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This Bio-Connections lesson plan also includes: Third graders read a variety of biographies and write an original summary biography on a person of their choice. They edit and prepare a final copy of their biography and include scanned illustrations. 6 Views 7 Downloads Classroom Considerations
4.4 Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables The graphical form of the probability distribution for a continuous random variable x is a smooth curve that might appear as shown in Figure 4.13. This curve, a function of x, is denoted by the symbol f(x) and is variously called a probability density function, a frequency function, or a probability distribution. The areas under a probability distribution correspond to probabilities for x. For example, the area A beneath the curve between the two points a and b, as shown in Figure 4.13, is the probability that x assumes a value between a and b(a<x<b). Because there is no area over a single point, say, x=a, it follows that (according to our model) the probability associated with ... Get A First Course in Statistics, 12th Edition now with O’Reilly online learning.
FTP and PF Most modern application protocols run over a single network connection. If you make a web request, your browser opens a connection to the server on port 80, requests information, and receives the answer, all on the same connection. SSH opens a single connection on port 22 and exchanges all information over that port, even if you tunnel a hundred other protocols inside it. Experience and experiments with older protocols taught the wisdom of this approach. FTP is an older protocol, and it provides a wealth of experience on how not to do things. The original version of FTP (today called active FTP) required the client to connect to the server on port 21. The server would then open a connection back to the client, from port 20 to some ... Get Absolute OpenBSD, 2nd Edition now with O’Reilly online learning.
CAT5 versus CAT6 CAT5 versus CAT6 When we think of recent technology advances, we’re likely to first consider upgrades to computer and video technology. But the cables that connect these devices together is also evolving. CAT5 and CAT6 cables are most notoriously used to connect network components such as computers, servers and modems. They’ve seen significant enhancements in recent years enabling greater performance. Here’s a rundown on how they currently stack up. CAT5 cables CAT5 cables are divided into two categories: CAT5 and CAT5e. However, in recent years, CAT5 cables are becoming obsolete due enhancements in other cabling. This cable can process up to 10/100 Mbps at a bandwidth of 100MHz, a speed that was once fast enough for most businesses. Now, newer CAT cables can process faster speeds. Specifically, CAT5e cables (the “e” stands for “enhanced”) became the new standard over the past decade with remarkable performance compared to the old CAT5 cable, including up to 10 times faster speeds with minimal crosstalk. CAT6 cables CAT6 cables can handle up to 10 Gb of data, but their bandwidth is limited to 164 feet. Beyond that distance, they will only process 1 Gb, like their predecessor—the CAT5e cable. CAT6e cables are the most recent development with a thick, plastic casing works to eliminate crosstalk. They can also maintain 10 Gb speed of data transfer for 328 feet. CAT6 cables also have a tighter twist in the cables, which allows for two-way communication on each pair of wires—something that isn’t possible with CAT5e cabling. Crosstalk explained Electronics emit electromagnetic signals, which takes place when many cables are close to each other and interfere. This interference in cabling is referred to as crosstalk. It can amplify errors and lost data. Newer CAT cables are able to reduce the amount of crosstalk with a twisted cable design and better shielding. Which cable should I use in my business’ network? Both CAT5 and CAT6 cables use the same end piece, meaning they can plug into the same ports. This is known as an RJ-45 end, which will be able to plug into the same Ethernet jack on all of your computers, routers and switches. This is a feature that isn’t predicted to end soon, meaning the difference in these cables stems from the performance elements noted above. The most future-proofed businesses will require a CAT6e cable, but many smaller businesses will find that CAT5e and CAT6 cables are sufficient. But with many businesses moving their servers to the cloud, internal networking is shrinking and companies are instead requiring higher Internet speeds to access and store their files. Ultimately, network cabling isn’t a one-size-fits-all situation. Commercial users will have different demands when it comes to Internet speeds, system requirements and performance. No matter what type of cable you need for your business, Panopticon Solutions has got you covered. We have almost a decade of experience installing, updating and maintaining cabling systems in the Greater Toronto Area, and our expert technicians will ensure your network’s cabling is reliable, safe and secure. For more information about network cabling, give us a call at: 647-706-8650. 2019-02-08T22:17:52-05:00 February 5th, 2019\|Cat5e, cat6, Network Cabling, What's New\|0 Comments Call Now ButtonReach us by Phone
Professional POS Hardware Manufacturer » Support The difference between thermal and thermal transfer barcode printers June 8, 2013 Barcode printers are a type of generating device commonly used in labels and barcode production equipment. They have thermal and thermal transfer printing modes. So, what is the difference between thermal and thermal transfer barcode printers? 1. Different printing supplies Supplies for thermal printers: Thermal paper. Thermal paper is coated with a layer that reacts with heat and discolors, similar to a photographic film. However, this layer of coating discolors when exposed to heat. This characteristic of the heat-sensitive coating is used to generate heat. Sensitive printing technology; (Note: Thermal printers can only use dedicated thermal paper) Consumables used in thermal transfer printers: label paper, PET, PVC, water mark, tag, and other label media, and can also be printed using thermal paper; 2. Different shelf life The media printed by the thermal printer does not last long, generally six months! (Specifically depends on the storage location, luminosity, temperature and other circumstances determine the actual shelf life); The media printed by the thermal transfer machine has a longer storage time, generally more than two years (depending on the quality of the label paper and ribbon used); 3. The cost is different: The cost of thermal machines is lower, and the cost of consumables is lower; the cost of thermal transfer machines and the cost of consumables are higher than the cost of thermal machines; 4. The use of different Thermal printers are suitable for companies that do not require high bar codes in supermarkets, clothing stores, logistics, and retail trades; Thermal transfer printers are suitable for manufacturing, automotive, textile, telecommunications, food, electronics, chemical, pharmaceutical, medical, utilities, retail distribution, transportation and logistics, government agencies, and more enterprise; In contrast, thermal printing does not seem to require a ribbon, which is economical. In fact, thermal printing requires the use of a thermal paper medium, which is much more expensive than ordinary paper. In order to save money, some users try to buy the cheapest media on the Internet or cheap sellers. This approach may save a limited amount of money, but inferior materials may reduce the life of the print head, affect print quality, and often lead to higher total costs. The builder hereby advises the user to look for the printer manufacturer’s designated brand when purchasing the print media separately so as to avoid unnecessary losses. Maybe you like also • Product Categories Touch Screen POS All in One POS Portable POS Point of sale box Touch Screen Monitor Thermal Receipt Printer Cash Drawer • Main Products T Series height adjustable POS X Series Modular design POS J Series slim body POS S Series popular POS E Series all in one POS Point of sale box • Company About Sunany Our history Factory Overview • Contact Us TEL: +86 755 84877890 Mobile：+86 134 22857986
Congratulations, you have a new little bean in your household! If your tiny one seems ravenous all the time, it’s because they are. Babies have a lot of growing and developing to do! average baby weight, baby development How much weight should a breastfed baby put on each week? In an average, babies need to gain 150 grams to 200 grams from birth to three months per week. It's a average baby weight It generally allow for 2 week time frame after birth to regain their birth weight. From 3 to 6 months they should gain of 100-150 grams weight per week. From 6 to 12 months they should gain of 70-90 grams weight per week. Some babies gain a lot of weight quickly. According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) child growth standards, overall, boys gain weight faster than girls. In the first 5 months of life, your baby will about double their birth weight, It's a average baby weight By the time they’re 1 year old, most babies triple their birth weight. But just like adults, babies come in all sizes and body types. Squishiness and “rolls” can be normal and healthy for babies Other babies might have leaner body types and appear thinner. This may also be completely normal. Your pediatrician will weigh your baby regularly during well visits To make sure they’re within the range of normal weight gain for their length and age. It’s OK if your baby is off the charts sometimes — every baby is a little bit different and each gain weight at their own speed, It's there average baby weight. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), - Still, up until age 2, physicians use the WHO growth charts as the standard growth curve for both breastfed and formula-fed babies. In general, here’s what you can expect for your baby’s weight gain by week: Breastfed babies Generally, breastfed newborns gain weight faster than formula-fed babies for the first 3 months of life. One likely reason for this is that breast milk is a dynamic and ever-changing food, composed of the exact nutrition a baby needs at that stage. On the other hand, formula is a static composition of ingredients. For the same reason, the amount of pumped breast milk a baby receives in a bottle will sometimes differ than the amount of formula a baby of the same age receives. When formula-fed babies need more calories, they must drink more at each feeding. Breast milk, however, will change in its composition and caloric content depending on the baby’s needs. On average, breastfed babies drink around 800 milliliters (27 ounces) of milk per day in the first 6 months of life. As a rule of thumb, feed your breastfed baby on demand so they receive all the calories and nutrients they need. How much breast milk should I put in a bottle? A lot of breastfeeding parents returning to work want to know how much milk they should leave for their babies while they’re gone. If you’re planning to bottle-feed expressed milk, expect to give your baby about an ounce of milk per hour. So, if you’re working an 8-hour day, for example, your baby might consume two 4-ounce bottles or three 3-ounce bottles during the time you’re gone. Of course, this may depend on your baby’s age and how much they typically drink in a feeding. But in general, this will give you a baseline from which you can adjust to suit your baby’s needs. If you’re breastfeeding exclusively, you may need to track your baby’s weight a bit more carefully in the early weeks. Weight gain is one way to determine how well breastfeeding is going it’s not only a sign of how much milk you’re producing, but how well your baby is extracting the milk from the breast. Formula-fed babies Babies who are formula fed generally gain weight faster than breastfed babies It's a average baby weight, after the first 3 months of life. But it’s also easier to accidentally overfeed your baby at times. This is because you’re more likely to keep feeding until the bottle is empty, even if your baby is already full. Sometimes momma’s eyes are bigger than baby’s stomach! In fact, a 2016 study found that using a bigger bottle to feed formula to your baby can lead to faster weight gain in babies under 6 months old. The researchers checked the weight of 386 two-month old babies. They found that babies who were fed with bottles 6 ounces or bigger were about 0.21 kilograms heavier than babies fed with smaller bottles. This is kind of like adults eating from a smaller plate to feel fuller faster and avoid overeating! Almost all babies lose some weight in the first week after birth. Don’t worry, though. As long as they’re feeding appropriately, they will quickly make up for it in coming weeks. Most babies lose an average of 7 to 10 percent of their birth weight in the first few days. Ideally, they should be back to their birth weight by 10–14 days after birth. If not, be sure to speak with your pediatrician and possibly a lactation consultant to see if there are underlying problems with feeding. If you experience breastfeeding challenges If you experience breastfeeding challenges in the first few days after birth, you’re completely normal! Breastfeeding is often more complex than new parents expect. Seek the help of a lactation consultant if you’re experiencing any of the following: • Your baby doesn’t latch on deep enough, or it’s painful for mama • Suckling seems weak during breastfeeding • Baby’s urine is dark yellow • There’s red-brown “dust” in your baby’s diaper • You hear clicking or gagging when baby is drinking • Your baby doesn’t have at least 2 to 4 poopy diapers a day • Your baby is extra sleepy at the breast or has low energy • Baby has a weak cry • Your baby looks a bit yellow or has other signs of jaundice • There are other signs of dehydration in your baby Weighing your baby regularly — at home or at your doctor’s office is important because any amount of healthy weight gain is a sign that your baby is feeding well. If your newborn hasn’t gained back their birth weight by day 10 to 14, has lost too much weight, or growth is too slow, your pediatrician, often along with a lactation consultant, can help. And, if you find you need to supplement with formula, don’t stress! You’re not alone. Do formula fed babies gain weight faster then breastfed babies? The answer is yes but only after 6 to 12 month from birth. Breastfeeding offers numerous benefits in gaining weight And your baby will still take advantage of them no matter how much breast milk they receive. Babies gain weight and grow quickly in their first year. But weight gain can happen at different speeds and ranges for each little one. Your baby’s weight gain depends on a lot of things, including genetics, how active they are, and whether you’re breastfeeding, formula feeding, or both. Use the right growth chart and weighing methods to track your baby’s growth. Don’t worry if your baby’s growth curve looks a little different than average. Talk to your doctor if you’re concerned, but as long as your baby is consistently gaining weight at their own pace, they’re doing just fine. Post a comment
What is The Role Of A Machine Learning Engineer? Want create site? Find Free WordPress Themes and plugins. However, to know what exactly machine learning engineer do you need to can find out their role, duties and actual task performed by such professionals. Sometimes Machine learning engineers also called data scientist as they study and transform the data science prototypes and algorithms while working on ML-based modles. Similarly, there are many other responsibilities machine learning engineers perform. They do coding and develop a model using the machine learning training data and algorithms at the same time also responsible to validate the model predictions to ensure the accuracy. To know what exactly machine learning engineers do, find the points given below. Duties and Role of Machine Learning Engineer: • Choosing the Training Data and Right Algorithms • Data Analysis and Extraction of Key Statistics • Machine Learning Coding and Programming • Machine Learning Model Training and Development • Design ML Model Architecture and Solution • ML Model Development as per the Customize Needs • Involve in Machine Learning Model Testing and Deployment • Collaborate with data scientist and engineers to build data sets • Troubleshooting the Machine Learning Model Testing Issues Machine Learning Engineer Machine learning engineers basically do the job of model development but to carryout that process they also need to follow the various other task and duties. AI or ML-oriented companies hire machine learning engineers for their remote locations to develop a fully functional machine learning model as per their needs and also keep working on such models to improve its performance and accuracy for better use and applicability into various fields. Machine learning engineers are well aware with types and quality of training data required for model developments. These AI engineers also know very well which algorithm and machine learning language would be suitable for building such models. ML engineers also need to involved in ML model validation to make sure the prediction is accurate or not. Working closely with data scientist, ML engineers check and ensure the quality of data sets for training the models using such data providing the AI-backed solutions and systems to end-users. Apart, from developing a ML model machine learning, these are the other crucial tasks a machine learning engineer do while working on a ML or AI-based models. Cogito is one of the company providing high-quality training data sets for machine learning and AI model developments. It is also dedicatedly engaged in collection, classification and labeling of training data needed in various formats. Cogito is specialized in annotation of various types of data including texts, images and videos using the best tools and techniques to make the data recognizable for computer vision and machines. ALSO READ Link Aadhar card yourself to your all mobile number Operator Idea Airtel Vodafone Jio \|अपने सभी मोबाइल नंबर ऑपरेटर आइडिया एयरटेल वोडाफोन को आधार कार्ड से लिंक करें Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
Skip navigation About coronavirus Vaasa as bird habitat The biological conditions in Vaasa offer an excellent bird habitat for both waterfowl and land birds. Both common waterfowl as well as more rare birds from the outer islands thrive in the archipelago. Breeding on the inner islands are the mallard, tufted duck, common goldeneye, red-breasted merganser as well as gulls and terns. On the outer islands more uncommon species breed, such as parasitic jaeger and ruddy turnstone. Common sparrows in the archipelago are northern wheatear, meadow pipit and white wagtail. In the woods on the islands a number of birds can also be found nesting which are common to the mainland. These include the song thrush, redwing, European robin and chaffinch. Eurasian oystercatchers. Photo Jan Nyman. On the outskirts of the city lies the large woodlands of Öjberget, Pilvilampi, Öjen and Risön. During the nesting season one can find a vast array of birds on the forested ridge-areas. Common woodland birds nesting are the great spotted woodpecker, tree pipit and song thrush. In the coniferous forests, the European robin, goldcrest, willow tit and Eurasian jay can be found. The Eurasian pygmy owl thrives in boreal forests. The unbuilt woodland areas, the ridges and valley areas of the landscape structure in Vaasa function together as a protective green zone for vegetation and wildlife. The deciduous forests and waterfront herb rich forests offer the richest birdlife in all of Vaasa. Herb rich forests are rare in Vaasa and their preservation as green space ensures a diverse habitat. Such forests can be found, for example, in Vaskiluoto, Gerby and Suvilahti. There one can find common woodland birds such as chaffinch, garden warbler and redwing. In addition to these, a number of more southern visitors like thrush nightingale, blackcap and wood warbler can often be found nesting in coppices. However, the ‘trademark bird’ of the herb rich groves of Vaasa waterfronts is the rare lesser spotted woodpecker. The main distinguishing features of the City of Vaasa include the sea, sea bays and the city’s close proximity to the coast. The Etäläinen kaupunkiselkä-bay pushes inland and has formed a particularly auspicious area for birdlife: the Sundominlahti-bay. It is an area of importance not only as staging area but also as nesting area during summers for various waterfowl and wetland birds. During summer it is possible to spot several species of nesting wetland birds like Eurasian reed warbler, sedge warbler, reed bunting and the more uncommon grasshopper warbler and bearded reedling. Another distinct characteristic of the Ostrobothnia region are the large areas of farmlands in the countryside. In Vaasa, a unique cultural environment can be found in Söderfjärden, a large cultivated area formed from a meteor crater. Söderfjärden is not only a nationally known staging area but Vaasa’s most diverse farmland birdlife can also be found nesting here. One can observe the grey partridge, northern lapwing, Eurasian curlew, skylark, whinchat and ortolan bunting, etc. Eurasian jays. Photo Jan Nyman. Accompanying humans are nesting cultural landscape birds that thrive in built-up areas, industrial yards, barrens and parks. The most common city-dwelling birds are the white wagtail, rock pigeon, hooded crow and the European magpie. A southeastern newcomer to the area during recent years has been the Eurasian tree sparrow. In just a few decades, this species has spread and multiplied, originating from the southeastern parts of Finland and dispersing all the way to the Arctic Circle. Currently it is as common in Vaasa as its relative the house sparrow. The richest nesting birdlife of Vaasa can be found along the coast. The sea bays, built up areas and waterfront forests form a totality, which attracts a wide variety of birds. Thrushes, chaffinches and the more rare thrush nightingale, lesser spotted woodpecker, blackcap and wood warbler inhabit the waterfront forests. In the sea bays one can spot great crested-and horned grebe, mallard, tufted duck, common goldeneye and common teal, Eurasian oystercatcher as well as gulls and terns. In summary, it can be concluded that Vaasa is an attractive area for birdlife. Vaasa’s location near the sea and the boreal vegetation zone creates a meeting place for both northern and southern species, both of which can be observed upon visiting the area. In the archipelago, one can find the largest number of nesting waterfront birds. The recreational areas offer a diverse variety of woodland birds and city birds are easy to spot. On a spring morning at a waterfront park, nearby forest or the edge of a farmland, one are guaranteed to hear bird song while discovering new experiences from the surrounding nature.
© 2021 WFAE 90.7 Charlotte 93.7 Southern Pines 90.3 Hickory 106.1 Laurinburg Play Live Radio Next Up: Available On Air Stations "It was like pointing a telescope at a new part of the sky," Deisseroth says. "And something really unexpected jumped out at us." We could see, right before our eyes, dissociation happening," Deisseroth says. "One day they were talking about their work and one of the neurosurgeons said, 'Hey, you know, we have a patient,'" Deisseroth says. That gave Deisseroth's team a way to monitor brain cells in the same area they'd been studying in mice. Once again, they found something important. "There was a rhythm that appeared, and it appeared only when the patient was dissociating," Deisseroth says. To confirm their finding, the team delivered pulses of electricity to the areas where they'd seen the rhythm. The patient immediately reported having an out-of-body experience. The research appears to explain how mammal brains are able to temporarily decouple mind and body, though it's still not clear why they have this ability. "In the operating room we'd love to have a drug like ketamine that just produces the pain-killing properties without having these other psychological manifestations," he says. But dissociation can be beneficial, Solt says. "There seems to be this link between dissociation and the anti-depressive effect of ketamine," he says, noting that doses too low to produce even a mildly altered state appear to offer less benefit to people with depression.
Airavati, Airāvatī: 7 definitions In Hinduism Purana and Itihasa (epic history) [«previous next»] — Airavati in Purana glossary Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index Airāvatī (ऐरावती).—(River) A beautiful stream originating from the Himalayas, likened to a lady; served daily by Indra;1 the region surrounding its source described.2 • 1) Matsya-purāṇa 114. 21; 115. 18-19; 116. 1-25. • 2) Matsya-purāṇa 118. 2-70. Purana book cover context information Discover the meaning of airavati in the context of Purana from relevant books on Exotic India Ayurveda (science of life) Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭu Airāvatī (ऐरावती) is another name for Vaṭapatrī, an unidentified medicinal plant, according to verse 5.41-42 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The fifth chapter (parpaṭādi-varga) of this book enumerates sixty varieties of smaller plants (kṣudra-kṣupa). Together with the names Airāvatī and Vaṭapatrī, there are a total of five Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant. Ayurveda book cover context information Discover the meaning of airavati in the context of Ayurveda from relevant books on Exotic India In Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism) Source: Wisdomlib Libary: Vajrayogini Airāvatī (ऐरावती) is the goddess presiding over one of the six petals of the northern lotus of the vārāhyabhyudaya-maṇḍala, according to the Vārāhyabhyudayatantra (largerly extracted from the 10th century Abhidhānottaratantra). These six petals are presided over by a kuleśvarī (presiding lady) named Locanā. The central deity of the vārāhyabhyudaya-maṇḍala is the twelve-armed Vajravarāhī. Airāvatī is associated with the sacred site (pīṭha) named Kāmarūpa. All the goddess of the northern lotus petals are to be visualised as dancing naked and being half-male / half-female (ardhanarīśvarī) with their two sides being black and yellow. In their four arms they brandish a bowl and staff, with a ḍamaru and their familial attribute. Source: A Critical Study of the Vajraḍākamahātantrarāja (II) Airāvatī (ऐरावती) is the name of a Ḍākinī (‘sacred girl’) presiding over Kāmarūpa: one of the four Kṣetras (‘sacred spot’) present within the Vākcakra (‘circle of word’), according to the 9th-centruy Vajraḍākatantra. The Vākcakra is one of three Cakras within the Tricakra system which embodies twenty-four sacred spots or districts resided over by twenty-four Ḍākinīs (viz., Airāvatī) whose husbands abide in one’s body in the form of twenty-four ingredients (dhātu) of one’s body. Airāvatī has for her husband the hero (vīra) named Aṅkulika. She is the presiding deity of Kāmarūpa and the associated internal location are the ‘arm-pits’ and the bodily ingredients (dhātu) are the ‘eyes’. Source: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka Maṇḍala Airāvatī (ऐरावती) is the name of a Ḍākinī who, together with the Vīra (hero) named Aṅkurika forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Vajracakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the vajracakra refers to one of the four divisions of the sahaja-puṭa (‘innate layer’), situated within the padma (lotus) in the middle of the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs [viz., Airāvatī] and Vīras each have one face and four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum and a knife; they are dark-bluish-black in color. Tibetan Buddhism book cover context information Discover the meaning of airavati in the context of Tibetan Buddhism from relevant books on Exotic India Languages of India and abroad Sanskrit dictionary Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary Airāvatī (ऐरावती).—name of a yoginī: Sādhanamālā 427.5. 1) Airāvatī (ऐरावती):—[from airāvata > aira] f. the female of Indra’s elephant 2) [v.s. ...] Name of a river, [Mahābhārata] 3) [v.s. ...] lightning, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] 4) [v.s. ...] a species of fern, [Suśruta] context information Discover the meaning of airavati in the context of Sanskrit from relevant books on Exotic India See also (Relevant definitions) Relevant text Like what you read? Consider supporting this website:
A Traveling Homeland Book Description: A word conventionally imbued with melancholy meanings, "diaspora" has been used variously to describe the cataclysmic historical event of displacement, the subsequent geographical scattering of peoples, or the conditions of alienation abroad and yearning for an ancestral home. But as Daniel Boyarin writes, diaspora may be more constructively construed as a form of cultural hybridity or a mode of analysis. InA Traveling Homeland,he makes the case that a shared homeland or past and traumatic dissociation are not necessary conditions for diaspora and that Jews carry their homeland with them in diaspora, in the form of textual, interpretive communities built around talmudic study. For Boyarin, the Babylonian Talmud is a diasporist manifesto, a text that produces and defines the practices that constitute Jewish diasporic identity. Boyarin examines the ways the Babylonian Talmud imagines its own community and sense of homeland, and he shows how talmudic commentaries from the medieval and early modern periods also produce a doubled cultural identity. He links the ongoing productivity of this bifocal cultural vision to the nature of the book: as the physical text moved between different times and places, the methods of its study developed through contact with surrounding cultures. Ultimately,A Traveling Homelandenvisions talmudic study as the center of a shared Jewish identity and a distinctive feature of the Jewish diaspora that defines it as a thing apart from other cultural migrations. eISBN: 978-0-8122-9139-1 Subjects: Religion
Home Iron Iron Ore Iron ore crushing plant, iron ore beneficiation and mining equipment video, pic, pdf used in india,china, Malaysia... Iron Ore Material Introduction Iron Ore Iron Ore Iron ore mining equipment According to the various sources of iron as well as certain economic and safety aspects in regards to its extraction is included, we provide you with a suitable iron ore mining equipment. The course we provide information of Iron ore processing includes comprehensive information on the beneficiation of iron ore including comminution, sintering, upgrading, and pelletizing aspects. 80tph - 120 tph Project in Malaysia Iron ore mining process iron ore mobile crusher iron ore can be divided into seven categories according to their causes: Maghemite, hematite, magnetite, limonite ,the siderite , pyrite, ilmenite The iron ore is distributed in Algeria,Egypt,Ghana,Kenya,Nigeria,South Africa,Sudan,Zambia,Zimbabwe,China,Russia,Australia,New Zealand,France,Germany,Iceland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Ukraine,United Kingdom,Canada,Cuba,Mexico,United States,Brazil,Chile,Peru,Venezuela, Iron ores are typically used for the production of iron. Then the iron produced is to make steel. Steel is used to make automobiles, locomotives, ships, beams used in buildings, furniture, paper clips, tools, reinforcing rods for concrete, bicycles, and thousands of other items. It is the most-used metal by both tonnage and purpose. Iron Ore Processing Iron ore crushing and screening machine Mining and processing of iron ore involves coarse crushing and screening. Iron ore is beneficiated by crushing and then separating the iron from the gangue minerals through screening. This is usually so efficient that lower grade ore can be treated especially when the magnetite is quite coarse. Common iron ore crushers are jaw crusher, cone crusher and fine jaw crusher. images of iron ore plant images of iron ore plant Dry magnetic separation and wet magnetic separation You will obtain three kind of iron ore particles after screening, respectively of 75~12mm, 12~2mm, 2~0mm in size. The largest ore particles pass to dry magnetic separation with shaking chute, the middle ones are moved to dry magnetic separator with coarse jigging, and the smallest to wet magnetic separator with fine jigging. The middlings produced by three processes are moved to screening process. The tailings of wet magnetic separation will be discharged directly. Grinding and fine crushing machine After the second crushing machine, iron ore particles are moved to secondary crushing and the first ball mill grinding. With fine ore particles, it is more efficient to upgrade iron ore. Wet ball mill and fine ore crushers are used during this process. Spiral classification machine Tow stage spiral classification of close-circuit is conducted, with second ball mill grinding after the second classification. Flotation desulfurization machine The obtained iron ore mines materials are moved to flotation desulfurization process, then to weak magnetic separation. The obtained product is iron ore concentrate. And low iron content material is discharged as tailings. You will also obtain sulphide concentrate as by-product through flotation desulfurization. Iron Ore Plant Line NO． Equipment Model Motor(KW) Number Hopper LC3000X4000 1 I Vibrating Feeder ZSW-380×96 11 1 II Jaw crusher PE-600×900 55 1 III Impact crusher PF1214 132 1 Vibrating screen 3YA1860 22 1 Total Power (KW) 220 click more crushing plant solution Iron Ore Processing Project Video Video of bm iron ore processing plants used in india include iron ore crusher, grinding mill, beneficiation plants and other assistant equipments. Iron ore processing plant works the initial physical treating part. Usually, sbm iron ore processing plants used in india include iron ore crusher, grinding mill, beneficiation plants and other assistant equipments. High productivity and low maintenance are some of the traits that all of SBM’s processing solutions have in common – and that make the daily iron ore process a routine you’re pleased to depend on. As the great majority of iron ore is used to make steel and iron, so the iron ore processing flow is usually of the same and fixed. SBM supply a complete line of iron ore processing production line. Iron Ore Crusher Manufacturer iron ore machinery pictures iron ore machinery pictures Chinese Shanghai SBM design the iron ore mining process flow chart including crushing, screening, washing and grinding process for the iron ore mine in India, Mauritania, Mexico, Ethiopia, Brazil, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Egypt, Australia, Sri Lanka, UAE, Liberia, Nigeria, Guinea, Angola, Indonesia, Iran, Zimbabwe, Sweden, Pakistan, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, USA, Uganda, Colombia, Peru and Canada. If you want to buy best iron ore crusher machine, second hand equipments, portable iron ore crusher, Understanding iron ore crusher price,parts,cost,you can contact our customer service. In the United States, almost all of the iron ore that is mined is used for making steel. The same is true throughout the world. Raw iron by itself is not as strong and hard as needed for construction and other purposes. So, the raw iron is alloyed with a variety of elements (such as tungsten, manganese, nickel, vanadium, chromium) to strengthen and harden it, making useful steel for construction, automobiles, and other forms of transportation such as trucks, trains and train tracks. While the other uses for iron ore and iron are only a very small amount of the consumption, they provide excellent examples of the ingenuity and the multitude of uses that man can create from our natural resources. Powdered iron: used in metallurgy products, magnets, high-frequency cores, auto parts, catalyst. Radioactive iron (iron 59): in medicine, tracer element in biochemical and metallurgical research. Iron blue: in paints, printing inks, plastics, cosmetics (eye shadow), artist colors, laundry blue, paper dyeing, fertilizer ingredient, baked enamel finishes for autos and appliances, industrial finishes. Black iron oxide: as pigment, in polishing compounds, metallurgy, medicine, magnetic inks, in ferrites for electronics industry. Technology Standard Iron ore refers to the the minimum industrial grade rock (or mineral) content of TFe requirements. Iron ore classification In accordance with the characteristics of mineral composition, structure, construction and mining, sorting, Metallurgical and process iron ore is divided into two major categories of the type of natural and industrial type. 1 natural type 1) According to the iron-bearing mineral species can be divided into: magnetite ore, hematite iron ore, the illusion, or semi martite iron ore, vanadium-titanium magnetite ore, limonite, siderite iron ore as well as by one of two or iron mineral composition of two or more kinds of mixed ore. 2) Press the harmful impurities (S, P, Cu, Pb, Zn, V, Ti, Co, Ni, Sn, F, As) content of the high and low, can be divided into high-sulfur iron ore, iron ore of low sulfur, high phosphorus iron ore, low phosphorus iron ore. 3) According to the structure, the structure can be divided into disseminated ore stockwork disseminated ores, striped ore, banded ore, the dense massive ore, brecciated ore and oolitic, bean-shaped, kidney-shaped honeycomb , powder, earthy ore. 4) feeling the pulse minerals can be divided into quartz type, amphibole, pyroxene, plagioclase type, sericite, chlorite type, skarn the actinolite-type, serpentine type, ankerite and jasper iron ore. 2 Industrial Type 1) industrial utilization of iron ore, iron ore in the table, including steelmaking iron ore, iron ore, iron ore need to choose. 2) temporarily can not use industrial iron ore, iron ore, ore iron content in the balance sheet between the lowest industrial grade cut-off grade. Related Reading And Information Of Iron Download Related Topics: stone / sand / coal / gold ore / iron ore Top Need help? Live Chat
When Gayatri Jayanti Is Observed? Why It Is Celebrated? How To Celebrate Gayatri Jayanti? Muhurat Of Gayatri Jayanti 2020 In 2020, Gayatri Jayanti will be celebrated on 2nd June. Gayatri Jayanti is observed as the birth anniversary of Goddess Gayatri. Goddess Gayatri is a consort of Lord Brahma. Goddess Gayatri is also known as Veda Mata i.e. mother of all Vedas. Goddess Gayatri is also known as the goddess of Hindu Trimurti i.e. Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesh. Who Is Goddess Gayatri? Goddess Gayatri is often considered as the mother of all gods and a representation of Goddess Lakshmi, Goddess Parvati, and Goddess Saraswati. It is said that Lord Brahma wanted to perform a Yajna. For Yajna Brahma needed his consort, Goddess Saraswati. Not able to find out Saraswati anywhere, Brahma requested the priest to find any women with whom Brahma can marry and complete the Yajna. Also Read: Nirjala Ekadashi: Significance, Muhurat, Celebration Of NIrjala Ekadashi On the request of Lord Brahma, the priest found out Gayatri and got her married to Brahma. Many also believe that Goddess Gayatri was none other than the incarnation of Goddess Saraswati. Structure Of Goddess Gayatri Picture of Goddess Gayatri Goddess Gayatri sits on the top of the lotus flower. Goddess Gayatri has 5 faces. The 5 faces of Gayatri symbolizes 5 pranas – Prana, Apana, Vyana, Udana and Samana. Each face signifies vital elements of the universe which are earth, fire, air, sky, and the water. Goddess Gayatri has 10 hands and she carries all the weapons of Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesh. Apart from Lord Shiva, Gayatri is the only goddess to have 3 eyes. Also Read: Ahilyabai Holkar Facts And Famous Quotes On Her When Is Gayatri Jayanti Celebrated? Due to differences in opinions, Gayatri Jayanti is celebrated twice a year. Gayatri Jayanti is observed a day after Ganga Dussehra. Gayatri Jayanti is celebrated on Shukla paksha Ekadashi during the Jyeshtha lunar month. Second time, particularly in South India, it is celebrated on Shravana Purnima. Why Is Gayatri Jayanti Celebrated? The day of Gayatri Jayanti is celebrated because it is the day when the goddess appeared for the first time on the earth. Adi Shakti took the form of Gayatri to kill Vetrasur. Also Read: Indian App To Remove Chinese Apps: How “Remove China Apps” Works How To Celebrate Gayatri Jayanti? Bhajans and Kirtans are a must during this day. One must offer prayers and perform pooja towards Goddess Gayatri. At many places, people gather in large groups for ceremonies. Chanting of the Gayatri mantra is a must. One must chant the mantra at least 3 times a day first in the morning, then in the afternoon, and one in the evening. Due to lockdown, it is advisable to follow the Government restrictions. Muhurat During Gayatri Jayanti Tithi begin time: 1st June, 2020 on 02:57 PM; Tithi end time: 2nd June, 2020 on 12:04 PM. Suketu K G One thought on “When Gayatri Jayanti Is Observed? Why It Is Celebrated? How To Celebrate Gayatri Jayanti? Muhurat Of Gayatri Jayanti 2020 Comments are closed.
Quick Answer: What Does End Tidal Co2 Tell You? What does a low co2 reading mean? Reading the Results A low CO2 level can be a sign of several conditions, including: Kidney disease. Diabetic ketoacidosis, which happens when your body’s blood acid level goes up because it doesn’t have enough insulin to digest sugars. Metabolic acidosis, which means your body makes too much acid.. What is a good capnography reading? Normal Capnography Values ETCO2 35-45 mm Hg is the normal value for capnography. However, some experts say 30 mm HG – 43 mm Hg can be considered normal. Cautions: Imperfect positioning of nasal cannula capnofilters may cause distorted readings. Why is etco2 low in sepsis? Severe sepsis is characterized by poor perfusion, leading to a buildup of serum lactate and resulting metabolic acidosis. EtCO2 levels decline in the setting of both poor perfusion and metabolic acidosis. To compensate for metabolic acidosis, patients increase their minute ventilation. What is end tidal co2 used for? ETCO2 can be recommended as a noninvasive method for determination of metabolic acidosis and can be used to detect early metabolic acidosis in patients with spontaneous breathing, however, ABG should be used as the gold standard for diagnosis and management of treatment (60). What should etco2 be during CPR? Normal ETCO2 in the adult patient should be 35-45 mmHg. Two very practical uses of waveform capnography in CPR are: 1.) … High quality chest compressions are achieved when the ETCO2 value is at least 10-20 mmHg. What are the three types of etco2 monitors? Three primary types of ETco2 monitors are available: sidestream, mainstream, and Microstream®. What does hypoventilation feel like? Hypoventilation is breathing that is too shallow or too slow to meet the needs of the body. If a person hypoventilates, the body’s carbon dioxide level rises. This causes a buildup of acid and too little oxygen in the blood. A person with hypoventilation might feel sleepy. What is end tidal co2 monitoring? Summary. End-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) monitoring is a noninvasive technique which measures the partial pressure or maximal concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the end of an exhaled breath, which is expressed as a percentage of CO2 or mmHg. The normal values are 5% to 6% CO2, which is equivalent to 35-45 mmHg. Why is paco2 higher than etco2? End-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) is used as a surrogate to assess adequacy of ventilation since it provides an estimate of the arterial CO2 (PaCO2). The PaCO2 is normally higher than EtCO2 by 2-5 mmHg. However, in conditions where there is ventilation-perfusion mismatch, the EtCO2 may not accurately reflect the PaCO2. How do you measure expired co2? The measurement of expired CO2 is called capnometry, or capnography. CO2 is recorded continuously, with an output of a characteristic waveform. The CO2 analyzer can be located in the mainstream or sidestream of a ventilator circuit (39). What are the symptoms of low co2? Signs of an imbalance of oxygen and carbon dioxide or a pH imbalance include:shortness of breath.other breathing difficulties.nausea.vomiting. What are symptoms of low co2 levels? Too little CO2 in the blood may indicate: Addison’s disease, another disorder of the adrenal glands. In Addison’s disease, the glands don’t produce enough of certain types of hormones, including cortisol. The condition can cause a variety of symptoms, including weakness, dizziness, weight loss, and dehydration. What is a normal end tidal co2 reading? 35-45 mm HGThe amount of CO2 at the end of exhalation, or end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) is normally 35-45 mm HG. The height of the capnography waveform accompanies this number on the monitor, as well as the respiratory rate. When end tidal co2 is low? If the number is > 45, the CO2 is high. If the number is < 35, the CO2 is low. Hyperventilation ❑Respiratory Alkalosis. “A 2005 study comparing field intubations that used continuous capnography to confirm intubations vs. What does end tidal mean? Medical Definition of end-tidal : of or relating to the last portion of expired tidal air End-tidal carbon dioxide monitors are already being used and are recommended to indicate the adequacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the likelihood of a successful resuscitation.— Does hyperventilation increase or decrease co2? Hyperventilation is breathing that is deeper and more rapid than normal. It causes a decrease in the amount of a gas in the blood (called carbon dioxide, or CO2). This decrease may make you feel lightheaded, have a rapid heartbeat, and be short of breath. What level of co2 is dangerous? CO2400-1,000ppmConcentrations typical of occupied indoor spaces with good air exchange1,000-2,000ppmComplaints of drowsiness and poor air.2,000-5,000 ppmHeadaches, sleepiness and stagnant, stale, stuffy air. Poor concentration, loss of attention, increased heart rate and slight nausea may also be present.4 more rows
Plant Parasites of Europe leafminers, galls and fungi The Protomycetaceae are closely related to the better known Taphrinaceae. The limit between the two is vague: while the genera Protomycopsis, Taphridium, and Volkartia are placed by Alexopoulos a.o. in the Protomycetaceae, they are attributed to the Taphrinaceae by the Index Fungorum (2014). The main difference between the two families is that in the Taphrinaceae the asci are formed at the end of the hyphae, while in the Protomycetaceae they can originate at any point out of ascogenous cells, not necessarily therefore on the epidermis of the host plant, but also deeper in the tissue. Alexopoulos, Mims & Blackwell (1996a). Last modified 24.vii.2017
Without a doubt, communication is fundamental to connecting with one another. However, communicating well with partners or family members, even during the best of times, can be challenging for most. In times of conflict, communicating well can feel absolutely daunting. In fact, difficulty with communicating is the most common complaint between couples and family members (you’re not alone!) (Danzinger, 1976). Most of the time, we don’t know how to express ourselves in a way that makes us, and others, feel heard and seen (Martino, July 11). Rita Martino MSW, a counsellor at Cornerstone Counselling, says, “Communication has “commune” and “union” in it, which speaks to me as a flow and movement with each other instead of being stuck and separated.” When we “flow” together, we are working to solve the problem together, and we feel connected to each other. When we’re not in “flow”, we are defensive and stuck in the problem, which may keep us feeling separated. In conflict, many families are afraid of losing each other or not being seen (Martino, July 11). In any relationship, the foundation of each others’ connection is love. When we can’t properly communicate with the people we love, we risk hurting the relationship. Fortunately, there are many ways to better communicate with each other in ways that allow your voice to be heard, while also positively building up the other person and strengthening your relationship (Motley, 2008). First, Rita recommends “sharing and hearing” versus “talking and listening”. Talking means that you are trying to get your point across and listening means that you are only processing the other person’s words without trying to deeply understand what they are saying. On the contrary, sharing means that you are offering what you have to say and hearing means that you are making an effort to understand and validate what the other person is saying. The “Sharing and Hearing” technique shifts the conversation away from being against one another and towards working together. Some examples of what each person could say to better understand the other are: • “Is there another way you could say that?” • “Could you say a little more about that?” The basis of this technique is to let go of your expected outcomes, and instead focus on: 1. Solution: Working together as a team to solve the issue. 2. Reconciliation: Coming together and figuring out how to take care of the relationship. 3. Restoration: Restoring the relationship and healing any damage that may have occurred (Martino, July 11). Secondly, Rita also recommends the “Time-Out” technique, which means taking a break from the conversation if you feel as though everyone involved is coming from strong emotions and intensity. Kindly requesting to take a temporary break from the discussion allows space for everyone’s emotions to calm down. It also allows time for introspection and a deeper understanding of the situation, which will then provide a better opportunity to resolve the conflict when the conversation resumes (Martino, July 11). A third technique is called the “Constructive Communication Pattern”, which means that during conflict, each person is expressing their feelings while also suggesting solutions. In this technique, it is important to acknowledge each other’s complaints, and willingly discuss them. Additionally, every negative comment has to be offset by 5 positive comments. This is because negative comments tend to have more of a lasting impact on peoples’ well-being than positive comments do (Motley, 2008). Each of these techniques focuses on shifting away from being defensive and, instead, coming from a place of care and wanting to work together. Each technique is meant to help strengthen the relationship amidst conflict and build patterns of prioritizing working together versus against each other. Blog post by Logan Hedberg, Volunteer Danziger, Kurt. (1976). Interpersonal Communication: Pergamon International Library: Pergamon General Psychology Series. Retreived July 2020 from https://books.google.ca/books?id=0f5NDAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA121#v=onepage&q&f=false Martino, R. (2020, July 11). Personal interview. Motley, Michael T. (2008). Studies in Applied Interpersonal Communication. Retreived July 2020 from https://books.google.ca/books?id=7z12AwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false
Blindness by Jose Saramago If an attempt is made to describe Jose Saramago’s Blindness in a single sentence, it will be justified to say that the novel is a product of the author’s extraordinary vision. Primarily an allegorical piece of fiction, Blindness is a literary masterpiece in terms of its subtle delineation of ironic humor and bleakness of existence. Numerous thematic constructs are interwoven into the plot of the novel. Post-modern literary techniques such as long sentences without punctuation marks, indefinite usage of proper nouns and so on are incorporated for illustrating the themes adequately. The haunting prose style is beautifully supplemented by the sparse imageries of man’s worst appetites and weaknesses. The socialistic approach to the novel is as significant as the internal representations. This essay is going to elaborate on the arguments that connect the thematic devices of the novel. It might be noted that there are quite a few themes to be taken within the periphery of discussion in order to substantiate the author’s argumentative claims and subclaims. Don't use plagiarized sources. Get Your Custom Essay on Blindness by Jose Saramago Just from $10/Page Order Essay As the novel nears its end, one of the characters remark during the process of getting his vision back: “I don’t think we did go blind, I think we are blind, Blind but seeing, Blind people who can see, but do not see. ” (Saramago 292) This statement highlights the political and philosophical essence of the novel. The story of Blindness centers round a nightmarish vision of disorientation and loss. A city the identity of which is kept undisclosed is struck by a sudden epidemic, leaving its inmates blind. Nobody is able to find any apparent reason behind such a contagion. The general tenor of panic and disorientation triggers a social breakdown. The camps set up by the civic administrative body to cater to the disaster are ill-governed. A sense of hopelessness and loss of direction runs through each individual’s psyche. In the wake of the epidemic, the initial government response involves setting up of large quarantine areas to accommodate the infected people. However, the filthy and overcrowded centers turn out to be grossly unhygienic to stand any chance of the inmates recovering. Soon, living conditions deteriorate rapidly, spreading a wave of nervousness and anxiety outside. As far as the thematic significance is concerned, this anxiety plays a steering role through the length of the novel. Anxiety over inadequacy of food and medicine, anxiety over future and last but not the least, anxiety over administrative laxity collectively bring out the central theme of Blindness – of social system failure and mankind’s inane incapacity to care for strangers. As Bob Corbett points out, “How are we to imagine a world in which some central part of our meaning system suddenly disappears? ” (Corbett 1997) A summoning of horror in the uncertain context of the twentieth century is what Saramago pens down in the novel. The disappearance of this central part can be understood right from the opening chapter when a man stuck in the traffic light loses his vision. The oxymoronic element present here is quite significant. The fact that this man loses his sight while standing in the traffic light and not in any dark corridor sums up the bitter irony of situation. The following course of events, all in a swift motion, underlines humankind’s perpetual struggle to cope with unexpected changes in habitual infrastructures. As soon as the first man goes blind, a series of misfortunes befalls the city. The person who takes him to an eye doctor also goes blind. The entire plot is unfolded around the doctor and his wife, who eventually suffers the same fate as of others. The mysterious blindness doesn’t spare anybody in the unnamed city. A horrifying vision of the apocalypse, like in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, can be felt at every turn of a city that has gone berserk. The government’s disorganized attempt to restore sanity into proceedings falls short of its intended result as a gang of opportunists assume control of the chaotic surroundings. The political turmoil is juxtaposed against the psychological despair to address the theme of unexpected changes in known order. In fact Saramago is well known for coalescing myth, fiction and history in his works in order to depict abrupt changes. The setting of Blindness allows the readers to embark on a timeless voyage back to the mysterious historical times associated with myths and legends. Modern technological advancements have been satirized by the author to undermine their inadequacy in dealing with unexpected blows: “[There] must be some mechanical fault, a loose accelerator pedal, a gear lever that has struck,” but none of these technical problems are the cause of the car’s prolonged halt. The driver inside starts shouting and “to judge by the movement of his mouth he appears to be repeating some words, not one word but three, as turns out to be the case when someone finally manages to open the door, I am blind. ” (Saramago 1) A group of central characters in Blindness, united as a family in the wake of such an unprecedented disaster, play a crucial role. The characterization is done in a deliberate manner to serve the purpose of the plot. In other words, the storyline doesn’t discriminate between characters that are common in one aspect – they are all blind. The doctor, his wife, the girl with dark glasses, the boy with the squint, the man with the black eye patch and the dog of tears are representative of the small world of struggling survivors in the face of seemingly incurable adversity. It is worth spotting that none of these characters has been given any proper name by the novelist. Blindness doesn’t need any nomenclature – this is perhaps the argument Saramago wants to advocate. They are called according to their position in the society and relation with each other. The literary device deployed by Saramago to support his argument behind characterization involves continuous sentence structuring. Some of the sentences run half the length of a page, without any hyphenation or semi colon. Only commas and periods are used sparsely: “The amber light came on. Two of the cars ahead accelerated before the red light appeared. At the pedestrian crossing the sign of a green man lit up. The people who were waiting began to cross the road, stepping on the white stripes painted on the black surface of the asphalt, there is nothing less like a zebra, however, that is what it is called. The motorists kept an impatient foot on the clutch, leaving their cars at the ready, advancing, retreating like nervous horses that can sense the whiplash about to be inflicted. The pedestrians have just finished crossing but the sign allowing the cars to go will be delayed for some seconds, some people maintain that this delay, while apparently so insignificant, has only to be multiplied by the thousands of traffic lights that… ”. (Saramago 3) Such writing style may immediately recall the stream-of-consciousness technique which is prolifically used in James Joyce’s masterpiece Ulysses. Separated by almost a century with regards to dates of publication, there isn’t much difference in the treatment of themes between these two novels. This technique is normally adopted to do away with editing of thought processes as the writer writes. In Blindness, the apparent mystery of the situation and the resultant uncertainties require a technique or writing style that can conform to the inner vacuum the characters feel while expressing their thoughts. At the same time, the narrative must also synchronize with the dialogues. Hence, quotation is non-existent in Blindness. Speeches merge onto one another in a continual maze of words. As a reader, one feels how difficult it is to broaden the viewpoint of observation. As if, a blind spot is generated in the actual reading of the novel, which puts interpretive constraints. As some critics have argued, Saramago’s profuse adaptation of allegorical means may have been inspired by his intent to emphasize more on human factors than on fatalistic elements. Although there are a few distinctive references to the contemporary technological aspects, Blindness doesn’t specify any timeframe. Readers are not given any clear perception about the time the novel portrays. Thus, Blindness reflects a universality of creation, a ubiquitous presence upon human realms of perception. However, there are a few speculations made regarding the probable cultural setting of the novel. Tracing the nature of language spoken by the characters and their food habits, it has been argued that the country shown in the novel is likely to be Saramago’s homeland Portugal. The theme of timelessness is relevant in more than just one aspect of this discussion. As is the case with Albert Camus’ The Plague, Blindness too is a novel which symbolically represents a widespread affliction, regardless of space or time. The predicament of humanity in the midst of social, political and ethical degeneration is not a theme that should not be kept bound under a constrained timeframe or spatial margin. Moreover, the way a group of people start fishing in troubled waters, exploiting the helpless condition of others, goes beyond the borderline of time and geographic barriers, echoing the universality of man’s futile but stubborn attempt to cope with disasters. Apart from Albert Camus’ The Plague and Jose Saramago’s Blindness, John Wyndham’s The Day of the Triffids and P. D. James’ The Children of Men also showcase characteristics of human nature as they emerge in a crisis situation marked by rapid and uncontrollable epidemics. Blindness, however, is distinguishable from other novels in one crucial aspect. It reflects the deep-seated humanity of those who are compelled to depend on each other for the sake of survival. This yearning for survival doesn’t seem to fit the category of existentialism or other post-modern philosophical doctrines since it is hampered by the loss of external senses of vision. So the vision must come from within. The message of hope in a situation which is least congenial to breeding of hope is conveyed through the character of doctor’s wife. She is the only person who manages to regain sight. When she and other group members flee from the asylum, the plot takes a turn toward the recreation of a world which is not robbed of all hopes. Since she has vision, she can at least guide her companions in finding food and shelter. The argument Saramago’s seeks to put forth through this episode involves that of restoration of orderliness in a world which is blind. It might be noted, however, that only physical blindness is not the construct of the proposed argument. The spiritual blindness associated with chaos, opportunism and moral degradation is the fundamental base upon which the plot is built. As mentioned earlier, when the central system starts malfunctioning, human beings tend to cling onto each other in search of a helping hand. A sudden change in the known world makes for a total loss of faith and triggers disorientation in the society. Doctor’s wife metaphorically symbolizes the dependable constant around which other variables revolve. But what does Jose Saramago want to tell in Blindness, especially through the thematic inclusion of ‘one person who is not blind’? Since the novel is widely accepted as an allegory, the question remains: It is an allegory of what? Finding a plausible answer to the question stated above is not an easy task in that multiple layers of interpretation can be made to it. The main problem with an allegorical novel such as Blindness is that it accords too much freedom to the reader. It grants the room for too many interpretations. On one hand, the allegorical literary device helps reveal the basic needs of a social system – the need for food, shelter and most importantly, for fraternity. Hence the thematic concept of allegory refers to the interdependency of individuals within a system which threatens to go astray. But despite this interpretation, Blindness can be approached from a different viewpoint as well. The novel can be studied as an allegory of human damnation. The novelist criticizes the so-called established norms of civilization in a staunch manner. He observes how human beings, when pitted against a failing central system of order, can indulge in brutal acts of cruelty among one another. This is manifested in the events occurring at quarantine centers where no law and order exists whatsoever. Even the military takes an indifferent stance and refuses to supply basic medication. Consequently, a simple infection assumes a deathly proportion, destroying the lives of many. Timely food deliveries are hindered due to the illegal intervention of a gang of opportunists who unleash lethal torture on the hapless inmates. Thus the allegory of the novel can be explicated from a twofold perspective – firstly, it is a literary device which serves the purpose of underlying the fundamental social requirements for a smooth functioning, and secondly, it brings out the condemnable elements of a society devoid of any order or discipline. Corbett argues that the theory of allegory can also be done away with. Blindness can be seen as a masterful piece of author’s logical reasoning of a world which lacks imaginative sensibility. This point of view insists on interpreting the major themes of the novel from a matter-of-fact perspective. There is nothing beyond what is literally apparent. The logical qualities prompt the readers to investigate into a city’s condition when everyone except a single lady goes blind all on a sudden. The only sighted person acts as a vehicle of hope and good fortune in a time when survival seems impossible. According to Corbett, this methodology of explanation is also applicable to two other novels of Saramago, The Gospel According to Jesus Christ and The Stone Raft. (Corbett 1997) The larger social picture painted by Blindness is of worth consideration. The collective physical loss of vision is used by the author as a metaphor for both ‘personal misfortune and social catastrophe’. (Snedeker 1997) The succession of events initiating from a single, odd instance of just one man getting blind while waiting at a traffic signal underscores the broader social context. As the entire population goes blind, the social system starts to crumble under pressure. Public health officials working under the aegis of the government panic and mayhem descend over the city. The disintegration of faith and reliability is apparent as soldiers guarding the asylum premises threaten to kill anyone who attempts to flee. The disease of blindness is used metaphorically as a limitation from a personal context extending to collective domain. Finding themselves in a society which no longer functions as it should do, the blind men reach the breaking limits of despair and trauma. Due to lack of food and other essential commodities for a healthy survival, the general ways of living begin deteriorating rapidly. Taking a cue out of the broader social significance of blindness, one can critically observe that the metaphor is not restrained to any uni-dimensional mode of interpretation. If approached logically, the sudden onset of the epidemic is nothing but an unfortunate incident that befalls a city, making the lives of its dwellers difficult. So this explanation follows a ‘real’ course. But the symbolic implication becomes apparent when one takes into account the cultural impact of vision impairment that the author leaves ambiguous, arguably in an advertent manner. Hence, the epidemic, no matter whichever way the readers look at it, leads more to the notion of being a realistic literary device. An unnamed city, completely disintegrated by the sudden attack of an epidemic, struggles to combat not just the disease, but also the virtues that make up of human society. A small group of people, led by a woman, find themselves in the squalid and terrifying spectacle of people scrounging for food and shelter. Such visions present a bleak and dreary setting of a post-modern novel. The abrupt ending, nearly as shocking as the beginning itself, goes to show how Saramago eluded the enticement of telling more than what is already indicated. Hence, the construct of allegory, even though it can be discarded from a ‘realistic’ approach, comes back once again. As the blind community of the city gets their vision back, everything seems to fall in pace for the city. The veil of clouds is lifted over from a diseased and desperate existence of the city as if by some mysterious power, much to the relief of its inmates. It is apparent that the thematic constructs of change, human coping, the inevitability of disease and the undying spirit to overcome every adversity are extremely well manifested by the literary techniques adapted by the novelist in Blindness. This is particularly true in case of the profuse usage of long, unbroken sentences without too many punctuation marks. Moreover, the speeches without quotation too act as a potent literary device to represent the internal crisis of the characters. Again, the use of descriptive appellation in naming of characters is self-explanatory of its intended purpose. It establishes the interconnection between various characters who are mutually dependent on each other for the sake of surviving in a blind world that does not distinguish between masses. So it can be concluded that characterization, setting and plot work as a cohesive unit in perfect synchronization with the thematic aspects. It is virtually impossible to single out any particular argumentative theme if one attempts to focus on the novel in its entirety, especially if that focus takes into consideration the key literary devices. Works cited Saramago, Jose. Blindness: a novel. London: Harvill Press, 1997. Corbett, Bob. “BLINDNESS. ” 1997. 10 March 2009 <http://www. webster. edu/~corbetre/personal/reading/saramago-blindness. html> Snedeker, George. “BLINDNESS. ” 1997. 10 March 2009 <http://www. webster. edu/~corbetre/personal/reading/saramago-blindness. html> Calculate the price of your paper Total price:$26 Our features We've got everything to become your favourite writing service Need a better grade? We've got you covered. Order your paper
