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International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) Antipersonnel landmines are explosives designed to detonate with a person’s presence, proximity, or contact. Underground, they can take decades to explode, without distinguishing whether the one who has approached is a soldier or a civilian. In 1997, five years after the International Campaign to Ban Antipersonnel Mines was created, the Mine Ban Treaty was passed. But there are still 61 countries and areas worldwide polluted by landmines. In addition, 33 countries have not signed the Treaty, despite fulfilling its key points.
How do you use technology in the classroom? Views: 540 Reply to This Replies to This Discussion I love seeing technology used, especially if you have visual or hands on learners. It can boost their confidence and encourage students that may not participate otherwise to be engaged in learning. Should their be an attempt to close the financial gaps in regards to technology in classrooms universally, even if the educators are unfamiliar with them? Or would that just lead to wasted tech? Having smartboards, an elmo and linked computers can work great if everyone uses them, but the same could be said about a VHS player and a few computers. This does leave students inexperienced with up to date tech, but if the teacher is not going to implement the technology very much (probably because they don't know how) then wouldn't they end up in the same boat? I believe that using a Promethean ActivBoard and having a computer lab in the classroom are very effective ways to integrate technology. I am all about creating an environment that encourages students to learn. I feel like students are more incline to try and learn when a teacher is able to make assignments fun and exciting. Students like to be involved and with the Promethean ActivBoard there are many ways for that to happen. There are many ways to use technology in the classroom. One way would be through current events. You could send your students to look up a current event article for your area. This would then aid them in the use of technology and keep them informed of what is happening around them. I am in collage right now for ESL education. And I have just been introduced to Smart boards They seem to be really useful, and all of the positive comments about them seem helpful, and I feel that If possible when I get into the classroom I should use one. Is there any draw backs to using them? One tool to consider if you're not tech-savvy, or if you have a tight budget, is Classcraft ( It's a browser-based role-playing game that teachers and students play together in the classroom, over any lesson plan or grade level, to foster engagement and teamwork. It's easy to learn, and all you need is a computer and a projector to get going! Win at School Commercial Policy © 2021 Created by Steve Hargadon. Powered by Badges \| Report an Issue \| Terms of Service
Skip to content What is Golden Week in Japan? What is Golden Week in Japan? You may have heard of Golden Week but what exactly is it? And why is it one of the busiest time of the year in Japan? Golden Week is basically a few public holidays grouped together within a span of roughly 1 week. The holidays comprised are: • APRIL 29 Showa Day: Honoring the Emperor Hirohito. • MAY 3 Constitution Memorial Day: Celebrates the Constitution of Japan in 1947. • MAY 4 Greenery Day: Originally to celebrate the Emperor's Birthday, but the name was changed to reflect the Emperor's love of plants. • MAY 5 Childrens Day: Otherwise known as "Boys day". Celebrates children's personalities and happiness. Since it is one of the longest holiday periods in the year, most people in Japan use this time to return home to visit their families or go travelling. This makes Golden Week a very busy time on Japan's trains, buses, roads and flights. So if you are considering coming to Japan around Golden Week, we suggest you plan ahead and book your accommodation early as well as reserving your train tickets where possible. Golden Week is here! And to celebrate we are taking 15% off every item in the store. Why not take the opportunity to stock up on some Furikake or get that Onigiri box you've always wanted. Use the code GW2017 during checkout to receive your discount. All orders placed after 1:00PM (JST) 2nd May will be processed and shipped on Monday, 8th May. Next article 2017 Chef Bento Finalists Ranking Announced Leave a comment * Required fields
