystopian novels",
"Hugo Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Military science fiction novels",
"Nebula Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Novels by Joe Haldeman",
"Novels first published in serial form",
"1974 scie... |
projected-00309081-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Forever%20War | The Forever War | Game | The Forever War (1974) is a military science fiction novel by American author Joe Haldeman, telling the contemplative story about human soldiers fighting an interstellar war against an alien civilization known as the Taurans. It won the Nebula Award in 1975 and the Hugo and Locus awards in 1976. Forever Free (1999) and... | Mayfair Games published a board game based on the novel in 1983. | [] | [
"Adaptations",
"Game"
] | [
"1974 American novels",
"American science fiction novels",
"Anti-war novels",
"Dystopian novels",
"Hugo Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Military science fiction novels",
"Nebula Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Novels by Joe Haldeman",
"Novels first published in serial form",
"1974 scie... |
projected-00309081-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Forever%20War | The Forever War | Graphic novel | The Forever War (1974) is a military science fiction novel by American author Joe Haldeman, telling the contemplative story about human soldiers fighting an interstellar war against an alien civilization known as the Taurans. It won the Nebula Award in 1975 and the Hugo and Locus awards in 1976. Forever Free (1999) and... | Belgian comic writer Marvano has, in cooperation with Haldeman, created a graphic novel trilogy of The Forever War. With some very minor changes and omissions to storyline and setting, it faithfully adapts the same themes in visual style. The series was translated into various languages, and had a follow-up trilogy con... | [] | [
"Adaptations",
"Graphic novel"
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"1974 American novels",
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"Dystopian novels",
"Hugo Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Military science fiction novels",
"Nebula Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Novels by Joe Haldeman",
"Novels first published in serial form",
"1974 scie... |
projected-00309081-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Forever%20War | The Forever War | Film | The Forever War (1974) is a military science fiction novel by American author Joe Haldeman, telling the contemplative story about human soldiers fighting an interstellar war against an alien civilization known as the Taurans. It won the Nebula Award in 1975 and the Hugo and Locus awards in 1976. Forever Free (1999) and... | In 1988, Richard Edlund (who won Visual Effects Oscars for Star Wars, Empire, Raiders, Jedi) began to option the rights to the Forever War. In October 1994, he bought the rights to the property. In 2008, he optioned the rights to Ridley Scott who announced that, after a 25-year wait for the rights to become available, ... | [] | [
"Adaptations",
"Film"
] | [
"1974 American novels",
"American science fiction novels",
"Anti-war novels",
"Dystopian novels",
"Hugo Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Military science fiction novels",
"Nebula Award for Best Novel-winning works",
"Novels by Joe Haldeman",
"Novels first published in serial form",
"1974 scie... |
projected-00309084-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maury%20Yeston | Maury Yeston | Introduction | Maury Yeston (born October 23, 1945) is an American composer, lyricist and music theorist.
He is known as the initiator of new Broadway musicals and writing their music and lyrics, as well as a classical orchestral and ballet composer, Yale University professor, and prominent Music Theorist authoring landmark works in... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"20th-century American composers",
"1945 births",
"American musical theatre composers",
"Jewish American composers",
"Jewish American songwriters",
"Broadway composers and lyricists",
"Living people",
"Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey",
"American people of English descent",
"Yale College alu... | |
projected-00309084-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maury%20Yeston | Maury Yeston | Early years | Maury Yeston (born October 23, 1945) is an American composer, lyricist and music theorist.
He is known as the initiator of new Broadway musicals and writing their music and lyrics, as well as a classical orchestral and ballet composer, Yale University professor, and prominent Music Theorist authoring landmark works in... | Yeston was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. His English-born father, David, founded the Dial Import Corporation, an importing and exporting firm, and his mother, Frances, helped run the business. But the family loved music. His father sang English music hall songs, and his mother was an accomplished pianist. Yeston ... | [] | [
"Life and career",
"Early years"
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"20th-century American composers",
"1945 births",
"American musical theatre composers",
"Jewish American composers",
"Jewish American songwriters",
"Broadway composers and lyricists",
"Living people",
"Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey",
"American people of English descent",
"Yale College alu... |
projected-00309084-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maury%20Yeston | Maury Yeston | Musical theatre career | Maury Yeston (born October 23, 1945) is an American composer, lyricist and music theorist.
He is known as the initiator of new Broadway musicals and writing their music and lyrics, as well as a classical orchestral and ballet composer, Yale University professor, and prominent Music Theorist authoring landmark works in... | Nine and La Cage
While teaching at Yale, Yeston continued to attend the BMI workshop principally to work on his project, begun in 1973, to write a musical inspired by Federico Fellini's 1963 film 8½. As a teenager, Yeston had seen the film, about a film director suffering a midlife crisis and a creativity drought, and... | [
"CANTATA PHOTO.jpg"
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"Life and career",
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"Jewish American composers",
"Jewish American songwriters",
"Broadway composers and lyricists",
"Living people",
"Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey",
"American people of English descent",
"Yale College alu... |
projected-00309084-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maury%20Yeston | Maury Yeston | Family | Maury Yeston (born October 23, 1945) is an American composer, lyricist and music theorist.