1(904)362-3629 [email protected] 6 Silent Signs You Could Be Eating Too Much Protein steak and vegetables Why we need protein Protein is a critical part of our diet. We need it to feel full, have energy, build and repair muscle, process nutrients, and boost immunity, among other vital roles. Protein is made up of amino acids that are the building blocks of body tissues, including muscles, blood vessels, hair, skin, and nails. Its also involved in the production of enzymes and hormones that help the body to function normally, saysKaleigh McMordie,a registered dietitian nutritionist. Why are these amino acids so important? McMordie gives a quick anatomy lesson (in case you spaced out in 10th grade). There are some amino acids that the body can synthesize, but others, called essential amino acids, we must get through our diet. Animal protein sources, such as meat, fish, milk, and eggs, contain all nine essential amino acids. Mostplant-based protein sourcesdont have the full complement of amino acids in the exact right amounts (there are some exceptions, like soybeans). Thats why it is important to include a variety of protein sources in order to get all of the essential amino acids, especially for vegetarians, McMordie says. (Here’s what happens when you don’t eat enough protein.) If youre a regular exerciser, protein is especially important, according to diet and lifestyle dietitian and registered nutritionist,Keith Akoob, EdD. Protein not only builds muscle, but it also repairs and maintains muscle, he says. Muscle cells, like all living tissue, have a life. They eventually need to be replaced, so repair and maintenance are critical roles for dietary protein. Site Link Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1.98 kg to lbs - 1.98 kilograms to pounds 1.98 kg to lbs Do you want to know how much is 1.98 kg equal to lbs and how to convert 1.98 kg to lbs? You are in the right place. You will find in this article everything you need to make kilogram to pound conversion - theoretical and also practical. It is also needed/We also want to point out that all this article is devoted to one amount of kilograms - this is one kilogram. So if you want to learn more about 1.98 kg to pound conversion - read on. Before we move on to the more practical part - it means 1.98 kg how much lbs conversion - we will tell you a little bit of theoretical information about these two units - kilograms and pounds. So we are starting. How to convert 1.98 kg to lbs? 1.98 kilograms it is equal 4.3651527876 pounds, so 1.98 kg is equal 4.3651527876 lbs. 1.98 kgs in pounds Firstly the kilogram was defined in 1795. The kilogram was defined as the mass of one liter of water. This definition was simply but hard to use. 1.98 kilogram to pounds The international avoirdupois pound has no descriptive definition. It is exactly 0.45359237 kilograms. One avoirdupois pound is divided into 16 avoirdupois ounces or 7000 grains. How many lbs is 1.98 kg? 1.98 kilogram is equal to 4.3651527876 pounds. If You want convert kilograms to pounds, multiply the kilogram value by 2.2046226218. 1.98 kg in lbs The most theoretical section is already behind us. In this section we are going to tell you how much is 1.98 kg to lbs. Now you learned that 1.98 kg = x lbs. So it is high time to know the answer. Just see: 1.98 kilogram = 4.3651527876 pounds. That is an accurate result of how much 1.98 kg to pound. You may also round off the result. After rounding off your result is as following: 1.98 kg = 4.356 lbs. You know 1.98 kg is how many lbs, so look how many kg 1.98 lbs: 1.98 pound = 0.45359237 kilograms. Of course, in this case you may also round off the result. After it your result is as following: 1.98 lb = 0.45 kgs. We are also going to show you 1.98 kg to how many pounds and 1.98 pound how many kg results in tables. See: We want to start with a chart for how much is 1.98 kg equal to pound. 1.98 Kilograms to Pounds conversion table 1.98 4.3651527876 4.3560 Now see a chart for how many kilograms 1.98 pounds. Pounds Kilograms Kilograms (rounded off to two decimal places 1.98 0.45359237 0.45 Now you learned how many 1.98 kg to lbs and how many kilograms 1.98 pound, so it is time to move on to the 1.98 kg to lbs formula. 1.98 kg to pounds To convert 1.98 kg to us lbs you need a formula. We will show you two formulas. Let’s begin with the first one: Amount of kilograms * 2.20462262 = the 4.3651527876 result in pounds The first formula will give you the most exact outcome. Sometimes even the smallest difference could be considerable. So if you need an exact outcome - first formula will be the best solution to calculate how many pounds are equivalent to 1.98 kilogram. So let’s go to the shorer formula, which also enables calculations to learn how much 1.98 kilogram in pounds. The shorter formula is as following, look: Amount of kilograms * 2.2 = the result in pounds As you see, this formula is simpler. It can be the best option if you want to make a conversion of 1.98 kilogram to pounds in fast way, for example, during shopping. You only have to remember that your result will be not so correct. Now we are going to show you these two versions of a formula in practice. But before we are going to make a conversion of 1.98 kg to lbs we want to show you easier way to know 1.98 kg to how many lbs totally effortless. 1.98 kg to lbs converter An easier way to learn what is 1.98 kilogram equal to in pounds is to use 1.98 kg lbs calculator. What is a kg to lb converter? Calculator is an application. Converter is based on first formula which we showed you in the previous part of this article. Due to 1.98 kg pound calculator you can quickly convert 1.98 kg to lbs. You only have to enter amount of kilograms which you need to calculate and click ‘convert’ button. You will get the result in a second. So let’s try to calculate 1.98 kg into lbs with use of 1.98 kg vs pound calculator. We entered 1.98 as an amount of kilograms. Here is the result: 1.98 kilogram = 4.3651527876 pounds. As you can see, this 1.98 kg vs lbs converter is user friendly. Now we are going to our main topic - how to convert 1.98 kilograms to pounds on your own. 1.98 kg to lbs conversion We are going to start 1.98 kilogram equals to how many pounds calculation with the first formula to get the most accurate outcome. A quick reminder of a formula: Amount of kilograms * 2.20462262 = 4.3651527876 the outcome in pounds So what have you do to learn how many pounds equal to 1.98 kilogram? Just multiply number of kilograms, this time 1.98, by 2.20462262. It gives 4.3651527876. So 1.98 kilogram is exactly 4.3651527876. It is also possible to round it off, for instance, to two decimal places. It is equal 2.20. So 1.98 kilogram = 4.3560 pounds. It is time for an example from everyday life. Let’s calculate 1.98 kg gold in pounds. So 1.98 kg equal to how many lbs? And again - multiply 1.98 by 2.20462262. It is equal 4.3651527876. So equivalent of 1.98 kilograms to pounds, when it comes to gold, is equal 4.3651527876. In this example it is also possible to round off the result. It is the outcome after rounding off, this time to one decimal place - 1.98 kilogram 4.356 pounds. Now we are going to examples converted with short formula. How many 1.98 kg to lbs Number of kilograms * 2.2 = 4.356 the result in pounds So 1.98 kg equal to how much lbs? And again, you need to multiply number of kilogram, this time 1.98, by 2.2. See: 1.98 * 2.2 = 4.356. So 1.98 kilogram is 2.2 pounds. Make another calculation with use of this version of a formula. Now calculate something from everyday life, for instance, 1.98 kg to lbs weight of strawberries. So calculate - 1.98 kilogram of strawberries * 2.2 = 4.356 pounds of strawberries. So 1.98 kg to pound mass is exactly 4.356. If you learned how much is 1.98 kilogram weight in pounds and are able to calculate it with use of two different versions of a formula, we can move on. Now we want to show you these results in tables. Convert 1.98 kilogram to pounds We realize that outcomes shown in charts are so much clearer for most of you. It is totally understandable, so we gathered all these results in charts for your convenience. Due to this you can quickly compare 1.98 kg equivalent to lbs outcomes. Let’s start with a 1.98 kg equals lbs table for the first version of a formula: Kilograms Pounds Pounds (after rounding off to two decimal places) 1.98 4.3651527876 4.3560 And now let’s see 1.98 kg equal pound table for the second version of a formula: Kilograms Pounds 1.98 4.356 As you can see, after rounding off, when it comes to how much 1.98 kilogram equals pounds, the outcomes are the same. The bigger number the more significant difference. Please note it when you need to make bigger number than 1.98 kilograms pounds conversion. How many kilograms 1.98 pound Now you know how to convert 1.98 kilograms how much pounds but we will show you something more. Are you interested what it is? What do you say about 1.98 kilogram to pounds and ounces conversion? We are going to show you how you can calculate it little by little. Begin. How much is 1.98 kg in lbs and oz? First thing you need to do is multiply number of kilograms, this time 1.98, by 2.20462262. So 1.98 * 2.20462262 = 4.3651527876. One kilogram is equal 2.20462262 pounds. To know how much 1.98 kilogram is equal to pounds and ounces you need to multiply fraction part by 16. So multiply 20462262 by 16. It gives 327396192 ounces. So your outcome is exactly 2 pounds and 327396192 ounces. It is also possible to round off ounces, for instance, to two places. Then final result will be exactly 2 pounds and 33 ounces. As you see, conversion 1.98 kilogram in pounds and ounces easy. The last conversion which we will show you is calculation of 1.98 foot pounds to kilograms meters. Both foot pounds and kilograms meters are units of work. To convert foot pounds to kilogram meters you need another formula. Before we give you it, have a look: • 1.98 kilograms meters = 7.23301385 foot pounds, • 1.98 foot pounds = 0.13825495 kilograms meters. Now look at a formula: So to convert 1.98 foot pounds to kilograms meters you need to multiply 1.98 by 0.13825495. It is 0.13825495. So 1.98 foot pounds is 0.13825495 kilogram meters. It is also possible to round off this result, for instance, to two decimal places. Then 1.98 foot pounds is equal 0.14 kilogram meters. We hope that this conversion was as easy as 1.98 kilogram into pounds conversions. This article was a big compendium about kilogram, pound and 1.98 kg to lbs in calculation. Thanks to this conversion you learned 1.98 kilogram is equivalent to how many pounds. We showed you not only how to do a calculation 1.98 kilogram to metric pounds but also two other conversions - to know how many 1.98 kg in pounds and ounces and how many 1.98 foot pounds to kilograms meters. We showed you also another way to make 1.98 kilogram how many pounds conversions, it is with use of 1.98 kg en pound calculator. This will be the best choice for those of you who do not like calculating on your own at all or this time do not want to make @baseAmountStr kg how lbs calculations on your own. We hope that now all of you are able to do 1.98 kilogram equal to how many pounds calculation - on your own or using our 1.98 kgs to pounds converter. Don’t wait! Let’s convert 1.98 kilogram mass to pounds in the best way for you. Do you want to make other than 1.98 kilogram as pounds conversion? For instance, for 5 kilograms? Check our other articles! We guarantee that calculations for other numbers of kilograms are so easy as for 1.98 kilogram equal many pounds. Kilograms [kg] Pounds [lbs] 1.98 kg to lbs - 1.98 kilograms to pounds - Mass and Weight Conversion How to convert 1.98 kilograms (kg) to Pounds (lbs) A POWERFUL TOOL for converting kilograms to pounds (kg to pounds). How to convert 1.98 kilograms (kg) to Pounds (lbs). How Heavy Is 1.98 Kilograms in Pounds? How do I convert kg to lbs? How Many Kilograms in a Pound? How do I convert kg to lbs? 1.01 kg to lbs = 2.22667 1.02 kg to lbs = 2.24872 1.03 kg to lbs = 2.27076 1.04 kg to lbs = 2.29281 1.05 kg to lbs = 2.31485 1.06 kg to lbs = 2.33690 1.07 kg to lbs = 2.35895 1.08 kg to lbs = 2.38099 1.09 kg to lbs = 2.40304 1.1 kg to lbs = 2.42508 1.11 kg to lbs = 2.44713 1.12 kg to lbs = 2.46918 1.13 kg to lbs = 2.49122 1.14 kg to lbs = 2.51327 1.15 kg to lbs = 2.53532 1.16 kg to lbs = 2.55736 1.17 kg to lbs = 2.57941 1.18 kg to lbs = 2.60145 1.19 kg to lbs = 2.62350 1.2 kg to lbs = 2.64555 1.21 kg to lbs = 2.66759 1.22 kg to lbs = 2.68964 1.23 kg to lbs = 2.71169 1.24 kg to lbs = 2.73373 1.25 kg to lbs = 2.75578 1.26 kg to lbs = 2.77782 1.27 kg to lbs = 2.79987 1.28 kg to lbs = 2.82192 1.29 kg to lbs = 2.84396 1.3 kg to lbs = 2.86601 1.31 kg to lbs = 2.88806 1.32 kg to lbs = 2.91010 1.33 kg to lbs = 2.93215 1.34 kg to lbs = 2.95419 1.35 kg to lbs = 2.97624 1.36 kg to lbs = 2.99829 1.37 kg to lbs = 3.02033 1.38 kg to lbs = 3.04238 1.39 kg to lbs = 3.06443 1.4 kg to lbs = 3.08647 1.41 kg to lbs = 3.10852 1.42 kg to lbs = 3.13056 1.43 kg to lbs = 3.15261 1.44 kg to lbs = 3.17466 1.45 kg to lbs = 3.19670 1.46 kg to lbs = 3.21875 1.47 kg to lbs = 3.24080 1.48 kg to lbs = 3.26284 1.49 kg to lbs = 3.28489 1.5 kg to lbs = 3.30693 1.51 kg to lbs = 3.32898 1.52 kg to lbs = 3.35103 1.53 kg to lbs = 3.37307 1.54 kg to lbs = 3.39512 1.55 kg to lbs = 3.41717 1.56 kg to lbs = 3.43921 1.57 kg to lbs = 3.46126 1.58 kg to lbs = 3.48330 1.59 kg to lbs = 3.50535 1.6 kg to lbs = 3.52740 1.61 kg to lbs = 3.54944 1.62 kg to lbs = 3.57149 1.63 kg to lbs = 3.59353 1.64 kg to lbs = 3.61558 1.65 kg to lbs = 3.63763 1.66 kg to lbs = 3.65967 1.67 kg to lbs = 3.68172 1.68 kg to lbs = 3.70377 1.69 kg to lbs = 3.72581 1.7 kg to lbs = 3.74786 1.71 kg to lbs = 3.76990 1.72 kg to lbs = 3.79195 1.73 kg to lbs = 3.81400 1.74 kg to lbs = 3.83604 1.75 kg to lbs = 3.85809 1.76 kg to lbs = 3.88014 1.77 kg to lbs = 3.90218 1.78 kg to lbs = 3.92423 1.79 kg to lbs = 3.94627 1.8 kg to lbs = 3.96832 1.81 kg to lbs = 3.99037 1.82 kg to lbs = 4.01241 1.83 kg to lbs = 4.03446 1.84 kg to lbs = 4.05651 1.85 kg to lbs = 4.07855 1.86 kg to lbs = 4.10060 1.87 kg to lbs = 4.12264 1.88 kg to lbs = 4.14469 1.89 kg to lbs = 4.16674 1.9 kg to lbs = 4.18878 1.91 kg to lbs = 4.21083 1.92 kg to lbs = 4.23288 1.93 kg to lbs = 4.25492 1.94 kg to lbs = 4.27697 1.95 kg to lbs = 4.29901 1.96 kg to lbs = 4.32106 1.97 kg to lbs = 4.34311 1.98 kg to lbs = 4.36515 1.99 kg to lbs = 4.38720 2 kg to lbs = 4.40925
The Second Coming by W.B. Yeats: Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity. Surely some revelation is at hand; Surely the Second Coming is at hand. The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert A shape with lion body and the head of a man, A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun, Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds. The darkness drops again; but now I know That twenty centuries of stony sleep Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle, And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? What does the phrase "The ceremony of innocence" mean here? From a quick look online, one interpretation I found is that the ceremony of innocence refers to christian baptism, but that doesn't sound quite right to me (how do you drown an actual ceremony?). One idea I had is that maybe "ceremony of innocence" refers to people pretending to be innocent, so the lines "The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere\ The ceremony of innocence is drowned;" mean that humanities evil deeds (the blood-dimmed tide) are so numerous that there is no point for anyone to pretend to be innocent. Can anyone suggest other interpretations? I put "Yeats ceremony of innocence" on Google and saw lots of speculation/interpretation just in the first page of results. Yeats uses the term "ceremony of innocence" to harken back to the ordered, structured, ceremonial world of pre-war Europe. Yeats mourns what he sees as the loss of an aristocratic order. Instead of order, the world is now awash in bloody chaos or anarchy. D. Reynolds @ https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-drowns-the-ceremony-of-innocence-in-the-272404 Of course, it's poetry, so any interpretation that makes the poem more robust for you (hooking your emotional response to your understanding of his argument) is the goal. His usage of similar imagery in A Prayer for My Daughter shows some of his thinking on connections between ceremony and innocence. And may her bridegroom bring her to a house Where all's accustomed, ceremonious; For arrogance and hatred are the wares Peddled in the thoroughfares. How but in custom and in ceremony Are innocence and beauty born? Ceremony's a name for the rich horn, And custom for the spreading laurel tree. The ceremonious order of a good home is the source of innocence. The 'ceremony of innocence' is baptism, the ceremony that takes place at the baptismal font, a time of rejoicing. At this baptism, however, it is anything but a joyous occasion as the baptism of innocence is itself 'baptized", drowned in the blood-dimmed tide of mere anarchy that has been loosed upon the world. Powerful imagery, and regrettably, all too appropriate for our time. "The ceremony of innocence is drowned"to my level understanding it means that ceremony of innocence..is the act of being a good faith and hope even though our hope is been drowned. Infact the role of any ceremony is to keep us from forgetting what must not to be forgotten..... Your Answer
Well-being and indoor climate play a crucial role in our habitat architecture. While the duration of space missions are increasing, it only becomes more important for the astronaut's health and performance. Our generation spends 90% of our time indoors. The expedition will help to discover solutions in well-being and indoor climate on Earth as well as in space. The mission is a completely closed and confined living-space, perfect for a behavioral study. We don't have to go far away to find relevance for these studies. Most of us work indoor and we will spend a huge majority of our life inside. We strive to find a healthy countermeasures for space and Earth The habitat is completely off-grid; almost all of it's power comes from it's solar panels. In an age where energy demands is growing, we are investigating how to create a sustainable house. The extreme reality of the Arctic or Lunar environment automatically reinforces a zero-waste and efficient cycle. LUNARK is a platform for accelerated learning in sustainable design - solutions also applicable for Earth. Spin-off technologies for Earth There is a direct overlap in resource efficiency for the solutions we develop for the expedition and for the climate challenges that are pressing Earth. These are the expected results from the mission: Space optimization strategy Due to the claustrophobic conditions, strategically prepared interior space and zoning will be essential. This strategy can be applied directly in the built environment on Earth with the ever-increasing overcrowding. The ability to optimize space use will be important. Healthier indoor climate Velux estimates that we spend 90% of our time indoors. We will use the data from the expedition to map which climatic components have the greatest negative or positive effect. To understand which efforts can have the greatest effect on healthy indoor climate. Heat Efficiency One of the biggest challenges will be heat loss. The project will provide renewed knowledge in the development of architectural components with the least possible heat loss, such as windows and walls. By using spacegrade insulating materials such as ArmaFoam we can minimize heat loss with small dimensions. Functional nature in the home Nature and plants will have significant effect in the monotonous Arctic. We will include plants and other living organisms to establish a connection between man and nature. Lower water consumption On average, we use 104 liters of water per day per person in Denmark. That's not possible on the mission. During the mission we will use 3-4 liters of water a day, with the majority going to drinking water. It requires a complete redesign of the water system as well as our behavior, without lowering living standards. Healthy circadian rhythm Our well-being and health in the long and short term are directly linked to our sleep. Both the Moon and Greenland experience long periods of either constant sunlight or darkness. During the mission, we are therefore forced to create an artificial circadian rhythm. Energy neutral way of life There is no other way to survive the expedition than to be self-sufficient with renewable energy. Our previous studies show that solar energy is the best option. The project will provide extraordinary insight into energy-efficient ways of living. Transportable lightweight structure One of the biggest climate sinners is transportation. Developing a new lightweight and transportable structure could have a significant impact. Furthermore, we can imagine a quality architecture for areas that are difficult to access. Understanding architectural effects Perhaps most important is the general understanding of which architectural tools have the greatest impact on well-being. Which elements are most missed in these dangerous circumstances? We will map them out and back them up with empirical data. Want exclusive insights?
Sat, 27 Feb 2021 In the current technological world, it says that the progress of any business and company depends upon the strength of their IT-infrastructure. It refers to the growth and economy as well, because nowadays, almost every business is technology-based. Earlier, companies tend to depend upon onsite servers, but modern-day advancements in technology; companies have many options including private infrastructures as well. Besides being less expensive, allowing flexibility and security, the private cloud is beneficial in the way that it allows building a high-end IT infrastructure as well. On the other hand, private clouds allow easy and direct access to data, information, so they can easily identify and can solve problems. So, it allows a secure place to store data. There are different types of cloud; private, public, hybrid, and community. Private Cloud and high-end IT Infrastructure Infrastructure is the backbone of any business and company that is running the IT businesses. IT infrastructure means different components that require running IT and IT- operations. It may include software, composite hardware, network services, and resources. It enables companies to deliver services and solutions to their clients, partners, and employees. This infrastructure can be deployed or maintained by the company itself or can be hosted by third-party service providers. Private cloud has two models, the first one is infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and the second one is Platform as a service (PaaS). The question is how private cloud enables to build a managed IT infrastructure; it helps to manage the businesses in a better way. This type of server is a virtualized data center that is designed to meet the needs of a single client or specific customer. A private cloud is such a cloud infrastructure that is operated exclusively for a single company or organization and managed by the company or by third parties as well. Why it helps to make efficient infrastructure, the answer is that it is internet-based computing that allows and provides shared processing resources, data to computers and other communication devices on demand. Besides that, as the data is limited access, it makes the information secure. You can say that this infrastructure allows only on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be scaled with minimal management effort. Private cloud IT-infrastructure allows multi-tasking, the platforms provide the ability to support multiple users including internal and external. Not only it helps to provide data security but ensures a smooth and trouble-free business. The infrastructure allows flexibility, scalability, high trouble-free working, and data security as well. More Minnesota News Access More Sign up for Minnesota State News
The Allergy, Asthma & Sinus Center has applied to become a COVID vaccination site but has not yet received any vaccine. We will update our homepage when COVID vaccines become available at AASC. The Nuts and Bolts of mRNA Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Imagine the day you can stop wearing a mask, or when you can gather indoors at your favorite restaurant again with friends and family for a celebratory meal. That day is coming...but only if we do what needs to be done today to keep ourselves, our families, our communities and our country healthy and safe. The groundbreaking cooperation between leading medical experts here in America and pharmaceutical companies globally has made a return to normal possible thanks to the COVID-19 vaccine. The speed of development was due to the sharing of research on a scale never attempted before – and every study, and every phase of every trial, was carefully reviewed and approved by a safety board and the FDA. The process was transparent and rigorous throughout, with continual oversight and expert approval. Data will continue to be collected two years after each vaccine is first administered to ensure that the long-term effects are safe. Essential to emerging from a pandemic is developing 'herd immunity' – getting enough people immune to the infection so it can no longer spread. But throughout history, reaching herd immunity by getting infected has always taken an unacceptable human toll. The best and fastest way to return to normal and start to reverse the damage caused by lockdowns is to get as many people vaccinated as quickly as we can. Many people are skeptical or concerned about side effects, and we hear you. Good, evidenced-based information about the vaccine has been hard to come by, so we've put together the following FAQs to cut through the uncertainty. The coronavirus pandemic is constantly changing. This information was last updated on January 25, 2021 In general, how do we know vaccines work? Short Answer: In a vaccine study, half the people are given the vaccine, and half are not. If the people given the vaccine get sick less than half as much as those who got the vaccine, we consider that the vaccine worked. Expanded Answer: The obvious way to prove a vaccine works is to vaccinate people, expose them to the virus, and see if they get sick. But that's unethical. Instead, we recruit people for whom the vaccine is appropriate and give half of them the real vaccine. The other half receives a placebo injection that contains no active vaccine (some trials use two thirds vaccine and one third placebo). Then everybody is monitored to see if they get sick. Statisticians can tell us how many people need to get sick in the placebo group before finding out if the vaccine worked. The FDA's standard of efficacy is 50% – people who received the vaccine need to get sick no more than half as often as those who did not receive the vaccine for it to be considered effective. Among the 43,448 participants in the Pfizer trial, the first COVID-19 vaccine trial to be completed, the half who received the vaccine experienced only nine infections. Those who did not receive the vaccine suffered 169 infections, showing a vaccine effectiveness rate of 95%. The FDA would have considered the vaccine effective if as many as 84 vaccinated participants became infected, but only nine of them actually did. What does the COVID-19 vaccine do? Short Answer: The vaccine helps us make our own antibodies against what's called the 'spike' protein of the virus, which makes it much harder for us to get infected. Expanded Answer: What makes the SARS-CoV-2 virus (the name of the virus that causes the disease we know as COVID-19) unique is its spike protein, which are the red things you see in the depictions of the coronavirus. They attach to a protein on human cells called the ACE2 receptor, allowing the virus to gain entry to our cells, where it takes over our cell machinery to make more copies of itself. So the strategy is to get people to make antibodies against this spike protein without getting infected. Once we have our own antibodies against the spike protein, if we then get exposed to the virus, our antibodies latch onto the spike protein. Once the spike protein is covered with antibodies, it can't attach to the ACE2 receptor and can't infect our cells. Unable to make more copies of themselves, the inactivated virus particles can be quickly eliminated by our immune system. What is an mRNA vaccine? Short Answer: This is a newer vaccine technology that uses the genetic material for a virus's most crucial protein. A considerable advantage of this technology includes producing the vaccine directly and rapidly in the lab, rather than first cultivating large amounts of the actual virus as starting material. It is harder to distribute the vaccine because the genetic material has to be frozen, but the advantage is that there is no need to add any antibiotics or preservatives. Thus, mRNA vaccines are safer for people who are allergic to these things in other medications or vaccines. The mRNA breaks down in a few days, so there are no traces of the vaccine other than the antibodies we used it to produce. Expanded Answer: Messenger RNA, or mRNA, is the genetic material that tells our cells how to make a specific protein. If we were to simply inject the spike protein into people, enzymes in our bloodstream would break down the proteins, preventing us from making antibodies against it. Instead, we first make the genetic material that holds the spike protein code. We would also break down plain mRNA that gets injected into us, so we have to wrap it up in material that helps it get into our cells. Once inside, the mRNA tells our cells how to make the spike protein. The muscle cells making this protein show it to our immune system, which recognizes that it is a foreign protein and starts to produce antibodies against it. Messenger RNA doesn't last a long time, so after our cells have used it for a few days to make the spike protein, the mRNA just breaks down inside the cells, and our cells recycle its parts as part of our day-to-day life. 'Genetic material' sounds scary. Does it get into our DNA? Short Answer: Absolutely not. That is not what mRNA does, and the claims we hear about mRNA vaccines changing our DNA is nothing more than an uninformed scare tactic. Expanded Answer: Our cells make proteins coded by our DNA in the cells' nucleus. When our cells want to make proteins, parts of the DNA code is copied into mRNA. The mRNA moves out of the nucleus, where little organelles called ribosomes read the mRNA code using transfer RNA to make the correct proteins. After a few days, the mRNA is broken down and recycled by the cells. This process is a one-way street - mRNA does NOT go back into the nucleus to get back-translated into DNA. Ever. This new technology was developed awfully fast – is it really safe? Short Answer: It is true that there are no other mRNA vaccines previously manufactured, but the technology is not new. mRNA technology has been used for fifty years, and efforts to use mRNA specifically for vaccines have been ongoing for the past twenty years. Expanded Answer: The first time a cell made a foreign protein from injected mRNA was 1971. The first time we induced living mouse muscle tissue to make foreign proteins from mRNA was in 1993. The first mRNA vaccine was developed against rabies and entered clinical trials in 2013, but this was a proof-of-concept trial and was not used to make a commercial vaccine. We started to develop mRNA vaccines against SARS and MERS, but those viruses were so lethal that they burned themselves out, and there was no need to bring the vaccines to market. SARS-CoV-2 very rapidly showed that it would be a significant threat to the planet, so we picked up where we left off with mRNA vaccine development and hit the ground running. The first clinical trial of an mRNA vaccine started just 66 days after the genome of SARS-CoV-2 was sequenced - you can't move that fast if you're not well prepared for it. The trials were completed in only nine months or so – didn't they cut a lot of corners to do it so fast? Short Answer: The time it takes to develop a vaccine depends on the population who needs it and how common the disease is. These vaccines are intended for all adults (initially) for a disease striking 60,000 to 100,000 people per day (in summer and fall 2020). That makes it easy to generate a lot of important information very quickly. Expanded Answer: Many of the vaccines we use were developed for children, and that process can take a decade or more. That's why it's easy to think that the COVID-19 vaccine trials were rushed. But as we discussed about how we find out if a vaccine is effective, that is a function of the disease. There are several reasons why childhood vaccines take so long. First off is the slow recruitment rate - we can't enroll babies into these trials any faster than they're born. Secondly, many parents will not enroll their newborn in a clinical trial of a vaccine. So the trials are slow to enroll, and the diseases we're trying to prevent aren't very common in this country. So it takes a very long time to get enough infections in the placebo group to see if the vaccine did anything at all. But for COVID-19, practically anybody over age 17 who wasn't infected with SARS-CoV-2 at the time, didn't have any significant, unstable medical problems, and who wasn't pregnant or nursing was eligible. And instead of studying a vaccine for a relatively uncommon disease, we saw over 50,000 new cases in the US every day during these trials. In fact, that was a strategy for recruitment - the people running the trials specifically looked for parts of the country where the disease was most active. You'll get the required number of infections in the placebo group much faster if you conduct the trial in an area getting 1,000 new cases a day rather than 20. I've heard reports about reactions to the vaccine. Is that worrisome? Short Answer: Adverse reactions to the vaccine are rare, because of the way the vaccine is prepared. The only people advised to be cautious about getting the vaccine are those who have had severe reactions to injectable medications in the past. If you have had a severe reaction to an injectable medication that required treatment, talk to your doctor or allergist/immunologist about whether to get the vaccine. Expanded Answer: The mRNA in the vaccine is essentially the same as the mRNA for the spike protein in the virus. The main difference is the wrapper that is used to get the mRNA into our muscle cells. It does contain polyethylene glycol, which is known to cause allergy-like reactions in some people. Allergies to other common allergens like pollens, molds, dust mites, foods, or latex do not put people at increased risk of vaccine reactions. The vaccine is distributed in a deep freeze, so there is no need for any antibiotics or preservatives. Since we don't have to grow the viruses in the lab to make mRNA vaccines, there is also no egg or gelatin in the vaccine. So the vaccine should be used with caution in people who have reacted to other vaccines or medications containing polyethylene glycol, or if they have conditions such as mast cell activation syndrome that put them at greater risk of severe reactions to a variety of things. But the vaccine is safe for almost everybody. Can the vaccine make me sick? What about all the side effects I've heard about? Short Answer: No. The vaccine is not made from live virus particles, so there is no possible way to get infected by the vaccine. Many people have some symptoms of a robust immune response to the vaccine, but this is expected, is typically mild, and lasts only one or two days. Expanded Answer: You cannot get infected from the vaccine. There is no virus in the vaccine, only the mRNA for the spike protein, and not anything else required for viruses to cause an infection. However, what is critically important is that most of the symptoms that people associate with viral infections are symptoms caused by the immune system in its response to the vaccine, not the infection itself. Not everybody experiences these symptoms, but it is expected that many people will notice a mild fever, muscle aches, fatigue, chills, or joint pain that can last for 1-3 days after vaccination. This is only a sign that your immune system is doing what it is supposed to do. The reason this is important enough to use bold type is that there is a concern that people who experience these symptoms after the first dose will think that the vaccine made them sick, and they won't go back for the second dose. This would be a critical mistake. The studies have shown that while there is an antibody response after the first dose, that first dose "primes the pump" for the second dose, after which antibody levels soar to levels so high that the vaccine is 95% effective at preventing infection. You can't expect the vaccine to work that well after just one dose, so please be sure to go back for the second. I'm young and healthy, and COVID-19 doesn't seem to be a big deal in my age group. Shouldn't I just get it over with, and develop better immunity by getting the infection? Short Answer: No. The mRNA in the vaccine helps us make antibodies against the spike protein, just like we do with COVID-19 infection. But with infection, the virus forces us to make ALL of its proteins and make more copies of the virus itself. That's what triggers the severe illness many people get with COVID-19, and the risk of long-term complications. None of that happens from the vaccine. Expanded Answer: A major feature of SARS-CoV-2 is that it is so unlike any other viruses before it that essentially none of us are immune. That's why it's called a 'novel' coronavirus. If we are significantly exposed, we will get infected. Almost everybody will likely have to develop immunity either the hard way (getting infected) or the easy way (getting vaccinated). So it is useful to compare the risk of the vaccine with the risk of getting infected. That makes it easy – with vaccines for the spike protein, we start making the spike protein to show to our immune systems just like we would if we were to get infected – but without all the other proteins and without the genetic material of the virus as a whole. So it is far safer to get vaccinated instead of wait to get infected. And we see that in the numbers: more than one in 100 people with COVID-19 die from the infection, but only about 1 in 100,000 people have significant reactions from the vaccine. These are all treatable, so these folks do carry on with their lives. As of this writing, there have been 96 million COVID-19 infections resulting in over 2 million deaths, killing people of all ages, as young as two months. Of the 54 million people vaccinated worldwide so far at the time of this writing, there have been zero deaths. Protecting yourself with the vaccine is clearly the best way to go, so when the vaccine becomes available to you, please roll up your sleeve!
Outlier Analysis: Definition, Techniques, How-To, and More Ad Blocker Detected Outlier analysis is a data analysis process that involves identifying abnormal observations in a dataset. If you want to draw meaningful conclusions from data analysis, then this step is a must. Thankfully, outlier analysis is very straightforward. In this article, we’ll look at everything you need to know about outlier analysis, including what it is, how it can benefit you, when to do it, what techniques to use, and how to use them. What Is Outlier Analysis? Outlier analysis is the process of identifying outliers, or abnormal observations, in a dataset. Also known as outlier detection, it’s an important step in data analysis, as it removes erroneous or inaccurate observations which might otherwise skew conclusions. There are a wide range of techniques and tools used in outlier analysis. However, as we’ll see later, it’s often very easy to spot outlying data points. As a result, there’s really no excuse not to perform outlier analysis on any and all datasets. Unlike other data analysis processes, outlier analysis only really has one benefit: it improves the quality of the dataset being subject to analysis. Of course, this in turn brings benefits. With a higher-quality dataset, analysts can expect to draw more accurate conclusions (and more of them). When to Do Outlier Analysis As mentioned, outlier analysis should be performed as part of any data analysis procedure. In this case, outlier analysis should be one of the first — if not the first — steps in data analysis. This way, when the dataset reaches steps that truly involve assessing and interpreting the data, any outliers will have already been removed. Outlier Analysis Techniques There are a wide variety of techniques that can be used to identify outliers in datasets. In this section, we’ll look at just a few of these techniques, including both straightforward and sophisticated ones. For an amateur data analyst, sorting is by far the easiest technique for outlier analysis. The premise is simple: load your dataset into any kind of data manipulation tool (such as a spreadsheet), and sort the values by their magnitude. Then, look at the range of values of various data points. If any data points are significantly higher or lower than others in the dataset, they may be treated as outliers. In order to make effective use of sorting, it’s helpful to know what range of values to expect within a dataset. As a result, someone who is very familiar with certain types of data will be much more adept in identifying outliers using this approach. Let’s look at an example of sorting in practice. Consider that scientists are measuring the calories in one hundred different chocolate bars. Upon entering the data analysis phase, they should look to make sure no outliers are present in the dataset. By sorting from the highest values, they will be able to identify unusually high observations. Knowing that the average chocolate bar has several hundred calories, an observation of several thousand calories would clearly stand out as an outlier. An equally forgiving tool for outlier analysis is graphing. Once again, the premise is straightforward: plot all of the data points on a graph, and see which points stand out from the rest. The advantage of using a graphing approach over a sorting approach is that it visualizes the magnitude of the data points, which makes it much easier to spot outliers. Graphing can also be especially effective if the data points involved are very high or very low numbers. As it may be difficult to grasp the difference in values with extreme orders of magnitude, the fact that graphs can be drawn to a suitable scale is particularly helpful. Yet another reason why graphing is so useful is that it allows analysts to compare the relationship between two variables. For example, consider a graph of the temperatures recorded at various times during the year. It’s much easier to spot outliers (which are above or below the trend of the graph) this way than it is by sorting the temperatures, as that would not take into account the time of the year. A more statistical technique that can be used to identify outliers is the Z-score. The Z-score measures how far a data point is from the average, as measured in standard deviations. By calculating the Z-score for each data point, it’s easy to see which data points are placed far from the average. Unfortunately, like sorting, this doesn’t take into account the influence of a second variable. Other tests Aside from sorting, graphing, and Z-scores, there are a whole host of statistical tests that can be used to identify outliers in a dataset. For most intents and purposes, sorting and graphing are more than enough for outlier analysis. Z-scores or other statistical tests may only be necessary for academic or high-stakes purposes, where the true statistical aspect is much more important. How to Do Outlier Analysis Conducting outlier analysis couldn’t be easier. Before you can dive into applying the techniques discussed above, there’s just one thing you need to do: normalize your data. Normalization is the process of ensuring that all of the data points in a dataset are formatted in the same way, so that they can be manipulated equally. Without normalization, it may be impossible to sort, graph, or otherwise assess datasets. As soon as the data is appropriately and consistently formatted, you can dive in with any or all of the techniques discussed above. And once any outliers have been spotted, you can remove them from your dataset and proceed with further analysis! Final Thoughts Outlier analysis is an easy but important step in data analysis. By removing abnormal observations — which are often incorrect or inaccurate — you can draw stronger conclusions from your datasets. For the casual analyst, all it takes is sorting or graphing your data, and leaving the rest to intuition. Of course, there are a variety of statistical techniques (such as Z-scores, but also numerous more advanced ones) that can also be applied for a more objective outlier analysis framework.
Introduction to Management  What is management?  What is management coordination?  What are objectives?  Management characteristics  Management skills  In the home  In the community  In school  In government  In business/enterprise  Management v Enterprise Management (2006 SQ 3)  Management is the process of setting and achieving objectives by making the best use of people, time, money and equipment.  A manager (CEO) or (MD) is responsible for the overall day to day running of the business. Co-ordination (2001 SQ 4)  Managers must ensure that all parts of an organisation is working towards a common goal.  Everyone needs to be aware of the overall objectives.  Good managers ensures that the plans and activities of each section fits in with each other. What is an Objective?  An objective is a target to be achieved some time in the future.  Business Example: Increase sales by 10% in the next  Personal Example: Get an A1 in Business in the Leaving Certificate!! A general objective  Is a mission statement.  It gives an outline of the overall aims of the  Example: Pfizer’s mission is to apply science and our global resources to improve health and wellbeing at every stage of life A specific objective  A statement of a more narrow and defined target.  Example: The company will increase the workforce by 10% this year. Tactical Objective  A short to medium term goal.  It will take 1 to 5 years to achieve.  Example: increase sales by 20% within three years Strategic Objective  A long term goal.  It will take 5 to 20 years to achieve.  Example: expand internationally by opening 20 shops around the world. Management Terms  Effectiveness  Efficiency  Productivity Management Terms  Effectiveness – measure the success of the business in achieving it’s objective  Efficiency – a business is efficient when it uses the least amount of resources to achieve the best results  Productivity – is the relationship between inputs (raw materials) and outputs (finished products Productivity is high when few inputs generate many outputs High productivity reduces costs and increases profits Management Characteristics Desire for achievement  Managers are self-starters.  They have the initiative to do things themselves.  Managers have confidence in themselves to make decisions and promote their business.  Managers are positive in their approach.  Managers must have the innate ability to be flexible and be able to cope with different situations.  They don’t mind moving outside their “comfort  They don’t mind change or trying something new.  Managers must have an air about them that commands respect.  They must be liked by their subordinates if they are to be successful in influencing them to achieve Hard working  Managers must be willing to spend long hours at  They should be the first to arrive and the last to  They must lead by example. Hard working  Managers must have the intelligence & judgement to make quick and effective decisions.  They must be confident in their own ability to make Desire for achievement  Managers must have a strong desire to see their business succeed.  They must be willing to put in the effort needed for this. Management Skills  Leadership  Communication  Motivation  A leader is a person who gives direction by guiding people towards achievieng goals.  They delegate tasks and responsibilities to others in order to involve them, share the work load and reduce  They coordinate the efforts of staff in each department in order to ensure that harmony and common goals are known achieved. (2001 SQ 4)  They motivate staff by being aware of the factors that entice workers to be more productive. Communication is a management skill that involves the transfer of information from one person to another in a way that it is received and understood. Communication involves being able to:  Read and write in the appropriate language  Speak to individuals and groups  Be aware of the recipient(s)  Stimulate, motivate and negotiate  Listen, filter and absorb  Act on feedback  Is a management skill that involves persuading people to act in a certain way.  It involves being aware of the factors that lead people to act in a certain way.  Theories of motivation include McGregor’s Theory X and Throry Y and Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. Management skills in the home  Leaders: Parents/Guardians  Communicate with: Children, school, doctors, banks,  Motivate: children to do house & school work & have healthy lifestyle. Management skills in the community  Leaders = Volunteers  Communicate with: Businesses, voluntary groups, government agencies.  Motivate: Government to give grants, businesses to give sponsorship, locals to give free time. Management skills in school  Leaders: Principal & Deputy Principal  Communicate with: Teachers, students, parents, HSE, doctors.  Motivate: Teachers & students to work hard, parents to support children, fundraise… Management skills in government  Leaders = Ministers  Communicate with: Civil servants, social partners  Motivate: All social partners to agree on national wage agreements and policies Management skills in business/enterprise  Leaders: Entrepreneurs  Communicate with: Investors, suppliers, customers…  Motivate: Investors to give them money, suppliers to give credit & discount. Similarities between Enterprise & Management Choose three characteristics that are the same and explain each one using a heading and bullet points. Distinguish between Enterprise & Management (2009 SQ 7)  Enterprise is the ability to generate new ideas, identify opportunities and have the confidence, motivation & determination to take an uninsurable risk to turn an idea into reality.  Example: Mark Zuckerberg took the risk to setup  Management is the process of getting objectives & activities completed efficiently & effectively through the use of human & financial resources on a day to day  Management skills Leadership, Communication & Motivation.  Management activities  Planing Organising & Controlling.  Example: Manager of a branch of Dunnes Stores Sample Exam Questions  2009 Q 7. Enterprise v  2006 Q 3. Management  2001 Q 4. Co-ordination  2009 Q4  2002 Q 4 (Management skills in home, community, government, business start up)  1999 Q 4 (Letter: Applied Business Questions  2010 (C): Management Skills  2004 (C): Management Skills  1999 (C): Management Skills Recap and Review  What is management?  What is management coordination?  What are objectives?  Management characteristics  Management skills  In the home  In the community  In school  In government  In business/enterprise  Management v Enterprise
Philosophy Monday (14) Here, we take on two more “philosophy questions about human nature and human condition. 54. Why do we judge ourselves by our intentions but judge others by their actions? Yes, it seems unfair to judge other people based on their actions, without regard to their motives. Though, we can’t always know the intentions of people. So, we are often left with their actions to go on. However, there is no excuse for hypocrisy, and we ought to show more restraint when judging others. When the motives of people are difficult to make out, it is only proper that we employ caution in judgement. Nevertheless, when a person is known to do the same thing over and over again, then we may be right to judge them by that. Likewise, while judging ourselves, we need to be careful not to make a habit of excusing all our misdeeds. Even when we have good intentions, we can’t always use them to defend our bad actions. Basing our self-justification solely on our intentions will leave us little room for correction. Also, it can lead to self-righteousness, so much that we never see any fault in our own actions. And, as poet John Mark Green puts it, “the self-righteous scream judgments against others to hide the noise of skeletons dancing in their own closets”. 55. What activities cause you to feel like you are living life to the fullest? When you find your purpose in life, there’s a great chance you’re living life to the fullest by fulfilling it. Although, there are many uplifting activities you can do to add more joy to your life. Such activities may differ from person to person. For example, some people find fulfilment and motivation in regular exercising. Some prefer traveling, while others indulge in meditation. Whatever it is, it would only compliment your purpose. Your purpose has to reflect on the world around you. Life is a full cycle when you find your gift and use it to help others. When you commit yourself to this purpose, you’ll be satisfied—not only in your daily affairs, but also at the end of your journey. To paraphrase Ralph Waldo Emerson: “The purpose of life is to be useful, to be honorable, to be compassionate, to have it make some difference that you have lived and lived well”. Ultimately, a life lived to the fullest would have positively impacted the lives of others, as much as it can. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Differences in personality: What psychiatrists can learn from mice to treat depression \| Science\| In-depth reporting on science and technology \| DW \| 08.11.2019 1. Inhalt 2. Navigation 3. Weitere Inhalte 4. Metanavigation 5. Suche 6. Choose from 30 Languages Scientists have developed a new way for measuring the personalities of animals. So why should we humans care? Because understanding personality traits is key for more individualized therapies in psychiatry. A mouse on a human hand Scientists developed a method to measure "mousy" personality For the experiment, a research team around neurobiologist Alon Chen observed mice that had been placed in groups and left to wander around freely. By examining the rodents' interactions over the course of a few days, the scientists were able to identify up to 60 separate behaviors. Examples include a willingness to approach others, chasing or fleeing, sharing food, exploring and hiding. Each mouse was then given different scores based on its behavior. With the help of special computer programs, which extracted personality traits form the data scientists obtained during observations, the team was able to develop a personality scale. This scale, similar to the one used for humans, falls under the so-called "big five" personality traits model: They include extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience. As a quick refresher, extroversion is connected to talkativeness, sociability, and high emotional expressiveness; agreeableness to altruism and kindness; openness to broad interests and imagination; conscientiousness to impulse control; and neuroticism to moodiness and emotional instability. Read more about psychology: Why our brains love Instagram A group of people sitting in a park Scale for measuring animal personality falls under the "Big 5" traits used for humans The researchers defined "personality" as individual characteristics that are fairly stable, and which last an entire lifetime. To prove if the observed behaviors could truly be viewed as personality traits, scientists then put mice in a stressful situation. Even though the behavior of mice changed, what the researchers assessed to be their personal characteristics remained the same. This led to the conclusion that every mouse had a unique, individual personality. The researchers, who came from the Weizman Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel and the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry in Munich, published their study on November 4th in the journal Nature Neuroscience. Genes play a crucial role During research, the team also examined the relationship between genetics and behavior, which has long remained an open question in science. Behavioral genetics is not a new field, as there is no more doubt that genes influence the development of our personalities. However, understanding in which way we inherit certain characteristics is relevant for understanding of how the rest of our personality is influenced by the environment we live in. In this case, the results suggested that the lab mice, despite having lived for generations in a lab, still had personality traits and inherited behaviors from their ancestors, who lived freely in nature for millions of years. How can this help us humans? One of the lead researchers, Dr. Oren Forkosh, points out that understanding the way children inherit certain aspects of their personalities is now opening the door for better diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses. When these genes trigger pathological behavior, examining how genes form personalities could help with the development of more individualized psychotherapies. A personalized therapy could, for example, include the prescription of more specific and effective treatments for depression. Read more: Sick days due to mental health problems on the rise Young man at a psychiatrist Understanding how we inherit personality traits could contribute to personalized therapy Put differently, personalized medicine is focused on identifying how some of our inherited characteristics, like openness or neuroticism, will influence the success rate of a specific treatment. Identifying these connections between personality, genes and medicines may help find a better match between a patient suffering from mental illness and the prescribed treatment. Depression, which is one of the most common mental illnesses with around 300 million people suffering worldwide, is a clear target of personalized medicine. Severe depression can lead to suicide, which is one of the three leading causes of death among both females and males aged between 15 and 44, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Read more: WHO calls for suicide prevention strategy as global rate dips If you are suffering from emotional strain or suicidal thoughts, seek professional help. You can find information on where to find help, no matter where you live in the world, at this website: www.befrienders.org
views updated Geometridae (geometers, loopers, earth measurers, inch worms, carpet moths, waves, pugs; subclass Pterygota, order Lepidoptera) Huge family of small to medium-sized, often cryptically coloured moths, with a slender body and relatively broad wings. In the females of some species the wings are reduced. All or some abdominal ‘legs’ are absent from the larvae, except for the last pair. The larvae frequently resemble twigs and progress in a looping fashion. There are about 12 000 species. The family has a world-wide distribution.