Question: Which Vitamin Decreases Melanin? Does vitamin C reduce melanin? What causes melanin deficiency? Skin layers and melanin Vitiligo occurs when pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) die or stop producing melanin — the pigment that gives your skin, hair and eyes color. The involved patches of skin become lighter or white. It’s unclear exactly what causes these pigment cells to fail or die. Is melanin good or bad? What are the home remedies to increase melanin? Can bleach darken your skin? Facial bleach makes your skin appear fairer, but it only works on your hair and not the skin. The illusion of fairness after bleach can be seen only on people who have wheatish complexion. Moreover, sthese creams can only help you get rid of the tan, pigmentation marks and blemishes but not change your skin’s colour. What is melanin deficiency? Does the sun activate melanin? The sun’s rays contain two types of ultraviolet radiation that reach your skin: UVA and UVB. … UVA rays penetrate to the lower layers of the epidermis, where they trigger cells called melanocytes (pronounced: mel-an-oh-sites) to produce melanin. Melanin is the brown pigment that causes tanning. Does vitamin D increase melanin? Moreover, molecular studies have shown that vitamin D increases the tyrosinase content of melanocytes [4] and induces immature melanocytes in the bulge region of hair follicles to produce melanin [6]. What food decreases melanin? Which fruit is good for skin whitening? Can lack of vitamin D cause skin pigmentation? Vitamin D is an essential hormone synthesized in the skin and is responsible for skin pigmentation. Low levels of vitamin D have been observed in vitiligo patients and in patients with other autoimmune diseases. How can I reduce melanin permanently? Here are the natural remedies To reduce Melanin in the skin Permanently:Potato: Potatoes are the best source to encourage the growth of skin cells. … Avocado: Avocado is the best source of vitamin B and C for the body, along with this. … Lemon Juice: … Tomato: … Soy Milk: … Turmeric: … Aloe Vera:Jan 1, 2020 Which fruits and vegetables reduce melanin? Hi, Intake of foods that are rich in vitamins A, C,E and K are helpful in reducing the melanin production. The foods include Milk, butter, cheese, whole eggs, broccoli, spinach, carrots, pumpkin, can notaloupe, sweet potato, turnips and apricots are rich in vitamin-A. How can I get lighter skin? How can we increase melanin? Does melanin affect the brain? Physical properties and structure Neuromelanin gives specific brain sections, such as the substantia nigra or the locus coeruleus, distinct color. It is a type of melanin and similar to other forms of peripheral melanin. … It is believed to protect neurons in the substantia nigra from iron-induced oxidative stress. What does vitamin C do to melanin? Vitamin C helps to inhibit the enzyme tyrosinase, which helps to prevent melanin production. Plus, it significantly lightens pigmentation but does not lighten normal skin. Is there a melanin supplement? How does vitamin D affect melanin? Melanin, which causes skin pigmentation, lowers the skin’s ability to make vitamin D in response to sunlight exposure. Some studies show that older adults with darker skin are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. Does white skin melanin? Does more melanin mean less vitamin D? Skin pigmentation, i.e., melanin, absorbs the UVR that initiates vitamin D synthesis, and hence decreases the vitamin D that is made for a given exposure compared to less pigmented skin.