He is known as the initiator of new Broadway musicals and writing their music and lyrics, as well as a classical orchestral and ballet composer, Yale University professor, and prominent Music Theorist authoring landmark works in... | In 1995, Yeston married Julianne Waldhelm. He has three sons: Jake, Max, and Alex. | [] | [
"Life and career",
"Family"
] | [
"20th-century American composers",
"1945 births",
"American musical theatre composers",
"Jewish American composers",
"Jewish American songwriters",
"Broadway composers and lyricists",
"Living people",
"Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey",
"American people of English descent",
"Yale College alu... |
projected-00309084-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maury%20Yeston | Maury Yeston | Work | Maury Yeston (born October 23, 1945) is an American composer, lyricist and music theorist.
He is known as the initiator of new Broadway musicals and writing their music and lyrics, as well as a classical orchestral and ballet composer, Yale University professor, and prominent Music Theorist authoring landmark works in... | Broadway
Nine (1982; revived 2003)
Grand Hotel (1989)
Titanic (1997)
The Royal Family (2009)
Off-Broadway
Cloud Nine, (1981, incidental music for the Caryl Churchill work. Theatre de Lys in NYC and production in Chicago)
In the Beginning (1987; workshopped as 1-2-3-4-5 at Manhattan Theatre Club) Book by Larry Gelbart
... | [] | [
"Work"
] | [
"20th-century American composers",
"1945 births",
"American musical theatre composers",
"Jewish American composers",
"Jewish American songwriters",
"Broadway composers and lyricists",
"Living people",
"Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey",
"American people of English descent",
"Yale College alu... |
projected-00309084-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maury%20Yeston | Maury Yeston | Awards and recognition | Maury Yeston (born October 23, 1945) is an American composer, lyricist and music theorist.
He is known as the initiator of new Broadway musicals and writing their music and lyrics, as well as a classical orchestral and ballet composer, Yale University professor, and prominent Music Theorist authoring landmark works in... | Tony Award for Best Original Score (1982) (Nine)
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music (1982) (Nine)
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics (1982) (Nine)
Nominee for Tony Award for Best Original Score in 1990 (Grand Hotel)
Nominee for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music in 1990 (Grand Hotel)
Nominee for t... | [] | [
"Awards and recognition"
] | [
"20th-century American composers",
"1945 births",
"American musical theatre composers",
"Jewish American composers",
"Jewish American songwriters",
"Broadway composers and lyricists",
"Living people",
"Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey",
"American people of English descent",
"Yale College alu... |
projected-00309084-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maury%20Yeston | Maury Yeston | Discography | Maury Yeston (born October 23, 1945) is an American composer, lyricist and music theorist.
He is known as the initiator of new Broadway musicals and writing their music and lyrics, as well as a classical orchestral and ballet composer, Yale University professor, and prominent Music Theorist authoring landmark works in... | Nine : original Broadway cast (1982; Grammy Award nomination), Nine 2003 Broadway revival cast (2004; Grammy Award nomination) London Festival Hall Concert and others in French, German, Dutch, Japanese, Swedish and Polish
The Film version of Nine, (Soundtrack recording): Daniel Day-Lewis, Marion Cotillard, Penélope Cru... | [] | [
"Discography"
] | [
"20th-century American composers",
"1945 births",
"American musical theatre composers",
"Jewish American composers",
"Jewish American songwriters",
"Broadway composers and lyricists",
"Living people",
"Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey",
"American people of English descent",
"Yale College alu... |
projected-00309084-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maury%20Yeston | Maury Yeston | References | Maury Yeston (born October 23, 1945) is an American composer, lyricist and music theorist.
He is known as the initiator of new Broadway musicals and writing their music and lyrics, as well as a classical orchestral and ballet composer, Yale University professor, and prominent Music Theorist authoring landmark works in... | Laurents, Arthur. Mainly on Directing: Gypsy, West Side Story, and Other Musicals, New York: Knopf (2009). | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"20th-century American composers",
"1945 births",
"American musical theatre composers",
"Jewish American composers",
"Jewish American songwriters",
"Broadway composers and lyricists",
"Living people",
"Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey",
"American people of English descent",
"Yale College alu... |
projected-00309084-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maury%20Yeston | Maury Yeston | Further reading | Maury Yeston (born October 23, 1945) is an American composer, lyricist and music theorist.