Subscribe here, or by clicking subscribe above! It’s June 17, 1896, and Norwegian polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen is waking up after another frigid night spent on Franz Josef Land. It’s an uninhabited archipelago north of Siberia in the Arctic Ocean. With his assistant Hjalmar Johansen still snoozing nearby, Nansen starts a fire, tosses some meat into a pot to make soup, and climbs atop a rocky hill to admire the view. That’s when he hears it—the unmistakable sound of dogs barking. He’s shocked, because their last sled dog died months ago. The two explorers haven’t laid eyes on another human since they abandoned their ice-bound ship, the Fram, on March 14, 1895. They had left Norway in 1893, and soon after, the Fram was stuck in ice. This was by design: Nansen wanted to drift to the North Pole on ocean currents. But after a year and a half adrift, Nansen realized they weren’t going to make it. He and Johansen tried, unsuccessfully, to ski to the Pole. Now, they’d retreated hundreds of miles over ice and open water to this spot, and they had many more to go before rescue could be contemplated. So, when Nansen hears far-off barks, he tells himself it’s probably just birds. Then, he hears the noise again. Now he’s almost certain that dogs—and their human handlers—must be close by. He wakes Johansen, but his companion doubts the news. Nansen locates what he thinks are dog tracks, and then hears an even more thrilling sound: a human shout, which he returns with a mighty cry of his own. He hurries toward the noise and sees a figure he later describes as a “civilized European in an English check suit and high rubber water-boots, well shaved, well groomed, bringing with him a perfume of scented soap.” It’s Frederick Jackson, a British explorer tasked with charting a land route to the North Pole. Nansen, shaggy-haired and caked in soot and walrus grease, is much less identifiable. Halfway through their conversation, Jackson finally places the face. “Aren’t you Nansen?” he exclaims, and Nansen confirms it. “I congratulate you most heartily,” Jackson says, amid lots of beaming and hand-shaking. “You have made a good trip of it, and I am awfully glad to be the first person to congratulate you on your return." A surprise encounter with any long-lost explorer is cause for celebration, but Nansen’s safe return was extra thrilling. Until then, the quest for the North Pole had been mostly a procession of massive expeditions. Government and private investors had funneled their money into ships that carried over a hundred crew and luxuries like libraries and printing presses Nansen’s expedition was the opposite: a custom-engineered vessel with a small crew and equipment he designed for polar travel. His success not only astonished people, it also ushered in a new era of polar exploration that favored tested theories over wishful thinking, self-organization over government sponsorship, and minimalism over the idea that bigger was better. But before Nansen’s triumph, British explorers were still trying to reach the North Pole the old-fashioned way. In the 1870s, polar explorers were professionals backed by world powers, and independent adventurers with big dreams but little experience. Some failed, and some died. But others got closer to the mythical point on the map than ever before, and lived to tell about it. The international competition to be the first at the Pole was on. From Mental Floss and iHeartRadio, this is The Quest for the North Pole. I’m your host, Kat Long, science editor at Mental Floss, and this is Episode Three: The Turning Point. By the second half of the 19th century, many of Britain’s esteemed pioneers were no longer leading the Arctic charge. Admiralty second secretary Sir John Barrow, who had spearheaded Britain’s polar exploration campaign for decades, had passed away in 1848. The fate of Sir John Franklin, who became the most famous explorer on Earth because he and all of his men perished in the Arctic, had come to light in 1859. For all the British effort put toward navigating the Northwest Passage, the discoveries of the last several decades had proven what William Scoresby asserted back in 1817: that it just wasn’t worth it, commercially speaking. But the country’s huge emotional and financial investment in polar discovery made throwing in the towel now seem almost disgraceful. As nations like Russia, the U.S., and what is now Norway set their sights on the region, Britain started viewing the North Pole as a symbol of its continuing dominance. As Arctic veteran and British army general Edward Sabine wrote in the 1860s, “To reach the Pole is the greatest geographical achievement which can be attempted, and I own I should grieve if it should be first accomplished by any other than an Englishman; it will be the crowning enterprise of those Arctic researches in which our country has hitherto had the preeminence.” The public easily latched onto this idea of a single, glamorous spot on the map. Edward J. Larson: The North Pole was a fundamentally romantic goal, promising glory to anyone who could achieve it. That’s Edward J. Larson, a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian and the author of An Empire of Ice: Scott, Shackleton, and the Heroic Age of Antarctic Science. Larson: Now the winner might cash in through publishing contracts and speaking fees. And his country, I guess, would gain prestige in an ever more imperialistic and nationalistic age, but no one... And this is important to remember, as distinguishing Arctic exploration with Antarctic or with African or with South Pacific exploration, but no one expected a conquest of concrete value. Because the North Pole was merely a point on shifting ice with no appreciable scientific value. Maybe that last part is a bit mean. In 1875 Sir Clements Robert Markham, then-secretary and future president of the Royal Geographical Society, gave a long list of scientific advancements that could only be accomplished by trying for the Pole. But British citizens and key officials were pushing for a government-sponsored expedition to plant the Union Jack at 90° North, and scientific value ranked much lower on the list of priorities. While earlier Arctic exploration was all about charting the entire Northwest Passage, this latest phase focused on simply getting to the North Pole. Here’s Larson again. Larson: Once reached, some ask, even at the time, "Who would ever want to go again?" But it was that sort of a romantic goal, at a time when machines were replacing men as the engines of production, and faceless bureaucrats seemed to be taking the place of principled leaders. Here was an objective, a goal requiring invincible will, indefatigable drive and indomitable courage. In short, attaining the goal was a fundamentally human achievement. The British Admiralty would need a dauntless, dashing leader to be the face of that uniquely human spirit for the new mission. They found it in Sir George Strong Nares. Sir George Strong Nares's flagship, HMS Alert, lies surrounded by ice in Robeson Channel.George Strong Nares, Narrative of a Voyage to the Polar Sea During 1875-1876 in H.M. Ships Alert and Discovery, Wikimedia Commons // Public Domain Nares was a 44-year-old career naval officer with a dynamite résumé and limitless ambition. After enlisting in the Royal Navy at the ripe old age of 14 [PDF], he embarked on a series of voyages that whisked him through the Mediterranean, South Pacific, Red Sea, Australian waters, and beyond. He was captain of the HMS Challenger on its mission to study the ocean. He served in the Crimean War. He even authored a bestselling naval manual titled Seamanship. Nares was no stranger to the Arctic, either. In 1852, he joined an expedition to find Sir John Franklin and his missing ships. They didn’t, of course, but they ended up saving a previous rescue expedition, which was marooned in ice. As the Admiralty prepared to send Nares north again, the British public was swept up in a nationalistic fervor much like the feeling in the U.S. during the 20th-century space race. The North Pole was the moon, George Nares was a hopeful Neil Armstrong, and newspapers like the Illustrated London News and The Graphic reported faithfully on every emerging detail. It soon became clear that while the government had updated its primary goal, it hadn’t updated the strategy or structure of the expedition ... at all. This wasn’t surprising—most expeditions from the era followed a certain predictable pattern. P.J. Capelotti: It was a series of absolutely catastrophic mismanaged and or fatal expeditions to the North Pole or attempts on the North Pole. That’s P.J. Capelotti, a professor of anthropology at Penn State Abingdon and the author of The Greatest Show in the Arctic Capelotti: The U.S. Army had one, the U.S. Navy had one, the British, the Nares expedition in the middle of the 1870s had been pretty much of a disaster. These big national expeditions were turning out to be complete flops because they were big, they were unwieldy, over-planned, staffed with these dozens and dozens of crew members and so forth. Nares’s expedition, which was formally christened the “British Arctic Expedition,” would consist of two similarly-sized ships. Nares would command the flagship, a 160-foot steam sloop named the HMS Alert. And Henry F. Stephenson would captain the HMS Discovery, a 166-foot steam whaler. Anticipating ice floes battering the ships, builders had outfitted their hulls with sturdy wooden beams and iron plating. Each ship would house 13 officers, which comprised captains, lieutenants, surgeons, and scientific leaders—basically, anyone allowed to give orders. The rest of the men on board followed those orders. In addition to able seamen, stewards, and cooks, this group also included carpenters, coopers, furnace stokers, and ice quartermasters. There was even a ropemaker. Altogether, 120 people would set sail for the Pole—just slightly smaller than the number that perished with John Franklin a few decades earlier. With that catastrophe still fresh in memory, the Admiralty might have tried to risk fewer lives this time around. But people were reluctant to entertain the idea that the Nares expedition would be anything besides a smashing success. Nares downplayed the hazards in a lecture at the Winchester Guildhall weeks before departure. According to The Pall Mall Gazette, he claimed that “the danger of the present expedition became mere child’s play when compared with what previous explorers had undergone.” Nares may have had enough experience to feel like he could speak so confidently, but the same couldn’t be said for his officers, who had limited Arctic experience at best. This might have been OK if they had taken the advice of previous explorers and/or studied the time-tested techniques of Inuit in the North. They didn’t do either. For example, Inuit favored loose-fitting, fur-lined sealskin for apparel, complete with hooded parkas that prevented heat from escaping around their necks. Nares and his crew donned form-fitting flannel and woolen clothing that was a huge pain to strip off when it got wet and froze—which happened often. There wasn’t a hood in sight. Hudson’s Bay Company surveyor John Rae, who had spent years exploring the Canadian Arctic, tried again and again to share Inuit wisdom with the explorers before their departure. He told them that sheltering in snow instead of in tents would better insulate them from the cold and also keep them from having to lug tents and heavy bedding around. They didn’t listen. Rae even shared his Inuit-inspired design for a lighter, more streamlined sledge that was less likely to sink or get stuck in deep snow. Nares’s expedition still opted for the heavy, clumsy sledges used on past Navy trips. One person did act on at least one of Rae’s recommendations and brought snowshoes, even though other so-called experts had assured everyone that they wouldn’t be necessary. When the other crew members spotted the snowshoes on the ship, they burst into laughter. On a side note, back in the 1850s, Rae had learned from the Inuit the fate of the doomed Franklin crew: it seemed they had even resorted to cannibalism. While true, that offended Victorian sensibilities so much that Rae became a pariah. That may have played in to Nares’s reluctance to heed his advice. On May 29, 1875, the Alert and the Discovery set sail from Portsmouth Harbor with great fanfare, and the public prepared to follow what they expected to be the greatest adventure story ever told. Beneath its confident surface, however, the expedition was a disaster in the making. As the Canadian historian Pierre Berton writes in his book The Arctic Grail, “Badly and hastily organized with a smugness and an arrogance that in hindsight seem almost criminal, this band of amateurs set off blithely, as so many had before it, without any real idea of what they were facing.” Albert Hastings Markham's farthest north is illustrated in this 19th-century painting.Richard Brydges Beechey, Captain Markham's Most Northerly Encampment, National Maritime Museum // Public Domain It wouldn’t take long for them to find out. The two ships sailed up Kennedy Channel, with Canada’s Ellesmere Island to the west and Greenland to the east. They followed the path blazed by American explorer Charles Francis Hall in 1871, and hoped to put the question of an open polar sea to rest once and for all. As we’ve discussed in previous episodes, this was the theory that a warm ocean circled by a ring of ice surrounded the North Pole. If a ship could break through the ice, they’d find a navigable sea to take them to the Pole. Nares was smart enough to doubt this theory, and once the ships were through the Kennedy Channel, he saw massive ice floes over 30 feet tall and a maze of craggy ice that seemed to reach the horizon. The commander realized immediately that no ship could sail to the Pole. Stephenson stationed the Discovery in Lady Franklin Bay and started preparing to spend the winter there. Nares, farther north in Robeson Channel, needed to find somewhere safe to pass the winter—and fast, before the ice froze around them. They sailed northwest, and ended up anchoring in an inlet near the northern edge of Ellesmere Island, about 500 miles from the Pole as the puffin flies. Just beyond their insulated refuge, 30,000-ton ice chunks formed a 50-foot wall. Nares’s first mate, Albert Hastings Markham, later described the vista as “a solid, impenetrable mass that no amount of imagination or theoretical belief could ever twist into an ‘Open Polar Sea.’” They spent the long winter reading and playing parlor games. They constructed an observatory for skygazing, and even staged plays in “The Royal Arctic Theatre,” an English polar tradition started by William Edward Parry in 1819. Nares recalled, “Owing to the large size of the lower deck we are enabled to erect the stage there with the temperature of 50°, an advantage appreciated by both actors and audience. A representation held on the upper deck, with a temperature of about 20° below zero leads everyone to long for the finale at an early hour.” In spring 1876, two dog sled teams from the Alert tried and failed to reunite with the Discovery. Nares felt like the dogs couldn’t handle all the ice hummocks. In reality, the untrained men and bulky sledges were probably more at fault than the animals. How hard is it to drive a dogsled, anyway? Here’s Russell Potter, an expert on Arctic history at Rhode Island College and the author of Finding Franklin: The Untold Story of a 165-Year Search. Russell Potter: I worked some years ago up in the Arctic with a guide. He was actually the safety officer on the NOVA show we did about the Franklin expedition, and he is a dog driver and a guide. And I said, "Well, what do you do to train dogs to pull?" And he said, "You don't. You just hook them up and they pull, but having them pull in an organized way." The traditional Inuit way has leads that are made out of softened seal skin, making sure the leads don't get tangled, figuring out who the lead dog is going to be, keeping your dogs in order while you travel, that takes a fair amount of practice. You can't just learn it like riding a bicycle or something. You would have to spend some months, if not longer, apprenticing to people who know what they're doing, and eventually you'll get the hang of it. But most explorers were in the Arctic to get someplace or discover something, not to learn the art of dogsledding, so few did. And, their preference for manpower over dog power was baked into British polar culture. Potter: I think there is an aspect to it that is particularly British. The idea that somehow if you were to use any labor, other than human labor, you would be cheating, right? And certainly going native as some people would have regarded it at the time would be regarded as a failing of some kind. So they did, on some of the Franklin searches, and Franklin himself brought some sleds, but the idea of pulling them was to have men pull them instead of dogs, which was of course a much worse way of traveling. On April 3, Albert Markham and another officer named Pelham Aldrich led two more teams—without dogs—to explore the region. They promptly fell victim to just about everything John Rae had tried to help them avoid. Without snowshoes, they slogged through waist-high snow, which soaked their clothes and gear. Their sleeping bags froze into solid slabs. Their supplies were saturated with water and ice, adding weight to their already-heavy loads. Miserable, yes, but those issues were nothing compared to scurvy. Scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C, which humans can’t produce on their own. As long as you occasionally eat fresh fruits and vegetables, you’re probably consuming enough vitamin C that you never have to worry about developing it. Physicians in the 19th century didn’t yet understand that scurvy is caused by a vitamin C deficiency, since vitamin C was only discovered in the 20th century. But they did know that eating fresh fruits and veggies seemed to cure it. Unfortunately for polar explorers, fresh produce was almost impossible to come by on long journeys, so the Admiralty issued lemon or lime juice rations to all sailors. The Nares expedition did have lime juice on board, but the sledging parties didn’t bring any with them, since it would freeze and break its glass containers. Instead, each man only had about 12 ounces of salted meat per day to see him through all that grueling labor, and nothing to prevent scurvy. Just as naval officials had reassured Nares’s men that the snug clothing, heavy sledges, and lack of snowshoes would all be fine, so too did they wave away worries about the potential for scurvy. When several members of the sledging teams started to feel under the weather, Markham and Aldrich chalked it up to fatigue. But fatigue is an early symptom of scurvy. Others are joint pain, bruising, and irritability, which could all be explained by their general situation. Severe symptoms are a little more telling: spongy, blackened gums, teeth that loosen or fall out, and healed wounds that start to bleed again. Markham headed north, and Aldrich continued westward. As their men became more debilitated, each officer faced a grave emergency. If they didn’t turn around and get some lime juice into their men, they would die. On May 12, Markham stuck the British flag into the ice at 83° 20’—still 460 statute miles from the Pole—and high-tailed it back to the Alert. Aldrich traveled almost 200 statute miles west before turning back. Most of the men survived, thanks to the heroic efforts of Lieutenant A.A.C. Parr and some quick thinking on Nares’s part. On June 7, Parr left Markham’s party and traveled alone for 40 miles in 23 hours to get help. Nares deployed men and dogsleds to rescue them, and soon sent a party to Aldrich’s crew, assuming they were in a similar bind. They were—four men were lying on the sledges, and the others were dragging them through the snow. The rescuers delivered everyone back to the Alert, where scurvy was ripping through the remaining men. Nares realized it was time to pack it in, lest he lose the whole crew. He used gunpowder to break up the ice around the ship and set sail toward the Discovery in mid-summer. Hans Henrik, his wife, and their son pose for Thomas Mitchell's photograph aboard the HMS Discovery.Thomas Mitchell, in Memoirs of Hans Hendrik, The Arctic Traveller, Serving under Kane, Hayes, Hall and Nares, 1853-1876, Wikimedia Commons // Public Domain The Discovery was also battling scurvy, and two men had died on a sledging trip. Fortunately, the Inuit hunter, interpreter, and dog driver Hans Hendrik—a veteran of several British and American polar expeditions—was a part of the Discovery’s crew. He had rescued the others by hunting seals and doling out raw meat, which contains some vitamin C. This was another helpful hint that white explorers could have picked up from Inuit, who staved off scurvy despite having few greens in their diet. Their traditional foods include raw meat, and they sometimes ate pre-digested plant matter from the stomachs of caribou they killed. The crews of the Alert and Discovery were too depleted to do much beyond staying alive long enough to get home—and Nares knew it. Without reaching their goal, the two ships charted a course toward England. They arrived there on November 2, 1876, to a mixed reception. Banquets were held, medals were awarded, and Queen Victoria even sent a congratulatory message. But the media lambasted the expedition for falling short of its single goal and embarrassing the nation on a global stage. The Admiralty agreed, and actually launched an investigation to find out why scurvy was such an issue. They eventually came to the conclusion that in future expeditions, there should be less rum and more lime juice. Objectively, the expedition wasn’t a complete disaster. It had surveyed land and recorded new scientific data; established that Ellesmere Island was part of Canada, and thus part of the British Commonwealth; and set a new record for northern progress. If the government and the press had both set different expectations from the beginning, it could have been considered a victory. Alas, Nares’s failure to achieve his one-note goal of reaching the North Pole made the whole effort seem like a failure overall. The Royal Navy relinquished its hope, articulated by Edward Sabine, that British adventurers would stand atop the world. In fact, Britain did a complete 180 and focused its attention on conquering the South Pole. That left a door open for other nations to succeed in the North. We’ll be right back. While Britain was busy dealing with the fallout from Nares’s expedition, a teenaged Fridtjof Nansen was honing his skiing skills in Norway. Nansen was born outside Oslo—then called Christiania—in 1861 to a successful lawyer father and a mother who raised capable, outdoorsy kids. By the time Nansen enrolled in the University of Oslo in 1881, he was sort of an Übermensch, physically and mentally. He could skate, swim, sketch, and ski better than most, and he showed a special aptitude for learning science. While studying zoology in college, he spent months on a sealing ship in Greenland, embarked on long ski trips, and served as the Bergen Museum’s zoological curator. Here’s a portrait of Nansen in Capelotti’s words. Capelotti: Very cultured, educated, well-read, multiple languages, all of that on the one hand. And on the other hand, this almost primitive human which again is the other half of the Norwegian character. Living outdoors, playing outdoors, surviving out of doors in all seasons at all ages. This is somebody who's strapped on his first pair of skis when he was two and later in life would laugh at people who were trying to learn how to ski. I think he won the combined Norwegian cross country, skiing, skating competition a dozen years in a row or something. Just a phenomenal—what today would be, he would be one of these people you would absolutely hate his guts. And a lot of people did hate his guts in his day. He was almost impossible to work with because he was so smart, he was so athletic, he was so good-looking. But he being Norwegian had had his very dark moods where he loathed himself and didn't think he was nearly accomplished as much as he should be. Thought he was scattering his talents too far and wide, not doing what the great men of history did, which is finding a single furrow and plowing it over and over again until they reached their goal. In retrospect, it seems like Nansen was destined for greatness. At the time, however, some of his ideas were considered off the wall. After finishing his Ph.D. in 1888, Nansen hatched a plan to traverse the entire Greenland ice cap, which no white person had ever done before. If the trip itself seemed daunting, Nansen’s strategy was even more so. A ship deposited him and his five companions off the uninhabited east coast of Greenland and then departed, leaving them no choice but to make it to the populated west coast or die trying. In fact, that was Nansen’s slogan: “Death or the west coast!" Fridtjof Nansen: You just want to hate his guts.Bliss Brothers, Wikimedia Commons // Public Domain In August 1888, Nansen and the others put on their snowshoes and started their uphill climb, dragging more than 200 pounds of supplies on their sledges. Overnight temperatures plunged to -40°F or even colder. Nansen’s men realized that their pemmican, their main source of nourishment, had accidentally been made without fat, an essential ingredient for energy. They were ravenous throughout the trip. About three weeks later, they reached the peak of the ice cap at 8924 feet above sea level. They switched to skis and headed downhill, hungry and exhausted. They even had to build a boat from stunted Arctic willow trees to carry them across a fjord. By October, all six men had landed in Godthaab, a Danish settlement on the west coast. (It’s now Nuuk, the capital of Greenland.) They had done it—but now they had to spend the winter in Greenland, since it was too late in the season to hitch a ride back to Norway. Nansen practiced hunting and kayaking, and tried to learn as much as he could from Native people in Greenland. When he returned to Norway the following May, he was well-equipped for his next great adventure. The idea for the expedition started with the USS Jeannette, a ship carrying an American expedition to the North Pole via the Bering Strait. In June 1881, ice floes had crushed and sunk the Jeannette in the East Siberian Sea. Yet, three years later, wreckage thought to be from that very ship washed up in southwest Greenland. Here’s Capelotti. Capelotti: When he read about this wreckage washing ashore, coming down in the ice, and heard that it was from the Jeannette. He also read that there was a Norwegian professor, a guy named Henrik Mohn, speculating that it had gotten from the North of Siberia, where the Jeannette was wrecked, all the way to the west coast of Greenland. Very strange. Because there was a current carrying it that way. Nansen looked at these disastrous expeditions, overwrought, over personneled and all the rest of it. And looked at the Jeannette of course, and said, "I'd like to do a Jeannette expedition. I just don't want my ship crushed like the Jeannette." Because if there is a current that goes from Siberia over to Greenland, if I can figure out a way to design and build a ship that will go with the ice instead of being crushed by the ice, then all I have to do is do exactly what the Jeannette did. Go to the north coast of Siberia, stick the bow of my ship in the ice and let it get frozen in and let the ice just carry me across the North Pole. In February 1890, Nansen presented this far-out notion to the Christiania Geographical Society. “I believe,” he said, “that if we pay attention to the actually existent forces of nature, and seek to work with them and not against them, we shall thus find the safest and easiest method of reaching the Pole." Ships always ran the risk of being crushed by the shifting ice floes. Nansen had an answer for this, too: he’d design a small, strong ship with a rounded hull, so it would be pushed above the ice instead of below it. Plenty of experts still considered this plan “sheer madness,” in Nansen’s own words, but there was also enough hopeful curiosity to finance it. In 1892, with funds from the Norwegian Parliament and a mix of private sponsors, Nansen commissioned a Norwegian shipbuilder named Colin Archer to construct a highly unconventional wooden schooner. Nansen’s wife, Eva, named it the Fram—Norwegian for forward. Capelotti: It was designed to do exactly what the Jeannette could not do. It was designed like no other ship. It was designed this rounded stern, rounded bow, rounded sides, two foot thick halls of the strongest wood on the planet and at the bow that increased to four feet. And on top of that four feet of very hard wood was some iron and an iron stem. It had a rudder and a propeller, a mechanism at the stern for propulsion that could be lifted out of the water so the ice couldn't damage the rudder and the propeller. Nansen, I think referred to it as it was going to be like an eel that would slip out of your hands. And some other people have referred to it as like what happens when you pinch a watermelon seed between your fingers. And that's what he wanted the ship to do in the ice. That when the ice came to crush it, it would squeeze it but it would never get a grip on it because the sides were all rounded and would just ride up on the ice. The Fram’s design also had some features to keep the crew in comfort, especially during the long polar night. It had what was likely the first electric lighting system on an Arctic voyage, powered by a windmill. Capelotti: When it worked and the lights came on, it was by all accounts a spectacular sight. Because here you are in the middle of polar darkness on a frozen sea. You're absolutely out the back end of nowhere. There's nobody coming for you if anything goes wrong and the natural depression that sets in with 24 hours of darkness. And here you have this creaking windmills starting to turn and these lights coming on. It must have been a spectacular thing to see. And you had the Northern lights, you had the stars, the moon and so forth. Even with the light show, Nansen’s crew would need almost superhuman patience during their years in the polar desert. He thought Norwegians were uniquely suited for the task. According to Berton, Nansen thought only Norwegians “could sit face to face on a cake of ice for three years without hating each other." Otto Sverdrup had proven himself a worthy companion during the Greenland expedition, and Nansen chose him to captain the Fram. With 11 other mettlesome Norwegians, they set sail from Christiania on June 24, 1893, and headed east along the Siberian coast. They stopped in August to pick up 34 sled dogs, and by September 25, the Fram was successfully lodged in ice around where the Jeannette had perished near the New Siberian Islands. For more than a year, the Fram slowly progressed northwest, and the crew passed the time making scientific observations of air and water temperatures, marine life, ice thickness, and electricity in the air. “Our object,” he said, “is to investigate the great unknown region that surrounds the Pole, and these investigations will be equally important from a scientific point of view whether the expedition passes over the polar point itself or at some distance from it.” He considered reaching the North Pole “intrinsically of small moment.” Fridtjof Nansen chills in front of the Fram during its drift across the Arctic seas.National Museum of Norway, Wikimedia Commons // Public Domain In their free time, the men played games, performed songs on the organ and accordion, and feasted on fresh bread, chocolate, and gourmet cheeses. Nansen said, “we looked like fatted pigs; one or two even began to cultivate a double chin.” With potatoes and vegetables in abundance, no man showed signs of scurvy, and the overall health of the crew was so good that the ship’s doctor started to get bored. According to Nansen, “he looked long and vainly for patients, and at last had to give it up and in despair take to doctoring the dogs.” The Fram proved slight and sturdy enough to perform as Nansen had intended, but it wasn’t without issues. Here’s Capelloti. Capelotti: They weren't going nearly as fast as they thought they needed to. And secondarily, Nansen designed Fram to be a shallow water vessel. Apparently it was just a motion sickness machine. And they were stuck. They had no ability to get messages out to the world. They really were not going anywhere fast enough. He thought that this drift might go on for five years and then still maybe not even get to the pole. And that's when, within a few months really, he took Otto Sverdrup, the captain of the Fram aside and said, "We're going to have to use our dogs and make a dash for the pole." After a year in the ice, they said, "Yeah, we're going to have to do that." Let’s take a break here. We'll be right back. Nansen was a scientist, but he was still an adventurer at heart. On March 14, 1895, he and Hjalmar Johansen left the Fram with three sledges, two kayaks, three months of provisions, and 28 dogs. The ship continued drifting slowly toward Spitsbergen on the Norwegian archipelago Svalbard, and the two intrepid travelers trekked north alone. Here’s Capelotti. Capelotti: They were going great guns for a couple of weeks. They had the supplies, Johansen was an expert dog driver. Nansen had taught himself to be an adequate dog driver and they were on their way. There is no question he would have reached the North Pole, because the first hundred miles or so, the ice was perfectly smooth. When they left the Fram, they were still about 400 miles from the Pole. But then about in about 100, 120 miles, they just ran into absolute chaos, hummocks, bad ice, and all the rest of it. And they were basically stopped in their tracks. Their speed went from about 10 miles a day down to about nothing to four or five, six miles a day. And of course their supplies were dwindling and by April 7th or 8th, Nansen realizes that if they don't turn around, they're going to run out of food. It wasn’t just the landscape that made for slow progress. Like William Edward Parry had discovered back in 1827, Nansen realized that the ice floes were floating south. This was a useful revelation in his study of oceanic currents, but a disappointment for their North Pole quest. Nansen and Johansen were essentially trying to walk up a down escalator. On April 8, Nansen wrote in his journal, “There is not much sense in keeping on longer; we are sacrificing valuable time and doing little.” That same day, they reached 86° 13.6’ North—besting Markham’s record by 200 miles—and then decided to turn around. Since the Fram had long since drifted away, their only choice was to head for the nearest land. That was 400 miles southwest: the islands of Franz Josef Land. They set off on what ended up being the most difficult portion of the expedition. The Fram had shielded its passengers from the ceaseless movement of the ice floes. Now, Nansen and Johansen experienced the worst of it. They paddled through deep lanes of water when the floes separated, and scrambled over icy hummocks when they collided. As their food stocks dwindled, they killed and ate the dogs. On June 14, Nansen wrote: “A quarter of a year have we been wandering in this desert of ice, and here we are still. When we shall see the end of it I can no longer form any idea.” In late August, they finally came upon a small unoccupied island just north of Franz Josef Land and resigned themselves to settling in for the winter, since it would be too dangerous to continue traveling in the cold and darkness. Here they constructed a shelter they called The Hole. Capelotti: They cleared away some fairly significant stones and scraped along the ground and carved out a place, it's about 12 feet long by about three or four feet wide. And then with the stones on the side, over the stones longitudinally, they laid an enormous piece of Siberian driftwood. And this log is as thick as a telephone pole and almost as big. Dragging this thing up to this shelf where they constructed this literally like a little slit trench in the ground. And then they dragged up this log, which for two men to have done that at the end of what was a very challenging expedition to the attempt on the pole, was a feat of Herculean strength. Over that, they drape some walrus hides and that way they make a lean to, into which the two of them shared a sleeping bag for just about the next six months. They took walks for exercise. They slept as much as possible simply to pass the time. Nansen wrote little beyond basic meteorological data. As he later said, “The very emptiness of the journal really gives the best representation of our life during the nine months we lived there.” Capelotti: They hunted a lot of food in the form of polar bears and walrus. There was an attack by a polar bear and even as one was being mauled by a polar bear, they were speaking to each other in formal Norwegian, they didn't use the familiar form of du or even use their ... It was always Dr. Nansen, Lieutenant Johansen. They never referred to each other by their first names. And in that way, they survived the winter and in fact emerge in the spring as, in Nansen's words, fat as seals. On May 19, 1896, the companions deemed it safe enough to set off again. Despite heavy storms they made it to Franz Josef Land’s southern islands within a month. That’s where they were on June 17, when they were found by English explorer Frederick Jackson, who was on his own attempt at the North Pole. A 19th-century map shows the route taken by the Fram across the Arctic Ocean.Popular Science, Wikimedia Commons // Public Domain Nansen accompanied Jackson back to his hut, and some of the others went to fetch Johansen. Soon, they were clean, well-fed, and catching up with the Englishmen as if they had known them for years. As Nansen later wrote, “We could not have fallen into better hands, and it is impossible to describe the unequaled hospitality and kindness we met with on all hands, and the comfort we feel.” Nansen and Johansen hitched a ride to Vardø, Norway, aboard Jackson’s ship, the SS Windward. At last, on August 13, 1896, the two explorers who had been given up for dead stepped onto Norwegian soil. Meanwhile, back at the Fram, the rest of the crew was in good health. The ship happened to break free from the ice near Spitsbergen on the very same day that Nansen and Johansen alighted in Vardø. Just a week later, the Fram docked near Tromsø, Norway. Though Nansen was never in it for fame or glory, he earned quite a bit of both upon his return. His small ship literally didn’t crack under pressure. He found evidence to support his theories about oceanic currents. He reached farther north than anyone had before. And he did it all without sacrificing a single human life. In short, his mad plan had worked—and the world was in awe. Norway had very high expectations of its new national hero. Nationalism was already on the rise, and Nansen was the perfect rallying point. He joined the movement for Norwegian independence from Sweden, which was secured in 1905. He then served as the nation’s ambassador to Great Britain until 1908, and became a professor of oceanography at the Royal Frederik’s University, now the University of Oslo. And that was just the tip of the iceberg. During World War I, Nansen negotiated humanitarian agreements as Norway’s delegate to the League of Nations in Washington, D.C. After the war, he created an international ID called the “Nansen passport” that stateless refugees could use to immigrate and reestablish themselves. He also oversaw the process of helping about half a million prisoners of war get back home. In the early 1920s, the Red Cross enlisted Nansen to manage relief efforts for 22 million Russians suffering in that country’s devastating famine. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922 for his ceaseless humanitarian actions. Eight years later, he died at age 68 at his estate in Oslo, which is now the Fridtjof Nansen Institute for environmental policy, law, and research. Nansen’s extraordinary achievements might make George Nares look like an underachiever—but that’s not exactly accurate. Queen Victoria knighted him, he was promoted to Vice Admiral, and he received honors from the Geological Society of London and the Geographical Society of Paris. Though he didn’t return to the Arctic, he surveyed the Strait of Magellan and spent his later life as the appointed conservator of the River Mersey near Liverpool. He died in 1915 and was buried in Surrey, England. Nares’s earlier exploration in the Challenger also laid the foundation for the science of oceanography. The data collected on temperature, currents, depths, and more filled 50 published volumes, and modern oceanographers still use them today. In fact, it’s likely that this research influenced Nansen’s theories on polar currents and helped inspire his own journey north. However, with the end of Nares’s disastrous voyage, British Arctic exploration also ended. Most of the northern regions had been fully explored and charted. The real challenge now lay to the south. Nares’s defeat laid the groundwork for the next great phase of British exploration, with Robert Falcon Scott, Ernest Shackleton, and their Norwegian nemesis Roald Amundsen all vying to be first at the South Pole. Nares failed at his one goal so spectacularly that he ended an entire era of polar exploration, while Nansen succeeded to such a stunning degree that he launched a whole new one. Nansen’s innovations in ship design, clothing, and transportation totally transformed the race to the North Pole. From now on, adventurers would plan small expeditions, travel light (usually with dogsleds), harness the power of nature, and take cues from Indigenous ways to achieve their goals. Capelotti: After Nansen, if you didn't know how to drive dogs and you didn't know how to cross country ski, then you were really wasting everybody's time in exploration. You had to be doing biology, physical recordings, geomagnetism, atmospherics and so forth. I'm trying to understand what caused the Aurora, all of these kinds of things. If you weren't doing something like that, then you weren't going to get the financial backing of the newly created serious scientific societies. All of that is really a legacy of Nansen being this, this kind of towering figure that straddled both science and exploration and had enormous clout with scientific societies and governments and corporations. Nansen was even savvy to the possibilities of corporate sponsorship and product endorsement. Capelotti: People talk about Americans being brand conscious and selling their souls to advertise this, that, and the other but Nansen was one of the pioneers of that. There was nothing he wouldn't endorse if it would provide a few bucks for his employees. All of those things were the way exploration was going to be done in the first half of the 20th century. Nansen was a born innovator, never settling for the conventional way of doing things and driven by curiosity, courage, and conscience. As we shall see, Nansen’s stature as a polar hero spurred American explorer Robert E. Peary to aim higher. He would use some of the polar traveling techniques that Nansen invented and rely on his senior assistant, Matthew Henson, to attempt the one thing Nansen failed to do: reach the North Pole. The Quest for the North Pole is hosted by me, Kat Long. This episode was researched by me and written by Ellen Gutoskey, with fact-checking by Austin Thompson. The Executive Producers are Erin McCarthy and Tyler Klang. The Supervising Producer is Dylan Fagan. The show is edited by Dylan Fagan. For transcripts, a glossary, and to learn more about this episode, visit The Quest for the North Pole is a production of iHeartRadio and Mental Floss. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, check out the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
Teaching our children who and how to ask for help, by Paula Talman (iSpace wellbeing) Teaching our children who and how to ask for help, by Paula Talman (ISPACE WELLBEING) When I was at school, no one taught us about mental health. I spent my school days in the east coast of Ireland, growing up by the sea. It sounds idyllic and in many ways it was, but as with all childhoods, there were challenges to be faced and tough lessons to be learned. When I moved to my secondary school I struggled with learning three languages one of which was my beautiful native Gaelic tongue. I had to try extremely hard at school but it paid off and despite my language difficulties I was a high achiever. However, just when everything was going well with the teachers, I was achieving high results, I won some awards and I even got selected for the lead in the school musical, you would think things couldn’t be better right? Wrong! – now your peers don’t like you. I had attracted too much positive attention and then the bullying started. Bullying is insidious. The voices and views of others can chip away at your identity if you haven’t developed a strong sense of self or have a strong support system to tell you otherwise. As children develop their sense of self through their experiences and relationships, bullying has a significant impact on esteem, behaviour and mental wellbeing. Luckily, I had a mother who was a nurse and a sister who was a trainee psychologist and I learnt what I consider to be the most important thing we can teach our children, who and how to ask for help. When I was picked on, I knew there were people I could turn to who would help me, which in turn helped me to find my resilience and bounce back. However, mental health was when I was growing up, and perhaps still is a term full of fear and worry. Something to be whispered, avoided and shunned. Historically it is a term associated with shame and stigma. It is a term that makes people feel uncomfortable. Throughout my extensive nursing career, I now understand that the uncomfort people feel around mental health is fear. We fear what we don’t know or understand. We fear it and avoid it. But here’s why we need to embrace it. The connection between our mental, physical and social health is what contributes to our wellbeing, it is how we live life well. Throughout my career, I’ve seen first hand that mental health needs to be managed and maintained. It needs work like our physical health or our relationships, to stay in shape. You wouldn’t expect your body to be able to run a marathon without building up to it. Researching and putting in place a training plan, eating the right things to nourish your body and give it what it needs, stretching and resting to relax your weary muscles, creating a running playlist to give you that mood boosting motivation to keep going, and perhaps training with a buddy or a group to give you that extra support when you need it. Our minds are much the same. When we experience life’s ups and downs, that’s when it’s most critical for us to take good care of bodies and our minds. But how do you know this if you’ve never been taught it? Throughout my nursing career and as a nurse working in schools, I witnessed the stigma that surrounds mental health in full force. I saw as children and young adults were often debilitated by their fears, worries, thoughts and beliefs. I have seen that these can become serious issues, but when we catch these things early with education and support, we have the power to change the future for many children and young people. But education around mental health is still largely missing in society and schools until problems arise and have to be managed. It’s time to stop putting a band aid on mental health and start addressing it where it begins. This is why I created iSpace Wellbeing, the mental health and wellbeing curriculums for children 4-13+, an exciting whole school approach to mental health and wellbeing. iSpace stands for I, Stop, Pause (breathe) And Calm Everything. The characters Dunican and Niam whose Gaellic names subtly instill the beliefs of “I Can” and “I Am” in children as they travel around the wellbeing galaxy, filling their backpacks with tools and resources to build their resilience, develop an awareness of the mental and emotional wellbeing and use a common language to talk about their emotions and behavior. Our evidence-based curriculums support lessons from reception year through to year 9 and provide an age appropriate framework including who and how to ask for help, and teach a common language, which encourage conversations about mental, emotional, social and physical health to become part of everyday school and home life. Alongside the curriculums, there are toolkits which include a deck of cards which helps the children to still communicate when they are struggling to find the right words to express how they are feeling. Our first book “Have you ever had a Stressor?” is aimed to support these conversations and bring them from the classroom to the home seamlessly, ensuring parents have the tools to hand to help have the conversations they historically may have shied away from. We need to support children with their mental health as much as their physical and social health. By being brave, and facing into conversations that scare us, we can actively help our children by removing the stigma surrounding mental health. Through iSpace Wellbeing, I want you to feel supported. I want you to know that your child is learning the life skills to help them bounce back when they need to. They are learning to identify and express their needs, prioritise what they need to feel and live life well. We are teaching children, teachers and parents to learn how to take care of themselves. Teaching them the tools, skills and life lessons they can rely on when life’s ups and downs happen as they inevitably will. Most importantly, when those times come. They will know who and how to ask for help. Written by Paula Talman Founder, iSpace Wellbeing Find out more about the iSpace Wellbeing curriculums, learning tools and books here or to enquire about iSpace Wellbeing for school, email us at ask@ispacewellbeing.com For collaborations or marketing enquiries, contact marketing@ispacewellbeing.com Find out more about our journey to protect the mental health and wellbeing of over 1m children by 2025 over @iSpaceWellbeing on Instagram or @iSpaceWellbeing on Twitter.
Christianity in norway When did Christianity come to Norway? 8th century Does Norway believe in God? “The statistics show that less than half of the population in Norway believe in God . However, many believe in higher powers such as angels. What is the major religion in Norway? Who brought Christianity to Scandinavia? Olaf Tryggvason What race is Norwegian? Norwegians (Norwegian: nordmenn) are a North Germanic ethnic group native to Norway. They share a common culture and speak the Norwegian language. Norwegian people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide, notably in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Are Norwegians still pagan? Early Norwegians , like all of the people of Scandinavia, were adherents of Norse paganism ; the Sámi having a shamanistic religion. Norway was gradually Christianized by Christian missionaries between 1000 and 1150. Before the Protestant Reformation in 1536/1537, Norwegians were part of the Catholic Church. Do Norwegians still worship Thor? The old Nordic religion (asatro) today. Thor and Odin are still going strong 1000 years after the Viking Age. Modern believers in the old Nordic religion meet in the open air just as the Vikings did . Here they praise the gods and make offerings to them. Is Belgium a Nordic country? Other Nordic countries like Iceland and Norway are also doing particularly well. The Nordic countries still rule where happiness is concerned, with Denmark, Finland and Sweden sweeping the top-3 with a score of 8.0. The Netherlands and Austria got an average of 7.8, with Belgium following in 6th place with 7.6. You might be interested: Norway public universities When did Norway become Lutheran? What is the traditional food in Norway? Why do Norwegians hide brooms? Wicked Christmas Norwegians believe that Christmas Eve coincides with the arrival of evil spirits and witches. Logically, therefore, households will hide all their brooms before they go to sleep. Another tradition popular in Scandinavia is that of the Christmas goat (Julebukk in Norway or Julbock in Sweden). Is Norway a Catholic country? The Catholic Church in Norway is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, the Curia in Rome and the Scandinavian Bishops Conference. That constitutes about 5% of the population, making Norway the most Catholic country in Nordic Europe. What is Viking religion called? Old Norse religion , also known as Norse paganism, is the most common name for a branch of Germanic religion which developed during the Proto- Norse period, when the North Germanic peoples separated into a distinct branch of the Germanic peoples. It was replaced by Christianity during the Christianization of Scandinavia. What is the oldest religion? You might be interested: Norway jobs for us citizens What language did Vikings speak? Old Norse , Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlements from about the 7th to the 15th centuries. Norway Leave a Reply
Seagulls Control Solutions Seagulls are intelligent birds existing in great numbers along coastal areas, as well as inland lakes and rivers. Gulls can drink either salt or freshwater and their scavenger diets allow them great adaptability. Seagulls eat anything from dead fish and garbage to field mice and insects. The typical gull is somewhere between 18 to 24 inches tall, weighing about 2 to 3 pounds. Their generally light colored in body with black wing tips and a deep black to light gray mantle. Coloring can change between season depending on the species. Gulls enjoy protection at the federal level, mandating humane control practices. In our area seagull’s remain resident birds year round. Why are Seagull’s a Problem? Seagulls have become a major problem in our urban areas. Seagulls will roost and nest on both residential and commercial buildings. They like being up high so they can maintain a vantage point to avoid predators and to protect their nests. One of the biggest issues with these birds is the amount of droppings they leave behind. These droppings down the side of your building are obviously unsightly, but they are also corrosive. The acid level in seagull droppings is extremely high and it will eat through asphalt roofs, and cause paint to diminish much more quickly than normal. This costs building and home owners money to constantly clean up the mess left behind and to replace roofs much sooner than regular life expectancy. The other major problem is seagulls nest on roofs. Nesting season in our region is June through Sept. Seagulls become very aggressive when they are protecting their nests. They have been known to dive bomb humans that get too close. Being a protective species it is illegal to remove or tamper with a seagull nest once eggs have been laid. We can provide solutions for solutions for setting up seagull deterrents and dealing with seagull nests before they start laying their eggs. Share This
diss song , or diss track , or simply diss , is a song, almost exclusively rap , in slang , violent (even very violent), aiming at an attack against one or more other rappers ( Hit ‘Em Up de 2Pac , Autopsie 5 de La Fouine ), a blow of mouth ( J’t’mermerde of MC Jean Gab’1 ), a verbal answer to another diss ( Real Muthaphuckkin G’s of Eazy-E ). The word derives from disrespecting English . The verb “to say Comes from African-American English, although it is now used by people from all social and ethnic backgrounds. A diss song can be sung or rapped, or both. There is confusion about exactly how to write the word. It is usually spelled “diss” and “dissing”, with two “s”, but some purists consider that “dis” and “dising”, with only one “s”, is its correct spelling, being of slang origin. The two “s” give it a more “correct” value orthographically speaking. Diss is however the most conventional spelling in the English language. The first use of the word “dis” was recorded in 1985, in the song I Can not Live Without My Radio by LL Cool J : “Some jealous knuckleheads might try to dis” Some people claim that the word “dis” has its origins in the early 1970s . It should also be noted that “dis” is also the slang form of “this”. The term was used to produce a humorous effect in Weezer Buddy Holly’s first single , in 1995 , whose lyrics read, ” What’s with these homies dissin ‘my girl; why do they gotta front? ” Diss song in the world of rap In hip-hop , a diss song or diss track is a song intentionally intended to verbally attack and insult a person or group of people. The diss songs are an inseparable part of the rivalries between rap scenes (west, is for the most part) and rap groups, even between icons of different scenes (for example, Tupac Shakur and The Notorious BIG , Eazy-E and Dr. Dre , Nas and Jay-Z , Eminem with Benzino , Ja Rule , Everlast or Canibus andG-Unit against The Game ). One of the oldest examples of this type of song is The Bridge is Over by Boogie Down Productions . In some cases, the diss song may take the form of a parody of another song. An example would be No Pigeons by Sporty Thievz , which parodies the hit TLC , No Scrubs .
Communication study Communication Study Communication Study Chapter Six Social scientists play a huge role in the society development, since they normally conduct research on issues that affect people of all social strata. Nevertheless, many concepts used by social scientists are often very complex and have varied meanings. This usually makes measuring of these concepts quite challenging. Therefore, in order for researchers to obtain a wide and comprehensive coverage of the various social science concepts, there is usually the need to employ multiple indicators to ascertain the adequacy and validity of variables. Indices and scales are two types of composites normally employed by researchers in measuring variables. This chapter attempts to explore the use of indexes and scales as a measure of variable in social science research. It also discusses the various typologies employed in both qualitative and quantitative research (Babbie, 2012).Indices in this case are used to measure an individual item in relation to their importance in the concept being established. Babbie (2012) notes that indexes are normally used to measure a given social issues affecting people in the society. A scale, on the other hand, is used as a tool for ascertaining the intensity of emotions or attitude of an individual. Babbie (2012) reveals that the scales employed by the social scientists in research are normally constructed in the ordinal data level. Likert, semantic differential and Bogardus Social Distance Scales, are the typically examples of scales normally used by social scientists in their studies according to Babbie (2012). Babbie (2012) also considers the effectiveness of scales and indexes as a measure of variables in this chapter. In this regard, it comes out that scales are perceived to work better than indexes. This is because scales take into consideration the feelings being measured, as well as the intensity of the question asked, according to Babbie (2012).Chapter SevenThere are normally several data collection methods used by social scientists. Sampling is one of the most popular methods used for data collection. Sampling refers to the data collection method in which a given small sample is taken as a representative of an entire population according to Babbie (2012). In this chapter, Babbie (2012) explores sampling as a data collection technique used by social scientists. It also attempts to examine the various sampling techniques used by researchers, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of sampling as a data collection technique.Babbie (2012) reveals that sampling technique has been developing hand in hand with the political polling over the years. Babbie (2012) argues that social researchers have always employed sampling in conducting opinion polls concerning the popularity on politicians competing for office. In this regard, researchers normally take only a small sample of say 2,000 respondents who are poled in a given state or area to represent the entire population. This has been a custom in the U.S. at any given time during a run up to the general election. Normally, the final results usually falls within the confidence level provided by the researchers as was evident during the last U.S. general election that pitted Obama against Romney. However, Babbie (2012) notes that sampling is not only used in political polling but also in conducting researches that involve a large population, where only a given sample is taken to represent the entire population.In this chapter, Babbie (2012) also gives the advantages associated with sampling as a research technique used by social scientists. In this regard, Babbie (2012) reveals that sampling is preferred to other methods because it does not require studying the entire population, which may be complex and time consuming. The method is also advantageous because it gives accurate result that can be relied on for further decision-making. The other aspects analyzed in the chapter include the various sampling techniques in use. The methods include non-probability, convenience, judgmental, snowball, probability and quota sampling (Babbie, 2012). ReferenceBabbie, E.R. (2012). The practice of social research. Manson: Cengage Learning.
– a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, the first of which is stressed, and the remaining two of which are unstressed, as in ‘outfielder’. Here is the link to the Wikipedia article on this topic. Note: In Herman Wouk’s ‘City Boy’, this term figures in a famous joke, namely, that the school officials are unable to recognize that ‘outfielder’ is a dactyl. keywords: poetry, poems, metrical feet
MITRE ATT&CK is a globally accessible knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques based on real-world observations of cyberattacks. They’re displayed in matrices that are arranged by attack stages, from initial system access to data theft or machine control. What does ATT&CK stand for? ATT&CK stands for adversarial tactics, techniques, and common knowledge. Rather than looking at the results of an attack, aka an indicator of compromise (IoC), security analysts should look at the tactics and techniques that indicate an attack is in progress. Tactics are the why of an attack technique. Techniques represent how an adversary achieves a tactical objective by performing an action. There is Common knowledge of tactics and techniques by adversaries. Essentially, common knowledge are the known procedures. Those familiar with cybersecurity may be familiar with the term “tactics, techniques, and procedures,” or TTP. Basically, MITRE says there are 11 tactics used in attacks, each tactic has several methods the tactic is performed. (Note: there are matrices for many types of attacks so for example, if your concern is industrial controls there is a specific matrix for that). Not all 11 are required for a successful attack. For example, Initial Access can be accomplished and is most usually accomplished, by either, web browser drive by’s, public facing applications, phishing, and a few others. The idea is that by knowing these and defending against these specific things which maybe only 5 or 6 things rather than the thousands of vulnerabilities and trying to get way into the weeds of the vast amount of data we see on networks daily. So, if I as a defender know that there are 11 categories of things that are possibly involved in every attack, then I can filter out a ton of false positives and try to be alerted on, and intercede on those few things. (Note: attacks do not require all 11 categories to be successful so most people look for the 5 or so that must be part of an attack. Access, Discovery, Lateral Movement, Command and Control, Exfiltration. Mitre Att&CK Matrix The implications are almost obvious, if you are defending narrow your focus, if you are developing a strategy to defend know where to look. Foresite’s ProVision incorporates elements of the MITRE ATT&CK framework into our rules engine to weed out false positives and stay ahead of the adversary.
1. 鉼 is the 8825th most frequent character. 2. has 1 dictionary entry. 3. appears as a character in 0 words. 4. appears as a component in 0 characters. Once : => , Radical : => (metal/gold), (eight/divide), (one), (N/A) Graphical : => , , , , , , , , Pinyin & Meaning: 1. bing3 - plate Pronunciation Clues: 1. Pronunciation clue for 鉼 (bing3): The component 并 is pronounced as 'bing4'. It has the same pronunciation as the character, but differs on tone. 2. Pronunciation clue for 鉼 (bing3): The component 丷 is pronounced as 'ba1'. It has the same pinyin initial. Example Words: High Frequency Medium Frequency Decomposition Levels: Level 1: Only divided once. So only two components.
Daily Activities Circle time is a group gathering during which we share our ideas, plans and observations. Circle activities are designed to stimulate children’s’ thinking, enrich their social skills, and expand their attention spans. Gross-motor activities give children the opportunity to use their muscles—as well as their imaginations as they engage in fun, healthy exercises, such as running, jumping, and climbing. Fine-motor activities help improve small-muscle development and eye-hand coordination. Some common items found in the fine-motor/manipulative area include puzzles, beads and laces, pegboards, crayons, and scissors. Art activities help youngsters creatively express their thoughts and feelings. They help reinforce fine-motor skills and concept development in areas such as colors, shapes, and size relationships. Dramatic-play activities help children express themselves, practice life skills, improve social skills, increase self-esteem, build vocabulary, and solve problems. Dramatic play is just plain fun! Music activities promote youngsters’ listening skills, creative expression, and social skills. In music children can explore sound, volume, tempo, and rhythm. Sand and water activities allow children to experiment with textures and the properties of different substances. These activities also promote the development of other skills such as math, science, and language. Block play gives children experience with many different concepts, such as shape and size discrimination, spatial relationships, number skills, balance, organization, classification, cause and effect. Cooperative play skills, problem-solving, and creativity are also promoted in block play. Storytime is designed to help youngsters develop an appreciation and enjoyment of literature. Reading activities enhance children’s vocabulary and comprehension skills, and also expand their knowledge base. latest news Hours Of Operation Monday – Friday, 6:00am-6:00pm--10 hours maximum per day. Special situations must be approved by Director along with additional fees being applied for extended care.
Similar to most laws, international rules are seldom enforced, however are habitually complied with . Nowadays, more than 50,000 international treaties are in force that cover a wide range of international affairs and state sovereignty, however, due to it’s deficiency of having a ‘coercive enforcement’, scholars have argued that state compliance with international law is an occurrence of ‘self-interest’. This essay aims to critically asses when and why states comply with international law and whether or not states act out of self-interest, in the light of international legal scholarships and international relations. International law, is widely described as “rules that govern relations between states, and in some cases, between other legally recognised international actors”. All states in the present-day world, are obligated to rationalise their actions in accordance with laws and the accepted norms. In it’s essence, the extent of states complying to international obligations has evolved throughout history, where it’s described to have originated subsequent to two significant developments within European history. First, being the Treaty of Westphalia which is accepted as the origin of traditional international law as it defined the ‘principles of territory’ and ‘state autonomy’. Second, succeeding the wars commenced within Europe, states became integrating on a global scale, thus, making the United Nations Charter to become the international framework for “which norms of sovereignty and non-intervention were manifested” Following the developments of globalisation in consideration of the areas such as technology, communication, etc. norms and legal rules has managed to reach almost all states. Although there are significant developments within international law and the appropriate norms, it has not been adequate enough of being authoritative for the states to comply consistently. It can be argued that the scope of when states comply international obligations differs. We Will Write a Custom Essay Specifically For You For Only $13.90/page! order now When tackling the variance of compliance, states follow the principle of pacta sunt servanda which in definition under Article 26 of The Vienna Convention is “Every treaty in force is binding upon the parties to it and must be performed by them in good faith.” , thus, it could be argued that, the consensus for the treaties and norms, has consequently plummeted sovereignty and instead strengthened international institutions, non-state actors. However, in understanding when states comply with international rules, a study by Elise Whitaker provides insight within states that are generally considered as ‘weak’. The study considered the scope of compliance of ‘anti-terrorism rhetoric’ between East African states that had been colonised by the British in the past. Her study showed that although the countries had close correspondence, the states had revealed different measures of compliance and that the most significant element in compliance were do to national measures and factors. Moreover, the study also led way to the argument of states complying due to self-interest since, in the case of the East African countries, complying to the anti-terrorism initiative would have given the states a ground for an arrangement of further aid for their countries. In understanding ‘why’ states comply with international law, scholars assess in the light of five crucial theories; realism, institutionalism, liberalism, constructivism and the rational choice theories. I'm Erica! Check it out
Timeline created by OCiaramitaro • An End to Order An End to Order After a 22 year rule, the dictator Siad Barre fleed Somalia after being ousted by opposition. No replacement was agreed upon between waring clan leaders. This led to a decline in the quality of the functioning of Somalia. Because of this decline, conditions were made easier for al-Shabaab and others to do what they pleased. (PIC: Military portrait of Siad Barre). • Black Hawk Down Black Hawk Down During a mission led by the United States in the Somali captial city of Mogadishu to capture leaders, Somali fighters and armed civilians were able to gun down two United States Black Hawk helicopters, which led to a standoff in the city. It is believed that Osama Bin Laden was behind these shootings while the helicopters hovered over Mogadishu. In total, 17 Americans were killed and their bodies drug through the city and abused. (PIC: American Black Hawk helicopter above Mogadishu). • ICU Courts form al-Shabaab ICU Courts form al-Shabaab From the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), the al-Shabaab branched off as an armed offshoot of the courts system. Al- Shabaab became the radical group of the ICU, and led to a global militant outlook on the group. (PIC: Al-Shabaab militant fighters). • Mogadishu Falls Mogadishu Falls Mogadishu, along with most of Southern Somalia, was controlled by the ICU and al-Shabaab. However, the combined forces of Ethopia and the transitional Somalian government (TFG), were able to re-capture the captial city, causing al-Shabaab to flee. (PIC: An aireal view of the Somalian capital Mogadishu). • African Union Death Threats African Union Death Threats Al-Shabaab leaders released a video tape labeled any peacekeepers that enter Somalia as enemies and invaders. They also warned that they would try to kill any of the peacekeepers, which is a sign of the turmoil and the anarchy of the country. This warning, that Somalia is "not a place [to earn] a salary, [but as] a place where you will die" comes as Ethiopia was planning to dispatch peacekeepers into the country. (PIC: Ethiopian peacekeepers). • Officially Terrorists Officially Terrorists Although al-Shabaab was formed before this date, the United States government now placed the group on the Foreign Terrorist Organization group list. Al-Shabaab was also placed in the Specially Designated Global Terrorist category as well. (PIC: Al-Shabaab fighters prove why the group is now officially considered terrorists). • Al-Shabaab Leader Killed Al-Shabaab Leader Killed After an airstrike over central Somalia by U.S. Special Forces, a leader of both al-Shabaab and al-Qaeda has been killed. Aden Hashi Ayro, along with seven others, died in Dhusamareb. (PIC: Aden Hashi Ayro). • The Battle of Kismayo The Battle of Kismayo The ICU and al-Shabaab were able to sieze control of the Somalian port city of Kismayo after defeating the forces of Barre Hirale. Fighting lasted for 2 days, resulting in approximately 35 deaths, with at least 70 injured. (PIC: Somalia militia outside of Kismayo). • Ethiopia Withdrawls Ethiopia Withdrawls After two years of Ethiopian occupation, forces have withdrawn. Power was handed over to the government and moderate Islamists. This led to a collapse of the Somalian federal government, which allowed an increase in al-Shabaab terrorism. (PIC: Ethiopian troops leaving Somalia). • World Cup Tragedy World Cup Tragedy Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for attacks in Uganda during the World Cup, which led to the death of 74 people. This attack is important because it was the first led by al-Shabaab on a foreign nation. Caused by a Ugandan invasion into al-Shabaab territory/ Somalia. This has increased the threat of the group, and other surrounding African nations have been put under the treat of a al-Shabaab led attack. (PIC: A victim of the bombings is carried to a hospital for medical attention). • Cooperation with Pirates Cooperation with Pirates As al-Shabaab became more and more desperate for funding, ties between Somali pirates and the terrorist group continued to grow stronger. Despite their alliance, the pirates are not members of al-Shabaab; they are used as suppliers for much needed funds. (PIC: A ship attacked by Somali pirates in cahots with al-Shabaab). • Forming Alliances Forming Alliances Al-Shabaab's leader, Mukhtar Abu Zubair, released a video annoucing their support and alliance with al- Qaeda. The two have been linked together in the past, usually in attacks against Somalian militants. Many experts believe that this was both a boost for the struggling al-Qaeda, and also strategic for al-Shabaab, who had been struggling with opposing Kenyan and Ethopian forces and a loss of internal support due to severe droughts and famine. (PIC: Leader of al-Qaeda annoucing the alliance). • Al-Shabaab in Minnesota Al-Shabaab in Minnesota A Minnesota man, Mahamud Omar, is currently on trial for accounts of recruiting and planning the trips of young Somali immigrants back to Somalia to fight in al-Shabaab. He is accused of recruiting more than 20 men in the past 5 years. Omar is just one of 18 who are being tried for similar cases. (PIC: Mahamud Omar).