* Japanese school uniform : Historical trends -- seasonal conventions Japanese School Uniform: Seasonal Conventions Figure 1.--Most Japanese junior and senior high school students wear a uniform based on a 19th century Prussian 19th century military-styled school uniform. Primary school children that wear uniforms generally wear uniforms styled on English uniforms and European clothing popular after World War II. Only a few primary schools wear Prussian military styles. This Japanese school, for example, has Prussian styled caps. The grey shirts and shiorts have a Bew Zealznd look. Japan is a country in the north Pacific set on a north south axis. It is located at alittudes roughly cpmparable to the United States, but slightly more southerly. It thus has a temprtate climate with significant seasonal differences, although really severe winter weather is only experienced in the north and even that is more moderate than exprirnced in the northern United States and southern Canada. And like the United States there are substantial regional differences. Many but not all Japanese schools have seasonal uniforms or make seaonal adjustments. This of ourse only occurs at those schools with uniforms and is most common at private schools. At other schools it is up to the parents to decide. Some uniform schools have entirely different uniforms for summer and winter. The garments may be done in a lighter weight for the summer. Most schools make only minor changes such as adding sweaters and jackets to the summer school uniform. Most of this occurs at state primary schools. The secondary schools, as far as we can tell, have essentially the same uniforms for both summer and winter wear. Japan is a country in the north Pacific set on a northeast - soutwesth axis. It is located at lattiudes roughly cpmparable to the United States, but slightly more southerly. The area occupied by the Japanese islands is slightly smaller than the state of California, but more narrow and elongated. It extends 3,008 km (1,869 mi) NE - SW and 1,645 km (1,022 mi). This geography creates a greater seasonality than is the case for most countries. The five principal districts/islands are Hokkaido, Honshu (the main island), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa. Like the United States, because of the substantial lattitudinal range, there are substantial regional differences. Japan has a tempertate climate with significant seasonal differences, although really severe winter weather is only experienced in the north (Hokaido). Here winter uniforms are definitely needed. And even that is more moderate than exprirnced in the northern United States and southern Canada. But it does get chilly in the Winter and the summers are warm. In the extremne south (Okinawa) we find a semi-tropical climate rather like Florida where summer unifiorms can be worn year round. .Schools today are air conditions and well heated which makes an important difference. Non-uniform School Only a fraction, but a substantial fraction, of Japanese elementary schools require uniforms. There are generally no seasonal clothing rules at the schools without uniforms. It was left up to the parents to deal with the matter of seasonally appropriate clothing. Many Japanese parents until the 1980s generally saw short pants as the appropriate dress for boys. Thus seasonal wear meant adding sweaters, jackets, perhaps knee socks, and in really cold weather a heavy coat. Knee socks have declined in popularity over time, but we still see them to spme extent during the winter. Thus we see some boys wearing sweaters and coats with short pants during the winter. Some parents did but long pants for boys during the winter. The choice varied fom family to family. Long pants for school wear has increased over time. Long pants, especially for the winter, was most common in the northern island of Hokkaido. And short pants most commomn in the south. We are not sure to what extent the boys' preferences fitted into this family decesion. Probably it was mnot a major factor when most boys wore shorts, but became more important as we see larger numbers of boys wearing long pants. Uniform Schools Many of the Japanese schools which require uniforms have seasonal requirements. We do not yet have detailed information on the different seasonal adjustments. The approach to seasonality varies at Japanese primary schools. Japan has both primary schools that have uniforms and others that do not hve uniforms. While at the non-uniform schools the seasonal clothing changes are left up to the parents discretion. At the uniform schools it is quite differnt. The most common is to wear jackets during the colder months. Generally the boys wear short pants whether it is winter or summer. The boys might commonly wear kneesocks rather than ankle socks in the winter. Younger boys might wear tights at some schools.Many of these schools have destinct summer and winter uniforms and a time table as to when the shift takes place, a schedule that