He is known as the initiator of new Broadway musicals and writing their music and lyrics, as well as a classical orchestral and ballet composer, Yale University professor, and prominent Music Theorist authoring landmark works in... | New York Times, May 9, 1982, sect.2, pp. 1, 24; May 10, 1982, p. C13; May 23, 1982; pp. D3, 23; May 23, 1997, sect. 2, p. 6; April 24, 1997, p. C13; June 1, 1997, sect. 2, p. 1; June 2, 1997, p. B1, July 20, 1997, sect. 2, p. 5.
Newsweek, May 5, 1997, p. 70-73.
Rubato and The Middleground | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"20th-century American composers",
"1945 births",
"American musical theatre composers",
"Jewish American composers",
"Jewish American songwriters",
"Broadway composers and lyricists",
"Living people",
"Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey",
"American people of English descent",
"Yale College alu... |
projected-00309087-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Cambodia | Music of Cambodia | Introduction | The music of Cambodia is derived from a mesh of cultural traditions dating back to the ancient Khmer Empire, India, China and the original indigenous tribes living in the area before the arrival of Indian and Chinese travelers. With the rapid Westernization of popular music, Cambodian music has incorporated elements fr... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Cambodian music"
] | |
projected-00309087-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Cambodia | Music of Cambodia | Folk and classical music | The music of Cambodia is derived from a mesh of cultural traditions dating back to the ancient Khmer Empire, India, China and the original indigenous tribes living in the area before the arrival of Indian and Chinese travelers. With the rapid Westernization of popular music, Cambodian music has incorporated elements fr... | Cambodian Art music is highly influenced by ancient forms as well as Hindu forms. Religious dancing, many of which depict stories and ancient myths, are common in Cambodian culture. Classical Khmer music usually is divided into three parts: pin peat, phleng kar, and mahori, all of which are associated with their religi... | [
"Pierre Dieulefils postcard 1662 crop-Roneats.jpg"
] | [
"Folk and classical music"
] | [
"Cambodian music"
] |
projected-00309087-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Cambodia | Music of Cambodia | Pinpeat | The music of Cambodia is derived from a mesh of cultural traditions dating back to the ancient Khmer Empire, India, China and the original indigenous tribes living in the area before the arrival of Indian and Chinese travelers. With the rapid Westernization of popular music, Cambodian music has incorporated elements fr... | One of the traditional music forms is Pinpeat (), in which an orchestra or musical ensemble performs the ceremonial music of the royal courts and temples of Cambodia. The royal orchestra would accompany the classical ballets, both male (Lokhon Khol) and female (Apsara), as well as the Grand Theater of Shadows, the Sbek... | [
"Roneat1.jpg"
] | [
"Folk and classical music",
"Pinpeat"
] | [
"Cambodian music"
] |
projected-00309087-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Cambodia | Music of Cambodia | Mahori | The music of Cambodia is derived from a mesh of cultural traditions dating back to the ancient Khmer Empire, India, China and the original indigenous tribes living in the area before the arrival of Indian and Chinese travelers. With the rapid Westernization of popular music, Cambodian music has incorporated elements fr... | Another form of traditional music was mahori music, which was the entertainment music of the courts of Cambodia, Siam and Laos. While the pinpeat music was religious and "for deities", the mohori music was made for noblemen, focusing on themes and moods to "delight their souls." This music "favors soft instruments", in... | [] | [
"Folk and classical music",
"Mahori"
] | [
"Cambodian music"
] |
projected-00309087-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Cambodia | Music of Cambodia | Arak | The music of Cambodia is derived from a mesh of cultural traditions dating back to the ancient Khmer Empire, India, China and the original indigenous tribes living in the area before the arrival of Indian and Chinese travelers. With the rapid Westernization of popular music, Cambodian music has incorporated elements fr... | Arak (araak, areak, aareak) music was music for religious and healing purposes, dating to "animist spiritual beliefs" of ancient Cambodia. Traditionally it was used to "drive out illness," and used flute, drum, tro, chapei and kse diev. | [] | [
"Folk and classical music",
"Arak"
] | [
"Cambodian music"
] |
projected-00309087-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Cambodia | Music of Cambodia | Cambodian rock and pop | The music of Cambodia is derived from a mesh of cultural traditions dating back to the ancient Khmer Empire, India, China and the original indigenous tribes living in the area before the arrival of Indian and Chinese travelers. With the rapid Westernization of popular music, Cambodian music has incorporated elements fr... | Starting in the late 1950s, Head of State Norodom Sihanouk, a musician himself, encouraged the development of popular music in Cambodia. Initially, pop records from France and Latin America were imported into the country and became popular, inspiring a flourishing music scene based in Phnom Penh and led by singers like... | [
"Sinn Sisamouth.jpg",
"Khmermusicboxing.wav"
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"Cambodian rock and pop"
] | [
"Cambodian music"
] |
projected-00309089-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | Introduction | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a minority achieving normal levels of independence. Dependent personali... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Cluster C personality disorders"
] | |
projected-00309089-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | Signs and symptoms | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a minority achieving normal levels of independence. Dependent personali... | People who have dependent personality disorder are overdependent on other people when it comes to making decisions. They cannot make a decision on their own as they need constant approval from other people. Consequently, individuals diagnosed with DPD tend to place needs and opinions of others above their own as they d... | [] | [