Nigerian and United States History since 1950 Timeline created by ifiok_i In History • March of Selma March of Selma The Selma to Montgomery Marches were three protest marches held in 1965, along a 54-mile highway from Selma, Alabama to the state capital of Montgomery. It was part of the series of civil rights protests that took place in Alabama that year. The whole march was to allow black people to become registered voters in their state. • Sir Tafawa Balewa Sir Tafawa Balewa The first prime minister of Nigeria. Born in Bauchi, Nigeria as a commoner. He grew to become a teacher and was one of the first Northerners sent to the London University Institute of Education. When he returned he was elected into the House of Assemblies of the Northern Region. He later moved on to be part of the Central Legislative Council before becoming the Minister for Works and Transportation and in 1957 the Prime Minister of Nigeria. • World's First Earth Day World's First Earth Day Earth Day was created on April 22, 1970, by Senator Gaylord Nelson. He was disturbed by the fact that an issue as important as our earth was not being addressed politically and wasn’t being properly covered by the media. His actions led to the later creation of legislation such as the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act. • President Bush Declares "War on Drugs" President Bush Declares "War on Drugs" This was the Presidents first televised national address since being inaugurated into power. While addressing the nation, he claimed that the nation’s greatest domestic threat was drugs and declared more funding be put into fighting against drugs. He went on to approve several drug related policies that funded the fight against drugs and punish traffickers severely. • F.C.T.becomes the capital of NIgeria F.C.T.becomes the capital of NIgeria In the 1980’s after a study of other famous countries and the centralization of their various capitals. The patterns of countries with centralized capitals led them to move the capital from Lagos to Abuja. By 12 December, 1991, it was officially announced by the government of the nation. • Presidential Elections Annulled Presidential Elections Annulled After the end of the Second Republic, another attempt at democratic government was to occur. The NEC were held in-charge of the whole electoral process with two major parties running for power. The elections held successfully but the military government currently in power chose to count it void. • 2008 President Election 2008 President Election This was one of the most unique and historically important elections that to happen. It was the first election to have to currently seated Senators run against each other. It was also the first election where the presently seated President or Vice didn’t participate in. This election also saw the emergence of the first Black President of America. • Period: to Fela Anikulapo Ransome Kuti Born into a middle class home in 1938, son of a famous Nigerian feminist. Funmilayo Ransome Kuti. After moving to the UK for studies, he created his first band called Koola Lobitos. During a tour in America, he became familiar with the works of Malcolm X and the Black Panthers. That is when he changed his sound to become more political. His sounds got him into trouble with different governments and politicians. He has been an inspiring voice to many activist of the coming generations. • Period: to Michael Jackson Michael Jackson was a multi-talented musician who was part of the Jackson 5 and later became a solo artist. He released one of the best selling albums in history, 'Thriller,' in 1982, and had other number-one hits on 'Bad' and 'Off the Wall.’ Acknowledged as the ‘King Of Pop’ and has sold over 500 million records during and after his life . He died in 2009 at the age of 50. • Period: to The Second Republic This came after the military government handed over power to the civilian government under the 1979 constitution. They held proper elections that had 5 major contesting parties. By October 1, 1979, Alhaji Shehu Shagari of the NPN (National Party of Nigeria) became the first President of the Second Republic.
Chlamydia - NHS - chlamydia transmission with condom use What you need to know about chlamydia \| CATIE - Canada's source for HIV and hepatitis C information chlamydia transmission with condom use Background: Studies of condom use to reduce risk of most sexually transmitted infection provide in. Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is a common sexually . Value of consistent condom use: a study of sexually transmitted disease. However, condom use cannot provide absolute protection against any STD. that are transmitted only by genital fluids (STDs such as gonorrhea, chlamydia.
Friday, May 22, 2020 How Tobacco Affects The Human Body Essay - 970 Words Tobacco has more than 4000 substances in it. Nicotine is one of these chemicals in tobacco, which makes its user addicted to it. Also, Nicotine can affect the human body by speeding up the nervous system. Smokers feel more energized due to smoking tobacco. When people try to quit smoking, they experience the withdrawal effect. Many health problems are associated with smoking due to the fact that it alters how the body is working. There are about 480,000 deaths related to smoking every year in the United States. Smoking can lead to health problems with the human lungs and heart. Tobacco is against the pharmaceutical storesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ mission to help peopleÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s health. CVS HealthÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s decision to stop selling tobacco indicates its dedication to human health. Although people find smoking helps them cope with stress, its dangers surpass its benefits. Tobacco accounts for 40% of the cardiovascular diseases. In the 1960s, legislation have placed a warning regarding cigarette use on front of the packets. Even though a warning label placed on the tobacco packet, young adults would still start smoking. CVS Health has taken a decision to stop selling tobacco in its stores. Therefore, Shalom Jacobovitz (2014) wrote a journal article that supports his belief to stop selling tobacco in pharmaceutical stores. Jacobovitz convinces his audience, primarily the leaders of pharmaceutical chains and also smokers, through the use of ethos, pathos and logos. JacobovitzÃ¢â‚¬Ëœs (2014) use of ethos helps convinceShow MoreRelatedUse of Tobacco Products and How They Affect the Human Body1898 Words Ã‚ \|Ã‚ 8 PagesTobacco products have been widely cultivated and utilized from as early as the mid sixteenth-century. Native Americans believed the plant to be an effective form of medicine. Many people adopted this belief, and there was thought to be very little to no harmful effects from the tobacco products.Throughout the years, modern medicine, science, and technology have been used to study the tobacco plant and more importantly, the deadly chemical nicotine which is used in almost every tobacco product thatRead MoreShould Smoking Be Public Places?1110 Words Ã‚ \|Ã‚ 5 Pagesa tremendous issue due to some people do not like the odor of smoke and get irritated. Secondhand smoking affects the environment by entering into the atmosphere and deteriorates the condition of air. Secondhand smoking contains poisonous gases and affects the human body a nd the environment in various ways. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Among the more than 7,000 chemicals that have been identified in secondhand tobacco smoke, at least 250 are known to be harmfulÃ¢â‚¬ (National Cancer Institute, April 10, 2015). These chemicals haveRead MoreTobacco and Cigarette Smoking1030 Words Ã‚ \|Ã‚ 5 Pages One person dies every six seconds due to a tobacco related disease, which results in a shocking amount of ten deaths per minute. Tobacco is one of the most heavily used addictive products in the United States. Tobacco contains over 4,000 chemicals; approximately 250 are dangerously harmful to humans. Smoking is a major public health problem. All smokers face an increased risk of lung cancer, cardiovascular problems and many other disorders. Smoking should be banned due to the many health risksRead MoreCigarettes are Harmful and Should Be Made Illegal Essay1235 Words Ã‚ \|Ã‚ 5 PagesDistrict of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the US Virgin Island agreed to the largest manufacture of tobacco in US history (introduction). That was a horrible decision because in 2011 a study done in the United States estimated that 43.8 million adults are current cigarette smokers. 440,000 of those 43.8 million adults died of tobacco related causes (centers). Of those 43.8 million 34.1 million smoke at least once a day and the remaining 9.7 million of them smoke everyRead MoreThe Effects of Tobacco on the Human Body788 Words Ã‚ \|Ã‚ 3 Pages Tobacco use can be linked to many cancers such as lung, throat, mouth, nasal cavity, stomach, pancreatic, kidney, and bladder. Other problems that can be linked to are strokes, heart disease, and bronchitis. In addition, one of the problems after smoking is the inability to become pregnant. Tobacco use kills victims. (Health Effects) Tobacco is addictive and it is hard to quit. Tobacco has more than 4,000 chemicals in it. Fifty of these cause many types of cancers. Using Tobacco and being pregnantRead MoreCancer: The Virulent Disease Essay863 Words Ã‚ \|Ã‚ 4 PagesAn ordinary human body contains approximately one trillion cells and precisely 46 chromosomes in each cell. However, the human body can be altered by a genetic mutation. Over the course of history, genetic mutations have had a large impact on the human race. They have brought harm to numerous amounts of people. Cancer, in particular, is one of the most lethal diseases. Cancer begins when a portion of DNA inside a chromosome is damaged, causing a cell to mutate. Then, the mutated cell reproduces multipleRead MoreCauses and Effects of Smoking in Our Life990 Words Ã‚ \|Ã‚ 4 PagesSmoking has become one of the worldÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s main concerns after the realization of its effect on human health. Tobacco was first introduced by Native Americans. Tobacco was know n to be harmless and a stress reliever. Eventually, smoking became popular all over the world and as normal as food. The increase in technology has brought out all the negative aspects and the side effects of smoking. Scientific analysis has proven that smoking is one of the main causes for death in the world. Since smoking hasRead MoreTobacco Companies And Responsibility Of Tobacco1446 Words Ã‚ \|Ã‚ 6 Pages Tobacco Companies and Responsibility Tobacco companies should be held responsible for any smoking related illness or death. The use of tobacco is the leading preventable cause of disability, disease, and death in the U.S. About 1 in every 5 deaths in the United States is tobacco related and an additional 16 million people are currently suffering with a serious illness or disease due to smoking. For every one person who dies from smoking, about 30 others suffer from at least one serious tobacco relatedRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking Cigarettes On Society925 Words Ã‚ \|Ã‚ 4 Pagessmoke for many reasons. Peer pressure and or social norms are contributing factors to smoking. Smoking may improve self-confidence and a sense of belonging. Each smoker has their own reason for starting the habit. One influential factor used by the tobacco industries were advertisements on TV commercials and billboards everywhere. These advertisements suggested smoking certain brands or creating a wannabe effect which drew the consumer to the pro ducts. Newport, Marlboro and Camel were brands that wereRead MoreHarmful Effects of Smoking1418 Words Ã‚ \|Ã‚ 6 Pageswas not only effect on environment, health but also effect on family, society. Introduction In 1868, the smoking advertisements first appeared and Bill Durham became first leading tobacco to advertise at a big scale. Since there, there have been numerous findings about harmful effects of smoking cigarettes. They affect three problems: health, family and environment and society. However, according to Richmond (1994), nicotine produces a good effect for the individual in a way that it helps people Tuesday, May 19, 2020 Where, When, and Why Does the US Congress Meet Congress is charged with drafting, debating and sending bills to the president to be signed into law. But how do the nations 100 senators and 435 representatives from 50 states manage their legislative business? Where Does Congress Meet? The United States Congress meets in the Capitol Building in Washington, District of Columbia. Originally built in 1800, the Capitol Building stands prominently atop the famously named Ã¢â‚¬Å"Capitol HillÃ‚ on the eastern edge of the National Mall. Both the Senate and House of Representatives meet in separate, large chambers on the second floor of the Capitol Building. The House Chamber is located in the south wing, while the Senate Chamber is in the north wing. Congressional leaders, like the Speaker of the House and leaders of the political parties, have offices in the Capitol Building. The Capitol Building also displays an impressive collection of art related to the American and congressional history. When Does It Meet? The Constitution mandates that Congress convene at least once a year. Each Congress usually has two sessions, since members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms. The congressional calendar refers to measures that are eligible for consideration on the floor of Congress, although eligibility doesnt necessarily mean that a measure will be debated. The congressional schedule, meanwhile, keeps track of measures that Congress intends to discuss on a particular day. Different Types of Sessions for Different Reasons There are different types of sessions, during which either one or both chambers of Congress meet. The Constitution requires a quorum, or majority, to be present in order for the chambers to conduct business. Regular sessions are when the House and Senate are in normal operation during the course of the year.Closed sessions of the House or Senate are just that; only legislators are present to discuss the weightiest of matters, including impeachment of the president, national security concerns, and other sensitive information.Joint sessions of Congress - with both houses present - occur when the president gives his State of the Union address or otherwise appears before Congress. They are also held to conduct formal business or to count electoral college votes in a presidential election.Pro formaÃ‚ Ã¢â‚¬â€ from a Latin term meaning Ã¢â‚¬Å"as a matter of formÃ¢â‚¬ or Ã¢â‚¬Å"for the sake of formÃ¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚ sessions are brief meetings of the chamber during which no legislative business may be conducted. More often held in the Senate than the House, pro forma sessions are typically used only to satisfy the constitutional obligation that neither chamber can adjourn for more than thre e days without the consent of the other chamber.Pro forma sessions can also be used to prevent the President of the United States from making recess appointments, pocket-vetoing bills, or calling the Congress into a special session. For example, during a 2007 recess, Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid, planned to keep the Senate in pro forma session in order to prevent further controversial appointments made by the Bush Administration. Ã¢â‚¬Å"I am keeping the Senate in pro forma to prevent recess appointments until we get this process on track,Ã¢â‚¬ said Sen. Reid.Ã‚ Lame duck sessions occur after the November elections and before the January inauguration when some representatives are set to leave office, whether by choice or after failing to win re-election.Special sessions of Congress may be called in extraordinary circumstances. For example, a special session of Congress was called on March 20, 2005, to intervene in the case of Terri Schiavo, a woman in a persistent vegetative state whose family and husband found themselves at odds over whether to disconnect her feeding tube. Duration of a Congress Each Congress lasts two years and is comprised of two sessions. The dates of Congress sessions have changed over the years, but since 1934, the first session convenes on Jan. 3 of odd-numbered years and adjourns on Jan. 3 of the following year, while the second session runs from Jan. 3 to Jan. 2 of even-numbered years. Of course, everyone needs a vacation, and Congress vacation traditionally comes in August, when representatives adjourn for month-long summer break. Congress also adjourns for national holidays. 4 Types of Adjournments There are four types of adjournments. The most common form of adjournment ends the day, following a motion to do so. Adjournments for three days or less also require the adoption of a motion to adjourn. These are limited to each chamber; the House may adjourn while the Senate remains in session or vice-versa. Adjournments for a period longer than three days require the consent of the other chamber and the adoption of a concurrent resolution in both bodies. Finally, legislators may adjourn sine die to end a session of Congress, which requires the consent of both chambers and follows the adoption of a concurrent resolution in both chambers. Sunday, May 10, 2020 What Does College Admission Essay Samples Ideas Mean? What Does College Admission Essay Samples Ideas Mean? The Demise of College Admission Essay Samples Ideas If you're in the center of your essay writing procedure, you will want to see our suggestions on what essay pitfalls to prevent. Many students take lots of time contemplating on the ideal topic they'd pick for their essay writing. Please understand you should allow her to express her thoughts and opinions freely. Possessing good essay examples provides the reader an in-depth and on-the-court idea about what a well structured and coherent essay appears like. There are scores and scores of possible topics which you can be requested to compose an essay on. Therefore don't feel you will need to prevent controversy. As a consequence, you prefer doing your essays all on your own. Stephen's essay is quite effective. Richard's essay wouldn't be appropriate in all situations. Writing your essay will be a lot simpler if you find out the entirety of it first and just then return and work out just the way that it should start. For instance, you can acquire high school essay samples totally free online to provide you with certain skills you want to compose your essay competently. Besides having an exceptional SAT score, you would have to produce the ideal college essay. When you have written your college application essay, your occupation isn't done you must keep working on it to improve it until it's possible to improve it no further. The sample high school admission essays we've got on our page can be useful to you or your buddies. The use of the admissions essay is to convey an awareness of your distinctive character to the admissions committee. Explain why you wish to attend that specific institution. The college application essay is intended to offer you an opportunity to speak right to the admissions committee, to tell them who you are and why you wish to go to their school. The essay, for some applicants, can be among the most stressful areas of the application approach. Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to have a category of students to Belgium so as to study the EU. You'll observe a similar structure in several of the essays. In marginal situations, the essays are utilized to choose whether an applicant is going to be selected. Despite exceptional grades, a poorly written essay provides you with a poor name. Keep in mind, the point of the essays is to demonstrate the admissions officers something they can't garner from the remainder of your application. An essay synthesizes so many things tha t your child has learned over recent years. Your own personal essay is supposed to provide college admissions teams a snapshot of who you are as a man and who you aspire to become but you don't need to spill your guts or transcribe your entire life story. Therefore, it's important to make certain your high school entrance essay is well organized. Getting admission into your treasured high school may be the desire of your heart. When you're in high school, it's definite that you're expected to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. For instance, you might decide to write about your experience on the center school math team. In the 21st century, college interviews are lost on the best way to the VCR, in other words, they are usually employed. New Step by Step Roadmap for College Admission Essay Samples Ideas You also ought to make sure your essay is coherent your ideas flow and your arguments make sense. It's very useful to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. One of my favourite things about writing is that there isn't any correct or wrong answer. To assist you get off to a great start, we've put together the following advice and hints. College Admission Essay Samples Ideas Features Comment 7-News senstionanlization has produced negative effect on th e folks. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. If you would like to ease your tension of trying to find hours and hours for easy essays topic selection then you've reached at the appropriate place. Wednesday, May 6, 2020 Physical Health Does Affect Education - 1453 Words Physical health does affect Education During school kids can have many factors affecting their education. One of the main factors is their physical health. Physical health affects everything because if your body doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t want to correspond then you canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t do well. One can get too stressed and they can stop eating and if people donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t eat they donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t perform well in school. One can get ill leading them to stop going to school for a while and their education starts to get affected. Girls can also have sexual interaction leading to pregnancy and they can stop their education and continue it later or stop for good. Also if teenagers get injured they can be in the hospital for a time leading them to fail. Physical health affects education becauseÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦If a child experiences an elevation in their blood pressure it can lead to a stoke, it leads to a stoke by damaging the brainÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s blood vessels causing them to leak. If the brain is not healthy it affects your grades because the child will experience hard challenges and it will not correspond. Also if the elevation of blood pressure is occurring it will cause the blood to create clots in the arteries leading to your brain, blocking blood flow and it will most likely cause a stroke. If the child dies because of the stroke they wonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t continue school because there is no them that gets up early to get to school. Because of stress children/ teenagers can create eating disorders which affect their whole life. A person will get really stressed out about not doing their work that they would rather do their work instead of eating or they will get whatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s closer to them and over eat. As students donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t eat they donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t think about the consequences and the consequences are anorexia and bulimia. Although both eating disorders are related to emotional pain, students wonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t even realize the eating habits their changing that are causes to these eating disorders. On one hand if a student doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t eat it will cause them to perform badly in school, a student who is not healthy is most likely to have poor grades Community Development Free Essays Community Development (CD) is a broad term applied to the practices and academic disciplines of civic leaders, activists, involved citizens and professionals to improve various aspects of local communities. Community development seeks to empower individuals and groups of people by providing them with the skills they need to effect change in their own communities. These skills are often created through the formation of large social groups working for a common agenda. We will write a custom essay sample on Community Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Community developers must understand both how to work with individuals and how to affect communitiesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ positions within the context of larger social institutions. There are a myriad of job titles for CD workers and their employers include public authorities and voluntary or non-governmental organisations, funded by the state and by independent grant making bodies. Since the nineteen seventies the prefix word Ã¢â‚¬ËœcommunityÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ has also been adopted by several other occupations from the police and health workers to planners and architects, who work with more disadvantaged groups and communities and have been influenced by CD approaches. CD practitioners have over many years developed a range of skills and approaches for working within local communities and in particular with disadvantaged people. These include less formal educational methods, community organising and group work skills. Since the nineteen sixties and seventies through the various anti poverty programmes in both developed and developing countries, CD practitioners have been influenced by structural analyses as to the causes of disadvantage and poverty i.e. inequalities in the distribution of wealth, income, land etc and especially political power and the need to mobilise people power to affect social change. Thus the influence of such educators as Paulo Friere and his focus upon this work also being about politicising the poor. Other key people who have influenced this field are Saul Alinsky (Rules for Radicals) and EF Schumacher (Small is Beautiful). The UK currently hosts the main international body representing community development, the International Association for Community Development. IACDÃ‚ was started in the USA in 1953, moved to Belgium in the seventies and to the UK (Scotland) in 1998. Community development as a term has taken off widely in anglophone countries i.e. the USA, UK, Australia, Canada and New Zealand and other countries in the Commonwealth. It is also used in some countries in eastern Europe with active CD associations in Hungary and Romania. The International Community Development Journal, published by Oxford University Press, and set up in 1967 has been the major forum for research and dissemination of international CD theory and practice. Community development approaches are recognised internationally. These methods and approaches have been acknowledged as significant for local social, economic, cultural, environmental and political development by such organisations as the UN, WHO, OECD, World Bank, Council of Europe and EU. How to cite Community Development, Papers Community Development Free Essays Community Development Planning Lecture 1: Understanding the key concepts of Community, Community Development Economic Development Course Learning Outcomes Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Explain the key concepts of social infrastructure in spatial planning Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Analyze social infrastructure issues in spatial planning Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Identify the various challenges of social infrastructure in spatial planning practices Community Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Various definitions: ? People who live within a geographically defined area and who have social and psychological ties with each other and with the place where they live (Mattessich and Monsey, 2004) ? A grouping of people who live close to one another and are united by common interests and mutual aids (National Research Council 1975) Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ These definitions refer to people and the ties that bind them, then only to geographic locations Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ It means, without people and the connections/ties, community will be only a collections of buildings and streets. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ However community does not necessarily means Ã¢â‚¬Å"living physically close to one anotherÃ¢â‚¬ . It also refers to social connections at other than living place such as workplace, sports centre, clubs or groups, or political affiliations. We will write a custom essay sample on Community Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Community can also be created through special interest or conditions such as disability, gender, belief Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ In this era of social media (such as FB, Twitter) madness, communities can be created on virtual platform. Community Development (CD) Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Community Development is defined and described as.. Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the process of developing stronger communities of people and the social and psychological ties they share. The educational process to enable citizens to address problems by group decision-making Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Involvement in a process to achieve improvement in some aspect of community life Ã¢â‚¬â€œ All these processes will result in an outcome which is the improvement of community capital. Community Capital Human Capital Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Labour supply, skills, experience, capabilities Physical Capital Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Buildings, streets, infrastructure Financial Capital Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Community financial institutions, micro loan funds, community development banks Environmental Capital Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Natural resources, weather, recreational opportunities Social Capital Social Capital Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Social Capital refers to the ability of residents to organize and mobilize their resources for the accomplishment of consensual defined goals Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ It refers to the extent to which members of a community can work together effectively to develop and sustain strong relationships, solve problems and make group decisions, and collaborate effectively to achieve common goals Social Capital Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Some scholars make distinction between bonding capital and bridging capital Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Bonding capital refers to ties within homogenous groups (e. g. races, gender, people with the same economic background) Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Bridging capital refers to ties among different groups Community development chains Capacity building process Developing the ability to act Social capital Ability to act Community development outcome Taking action Community improvement Development ready community Economic development Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Community development and economic development is highly sinergistic. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Community development Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a planned effort to produce assets that increase the capacity of residents to improve their quality of life. The assets include: physical, human, social, financial, environmental Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Economic development Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the process of creating wealth through the mobilization of human, financial, capital, physical and natural resources to generate marketable goods and services. The definitions are clearly parallel : community development is to produce and improve assets, economic development is to mobilize these assets which will bring greater benefits for the community ie. more goods, services, jobs etc. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Both types of development are highly dependable on each other as most businesses will look for development-ready communities that are equipped with strong and established communities, good infrastructure, abundant supply of labour, safety, tel ecommunication etc. Community and economic development chains Community development outcome Taking action Community improvement Development ready community Economic development outcome Job creation Increased income and wealth Increased standard of living Capacity building process Developing the ability to act Social capital Ability to act Economic development process Creating and maintaining ED programs Mobilizing resources The end How to cite Community Development, Essay examples Characteristics of the Romantic Music Period free essay sample It is arguable that some Romantic music made greater demands upon Its listeners than did music of previous historical periods. What were those demands? Why did these changes come about? And what strategies can you formulate for listening to this music today? In consideration of the musical changes present in the Romantic era, this essay will contend that these changes are very much related to the wider social and technological changes in society around that time.Thus, it is important to identify the broad time period encompassed by this era. The definition of Romanticism In The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians Is: A movement or, more commonly, period of cultural history. When understood as a period, Romanticism is usually identified with either the first half or the whole of the 19th century. The term is used with reference primarily to the arts, but it can also embrace philosophy, socio-political history and, more widely, the spirit of the era. [l] Consequently, this essay views that Romantic music encompasses the whole of the nineteenth century and will consider some of the key changes which occurred around that time period. It has been argued that these changes have resulted in music which makes greater demands upon its listeners and this essay will highlight these demands and how they were influenced by those social and technological changes of that time, concluding with strategies for listening to this music today.Some of the music which can be used to Illustrate these changes are specific works by Beethoven, a composer, who Is viewed as a major Influence on the music of the nineteenth century. This can be evidenced by the Grove article on Romanticism, which deems it to be widely accepted that Beethoven inaugurated a Romantic The demands of Romantic music are characterized by several key changes. These changes can be summarized as follows: an increased intensity, both technical and musical; a greater use of radical con trasts In the music and a significant increase In the length of musical compositions.The increased intensity of Romantic music can be demonstrated by an analysis of the Diploma syllabus of the ABRAM[iii]. This syllabus provides an authoritative assessment framework [iv] for technical and musical ability and one can see that the vast preponderance of its pieces fall into the Romantic category. Furthermore, as one regresses through the levels of syllabus, the repertoire becomes more demanding [v] and the volume of Romantic pieces Increases steadily.A major factor in this change is the related technological advancements of that time period which resulted in the upgrading of a number of musical instruments to more advanced forms. This can be illustrated with reference to the specific example of the piano, an instrument refined considerably during the Romantic period. Key diameters and tensions, an extended number of octaves, the double escapement action and the cast iron frame[vi] Thus, the instrument of the nineteenth entry is far superior to its eighteenth century counterpart.The resultant musical changes include a greater quantity of octaves available and a greater range of power and dynamics made available to the composer. This had the obvious corollary of composers producing pieces with greater use of radical dynamic contrasts. According to Winter[viii], Romantic compos ers used their new piano to great effect: The single most important development in the sound of the Romantic piano was doubtless the new emphasis on the sustaining (or damper) pedal. These key changes of distinctive contrasts and increased intensity were aided by the accompanying social change in music around the Romantic period, which can be characterized by the rise of the virtuoso. Franz List, the legendary pianist, dazzled audiences across Europe, garnering rave reviews wherever he traveled, considered by The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians to be the greatest piano virtuoso of his time The improved piano was critical to his displays of technical prowess. Without it he would not have been able to play pieces as demanding on the instrument.The hitherto unimagined difficulty [x] of his Vying-equates grander Ãƒ ©tudes pour eel piano[xi], was considered o much by the composer, he revised the ?Ãƒ ©tudes and later published his ?Ãƒ ©tudes descaution transcendent[xii], the latter still ferociously difficult but surpassed in that respect by the former. Given that a key feature of Lists playing style and compositions was technical skill, one could argue L ist could not have been the performer, or composer, he was, in the preceding century.NicolaÃ‚ ¶ Paginating was another virtuoso of the highest caliber a violinist[xiii]. He, too, gave fantastic performances to rapturous crowds in numerous countries. Milliamp Oratory, editor of The Harmonic, remarked that: [H]is powers of execution are little less than marvelous, and such as we could only have believed on the evidence of our own senses; they imply a strong natural propensity for music, with an industry, a perseverance, a devotedness and also a skill in inventing means, without any parallel in the history of his instrument. [xiv] Paginating, similar to List, composed works for his instrument, which were considered some of the hardest in its repertoire[xv] pushing the boundaries of the Romantic Olin to previously unseen heights. An excellent way for a virtuoso to show off their talents is a concerto. The ancestor provided a perfect vehicle to showcase the new technically advanced instruments and the music that could be performed on them[xvi]. One characteristic of Romantic concertos is their length.Indeed, this increased length is another key Snazzy interpretations of Beethovens piano concertos[xvii] are significantly greater in length than his interpretations of Mozart concertos[xviii]. Further illustration of this is the opening movements of Beethovens piano concertos numbers 4 and 5, which both last longer than a number of Mozart concertos in their entirety and are longer, by far, than any of Mozart first movements. Similarly, other forms of musical composition demonstrated increasing length during the Romantic era.Beethovens Piano Sonata number 29 ,immoralities, being a case in point, according to Maroon[xix], the extremely long solo piece was most likely the longest ever written at that time. The Hammerless sonata is also perfect example of the other previously stated Romantic characteristics. The use of pianissimo and fortissimo a bar apart in the final section of the first movement is but one example of the radical contrasts present in the piece as a whole[xx]. Another Lamar of Romantic music is present in this piece: extreme technical difficulty Ands Shift declared Hammerless virtually unplayable [xix].This increase in length was also evident in the Romantic symphony. One striking example being Beethovens Symphony number three, Rejoice, first published in 1804 [xii], at the very dawn of musical Romanticism its opening movement dwarf[s] any comparable previous movement [xiii]. According to Bonds[xiv], Rejoice is the start, for Beethoven at least, of music displaying profound Romantic characteristics: Particularly from the Rejoice onwards, Beethoven was seen to have explored a rarity of ways in which instrumental music could evoke images and ideas transcending the world of sound. Overall, these properties of Romanticism were influenced by the social changes of the nineteenth century. These changes meant that composers of the Romantic era had greater freedom than ever before. Unlike their counterparts in previous historical periods, they no longer had to be almost entirely dependent on the church or the state or wealthy, upper-class patrons[xv] [xvi]. As highlighted previously, musicians could support themselves by giving public concerts, Paginating earned so such money in one year that he could have bought 300 kilos of gold. [xvii] [xviii] As we can see in this example from Grove, the orchestra of the Romantic age was distinctly different from its predeces sors in that it was not for the personal amusement of royalty or a symbol of status: During most of the 18th century orchestras had been an accompaniment to and an expression of aristocratic court culture; in the 19th century the orchestra became central institution of public musical life. [xix] Given the demands illustrated through these changes, several strategies are suggested. Cursor to this, it would be a required and fruitful use of ones time to learn to do so if the skill has not already been learnt. Learning to play a piece of music would be the ideal realization of this strategy. However, this is not always possible and would be impractical for a piece with a large number of parts a symphony, for example. Nevertheless, one can study and appreciate the technical or musical difficulty Involved in a piece without being able to master it. Once able, listening too piece of music whilst consulting the score is also a useful tool for following a piece and kicking out specific parts.This is especially true of any orchestral piece. Another related strategy would be to try and put oneself in the shoes of a listener of the Romantic era. Listening to recordings performed on period instruments would be an ideal method of doing this. Also, learning more about the people of the period and what it would have been like for a nineteenth century person to listen to a certain work for the first time would be a further way to pursue this strategy. To learn, and appreciate, any other art forms linked with a piece of music is another strategy for listening to Romantic music for example, Beethovens Symphony number 9.Beethoven based the final movement on the poem Ode to Joy by Frederica Schaller[xx] the movement is scored for orchestra, four vocal soloists and a choir who sing the words of the poem. The case can be made that, to fully appreciate this work, one must appreciate the poem on which it is based. Additionally, understanding of the language the words are in German would take this strategy even further. Separating a piece of music into parts is another strategy for listening to Romantic music. For example, a symphony or sonata can be listened to as individual movements, easier to absorb than, perhaps, thirty minutes or an hours worth of music. Exploring huge compositions or collections at one time is not the correct strategy, the sheer volume of notes can be daunting and there is a danger that listening to too much music dulls one to the finer points of that music, it simply becomes noise. The distinct movements many composers put in their music should be utilized when first discovering a work, only once more understanding is cultivated should one attempt to listen to an entire concerto, sonata or symphony.Conclusively, it has been shown that Romantic music made greater demands upon its listeners than did music of previous historical periods. These demands ere: increased technical and musical intensity; the use of bold, vivid contrasts and a considerably augmented duration of musical compositions. These changes came about due to technological advancements of the period, le ss reliance on patronage and the musician became a respected and viable profession in the nineteenth century. There are many strategies which can be devised for listening to Romantic music, in the present day. Wednesday, April 29, 2020 The Bear by William Falkner free essay sample An in-depth examination of this American writers work and the suggestion that it represents true romantic American fiction. In this paper the author closely examines Falkners, The Bear. He suggests that it exhibits such values as the importance of nature in an individuals proving of him or herself and the importance of individual self-realization. The author contends that the book has a characteristic narrative style of a sparse and colloquial tone, meant to convey a reality of thought and expression, and consequently is the progeny of all the previous authors in the American Romantic tradition. From the paper: How could a story about a bear be a romantic tale, a reader might be tempted to ask upon hearing William Faulkners short story The Bear characterized as a work of classic American Romantic fiction. Perhaps it is, a kind of romance between a boy and the woods, between man and nature in mans determination to prove himself both worthy of the natural world, part of the natural world, and also master of it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bear by William Falkner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page
• It's called brain itch/ mental itch/cognitive itch/earworms. The term earworm is the literal English translation of the German word ohrwurm... An earworm is also sometimes called a sticky tune or a cognitive itch... in Portuguese they call it chiclete de ouvido, or ear chewing gum." Bill Gates move over - we are gonna market earworms! (From the net) "Warning! The song titles below this line may be hazardous to your sanity: "It's A Small World After All" "We Will Rock You" "The Macarena" "Whomp - There It Is" Having songs "stuck in your head" happens to nearly all of us. Ninety-nine percent of study respondents said they have experienced the phenomenon. Almost 50 percent say that it occurs frequently. Kellaris, an expert on the influences of music on consumers, reported preliminary results on his work last month at the Society for Consumer Psychology's winter conference. He has a sample of 1,000 respondents to work with in analyzing his theory that certain songs create a sort of "cognitive itch" - the mental equivalent of an itchy back. "It is like the familiar pattern of itching and scratching," Kellaris says. "The only way to 'scratch' a cognitive itch is to rehearse the responsible tune mentally. The process may start involuntarily, as the brain detects an incongruity or something 'exceptional' in the musical stimulus. The ensuing mental repetition may exacerbate the 'itch,' such that the mental rehearsal becomes largely involuntary, and the individual feels trapped in a cycle or feedback loop." Kellaris' research seeks to identify characteristics of music that make them memorable. His preliminary work points in three directions he believes play a role: Repetition: One theme song that respondents reported as getting stuck in their heads often was "Mission: Impossible." Kellaris was not surprised. "A repeated phrase, motif or sequence might be suggestive of the very act of repetition itself, such that the brain echoes the pattern automatically as the musical information is processed," he says. Musical simplicity: Simpler songs appear more likely to make your brain itch. Anyone who has ever had the misfortune of getting Barney's "I Love You, You Love Me" song stuck can attest to that. Generally, children's songs are more prone to getting stuck than classical music, Kellaris says. Incongruity: When a song does something unexpected, it can also spark a cognitive itch. Examples include the irregular time signatures of Dave Brubeck's "Take Five" or the song "America" from West Side Story. Unpredictable melodic patterns or an unexpectedly articulated individual note can have the same impact. Kellaris is now taking an in-depth look at the survey data he has collected. Of the 1,000 respondents, the kind of music respondents said they got stuck on most recently were songs with lyrics for 73.7 percent, jingles or ads for 18.6 percent and an instrumental tune for 7.7 percent. But, there's hope. Respondents also reported on the strategies they use to try and rid themselves of stuck tunes. Individual responses ranged from direct approaches like "trying to get busy doing something else" or "reading out loud" to acts of humorous desperation, such as "trying to give the 'tune kooties' to someone else, like (playing) tag, you're it!" "This research is expected to provide creative guidelines to advertisers that wish to increase the memorability of their ads," says Kellaris. "It should also yield insights concerning the operation of human memory." Advertisers fear the jingle. They fear getting it wrong. They want to re-release the music from their commercials on a compilation disc and make even more money when people decide they'd rather not purchase their products because, subconsciously, the jingles just aren't there telling them what to do. • The brain is has a default mode called pattern recognition. It is intended to keep you safe by being aware of your environment, without concentration. Copyright 2020, Wired Ivy, LLC Answerbag \| Terms of Service \| Privacy Policy
My watch list Sex-determination system A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. Most sexual organisms have two sexes. In many cases, sex determination is genetic: males and females have different alleles or even different genes that specify their sexual morphology. In animals, this is often accompanied by chromosomal differences. In other cases, sex is determined by environmental variables (such as temperature) or social variables (the size of an organism relative to other members of its population). The details of some sex-determination systems are not yet fully understood. Additional recommended knowledge Chromosomal determination XX/XY sex chromosomes Main article: XY sex-determination system The XX/XY sex-determination system is one of the most familiar sex-determination systems and is found in human beings and most other mammals. In the XY sex-determination system, females have two of the same kind of sex chromosome (XX), while males have two distinct sex chromosomes (XY). Some species (including humans) have a gene SRY on the Y chromosome that determines maleness; others (such as the fruit fly) use the presence of two X chromosomes to determine femaleness. XX/X0 sex determination Main article: X0 sex-determination system In this variant of the XY system, females have two copies of the sex chromosome (XX) but males have only one (X0). The 0 denotes the absence of a second sex chromosome. This system is observed in a number of insects, including the grasshoppers and crickets of order Orthoptera and in cockroaches (order Blattodea). ZW sex chromosomes Main article: ZW sex-determination system The ZW sex-determination system is found in birds and some insects and other organisms. The ZW sex-determination system is reversed compared to the XY system: females have two different kinds of chromosomes (ZW), and males have two of the same kind of chromosomes (ZZ). It is unknown whether the presence of the W chromosome induces female features or the duplication of the Z chromosome induces male ones; unlike mammals, no birds with a double W chromosome (ZWW) or a single Z (Z0) have been discovered. It is possible that either condition causes embryonic death, and both chromosomes are responsible for gender selection; or it may just be that ZWW is just as rare in birds as Turner's syndrome (XO) or Kleinfelter's syndrome (XXY) is in humans, and without having any reason to check individual animals for this, it has never been found. In Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), examples of Z0, ZZW and ZZWW females can be found. This suggests that the W chromosome is essential in female determination in some species (ZZW), but not in others (Z0). In Bombyx mori (the commercial silkworm), the W chromosome carries the female-determining genes. Chromosomes in the ZW region in birds are autosomal in mammals, and vice-versa; therefore, it is theorized that the ZW and XY couples come from different chromosomes of the common ancestor. A paper published in 2004 (Frank Grützner et al, Nature; doi:10.1038/nature03021) suggests that the two systems may be related. According to the paper, platypuses have a ten-chromosome–based system, where the chromosomes form a multivalent chain in male meiosis, segregating into XXXXX-sperm and YYYYY-sperm, with XY-equivalent chromosomes at one end of this chain and the ZW-equivalent chromosomes at the other end. Main articles: Ploidy and Haplodiploid sex-determination system Haplodiploidy is found in insects belonging to Hymenoptera, such as ants and bees. Unfertilized eggs develop into haploid individuals, which are the males. Diploid individuals are generally female but may be sterile males. Thus, if a queen bee mates with one drone, her daughters share ¾ of their genes with each other, not ½ as in the XY and ZW systems. This is believed to be significant for the development of eusociality, as it increases the significance of kin selection. This is common also in wasps that are parasitic and in the male greenflies. Non-genetic sex-determination systems Main article: Temperature-dependent sex determination Some species have no sex-determination system. Earthworms and some snails are hermaphrodites; a few species of lizard, fish, and insect are all female and reproduce by parthenogenesis. In some arthropods, sex is determined by infection, as when Bacteria of the genus Wolbachia alter their sexuality; some species consist entirely of ZZ individuals, with sex determined by the presence of Wolbachia. Other unusual systems [this section still being researched]: • Swordtail fish? • The Chironomus midge species • The Platypus lacks the mammalian sex-determining gene SRY, meaning that the process of sex determination in the Platypus remains unknown.[1] See also • (2004) Evolution of Sex Chromosomes: The Case of the White Campion. • (2006) Multiple independent origins of sex chromosomes in amniotes. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Sex-determination_system". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
While hospitals fighting for coronavirus, robots are being employed as helpers While hospitals fighting for coronavirus, robots are being employed as helpers Due to the rise of the global coronavirus pandemic, robots are increasingly being employed as helpers, taking on often dull, difficult and dangerous tasks and thus reducing humans' exposure to COVID-19. Across the world, robotics companies are teaming with health care providers and government officials to develop technological solutions for dealing with the global health crisis. In China, where the coronavirus was first detected, robots with tank-like tread have rolled down streets spraying disinfectant. In at least one hospital in South Korea, robots are being used to check patients' temperatures and dispense hand sanitizer. In Tunisia, authorities have deployed robots to ensure people are obeying the lockdown. In the United States, two of the principal ways in which robotic technology is being used to fight the pandemic are to disinfect hospital rooms and to act as a telemedicine portal, allowing doctors and health care workers to communicate via video conference directly with patients without unnecessarily exposing themselves to the highly contagious virus. One of the U.S. companies which is working to meet the COVID-19 challenge is Texas-based robotics company Xenex Disinfection Services, whose robotic units are designed to disinfect hospital emergency rooms and patients' rooms with germ-zapping ultraviolet light. Although other robotics companies have developed units that use UV light as a disinfectant (Pittsburgh International Airport recently partnered with Carnegie Robotics to become the first airport in the U.S. to deploy robots with UV technology to clean floors). The companies are saying that their robots are the one and only thing to effectively deactivate the COVID-19 virus. The company, currently based in San Antonio, began operations about 10 years ago in Houston, where it was working with the world-renowned MD Anderson Cancer Center to develop a robot that could reduce the probability that a patient coming into the hospital would pick up an infection from the hospital environment itself. Over the past several weeks, Xenex has been working to ramp up its manufacturing capacity in San Antonio to meet the rising demand for its disinfecting robots. The company has been adding staff and recently added a second production line. While other technology companies, such as VGo and InTouch, have built robots with built-in screens that serve as the doctor's stand-in in health care settings, what sets Spot apart is its four-legged design, which allows the robot to move about easily in different settings, such as the triage tent set up outside the hospital. Researchers are working to increase the robot's diagnostic abilities, enabling it to check the patient's temperature and measure his or her respiratory rate. Published on: May 13, 2020 15:51:46
Haiti at a glance This was published 10 years ago Haiti at a glance PORT-AU-PRINCE: Haiti, rocked today by a massive earthquake measuring 7.0, is the poorest country in the western hemisphere and one of its most politically unstable. The following is a fact sheet: GEOGRAPHY: Haiti shares the Caribbean island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic. A largely mountainous country with a tropical climate, it has a land mass of 27,750 square kilometres and lies less than 80 kilometres east of Cuba. POPULATION: Over 8.5 million, 95 per cent of whom are black descendants of African slaves. Literacy rate is 45 per cent and life expectancy is just 52 years. Seventy per cent live on less than two US dollars a day. ECONOMY: Two-thirds of Haitians depend on agriculture, and most of them are subsistence farmers. Exports include coffee and textiles. Remittances from Haitians working abroad are the main source of foreign income. Gross national income per capita was 660 dollars in 2008, according to the World Bank. CAPITAL: Port-au-Prince. LANGUAGES: French and Creole. RELIGION: Mainly Roman Catholic. Many Haitians also practice voodoo. HISTORY: Ruled for centuries by the Spanish and then the French, Haiti gained independence in 1804. It was occupied by the US Marine Corps between 1915 and 1934. It gained notoriety for brutal dictatorships from the late 1950s until the mid-1980s under Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier and his son Jean Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier. Jean Bertrand Aristide, a former Roman Catholic priest, swept to power in Haiti's first free elections in 1990. He was overthrown in a military coup eight months later. In 1994, he returned to Haiti with US military help before turning over power in 1996 to his elected successor, Rene Preval. Aristide was re-elected in 2000. Faced with an armed insurrection and street protests, Aristide bowed to pressure from the United States, France and Canada and fled Haiti on February 29, 2004. Preval regained power in elections in 2006. The country has remained rocked by violence including bloody feuds between drug trafficking gangs, despite the presence of a UN stabilisation force numbering just over 9,000 troops and police. ARMED FORCES: Haiti's army was dissolved in 1994. The United States lifted an arms embargo in 2006. Most Viewed in World
Some Facts on Arabic Language for Beginners worth Knowing Arabic is one of the most commonly spoken languages in Asia and the world. As the 5th most common language in the world, it is spoken by around 250 million people worldwide. Classical Arabic is used in Quran the holy book of Muslims around the world. If you learn Arabic language you will get to knowa lot of things about the history and culture of the Middle East. In the following lines, we will discuss the language itself. The Root of the Language For those interested in learning the Arabic language, you need to know that Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages which include Hebrew and Aramaic. Arabic is the most commonly spoken Semitic language.It is also the official language of the Middle Eastern countries as well as some North African countries. As one of the oldest spoken languages, it carries a great history and civilization behind. Versions of the Arabic Language There are two versions of the Arabic language. They are Classical Arabic and Modern Arabic. The former is not only the official language but also taught at most institutions. If you wish to take up an Arabic language course in Kolkata, you will mostly be learning the classical one. This is also used in formal situations. It can be found in books, newspapers and academic researches as well as study books or materials. Classical Arabic is mostly used in written context whereas Modern Arabic is used in the daily spoken contexts. Alphabets in Arabic Arabic alphabet comprises of 28 letters. In every course of learning Arabic for beginners,you will be taught howto write the language. In fact, it is the first step to learning any foreign languages. If you like to learn the language, you need to know how it is written. Arabic is mainly written from right to left and in a cursive way. To write Arabic properly you need to pay attention to the dots as these will be used to differentiate a letter from another. If, for instance, you use a single dot compared to a double by mistake,it can make a certain word mean completely different than what it actually is. Grammar in the Arabic language Since Arabic is a Semitic language, its grammar is similar to other Semitic languages. For classical Arabic, we can differentiate the grammar into the five following parts. You will learn these in details from an Arabic language course in Kolkata. • Morphology: It deals with words and their • Syntax: This deals with inflection but it is now lost in spoken Arabic. When you learn to speak Arabic academically, you will learn these in details. • Lexicon: You will find the meaning of words here. Basically, it is an Arabic dictionary. • Rhetoric: To construct quality sentences you need to use rhetoric. • Derivation: You will study the origin of words through derivation. Literature in Arabic To learn Arabic language you will need to study literature as well. In Arabic literature, the oldest form is poetry. The history of Arabic literature is 1600 years. It began in the Arabian Peninsula. If you decide to learn this language, you will need to deal with the Arabic literature in a way or another. Learning the literature is very important if you want to learn the language and grammar. Most parts of Arabic retains its classical form. Though Modern Arabic is also present it is widely discarded from speech as it is regarded as a combination of different dialects. Thus, when taking a course that says learning Arabic for beginners, you can well expect it to be the purest form of the tongue. However, before taking the course as your instructors about the syllabus i.e. what you will learn.
How I got my A1 in English Osgur Murphy O Kane, past pupil of The Institute of Education, is currently studying Law and Business, Trinity College Dublin Achieving an A1 in English does not require endless hours of study and reading. When studied efficiently and effectively it requires less of your study time than most other subjects and potentially offers greater reward. With regards to paper 1, it is essential to practice answering comprehensions in order to acquaint yourself with the style of question asked and, with practice, you will find a manner of answering questions that you are most comfortable and confident with. Read the questions before reading the comprehension. This allows you to identify and underline relevant passages - maximising time efficiency. The English exam is an intense and stressful experience where you will not enjoy the luxury of time. Concerning the development of your own writing style, you can only improve by actually writing. Set aside 20 minutes a week to write about something, anything, with the aim of finding a fluid and comfortable writing style. Be patient. Try to immerse yourself in current affairs as best you can as this will give you a huge advantage when it comes to answering qB and the essay style question. Practice answering these essay questions, they will improve over time. With regards to paper 2, set aside half an hour each week to learn quotes. This is unavoidable. Once you have a wide range of quotes learnt off you will be able to answer any question with confidence. This will give you an essential platform to achieve high marks in poetry and single text questions. In comparative you must demonstrate a detailed understanding of the worlds of the texts and be able to identify the similarities and differences that exist between them in your comparisons. Quotes are less important but to achieve high grades you must include several key quotes to demonstrate your knowledge of the texts. For each of the paper 2 questions it is essential to practice answering questions within time constraints. Most importantly you will have to structure your answers in several paragraphs that include quotes, topic development and a strict adherence to the question. Repeatedly referring back to the question helps anchor you to the task at hand and ensures you don't lose marks for a lack of coherence. You should be careful not to describe the poem or text in question - discuss it strictly in relation to the question posed. It is important to remember that a highly sophisticated, archaic vocabulary is not necessary to get an A1, and you should not attempt to unnecessarily force this into your writing style - it will lose its fluidity and appear obnoxious. However you should always look to broaden your vocabulary and develop your phrasing, and, with practice, you will have the potential to achieve very highly in English.
Education for Girls in Islam Female students are pictured during the Military Stabilisation Support Team (MSST) visit to Abbazhan School and Women’s Centre in Gereshk, Helmand. POA(Phot) Sean Clee/MOD/Wikimedia Commons/Open Government License Gender inequality between men and women is a criticism often made of the Islamic faith, and while there are ways in which men and women are regarded differently in Islam, the position regarding education is not one of them. The practices of extremist groups like the Taliban have, in the public mind, been universalized to represent all Muslims, but this is decidedly an erroneous assumption, and nowhere is it more erroneous than in the belief that Islam itself prohibits education of girls and woman. In reality, Mohammad himself was something of a feminist, considering the time he lived in, championing the rights of women in a manner that was revolutionary for the historical period. And modern Islam strongly believes in the education of all followers. Education in the Quran According to the teachings of Islam, education is very important. After all, The first revealed word of the Quran commanded the believers to "Read!" And this commandment did not distinguish between male and female believers. The first wife of the Prophet Muhammad, Khadeeja, was a successful, highly educated businesswoman in her own right. The Prophet Muhammad praised the women of Madinah for their pursuit of knowledge: "How splendid were the women of the Ansar; shame did not prevent them from becoming learned in the faith." At various other times, the Prophet Muhammad told his followers: Education for Mulsim Women Throughout History . . . girls' education in particular has been shown to have substantial economic and social benefits. . . Studies have shown that communities with a high proportion of educated mothers have less health problems. In modern times, those who disapprove of girls' education are not speaking from a sound religious perspective, but rather a limited and extreme political view that does not represent all Muslims and in no way represents the position of Islam itself. In reality, there is nothing in the teachings of Islam that prevents the education of girls--the truth is quite the contrary, as we have seen. There may be discussion and debate over the content of secular education, the separation of boys and girls in school, and other gender-related matters. However, these are issues which are possible to resolve and do not prescribe or justify a blanket prohibition against rigorous and comprehensive education for girls.