often does not precisely follow the vageries of actual weather conditions. The schools vary as to how closely they enforce the schedule. Some schools are very strict, others less so. Even in the schools that strictly enfore the uniform regime, often it is left to the parents as to whether the boys wear their overcoats during the winter. A Japanese reader reports, "Many Japanese schools will shift all at once from the summer to the winter uniform and then back (common shift dates are October 1 and June 1). Some schools seem to permit a period of a month or so (months of October and May , for example) in which either uniform is acceptable. Gyosei seems to shift all at once; even though the weather had turned coolish by the time this picture was taken. However, one of the boys is wearing a sweater and there seems to be no objection to that. Sweaters are okay, but long pants under no circumstances would be acceptable at elite uniformed boysschools in Japan until the boy enters middle school, not even on the coldest of winter days." Individual Schools It is the private schools that have the most destinctive seasonal uniforms. One school for example has inter uniform of peaked cap, white shirt, red tie, and a grey short pants suits with an optional overcoat. For the summer, the shorts, socks, and shoes are the same but there is no tie, no jacket, and a short-sleeved white shirt. Instead of the poeaked cap, a typical Japanese summer primary uniform white, round hat. Note that in the image here that the boy in the sweater shows the effect of contemporary boys street fashions with long baggy shorts (figure 1). His knees and calves are tanned, but his upper legs are much paler. He clearly spent the summer in the contemporary knee-length shorts. One sometimes encounters the two-toned leg effect at the end of the summer when boys go back into the trim, snug shorts that characterize school uniforms. (opposite of what a British contributor noted in the spring at his school when boys shifted out of knee into ankle socks -- then it was the upper legss that were tanned and the calves that were pale.). Related Chronolgy Pages in the Boys' Historical Web Site Navigate the Boys' Historical Clothing School Uniform Pages [Return to the Main Japanese School Uniform Page] [Australia] [England] [France] [Germany] [Ireland] [Italy] [New Zealand] [Scotland] [United States] Related Style Pages in the Boys' Historical Web Site Navigate the HBC Scoll Section Page [Return to Main school uniform page] [About Us] [Images] [Links] [Registration] [Tools] [Return to the Historic Boys' School Home] Created: January 17, 2003 Last updated: 12:15 PM 8/25/2020
Can Time-Traveling Guts Cure What Ails Us? VISION: Sample and log people’s intestinal bacteria, so that if they get sick they can restore their gut microbiome to its former healthy state. TEAM: Yuxin Cheng, Arian Ghousi, Ignacio Garnham, Juliette Van Haren SCHOOL: Parsons School of Design (2018) There are trillions of microbes in our bodies—bacteria, yeasts, and viruses—that keep us healthy. Every human’s microbiome is unique, though it may change over time. In fact, babies are inoculated with microbes in utero even before entering the world and we continue to diversify our microbiomes throughout our lives. Keeping one’s gut in equilibrium with the right mix of microbes is essential to maintaining immunity and a healthy metabolism. If microbial populations fall out of balance—a side effect of antibiotics treatment, chemotherapy, or even long-term travel—people can experience skin allergies, gastrointestinal illnesses, or even type 2 diabetes. But there is evidence that some people who are very ill can return to health if balance is restored to their guts. Students from Parsons School of Design considered how to build something like a hard drive for the large intestine—creating backups in case a person gets sick. The result was a speculative “microbial time machine” called Bactoyou that easily collects and sequences the microbial makeup of a person’s gut and stores the data in a report. To start the process, users self-sample while in the bathroom by using a collection pad and a sequencing machine placed beside the toilet paper. After the microbial DNA from the feces is sequenced, users would be able to review stored reports and order customized pills containing the same mix of bacteria that lived in their gut at healthier moments in their lives. In a video, the Bactoyou team describes a user’s journey: “Mary gets a bacterial infection and is prescribed antibiotics. Over the course of her treatment, she gradually loses parts of her bacterial community. Mary scrolls through past reports in her Bactoyou app and places an order for bacterial supplement pills, customized to her gut microbiome.” Your participation enriches the conversation Cite this Article Cheng, Yuxin, Arian Ghousi, Ignacio Garnham, Juliette Van Haren. “Can Time-Traveling Guts Cure What Ails Us?” Issues in Science and Technology (April 9, 2021).