"Signs and symptoms"
] | [
"Cluster C personality disorders"
] |
projected-00309089-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | Risk factors | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a minority achieving normal levels of independence. Dependent personali... | People with a history of neglect and an abusive upbringing are more susceptible to develop DPD, specifically those involved in long-term abusive relationships. Those with overprotective or authoritarian parents are also more at risk to develop DPD. Having a family history of anxiety disorder can play a role in the deve... | [] | [
"Risk factors"
] | [
"Cluster C personality disorders"
] |
projected-00309089-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | Causes | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a minority achieving normal levels of independence. Dependent personali... | The exact cause of dependent personality disorder is unknown. A study in 2012 estimated that between 55% and 72% of the risk of the condition is inherited from one's parents. The difference between a "dependent personality" and a "dependent personality disorder" is somewhat subjective, which makes diagnosis sensitive t... | [] | [
"Causes"
] | [
"Cluster C personality disorders"
] |
projected-00309089-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | Diagnosis | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a minority achieving normal levels of independence. Dependent personali... | Clinicians and clinical researchers conceptualize dependent personality disorder in terms of four related components:
Cognitive: a perception of oneself as powerless and ineffectual, coupled with the belief that other people are comparatively powerful and potent.
Motivational: a desire to obtain and maintain relation... | [] | [
"Diagnosis"
] | [
"Cluster C personality disorders"
] |
projected-00309089-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | American Psychiatric Association and DSM | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a minority achieving normal levels of independence. Dependent personali... | The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) contains a dependent personality disorder diagnosis. It refers to a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of which leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation. This begins prior to early adulthood and can be present in a varie... | [] | [
"Diagnosis",
"American Psychiatric Association and DSM"
] | [
"Cluster C personality disorders"
] |
projected-00309089-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | World Health Organization | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a minority achieving normal levels of independence. Dependent personali... | The World Health Organization's ICD-10 lists dependent personality disorder as Dependent personality disorder:
It is characterized by at least 4 of the following:
Encouraging or allowing others to make most of one's important life decisions;
Subordination of one's own needs to those of others on whom one is depend... | [] | [
"Diagnosis",
"World Health Organization"
] | [
"Cluster C personality disorders"
] |
projected-00309089-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | SWAP-200 | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a minority achieving normal levels of independence. Dependent personali... | The SWAP-200 is a diagnostic tool that was proposed with the goal of overcoming limitations, such as limited external validity for the diagnostic criteria for dependent personality disorder, to the DSM. It serves as a possible alternative nosological system that emerged from the efforts to create an empirically based a... | [] | [
"Diagnosis",
"SWAP-200"
] | [
"Cluster C personality disorders"
] |
projected-00309089-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a minority achieving normal levels of independence. Dependent personali... | The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM) approaches dependent personality disorder in a descriptive, rather than prescriptive sense and has received empirical support. The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual includes two different types of dependent personality disorder:
Passive-aggressive
Counter-dependent
The PDM-2 a... | [] | [
"Diagnosis",
"Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual"
] | [
"Cluster C personality disorders"
] |
projected-00309089-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | Differential diagnosis | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a minority achieving normal levels of independence. Dependent personali... | There are similarities between individuals with dependent personality disorder and individuals with borderline personality disorder, in that they both have a fear of abandonment. Those with dependent personality disorder do not exhibit impulsive behaviour, unstable affect, and poor self-image experienced by those with ... | [] | [
"Diagnosis",
"Differential diagnosis"
] | [
"Cluster C personality disorders"
] |
projected-00309089-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | Treatment | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a minority achieving normal levels of independence. Dependent personali... | People who have DPD are generally treated with psychotherapy. The main goal of this therapy is to make the individual more independent and help them form healthy relationships with the people around them. This is done by improving their self-esteem and confidence.
Medication can be used to treat patients with depressi... | [] | [
"Treatment"
] | [
"Cluster C personality disorders"
] |
projected-00309089-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | Epidemiology | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a minority achieving normal levels of independence. Dependent personali... | Based on a recent survey of 43,093 Americans, 0.49% of adults meet diagnostic criteria for DPD (National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions; NESARC; Grant et al., 2004).
Traits related to DPD, like most personality disorders, emerge in childhood or early adulthood. Findings from the NESArC study fo... | [] | [
"Epidemiology"
] | [
"Cluster C personality disorders"
] |