Bernhard Riemann On Psychology and Metaphysics ca. 1860 G. W. Leibniz Today's Elites Sunday, March 14, 2010 Time and Light Einstein's principle of the invariant speed of light no matter what the relative motion is from the physical starting point from which that light emanates, indicates that time itself must be relative to this universally inherent quality of boundedness. The function of light, more broadly conceived as propagation of electromagnetic wave phenomena, varies relative to the type of bounding sphere (geosphere, biosphere, noosphere) as defined by Vernadsky, upon which it operates. First, what Vernadsky labelled the geosphere or the inorganic realm is the result of the creation of elements up to iron by nuclear fusion in the furnaces of stars and heavier elements by shockwave explosions in supernovae (or perhaps other hitherto undiscovered inorganic processes.) The scale of time for the evolution of elements is only bounded by the age of the universe itself. In Riemann's philosophical notes we find musings upon the hierarchical relativity of time. He takes as his model Fechner's works on the Zend-Avesta. Fechner views the systems of stars as a higher form of a universal life principle. Vernadsky dismisses this as pantheism, or a form of world soul, purporting to bestow consciousness upon the inorganic. However, I am more charitable toward Fechner's scheme. It is the case that inherent in the formation of planets from stars, the elements essential to life, and cosmic energy is embedded a principle of life. The question of whether this universal order is higher because it encompasses all of time and thereby all possibilities, or lower because it is merely inorganic dissolves when viewed from the standpoint of how technology may use the principle of fusion, matter anti-matter reactions, and other as yet undiscovered sources of energy/matter transformations. Seen from this perspective,that which Vernadsky denominates as the Noosphere, humanity noetically continues or recapitulates the process of creation in the sense that Nicholas of Cusa gives as the Microcosm recapitulating the entire development of the Macrocosm. Second, the photosynthetic property of light on the biosphere is the obvious transformation that leads to large scale evolutionary dynamics. We also now find that life thrives at the cellular level as thermophiles and extremophiles feeding from thermal and radioactive radiation. For the biosphere, the addition of a directional sort of causality that involves a primitive sort of choice is manifest. The opposite chirality of the amino acid and sugar molecules evince this. It is quite remarkable that the ATPase mitochondrial motor that produces usable biological energy rotates either clockwise or counter clockwise depending on whether the form of life is aerobic or anaerobic. Further, an ongoing quality of directness inheres in the evolutionary development of life forms that are able to capture and efficiently use more energy dense sources of nourishment. Thus, for Vernadsky, the biosphere is bounded by this evolutionary principle. Third, the human creative interaction with light and radiative processes more generally, via technology shows itself in a multi-functional evolutionary way. At the dawning of civilization, epic poetry underlines the discovery of fire from wood burning. This is the first in a succession of advancements in fuel sources that lift humanity's inventors into the role of self conscious directed evolution benefiting unborn future generations. Just as fundamental to these epic poems is the invention of navigation via decoding the positions and movements of the light from stars. As LaRouche has shown, within any one mode of technology, there is posed a crisis for society through the using up of the relatively limited energetic resource. This is the the principle which by necessity bounds the proper functioning of the Vernadsky's Noosphere. Here for humanity, creativity and choice becomes a moral imperative for ensuring that we bestow on our posterity the capability to advance understanding and application of light understood literally and metaphorically. This power of continuous creation we can either willfully promote or deny. If we insanely and suicidally insist upon the primacy of the obligation to pay debt which has been manufactured by the machinations of the global monetarist oligarchy then we will have willfully doused this light. And a dark age will have justly be brought down upon us. On the other hand, if we defeat this monetarist cabal and their control, we can look to the future prospect of our species happiness through virtually limitless colonization of space. No comments: Post a Comment Blog Archive
An Irish Traveller’s path to higher education Chantelle Cawley discusses the barriers to education that the Travelling Community face Chantelle Cawley is a 21-year-old Irish Traveller studying at Mary Immaculate College, Thurles. She is in her third year, working towards a degree in post-primary education with Business and Religion. Speaking about her experiences growing up as an Irish Traveller in school, Cawley remarks: “I did at times feel that my teachers never understood my culture. For example, they were so conscious of other students with differences but not Traveller students.” As an ethnic minority group in Ireland, numbering less than 45,000, Travellers face discrimination from society. The Irish Government has resisted extending support to this community, only recognising their status as an ethnic group in 2017. Many barriers exist for Irish Travellers, especially in higher education. Much of this comes from structural and cultural obstacles that prevent Travellers from flourishing in education in the same way as non-Travellers. Within the EU, Ireland has one of the highest number of students that attend third level education. However, according to the 2016 census, just 0.5% of Irish Travellers continue onto higher education and graduate with a qualification. In the 1970s, children from the Irish Traveller community were put into segregated, Traveller-only schools. Traveller-only classrooms were in use up until 2000. In a submission made to the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Education and Skills, Travellers shared their experience of these institutions. They recounted being washed before they were allowed into the classroom each morning. Traveller children were given separate lunchtimes so that they could avoid interacting with their settled counterparts. An issue that many of these children had to deal with was teachers refusing to educate them, as there was a perception that as Travellers they did not have the capacity to be taught. Consequently, many did not learn to read or write. Teachers are important in the lives of students, Cawley says, pointing out the positive impact some teachers have: “I just think as a teacher you have so much potential to make a difference in students’ lives, especially when they are going through so much.” She cites this as a reason that made her want to become a teacher. Even today, in parts of Ireland, some schools are labelled as Traveller schools, where children from this community will be sent. Reportedly, 70% of students in an unnamed school in Tuam are Travellers. This is one of many issues faced by Irish Travellers today, something the Irish Travellers Movement (ITM) want to change. This organisation was founded in 1990, and they represent Travellers and Traveller organisations. Their objective is to challenge the racism that Travellers face in Ireland, with the goal of promoting integration and equality in society. Stereotyping and profiling are problems for Irish Travellers as there is often a lack of understanding on the part of educators. “I often felt like they didn’t like me and were quite hard on me in both primary and post-primary. It’s funny because I loved school and I would have considered myself a well behaved student,” Cawley explains. The ITM has recommended that intercultural awareness training becomes a mandatory component of continued teacher professional development. This would help to remove the negative stereotypes and anti-Traveller racism in the school environment. The incredibly low number of Travellers in higher education is partially a knock-on effect from people in the community leaving education at early ages. The national average for people that reach Leaving Certificate is 73%, but among working age Travellers it is 8%. In the same vein, nationally 86% of people aged between 25 and 34 have achieved a second level education, whereas only 9% of Travellers have. The outcome of this data must be traced back to primary and early secondary education. Travellers in school can often feel isolated, Cawley explains, indicating that the lack of a sense of belonging is a primary barrier. Cultural differences can separate them from non-Travellers, as there is a lack of education and understanding: “I feel as though many Travellers do not want to progress because they feel isolated and want to be with people like them, who are people in the Travelling community.” Cawley mentions that in school people would ask her about Irish Travellers, curious to know more. The ITM has been advocating for the inclusion of Traveller history and culture in school curricula. The ITM states that schools have failed to acknowledge Traveller culture and history, which leads to those from the community feeling invisible. They also noted that non-Traveller children are deprived of learning about Traveller culture in a positive light which increases “the chance of their views being formed by the negative stereotypical views of Travellers that persist in wider society”. The Yellow Flag Programme delivers an 8 step series dealing with interculturalism, equality and diversity into the whole school programme. The ITM pioneered it as a way to promote greater understanding and respect of cultural diversity within school communities. The need for this programme was noticed when teachers voiced their apprehension about discussing the Traveller community. Feeling underinformed and unaware of the correct terminology, many feared that they would be perceived as racist. I would be late for school sometimes because I had things to do at home, like chores and getting my siblings ready for school, and my teachers used to make such a big deal out of it, they used to make me feel so embarrassed.” According to Cawley, it was normal to feel as though teachers did not understand Traveller culture: “I would be late for school sometimes because I had things to do at home, like chores and getting my siblings ready for school, and my teachers used to make such a big deal out of it, they used to make me feel so embarrassed.” Teachers do not realise the pressure that many Travellers are under in school. “I never felt like any of my teachers were empathetic,” Cawley said, emphasising how this really affected her as a student. The National Traveller Survey 2017 found that 4 out of ten Travellers said they or their children had been bullied in school because of their identity as a Traveller. Cawley specifically remembers “the amount of times I heard people refer to Travellers as knackers or pikeys, and there was nothing done about it”. In 2013, the Department of Education & Skills Action Plan on Bullying was established. It recognised that some children, especially Traveller children and children of immigrant parents, are more vulnerable to racist bullying due to their identity. It was recommended that preventative strategies were put in place by schools to address this. The ITM was supportive of this, with the Yellow Flag Programme providing expertise on specific forms of identity-based bullying. It was established that Traveller children are more likely to report being bullied at school and to leave school early specifically because of these negative experiences. In 2011, when large scale budget cuts were made, Traveller-specific educational supports were struck, losing 87% of their funding.” Funding is a major barrier faced by Travellers when entering higher education. In 2011, when large scale budget cuts were made, Traveller-specific educational supports were struck hard, losing 87% of their funding. This included the withdrawal of the Visiting Teacher Service, the loss of many Resource teachers in primary schools, and cuts to allocated teaching hours in secondary schools. ITM stated that these cuts were made when Ireland had the highest retention of Traveller students continuing from primary to post-primary. The lack of funding devastated the support infrastructure and had a detrimental effect on Travellers’ educational progression since then. Traveller-specific objectives were set out by the National Action Plan for Education 2016-2019. One of these was to increase the number of Travellers that continue onto higher education. The plan aimed to target full and part-time undergraduate new entrants, of which there would be 80 in 2019. The ITM found that there was no data available for the bursary scheme that was meant to be provided to third level institutions in 2016. This funding was intended to “promote participation for underrepresented groups, including Travellers”. Currently, the Traveller Education Strategy remains inactive, as there was no implementation plan available when it was published. It set out to achieve its goals within five years; that was 10 years ago. Speaking on the evolving perception of education within the Traveller community and culture, Cawley noted that while it is becoming more acceptable for people in the Traveller community to attend higher education, it is not appealing to most: “education does not have a high value within the Travelling community.” This is changing though and older generations are becoming interested in young Travellers attending higher education. Cawley explains: “they have become wise of the benefits of it. My grandparents are very interested in my education, and they are always asking me about my assignments.” As the eldest among her siblings, Cawley has two younger sisters, both of whom left school at fifteen: “I just always knew that I wanted to go on to higher education. They have different views on higher education than me; it doesn’t really appeal to them.” Mobile counterparts of the Travelling community have further complications when it comes to education compared to settled Travellers. Cawley says that often “children don’t feel secure in one school” when they have to keep moving schools in order “to keep up with the tradition”. She adds: “they also may be affected by what other students will say about their living conditions because they live in trailers and mobile homes. Students need to be made aware of different living conditions.” Traveller students would benefit if there was an assigned teacher or a Resource teacher who they could go to for advice and help, according to Cawley. She believes that the curriculum should be broadened to cater for Irish Travellers and all students of diverse backgrounds. “My grandfather has very little literacy skills but can do long division, multiplication, change measurements and so on in his head,” says Cawley. She explains how even though Travellers may have minimal schooling, the community continues to defy the offensive stereotype that Travellers cannot be intelligent. She also notes that Travellers are talented craftsmen and have great entrepreneurial skills: “the list goes on, it’s just a shame they never got to tap into their real potential.” People are predisposed to have assumptions about different groups, but that does not mean it is right to have one singular view. “I really feel like all Irish Travellers get painted with the same brush. Every Irish Traveller or family are different.” There should be greater consideration for the Traveller community and a more nuanced understanding of their culture. “They deserve as much attention as anyone else in education,” Cawley believes. “Teachers can make a really big difference in young people’s lives. So, I hope that teachers with Irish Traveller students will encourage them to consider further education.” Shauna Bannon Ward Shauna Bannon Ward
(1937-10-06) Who Needs Bullies? Details for Who Needs Bullies? Summary: Maeve and Josie have a brief conversation about bullies in the Gryffindor Common Room Date: 6 October, 1937 Location: Gryffindor Common Room Related: None It's late morning on a Saturday, and Maeve is sitting in a corner of an exceptionally quiet common room, which is mostly occupied by first and second years, as pretty much everyone else is at Hogsmeade. The irish girl has her harp out, and is playing it softly, practicing as she does try to spend at least an hour each day. Her eyes are closed at the moment, and she's smiling happily, having settled in nicely in the month or so since the term began. Josie comes wandering into the common room from the direction of the girls' dormitories, with a couple books for her homework. She spends a lot more time than anybody else doing homework, usually with a dictionary handy, as reading and writing and spelling are not her best skills. She smiles as she hears the music, and finds a place to sit near Maeve, waving but not saying anything to interrupt the music as she opens her books. Maeve continues to play, softly, directing a smile at the other first year, but not saying anything, as she doesn't want to interrupt her own music. Finally, the song ends, and she carefully sets the harp down next to her chair. "Hullo," she says to the other girl. "How are ye doin' today?" Josie smiles and says, "Hi." She then says, "I'm ok. Except I still think it's stupid we can't go to Hogsmeade too." She flips through her book to find her page, and then asks, as she realizes she should, "How're you?" Maeve shrugs. "I'm doin' well. Been gettin' used to all the new things, and thinkin' about joinin' the duelin' club. Those Slytherin bullies keep tryin' t' pick on me, seems t' me that I should be learnin' how t' defend m'self…" Josie smiles and says, "You should! Dueling club's fun. You gonna come see that big demonstration on Monday? I can't wait! Mr. Bates is brilliant, bet he'll put on a great show." Then she pauses and adds, "But we're not supposed to use that magic outside club, so that won't help with the Slytherins. Well, it can, but then you'd be in trouble with Pringle, which I bet is way worse than some Slytherins." Maeve nods, as she does remember that little fact. "O' course. Ye're absolutely right, and I'm nae sure I'd want t' risk his wrath. Still, as long as I don't have t' beat th' tar outta one o' them, I'll be happy. Josie giggles and nods a little. "Next year, think I'm gonna buy a bunch of stuff from that joke shop in Diagon Alley, so I have supplies to get any bullies. Maybe there's some potion we could make that'd get them back for you, though. I'll ask Cillian, he's way better in potions than me." Maeve thinks for a moment. "Well, I can see where that could help keep 'em off our backs. Have ye been havin' trouble with 'em too?" She streches, then shifts in her chair so that she's laying across the seat. Josie shakes her head, "Naw. Not much anwyay. Dunno why, maybe they just haven't got around to me yet. Or maybe 'cause I'm in the Slug Club. Dunno. Everybody else seems to, though, with different bullies. Some older kid cast a spell on Cillian to keep him from talking, once. A second year keeps getting chased by some Huffepuffs. Stuff like that everywhere." Maeve raises an eyebrow at that latter. "Now, why would th' Hufflepuffs be doin' that? And who is it?" She has a genuinely puzzled look on her face. Admittedly, the girl's a touch on the naive side. Josie shrugs and says, "He says he hexed one of their friends, so he kinda deserves it, but says it was self-defence too. Um.. can't remember his name. He's the small one, smaller than me." Railan, in other words. Maeve nods. "There aren't too many smaller than ye. In fact, I think he and I are about th' only ones. Josie nods quickly in agreement at that and says, "Yeah, probably. Especially not many in second year." She looks down at her book again then and says, "Think my reading's getting better. Starting to know words without sounding them out in my head anymore. A few anyway." Maeve nods. "Would ye like me t' help ye with them? I'd be more than happy t' help." She smiles, as she shifts positions again. Josie looks back to Maeve with a smile and says, "That'd be brilliant, thanks!" She moves so Maeve can see her book a bit easier, a chapter they have to read for DADA, and she starts pointing out words she has trouble with.
Genetic Linkage ‘CRISPR this, CRISPR that’: Is our fascination with the popular gene-editing tool distracting us from the potential of gene-silencing RNAi technology? CRISPR, it seems, is everywhere. Google "crisper" and "Did you mean crispr?" shoots back. The film Rampage brought a giant, CRISPRed wolf, ape and gator. In real life a year ago, renegade researcher He Jiankui announced CRISPRing human twins at fertilization and then vanished, an unpublished manuscript just now surfacing at MIT Tech Review. He's now in jail. CRISPR is the subject of Netflix's Unnatural Selection and the upcoming documentary Human Nature. CRISPR this, CRISPR that. But drugs based on CRISPR are just entering clinical trials. Nevertheless, NPR breathlessly announces its "exclusive access" to the story of Victoria Gray, a woman receiving cells CRISPRed outside her body and then infused to treat her sickle cell disease. One patient, at the start of a trial. Yet on November 20, the FDA approved the second drug based on RNA interference (RNAi) technology. I didn't see much mainstream media coverage. Be the first to comment
Gambar halaman ated for his services by grants of the General Court, made from year to year; and Magistrates and Deputies received an allowance at a fixed rate for each day of their presence in the General Court, paid sometimes by their towns, and sometimes from the general treasury." In Plymouth, the Magistrates, when on duty, had their living at the public charge.” Neither in Connecticut nor in New Haven does it appear that the Magistrates or Deputies received any regular stipend in the early times.” The public treasury of each Colony was supplied by direct taxes upon property.” There was as yet no capitation tax or excise.” The share, which, through their delegated voice in the General Courts, the towns had in the general legislation, was not the chief of the functions that belonged to them. The municipal jurisdictions present a peculiarity of the social system of New England, than which none more attracts, at this day, the attention of intelligent strangers, or has had more influence on the condition and the character of the people, through the eight generations of their history. The territory of these States, with the exception of that small portion at the north which remains unoccupied, is laid off into districts of moderate extent, and the inhabitants of each form a little body politic, with an administration of its own, conducted, by officials of its own choice, according to its own will, within certain limits imposed by the higher common authority." With something of the same propriety with which the nation may be said to be a confederacy of republics called States, each New-England State may be described as a confederacy of minor republics, called Towns. The system is the extreme opposite of a political centralization. To the utmost extent consistent with the common action and the common welfare of the aggregate of towns that make the State, the towns severally are empowered to take care of those interests of theirs which they respectively can best understand, and can most efficiently and most economically provide for; and these are identical with the interests which most directly concern the public security, comfort, and morals. Thus it belongs to them, and they are compelled by general laws of the States within which they are severally included, to protect the public health and order by means of a police; to maintain safe and convenient communication about and through their precinct by roads and bridges; to furnish food, clothing, and shelter to their poor; to provide for the education of all their children at their common charge. By force of this institution, every man in New England belongs to a small community of neighbors, known to the law as a corporation, with rights and liabilities as such, capable of suing and subject to be sued in the courts of justice, in disputes with any parties, individual or corporate.” Once a year the corporation chooses the administrators of its affairs, and determines the amount of money with which it will intrust them, and how this shall be raised." If the State levies a general tax, it is the town treasuries that must pay it; and the State fixes the proportion due from each town, leaving it to the town to distribute the burden of its share in the assessment among its own people. As to matters of their own interest, the towns present their petitions, and, as to matters of general concern, they send their advice, to the central authorities. By their magistrates, they exercise a responsible supervision of the elections of officers of the town, the county, the State, and the nation. The experience of later times dictated improvements of detail in the municipal system of New England; but its outline was complete when it was first devised.” At the epoch of the confederation, there were forty-nine towns in the four Colonies, of which number Plymouth had eight, Massachusetts thirty, Connecticut (including Saybrook) six, and New Haven five. The institution of towns, with their government of Select-men, had its origin in Massachusetts, and was borrowed thence by the other governments.” When the public business had assumed a methodical course, the establishment of towns * Mass. Rec., I. 183, 187, 228; II. 67; Mass. Hist. Coll., XXVIII. 226. — “They [the Assistants] have hitherto been volunteers, governing without pay from the people.” (Johnson, Wonderworking Providence, Book I. Chap. XLV.; comp. Body of Liberties, Art. 63; Mass. Hist. Coll., XXI. 16–20.) * Plym. Rec., I. 101, 127. * Trumbull (History, I. 170) supposes that an allowance to the Governor of Connecticut of thirty pounds, in 1648, was the first that was made to any civil officer in that Colony. But as early as 1641, a grant was made to the Governor of 160 bushels of corn (worth about twenty-four pounds), and thirty pounds were voted to him in 1645. In 1648, an annual allowance of the latter amount (to both the Governor and Deputy-Governor) was made permanent. (Conn. Rec. I. 69 131, 161, 162.) * Mass. Rec., I. 120. * I believe the first poll-tax was levied in Massachusetts (Mass. Rec., II. 173), and the first excise in Plymouth (Plym. Rec., II. 103); both in 1646. * In 1850, Massachusetts had 321 * Towns began early to be admon towns, Maine 396, New Hampshire 226, Vermont 248, Rhode Island 31, and Connecticut 153. (Seventh Census of the United States, 1–86.) The average number of inhabitants in the Rhode-Island towns was 4,760; in those of Maine, 1,470. In respect to the amount of population in their towns, these States present the two extremes. ished of their obligations by heavy fines for neglect. (See, e.g., Mass. Rec., I. 23.3.) The earliest city governments, those of New Haven and New London in Connecticut, were instituted in 1784. There are now cities in every New-England State. The rights and liabilities of cities and towns in relation to the State are the same. took place in this manner. The General Court, in the exercise of its rights, of ownership and jurisdiction, over the territory within its boundaries, granted a tract of land to a company of persons understood to be capable of supporting a minister, and authorized them to establish a plantation and a church. The land, when its bounds had been set out by a committee of the Court, was held at first by the company as proprietors in common." To transact the joint business, to build the meeting-house, choose and support the minister, admit new associates, distribute the lands among individuals, make the roads, preserve order, attend to weights and measures, and regulate a variety of miscellaneous affairs, —the organization of a local authority was immediately needed. With the growth of numbers and of interests, the town meetings, town by-laws, town offices and elections would assume more importance, and come to be regulated with more system, but still with irregularities and differences in different places, which at length would require to be reduced to some uniformity; and as, step by step, the relations of the towns to their own people, to one another, and to the whole community were developed, they led to new provisions of the central government, defining the municipal powers and obligations. The difference between a city and a town is, that the former manages its affairs by representatives chosen by the citizens; the latter, by votes of the whole body of citizens in town-meet- ing. In law, a city is a town. In Con- necticut, however, there are some pe- culiarities of the constitution of a city government, which qualify this doctrine. * The aggregate amount of money which the towns of Massachusetts an- nually raise and expend within them- selves is far greater than the amount collected and expended by the Com- VOL. II. 2 monwealth. But the State tax has varied too much from time to time to admit of a satisfactory statement of the * There is nothing better in De Tocqueville than his treatment of this institution (Democracy in America, 41 – 60). * Duxbury, the earliest Plymouth town after the original settlement, dates from 1637, when Charlestown and Dorchester had had municipal governors for two or three years. (See Wol. I. 381). Almost from the beginning, each town had the following civil officers, chosen by its own freemen; namely, a board of Selectmen, varying in number from three to nine; a Clerk; a Treasurer; a Sealer of Weights and Measures; one or more Surveyors of Highways; a Constable; and one or more Tithing-men. Meanwhile the persons exercising ecclesiastical functions were officers of the same community, elected by the same constituents; for not only was there a church wherever there was a town, but the church was the nucleus about which the neighborhood constituting a town was gathered. It was not till after several generations, that the towns released themselves from the ecclesiastical element that belonged to their original constitution; and down to the present century, in most of the towns of Massachusetts, the proceedings and records of the municipality and of the religious congregation continued to be the same. No want presses itself sooner on the attention of a community, than that of a regular administration of justice among its members. In the beginning court, or of the Colonies, whatever of the judicial author. * ity was not exercised by the body of freemen, resided in the central board of Magistrates. As litigation increased with the increase of numbers, inferior courts were instituted to exercise local jurisdiction. When the settlements of Plymouth had begun to extend, “two sufficient men, one of Yarmouth and another of Barnsta- Igo. ble,” were annually empowered, in association ** with an Assistant, “to hear and determine suits and controversies, betwixt party and party within the township, not exceeding three pounds.”* Besides courts of this description, we read of no inferior tribunals in that Colony for many years; nor, in the primitive times, does any judicial authority, except the Court of Magistrates (or Assistants) and Plantation (or Town) Courts” (both borrowed from Plymouth and Massachusetts), appear to have been instituted in either Connecticut or New Haven. In Massachusetts, “Inferior Courts” were early established, consisting each of five judges, one at least being a Magistrate resident within the jurisdiction of ion. his Court, the others being persons appointed by ** the General Court from a list nominated by the freemen * Mass. Rec. I. 136, 141, 146, 156, I. 36, 37, 58, 59. Comp. Gorges, Amer157, 179, 271, 279, 319; Conn. Rec., ica painted to the Life, 42. * Brigham, Compact, &c., 66. Comp. sums not greater than forty shillings. Plym. Rec., II. 73, 118. In New Haven they might decide * N. H. Rec., I, 113; Conn. Rec., questions to the amount of twenty I. 130; comp. 12, 21, 69. The Plan- pounds, and inflict fines not exceeding tation Courts of Connecticut had juris- five pounds, and the punishments of diction only in controversies involving whipping and setting in the stocks. « SebelumnyaLanjutkan »
You’ll find the most advanced therapies that damage cancer cells with radiation. Radiation therapy helps fight cancer by causing enough damage to the DNA of cancer cells to kill them or stop them from dividing. Radiation therapy can be delivered using different types of radiation, such as: • X-rays • Gamma rays • Charged particles Because radiation therapy can potentially hurt nearby healthy cells, our specialists in radiation therapy use state-of-the-art tools to precisely deliver radiation where it will be most effective and create the least amount of harm and discomfort. Radiation can be delivered internally or externally. • Internal radiation therapy, also called brachytherapy, is when radioactive material is put in the body near the cancer cells or when it travels through the blood to get rid of cancer cells. • External-beam radiation therapy is delivered with a machine from outside the body, and focused on tissue deep within the body. Radiation therapy treatment begins with scans of your body. These scans determine the exact position of the cancer and the safest way to deliver the radiation to that area. Our team of therapists include dosimetrists, who work with your radiation oncologist to design the exact details of your radiation plan, including the doses of radiation needed to harm the cancer cells and preserve nearby healthy cells. Which type of radiation therapy will you receive? Your radiation oncologist will prescribe the type of radiation therapy needed based on • The cancer’s type, size, and location • Proximity of the cancer to normal tissues sensitive to radiation • Your age, general health, and medical history • Whether you will have other types of cancer treatment Holden’s excellence makes a difference in delivering your radiation therapy. Our approach to radiation therapy is among the most advanced in the nation. Our teams include scientists who are specially trained in radiation dosing and its effect on healthy and diseased tissue. We employ innovative techniques to deliver the most effective doses to the precise location, including over multiple therapy sessions.
I am reading this material for understanding the switch mode push pull power supplies. Push Pull Switched Mode Power Supplies I am unable to understand the working though. Can someone provide a simple explanation for the circuit in 3.4.2 and its waveforms? And it is mentioned as R3 and C2 are the timings components which I dont understand also. How do the internal transistors and the external transistors function? Please explain. Thanks. • \$\begingroup\$ If you haven't already, strongly recommend reading modules 1-3.4.1 \$\endgroup\$ – K H Jan 16 '19 at 4:39 The working of the circuit is described here in this document which describes the functionality of PWM modulators. RT and Ct are part of an oscillator circuit where \$ f = \frac{1.18}{R_T C_T}\$ (Rt is in kΩ, Ct is in uF, f is in kHz) Practical values of CT fall between 1 nF and 100 nF. Practical values of RT fall between 1.8 kW and 100 kW. This results in a frequency range typically from 120 Hz to 500 kHz. Source: datasheet listed above enter image description here \| improve this answer \| \| • \$\begingroup\$ Thanks. Can you provide a run through of the operation of the blocks during one on state and one off state? \$\endgroup\$ – Freshman Jan 16 '19 at 5:09 • \$\begingroup\$ And sorry for the basic question, how does the capacitor charge and discharge through the resistor. From where the R and C get the charge and discharge? \$\endgroup\$ – Freshman Jan 16 '19 at 5:17 • \$\begingroup\$ Is this homework? \$\endgroup\$ – Voltage Spike Jan 16 '19 at 5:55 • \$\begingroup\$ No I am trying to understand the working of the circuit \$\endgroup\$ – Freshman Jan 16 '19 at 6:03 • \$\begingroup\$ I am unable to understand how the RC section works. We will get a ramp waveform at the timing capacitor pin only when RC is connected in series, right? But here R and C are not in series. How is this ramp generated? \$\endgroup\$ – Freshman Jan 16 '19 at 6:45 Your Answer
Skip to main content Genome sequence of the acid-tolerant Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232 from Karijini National Park, Australia Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming acid-tolerant rod that was trapped in 2001 from acidic soil collected from Karijini National Park (Australia) using Gastrolobium capitatum as a host. WSM2232 was effective in nitrogen fixation with G. capitatum but subsequently lost symbiotic competence during long-term storage. Here we describe the features of Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232, together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 7,208,311 bp standard-draft genome is arranged into 72 scaffolds of 72 contigs containing 6,322 protein-coding genes and 61 RNA-only encoding genes. The loss of symbiotic capability can now be attributed to the loss of nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes from the genome. This rhizobial genome is one of 100 sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project. Burkholderia spp. are a diverse group of organisms capable of thriving in diverse environments with many forming mutualistic associations with organisms such as fungi and plants [1]. The development in the 1960s and 1970s of a rational classification system for Pseudomonas species resulted in proposals to give different generic names to taxonomically distinct groups. The organisms previously classified within Pseudomonas rRNA similarity Group II were transferred into the new genus Burkholderia [2]. All described Burkholderia species at that time were phytopathogenic, or opportunistic mammalian pathogens with the type species B. cepacia becoming a growing community health concern in immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients [35]. With the isolation of more Burkholderia spp., it has become apparent that the genus is a far more complex mix, with the isolation of numerous soil-inhabiting species capable of degrading heavy metals and environmental contaminants [6,7]. Further reports identified plant growth promoting (PGP) species and legume microsymbionts. This led to a paradigm shift in rhizobiology and resulted in numerous new novel Burkholderia spp. descriptions [810]. Most PGP, or legume microsymbiont species of Burkholderia have been isolated in South America from Mimosa spp. or South Africa from Papilionoideae legumes and until recently, B. graminis was the only described PGP bacterial species isolated from Australia in the maize rhizosphere [11]. Australian Burkholderia have been isolated as nodule occupants from some Acacia spp., [12] however none have been authenticated or tested for the nodulation of other legumes. There is little data regarding the symbiosis between Burkholderia and legumes in Australia compared to South Africa and South America. Burkholderia sp. WSM2232 was trapped from acidic soil (pHCaCl2 4.8) collected from Karijini National Park (Western Australia) using Gastrolobium capitatum as a host. Sites where the soil pH was higher (pHCaCl2 >7) did not contain any Burkholderia symbionts but did contain numerous Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium spp. (Watkin, unpublished). Soil pH is an edaphic variable that controls microbial biogeography [13] and the acid tolerance of Burkholderia has been shown to account for the biogeographical distribution of this genus [14]. The symbiotic capacity of WSM2232 was authenticated in axenic glasshouse trials using inoculation of G. capitatum grown in nitrogen free conditions. Inoculated plants nodulated by WSM2232 produced significantly greater mass than uninoculated controls. WSM2232 was subcultured and placed in long-term storage in frozen laboratory glycerol stocks. Isolate revival and inoculation onto endemic Australian legumes failed to elicit a symbiotic response. The reason for the loss of the symbiotic phenotype has, until now, not been identified. The genome of Burkholderia strain WSM2232 is one of two Australian Burkholderia genomes (the other being that of WSM2230 (GOLD ID Gi08831)) that have now been sequenced through the Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) program. Here we present a preliminary description of the general features of Burkholderia sp. WSM2232 together with its genome sequence and annotation. The absence of nodulation genes within this genome explains the nodulation minus symbiotic phenotype of the laboratory cultured strain. The genomes of WSM2232 and WSM2230 will be an important resource to identify the processes enabling such isolates to adapt to the infertile, highly acidic soils that dominate the Australian landscape. Classification and features Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232 is a motile, non-sporulating, non-encapsulated, Gram-negative rod in the order Burkholderiales of the class Betaproteobacteria. The rod-shaped form varies in size with dimensions of 0.25–0.5 µm for width and 0.5–2.0 µm for length (Figure 1A and 1B). Figure 1. Images of Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232using scanning (A) and transmission (B) electron microscopy. It is fast growing, forming colonies within 1–2 days when grown on LB agar [15] devoid of NaCl and within 3–4 days when grown on half strength Lupin Agar (½LA) [16], tryptone-yeast extract agar (TY) [17] or a modified yeast-mannitol agar (YMA) [18] at 28°C. Colonies on ½LA are opaque, slightly domed and moderately mucoid with smooth margins. Burkholderia sp. WSM2232 falls into a large clade containing PGP, bioremediation and legume microsymbiont species, and WSM2232 demonstrates PGP phenotypes including phosphate solubilization and hydroxamate-like siderophore production and is acid tolerant with growth in the pH range of 4.5–9.0 (Walker, unpublished). Minimum Information about the Genome Sequence (MIGS) is provided in Table 1. Figure 2 shows the phylogenetic neighborhood of Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232 in a 16S rRNA sequence based tree. This strain shares 99% (1352/1364 bp) sequence identity to the 16S rRNA gene of the sequenced strain Burkholderia sp. WSM2230 (Gi08831). Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232 (shown in bold print) to other members of the order Burkholderiales based on aligned sequences of the 16S rRNA gene (1,242 bp internal region). All sites were informative and there were no gap-containing sites. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using MEGA [29], version 5. The tree was built using the Maximum-Likelihood method with the General Time Reversible model [30]. Bootstrap analysis [31] with 500 replicates was performed to assess the support for the clusters. Type strains are indicated with a superscript T. Brackets after the strain name contain a DNA database accession number and/or a GOLD ID (beginning with the prefix G) for a sequencing project registered in GOLD [32]. Published genomes are indicated with an asterisk. Table 1. Classification and general features of Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232 according to the MIGS recommendations [19] Burkholderia sp. WSM2232 formed nodules (Nod+) and fixed N2 (Fix+) with G. capitatum when first isolated and was Nod- on various other Australian legumes and Mimosa pudica (Table 2). However, after long-term storage and subsequent culture, it failed to effectively nodulate G. capitatum. Table 2. Compatibility of Burkholderia sp. WSM2232 with nine legume species for nodulation (Nod) and N2-Fixation (Fix). Phenotype Microarray Strain WSM2232 was assayed using the Biolog Phenotype Microarray® plates (PM1 to 3) system testing 190 carbon and 95 nitrogen compounds. Plates were purchased from Biolog and tests were carried out per manufacturer’s instructions. The irreversible reduction of tetrazolium dye to formazan is used in this system to report on active metabolism [33]. The results obtained from the colorimetric assay are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Reduction of tetrazolium dye by NADH produced by respiring cells of Burkholderia sp. WSM2232 in the Biolog Phenotype Microarray Genome sequencing and annotation Genome project history This organism was selected for sequencing on the basis of its environmental and agricultural relevance to issues in global carbon cycling, alternative energy production, and biogeochemical importance, and is part of the Community Sequencing Program at the U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute (JGI) for projects of relevance to agency missions. The genome project is deposited in the Genomes OnLine Database [32] and a standard-draft genome sequence in IMG. Sequencing, finishing and annotation were performed by the JGI. A summary of the project information is shown in Table 4. Table 4. Genome sequencing project information for Burkholderia sp. WSM2232. Growth conditions and DNA isolation Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232 was cultured to mid logarithmic phase in 60 ml of TY rich medium on a gyratory shaker at 28°C [34]. DNA was isolated from the cells using a CTAB (Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) bacterial genomic DNA isolation method ( Genome sequencing and assembly The genome of Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232 was sequenced at the Joint Genome Institute (JGI) using Illumina technology [35]. An Illumina standard shotgun library was constructed and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, which generated 12,244,888, reads totaling 1,837 Mbp. All general aspects of library construction and sequencing performed at the JGI can be found at All raw Illumina sequence data was passed through DUK, a filtering program developed at JGI, which removes known Illumina sequencing and library preparation artifacts (Mingkun, L., Copeland, A. and Han, J., unpublished). The following steps were then performed for assembly: 1. (1) Filtered Illumina reads were assembled using Velvet [36] (version 1.1.04) 2. (2) 1–3 Kbp simulated paired end reads were created from Velvet contigs using wgsim ( 3. (3) Illumina reads were assembled with simulated read pairs using Allpaths-LG [37] (version r37348). Parameters for assembly steps were: 1. 1) Velvet —v —s 51 —e 71 —i 2 —t 1 —f “-shortPaired -fastq $FASTQ” —o “-ins_length 250 -min_contig_lgth 500”) 2. 2) 3. 3) Allpaths-LG (STD_1, project, assembly, fragment, 1,200,35,,,inward,0,0 SIMREADS, project,assembly,jumping,1,,,3000,300,inward,0,0). The final draft assembly contained 72 contigs in 72 scaffolds. The total size of the genome is 7.2 Mbp and the final assembly is based on 1,837 Mbp of Illumina data, which provides an average 255× coverage of the genome. Genome annotation Genes were identified using Prodigal [38] as part of the DOE-JGI annotation pipeline [39], followed by a round of manual curation using the JGI GenePrimp pipeline [40]. The predicted CDSs were translated and used to search the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nonredundant database, UniProt, TIGRFam, Pfam, PRIAM, KEGG, COG, and InterPro databases. The tRNAScanSE tool [41] was used to find tRNA genes, whereas ribosomal RNA genes were found by searches against models of the ribosomal RNA genes built from SILVA [42]. Other non-coding RNAs such as the RNA components of the protein secretion complex and the RNase P were identified by searching the genome for the corresponding Rfam profiles using INFERNAL ( Additional gene prediction analysis and manual functional annotation was performed within the Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG-ER) platform [43]. Genome properties The genome is 7,208,311 nucleotides 63.11% GC content (Table 5) and comprised of 72 scaffolds (Figure 3) of 72 contigs. From a total of 6,383 genes, 6,322 were protein encoding and 61 RNA only encoding genes. The majority of genes (80.90%) were assigned a putative function whilst the remaining genes were annotated as hypothetical. The distribution of genes into COGs functional categories is presented in Table 6. Figure 3. Graphical map of the four largest scaffolds genome for the genome of Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232. From bottom to the top of each scaffold: Genes on forward strand (color by COG categories as denoted by the IMG platform), Genes on reverse strand (color by COG categories), RNA genes (tRNAs green, sRNAs red, other RNAs black), GC content, GC skew. Table 5. Genome Statistics for Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232 Table 6. Number of protein coding genes of Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232 associated with the general COG functional categories. 1. 1. Compant S, Nowak J, Coenye T, Clement C, Barka EA. Diversity and occurrence of Burkholderia spp. in the natural environment. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2008; 32:607–626. PubMed 2. 2. 3. 3. Vial L, Chapalain A, Groleau MC, Deziel E. The various lifestyles of the Burkholderia cepacia complex species: a tribute to adaptation. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:1–12. PubMed 4. 4. Govan JR, Hughes JE, Vandamme P. Burkholderia cepacia: medical, taxonomic and ecological issues. J Med Microbiol 1996; 45:395–407. PubMed 5. 5. 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SILVA: a comprehensive online resource for quality checked and aligned ribosomal RNA sequence data compatible with ARB. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:7188–7196. PubMed 43. 43. Download references Author information Corresponding author Correspondence to Wayne Reeve. Rights and permissions Reprints and Permissions About this article Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark Cite this article Walker, R., Watkin, E., Tian, R. et al. Genome sequence of the acid-tolerant Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232 from Karijini National Park, Australia. Stand in Genomic Sci 9, 1168–1180 (2014). Download citation • root-nodule bacteria • nitrogen fixation • rhizobia • Betaproteobacteria
What Greta Thunberg Teaches Us About Teenagers by Micah Hayes January 7, 2020 Our culture is conflicted over teenagers. Some days they are kids and other days they are young adults. Sometimes they need to be excused for their recklessness and other times they need to be respected for their contribution to society. An example of this conflict played out recently on social media over pop star Camila Cabello. As a 15-year-old, Cabello made several racially insensitive posts on a social media site. When the posts were recently uncovered, 7 years later, the debate began. “She was a child. We can’t hold someone responsible for the dumb things they did in their teens,” some argued. While others countered, “The age of 15 is old enough to know better. She needs to be held accountable.” We’ve seen many other examples of this same debate over the last several years. Teenagers have sparked change through nationwide movements, most notably over gun violence. They have met with politicians, spoken out on national television, and influenced legislation. While some dismissed them as ignorant kids, others lauded the leadership of the next generation. But arguably no other young person has embodied this divide moreso than Greta Thunberg. Her name dominated the news cycle in 2019, with Time magazine naming her "Person of the Year." The 16-year-old garnered attention initially through her school strike for climate change in her home country of Sweden. Since then, she has become the global face of climate activism, with her efforts culminating in the world's largest climate demonstration in history. Thunberg’s rare passion for a complex issue brought her the world’s gaze. And with that attention also came the world’s scrutiny and division. Those who sided with her placed her on a pedestal and crowned her as the leader the world needs. Those who sided against her belittled her as ignorant, naive, and propped up. Again, we see the conflict playing out. Teenagers are world-changers when we agree with them and immature children when we don’t. Regardless of the politics and opinions on climate change, one thing is undeniable: a 16-year-old girl is impacting the world. As a student pastor, that gets me excited because it confirms something I believe deeply: we often underestimate young people. We sell them short. We set the bar too low. We make excuses for them. In the church, we say things like: "They aren’t ready for the 'adult' worship service yet. Their attention spans aren’t long enough. They will get bored. They need more fun and games. They don’t want to study the Bible. They can’t understand it. That’s too deep for them to handle. They are just kids." Greta Thunberg and other young leaders in the world today prove that teenagers are capable. They are much more capable than we in the church often realize. Teenagers are capable of thinking and learning. In school, they learn foreign languages and complex mathematical equations. They can handle some theology. They are tasked with reading and analyzing Shakespeare. They can handle the Bible. They voluntarily spend hours each week practicing piano, soccer, and theater. They can handle the spiritual disciplines. Teenagers are capable of leading. Every Friday night in the fall, local high school football games feature student leaders on display. From the field to the band to the cheerleaders to the student section, you plainly see young people influencing and leading others. They have the ability to do the same thing in the local church. They can use that same leadership in their school for Christ and his mission. Like Greta demonstrates, young leadership and youthful charisma is contagious. Teenagers are capable of challenging the status quo. For some reason, young people can upend traditions and social norms like no other group. When young people join together with a unified passion, adults take notice. They grab headlines and force change. This unique ability to shake things up reminds me of the early church in the book of Acts. What if the unified passion our students held was a desire to see their classmates come to Jesus? What if their rebellion and recklessness was harnessed for the kingdom of God? How might our local churches and communities be shaken up if teenagers were the ones to challenge the spiritual apathy of adults? Teenagers are capable of impacting the world. Here is the bottom line: when young people are passionate, bold, and relentless, things change. Teenagers today are more connected through technology, more aware of the world’s needs, and more concerned with injustice. These unique qualities give them the potential for a huge impact on the world. This generation could fulfill the Great Commission. They could reach the remaining unreached people groups. They could plant new churches in every city and revitalize the declining ones. They could baptize and disciple more new believers than any other generation before them. But here’s the question: Will we help get them there? Will we hold before them this God-glorifying, kingdom-expanding vision? Will we call them to the task they were created for? Or will we underestimate them? Will we write them off as “big kids”? If Greta Thunberg can impact the world through climate activism, then teenage followers of Jesus can impact the world through the gospel.
This summer eight different 10-by-10 foot units will be opened just south of the 1907 Memorial Church. In June the 2012 Field School students began screening dirt from those squares. Alexi Garrett lucked out right away: a 1685 silver Spanish coin made in Lima, Peru, and marked with the assayer's initial: R. "It was my very first bucket of dirt on my very first day out here," said Garrett, who just graduated with an English and History double major from St. Olaf College in Minnesota. "The joke is that for me it's all downhill from here." This is not the first Spanish coin found in the James Fort site from that period, but this one seems to have a high silver content. This coin is not milled on the edges or perfectly circular. It is called a "cob coin" because it was cut from the end of a rounded bar of silver and then weighed to determine its value -- which in this case is 1 real. "Cob" is an English word that derives from the Spanish word cabo, which means rope, but also a bit or a piece, or the end. The coin came from the landscaping fill in a unit opened just south of the 17th-century tower at the west end of the 1907 Memorial Church. Nearby another Spanish coin was found in mid-June: This copper coin was made in Segovia, Spain, in 1601 and features the image of the Roman aqueduct that still stands in that city. Why are Spanish coins in an English settlement? The Virginia Company had the authority to mint coinage for its colony but never did. It was too expensive to make money that was worth its weight in a precious metal. "It was a dynamic time," staff archaeologist David Givens said. "You wonder why the Virginia Company sent 104 men here and not a thousand. They just didn't have the money or the ships to do it. The Spanish had the ships." Some pocket change, especially foreign coins, did circulate, enabling colonists to purchase commodities from individual sailors on visiting supply ships that were part of the transatlantic economy. A silver coin cut into halves or quarters could still literally be worth half or a quarter of its whole value. Coinage remained scarce in Virginia throughout the colonial period. The units south of the Memorial Church have produced more than coinage. Archaeologists have found a St. Albans projectile point made of a striped stone called felcite from the Nottaway River basin on the North Carolina border. The point is probably 8,000 years old (the "early archaic" period), has serrated edges, and its tip is broken off. Unfortunately, there is no soil context to give further evidence about the recently-discovered coins or the St. Albans point or a broken English key or even a cannonball from a light cannon known as a falconet. "This fill has been moved several times. Who knows where it came from originally," Jamestown Rediscovery staff archaeologist Danny Schmidt said. Givens said that what is found in the units to the south of the church tower may answer the lingering question of how old the tower is. Estimates about its construction date have ranged from the 1640s to the 1690s. The other focus of the 19th archaeological season at Historic Jamestowne is an L-shaped cellar at least 25 feet long from the early James Fort period (1607-1610). This feature is in an area west of the brick church tower and north of the recently rediscovered 1608 church. This cellar aligns with James Fort's first well, which sits just 10 feet away to the west and at the same angle. There is hope that if this does turn out to be a well, it can solve the mystery of the location of a third James Fort well apparently dug in 1611. "Consequently, any artifacts from it can be tightly dated and could determine how the new martial laws instituted by Lord De La Warr affected the material lives of the colonists," said Dr. William Kelso, Director of Archaeological Research at Historic Jamestowne. "After they were abandoned, the Fort wells have typically produced a trove of artifacts." Recently the cellar has produced a turtle shell, a horse jawbone, and the medallion of a German stoneware jug in redeposited subsoil, taken from somewhere else near the fort. The jug medallion fits with sherds from the neck of the jug found in the cellar/well just 10 feet away. "I think this is just the tip of the iceberg. It looks like we'll see a lot of cross-mends between what we are finding now and the pieces we found in the well/cellar," Schmidt said. Senior Archaeological Curator Bly Straube said this linkage between pieces relates to the clean-up of James Fort in June 1610 ordered by the newly-arrived Lord Governor and Captain General of Virginia, Lord De La Warr. She has overseen the mending of thousands of artifacts. "That's a process I am constantly doing across the whole site. That's why I have all those pieces out on the tables in the lab, to make those connections and to show the links between the features on the site," Straube said. The cellar being examined this summer has also produced the base of a candlestick that is rare for its material: pewter. The Jamestown Rediscovery collection has brass and ceramic candlesticks, but few aged pewter objects survive contact with the air. Senior conservator Michael Lavin said, "Pewter is in the tin family. It's more tin than lead. Pewter does not survive in clay/acidic soil because the tin deteriorates in the ground." A decade ago the archaeologists found a pewter spoon in a man's pocket in a burial, but the spoon's shape quickly flaked apart. One way to get information before such disintegration is to keep the object within dirt until it can be pictured with an x-ray. This procedure showed the pewter candlestick to be about five inches across. The Jamestown Rediscovery team did the same for a sword's basket hilt found in the L-shaped cellar. Now that an x-ray has shown the outline of the hilt, the next step is air abrasion to clean the hilt of the dirt, and that will take a long time, Lavin said. "We have other basket hilts in our collection. We won't know if this is unique until we conserve it," he said. "We have only one that is a whole sword. [The settlers] were dismantling them on purpose. There is valuable steel in the blade." related images Dig Update Archive, 2004-present
Nuclear Power Plant Isar, Germany Spent nuclear fuel pool Turbine of a nuclear plant Nuclear Energy From The Perspective Of Sustainable Development Nuclear energy from the perspective of sustainable development Currently, only renewable energy sources guarantee sustainable electricity production without any harmful effect to the planet. However, despite the efforts and advances that have been made in this area, they are still a source of energy that can only be complementary since they cannot produce the large amounts of energy that nuclear power can generate. In this sense, nuclear continues to be in force today to generate electricity. Not surprisingly, despite the difficulty of managing radioactive waste and the problems associated with the emission of radionuclides, nuclear energy remains a reliable way to generate electricity, and also without generating greenhouse gases. Where to find the cheapest electricity? The production of electricity through a nuclear power plant is one of the ways to get electricity cheaper. In fact, most of the energy consumed in Spain comes from nuclear power plants. However, customers cannot choose where the energy they actually consume at home comes from - that depends on the power grid - although what they can do is that, in case they want to support the production of renewable energy sources , hire a 100% green fee. This type of light contract guarantees that the energy purchased by your distributor comes from renewable energy sources. In any case, whether you are looking for a 100% green rate or not, the truth is that the most important thing when looking for an energy rate is that it is economical. To find out which is the cheapest light company you can use an energy comparator. One of the marketers that have a greater catalog of rates is Endesa. To contact Endesa, just contact them through their customer service. Customers can call Endesa's customer service toll-free number or contract a rate through the client area of their website, without forgetting, of course, Endesa's customer service offices or points throughout Spain. What other advantages does nuclear energy have? Without a doubt, the main advantage of nuclear energy is that its reactors can be in constant operation; that is, it can be said that 90% of the time is generating electricity. This allows light prices to remain stable for a long time, quite the opposite that usually happens with oil, whose prices are much more volatile than those for electricity. On the other hand, another advantage of nuclear energy over other forms of energy production is that they do not need large areas to generate energy; A wind power plant, for example, needs more space, for example, to put all the windmills. In spite of everything, the truth is that in Spain the nuclear power plants are gradually closing. For the moment everything indicates that the main source of energy will remain for a while but the future of the planet is probably green. What Is A Chemical Element? What is a chemical element? A chemical element is a collection of atoms with the same charge of atomic nuclei. The atomic nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. March 31, 2020 Energy Conservation Law Energy Conservation Law The conservation law states that, although energy can be transformed and converted from one form to another, the total amount of it in an isolated system does not change over time. February 10, 2020 Molecule definition What types of molecule exist. Formation of macromolecules. Characteristics and existing molecular models. February 9, 2020 What Is Thermodynamics? Thermodynamics is the branch of classical physics that studies thermodynamic transformations induced by heat and work in a system. March 31, 2020 How Was Radioactivity Discovered? How was the discovery of radioactivity? Radioactivity was discovered by Becquerel almost occasionally when conducting research on fluorescence. Becquerel discovered that uranium spontaneously emitted mysterious radiation. January 28, 2020 How Are Nuclear Accidents Classified? How are nuclear accidents classified? Learn how nuclear accidents are classified. What types of nuclear disaster can occur and what criteria are followed to define the severity of these events. January 24, 2020 Cybersecurity In Nuclear Plants Cyber security in nuclear power plants A hypothetical computer attack on a nuclear power plant could be possible, but very complicated and unlikely. The administrative and management computer systems in a nuclear power plant are physically separated from those in charge of operations. March 9, 2020 Published: December 9, 2019 Last review: December 9, 2019
Social-Emotional Skill Building Use deliberate structures and language to support the development and transfer of social-emotional skills necessary for athletic and life success. WHY: The inherent demands of sport allow for the development of important social-emotional characteristics, such as resilience, interpersonal communication and problem-solving. However, social-emotional growth must be explicitly mediated by the coach to maximize holistic development of athletes. HOW: Expert coaches employ athlete-centered tactics and behaviors to facilitate a positive climate that allows athletes to grow and safely explore connections and practice transfer between pro-social skills developed in the sport to life skills outside of sport. One way a coach cultivates the social-emotional skills and attributes they wants to see in individual athletes and in the team culture is to explicitly name them. Coaches describe the importance of essential concepts—like respect for the game, unity, accountability, selflessness—and find opportunities throughout training sessions to highlight those concepts through drills, discussion, modeling, or demonstration. The coach identifies athletes who are exhibiting those attributes during team activities, labels their behavior (i.e. - "That showed real grit when you....”), and provides positive reinforcement. The coach also explicitly discusses the ways these skills transfer to other situations in athletes’ lives and structures time for athletes to explore these connections. In some cases, coaches and athletes might work together to name and define the social-emotional skills necessary for success. Video Examples The following videos from a high school football program demonstrate both implicit and explicit approaches to developing social-emotional skills through sport. On the explicit side of the spectrum we see a post-practice meeting, where the Head Coach is talking about how and why his athletes should get involved with the school community (“Patriot Friend Program”) and recognizes athletes who have been doing that so far. The coach is encouraging the "practice" of a variety of social-emotional skills in an explicit fashion off of the football field. This practice outside of the sport context supports the explicit transfer of sports-based skills to the real world. Next, as the HC continues to prepare the team for the upcoming games, he talks about dealing with adversity, both on and off the field. As the post practice meeting continues, we also see the coach explicitly demonstrating a commitment to inclusion and a culture of mutual support and respect among team members, as evident in the motivational address to the team by one of the members. Positive Youth Development Through Sport (edited by Nicholas L. Holt, 2008 and 2016) Both of these volumes offer a collection of research articles and essays from leading academic experts on the subject of Positive Youth Development Through Sport. They offer in depths perspectives on the development of PYD as a concept and its application within youth sport. Articles examine how the context of the sport can be structured and what specific behaviours are adopted by the coaches to facilitate PYD. A closer look is also given to some of the negative outcomes of sport participation, as well as different philosophical and psychological approaches to studying PYD through physical activity. NAIA Champions of Character Program This program is a comprehensive resource for athletes, parents and coaches who are interested in the specifics of why and how character should and can be developed through participation in sports. Resources include free online training courses, videos and overviews of community programs that put development and cultivation of positive character traits (integrity, respect, responsibility, sportsmanship and servant leadership) through sports as one of their core values.