• Adj. Many religions believe in an omnipotent being that is all-powerful. This omnipotent being, often considered to be a god, has unlimited abilities. The belief system of Yoga states that yogis as well are capable of becoming omnipotent or godlike in their abilities, with the restriction of not being able to create worlds. Quiz: What does it mean to be omnipotent? • It means to be extremely wise. • It means to be widespread. • It means to have complete power. Memory Hook Omnipotent Om The syllable om is said to be omnipotent or very potent because it represents the entire Universe. • In Japan, a society built upon expectations met, no one expects a former sumo wrestler, especially a grand champion, to violate the rules of the omnipotent Sumo Association. —Sports Illustrated • Twitter seemed omnipotent—certainly more so than the Iranian police, the United Nations, the U.S. government, and the European Union. —NPR Word Ingredients omni- all potent capable, powerful One who is omnipotent is “all powerful.” Word Constellation
blog daily lfe Infertility Awareness INFERTILITY FAQ Infertility Myths Oasis – Fertility treatments lead to twins Oasis – Fertility treatments lead to twins Fertility treatments lead to twins, triplets, or more Multiple births are very common in pregnancies achieved with fertility treatments. More babies are born as twins, triplets, quadruplets, or more using assisted reproductive technology such as IVF than naturally. Across ages, the chances of having multiple pregnancies using IVF are around 30 percent. A large majority of these end up being twins. The odds heavily depend on the number of embryos transferred in IVF and the number of eggs released during ovulation in IUI. While the number of eggs released in IUI cannot be controlled, the number of embryos transferred in IVF can be. Chances of having twins of multiples through IUI The procedure of IUI is not what causes the increased chances of having multiples. The drugs that prepare the mother for the procedure might be the reason. Drugs like Clomiphene citrate and letrozole are prescribed to stimulate ovulation. These drugs are given to help the woman produce more eggs to ensure that at least one of these would fertilize and lead to a successful pregnancy. If more than one egg is released and fertilized and implanted, it may lead to multiple gestations. Gonadotropins like the follicle-stimulating hormone can also result in twins or multiples. Chances of multiples through IVF While drugs also play an important part in increasing the odds of having multiples through IVF, it is the number of embryos that are transferred that determines the chances of having multiples. When two or more embryos are transferred and implanted, they will lead to pregnancy with fraternal twins. Even if a single embryo is transferred, it can split into two and grow as identical twins. The chances of the latter happening are too little. Risks of carrying multiples in a pregnancy Carrying multiples in pregnancy can be risky irrespective of if they were conceived naturally or via fertility treatments. The risks associated with multiples in pregnancy include low birth weight, premature birth, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, preeclampsia, and placenta previa. The babies born as multiples also risk having birth defects and cerebral palsy though it is seen rarely. These risks are much higher for multiples than singletons born through fertility treatments. If the baby is premature or has a low birth weight, it can lead to a set of other health risks. The risks also depend on the background biology of the parents. Is single embryo transfer the best way to avoid the risks? Prominent medical institutions recommend going for single embryo transfer in an IVF cycle because multiple pregnancies pose a plethora of risks for both the mother and the babies. But many still go for multiple embryo transfers for various reasons like to increase the chances of a successful pregnancy, to avoid increased expenses, and to decrease the emotional toll. Most of the patients wish to have three or more embryos transferred. Each cycle of IVF can be expensive and the patients wish to become pregnant in one try. But with today’s improved technology ensures that the success rates of a single embryo transfer and multiple embryo transfers are more or less the same. Talk to your Oasis Fertility Specialist to know more about the chances and risks of having multiple pregnancies. Write a Comment
Excessive packaging waste: What is sustainable packaging? Excessive packaging waste: What is sustainable packaging? Less is more regarding shipping materials and packaging. The unchecked growth in population and a rise in the global economy have affected our environment badly. We are constantly depleting the natural resources of our planet and left with no option except to opt for eco-friendly practices to save our mother nature from disaster. Going green is the only choice to survive and grow businesses these days. Consumers are much aware of the environmental conditions and they would prefer to go with those brands that aim to protect the environment. For brands, it is not just nice to go for green marketing but it is their utmost need to promote eco-friendly and sustainable packaging. The use of plastic is a total NO to avoid polluting our land and oceans as it takes years to decompose. The excessive packaging waste is further harmful to our environment. That’s why consumers demand more eco-friendly products and that too