Additional Information Site Information Loading... Please wait... Why cleaning air filters helps protect heavy equipment and farm machinery Why cleaning air filters helps protect heavy equipment and farm machinery Posted on A clean air filter leads to a clean engine. A clean engine leads to heavy equipment and farm machinery that operates more efficiently and more productively. By cleaning air filters, you promote healthier and longer-lasting engines in your fleet. That’s because air filters are a primary line of defense against potentially harmful contaminants that would otherwise damage engines. That’s why it’s important to keep air filters as clean as possible. Let’s look a little closer at why cleaning heavy duty air filters is a wise choice. Air filters protect heavy equipment engines Let’s make sure we cover the basics first: how exactly air filters work to protect heavy equipment and farm machinery engines. Air filters act as an engine’s primary defense against contaminants. Those contaminants, if they were to reach the equipment’s engine block, could cause a good deal of damage to the engine, resulting in costly repairs. Much of the large equipment and machinery in use today in off-road conditions have a two-stage filter system. With this type of system, there is an inner and outer stage of the air filter. The inner stage serves as a safety element of sorts. It’s job is to protect the engine in case the first filter, larger and located on the outside of the inner element, should fail. When some part of the filter fails, contaminated air, dust particles and other harmful elements could reach the engine, disrupting the combustion process and causing problems. These problems could include damage to rings, cylinders and other vital parts of the engine. So, unless you want to risk damaging equipment, it is best to keep air filters clean and working as efficiently as possible. Clean air filters save fuel Aside from helping to prevent critical engine component breakdowns, properly working air filters will also give your machinery a boost in fuel efficiency. In general, the larger the equipment you or your crew are working with, the more fuel you could save with a clean air filter. Let’s use large combines as an example. The larger combines will use three to five more gallons of fuel per hour if the air filter is 50 to 75 percent clogged. If you are working a 12 hour day out in the field, then that equals out to 60 gallons of fuel. Assuming a gallon of fuel costs you $4, those extra gallons add up quickly to $240. By cleaning your air filter, you should see some very real results that translate directly to a fatter wallet. Over a year, you could see savings of $10,000 per vehicle in fuel economy when using Air Filter Blaster technology. We’ve tested this too, so we have the data to back up this information. Air filter cleaning will decrease engine stress Another detrimental aspect of all that dirt and dust reaching heavy equipment or farm machinery engines is the added stress the engine goes through just to operate as needed. Clean air filters will result in better engine performance, better engine life and reduced engine maintenance. Those benefits protect not only your engines, but also the business’s bottom line. A clean air filter is a green air filter On top of the financially beneficials reasons to clean air filters, there’s also environmentally conscious incentives. That’s because a clean air filter is a good environmental choice. Clean filters lead to lower engine emissions. Plus, you should be able to see reduced oil consumption and better ability to meet tough government fuel efficiency standards in your equipment. How the Filter Blaster works These benefits are at the heart of our Filter Blaster technology. Our technology self-regulates air supply that is used during cleaning to make sure the filter is not damaged. It’s simple to use, as well. Just connect the Filter Blaster shaft with the rotor head, insert the Filter Blaster into the filter, ensuring the filter element is sealed. Then, turn on the ball valve and move the device shaft up and down to clean the filter. This method of cleaning air filter is quicker, more effective and carries far less risk of causing damage to the filter than similar products or other cleaning methods. Here’s what manufacturers say Many air filter manufacturers may discourage cleaning air filters and won’t cover the warranties of cleaned filters. However, even they acknowledge that some equipment owners and maintenance supervisors trust cleaning and reusing heavy equipment air filters as a reliable way to reduce operating costs. Take Cummins Filtration, for example. After acknowledging that many professionals believe cleaning air filters does have its benefits, they provide a few good reminders about how to go about it the right way. First, heavy equipment owners and operators should do their research on any products and services they might invest in to clean their machinery’s heavy duty air filters. There is some risk of damage if they don’t do this. In addition, great care must be taken when cleaning air filters. If the filter is not cleaned in an already tidy environment, then the process could make the filter even dirtier. A visual inspection should always be done before the cleaning actually begins, too. If the filter is damaged in any way, then it should probably be replaced rather than cleaned. Finally, to avoid unnecessary damage, never hit the filter element with a tool or up against a hard surface, scrape dirt and dust from the media surface or disassemble for cleaning. Try Air Filter Blaster Hopefully by now we’ve shown you enough evidence that cleaning heavy equipment air filters can benefit the engines in your fleet. If you want to get started cleaning air filters, then there’s no better product available on the market today than the Filter Blaster. Thanks to our technology and design, you can clean air filters with the Filter Blaster without having to worry about causing damage to the filter itself. When using the Filter Blaster, the amount of pressure used is regulated and has multiple edges to ensure a snug and centered fit on any filter. We understand if you have more questions, though. That’s why we have put together a frequently asked questions page that goes into more detail on many common questions and concerns. Go ahead and contact us, too, if you would like to learn more about Filter Blaster.
Tradition And Belief Of Masbate City Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are meant to give which means to life or to clarify the origin of life or the universe. Western practices,in addition to traditional ethnic beliefs greatly influenced the Filipiono way of life.Whereas the brand new period brought in a contemporary lifesyle that was readily embraced by the individuals,quite a few customs and traditions are atill being practised as up to now.tradition and belief It retains on evolving with time and just like people change, culture changes. Find out about non secular traditions. So, allow us to take a look at the construction of a Mexican household, along with the roles of family members, and their beliefs. Equally memorable experiences include conventional Japanese theater, avant-garde artwork installations and native festivals starting from the regal to the raucous.tradition and belief Chinese language Values, Customs and Beliefs. Philippine Historical past – Quick Glimpse of Philippines Folks Culture and Affect. When a bride begins planning a marriage based on Irish customs, it is vitally true that a lot of what she does might be based mostly on trying to convey good luck to the wedding and to shun unhealthy luck on the similar time. Customs and traditions have all the time been an essential a part of each faith and culture. Some persisting traditional practices are the pamalay, pantomina and tigsikan. A belief or story or a physique of beliefs or stories relating to the previous which can be commonly accepted as historic though not verifiable.tradition and belief But some traditions could be destructive and look at other people in a judgmental or destructive approach. Historically, they had been extremely patriarchal, however with trendy influences, the picture seems to be changing for the higher. Islam is the official faith however Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity and different religions are practiced freely.
Infant Torticollis: Causes, Signs, Symptoms, And Treatment If you’re a mother and you suddenly noticed how your baby has a preference to one side when tilting his head, looking, or would prefer to breastfeed on one side only because of his head, then there is a high possibility that your baby has torticollis. What is Torticollis? It happens when tight muscles by the neck cause the baby to prefer one side and tilt his head in that direction. If the term torticollis isn’t familiar to you, then maybe the “wryneck” would ring a bell. This is common in infants and is treatable as well. If it is present since birth, then the baby may have Congenital Muscular Torticollis. Most of the time, this is what develops on infants. However, it is also possible to contract this condition after birth. It is called Acquired Torticollis and is often more severe as compared to the former. What Causes Torticollis The sternocleidomastoid or SCM is a muscle found at the side of the neck. It extends from the back of the ear up to the collarbone. With Torticollis in babies, this muscle isn’t equal in size on both sides. One side is shorter than the other. This could be due to the position of the baby in the womb as abnormal or cramped. The unusual position or breach can cause the muscle to tighten because of the pressure being exerted on the head of the baby. Another possible cause is the kind of birth delivery. If forceps or vacuum was used to deliver the baby, then, this might have also caused the SCM to tighten. Signs And Symptoms Symptoms of torticollis in infants may not be noticed immediately, considering babies are often born with it. The chances of you seeing something pertaining or related to torticollis would likely happen when the baby can move their head and neck. Here are some symptoms of the condition: 1. The head of the baby is tilted to one side while the chin is directed at the opposite direction or shoulder. Most of the time, the right side of the baby’s neck is affected. 2. The infant finds difficulty in turning his head to both sides or up and down. 3. If you touch the neck of your baby, there might be a soft lump, but don’t be too worried about it because it will go away on its own. 4. The baby is not turning his head when looking at people and not following them with his eyes. He will have to look over his shoulder. 5. Your baby is showing preference on which breast to feed. 6. The baby shows the difficulty in turning his head and eventually becomes upset because of it. 7. He might contract positional plagiocephaly wherein the head becomes flat on one side due to continually lay down on that part only. When Should I Call My Doctor? Usually, torticollis isn’t a fatal condition, but if it worries you, then set an appointment with a pediatrician for testing. There will be multiple tests done, like how many times the baby will turn his head for and X-rays and ultrasounds as well. Testing for this condition is necessary because there have been studies with evidenced reports that one in five babies with torticollis may also develop hip problems. Other than that, torticollis doesn’t trigger any other disease or condition. However, some studies showed that sometimes it is linked to mild infections, bone problems, allergies, and other genetic conditions like Down syndrome. Why Treatment Matters Prevention is better than a cure. Therefore, acting before the condition worsens will always be the best decision. If not treated early on, then, the baby might also suffer from the following: • More difficulty in controlling and moving the head • Decreased movement on the affected side and the baby is less likely to follow people with his eyes • Longer time to learn how to sit and walk • Difficulty in eating or breastfeeding • Less balance • Imbalanced or uneven crawling • Preference to one side when rolling What You Can Do At Home One of the best but cheapest ways to treat torticollis is to do neck stretching exercises on the baby. Before doing it, though, ask your doctor for a professional opinion. These exercises are guaranteed to be safe and to balance the unequal length of the SCM by both elongating and strengthening the shorter muscle. If you want to speed up the treatment, here are ways on how to do it: Use how the baby eats as a motivation. If your baby prefers one side or one breast when feeding, turn him to the other one. Use toys to grab the baby’s attention. Your baby might get attracted to toys that light up and has sounds, so use them to get him to look at both directions. Playing with the hands and feet. Infants like doing this, especially when crawling, so use this to your advantage. It can strengthen his muscles. Have some tummy time. Put your baby on your tummy for about 15 minutes, four times a day. It will help keep the head from being flat and also create stronger neck muscles. Not only that, but this can also be an excellent way to bond and play with your baby! Other Treatments Aside from the ideas mentioned above, the doctor may also suggest other treatments. Another possibility is for the doctor to recommend a physical therapist for home treatments. The condition of your baby will progress within six months if the treatments and exercises given by the doctor are correctly done. To avoid complications and to accelerate the healing of the SCM, consult the doctor right away for proper diagnosis and treatment. Though it does not happen often, there are times when surgery is needed to extend the SCM muscle and treat torticollis. However, don’t worry because this is a rare case. If it happens, then the operation can only take place if the child is a bit older. Does infant torticollis go away? Yes, infant torticollis goes away. With exercise, you may need to wait for six to 12 months. Can torticollis be treated? Yes, infant torticollis can be treated. The treatment is typically a mix of physical therapy and oral medication. Does torticollis cause development delays? Yes, infant torticollis can cause developmental delays. To be specific, it can affect their balance and cognitive skills. Does my baby have left or right torticollis? You can tell if your baby has left or right torticollis based on which side of the neck is tight. If it is left, then they have left torticollis. If it is the right, they are dealing with right torticollis. Does torticollis hurt my baby? No, torticollis does not hurt your baby. However, it can be painful for parents to see their beloved child unable to move their neck. How common is infant torticollis? Infant torticollis is found in three out of 100 babies. Still, it is easy to treat, so there is nothing to worry about. Is torticollis a neurological condition? Yes, spasmodic torticollis is a neurological condition. It affects the neck muscles and prevents the patient from moving their neck in all directions. Is torticollis a disability? Not all forms of torticollis can be considered as a disability. You may obtain Social Security for disabilities, though, if you have been diagnosed with spasmodic torticollis. How should a baby with torticollis sleep? A baby with torticollis should sleep in the same direction as the weak side of their neck. It will keep their muscles from getting forced more than they should. How do you hold a baby with torticollis? You can hold a baby with torticollis by keeping them upright. Turning their head in the opposite direction is sometimes recommended as part of stretching exercises. How is torticollis diagnosed? Doctors typically conduct neurological and physical examinations to diagnose torticollis. They may also check if the SCM muscle in the neck is palpitating because it is common in one out of three patients. Can a chiropractor help with baby torticollis? Yes, a chiropractor can help with baby torticollis. It is among the alternative treatments that an infant can safely try. How is torticollis prevented? Torticollis can be prevented by making sure that the infant’s head does not stay in a single direction 24/7. You may turn their head by yourself if they don’t want to move it. Last Updated on: Leave a Reply
3 questions to an expert What is the difference between ultra-sensitive skin and allergy prone skin? header defaut article 3questions (LP54466).jpg What happens on the skin of patients who are allergic to a product they apply? It is misleading to say a person is "allergic"; people are allergic to something specific, never to everything. When a substance causes an allergic reaction of the skin, the skin becomes very red where the allergen came into contact with it. This is accompanied by oozing and significant itching. If applications are repeated, reactions spread and the symptoms intensify. There are many different allergens (nickel, chromium, rubber, preservatives, fragrances, etc.). What happens to the skin of patients who have sensitive or reactive skin? In this case, there are very few visible signs on the skin: most of the time, patients experience tightness and burning that worsens each time a cosmetic product is applied, and these can become permanent and very uncomfortable. This is more common among women with thin, light and dry skin who are anxious and stressed. Patients say that they are "allergic to everything", but this is not an allergy, simply an excessive reaction of the skin that occurs in response to many products. What do you do then? I first explain what is happening, as it is important to understand what is going on. In the case of actual allergies, you have to find the culprit allergen and stop using it. Patch tests are often necessary to prove the allergy. For reactive skin, I recommend gentle cleansers (preference for no-rinse cleansing lotions and thermal spring water spray mists) to avoid any irritating cosmetics. I recommend products that have been specially created for sensitive skin and that are formulated with anti-irritant agents. • Pin Recommended for you See all articles
Military Spending Could Give Big Boost to Renewable Energy Posted on by By Alexis Arthur, an energy policy associate at the Institute of the Americas, a think tank on Western Hemisphere Affairs based in La Jolla, Calif. Originally published at OilPrice Last month, an estimated 1,700 NATO troops undertook a military exercise to test a range of renewable and energy efficiency technologies that will hopefully reduce NATO’s reliance on fossil fuels. With thousands of soldiers killed or injured in attacks on fuel convoys across conflict zones, reducing the military’s vulnerability is critical. However, it is not just military operations but also humanitarian assistance efforts that stand to gain from greater innovation in renewable deployment and efficiency in complex and dangerous situations. Delivering fuel to combat zones is both risky and expensive. Attacks on fuel convoys in places like Iraq and Afghanistan are all too common. More than 3,000 U.S. soldiers have been killed or injured in Afghanistan since September 11, 2001 due to attacks on fuel convoys. Fuel makes up around half of all goods transported by convoy. And there are few alternatives. Airdrops are one option but they are expensive and arguably wasteful. Up to seven gallons of fuel are required for every gallon delivered to a remote base and drops are not always well targeted. These challenges are shared by armed forces across the globe. But programs for energy efficiency and renewable technologies could soon change that. NATO began its Smart Energy program in 2011 to explore ways to improve the use of solar energy and storage options as well as innovations in micro grid technology to better manage energy use at base and on the move. Small scale wind and solar are the main contenders for power generation on remote bases. The U.S. Department of Defense created the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Operational Energy in 2010 to research new approaches to energy security. Programs are exploring efficient generators, advanced batteries, portable solar arrays, and improved insulation to reduce costs and fuel drops. Air conditioning alone costs billions of defense dollars per year, for example. Back on U.S. soil, all branches of the military are working towards increasing renewable deployment on bases, moving closer to the Department of Defense’s goal of having 25 percent of its energy needs met by renewable resources by 2025. These same projects have much to offer military and civilian workers operating in humanitarian crises. Access to reliable power is essential to providing an adequate humanitarian response – in particular medical assistance – and also for rebuilding affected communities. The benefits of access to fuel for cooking, lighting, heating, and power have been well documented. As in a combat zone, diesel-powered generators and gasoline are expensive and access to the grid unreliable or non-existent. Beyond the household, communities that are remote or have been cut off by a disaster can benefit from a wide array of renewable-powered projects, such as solar-powered water pumps. Moreover, safe access to power can provide a semblance of normalcy for people in an otherwise difficult and even hostile environment. Innovative solutions coming out of the military can be adapted to a civilian context. The critical element is the need for the system to be self-contained, easy to set up and operate, portable, and sustainable. Portable water and power solutions developed for a Navy SEAL team on the move, for example, could be applicable to a remote community cut off by a natural catastrophe or refugee camp cut off by conflict. Of course, humanitarian organizations are developing many of their own solutions but more cross-pollination should be welcomed. The importance of climate change as a driving factor should not be underestimated. Military commanders have recognized that climate change will bring about more challenging conditions, conflicts, and humanitarian crises. While the military and humanitarian sectors do not always mix, there is no shortage of opportunities for each side to learn from each other in this space and to both contribute to the greater deployment of renewable energy. Print Friendly, PDF & Email 1. kimyo i am not aware of any renewable fuels capable of powering humvees or helicopters, much less f35’s. looking for the military to provide a solution here is like relying on oilprice to post propaganda-free coherent content. it’s a dreamy vision, but it has no connection to reality. if the military is serious about climate change, then shut down 1/2 of the bases. the air conditioning savings alone….. Al Gore: I shouldn’t have supported corn-based ethanol Former vice president Al Gore said Monday that he regrets supporting first-generation corn-based ethanol subsidies while he was in office. 1. Yves Smith Post author Sugar cane based ethanol in Brazil is apparent not an ecological negative, but I’m told it is the only ethanol that does the trick. Whether you can use battery operated vehicles depends on their range. I’d hazard there is more than you think, particularly at bases, that could be converted to batteries, with fossil fuel use focused on combat and surveillance, and routine ops with longer and more uncertain transit ranges. 1. kimyo to make the batteries you need fossil fuels to do the mining/extraction. in the field or even at home (attached to the u.s. grid), you’d still largely be using fossil fuels to recharge the batteries. why not trim our military adventures in half? why can’t we admit that the current ‘threat’ of isis is largely the result of our failed iraq ‘strategy’, which consumed an ungodly amount of resources and emitted untold gabillions of tons of co2, not to mention scads of depleted uranium. SIGAR: We built an Afghanistan they can’t afford Why is it important that the United States and its taxpayers invest in electricity for Afghanistan? Electricity is key to a developing the economy. Electricity is key to industry. In Kandahar, in particular, because that was a hotbed of terrorist activity, we wanted to win over the hearts and minds of the people. So, we tried to develop a power strategy by rebuilding the Kajaki Dam, which was initially built by the United States in the 1950s. [But] because it was taking too long to rebuild the Kajaki Dam, we started building diesel generators. The problem with the diesel generators is that they are very expensive and not sustainable. Now, the lights are going to go off in Kandahar, because the Afghans can no longer afford to keep the generators operating and the Kajaki dam is not complete. Ice cream and dreams melt as Kandahar’s electricity falters At another diesel power plant built with U.S. funds across town, the generators are silent. Last year, USAID provided 300,000 liters of diesel fuel to one of Kandahar’s three diesel plants, according to Rasoul Balkhi, the director of power for the province. This year, he said, they’ve received nothing. “Only one bunch of fuel came in last year, nine, ten, months ago,” he said. “We burned [it], we used [it] and then stop and no more fuel.” Running that one plant at full capacity would give the people of Kandahar eight hours of electricity a day. (They currently get about four, in two two-hour blocks.) But power officials say it just doesn’t make financial sense. At the rates they charge, they can only cover 10 percent of the cost of fuel. i really don’t think the military are the go-to guys here, as far as carbon emissions are concerned. 2. Brooklin Bridge Small gains can add up quickly, especially in areas where transport, such as by air, is costly. So by the article every gallon saved for lighting or communications or other light consumption compatible with renewables can be equal to seven gallons of oil-based fuel that can be better used elsewhere. And that is just the low hanging fruit. It makes perfect sense for the military to be doing serious research and hopefully that will in turn provide gains for the industry as a whole. It should also not be counted out that the military, in its own way, is aware of gathering environmental problems and is not opposed to giving renewables a boost. 1. JTMcPhee Yeah, the Juggernaut is aware of the opportunities for increased hegemony and personal and institutional growth that “gathering environmental problems” are presenting. The hard sell, with lots of data that have been updated to increase the areas of disruption where “the military” can insert its tentacles and bayonets, comes first, in the linked DoD planning document. Read the details of how not only can “the military” grow like a tumor though the coming horrors, so can “US Industry” that will be positioned to provide Halliburton and Bechtel-quality (sic) “engineering expertise,” but financial and political advice (cue the Nuland) and just as with “the military’s” other “activities” that foster sales of “American armaments,” lots of sales of heavy earthmoving equipment and stuff like that. All to the tune of integrating the operations of all those militaries and national police forces into the “response network” of our Global Network-Centric Interoperable Battlespace, how neatly it all aligns — right? “Trends and Implications of Climate Change for National and International Security,” And there’s lots more, for the person who wants more detail even on how the climate collapse will be “managed” and “governed” and profited from, at this link of links: It’s all so rational and sensible, isn’t it? Warfighting (and losing, again, and again, even the rigged war games, though disruption seems to be the actual goal, and screw the troop losses, like 3,000 GI casualties just running convoys of fuel to “the front” that vanishes and reappears elsewhere, magically, as “the doctrine” and “the narrative” morph); spanning the entire planet with the hegemonic military net; oooh, and “greening,” so more petroleum is available for “warfighting,” which is mostly done to ensure the continued flow of petroleum to “the West…” Talk about self-licking — and as it’s said of dogs and cats, “Why do they lick themselves there? Because they CAN!” Another tumor, growing busily away in our species’ innards… 1. OpenThePodBayDoorsHAL Let’s see, we have a gargantuan military to 1). protect the borders from invasion, got that pretty well covered, and 2). to secure access to the shaky energy supply chain. So what’s the punchline: if the military no longer needs access to shaky energy supplies, does that mean they could go back to the sole mission of protecting the borders? Um, a force 1/20th the current size could do that and still have plenty left over. I’m for it! 3. rusti I’d be interested to see a breakdown of total energy usage to make some more informed guesses regarding how much there is to gain on this, but some quick searching online didn’t yield very much. Battery electric vehicles on bases seem like a clear win because it’s a relatively confined area where charging infrastructure can be built out so they don’t need absurdly large battery packs to achieve longer ranges, but heavy transport over long distances without pre-existing infrastructure (as in whatever new country we invade) is near-impossible for anything battery driven. Fuel cells ought to be promising if efficiencies can be brought up significantly, but that appears to be a long way away technologically. If the American taxpayer can’t be convinced to fund this research through wasteful public spending like Universities, maybe they’ll have fewer objections to doing it under the DoD umbrella. 1. rusti Maybe I’m missing something obvious here, but why would that be an important threshold for battery manufacturing to reach other than as a symbolic value? 1. jsn For energy supplied from a battery to reduce carbon emissions, the battery must store more energy in its life than was spent on its manufacture. Except in isolated cases the supply chain and manufacturing process for batteries is powered with fossil fuels. So, only after it has stored an equal amount of energy to that required for its existence, energy produced from renewable sources, can it begin to reduce overall carbon emissions. 1. rusti But there’s no reason the entirety of the supply chain needs to be powered with fossil fuels, even if it is predominately that way now, right? It’s fine to have a net loss if you’re addressing the “duck curve” by doing so. The site you linked is interesting, but I find it odd that there’s no mention of the complementary nature of solar and wind or demand response. 2. pat b most claims of this sort are sort of BS. we have very little info to properly evaluate energy investment. i say it’s better to use financial tools because we have good solid accounts and price does have a correlation to energy. 1. PlutoniumKun One area where battery technology is winning out is in submarines. Diesel electric subs are gradually becoming preferred over nuclear because they are stealthier (they don’t require cooling) and are now efficient enough to provide several days of cruising. I very much doubt battery powered tanks or other armoured vehicles will every match fossil fuel ones, but diesel electric hybrids are something of a no-brainer for many military uses now. They are far more fuel efficient and provide an element of stealthiness (very quiet). 2. C Unquestionably this will require changes in vehicles over time but that is a purpetual problem. Systems like the M1A1 were considered fuel inefficient when they were first bought and as bad as up-armoured hummers are they are better than that. But of you start by supplying your energy needs for command and control, communications, and basic heat and light with solar and wind then you can reduce the need for fuel drops and conserve those resources for the more expensive vehicles. At the same time you can make fuel efficiency or battery alternatives a requirement for next generation systems. Every little bit helps. 3. Paul Tioxon The above reports on US Marines at Camp Lejune trying out solar powered mobile equipment, including electric all terrain vehicles. See below for mix biofuel diesel blends that power humvees etc. “One of the five energy goals is to demonstrate and then deploy a “Great Green Fleet,” which will include ships and aircraft using alternative sources of energy, including nuclear power, and utilizing multiple energy conservation measures as part of their regular, scheduled deployments throughout calendar year 2016. The Great Green Fleet is named in honor of President Theodore Roosevelt’s Great White Fleet, which helped usher in America as a global power on the world stage at the beginning of the 20th Century. The Great Green Fleet ushers in the new normal, where our Navy values energy as a strategic resource, maximizing energy efficiencies and cultivating multiple sources of alternative energy.” “Advanced Biofuel Blends The ships and aircraft in the Great Green Fleet demonstration were powered by alternative fuel, either nuclear or advanced biofuel blends. The biofuel blends were 50-50 mixtures of biofuel (made from used cooking oil and algae) and petroleum-based marine diesel or aviation fuel. Approximately 450,000 gallons of 100% “neat” biofuel were purchased in 2011 in preparation for the Great Green Fleet demonstration. Navy surface ships were powered using 350,000 gallons of hydroprocessed renewable diesel (HRD-76) blended with an equal amount of marine diesel (F-76). Navy aircraft burned 100,000 gallons of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel (HRJ-5) blended with aviation fuel (JP-5). Investments in an alternative to foreign sources of fuel will help the Navy and the nation become less dependent on foreign oil, and less subject to volatility in oil prices that can directly affect our readiness.” Above excerpted from Green Fleet maneuvers by the US Navy. Yes, your french fry consumption is powering F-22s etc. It is important to also report the republicans, who receive 90% of all of the political contributions from Big Oil, Gas and the energy sector in general, have been getting the vast majority of their money for decades, sent their hatchet men in Congress to attack the Navy for going hippie doodle dah day with all of this Green talk nonsense!!! Of course, it cost too much!! Why pay for biofuels when oil is cheaper? Well, dopes in Congress, we will not be able to expect it to be cheaper for the next 10 or 20 years, if we can even get our hands on enough to fuel our navy, air force and army. And if there is a real military threat, getting oil from over there to over here may be impossible. Hence, the start up costs of going renewable are going to be more than the well established century old oil sector, which of course we know is subsidized by the operation of the very Navy protection of its world wide transport in oil tankers, from deep sea drilling platforms, that it is complaining about spending too much money. Like the de-criminalization of pot, freeing the cops from bullshit drug busts, the move to non crude oil based fuels will make oil less strategically important to our vital national interests. And we can focus on more important missions for the US Navy, like finding new tropical islands to open up bases with great golf courses for the brass. 1. craazyboy I like French fries, but not that much. I think we need a new thought paradigm. Conservation. Stop moving a bazillion tons of equipment around the world. 1. lord koos It’s pretty hard to imagine the military “going green”. As well as being one of the biggest fossil fuel users, the US military is one of the biggest polluters on the planet, and that’s not adding in the considerable environmental damage caused by the wars. I read somewhere that by the time gasoline gets into Afghanistan, the final cost is about $400 per gallon. Since they get all the money they want, it’s kind of a “what, me worry?” mentality. 1. Paul Tioxon Fortunately for those of us who don’t try to imagine an alternative but instead try them out and build them, the US military is charging hard into solar energy. Of course, this is under the cover of Obama’s administration not ordering them to stand down and tear down whatever it is that they have done on the soft energy path. Unlike Reagan upon entering the WH, and tearing down the roof top solar hot water heater and blessing Detroit to make the big gas guzzlers we have come to know and love, the gigantic SUVs. Could try to flood this site with example in attempts to educate the skeptical, but you know how to use google, if you really wanted to know, you could easily do so. But, one more example: The U.S. military has installed more than 130 MW of solar in 31 states across the country. 1. craazyboy Solar on US bases saves electricity from US power plants, not oil. The above link I posted put the entire percentage of btu use of electricity by the military at 12.3% of the total. The 130MW is a tiny amount, and that is the nameplate rating at peak sunshine, no less. The real way to make the military turn green is to make them stay home more. 1. Paul Tioxon Solar electric is killing coal fired plants, stop being an Oilbot, and pretending that change is not underway. The facts speak for themselves. Wind power, hydro power, geo-thermal power and Net Zero architecture are part of the array of sustainable, green power. Deal with it. The military is contributing to solar energy whether you like the military or not. The day will come when there will be little reason for them to go anywhere for oil,gas or coal. All contributions however small are welcome and bolster the case for the heliocentric powered economy. The relationship of the military to Big Oil is changing, it is a strategic matter of policy to begin the transition now. Maybe we will fight over sunshine in the future, ya never know, but I know we won’t be fighting over oil because no one will want it anymore. Fossil fuels are over, it is a matter of time before they are not used in any meaningful amount. 1. ambrit My problem with your point is the length of time, and the perceived benefits, this will entail. Replacing an older infrastructure is not just showing that something can be done. It must also be forcefully shown to produce a superior outcome for the power centres. Otherwise, inertia will rule the day. Then, only pure disaster can shift the paradigm. A point Frank Herbert made in “The Dragon in the Sea” was that oil is still the optimal source of lubricants. That, as long as we use a technology utilizing moving parts, will keep petroleum going as a viable business. 1. different clue What percent of oil use goes to lubrication? The smaller a percent it is, the smaller an oil industry we will need if lubrication is the only thing left for oil to do. 4. ewmayer Between that huge flip-flop, the notorious utility bills of his mansion in Tennessee, and his support for climate-change-hyped Wall-Street scam-vehicles in the form of tradable carbon credits [as detailed a few years back by Rolling Stone’s Matt Taibbi, among others], this man has 0 credibility remaining in this arena. Just STFU and go back to fellating your Wall Street masters full-time, Al Gore. 2. Steve H. ” … the greater deployment of renewable energy.” It’s not a deployment. It’s just a ploy. Military history is defined by ‘more power’ and never by ‘more efficiency.’ Looking for a single case where a war, or even a battle, was won by more efficiency. 1. Steve H. My comment can be mudded up by reference to logistic chains. Let me be clearer. History shows that the release of greater amounts of energy in a shorter time, in a more defined space, is the leverage that wins battles. This holds from a rock to a nuke. ‘Renewable energy’ might seem to hold true for a solar-powered laptop or batteries. They are useful at the end of a logistic chain, for example the mountains or desert. But the total energy resources burned through to provide the ‘renewable’ item on-site vastly outweighs any ‘green’ aspects inherent. His line of reasoning is equivalent to ‘get IED’s to blow off legs so we can advance knowledge of prosthetics.’ I find it reprehensible. 1. jefemt Reprehensible, PLUS, you get to pay for it, and all the unfunded liabilities of the VA and that entire ‘welfare’ class. Words in the breeze or not, the Pope is on to something in his questioning endless War and modern ‘finance’. On the energy front, it’s interesting to see one of the hot young minds, Amory Lovins (Soft Energy Paths) has somewhat disappeared… apparently doing much of his work for the last decade for the- you guessed it… War Department. 1. Brooklin Bridge Couldn’t agree more that endless wars are the major problem with the military (and our government) right now and should come first. But the military(s) will continue to exist regardless of how they are used and they will also continue to be primary technology drivers. 1. different clue Did the military ask for the endless wars? Or is it the civilian leadership that asked for the wars? Who lied about Iraq, for example? The service chiefs or the cheney lords? 2. Steve H. Someone I have deep respect for, who went head-to-head with the US Army Corp of Engineers over dredging up toxic waste in the Calumet River, is now (last I heard) doing risk assessments of cell phone shutdowns on a military grant. This comes from not having tenure and the push from the university for grant money. The university instantly takes half the grant for operating expenses. It’s no longer ‘publish or perish.’ Grants for environmental research have atrophied, and that trend really took off under Bill Clinton. Lawsuit payouts under environmental regulations are ineffective, as corporate lawyers are experts in extending litigation for decades. So now it’s either take the war money or lose the lab. Doctoral students did not like it when ecologist David Ehrenfeld advised them to learn plumbing or auto mechanics to support their research, but he had a pretty accurate overview of the system. 2. tim s Really? If power is the be all end all, then the US should have won every war they engaged in since WW2. The military is not interested in advancing renewable energy in any way other than to provide them with greater flexibility given the precariousness of our fossil fuel arrangements. Any advantage that they can get from renewables will be welcomed by them, and I doubt that they think that the complete replacement of fossil fuels is realistic. As far as efficiency, it is in focus everywhere, but I doubt that you will find much written specifically about efficiency. Efficiency will show up in how long a flight an aircraft can make and how much payload can be carried given a certain amount of fuel, how much energy can be stored for release in a certain size weapon, how much nutrition can be packed into a soldiers meal, etc, etc ad nauseum. 1. Steve H. Mea culpa to your first point, I should have restricted my comments to battles and not wars. The U.S. reigns supreme in winning battles. Not wars. Let me go a bit deeper, as I don’t strongly disagree with anything you wrote in your comment. I responded to the handwaving about renewables by talking about efficiency. I was distracted by the automatic correlation between renewables and green/environmental marketing. In truth what disgusts me about what the author is doing is that his conclusion talks about global warming. He gets there by switching (about the 2/3 point) to marketing the military as a humanitarian organization. It is not a humanitarian organization. It’s primary skill set is killing people. That same tactic was used by Supreme Court judges recently. Dissenters to the Marraige ruling managed to focus the conversation on a narrow portion of the disagreement, concerning contract law. This led to supporters of the ruling being distracted about who the ruling mainly affected as they discussed the dissent, which was written by those seeking obfuscation to their own ends. It is an effective tactic. It stirs the emotions, which reduce frontal lobe effectiveness. It is best countered by honest conversation and a focus on where people agree. So, thanks for your comment. 3. pat b The Battle of the Bulge, where the Germans ran out of diesel, while the Americans were still fighting. 3. HotFlash It is true, historically, that many technological advances have been invented and/or developed for military use and subsequently went on to enrich civilian life, everything from radar to jet engines to computers to the Internet and, of course, Spam. Largely due to lavish applications of government money for R&D without penalty for failure. On the other hand, one of the major causes for wars is resource appropriation and control, with petroleum and access thereto being the prime target these days. So, one wonders how assiduously the military will work itself out of a job. Couldn’t the government just, you know, lavishly spend the money on green R&D and just go directly to enriching civilian life? 1. ambrit The underlying rationale for “lavishly spend[ing] the money on green R&D” is the same as in any war related endeavour, a sense of crisis. I quoted Jerry Pournelle yesterday in a comment; “No one ever went over the top crying, ‘A higher Standard of Living!'” The original works done that later produced civilian benefits were first and foremost engaged in for military purposes. This is even more so now that so much of our basic R&D is funded by the military directly, and indirectly. (HAARP was not funded by the Department of Agriculture!) That the military is pursuing serious research into GreenTech is a signal that the underlying situation is already entering a period of crisis. There’s our Good News Bad News for today. 4. MartyH Nice “War is Good For You” piece. Assuming the benefits are real and as clear as painted, the government can do this without annoying Big Energy .. because it can … but it won’t eliminate any of the barriers erected by Big Energy in the non-Military sector where the benefits would be to actual citizens (and businesses small and huge). That would be a breach of the covenant with the Funders, I guess. 5. Felix The military is a top down operation. Orders flow downhill. They were the first to really integrate blacks based on orders. If the policy makers deem solar or energy saving to be significant it will be imposed on the military all the way down the system from the top. Even the F-35 is ultimately a political product. 6. ltr Military spending is designed to prepare for smashing things and killing people. The idea that military spending is or could be green is an offensive fantasy. 1. rusti If they can develop and deploy technologies that have better energy/power density or supply chains preferable to fossil fuel equivalents there are obviously compelling reasons for them to pursue it. If it makes you feel better, it’s not really “Green” in the sense that it’s environmentally benign, it’s just shifting the burden away from the atmosphere. 2. FluffytheObeseCat “Green” energy is not inherently benign. It can and likely will be used for aggression just as readily as petroleum has been. 3. pat b funny, all that atomic energy, including small atomic reactors for remote bases, submarines, carriers, what was all that? 7. craazyboy A Green Military. hahaha that’s funny. Maybe they can get the M1 Main Battle Tank fuel mileage up a bit from the current half a mile per gallon??? Commercial potential for technology like that – Detroit and Japan may learn something?! Oh, yes, battery powered vehicles. We have been spending billions on battery tech already, and our best shot can store one fifth the energy density of liquid fuel. Really not a choice for 60 ton tanks and trucks. So they might do “research” to take rooftop solar panels and design them as portable units to power temporary buildings. I hope they don’t spend too much to figure out how to do that. 1. pat b being able to up the fuel consumption of a tank means you can also up the fuel efficiency of tractors, small locomotives, diesel bulldozers, one ton trucks. as for 60 ton trucks and tanks, an 18 wheeler carries 300 Gallons of fuel or about a ton. if you increase that to 5 tons of battery, it means the vehicle carries 8% less cargo, not a big deal if 30% of the operating cost goes away. 8. frosty zoom “We must progress to the stage of doing all the right things for all the right reasons instead of doing all the right things for all the wrong reasons.” ~ buckminster fuller. 9. MrColdWaterOfRealityMan The single stumbling block to our switch to clean energy is the current state of our battery technology, which ranges from bad to pathetic when you compare volumetric density to that of fossil fuels. If DoD can crack that, they will not only fuel the military, but actually prevent future wars by preventing the resource shortages that fuel war in the first place. 1. pat b Funny, you would appear to be utterly unaware of Electric cars. The Tesla P85D has a 220 Mile range and can run 0-60 in 3 seconds. It’s system efficiency, an electric motor is very efficient, and thus beats the tar out of a gas engine. 10. FluffytheObeseCat I’d love to know why the critics of this piece keep railing about large, powerful vehicles like the F-35 jet……. when the author was clearly discussing the use of on-the-ground power generation for fueling part of day-to-day operations at stationary bases. 1. craazyboy Because consumption by diesel generators is “a drop in the bucket” compared to all the vehicles. It’s like when someone tells you using 2 sheets of toilet paper will reduce global warming. Then the author mentioned “more efficient generators” as an item needing research. Generators are well over 100 year old technology – and we’ve made them as efficient as physics will allow, already. 1. frosty zoom 2 sheets times 7 billion butts times a couple times a day = a whole bunch of trees. 1. JTMcPhee My guess is that the vast majority of that 7 billion has no access to Charmin or even the generic 80-grit sandpaper from the Dollar Store… In the Philippines, we use soap and water to clean our butt after defecation. It is cleaner than just wiping the butt with rolls of toilet paper that is not available in most homes especially in the rural areas. We are taught to wash our hands thoroughly with soap and water after each visit to the toilet. Each of us is different but we are one in observing proper hygiene anywhere anytime. Another strange custom of the Exceptional Nacerima, laid out here: “Body Ritual Among the Nacerima”, 1. frosty zoom spoiled? hah! we use macho wipe here. and, of course, most humans don’t use toilet paper, thank god. but(t – haha!) they will as soon as they can. first comes the ham, then the toilet paper. but my point is valid – even small personal changes add up on a global scale. the best thing to do is make fewer humans. 2. pat b Diesel Generators may be a drop in the bucket, but, diesel trucks that haul supplies around to bases and diesel patrol vehicles that drive the wire and diesel consumed when idling a tank, start adding up. Being able to reduce one gallon burned at a FOB in korengal, probably eliminates 200 gallons of diesel burned getting it there, so, that has a pretty big lever. 11. susan the other I like it that the military can get away with green tech research. If any other institution went hat in hand to ask for green tech funding Congress would kick them out the door and down the steps. I also like the fact that the military is its own captive market, so the products will be tested and used and improved all in a day’s work. It was said a while ago that evolution was dead because there are no more isolated populations to foster mutants, but just a big population that dilutes every chance for gene change… that’s how I feel about military research. It’s sufficiently isolated that it can bring about change. And green tech is just fine with me. I hope they expand it to include ecological cleanup. 12. Pepsi This is one point where military keynesianism can help. The united states needs a ww2 command switchover to renewable everything. If our entire economy is broken because of financialization and fossil fuels, the untouchable military can punch through the agnotology around renewables. Comments are closed.
Esta sección no está disponible en el idioma seleccionado. When the Israelites were rescued by G-d from Egyptian slavery, they left in haste, leaving no time for the dough in their sacks to rise and become bread. On Passover, we commemorate the rescue and the unleavened bread that the Israelites ate when they left Egypt. We don’t eat—or even retain in our possession—any “chametz”—leavened grain or its derivatives—from midday of the day before Passover until the conclusion of the holiday. Instead of chametz, we eat flat unleavened matzah bread. What exactly is “Chametz”? All products certified OK Kosher for Passover are marked OK P.
Corona Virus: Everything you should know! I bet you have already known about the novel coronavirus. It is a virus that outbreaks from Wuhan, China. This virus could cause illness, such as a common cold to a more serious disease. To date, no vaccine could inhibit the outbreak of coronavirus. What you need to know about coronavirus This virus could be transmitted from animals to people. The symptoms of people who are infected by coronavirus are shortness of breath, fever, cough, and difficulties in breathing. The most severe condition could make the victims have pneumonia, kidney failure, and death. There are some recommendations for you to prevent the spread of the infection, such as doing hand washing, covering mouth and nose when having a sneeze. An essential thing that you have to avoid any contact with anyone who has symptoms related to respiratory diseases. Myths related to coronavirus There are some myth busters related to novel coronavirus, you should realize that not all of them are correct. First, you can still receive a package or letter from China since there are all safe. It is said that coronavirus could not stand the long distance. Second, there is no evidence saying that it is not harmless to pet an animal. However, please do not forget to wash your hand with water and soap after contacting your pet. Therefore, you could protect yourself from many bacteria coming from your pets. Third, the corona virus is not only affecting older people, it could also infect younger people. But, older people with a particular medical condition would be more vulnerable to get affected by this virus. Last but not least, as I said earlier that there was no vaccine to protect against the infection so that antibiotics or vaccines for pneumonia could not save you from the outbreak of this virus. Leave a Reply
Rashomon, Bluegrass Style: The Shooting of Felix Beauchamp by Matthew C. Hulbert On July 4, 1857, gunfire interrupted an Independence Day celebration in Green County. A lead ball exploded from the barrel of a musket. A man named Robert Peace had pulled the trigger. The projectile slammed into the midsection of one Felix Beauchamp. As a result of his wound, Beauchamp died momentarily thereafter. Following a jury trial, Peace found himself convicted of voluntary manslaughter and took up involuntary residence at the state penitentiary. In 1860, petitioners asked Governor Beriah Magoffin to pardon Peace. Despite twelve pages of handwritten testimony given under oath by nineteen eyewitnesses to the death of Felix Beauchamp—no, thine eyes do not deceive, nineteen eyewitnesses—the above items are the only objective facts of the case passed down to us in the historical record. We don’t know with certainty what provoked the altercation; how much alcohol had been consumed in the lead up; what the parties involved said to each other in the seconds preceding the shooting; exactly how many shots were fired, their sequence, or from what distances. Here’s a brief summation of each witness statement: According to William M. Skaggs, he and another man named John Warf, an out-of-towner as it were, argued over the results of a ten cent card game. Peace allegedly confronted Skaggs, admonished him for quarreling with a guest, and accused Skaggs of having a rock in his pocket—apparently hinting that he would use it to assault Warf. In Skaggs’s version of events, Beauchamp then attempted to defuse the situation; but in doing so, he only angered Peace more, who challenged Beauchamp to a fight. Beauchamp refused the brawl and backed away, pulling a pistol from his coat in the process. Skaggs testified that he heard the report of a pistol, then heard Beauchamp say “don’t shoot,” and then may or may not have actually seen Peace shoot Beauchamp with a rifle. Skaggs also claimed that after Beauchamp fired the pistol, some of the other men at the gathering unsuccessfully tried to restrain Peace from shooting back. Peace then shot and killed Beauchamp. John Warf’s version of the story matched Skaggs’s up to the moment of confrontation between Skaggs and Peace. As Warf told it, Beauchamp came to break up the argument and “caught hold of Peace around the body with both hands,” at which point “Peace slung Beauchamp loose from him.” Warf heard Beauchamp say “don’t shoot” or “something like it”—but never heard Peace challenge Beauchamp to fisticuffs. Dr. Terrill agreed with the first two statements (Skaggs and Warf) that an argument between Skaggs and Warf led to a confrontation between Peace and Skaggs, which led to the fighting of Peace and Beauchamp. But in Terrill’s testimony, he “saw Peace punch at Beauchamp with his gun before either shot” but “would not State that the gun touched Beauchamp.” William J. Graham agreed with the account of Dr. Terrill up to Peace trying to punch Beauchamp. Then, Graham contended, Peace said to Beauchamp: “you have a pistol in your pocket.” At that moment, Beauchamp’s hand was in his pocket. Graham saw Wesley Thompson and Mitchell Warren try to stop Beauchamp from shooting. Mitchell Warren agreed with most of Graham’s testimony, but “did not see Wesley Thompson attempt to take hold of the gun.” Pascal Warren told much the same story; he did see Peace sling Beauchamp and added that Beauchamp, at some point in the argument before the shooting, said “Bob you are wrong.” According to William P. Warren, Peace aimed his rifle at Beauchamp, who replied with “don’t shoot me.” That prompted Peace to say “put up your darn little pistol then.” Beauchamp then jumped to the side of Peace’s muzzle and fired his pistol at very close range. Joseph Warren testified that “a lady came down to where Beauchamp was lying after he was shot, and asked Peace what he killed him for, and Peace said. Darn him, he came up to me, and drew his pistol right in my face at first and afterwards fired at me—and Beauchamp said, do you hear him telling a lie.” James and Calvin Skaggs both said they saw Beauchamp draw a pistol following his initial argument with Peace, but did not narrate the murder itself. James Skaggs testified that Peace did not punch at Beauchamp before or after the shooting. William Peace Sr. alleged that Beauchamp drew his pistol on Peace, which prompted Peace to aim his rifle at Beauchamp. When Mitchell Warren tried to stop Peace, Beauchamp took the opportunity to fire first but missed. “Peace then fired immediately, the shots in quick succession, in about such quick succession, as a man fireing a double shot gun.” Jacob Peace told a similar—if vaguer—story, but concluded that “this was all I saw, or heard, there were many others much closer than I was, and had a much better opportunity of seeing and hearing than I did—“ Burks Davis also described the argument and shooting in similar detail—but rather than Beauchamp being slung or Mitchell Warren being pushed away, it was Wesley Elkins that Peace “threw from him.” John Warren’s testimony mirrored that of William P. Warren—but notes that “other things were said during the fracas, but witness [John Warren] don’t remember them.” Renditions given by Josiah and Otawa Skaggs each essentially matched that of William Peace Sr. William Peace Jr. and Joseph Peace both testified that Beauchamp drew his pistol first after Robert Peace said, “let me alone, I am not pestering you” to Beauchamp. James Akin did not see the fight, but heard it from the stable. He was the only witness to state that “he had heard two other shots that evening, an hour or two before, but they were not in as quick succession.” So what new can we glean from all of this eyewitness testimony? Unfortunately, the answer is just the realization that we know even less about what happened now than before. Beauchamp may or may not have grabbed Peace before the shooting, and Peace may or may not have slung Beauchamp to the ground. Beauchamp may have approached Peace in a friendly manner or he may have grabbed Peace from behind with a revolver already in his hand. Peace may have challenged Beauchamp to a fight or he may or may not have simply attacked Beauchamp before any of the shooting started. Beauchamp may or may not have tried to shoot Peace while other men were intervening on his behalf. Each man may have told the other not to shoot. Peace might have told Beauchamp to raise his “darn little pistol” or alternatively said “let me alone, I am not pestering you.” Peace may have been holding his rifle in three or four different ways; and, it may have been Mitchell Warren or Wesley Thompson or both or neither that tried to wrestle guns away from Beauchamp and Peace at different times. The slug fired from Peace’s rifle may have killed Beauchamp on the spot—or Beauchamp may have lived long enough to tell an unnamed female witness that Peace was lying about the incident. Furthermore, Peace did and did not attempt to strike Beauchamp’s corpse with the rifle post-shooting, depending on which accounts we believe. It probably shouldn’t surprise us that so many different men recounted an incident that probably all happened within the span of two or three minutes so variously—especially with alcohol undoubtedly involved. After all, this isn’t an unprecedented phenomenon when numerous people witness the same traumatic event. Despite him being on a stage directly in front of them, an entire audience of Washington theatergoers had trouble deciding what exactly John Wilkes Booth screamed after gunning down Abraham Lincoln. And throngs of witnesses failed to agree on how many shots were fired during the Kennedy assassination—as well as whether a second shooter had been perched on the now-notorious grassy knoll. Even in large gatherings where heinous crimes aren’t committed, such as the Gettysburg Address, witnesses frequently walk away having heard different things. At first glance, what does seem surprising about this case is that in a society so prone to let men who killed other men with firearms walk on claims of “he fired first,” temporary insanity, alcoholism, or jealousy, a jury decided to ignore Robert Peace’s self-defense argument when one of the very few—if not the only—point agreed upon by all of the eye witnesses was that Felix Beauchamp drew and shot first. Even though some of the witnesses portray Peace in worse light than others, collectively, the testimony is inconclusive at best and seems hardly solid enough to justify a conviction. So how did Robert Peace end up in prison? The shortest explanation is that Peace fell victim to the logistics of local court in the nineteenth century. The slightly longer one is that we should always remember the historical record (read: the statements of all nineteen witnesses) appears very differently—that is, complete and linear—to contemporary scholars than it did to a jury in real-time. And the much longer answer is that while many of the aforementioned witnesses apparently gave sworn testimony on paper in the form of affidavits, they “failed to obey the summons of the court” and did not appear in person. The judge overseeing the trial refused Peace a continuance that would’ve given these witnesses additional time to show up. Moreover, Peace’s lead attorney, Aaron Harding, “was suddenly called away by the extreme sickness of his wife and the death of a child.” In other words, Robert Peace learned the hard way that all the eye witnesses in the world make for a fantastic document in the CWG-K database, but are worthless if they don’t come to court. Matthew C. Hulbert is an Assistant Editor of the Civil War Governors of Kentucky Digital Documentary Edition.
Welcome to Dermadee Skin Care Centre Acne Problems Acne Problems What is Acne? Acne is a common chronic skin disease which occurs when your hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. This can cause whiteheads, blackheads and inflammatory lesions to appear on the skin. The most affected areas are usually the face, the upper chest area, shoulders and the back. There are many types of acne but the most common type is called acne vulgaris.Acne vulgaris includes the following- .Non-inflammatory acne (whiteheads and blackheads) appear when the openings of the hair follicles becomes clogged with secretions, dead skin cells and sometimes bacteria. .Inflammatory acne which can be raised bumps (pimples), red tender bumps with pus.Sometimes there are large painful bumps beneath the skin’s surface(nodules)with pus-filled lumps(cysts).These can cause scars. These can be further graded into stage I-IV. before after Acne Problems (Slide the arrows to reveal the full picture) What triggers Acne? Changes in hormonal levels-stimulates oil glands to produce more sebum which then block pores. This happens at times of major hormonal changes such as during the menstrual cycle or during the teen years. Who gets Acne? Any age group can get acne but it is most common around ages of 12-25 year olds. In people older than 25 years of age more women are affected than men. How is it treated? The most appropriate treatment of acne vulgaris is based on the grade and severity of the acne. The treatment can be divided into pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy. • Retinoid-like agents • Antibiotics (To be used with benzoyl peroxide or topical retinoid) • Selective aldosterone antagonists • Estrogen/progestin combination oral contraceptive pills • Acne products (combination of the above) • Diet therapy (low-glycemic diet and avoidance of “junk foods”) • Superficial peels • Phototherapy (red or blue light) At Dermadee we combine acne treatments to get the best results. Despite the severity of acne, we should appreciate that acne is so much more than a physical condition. Acne can be incredibly distressing. It has a psychological and social impact especially on teenagers. Sometimes they feel anxious and depressed, self-conscious and lonely.
Henry and the fox When Henry visited his grandparent’s house he loved to collect the eggs that the chickens had laid. So when he got out of mum’s car and had given Baba and John a hug he raced up the garden, across the lawn, past the lime tree, past the pond, and onto the path by the chicken run. In the middle of the path was a fox! He was a large fox, some people would say that he was handsome; but Henry knew that foxes kill chickens Henry stopped. The fox growled at him. It was a big fox. If the fox had jumped up and put his paws on Henry’s shoulders he would have been taller than Henry. Henry wanted to turn round and run as fast as he could, down the garden,past the pond, past the lime tree and across the lawn and into Baba and John’s house slamming the door behind him. But he knew that if he did the fox might jump into the chicken run and ... - he didn’t want to think what might happen then. So although he was trembling and although he wanted to cry he puffed up his chest, waved his arms and shouted as loudly as he could ‘“Go away!”. The fox did not move. Henry really, really, wanted to cry. But then he did a very brave thing. He took a step forward toward the fox still shouting “Go Away” and waving his arms. The fox turned round and disappeared through a hole in the hedge. Henry was so happy even though his legs felt that they were going to fold up underneath him. He turned to run back past the pond, past the lime tree across the lawn and into Baba and John’s house. But then he stopped. “What about the chickens, are they OK?” he thought. He opened the gate and went into the run. There should be nine chickens, five white and four grey. He counted the white chickens who were scratching in the patch just inside the gate. One, two, three, four,five he counted. There were three grey chickens perched on the branch on the other side of the run. “Only three!” .Just as he was getting really worried he heard behind him that special clucking that chickens make when they have laid an egg and he turned round to see the fourth grey hen coming out of the nestbox. He was so happy that he almost forgot to collect the eggs Lucky he remembered, because for the very first time every chicken had laid an egg. “Nine eggs” he shouted as he ran past the pond, past the lime tree and across the lawn. Next Story
Learning music or another language leads to more efficient brains Related News Research has shown that people are generally poor at predicting how likely they are to remember something. Following earlier research suggesting mood affects attention, a new study tries to pin down exactly what it’s affecting. A study involving 125 younger (average age 19) and older (average age 69) adults has revealed that while younger adults showed better explicit learning, older adults were better at implicit learning. Implicit memory is our unconscious memory, which influences behavior without our awareness. Readers of my books and articles will know that In the first of three experiments, 132 students were found to gesture more often when they had difficulties solving mental rotation problems. We’ve all experienced the fading of our ability to concentrate when we’ve been focused on a task for too long. The dominant theory of why this should be so has been around for half a century, and describes attention as a limited resource that gets ‘used up’. It’s well known that being too anxious about an exam can make you perform worse, and studies indicate that part of the reason for this is that your limited
Tagged: standards Toggle Comment Threads \| Keyboard Shortcuts • feedwordpress 08:01:47 on 2018/10/19 Permalink Tags: , , , , , precision, , standards, “Technology is making gestures precise and brutal, and with them men”… Scientists and engineers recognize an elusive but profound difference between precision and accuracy. The two qualities often go hand in hand, of course, but precision involves an ideal of meticulousness and consistency, while accuracy implies real-world truth. When a sharpshooter fires at a target, if the bullets strike close together—clustered, rather than spread out—that is precise shooting. But the shots are only accurate if they hit the bull’s eye. A clock is precise when it marks the seconds exactly and unvaryingly but may still be inaccurate if it shows the wrong time. Perversely, we sometimes value precision at the expense of accuracy… What makes precision a feature of the modern world is the transition from craftsmanship to mass production. The genius of machine tools—as opposed to mere machines—lies in their repeatability. Artisans of shoes or tables or even clocks can make things exquisite and precise, “but their precision was very much for the few… It was only when precision was created for the many that precision as a concept began to have the profound impact on society as a whole that it does today.” That was John Wilkinson’s achievement in 1776: “the first construction possessed of a degree of real and reproducible mechanical precision—precision that was measurable, recordable, repeatable.”… Replication and standardization are so hard-wired into our world that we forget how the unstandardized world functioned. A Massachusetts inventor named Thomas Blanchard in 1817 created a lathe that made wooden lasts for shoes. Cobblers still made the shoes, but now the sizes could be systematized. “Prior to that,… shoes were offered up in barrels, at random. A customer shuffled through the barrel until finding a shoe that fit, more or less comfortably.”… James Gleick reviews– and responds to– Simon Winchester‘s The Perfectionists: How Precision Engineers Created the Modern World: “Masters of Tolerance.” [Image above: precision engineering research at the National Institute for Standards and Technology] Theodor Adorno As we contemplate craft, we might send insightful birthday greetings to Lewis Mumford; he was born on this date in 1895. A historian, sociologist, philosopher of technology, and cultural critic, Mumford is probably best remembered for his writings on cities, perhaps especially for his award-winning book The City in History. (See also The City— the extraordinary film that Mumford made with Ralph Steiner and Wiilard Van Dyne, from an outline by the renowned documentarian Pare Lorentz, with a score by Aaron Copland.) Mumford’s approaches to technology, its history, and its roles in society were acknowledged influences on writers like Jacques Ellul, Witold Rybczynski, Amory Lovins, E. F. Schumacher, Herbert Marcuse, Thomas Merton, and Marshall McLuhan. In a similar way, he was an inspiration for the organicist and environmentalist movements of today. Unfortunately, once an economy is geared to expansion, the means rapidly turn into an end and “the going becomes the goal.” Even more unfortunately, the industries that are favored by such expansion must, to maintain their output, be devoted to goods that are readily consumable either by their nature, or because they are so shoddily fabricated that they must soon be replaced. By fashion and build-in obsolescence the economies of machine production, instead of producing leisure and durable wealth, are duly cancelled out by the mandatory consumption on an even larger scale. – Lewis Mumford, The City in History • feedwordpress 08:01:34 on 2018/09/06 Permalink Tags: atomic clock, , , Louis Essen, quantum effects, , quantum physics, , standards, , “Aside from velcro, time is the most mysterious substance in the universe”… Detail from Salvador Dali’s Persistence of Memory In normal life, you open the car door before getting into the car. Operation A happens before operation B. That’s the causal order of things. But a new quantum switch weirdly enables two operations to happen simultaneously. From Science News: While this is deeply weird and amazing, it unfortunately doesn’t occur at the human scale but rather in the quantum realm where measurements are in the nanometers. Still, quantum switches do have clear applications in future communications and computation systems. Indefinite Causal Order in a Quantum Switch” (Physical Review Letters) From the ever-illuminating David Pescovitz at Boing Boing: “Weird time-jumbling quantum device defies ‘before’ and ‘after’.” Dave Barry As we check our watches, we might send timely birthday greetings to Louis Essen; he was born on this date in 1908. A physicist, he drew on his World War II work on radar to develop the first generally-accepted scientific measurement of the speed of light (one that has held up well as measurement techniques have advanced.). But Essen is probably better remembered as the father of the atomic clock: in 1955, in collaboration with Jack Parry, he developed the first practical atomic clock by integrating the caesium atomic standard with conventional quartz crystal oscillators to allow calibration of existing time-keeping. Louis Essen (right) and Jack Parry (left) standing next to the world’s first caesium-133 atomic clock compose new post next post/next comment previous post/previous comment show/hide comments go to top go to login show/hide help
Northern Italy, late sixteenth century Wrought iron SIZE: 30x34x17 cm Review by Gherardo Turchi Few craftsmen only, by joining their high skills with the passion for their work, were able to forge such an artwork, as their amazing and worthy products can show. The helmet we’re analysing is one of them as well. It’s likely to be a part of a missing armour, but unfortunately there aren’t any reliable informations about. By focusing on the iron it’s made of, we can date the helmet back to the late sixteenth century. It was realised by some craftsmen working for some Northern Italian nobles or, more likely, for some local members of the clergy which was said to be very powerful at that time. We can prove that by comparing the helmet to the similar ones belonging to some private collections or kept at some museums, such as the helmet at Bologna Medieval Civic Museum whose catalogue, realised by Lionello Giorgio Boccia and published by Bramante Editrice in 1991, shows it on page 7. However, the helmet we’re analysing has several decorative golden bronze rivets. They prove the armourer paid such an attention to its main aesthetic features. Then, as every skilled craftsman, he is unlikely to have realised such an helmet without its armour. That’s why we can suppose it was commissioned by rich people only, as someone from the aristocracy for instance. Realised in accordance to the forging main patterns at that time, the helmet is greatly preserved. For further informations, please see G. Turchi, Regina Belli, Tipografia Etrusca, 2017, p. 65. error: Il contenuto è protetto Content is protected !!
Reducing anxiety The anxiety, so common these days is a state of the mind and the body of an individual. The first description concerning anxiety would be that it is a very unpleasant state, some even say emotionally painful. Experts agree that anxiety has more than one component and they usually list the emotional, the behavioral, the somatic and the cognitive components as constitutive elements of the state of anxiety. It is usually connected with fear and concern and most experts claim that fear and concern are the actual causes of anxiety, but in some cases the opposite may be true, i.e. the anxiety can cause fear, and worry. While in certain situations it is considered to be quite normal, and even wanted, because it can be a lifesaving factor, when it becomes permanent and excessive it can even be considered as a psychological disorder, commonly called, anxiety disorder. The main question for people that face anxiety more often than it’s normal or usual is how to reduce anxiety and fortunately for them, there is more than one correct answer. Click here to checkout the Panic Away Official Site How to reduce anxiety caused by sleeping Overcoming Anxiety Many believe that the irregular sleep or sleeping problems can be the source of anxiety, and there are cases where the sleep factor is crucial. Of course, in many cases, the opposite is true, i.e. that anxiety causes sleeping problems. Sometimes it is even difficult to determine which one is the case. Still, if you are asking yourself how to reduce anxiety, and you are facing sleeping problems, it would be smart to start there and try to resolve your sleeping issues, hoping that the anxiety will be eliminated as well. For most people, resolving sleeping issues is quite simple. So, you probably got nothing to worry about, just take up a physical activity during the day, always go to bed and get up at the same particular time, don’t use caffeine products too often and you’ll be good to go. Now, if you are one of the few unfortunate that suffer from extreme anxiety this won’t be enough. In such cases, you need to totally change your sleeping habit and start sleeping in few separate chunks, for example 5 hours during the night and two during the day, or even three chunks, 4-2-1. Even that might not help, but you got nothing to lose, plus, some people that have tried it say that it actually works. Checkout Panic Away. Click HERE How to reduce anxiety? – Work, do something! If your anxiety isn’t rooted in sleeping, there are other possible answers to the question ‘how to reduce anxiety’. The first solution is to start working more, be active, take action. Even simple things like washing the dishes or watering the garden can help. Psychologists believe that by being active you start feeling more alive, so to say, and in many cases, that alone, is enough to eliminate the anxiety. Panic Away Official Site How to reduce anxiety that’s mild? – Easy, you don’t have a problem there! If you are wondering how to reduce anxiety, but anxiety is neither permanent nor extreme, but it’s just something that occurs rarely, the solution is very simple. Drink a cup of green tea, or even play a video game in the anxiety will be gone before you know it. Check out Panic Away
Flag of Sweden.svg Coat of Arms National Information Full Name The Constitutional Monarchy of Sweden National Anthem "Du gamla, du fria" Name in Towny Sweden Motto "I Oden litar vi på." /n list page 4 Capital City Nya Asgard Largest City By population: Kongsvinger By land area: Nya Asgard Oldest City Established July 12, 2019 Government Information Leader DonutFace LiterallyADonut Chancellors TheBuderMaster64 TheBuderMaster64 NordicFenris NordicFenris CrAface _CrA6914 Prime Minister Political System Constitutional Monarchy Economic System Capitalism Official Language Drapeau suède Swedish Englishflag English FI Finnish Norvège drapeau Norwegian Official Religion Atheism, Ásátru, Christianity Army Size Part of The Northern Lights Alliance Historical Information Past Leaders NordicFenris NordicFenris Past Capitals Sweden is a nation in Scandinavia that was founded on July 12, 2019. It was previously known as the Kalmar Union, but was renamed to better fit the nations territory. Sweden is located in Northern Europe, and most of the nations's territory is in real life Sweden, however, the country also has some towns in Norway. The capital, Nya Asgard, is located west of Stockholm, right around where the actual city of Linköping stands. It is by far the largest city in the country, followed by Kongsvinger and Donutville. Much of Sweden's history is shrouded in mystery due to the poor documentation of the dates of major events, however, the events themselves are still well-documented. The nation's entire history can mostly be categorized into seven periods. The Early Svealandic Age, The Late Svealandic Age, The Great Devastation, the Swedish Age, the Kalmarian age and is currently in the 2nd Swedish Age. The Early Svealandic Age The nation of Svealand was founded on May 27, 2019, by King NordicFenris, with much help from his allies. These are considered the "good ol' days" by many of the older members of the nation. These were the times when Sweden was still considered the main power in the region and NordicFenris and his comrades viewed themselves as underdogs trying to fight for the great cause of toppling Sweden and replacing the government with theirs. These were the days when the entire team was there. This team included players that haven't been seen in quite some time, such as Birbazoid, 28USMARINES, GODNAVY, Ghostboy9461, and Randompops. The only sign of trouble was when Ghostboy and GODNAVY attempted to cause trouble and to secede from the nation. This rebellion was swiftly crushed. The Late Svealandic Age The defining feature of this period is decline. It was around this time that some of the old players like Birbazoid, Ghostboy, and GODNAVY began to leave. There was also stagnation in building and overall progress. However, there was one noticeable accomplishment in the form of a shop being constructed by GoodGardener. The Great Devastation This was it. The event that nearly killed Svealand and any chance of a reformed Sverige, let alone a united Scandinavia. The first sign of trouble came with the collapse of Sweden. As Finnish troops rolled into Stockholm, Svealand was powerless to prevent the Finnish army's sacking and pillaging in Stockholm. This would lead to extremely high anti-Finnish sentiments within the country, as at the time many Finnish players celebrated by burning Swedish flags and harassing Svealandic citizens. Things would only get worse from there. As a result of the decline in player activity in Svealand, the government decided to start accepting immigrants into the country in a desperate bid to keep the country stable and to obtain new workers. At first, it seemed successful, but then disaster struck. One day, King NordicFenris would wake up to discover that his base had been totally annihilated by one of the immigrants who had come in who went by the name of _Neeven. Even though the grief was rolled back, all of the animals and items were lost. This led to NordicFenris, Blackjeuses, and several other players essentially quitting the server. The Swedish Age Just when it seemed like Svealand was dead, NordicFenris returned after about two weeks. His friends wanted to play on a server, and on a whim, NordicFenris suggested that they get on EarthMC. And with that, NordicFenris and GoodGardener would return, along with their new teammates: Sander_Boys and Sand06. The two newest members would go on to build Thortown, to the west of Nya_Asgard, and NordicFenris and GoodGardener would begin the process of healing a broken nation. Soon after rejoining, there would be a flurry of new activity in the nation, such as the building of the Great Nordic Tower, NordicFenris would even begin allowing immigrants to move to Nya_Asgard again. Soon after this, NordicFenris would approach a small Finnish town by the name of Tesoma, run by Haikka11. NordicFenris would proceed to invite Tesoma to the nation and was met with acceptance. Soon after, Haikka11 would become one of the most influential players in the nation and would go on to prove that Finno-Swedish cooperation was possible. He would also go onto to create the Trans-Scandinavian railway, one of the most impressive builds in the nation, and probably the most practical. It was a day after meeting Haikka11 that Svealand would reform into Sverige. Sverige had finally achieved its goal of being recognized by most of the international community as the legitimate government of Sweden. The latest major event past this had so far been the integration of the town of Matrand into Sverige. The Kalmarian Age On July 17, 2019, only five days after the founding of Sverige, the country would reform again, this time into the Kalmar Union. The decision to do this was made after coming to an agreement with the player Nindu123. The deal stated that in return for the town of Hardanger joining the nation, Sverige would change its name to better represent all Nordic nationalities. This age would also see Nya Asgard's population begin to grow again. The Second Golden Age In early November, after Norway became basically inactive, the nation would start another golden age. They would gain ~3-5 towns a week. They shot up from /n list 3, to /n list 1 in less than a month. On the 31st of December 2019, NordicFenris stepped down as reigning God Emperor of the Kalmar Union and named his successor JustADonutHere, in an operation codenamed "Operation Ragnarök". The message below is NordicFenris's message of his abdication to the Kalmar Union: "People of the Kalmar Union, it is time for Operation Ragnarӧk to commence. I am officially announcing that I am resigning from my position as King of the Kalmar Union and Emperor of the Greater Kalmar Union and I name JustADonutHere as my legal successor. I am not resigning as a result of any particular event on EarthMC or because of any pressure from anyone, but just because I have gotten a bit lazy with the role and I believe that it’s not beneficial to hold onto the role if it means that the nation is held back as a consequence. I am not someone who just holds titles for the status, I have never sought, nor desired any kind of notoriety or fame on this server because it is unproductive and also this is Minecraft and has no relevance to anyone outside of the server’s community. All I wanted was to create a nation and conquer and unite Scandinavia, and while I did not end up uniting the entire region, I got a whole lot closer than anyone else ever did and I believe that if the Kalmar Union is the only nation that ever will have come this close and that no other Scandinavian nation will ever be as great. If you need proof of this, just look at the collapse of Sweden, the slow decline of Greater Finland, and the total failure of “Norway” to conquer anything despite supposedly being the greatest PvP nation on the server. If the Kalmar Union has proved anything, it is that whenever a Scandinavian nation strikes out on its own, it ends in failure. Only through unity can Scandinavia succeed, and I hope that these newly forming nations haven’t been so blinded by their own greed to forget that. With all that being said, if there is still any hope for a united Scandinavia, it is vested in JustADonutHere. In selecting my successor I looked for players who, instead of asking what their country could do for them, asked what they could do for their country, and JustADountHere fits the bill. This is exemplified in the contributions he and his town have made to our nation. He has contributed troops and supplies to our battles, increased our global economic influence, and has just made an excellent military base, all without being asked or asking for anything in return. I have high hopes that Donut will continue our proud nation’s legacy and maintain as high a degree of prosperity and order in Scandinavia as possible. Donut will be given the titles King of the Kalmar Union and Emperor of the Greater Kalmar Union along with the leadership of all of my EarthMC discord servers effective immediately. I expect all of our citizens to treat him as if he were me. I will maintain ownership of Nya Asgard and I will help contribute to funding the National Bank. I will be leaving all EarthMC related discords except for a special council discord maintained by Donut. I’ve had a good seven month or so reign, but now it is time for a change. Let’s all hope for another prosperous year for the Kalmar Union and wish Donut luck as king. I Oden litar vi på (In Odin we trust). Hejdå (Goodbye) EarthMC." However, after NordicFenris's abdication and JustADonutHere's ascension to the throne of the Kalmar Union, it stirred up much-heated debate and doubts of JustADonutHere's ability to rule over the Kalmar Union. Prominent members joined in the heated discussion including Riftal and TheBuderMaster on such an unexpected abdication. However, the discussion was put to a stop by Haikka11, a senior member of the Kalmar Union. In addition, Linus voiced out his discontentment of the previous and incumbent Prime Minister, Riftal and ENLS, for not being able to fulfil whatever they had intended to set out, and taking a 'backseat' in international affairs and concerns at home. However, Linus also added that not all fault should be pinned on Riftal and ENLS as the constitution had also limited the Prime Minister role while granting the Monarch unlimited power, which then caused the God-Emperor to be more involved in international affairs and affairs at home. Linus hoped that with the ascension of the new Monarch, there would be more involvement by the Prime Minister and the hope for the eventual setting up of a Parliament (Diet). The Secession Era This era was marked by the legal secession of three nations, namely Finland, KingdomofNorway and Finnmark from the Union. It is also marked by a period of a highly controversial (national) disagreements. This period also saw the Kalmar Union falling from /n list 1 to /n list 2 in the matter of a few days. When the KingdomofNorway was created by Bene1479, the town mayor of Kristiania. Bene1479 aimed to create a homogenous Norwegian state on the server and did not intend to joining the Northern Lights Alliance nor the Greater Kalmar Union. The creation of KingdomOfNorway marked the start of the Greater Kalmar Union and the formal Secession Era. Relations between KingdomOfNorway and the Kalmar Union was not formalised until February 9th, 2020 when Bene1479 sold his nation to MR_Pinguing. It was then announced that KingdomOfNorway would join the Greater Kalmar Union as a colony. On March 23rd, the king of KingdomOfNorway scammed Finland out of 500G on a deal where Finland would buy the nation. After this, MR_Pinguing banned almost everyone from the Northern Lights Alliance discord server and deleted all the channels. The discord server was fixed soon after, and MR_Pinguing was banned. The Greater Kalmar Union released KingdomOfNorway as a colony, and the nation was removed from both the UAS and the Northern Lights Alliance. On December 31st 2019, an internal scandal began, with Noveritsch, one of the senior members of the Kalmar Union, declaring that with the birth of his new nation, he would not follow up whatever he had promised with NordicFenris as he said that his promise was now void due to NordicFenris's abdication. Accounts of those present during Noveritsch's declaration mentioned that Noveritsch went rogue and was a betrayer to the Kalmar Union. NordicFenris went online to the Kalmar Union's discord server and had stated that Noveritsch was power-hungry and was also an incompetent general with a history of much failures in operations planned by him. He proceeded to kick Noveritsch from the discord server of the Kalmar Union, confiscate his store in the Kalmar Union and kick NeoTropolis, the town ruled by Noveritsch, from the nation. Due to this unforeseen situation, Noveritsch quickly withdrew his 600G investment from the Global Gold Bank and donated it to Riftal, who created the nation of Finland on the same day. It is to be noted that bad-blood still runs between Noveritsch and some members of the Kalmar Union due to Noveritsch going rogue. A day later, the nation of Finland was created and is prided as the first nation of the decade and year of 2020. Riftal, upon receiving Noveritsch's donation of 600G, created the nation of Finland, with the capital being Jyväskylä. NeoTropolis soon joined after the creation of the nation of Finland. However, up to the 13th of January 2020, relations were unable to progress due to Noveritsch's interference and disrespect to the Kalmar Union, who was still irritated at losing his arena in Nya Asgard and his shop (which had cut his earnings). Although the issues are mostly resolved, tensions between Noveritsch and some members of the Kalmar Union still arise but is mostly minor. Relations with Finland are mostly warm as of late. Due to the tensions in Finland's relations with the Kalmar Union, Finland was not been able to join the Northern Lights Alliance at first. However, after the tensions calmed and after Finland's third application attempt to join the alliance, they were finally accepted and officially joined the alliance. The nation of Finnmark was founded on the 2nd of January 2020, located on the geographical North of Finland, Eastern of Norway, and Western of Russia was created by _firetruck_, the mayor of Inari. The creation of Finnmark marks the end of the first phase of the secession era. The nation is not a part of the Greater Kalmar Union, however, King _firetruck_ of Finnmark pushes for closer ties to the Kalmar Union and wishes for the admission of Finnmark to the Northern Lights Alliance. The foundations of relations between the nations of Finnmark and the Kalmar Union has been established, however, the extent is unknown. The Second Swedish Age After having lost countless residents over time the Kalmar Union parliament decided they had to make some drastic changes in order to keep the nation alive. A rename of the nation had been discussed but was voted out by the majority of the Kalmar Union citizens. On March 24th 2020, the one-town nation of Sweden fell, and it was quickly decided that the Kalmar Union citizens and leaders would participate in a new vote which ended in a 7-1 win in favour of the Kalmar Union changing its name into Sweden. Foreign Relations Sweden considers France to be one of its closest allies. France used to be Sweden's number one trade partner by far. Sweden respects France so greatly that they have actually built a monument dedicated to their friendship in Nya Asgard. Sweden suggested that California and Sweden create an anti-communist alliance in response to the spread of communism globally. The Anit-Communist Pact was signed on July 12, 2019, in the capital of California, just hours before the reformation of Sverige. Greater Finland The relationship between Sweden and Greater Finland is very complex. When Sverige initially formed, Greater Finland stated that it wasn't the legitimate Swedish state and that that title belonged to their colony of Ruotsi. However, Due to a statement made by a member off the Finnish government, it was believed that Greater Finland recognized Sverige and Ruotsi as somewhat legitimate states, however, this is still unclear, and Greater Finland has yet to officially comment. Greater Finland may have been influenced to recognize Sverige by the UN since it recognized Sverige as the legitimate Swedish state. As of now, the most contentious point of their relationship is Stockholm, which is still occupied by Finnish troops. Even after forming, the Kalmar Union had not withdrawn their claim on the area, but it is trying to normalize relations with Greater Finland. As a result of a Swedish diplomatic mission, King NordicFenris and diplomat Blackjeuses managed to establish diplomatic ties with the Korean state. The two nations have friendly relations. Terra Mariana After suggesting that the two countries connect their rail systems, diplomatic relations were established between the two nations. They also share a history of being mercilessly attacked by Finnish players. The two countries hoped to create one of the largest railway systems on EarthMC, and have succeeded on that mission with CTM. The German Empire During a war with Niger and Deutschland, the German Empire reached out to Sweden (Kalmar Union) for help. Although the king of the Kalmar Union sympathized, he had to decline to join the war due to it being unpopular within the nation, however, the K.U. did send aid to them. The two countries consider each other geopolitical friends and Sweden has declared that the German Empire is the only legitimate German state. The Godthab Republic To expand the links between Nordic nations, Sweden forged an alliance with the Republic of Godthab. Although away from Scandinavia, a cultural exchange project is in place. To mark the entrance of Godthab into the alliance, the ice road system was placed under the management of the CTM with local RASPUTIN54. Sweden signed a treaty with Svalbard in late November 2019, stating no discrimination of trade, fight wars together and supply help to each other. Following the construction of an ice line connecting Nya Asgard to Longyearbyen, the two nations formed a new alliance called the The Northern Lights Alliance. Former Prime Minister Riftal planned to make a nation as an autonomous state of the Greater Kalmar Union. The King under Odin JustADonutHere and Riftal were great friends, therefore the relations between the two nations are great. When the nation was made on January 1st, many Swedish (Kalmarian) citizens visited and congratulated the newly founded nation. The two nations have friendly relations. CTM headquarters Connect TM headquarters in Matrand Before CTM, Haikka, one of the first residents of Sweden constructed the Trans-Scandinavian iceroad, connecting Tesoma to Nya Asgard with a few other towns, including Dread-Fort, Kongsvinger, and Hardanger. The lines consisted of Main roads and off-roads, with the main one branching off to smaller towns in the nation. Post CTM Sweden is served by a selection of lines run, constructed and maintained by CTM. During late July, CrA6914 reached out to the mayor of Tallinn to see if they could connect Kongsvinger to Terra Mariana. Having received the news, the Minister of Infrastructure of Terra Mariana, nicosecci helped constructing and planning the now line 3, with a tunnel going under the Baltic Sea. This has resulted in an expansive integrated network going across Sweden and Terra Mariana improving the accessibility of towns in each nation from the respective capitals. Currently, CTM run 5 lines in the area, with another 3 lines under construction to further improve convenience and connectivity to remote towns, otherwise hard to get to in any other means of transport. Rapid Transit Currently, there are 2 towns in Sweden with a functional T-Bana system. These towns are: Greater Nya Asgard, and Kongsvinger. The third town to have a T-Bana in the nation was Visby. However, due to a population shortage, Visby was handed over to Terra Mariana. Currently, there are plans to construct a Rapid transit system in Karlstad to connect their 2 stations, Karlstad Johan and Karlstad Haakon Seventh. Memorable Events The Norse Faith Sverige is notable in that it is the only known country to actually have not only a temple but an actual community of followers of the Norse faith, the most notable follower being the king. There is a well in the temple where followers of the faith can make offerings to the gods. The March on Stockholm A few days after the sacking of Stockholm, NordicFenris led a group of his fellow countrymen into the city to demand its return to Swedish governance after being outraged by the multiple flag burnings. The Finnish resisted and threatened war. Within the hour, several Finns had joined the game and Sverige was forced to back down. This is considered the second greatest humiliation in Kalmarian history. The Nobel Prize Disaster On the 29th of December 2019, the highly anticipated Nobel Prize Ceremony, which was set to be hosted in Uppsala, was further delayed by internal complications of the Nobel Prize Committee. For about 30 minutes, guests of the Nobel Prize streamed into the Queen's Theatre, expecting the ceremony to begin soon. However, when Linus, the spokesperson for the Nobel Prize Committee, did not show despite the timing being set, many felt outraged and some even thought that the Nobel Prize Committee embezzled donations and funding from the public. Many took to the discord server of the Nobel Prize to voice out their unhappiness at the long and frustrating delay, with some spam-tagging Linus and other prominent Committee members. The reputation of the Nobel Prize Committee was once marred due to the case of the stolen prize (worth 604G), which many believed to be signs of embezzlement (However, further investigations by the Committee showed that the gold was stolen by Periano). Anger due to the long wait boiled over to insulting the Committee for being 'inept and incompetent', and 'being a big scam'. Approximately 35 minutes into the delay, Linus, the spokesperson of the Committee, came on to EarthMC to a frustrated crowd. Initially, Linus wanted to explain the situation to the public (which was that all the laureates were absent), but his efforts were in vain due to the public outcry of an 'inept and pathetic' version of the Nobel Prize. This failure of the public caused Linus to put the Nobel Prize Ceremony on indefinite hiatus, which caused many already at the ceremony to be irritated. While Linus was taking down the gold blocks (set for the laureates), a fault in the claims of Uppsala caused by a small unclaimed portion of the stage), was discovered. Tyce, seizing the opportunity (as Linus went into a mode of 'AFK'), set a few TNT on this unclaimed part of the stage, which killed Linus. Cubs_ and Tyce leapt onto the items in Linus's inventory, including the gold meant to be the prize for the laureates and stole them before leaving Uppsala. The estimated loss gives a number between 90G to 180G inclusive. This caused Linus to delete the Nobel Prize Server and servers related under the brand name "Warwick Equity" (Prominent ones include the SVT and the Nobel Prize Server). In addition, there was a hoax circulating that TNT was planted below every seat in the hall by Graylynn however, is proven to be false upon further inspection of the seats. Linus decided to quit the server afterwards citing toxicity of the people. Prominent people present at the ceremony includes but is not limited to Shia_chan, Cubs_ and _Alexander. Notable Architecture The Monument to Thor This monument was made to represent power and resistance, but it also serves as a bit of an offering to Thor himself. The monument was built by King NordicFenris himself. The statue has become a popular national symbol and is very popular with tourists. The Great Nordic Tower The Great Nordic Tower was mainly built by King NordicFenris, with contributions from Blackjeuses and GoodGardener. It is the tallest building in the entire nation. It is a common misconception that the Nordic rune on the front of the tower symbolizes nazism or some other kind of alt-right ideology. It is in fact just a symbol that has been around for hundreds of years that represents the country's Swedish heritage and it is only used negatively by a small group of bigots. The tower its self is six stories tall, counting the roof. Towns in Sweden Town Name Mayor Area Date Established Vattern Wan 34 25 - Feb - 2019 Nya Asgard LiterallyADonut 262 15 - May - 2019 Dread-Fort randompops 77 01 - June - 2019 Scania Shiva1234 57 03 - July - 2019 Kongsvinger CrA6914 152 14 - July - 2019 Vasteras TheBuderMaster64 54 29 - July - 2019 Shaerial City Shaerial 47 01 - September - 2019 Donutville AnAverageSam 83 02 - October - 2019 Sundsvall OLLE_SWE 32 11 - November - 2019 Karlstad OGSterling 79 16 - November - 2019 Gavle JustLucaN 49 17 - November - 2019 Kalmar Dalalius 85 05 - February - 2020 POTATO_HEAVEN Elvisthekid 12 28 - February - 2020 Arlen DrewBuddy1752 21 29 - February - 2020 Nordfold ENLS 33 09 - March - 2020 Sjstrom Timeparadex 8 20 - March - 2020 Underberg a_big_rat 17 07 - April - 2020 Lulea Numpower_ 19 08 - April - 2020 Halmstad ScareMangoo 49 15 - April - 2020 *Lake Lagoda and Nowy_Krakow not included due to inactivity. Former Towns:
Select Page Overview for the week and 5-day outlook to Wednesday 02 May 2018 Visual: Monthly mean temperatures, rainfall and rainy days for Windhoek based on 30-year data Source: World Weather Information Service published by the World Meteorological Organization, a United Nations agency. What Happened Local weather is unmistakeably in that in-between phase that marks the transition from late summer to early winter. It is characterised by high pressure control on the surface, manifesting in cooler nights, but dispelled by fairly warm to hot late afternoons. The most obvious feature is the almost complete lack of cloud. This type of see-saw weather may continue deep into May. However, as witnessed by events in the Western Cape on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, the onset of severe winter weather started early this year. Usually when this happens, the southern African interior, is subject to pervasive high pressure control and only the Namibian coastal plain and the winter rainfall zone are prone to low pressure intrusions. The two systems do not originate from the same source. Lower pressure on Namibia’s northern border comes from southern Angola. During summer, it will follow the regular trough that develops at the middle levels between 15,000 and 25,000 feet. During winter, or at the onset of winter, as higher pressures over Botswana and most of South Africa become the norm, there is a strong anti-cyclonic circulation more or less at the 850 mB level. This is close to the surface so it has a direct impact on the intrusion of air from the north. The north-western rim of this large anti-cyclonic wheel turning over southern Africa, tends to act like a massive impeller, bringing the low pressure system from south-western Angola into Namibia’s Kunene Region, and from there pushing it south along the coastal plain. How far south this system develops depends on how long the rest of the sub-continent remains subject to high pressure conditions. Winter rain, on the other hand, is the result of the severe low pressure systems following in the wake of cold fronts. These areas are usually strongest at the front’s southern extremity as seen this week when the Cape Town flooding was accompanied by strong winds and storm activity. The process is further amplified by the Western Cape’s topography. Both the frontal system and its accompanying vortex, are driven by the South Atlantic high pressure cell. Since this cell grows stronger in winter, and since it is so massive, it drives the front across the Cape Peninsula and up the mountains. This leads to strong updrafts, convection, and consequently precipitation but only in the lower levels. In the upper levels, the entire system is driven by the jetstream at the 200 mB level. This time of the year, that jetstream is zonal from west to east, and very strong. It is the reason why these systems move so rapidly as opposed to tropical systems which tend to stay longer, or travel much slower. The system that brings winter rain is separated from the northerly tropical system by about one thousand kilometres but since both systems are continuously in flux, it sometimes happens that the two link up. There is such an opportunity which may happen around Monday or Tuesday next week. When this happens, the low pressure over the northern Namibian coastal plain has the potential to form a belated mid-level trough, linking up with the frontal system over the Western Cape. These occurrences are what typically brings Namibia its last bout of late summer rain, and possibly the first winter rain to the Sperrgebiet and the areas along the Orange River Valley. What’s Coming Over the weekend, the see-saw weather dominates the entire Namibia above the escarpment. Nights in the south will be cold, and cool from Otjiwarongo further north. But the afternoons will be warm and the airflow will be from the north-east with clear skies. The low pressure system over the coastal plain growths in strength leading to a noticeable pressure differential between the interior and the low lying areas below the escarpment. This will lead to mild Oosweer over the central Namib, getting stronger further north. From Monday to Wednesday, Namibia is split into a western and an eastern half with high pressure control in the east, and low pressure in the west. This means cold nights and warm afternoons for the east, and windy conditions on the coastal plain. By Tuesday it is possible that the Namibian low pressure area may link up with the much stronger Western Cape low pressure system. If a proper trough forms, then it is quite possible that the Namibian interior may see some light rain with the bias in the south. The intention is not to create false hope. The table at the top shows that Windhoek’s mean May rainfall over 30 years did not exceed 6 mm, so history speaks against the likelihood of any good thunderstorms during May. About The Author
On screen chemistry with Jonathan Hare Onion battery charging an iphone Source: Adrianisen A recent YouTube clip claims that an iPod can be charged-up by using its charging cable, a few 100 ml of a sports energy drink and an onion. The clip has apparently attracted almost five million hits. But is it possible? The clip shows an onion being drilled in a couple of places and then left to soak for 30 minutes in a 'high energy' sports drink. An iPod charging lead is connected at one end to the iPod and the other end (which usually goes into the AC adapter/charger) is pushed into the onion. Now two metals placed in an electrolyte will produce a potential difference across them, providing the metals are different. So it's possible that pushing the plug into the soaked onion will produce a voltage if the plug and its pins are of different metals. But the potential difference won't be very much, probably less than 1 V and the current will be small, a few mA or so, depending on the surface area. An iPod requires several 100s mA charge at a few volts (ca 5 V). So unless something unusual is happening within the onion layers there won't be enough electricity to charge an iPod. Why might the authors think the onion charger would work? An iPod is basically a specialised computer with many programs that enable it to function. One program is the 'charge battery and show details on iPod screen'. When the plug is pushed into the onion, the electrolyte (a good conductor) completes a crude electrical circuit that sends a signal to the iPod. This will either wake it up from its sleep mode or, if it's already on, will trigger this charging program. I think what you see on the clip is the residual power in the iPod battery running the first steps of the charge program on the iPod screen but probably not actually getting so far as charging the battery at all. It's easy to get fooled since leaving the onion in place for an hour might well produce a higher reading on the battery level meter when you turn it back on again. But then so will leaving the iPod unused for a while. This is because when you stop draining a battery and give it a rest, it can recover a little so when you start to use it again its voltage will also have improved a bit. So while you can make electricity using the soaked onion, it won't be enough to charge an iPod. I would be delighted if you can prove me wrong though. One thing is for certain, it's a great way of ruining your iPod charging lead. Dr Jonathan Hare, The CSC Centre, Chemistry Department, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9ET This article was originally published in The Mole
The Effects of Anaphylaxis on the Body Medically reviewed by \| By Update Date 12/05/2020 Share now Anaphylaxis is the most serious complications allergies. This deadly reaction not only occurs in children but also in adults. If undiagnosed and treated promptly, it confuses not only the patients but also for doctors treating. The disease appears briefly, immediately or after a 30-minute dosing, a bee sting or after eating strange foods Anaphylaxis is a type of failure circulatory respiratory due to the release of vasoactive mediators (histamine) that are activated by the immune response. It occurs after putting on the body an allergen on an available body sensitivity to the substance. The consequence of this situation is the increasing of vascular permeability, vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction. Symptoms can start very early in seconds, minutes or hours after exposure to allergy-causing agents, and can progress rapidly. Clinical symptoms of drug-induced anaphylaxis or other causes are basically the same and occur in all organs in the body. Immune system Your immune system is to fight against antigens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It will identify harmful substances and neutralize their effects. Once the immune system is exposed to an antigen substance, it stores the information for future use. Sometimes, you come into contact with the antigen again, your immune system will react strongly and beyond control. Too much histamine and other inflammatory chemicals exploding in your body will cause serious problem. Respiratory system Inflammation in the respiratory system can cause bronchial tissues swell. Therefore, the patient had difficulty in breathing, choking, cyanosis, respiratory distress due to bronchospasm choking. Also, anaphylaxis causes vocal cord edema, edema intubation, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema. Respiratory failure is a case of life-threatening emergency requiring immediate treatment. If untreated, it can lead to cease respiration. Cardiovascular system The reactions such as varicose veins, hypotension, cardiovascular collapse usually occur as a result of the chemicals introduced into the body. Moreover, lack of oxygen in the blood, reducing the volume of circulating blood leads to melting. And decreased myocardial contractility is an higher stage of anaphylaxis. Nervous system Patients quickly get headaches, dizziness, limb tremors, convulsions and possibly systemic fainting, or unconsciousness. Anaphylaxis can cause perceptual disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Other symptoms include stuttering, hoarseness, and difficult speaking. Digestive system If anaphylaxis caused by food or medicines orally reasons, patients will get severe effects. They are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, uncontrolled diarrhea, cramps, and even gastrointestinal bleeding. Signs of anaphylaxis can be seen on the skin. The skin will get itching, rash, urticaria, Quincke edema. Swells will appear suddenly and rapidly on both the bottom and the surface of the skin and mucosa. It mainly appears on the tongue, lips, eyes, mouth, hands, feet, throat, and genitals. If the respiratory system of a person with anaphylaxis is in trouble, the skin may become pale because of the lack of oxygen. The severity of anaphylaxis depends on the sensitivity of each body. The number and speed of absorption of unwanted substance into the body and depends on the processing time of treatment. The early signs to note are itchy hands and legs, numb lips, tongue, difficulty breathing, rapid heart beat, feeling restless, and jittery. Read also: Was this article helpful for you ? happy unhappy" You might also like Trivial Skin Diseases that Could Worsen without Care While not all skin conditions need urgent treatment, one should never take their supposed trivial skin diseases lightly as they can worsen over time. Medically reviewed by Hello Doktor Medical Panel Written by Ahmad Wazir Aiman Mohd Abdul Wahab Skin Care, Beauty 20/12/2019 Update On Current Management of Psoriasis Psoriasis is chronic condition that poses physical and emotional stress on the patient. Current management of Psoriasis is discussed in this article. Medically reviewed by Panel Perubatan Hello Doktor Written by Ahmad Wazir Aiman Mohd Abdul Wahab Why Do So Many Skin Care Products Have Urea for Dry Skin? Primarily produced from the metabolism of dietary protein and other organic nitrogen compounds in the liver, urea or carbamide is excreted in the urine and sweat as a waste product. Urea is also commonly used in ... 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Chasewater. Pic: Bs0u10e01 Dog walkers are being urged to keep their animals out of the water at Chasewater after the appearance of blue-green algae. Chasewater. Pic: Bs0u10e01 The blooms have begun to appear on the lake. The common form of bacteria occurs naturally in inland waters and can cause stomach upsets in humans and more serious illnesses in pets. Sailing and water skiing activities are unaffected as the algae is only around the edge of the lake. County Councillor Gill Heath, Cabinet member for the environment at Staffordshire County Council, said: “Blue-green algae is a natural occurrence and is fairly common. “It tends to come and go by itself, and we suspect the growth is likely just a natural result of the warmer weather we’ve had. The signs are up around the site advising people to take sensible precautions. “Chasewater is not a swimming lake and people shouldn’t be diving in for a swim at any time, but it does get popular when the weather is hot like it is currently. “The algae will only cause upset if it is ingested, so we’re just advising people not to swim or let their pets swim in water where algae blooms are obviously present.” Founder of Lichfield Live and editor of the site.
Book Review (3): Green Planet How Plants Keep the Earth Alive by Stanley A. Rice Author: Stanley A. Rice Title of the Book: Green Planet How Plants Keep the Earth Alive Publisher: Rutgers University Press Pages: 314 \|\| Barnes&Noble \|\| Goodreads This is the third part of my book review of a non-fiction book Green Planet How Plants Keep the Earth Alive by Stanley A. Rice. For the Book Review 1 and 2 links are Book Review 1 and Book Review 2. This is the last part of this fabulous book that gives a different prospective about nature and compels us to think why we should take care of nature. Living in harmony with nature is what we need to understand and this book helps in doing that. In the last few chapters the author explains what needs to be done by humans. How we can impact the nature in better way?How can we save plants and the planet? Front Cover How Plants Heel the Landscape? All of the natural habitats of the earth, determined by climatic conditions and defined by the plants that both grow in and shape them, have come and gone, and shifted in location, during just the past few thousand years. Stanley A. Rice (Green Planets How Plants Keep the Earth Alive, pg: 171) Plants are a good heeler. Plants heel the habitat, they also heel the landscape. The author focuses about these things in this chapter. He is concerned about the disturbances that human activity causes to the landscape and it becomes challenging for the plants to heel the landscape. He also describes the types of disturbances the humans and nature creates. Human activities such as farming and the building of roads and towns create immense disturbance. Stanley A. Rice (Green Planets How Plants Keep the Earth Alive, pg: 174) Author explains the use of forest fire and how fire in a forest might help in landscape development as grasses are not killed and the plants that die in winter again bloom in spring. He also gives examples of Prairies of North America, Chaparrals of California, etc. The damages caused by humans are described in detail. Human disturbances are more extensive and severe. Fires, floods, storms, landslides, and other disturbances have destroyed forests not very differently from the way humans do so. Stanley A. Rice (Green Planets How Plants Keep the Earth Alive, pg: 190) How Agriculture Changed the World? In this chapter, the author gives a detailed explanation of how agriculture has changed the entire world by supporting the human economy. He starts with the history of agriculture and also gives the future future implications of agriculture. Why Plant Diversity is Important? Plank kingdom is very diverse. Variety of plants exist in the nature. The author explains the importance of plant diversity. He talks about the aspects of growing new species, hybrids through breeding by plant breeders using the concepts of biotechnology. We have different types of apples, bananas, potatoes, rice, wheat, etc to consume. We have old varieties and new varieties. He also explains the importance of old and wild varieties of plants. He explains how plant breeders and organizations that work for plants, try to preserve the rare varieties of crops while producing new crops. He also explains the advantages of polyculture over monoculture. Saving old crops can be as useful as finding new crops. Stanley A. Rice (Green Planets How Plants Keep the Earth Alive, pg: 222) Plant diversity is as much of blessing from the plant world as is the production of oxygen and food calories, the regulation of carbon dioxide, and the protection of water and soil. Stanley A. Rice (Green Planets How Plants Keep the Earth Alive, pg: 227) How Can We Help? In this chapter, the author is on solving the problem mode. What we can do to help the plants, the nature and the planet on the whole? He gives some solutions such as 1. driving fuel efficient vehicles 2. using energy efficiently at home 3. recycling our resources before discarding 4. using alternative energy sources Everything that we can do to reduce energy use and find sustainable and renewable energy sources is therefore an act of patriotism. Stanley A. Rice (Green Planets How Plants Keep the Earth Alive, pg: 245) Thus, there are several ways we can help the planet. The only thing that we lack is determination and dedication towards environmental issues. This book is an eye-opener for everyone of us. The book encourages us to do something for the plants and the green planet. Take home message from this book is “that we should take care of our environment”. With this I come to the end of my book review for this amazing book. I hope you all will like the detailed book review and it might help you all to be more respectful towards plants and nature. Thank you for stopping by and reading the post. About Dr Namrata, Ph.D. Author is a PhD in Botany (Environmental Science) with keen interest in Biotechnology and Research work. Currently, she is a full time blogger, posting her views and thoughts related to Science and Life. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
The most famous eunuchs Few people know, but eunuchs or castrati have played an important role in our world for a long time. Usually the sexual component was seized from these men at an early age, in the pre-pubertal period. Such a measure made it possible to make a successful career in the field of public administration and religious bureaucracy. It concerned such ancient civilizations as Chinese, Egyptian, Indian and Byzantine, it is worth mentioning about the Ottoman Empire. Another measure was the castration of already adult men for their sexual misdeeds. Often there were occasions when men mocked themselves at will, wanting to join the religious ecstasy of some cruel sects. Even today, castration is used by the state as a measure of punishment. So, in some countries (England, America and others) chemical castration is used. Since 1966 in the Czech Republic castrated criminals who committed atrocities on sexual grounds. True, this measure is voluntary. In the World’s history there were in the end many eunuchs who left a significant mark. Let’s talk about them in more detail. Dispute (? -69 year). According to the laws of Rome, it was forbidden to castrate people. This measure could not be applied even to slaves without rights, to which the state left the right to this “dignity.” But no one banned the acquisition of eunuchs beyond the borders of the country. However, the extravagant emperor Nero decided to place himself above any laws, castrating a young fellow named Spore (or Sporus). Such a measure allowed the ruler to then marry this castrato. The story left little information about this very castrato – he was young and liked very much his high patron. Nero decided that the handsome boy was the best candidate for his wife’s role. As a result, on the day of the wedding, a veil with veil was put on the head of a submissive castrato. Nero gave his lover a large dowry, organizing him to the same honeymoon in Greece. The story goes that Nero’s marriage with men was common – the emperor combining marriage with two more men. However, these lovers were not scraped, because Caesar was their wife! According to one of the versions of the reason for Nero’s wedding on castrati became the guilt of the emperor for beating up the death of his previous pregnant wife, Sabina. And the young boy was so much like her … It’s no wonder that Nero called this eunuch with this name. However, the marriage was short-lived, since Nero committed suicide in 68. The widowed castrato did not long to be sad and quickly married Nymphidia Sabina, who wove intrigues in the hope of becoming the ruler himself. But the rivals killed this opponent in the course of a tough pre-election race. The young man-eunuch began to change the owners often, his services were alternately used by the provisional rulers of Rome. It is said that the Dispute was the lover and emperor of Oton, and his vile receiver Vitellia. He was generally obsessed with orgies and gladiatorial battles. Vitellius came up with the following scene. The dispute was to be changed by a woman, and the emperor was going to rape him right in the arena in front of thousands of people. However, the Dispute could not endure such shame, in advance of having committed suicide. Origen (185-254). At the dawn of Christianity, the topic of sex among believers was shyly concealed. The first believers tried to be like Jesus in everything and inherit his behavior, so in the fashion was the rejection of such worldly excesses as physical pleasure, family ties and material values. On this occasion, Matvei said: “There are also eunuchs who have themselves oskolili for the sake of the Kingdom of Heaven.” If normal people interpreted this phrase as a celibate demand, then the Greek Origen took this gospel extract too close to his heart, having actually dipped himself. This castrato was the mentor of the Alexandrian theological school. Origen quietly slept on bare earth, fasted and thought it unnecessary to change clothes. Castration also opened up new opportunities for the philosopher. Now he could calmly train girls without the risk of being seduced.Most likely at that time such selflessness was quite often a phenomenon. It is no coincidence that in 325 on the Nicaea Cathedral self-occultation was officially banned. Pierre Abelard (1079-1142). The Middle Ages gave a whole constellation of intellectuals. Among them, the bright star is the name of Pierre Abelard. He became famous as a philosopher, theologian and poet. At the lecture of Abelard at Notre Dame, the entire intelligentsia of Paris considered it an honor to go. One day Pierre became interested in the young pretty girl Eloise, whose uncle Fulber was a priest. The philosopher was older than his beloved for only 12 years. Abelard invited his uncle to settle the girl to him in order to study science. However, youth played a role – Eloise soon became pregnant, and Pierre took her to Brittany. There was a secret wedding. The fact is that the medieval scholastics were prescribed a vow of celibacy. Over time, Eloise realized that their love hinders the spiritual career of the spouse. She left him and went back to Fulber. He decided that Abelard had simply dishonored his niece and abandoned him. The priest’s fury was so strong that he hired urban bandits to cut off the male organ for the philosopher. Under the current rules, this would not allow Abelard to continue his Catholic career. After castration, Pierre was forced to retire to the monastery, becoming a simple novice. There Abelard wrote a book “The Story of My Disasters”, and then again began to teach. Eloise went to the monastery, she secretly corresponded with her husband. Their child was brought up without parents in the Fulber family. Reunited lovers only after death – they were buried in one crypt in the cemetery of Pere Lachaise. Zheng He (1371-1435). At birth, this Chinese was named Ma He. He was born in a small village, and his family already had five children. In fact, Ma He was not an ethnic Chinese, his ancestors belonged to one of the Muslim nationalities, who at one time helped the Mongols to keep China conquered in obedience. The roots of this people lie on the territory of present-day Uzbekistan. By the time when the power in China became part of the Ming dynasty, the Mongols finally left the country. Ma He was taken prisoner and was neutered. A young capable eunuch came to serve the future emperor Yongle. He became an army officer and successfully fought against the Mongols. When Yongle came to the throne, the battle commander received a new surname, becoming Zheng. The new emperor became famous for his seven marine expeditions, which allowed to interrupt the centuries-old isolation of China, significantly expanding trade routes. During this campaign, Zheng He became famous. Each trip included dozens of ships, which housed up to 30,000 sailors. These epochal voyages led by Admiral Zheng He allowed the Chinese to discover the markets of Indonesia and Sri Lanka, Siam and Maldives, Bengal and Somalia. 17 countries in Africa and Asia learned about the existence of China. Trade brought so much money that the Porcelain Tower was erected on them in the capital of the country, Nanjing. The eunuch traveler was able to surprise his emperor by bringing him from Africa a strange and unprecedented animal – a giraffe. After the death of the naval commander, the political situation changed, the supporters of isolationism again came to power. As a result, the glorious name of Zheng He for a long time was forgotten. Wei Zhongxiang (1568-1627). The eunuchs played an important role in the political life of China until the fall of the empire in 1911. The origin of the castrati was often the lowest – the boys were castrated as a child, in order to give them the opportunity to pursue a career in the service of the emperor. As a result, eunuchs-bureaucrats had great power in the country. Those of them who knew how to use it got into history. His son Zhongxiang’s family did not plan to oskoplyat. The boy grew up in a poor peasant family, quickly married and became a father. But Wei adored to play dice, it is no wonder that he soon lost and began to hide from his creditors.There was only one way out – Weig castrated himself and entered the state service at age 21. His thirty-year career was brilliant. During this time, Zhongxiang had many useful friends who helped him move to power. Historians believe that the best career movement was the friendship with Mrs. Ke, the nanny of the future emperor Tianzi. When that was crowned at the age of 15, then Wei began to distract the monarch from his affairs, offering all kinds of games and entertainment. And Zhongxiang himself became the de facto ruler of the country. Especially in his charge was the internal intelligence service, so all the dissatisfied were under scrutiny. During Vey’s lifetime pagodas were opened in his honor throughout the country, and he himself lived in incomparable wealth. But happiness quickly ended – the emperor suddenly died at the age of 23 years. Wei realized that now his happiness had come to an end, having committed suicide. The new rulers did not forgive the crook – Zhongxiang’s corpse was cut into pieces and scattered around his native village. Farinelli (1705-1782). The connection between castration and music was first traced in Spain. At the end of the 11th century eunuchs began to appear there, which, thanks to their wonderful voices, began to be attracted to Catholic liturgies. The phenomenon became so popular that by the 16th century castrates had already sung in all the main churches in the Pyrenees. This fashion has spread to Italy. Carlo Throwski, who was later named Farinelli, was born into a family of the courtier, having moved to Naples in 1711. The family chose his life as a boy. Already at the age of 15, the young castrato debuted at the opera. If before 1724 the singer worked mainly in Naples and Rome, then he conquered Northern Italy, and then traveled to Europe, touring even in London. Since 1737, Farinelli became the personal singer of the Spanish King Philip V, and over time the castrato became the knight and leader of all theaters. In Spain, Farinelli was able to deliver 23 operas, becoming not only a legendary singer, but also a prominent music figure. Recently, the remains of the castrato have been found, scientists have been given the right to exhume, trying to solve the mystery better than a singer of the 18th century. Thomas “Boston” Corbett (1832-1894). The glory of Corbett came from the assassination of John Wilkes Booth in 1865, which in turn became the assassin of Abraham Lincoln. Corbett was born in England, moving to the New World with his parents at the age of seven. At the age of 20, Thomas entered the community of “newly born Christians”, adopting the new name “Boston” in honor of the city where the dedication took place. By this age, Corbett had become seriously attached to prostitutes, so he decided to scrape himself with scissors to protect himself from temptation. Immediately after the operation, Thomas visited the doctor, and then went to his brothers by faith, where he even had time to walk and dine. Is it any wonder that soon the new fanatic house became a psychiatric hospital? After serving in the army, Corbett moved to Kansas, living in a dug out of his own dugout. The behavior of the strange man was so provocative that he was soon detained. The reason was an attempt to intimidate members of the local House of Representatives with a revolver from the rostrum. Thomas did not like the fact that some politicians in their prayer at the opening of the chamber’s meeting were not sincere enough. Glory came to Corbett from an unexpected angle. By profession, he was a hatter and served as the prototype of the Mad Hatter from the book “Alice in Wonderland.” Alessandro Moreschi (1858-1922). Almost three hundred years, castrates-singers with success sang in Italian temples and the choir of the Pope. Although at that time castration was officially banned, many parents understood that the shredding of a young son could be the only chance to escape poverty. The castration of boys for the needs of the Vatican was successfully covered up with accidents, doctors’ testimony and so on. One historian estimated that in the 18th century in Italy, every year, up to 4,000 boys were unhappy from horses. Naturally, all of them were in fact subjected to illegal castration.One of the most famous of these characters was Alessandro Moreschi. He sang in the choir of the Sistine Chapel, and the voice of this castrato became the only one recorded on the phonograph. This happened in 1902 and 1904. However, the singer Moresky was very mediocre. On the surviving record, it is clearly audible how he falsifies. And the quality of the recording did not allow us to understand what the eunuchs were so famous for. Alessandro’s fate was heavy, and eventually he became a drunkard and a drug addict. After all, in the twentieth century, being a castrato is rather humiliating and difficult. Add a Comment
Evidence of adverse health effects of TV viewing is stronger than for overall sedentary behaviour in youth. One explanation may be that TV viewing involves less body movement than other sedentary activities. Variations in body movement across sedentary activities are currently unknown, as are age differences in such variations. This study examined body movement differences across various sedentary activities in children and adolescents, assessed by hip-, thigh- and wrist-worn accelerometers, muscle activity and heart rate. Body movement differences between sedentary activities and standing were also examined. Fifty-three children (aged 10–12 years) and 37 adolescents (aged 16–18 years) performed seven different sedentary activities, a standing activity, and a dancing activity (as a control activity) in a controlled setting. Each activity lasted 10 minutes. Participants wore an Actigraph on their hip and both wrists, an activPAL on their thigh and a heart rate monitor. The muscle activity of weight-bearing leg muscles was measured in a subgroup (n = 38) by surface electromyography. Variations in body movement across activities were examined using general estimation equations analysis. Children showed significantly more body movement during sedentary activities and standing than adolescents. In both age groups, screen-based sedentary activities involved less body movement than non-screen-based sedentary activities. This may explain the stronger evidence for detrimental health effects of TV viewing while evidence for child sedentary behaviour in general is inconsistent. Differences in body movement during standing and sedentary activities were relatively small. Future research should examine the potential health effects of differences in body movement between screen-based versus non-screen based and standing versus sedentary activities. Original languageEnglish Article number1009 JournalInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Issue number5 Publication statusPublished - 2018 Cite this
(Roughly) Daily From MIT’s Media Lab and it Pantheon Project, an interactive mapping tool that let’s one visualize the history of cultural production. You were not born with the ability to fly, cure disease or communicate at long distances, but you were born in a society that endows you with these capacities. These capacities are the result of information that has been generated by humans and that humans have been able to embed in tangible and digital objects. This information is all around you. It is the way in which the atoms in an airplane are arranged or the way in which your cell-phone whispers dance instructions to electromagnetic waves. Pantheon is a project celebrating the cultural information that endows our species with these fantastic capacities. To celebrate our global cultural heritage we are compiling, analyzing and visualizing datasets that can help us understand the process of global cultural development. Dive in, visualize, and enjoy. Pantheon allows one to select a time period, then see the results sorted by place of origin (as in the chart above) or by profession, and provides a ranked listing of people. It’s all fascinating, but the “professional” sort is especially telling, as Kottke observes: Up until the Renaissance, the most well-known people in the world were mostly politicians and religious figures, with some writers and philosophers thrown in for good measure. Starting with the Renaissance through the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution, politicians, writers, painters, and composers become more prominent. For the past 50 years, athletes and entertainers dominate the list, with footballers making up almost a third of the most known. (If you only go back to 1990, actors dominate.) Politicians rate slightly behind tennis players (but ahead of pornographic actors) and religious figures are not represented in the graph at all. Visit Pantheon to see for yourself, and find more on the data and methodology used here. * Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays As we put down the remote control and pick up a book, we might send tasty birthday greetings to the culinary genius behind green eggs and ham, Theodor Seuss Geisel, AKA “Dr. Seuss”; he was born on this date in 1904. After a fascinating series of early-career explorations, Geisel settled on a style that created what turned out to be the perfect “gateway drug” to book addiction for generations of young readers. The more that you read, The more things you will know. The more that you learn, The more places you’ll go. I Can Read With My Eyes Shut! (1978) Written by LW March 2, 2016 at 1:01 am %d bloggers like this:
As the word means “messenger,” an angel isn’t so much a type of being as it is a job description. Today, Barry Cooper presents a biblical picture of these otherworldly creatures. One of the things we preachers love to do at Christmastime is to add to the Christmas cheer by telling everyone that a great deal of what they’ve learned about Christmas from Christmas cards and school nativity plays is completely and utterly wrong. You know the kind of thing. “There is no biblical reason for thinking that there were three wise men.” “It is debatable whether Jesus was born in a stable.” And “there is literally no biblical support for the role of ‘little drummer boy’ in your school nativity play.” One of the other major players in any self-respecting nativity scene, of course, are the angels. But even here, the Christmas preacher can find yet another festive parade to rain on. Only certain kinds of angels are said explicitly to have wings: cherubim and seraphim. And typically, angels are not the demure figures we see on Christmas cards. They have a name in Hebrew: malakim, or in Greek angelos, from which we get the word angels. The word literally means “messenger,” so angel isn’t so much a type of being as it is a job description. Their role is to take messages and announce them, which is what we see them doing, for example, during that first Christmas. An angel named Gabriel is sent by God to Mary to tell her that she’d found favor with God. Another angel appears to the shepherds, announcing that a Savior had just been born in Bethlehem. And so on. In the early church, there was even a heresy that claimed Jesus was an angel, which may explain in part why we read in Hebrews, “After making purification for sins, [Jesus Christ] sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, having become as much superior to angels as the name he has inherited is more excellent than theirs.” In fact, we read, Christ is worshiped by the angels. What would it be like to see an angel? Well, they are beings created by God, but they are spiritual beings, rather than physical, though they can certainly take on physical form as the need arises. They appear, for example, at the empty tomb of Jesus at His resurrection, and Jesus’ ascension into heaven was heralded by angels. And the promise of Jesus Himself is that when He returns to judge the living and the dead, He will come “in the glory of his Father with the holy angels.” When they do appear, angels often say to the human they’re speaking to, “Don’t be afraid.” So we can probably conclude that for you and I to come into contact with one would be a fearful thing, so uncanny and overwhelming would their presence be. But it isn’t always the case. In Hebrews, we read, “Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for thereby some have entertained angels unawares.” And yet, as extraordinary as they are, Scripture says something remarkable to followers of Jesus. Because of our being united with Christ, and thus elevated—according to Revelation 3:21—to the very throne of God, we will one day judge all things with Christ. And that even includes the judgement of angels. The elevation between where we are now and where we will be then is breathtaking. Finally, it’s a beautiful reality that angels have another function, which is that they are sent to “minister” to people. For example, we read that angels came and ministered to Jesus after His forty days of temptation in the wilderness. If you’re a believer in Christ, the same is true for you. These “heavenly helpers” are mostly invisible, and yet by God’s grace, our world is filled with them, and their joyful task is to serve you, and minister to you, and ensure that you are brought safely to glory.
Artificial intelligence was used to guess the age of young smokers and the results were brutal It's not exactly news to know that smoking is terrible for you. But if you're still looking for more inspiration to kick the habit in the new year, just remember that artificial Intelligence (AI) is judging you. Reports in the magazine. Scientific reports, researchers from the US biotechnology company Insilico Medicine trained an AI algorithm to detect biological age differences between the blood of smokers and non-smokers. In summary, AI thought that a young smoker was much older than their actual biological age. "On average, it was predicted that smokers were twice as old as their chronological age compared to nonsmokers," the scientists wrote in their research. "It was predicted that male smokers, on average, would be one and a half times older than their actual chronological age compared to non-smokers." However, it is worth noting that this effect was only observed in smokers under 40 years of age. The researchers continue writing: "Surprisingly, this effect disappears in older subjects." The researchers fed the AI with a bank of blood profiles of 149,000 people, 49,000 of whom were smokers, gathered by routine blood tests. Using machine learning techniques, he looked for patterns based on 66 different biomarkers in the blood that are known to relate aging, including levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, urea, fasting glucose, ferritin, etc. After learning all these data, the AI was badigned the task of guessing the age of the people based on their blood chemistry. They discovered that the automatic learning "aging clock" was quite accurate in judging the healthy age of non-smokers. However, if a person was a smoker under 40, he predicted that their biological age would be "significantly greater than their chronological age." Blood chemistry is just one of the many ways to judge a person's biological age. While this is actually the first study to use the results of blood tests to quantify aging related to smoking, other studies have badyzed the signs of aging, such as epigenetic aging, in relation to smoking. As you probably guessed, those results were also very bad for smoking. "I am pleased to be part of the research study, which provides fascinating scientific evidence that smoking is likely to accelerate aging," said Polina Mamoshina, lead research scientist at Insilico Medicine, declaration. "Smoking is a real problem that destroys the health of people, causes premature deaths and is often the cause of many serious diseases. We apply artificial intelligence to prove that smoking significantly increases their biological age. " Source link Check Also Wear gloves, or wash hands to prevent coronavirus? Get all the latest news about the coronavirus, and more delivered daily to your inbox. …
Dipping tube and other technologies can help improve sustainability in construction Cement production has long been a major source of pollution and the industry is said to be the source of around five per cent of global CO2 emissions each year. Whilst the industry is central to building the modern world, for the world to reduce its emissions it is critical those producing cement embrace new technologies to improve efficiency and lower pollution. Over recent years the industry has been slowly moving towards more sustainable and energy-efficient production. These changes may be difficult to see on a yearly basis, the broader trends show significant progress, with improved cooling technologies and burners designed to handle a variety of alternative fuels, which in turn requires improved dipping tube technologies to address the resultant challenges of corrosion and oxidation. According to one study, thermal process efficiency today has reached around 80 per cent of its theoretical maximum, whilst NOx abatement and the capture, storage, and ruse of CO2 remains the focus of serious research across the construction industry. After water, we use concrete more than any other substance on earth, and so to create a more sustainable future the cement industry needs to evolve to put less stress on the planet. Energy production around the world is moving towards more sustainable and renewable options like wind and solar and cars are going electric – the building industry is moving in the right direction but has a long way to go but green concrete and other similar technologies offer a possible pathway to sustainability. For example, using plastic instead of steel to reinforce concrete can reduce emissions by up to fifty per cent. Other new forms of the substance can absorb and store greenhouse gasses, break down air pollutants, or even self-heal to avoid expensive and environmentally damaging repairs. The technologies are there for a greener construction industry if governments, but the question remains whether market forces or governments will be able to push the industry to adapt sufficiently quickly. Photograph by Engin Akyurt
Political Islam: Theory and reality Updated June 29, 2014 Muslims have become so used to modern nation-states that many of them will put up a fight if forced to give up their Pakistani, Afghan, Syrian or Algerian identities in return for a new identity introduced by the likes of bin Laden or Mullah Omar. — File photo Political Islam is an attractive concept for many Muslims and some expect it to resolve some of the economic, political and cultural problems they face. But most don’t know how this will happen. From the early 19th to the mid-20th century, the Islamic world produced a string of scholars — Jamaluddin Afghani and Syed Abul A’ala Maududi in British India, Hassan al-Banna and Syed Qutub in Egypt and Ali Shariati in Iran — who provided an intellectual basis for what is now known as 'Political Islam'. What they wrote made sense in an era when most of today’s Islamic nations were either under direct colonial control or had just regained independence and were still struggling under a colonial legacy. But the fundamentalists, unlike the nationalists, never believed that the end of colonial rule will also bring economic, social and cultural freedom from Western influence. “When the British left the subcontinent, they also left behind a system, and enough people to run that system, which prevents the formerly colonized nations to attain full independence,” says Khurshid Ahmad, a leading intellectual of Pakistan’s Jamaat-e-Islami party. Notions of an 'Islamic system' Economy: Ahmad argues that the developing world currently owes a total of $3.242 trillion to the richest countries of the world. He points out that the richest 1 per cent of the world earns as much as the bottom 57 per cent. Ahmad and other similar Islamic economists blame the world’s interest-based economy for this disparity and want to establish an interest-free economic system. But the problem is, they haven't been able to implement the Islamic system. Individual financial institutions have tried to implement this new system in some countries, but at best they offer cosmetic changes or rephrase the economic jargon to justify the prevalent interest-based system. Culture: Another major complaint fundamentalists often voice is the West’s cultural domination. They want it to be replaced by an Islamic culture. But 'Islamic culture' itself is a contentious term. Muslims in Iran or South Asia are culturally as different from Arab Muslims as all of them are from Western culture. In fact, all of them have borrowed more from Western culture than they have from one another. Politically, the Islamic world is even more divided. Perhaps the only common factor in more than 50 Muslim nations is that most of them are run by autocratic rulers. Several major Muslim states have serious differences with one another and have also often gone to war against their co-religionists. The conflict in Syria and the ISIS’s surprise takeover of several Sunni cities in Iraq once again confirms that for many fighting the opposite sect is perhaps more important than fighting the so-called 'infidels'. Also read: 'Political Islam: Rise, fragmentation and possible fall' The role some neighbouring Arab, and non-Arab, countries have played in fanning sectarian differences in Iraq and Syria indicates that the Middle East may soon be divided into blocs. Iran, Iraq, parts of Lebanon and Syria may form the Shia bloc and the rival bloc may include Sunni Arab states. This may eventually lead to the breakup of some Arab states, like Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, on sectarian lines. But unifying the Islamic world was always a difficult task. And it is understandable why. To provide an intellectual basis for the unification of more than 50 nations with such major economic, cultural and political differences is not easy. Theories produced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries have become irrelevant. And since the 1960s, the movement known as political Islam has not produced any major intellectual. No experience in running a modern state Islamic political parties also have had very little experience in running a modern state. The only country that has remained under religious rule for a considerable period is Iran, where fundamentalists toppled the shah in 1979. But there is little in the Iranian experience that fascinates Sunni Muslims. Most Muslims outside — and many inside — Iran blame the religious elite that is running the country for creating more problems than they resolve. Another example is Afghanistan, where extremists like the Taliban and Al Qaeda had an opportunity to create a model Islamic state but failed miserably. For almost five years, the Taliban and Al Qaeda movements had an entire country at their mercy, with full freedom to do what they wanted. Osama bin Laden and his clique had enough resources and plenty of connections in oil-rich Arab states to get the finances they needed to build roads, schools, hospitals and factories destroyed in 20 years of war and civil strife. They did not. Also read: 'Turkey emphasises cultural Islam, not political' Instead, they turned Afghanistan into a launching pad for terrorist attacks against the Western world, which led to the US invasion after 9/11 and has created a situation which has further weakened the Pakistani and Afghan states. Political scientists fear that if the gradual radicalisation of the two societies is not stopped soon, both Pakistan and Afghanistan may disintegrate into smaller and ungovernable entities. Pakistan also, has suffered tremendously with the mixing of religion with politics. The religion failed to become the unifying factor that Pakistan’s founding fathers had hoped it would be. But it did create dozens of highly radicalised religious groups who know how to kill in the name of religion but do not know how to run a modern state. Now the country’s army, which played a key role in forming many of these radical groups, has been forced to launch a major offensive to eliminate them. They may succeed in doing so but this process may also create new divisions within the Pakistani state. But if the operation fails, it may undo the Pakistani state. What would a modern Islamic nation-state be like? Political Islam has so far been unable to resolve the differences that exist between their version of an Islamic state and the modern nation-states that exist in today’s Islamic world. Their ultimate goal is to create an international fraternity of Muslim nations that can slowly be guided toward a united caliphate. But how they intend to make modern Muslim nation states accept such a caliphate, they’re at a loss to say. Will nation-states such as Iran, Saudi Arabia and Morocco be forced to join such a caliphate? Will they willingly give up their sovereignty for the sake of a greater unity or be forced to do so? How would the rest of the world react to the emergence of a new religious bloc in the world? Will it lead to a greater jihad against the rest of the world? Within the caliphate, how much power shall the caliph enjoy and how much freedom will its citizens be allowed? Will there be a free media? Can women appear on television and cinema screens? Can there be music in an Islamic state? Will women be forced to wear the veil? Will it be compulsory for every man to have a beard? It is not that political Islamists do not have answers to these questions. They do. The problem is that their answers are not acceptable to an overwhelming majority of Muslims. The modern, interest-based banking system is well-entrenched in many Muslim countries. Poor Muslim nations depend on financial assistance from the United States and other Western nations and financial institutions. They cannot defy them. Rich Muslim states neither have the desire nor the intellectual depth needed to create an alternative economic system. They are even less willing to share their riches with poorer Muslim countries. Workers from poor Muslim countries in these rich states are often treated like slaves and return home with a taste of bitterness that remains with them for the rest of their lives. Middle-class and educated Muslim women are not willing to wear the veil, at least not the type presented by the mullahs, though many cover their heads with scarves. Also read: 'The new Sunni Islamist caliphate in Iraq' Both Muslim men and women are addicted to Western-style television shows, films, music and other cultural influences and are unwilling to give them up. They are unwilling to go along with the religious groups or the traditional mullahs, like the Taliban. They fear that in a Taliban-like state, or the Iranian-style Islamic republic, they will be marginalised and will be forced to accept an orthodox version of Islam that they do not believe in. Muslims have become so used to the modern nation-states, many of them will put up a fight if forced to give up their Pakistani, Afghan, Syrian or Algerian identities in return for a new identity introduced by the likes of bin Laden or Mullah Omar. Rich Muslim states are not likely to abolish visas and open their doors to poorer Muslims just because religious groups want them to do so. (to be continued)
4 Fat Soluble Vitamins to Avoid in Excess Vitamins come in two varieties: water soluble and fat soluble. Water soluble vitamins, such as B complex vitamins and vitamin C, dissolve in water and are excreted through the kidneys if you have excess amounts in your body. Fat-soluble vitamins — namely vitamins A, D, E and K — dissolve in fat and are stored in fat throughout the body. It is difficult for your body to excrete excess fat-soluble vitamins, so toxic levels can accumulate if you consume too many. What Is Meaning of Fat Soluble Vitamins? Image Credit: Karl Tapales/Moment/GettyImages How Fat Soluble Vitamins Are Absorbed When you eat foods with fat-soluble vitamins, it goes through the digestion process. When it gets to the small intestine, the fat-soluble vitamins are released. Unlike water-soluble vitamins that go directly into the bloodstream, fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the intestinal wall and into the lymph system, according to cardiologist Dariush Mozaffarian on Sharecare.com. Once in the lymph system, the vitamins are sent to the bloodstream where they are put out for use by the body or sent for storage in the liver and fat cells. When your body is in need of one of these vitamins, it is released from storage. Vitamin A Vitamin A is necessary for vision, bone growth, reproduction, resistance to infections and several other functions in the cells of your body. Some forms of vitamin A are considered antioxidants, which may protect your body from some chronic diseases. Vitamin A is found in both plants and animals. The type of vitamin A in animals is called preformed vitamin A and is absorbed in the form of retinol. The vitamin A in plants is called provitamin A, or carotenoids. The most common carotenoid is beta carotene. Food sources of vitamin A include milk, eggs, fortified breakfast cereals and darkly colored fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, cantaloupe, sweet potatoes and spinach. The recommended dietary allowance, or RDA, is 3,000 international units per day for men and 2,310 international units for women. Vitamin D Vitamin D works in conjunction with calcium to build bones and strong teeth. Very few foods contain vitamin D. Milk is fortified with vitamin D, and fatty fish, such as salmon and tuna, contain some. The best source of vitamin D is the sun. A few minutes in the sun each day provide adequate amounts of vitamin D. The RDA is 200 international units per day for teens and adults ages 14 to 50, 400 international units for adults ages 51 to 70 and 600 international units for adults over 70. Vitamin E Current, ongoing studies are being done on vitamin E and its ability to protect against cancer, heart disease, stroke, dementia and liver disease. Vitamin E is considered an antioxidant, which has protective qualities to fight free radicals in your body. Free radicals damage cells throughout the body and may be associated with several chronic diseases. Vitamin E is in vegetable oils, wheat germ, corn, nuts and seeds, olives, spinach and asparagus. The RDA for adults is 15 mg per day. Vitamin K Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting. The USDA is currently studying the role of vitamin K in bone strength and integrity and how much vitamin K is needed for this purpose. Vitamin K is found in cabbage, cauliflower, fortified cereals, fortified oils and green leafy vegetables, such as spinach. The RDA is 65 micrograms per day for women and 80 micrograms for men. Are Supplements Needed? If you eat a well-balanced, nutritious diet, you most likely consume adequate amounts of the fat-soluble vitamins. Supplements are available if you feel your diet is lacking in these vitamins. Because they are fat-soluble and stored in your body, use caution in taking supplements. Consuming more than the RDA can be harmful. Check with your health care provider before taking high levels of supplements. Load Comments
Boilers, Coal, Emissions, Gas Turbines, Retrofits & Upgrades Optimizing Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Issue 6 and Volume 121. By John Gülen and Chris Hall Carbon dioxide (CO2) constitutes the largest fraction of greenhouse gases, which are widely believed to be a major contributor to climate change. Even though some coal projects in India and China have been halted and the projected renewables share of the global energy mix by 2030 is expected to grow, fossil fuels will be a significant source of electric generation-about 44 percent. These trends show there is still more to be done if we are to achieve significant reductions in global carbon emissions. There is a method (patent application pending) for efficient and cost-effective removal of CO2 from a gas turbine combined-cycle power plant. The proposed solution applies two techniques in an innovative manner: high supplementary firing in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and recirculation of a portion of its stack gas. The advantage of the invention is to reduce the CO2 capture penalty-power diverted away from generation-by almost 65 percent and the overall capital cost ($/kW) by about 35 percent. For a power plant with CO2 capture rated at 800 megawatts electrical (MWe), this translates into significant reduction in capital cost while producing 75 MWe extra power output. The end result is significant reduction in carbon footprint in the most cost-effective manner. Before discussing the new technology in more detail, let us evaluate how carbon capture takes place presently. Current Post-Combustion Capture Methods To date, post-combustion CO2 removal from the stack gases via deployment of aqueous amine-based absorber-stripper technology is the only commercially available option, which is applicable to new units as well as to retrofitting the existing plants and has been demonstrated in several pilot projects. The stack gas of a modern gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power plant with advanced F, H or J class units contains about 4 percent CO2 by volume at near-atmospheric pressure (about 4.5% on a dry basis). Low flue gas pressure and density result in large volume flows requiring large piping, ducts and equipment, which are reflected in plant footprint and total installed cost. The only commercially available absorbents active enough for recovery of dilute CO2 at very low partial pressures are aqueous solutions of alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), methyl-diethanolamine (MDEA) and the newly developed sterically hindered amines (e.g., piperazine). In a fossil fuel-fired power plant with post-combustion capture, a continuous scrubbing system is used to separate the CO2 from the flue gas stream by chemical absorption. As shown in Figure 1, the system consists of two main components: • an absorber in which the CO2 is removed, and • a regenerator (stripper) in which the CO2 is released in a concentrated form and the solvent is recovered. Carbon dioxide capture from flue gas via aqueous amine-based absorption Prior to the CO2 removal, the flue gas (at around 90°C at the heat recovery steam generator stack for the most efficient GTCC power plants) is typically cooled to about 50°C (e.g., in a direct contact cooler or “quench tower”) and then treated to reduce particulates and other impurities, which would otherwise cause operational problems and costly loss of the solvent. The solvent absorbs the CO2 (together with traces of NOx) by chemical reaction to form a loosely-bound compound. A booster fan is requisite to overcome the pressure loss in the capture plant and is a significant power consumer. The largest power reduction caused by the CO2 capture system is due to the large amount of heat required to regenerate the solvent. The temperature level for regeneration is normally around 120°C. This heat is typically supplied by steam extracted from the bottoming cycle and reduces steam turbine power output and, consequently, net efficiency of the GTCC significantly. In addition, as for all other carbon capture technologies, electrical power is consumed to compress the captured CO2 for transportation to the storage site and injection into the storage cavern. Technologies for gas sweetening and syngas purification using alkanolamines and other absorbents have been extensively utilized in chemical process industry (CPI) over the past century. Nevertheless, large-scale recovery of CO2 from flue gas poses several serious challenges. Most important of these challenges (in a GTCC context) have already been mentioned: low CO2 partial pressure and high regeneration energy. In addition, oxygen in the flue gas (about 12percent by volume at the HRSG stack) can cause corrosion and solvent degradation. Due to the absence of many impurities, which are amply present in coal-fired power plant flue gases, e.g., SOx (negligible), soot, fly ash, and mercury, the only significant degrading agent to worry about in GTCC flue gas is oxygen. While inhibitors have been reasonably effective in mitigating these effects, the need for continuous removal of unavoidable solution contaminants adds to the operating costs. Table 1 shows performance and cost impact of a post-combustion absorption system with MEA. Performance (efficiency and output), and cost data was calculated and estimated based on its wide use in CPI applications, albeit at much smaller scales. The original (base) case is a state-of-the-art GTCC power plant (note the vintage, ca. 2000). Construction of a new plant based on existing technology is assumed. The difference in plant size chosen in the studies made by IEA GHG and SINTEF and inflation (at least to some extent) should be responsible for the differences in the specific investments. (The former obviously uses a 2x2x1 GTCC as a basis whereas the latter uses a 1x1x1 configuration.) Nevertheless, the economies of scale between the two, 410/625 = 0.656, is too optimistic. Based on the published budgetary prices, 0.9 seems to be a more appropriate factor. In other words, the “original” GTCC specific investment for the IEAGHG (year 2000) plant in Table 1 would, in all likelihood, be around 550 €/kWe. This would imply a with-capture cost of (790/410) x550 = 1,060 €/kWe. Comparison of efficiencies and costs for post-combustion CO2 capture from natural gas fired power plants To summarize, in a natural gas-fired GTCC framework, post-combustion CO2 capture plant design challenges are as follows: – to minimize regeneration energy by selecting a solvent with a relatively low reaction energy – to use the lowest possible exergy steam extraction to provide the requisite energy – to cool the gas turbine exhaust gas to the lowest possible temperature in the HRSG – to maximize the CO2 content of the HRSG stack gas Proposed Solution The solution that addresses these challenges proposed herein meets three key design challenges of post-combustion CO2 capture from the stack gas of a GTCC power plant using aqueous amine-based scrubbing method by offering the following: – Low HRSG stack gas temperature – Increased HRSG stack gas CO2 content – Decreased HRSG stack gas O2 content This is achieved by combining two bottoming cycle modifications in an inventive manner: – High supplementary (duct) firing in the HRSG – Recirculation of the HRSG stack gas A detailed system diagram is shown in Figure 2. This diagram is used to explain the key features of the GTCC with carbon capture (henceforth GTC4) per the earlier discussion and how they are implemented to result in a final coherent system. Furthermore, a detailed sample calculation with all the pertinent numbers will be presented in the following section to demonstrate the significance of GTC4 vis-à-vis current state-of-the-art. System diagram of the GTCC optimize for carbon capture The gas turbine combined cycle system of GTC4 comprises the following major components: (i) Main gas turbine generator (Main GTG) (ii) Single-pressure HRSG with reheat and supplementary firing. (iii) Steam turbine generator (STG) (iv) Recirculation gas turbine generator (Recirculation GTG) Main GTG, HRSG, and STG comprise the current state-of-the-art in terms of gas turbine combined cycle plant arrangement. HRSG stack gas is forwarded to a post-combustion carbon dioxide capture plant (CCP). The proposed system, GTC4, is based on the diversion of a portion of HRSG stack gas from the CCP. Diverted gas is mixed with ambient air cooled in a heat exchanger (i.e., evaporative cooler, electric chiller, etc.). The remaining gas is forwarded to the CCP. The combined air-gas flow is the motive air of the recirculation GTG, which generates further electric power. The exhaust gas from the recirculation GTG is mixed with the exhaust gas from the main GTG. The combined exhaust gas enters the HRSG and its energy is increased by the duct burner. The rest of the steam cycle is similar to the current state-of-the-art. The carbon capture plant can be based on any post-combustion capture technology and has the following features: • It is inclusive of CO2 compression and conditioning for pipeline transportation to the final storage or usage location (e.g., sequestration cavern, oil field for enhanced oil recovery, etc.). • It includes electric motor-driven equipment such as compressors, pumps, etc., whose power consumption is debited to the gross power generation of the GTCC power plant. • It utilizes steam at specified pressures and temperatures to provide energy requisite for capture processes (e.g., the reboiler of the stripper/regenerator column of the aqueous amine-based capture plant in Figure 1). Steam requirements of the CCP are met by steam extracted from suitable locations in the bottoming cycle of the GTCC, e.g., the HRSG and/or the STG. One example is low pressure steam extraction from the STG, which is shown in Figure 2. Another option is to supply the low pressure reboiler steam from an auxiliary boiler. Final selection is subject to a cost-performance trade-off and operability impact study, which can be done on a case-by-case basis. The recirculation GTG supplementary air flow requires cooling for optimal gas turbine performance. This is especially important for plant operation on hot days. The inlet cooler in Figure 2 can be an evaporative cooler, which is projected to be the most cost-effective option in most cases. However, it can also be one of myriad possibilities including electric chiller, absorption chiller (utilizing steam or hot water extracted from the HRSG or the STG) among others. The final selection should be determined on a case-by-case basis via diligent cost-performance trade-off. Recirculation GTG can be identical to the main GTG (most likely to be the ideal configuration) or it can be of a different type and size. The final selection should be determined on a case-by-case basis via diligent cost-performance trade-off. Gas turbine fuels can be of the same type (e.g., both natural gas) or different (i.e., one natural gas and the other distillate). Similarly, the HRSG duct burner can use the same fuel as the GTGs or a different one.Other important design parameters and decisions subject to optimization are the duct burner exit gas temperature, the location of the duct burner and the HRSG stack gas recirculation rate (commonly referred to as exhaust gas recirculation, EGR). Higher EGR, although beneficial from a stack gas CO2 and O2 content perspective, results in warmer motive air for the recirculation GTG (plus with reduced O2 for the combustor). The discussion herein is based on calculations with 30 percent EGR. This is believed to be roughly the optimal rate. Nevertheless, a diligent optimization study is requisite to pin down the best EGR rate on a case-by-case basis. EGR is being considered by one OEM for their next-generation gas turbines with 1,700°C turbine inlet temperature (TIT) to reduce NOx emissions. In the system adopted by that OEM, recirculated HRSG stack gas, after being cooled and mixed with ambient air, is admitted into the compressor inlet. Tests have been conducted in full-scale combustors at medium and high pressures to demonstrate operability and NOx reduction capability with up to nearly 30 percent EGR. Another OEM has also demonstrated the effect of EGR on operability, efficiency, and emission performance under conditions of up to 40 percent EGR. Recirculation GT compressor and turbine operability considerations due to changing gas composition and molecular weight should be evaluated by the OEM at the detailed design phase. Performance and Cost The significance of the GTC4 is its immense capital cost benefit of about $200 million (nominal 750 MWe net), which makes it quite attractive even at expensive fuel gas (at the same net MWe output). The advantage of the system is demonstrated by detailed heat and mass balance simulation of the power block (using Thermoflow Inc.’s Thermoflex and GT PRO software) and the amine-based post-combustion capture system (using ProMax v3.2 with a hypothetical amine of 50 percent(wt) MDEA and 5 percent (wt) Piperazine). Comparison of GTC4 cost and performance with those of a base GTCC is summarized in Table 2. Performance and Cost Post-combustion capture performance and cost data for the proposed system. Base GTCC is two 1×1 plants with the same main GTG (served by one large CCP). In particular, GTC4 has the following advantages – $182 million lower installed cost – 25+% lower specific cost ($/kW) – 15+% lower capture penalty (relative basis) Note that there is a variant of GTC4 (not discussed herein but included in the patent application), which can reduce the capture penalty by 65 percent (relative basis) with the same specific cost advantage. The benefits of GTC4, vis-à-vis state-of-the-art GTCC with conventional post-combustion capture, can be enumerated as follows: • Higher CO2 concentration • Faster reaction kinetics • Lower regeneration energy per mole of CO2 captured • Lower O2 concentration • Reduced solvent degradation • Reduced reclaiming need • Reduced solvent consumption • Lower HRSG stack gas temperature • Reduced booster fan power • Reduced direct-contact cooler (DCC) duty • Lower volume flow (per unit energy) • Smaller duct, DCC and absorber diameter In order to provide an assessment in alignment with previously published information, a cost of electricity analysis in a recent U.S. DOE NETL report is selected as a baseline. In particular, GTCC cases without and with capture, B31A and B31B, respectively are selected. Using the cost and performance deltas in Table 2, a new capture case is calculated on an apples-to-apples basis. (Ten percent reduction in fixed and variable O&M costs is assumed.) The results are summarized in Table 3, which indicate that, even with some sacrifice in overall net efficiency, it is possible to reduce the cost of CO2 captured to about $40/ton. Cost of CO2 Avoided and Captured Cost of CO2 avoided and captured (as defined in section 2.7.4 of the NETL Report “Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants Volume 1a: Bituminous Coal (PC) and Natural Gas to Electricity Revision 3,” July 6, 2015, DOE/NETL-2015/1723). TASC: Total As-Spent Cost. As the world works together to reduce or eliminate emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere, technological solutions like the optimized post-combustion CO2 capture and repowering can go a long way to deliver results. Bechtel is working on a number of combined-cycle plants in the U.S., including Carroll County Generating Facility in Ohio, Hummel Generating Facility in Pennsylvania, and has recently completed the Stonewall Generating Facility in Virginia. Both authors work at Bechtel. John Gülen is Senior Principal Engineer and Chris Hall is Project Engineer.
level IIi This page updated: 04/29/2020 Cause & Effect (Essay #1) Revise & Edit W2SOA schedule icone.png The Goal: You will use MI Write to complete the revise & edit stages of the writing process. Topic: Student Choice 1. Log into MI Write 2. Choose your class 3. Find the writing sample you wish to work on in the list. 4. Click on the link (the date is the link to the writing sample) 5. Read through your work. how do I.png Revising & Editing 1. As you go in to do your revisions, it might help to separate sentences apart with a double-space so its easy to find the text line that needs correction. This step is optional. 2. READ EACH comment carefully. "S" comments are spelling suggestions. "G" comments are grammar comments. Gray highlights are sentences that have grammar and sentence structure issues. 3. What to do first? 4. Continue revising and editing until there are no errors. 5. It is at this point you will gain further development of ideas, organization and style feedback from your instructor or feedback person.
101 Uses of a 'C++' Text Author Message 101 Uses of a 'C++' Text * 101 USES FOR A 'C++' TEXTBOOK * 1) To protect the finish on that expensive dining room table, use the book as a coaster. 2) Use the edge of the binding to draw straight lines. 3) It's just the right size and shape to plug up that book-shaped hole in the roof of your house. 4) Hide money between the pages. 5) Use it as a support under a piece of paper so that you can play tic-tac-toe in bed. 6) The spine can be used to tap thumb tacks into the bulletin board. 7) Cut the disk in the back of the book into four pieces and stack them; the result is a great filter for viewing solar eclipses. 8) Use it as a crutch for your favorite living room chair when one of its legs breaks. 9) It's just right as a footstool for changing those almost-within-reach light bulbs. 10) Use it as a bookend. 11) The sides of the book can be used to press wallpaper into those tight corners the next time you remodel your house. 12) Use it as a forty-dollar paperweight. 13) The next time your car gets stuck in either mud or snow, wedge the textbook under your tire to get more traction. 14) Use it as an extra step to fix that broken staircase in the ba{filter}t. 15) Trade in the text to buy that new frying pan you've always wanted. 16) Use it as a rest for your soup ladle. 17) Slide it repeatedly back and forth under the refrigerator to sweep up that thick, horrible dust. 18) It makes an inexpensive doorstop so that the wind doesn't slam your bedroom door during the summer months. 19) Use it to smooth freshly laid cement. 20) Swat spiders, flies, and other household pests with it. 21) Crack walnuts by whacking them on the coffee table with it. 22) Use it to flatten sandwiches so they'll hold together longer. 23) Whack Nancy Kerrigan's knee with it. 24) On those hot summer days, lay the book with pages open onto your face in order to shield your eyes from the Sun. 25) Use it as a distance marker on the golf course. 26) Jot down your favorite recipes on the blank pages. 27) Use it as a cutting board. 28) File this week's bills between the pages. 29) Use the blank pages as blotter paper for your desk. 30) It can add that extra height to the cushion of your two-year-old's high-chair at the dinner table. 31) On those long camping trips, carry it on board as a spare canoe paddle. 32) Use the edge of each page to clean between your teeth. 33) It's great as a spanking board to punish those {filter} high-school kids. 34) It can protect the kitchen table from that hot roasting pan. 35) Use it to sweep pine needles from under this year's X-mas tree. 36) Knock Santa out with it during a sleigh robbery. 37) Put it under one leg of the X-mas tree stand to keep the tree level. 38) Use it as a pooper-scooper for Santa's reindeer. 39) It can be used to prop the chimney chute open for Santa. 40) It's great as an ice scraper for your windshield. 41) Use it as a serving platter for fruit cake. 42) Cover the text with frosting and serve it as fruit cake. 43) Use it to provide lumbar back support for your office chair. 44) It can be used to knead dough for gingerbread cookies. 45) It makes wonderful confetti for the next New Year's Eve party. 46) Use it as a substitute mouse-pad for your computer. 47) Brush snow off your porch steps with it. 48) Brush leaves off your car hood with it. 49) Put it down a baseball player's pants for protection. 50) Use it as a cure for insomnia on those hot summer nights. 51) Fan the pages as a substitute air conditioner. 52) When stranded on Gilligan's Island, flag down passing ships with it. 53) Throw it at the neighborhood cat which always trespasses on your lawn. 54) Put it on the kitchen counter to dam those extra-large spills. 55) Use it to cover up that annoying icon which always appears in the lower right-hand corner of your TV screen. 56) Keep it on your night table in just the right place to cover up that ugly coffee stain. 57) Use it to slap that stupid cat which keeps clawing the furniture. 58) Set it ablaze for use as a road flare. 59) Use the corners to make crimps in your next apple pie before baking. 60) Use it to hold down one corner of your towel during a windy day at the beach. 61) Cover your head with it the next time it rains and you forget your umbrella. 62) Walk with it on top of your head to improve your posture. 63) Have the pages recycled to make cereal boxes. 64) After it rains, put it on a picnic bench before sitting down. 65) It can be used to hold the front door ajar for those furniture movers. 66) Put it under a flowerpot to catch the runoff. 67) It's pretty good for scratching your back in those hard-to-reach places. 68) It makes a great ramp for your kid's toy car. 69) Use it as an object in a Hot Wheels obstacle course. 70) It's great as a substitute for one of your baby's building blocks. 71) Use it as a speed-bump. 72) On those cold winter mornings, use it to pry the stuck garage door open. 73) Use it as a shim to quiet that window which rattles on windy days. 74) Cover your eyes with it during a scary movie. 75) Use it as a substitute gamepiece in shuffleboard. 76) Hold it at the appropriate distance from your eye to frame that perfect family portrait. 77) Use the pages as kindling paper for campfires on that next jamboree. 78) It's great as a substitute bone for your dog to bury. 79) Tear the pages out for exercise. 80) Use it to conduct airplanes along a runway. 81) Keep it on your car dashboard to prevent loose change from sliding down those vents. 82) The next time you get a traffic ticket, cheerfully offer the text to the police officer so he has something to write on. 83) Use the pages as decoupage to decorate the walls of your friendly neighborhood bistro. 84) Your bartender can use it to skim the excess foam off your beers. 85) Store just-used paintbrushes on it so they won't mar your workbench. 86) After{filter}ing an envelope to seal it, use the text to clamp the envelope shut. 87) Use it to hit pucks in table-top air hockey. 88) It's great as a substitute ping-pong paddle. 89) Keep it on the front seat of your car to deter thieves. 90) Use a telescope to project the Sun's image onto it in order to view sunspots. 91) Slide it down an inclined plane at various angles as a demonstration of the Law of Friction. 92) Use the pages to wrap pork chops and other kinds of raw meat for storage. 93) Use it to flip grilled cheese sandwiches. 94) Use the pages to line your garbage pail. 95) Pass it through a paper-shredder and use the resulting fiber as a filler in hot dogs. 96) It can be used to conceal part of the transparency while you teach with an overhead projector. 97) Use it to cover a bowl of leftovers in the refrigerator. 98) The next time you ride the bus, lay the text next to you in order to reserve a seat for your friend. 99) Trace the large 'C' in the title for calligraphy class. 100) As you walk in the rain, carry it on top of your other schoolbooks to protect them. 101) Coat the pages with honey and use them as flypaper. ... AND MANY MORE! Mon, 14 Dec 1998 03:00:00 GMT [ 1 post ] Relevant Pages 1. 'Text exceeds memo capacity' problem 2. EDIT1.TEXT := MEMO1.Lines.Values['BFT1']; 3. 'extended' text modes 4. Using 'Locate' on MSSQL tables 5. Using DOS 'move' command through TP7 6. Have you used 'BatchMove'?? 7. Interbase Updates Using Ttable - Tquery 'HELP' 8. Need Turbo Pascal Programming 101 Disk 9. em8x-101.zip Optimized TP6/BP7 hardware emulator files 10. over-101.zip Optimized TP6/BP7 Overlay unit 11. Source for TP Programming 101 by Charlie Calvert? 12. Exit Code 101 Powered by phpBB® Forum Software
Why is Swami Vevekananda Famous? swami vivekananda image source: wikimedia commons Swami Vivekananda was one of the most influential spiritual leaders of India. He was the chief disciple of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. After passing his matriculation, Narendra studied philosophy. Doubts regarding the existence of God arose in his mind. In his quest to know the truth, Narendra met Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, who became his guru. After the passing away of his guru, Narendra founded the Ramakrishna Math, and vowed to lead the life of a monk. In 1890, Narendra acquired the name of Swami Vivekananda. Swami Vivekananda established The Sri Ramakrishna Mission in 1897, aiming to inspire self confidence among Indians. Vivekananda died on July 4th, 1902. Swami Vivekanand Quotes You cannot believe in God until you believe in yourself. - Swami Vivekanand
The hero or Uchun who prevented the Buddha from disappearing In the Sittwe town, Ye Kyaw Thu, a wealthy tycoon from Sittwe, is virtually unknown to the Rakhine people. Trained in the footsteps of his eldest son, Chan Tun, he was a famous legal scholar who influenced his influence, not only in Europe but also in Europe. U Ye Kyaw Thu and Daw Thida Phyu were the parents of 10 children. U Chan Tun U San Kyaw; Shwe Mann U Thazan They are Daw San Win, Daw San Myaing, Daw Shwe Khaing and Daw Shin Htwe. All six sons, including U Tun Tun, were educated at the British School at that time and were literate. U Shwe Ban, four brothers including U Tun Tun; U Shwe Thar U Thazan has earned a Barrister at Law degree. In 1881, the final year of his law degree, U Tun Tun studied the subject of Roman law, the field of law, and law. The Queen of Victoria won the Victorian Gold Medal with all the honors of the ancient English subjects. He was awarded excellence in every subject and was awarded £ 100 each. There was no other such award until U Htun Htun was honored until World War II when he returned to Rangoon to take the Queen Victoria Award and honor him. Remembering when he was a cyclist, he recalls standing on the bike and paying homage to his lawyer, U Kyaw Zan, the wife of Mrs. Ri Zanz (No. 28, Sanchaung, Aung Mingalar Road). The Queen of Victoria was surprised to find that she had such a wise child in her native colonial state: When he was called upon, the boy went to Arakanese, dressed in a traditional Rakhine long-sleeved shirt and turban. The Queen shook hands and hosted a tea party and Maung Chan Tun. He was awarded the Queen Victoria by himself, and the Queen’s Son and Royal Horse Rides were also given the opportunity to travel to the royal palace at any time. During his stay in England, U Tun Tun was a close friend of the famous writer Oscar Wilde. It was likely that he was talking about Arakanese, Arakanese culture and Arakanese history, and Oswald Wut was interested in Arakanese history and had collected books and books on Arakanese history, published in the UK, The King of Arakan. U Tun Tun also published the book The Nature and Value of Jurisprudence while in England, published by Messrs Sweet And Maswell. It is very popular in the UK and has been published for the third time. When he returned to Yangon, he wrote two Leading Cases in Burmese Law and two Burmese Buddhist law books. The two books are still being used as a manual in the Myanmar Justice Department. The Burmese Buddhist Law Book was kept secretly in his library by his father, Maung Thaz Zan (Judge – Nyein), the author of the Central High Court. The cover of the book is illustrated with the biography of U Chan Tun. In 1854, the British government planned to build a modern capital city of Yangon, and it was built to build a housing complex, which was then demolished by the Kyai Myat Choe Pagoda in Thu Gyi Pagoda. Do not miss all the monasteries in Rangoon pools out in the garden Lanmadaw posed during migration. (today, the name, and there are still many monasteries. Second upgraded roads to escape out of the way location Sule, who is now with other Change discussed. At the time British officials report within the next 50-100 years in Yangon become a world class city and the city offers up being surrounded whirl until high buildings, will be below the pillow was inappropriate reasons. Myanmar build custom portraits suitable move. To justify.
A samara is a type of fruit in which a flattened "wing" of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit that is bicarpellate (formed from two carpels) and indehiscent (not opening along a seam). The shape of a samara enables the wind to carry the seed away from the parent tree. A particular form of samara is sometimes called a key, where the papery sheath extends far out to one side so that the seed spirals as it falls. Trees with rounded samaras include the elms (genus Ulmus) and the hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata). Trees with the elongated keys include the maples (genus Acer) and the ashes (genus Fraxinus).
Monday, 2 January 2017 Both - Either - Neither Both - Either - Neither English Grammar We use botheither and neither to refer to two people or things. Both = the two; that one AND the other one; this one AND that one Both can be used as a pronoun to refer to two things that we have already mentioned. A: Do you want the blue shirt or the red one? B: I’ll buy both (= the blue shirt AND the red shirt = both shirts) Both X and Y = not only X but also Y Both + Adjective + and + Adjective He’s both tall and handsome.I’m both happy and confused at the same time!I have had a long, hard day and I’m bothtired and hungry. Both + Noun + and + Noun Both can be used with a singular noun + and + singular noun She speaks both English and Arabic.They have both a cat and a dog.He is both an actor and a director. We can also use Both + plural noun (see more below) She speaks both languages. Both or Both of? Both or Both of can be used without a difference in meaning though Both of is more common in the United States. Both (of) + determiner + plural noun You can use Both or Both of before a determiner (my, his, these, the etc.) and a plural noun. Both (of) my friends arrived late to class.Both of the wheels wobble too much.A prize was given to both of the players. When we use Both (without of), we drop the article the. Both of the parents were nervous.Both parents were nervous. Both of + Object Pronoun When using Both with an object pronoun (me, you, him, her, it, us them), we need the preposition OF before that pronoun. He has invited both us. (incorrect)He has invited both of us. (correct)I’ll take both of them. (correct)I need to speak to both of you. (correct) Verb + Object pronoun + both We can use both after an object pronoun I hope they invite us both (= I hope they invite both of us)Do you need them both? (= Do you needboth of them)The teacher sent them both to the principal’s office. To be + both Both comes after To Be (or an auxiliary such as have or modal verbs). He is both intelligent and agile.My sister and I are both ready for the trip.We were both happy with our exam results. Modal verb + both + verb My parents can both speak French.They should both try harder.My brothers would both be shocked if they knew the truth. Both + other verbs Both goes before the other verbs. If there is an accompanying auxiliary verb, then it goes in the middle of the two verbs (i.e. auxiliary + both + verb) We both wanted to stay in bed and not go to work.They both liked the surprise.My parents both work in the same building.They have both studied a lot. Both - Negative We don’t use both in negative structures. Instead, we normally use Neither. We don’t say: Both of them are not ready (incorrect)We say: Neither of them are ready (correct) No comments: Post a comment
The Gold and Emeralds of Ancient Egypt Some 5,000 years ago, ancient Egypt civilization began to take shape in the Nile River’s floodplain. These natural geologists and artisans not only made massive structures. They also fashioned intricate jewelry to wear both here and in the afterworld. They especially loved gold. It was plentiful in the eastern desert, and archaeologists have discovered many entombed treasures. This slideshow requires JavaScript. Cleopatra’s emerald mines are also famous, but diggers have unearthed relatively little ancient Egyptian emerald jewelry. Emeralds are abundant in Egypt, again, in the eastern desert, but it was mostly the Romans and Byzantines who mined them, not the pharaohs. This slideshow requires JavaScript. So why are there gold and emeralds in the desert east of the Nile? It’s a very violent, action-packed tale, believe it or not. The geology of Egyptian gold and emeralds The bedrock underlying Egypt is so old, it makes the pharaohs seem like youngsters. This rock started to form a billion years or so ago, when the first of a total of four major episodes (PDF) of mountain building and seafloor spreading began. There was a lot of this kind of stuff going on. USGS There was a lot of this going on, only even more complicated. USGS Few of these episodes were your basic continent-continent collision. It was more like the Earth played bumper cars for 400 million years with such things as island arcs, submarine plateaus, and microcontinents. One result of all this mayhem was a lot of very hot ground water circulating through faults in the rock. It was a steamy soup of dissolved gold, silicon, chromium, aluminum, beryllium, and other elements. As temperature and other factors changed, gold and minerals crystallized out into, among other things, gold- and emerald-bearing veins of quartz. A simplified map of what southern Egypt and northeast Sudan looked like after the Earth played bumper cars there. Source A simplified map of what southern Egypt and northeast Sudan looked like afterwards. Source Eventually things settled down. Starting about 520 million years ago, all that Precambrian rock and its treasures were slowly buried under alternating layers of sedimentary rocks and other debris, and then topped with the deep sands of the Sahara. Then people moved in, starting some 500,000 to 700,000 years ago. The ancient Egyptian dynasties began to take shape some 5,000 years ago, that is, five centuries before the 4500-year-old Great Pyramid was built. Let’s stop the text for a few minutes and take a boat ride down the First Cataract of the Nile, near Aswan, to see how it all looks today. You’ll see rounded blocks of gray-pink stone in the river that are rather boring compared to the dramatic cliffs in the background, but don’t be fooled. These boulders, smoothed by the flowing Nile, formed in primeval violence. The layered rocks behind and above them are the quiet ones – sedimentary rocks that settled into position slowly, grain by grain, over 520 million years. All aboard! As cataracts go, that’s a pretty quiet one, perhaps because of the nearby High Aswan Dam. Okay…the text will now resume. Ancient Egyptian quarries The earliest gold discoveries in the eastern Sahara probably happened when nomads and early Egyptians found gold nuggets in stream beds. With plenty of labor and a very organized social structure, people soon had the region divided up into three gold fields: • Koptos, in the center of the modern city of Qift • Wawat – the part of Nubia up to the First Cataract • Kush – lower Nubia between the First and Second Cataracts Using stone hammers and awls, ancient Egyptians dug down as much as 300 feet for gold, but they left behind no detailed mining records. A Greek writer in 2 BC, described them breaking up rock with hammers and with fire. They then crushed it in mortars and ground it into a powder that could be washed for gold dust. Some of these mines were over a hundred miles from the Nile – the only water source. At some point, therefore, they had to carry the quarried rock to the river. Of course, this wasn’t a problem for a society that was also chiseling massive chunks of limestone and sandstone out of cliffs and rafting them down the Nile to use in construction. However the old Egyptians got it, the gold dust was then melted down into nuggets. Artisans might build something big, like a pharaoh’s coffin, out of solid gold, but they were more likely to hammer the soft metal into fine sheets, some only 6 microns (0.006 mm) thick, that could be used to gild objects. The goldsmiths also made fine wires out of gold for cloisonne jewelry. Beautiful, beautiful cloisonne. Source Beautiful, beautiful cloisonne. Source Egypt’s emeralds, whether mined by the pharaohs or by their Roman and Byzantine conquerors, were found in a roughly 400-square-mile area of the southeastern Sahara. It was Europe’s only source of emerald until the Middle Ages, when better stones could be imported from India. The earliest known true emerald mine in Egypt goes back possibly to around the 4th century BC. It’s at Wadi Sikait, and together with six nearby mines, it forms the 70-square-mile Wadi Gimal emerald mine complex. The Romans called Wadi Gimal the Emerald Mountains. We know it today as Cleopatra’s Mines, although there are no Egyptian records that definitely connect her with the area. No one knows how the Egyptian emerald miners worked, but the Romans used flat chisels and pointed sticks to dig shallow, open trenches. Deeper tunnels and shafts in these trenches would then follow emerald-rich quartz veins down hundreds of feet. Gem crystals were probably cut out of the quarts with a sharp metal blade. It certainly also was a challenge to remove these rather fragile emeralds – full of inclusions and cloudy zones of weakness – without breaking them, let alone prepare them for jewelry. The ancient Egyptians apparently didn’t know how to polish and shape the hexagonal green beryl crystals they took out of the Earth. The Romans and Byzantines figured that out. The treasures of old Egypt include other gems, as well as ceramics and glass, but we will always remember the Land of the Pharaohs for its gold and for the legendary mines that supplied emeralds to the rich and powerful for many, many centuries. More information: One comment Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
~/imallett (Ian Mallett) Return to the Projects' Listing Project "Finger Game Oracle": The finger game was introduced to me by my sister. It appears to be a simple grade-school game, related to Chopsticks. Happily, this variation is not a forced win for either side. The rules are very simple. Each player has two hands, each with some number of fingers extended (begin with one on each). Players take turns. On your turn, you tap one of the opponent's hands with either one of yours. The opponent then adds the number of fingers on your hand to the number of fingers on his hand, modulo 5. When a hand gets 0 fingers, it is removed from future play (it can neither tap nor be tapped). The goal is to eliminate both hands of the opponent. You are not permitted to move fingers between hands. I invented my own notation to make descriptions less clumsy. Here are some simple examples: • [2.3]\|(1.4) Player 1 has 2 fingers on one hand and 3 on the other. Player 2 has 1 finger on one hand and 4 on the other. The braces indicate that it is player 1's turn. The periods indicate that the game outcome is unknown. • (2$3)\|[0 1] Player 1 has 2 fingers on one hand and 3 on the other. Player 2 has no fingers on one hand (and therefore this hand is eliminated from play) and 1 on the other. It is player 2's turn. The dollar/space symbols indicate that player 1 has a winning strategy. Notice that the order of the numbers in the braces doesn't matter. By (my) convention, the smaller number comes first, and all permuations are treated the same. An example game: 1. [1.1]\|(1.1) 2. (1.1)\|[1.2] 3. [1$3]\|(1.2) 4. (1 3)\|[2$2] 5. [0 1]\|(2$2) 6. (0 1)\|[2$3] 7. [0 3]\|(2$3) 8. (0 3)\|[1$2] 9. [0 0]\|(1$2) Neither player played optimally. The first two states (the same for any game) do not have a determined winner. However, player 2 makes an error, giving player 1 a winning strategy on state 3 (the correct move would have been to instead move to state [1.2]\|(1.2)). However, player 1 immediately makes an error of his own, giving a winning stategy to player 2. The game ends when player 2 eliminates both hands of player 1. This program implements an oracle for this game (that is, this game is now solved, and this is its (strong) solution). Essentially, it works by creating and filling a graph of the (relatively small) state space. A good number of possible states are actually unreachable as well. To use the oracle, start at the left and then follow the arrows. Usually they will go forward, but an occasional one will go backward (this is unavoidable; the state graph is not acyclic). Version 1.0.0 .zip file (2K) Source Requirements: Python (Tested versions: 2.6.6, 2.7.3, 2.7.11, 3.2.5, 3.3.0, 3.3.5, 3.4.4, 3.5.1) Ian Mallett - Contact - - 2019 - Creative Commons License
Ask Lafeber April 15, 2019 Color mutation I know parrots like cockatiels, parakeets, and lovebirds can get color mutations, but can cockatoos? Hi Adele, Color mutations are possible in all species of birds and mammals. It is caused by a gene flaw and varies with species. With birds and mammals that breed more easily in captivity, color mutations have been bred for, in spite of it being a flaw. Technically these birds or mammals are genetically weaker. But with generations of breeding some mutations, the animals are healthier. So this is why you see the mutations in so many bird species that readily breed in captivity. Cockatoos are one of the more difficult species to breed in captivity for many reasons. However, some mutations do exist but are likely very expensive or not for sale. I don’t think there are any color mutations in Cockatoos that are regularly bred or available in retail. You can try a Google image search and should be able to find pictures but of course understand that some of these photos have been manipulated digitally. Thank you for asking Lafeber, Subscribe to our newsletter

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