with much sustainable packaging. If you want to compete and excel in your business you need to adopt these demands for exponential growth and to outreach your competitors easily. Paper deodorant box What is sustainable packaging? Sustainable packaging is defined as the packaging which reduces its environmental impact over time and is also safe to use for people and the surrounding environment. For long enough we are aware of these words; Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, but for now, you need to understand that your brand must value these terms to prove its worth among consumers. There are a number of ways to attain sustainable packaging: • First, use 100% raw or recycled materials. • Keep an eye on your production process and try to lower the carbon footprint. • Rethink your packaging and improvise it for reusability. But sustainable packaging doesn’t always come in handy as you need to take care of social factors alongside eco-factors. Business needs to understand that it may cost higher but in the long run, it will prove to be very profitable for them and the environment too. People are more interested in buying eco-friendly products. The sustainable packaging coalition offers a perfect roadmap to certify sustainable packaging. They give proper criteria to follow for a certain brand to get its label of sustainable packaging. Now more and more brands are following these criteria to gain the trust of their consumers and to grow their business. Sustainable packaging for shipping or shipping material: Instead of shipping in huge boxes, you can use eco-mailers to deliver the product. It will save you both space and money. Embed seeds in your packaging material so if people throw them out they will grow new plants and prove to be eco-friendly. Flaunt your sustainable approaches in your marketing campaigns so people know that you care for the environment and they’ll value your effort. Just like the environment, your body needs natural products with less waste material to do more harm than use. And if you’re looking for a zero waste or eco-friendly deodorant you’re at the perfect place. We at papercosmetics.com will make sure to give you sustainable products with paper deodorant packaging. Why do we choose to have paper tube deodorant than plastic? Just like lipsticks, deodorants have a creamy texture and they contact directly with your body. You need to take much more care of the ingredients and packaging material than any other product. We know people want to take care of mother nature but they also want to flaunt their fashionista choices and looks and so they need to make careful decisions while choosing any product. Usually for deodorants packaging glass material is used but we want something more durable and easily portable. And there comes the idea of using paper tube deodorants. Paper tube packaging comes with a whole package of being least expensive, renewable, and obviously the cute looks. And what would be better than having a biodegradable option? It is perfect I guess. Benefits of paper tube deodorant packaging: Apart from being eco-friendly, budget-friendly, and biodegradable, the paper tube deodorants are natural deodorants that mean they don’t have any harmful chemicals to protect the skin from any allergic reactions. Moreover, the push type paper deodorant tube offers a great deal of moving the deodorant up to the level to apply it easily. Paper tube packaging is made of 100% raw material which is recyclable. The material used for paper deodorant packaging: The material used for the packaging of paper tube deodorants is Cardboard. Yes, it’s 100% eco-friendly, biodegradable, ethical, and sustainable to suit best as a packaging material. Cardboard is organic and it can hold much pressure to keep your product safe inside. You can also use double or triple-layered cardboard boxes for better safety. A plus point is you can make boxes of any size and any shape with these cardboards. All you have to do is to take care of your product’s nature and you can craft a packaging design yourself. It offers a great range of possibilities to do experiments with the designs and choose the best one. For our deodorants cylindrical or tube packaging is the best possible design that matches your brand’s reputation. Furthermore, you can also print beautiful designs or logos to make them more attractive and appealing. If we summarize our whole discussion, adopting eco-friendly choices is no more an option; it's the ultimate demand of the consumers, and brands need to follow it whether they like it or not. From a marketing point of view, most of the brand uses these sustainable or environmental-friendly logos just as a PR stunt as they know the psyche of their customers. They play with the words to take their business on the edge of making profits. But here we make sure that we ship with recycled paper eco-mailers (not boxes) and do not include filling materials or marketing inserts to get it to the customer door. We make sure that we deliver what we promised to gain the trust of our customers and to make sure that our environment is also safe.
Commemorated for its association with the full extent and impact of the Klondike Gold Rush from 1896 to 1910. Dawson Historical Complex NHS is located in Dawson City, 541 km north of Whitehorse on the Klondike Highway. Print version (PDF, 461Kb) In August 1896, gold was discovered on Rabbit Creek, later named Bonanza. When word reached the outside world, the Klondike Stampede began. Over 100,000 people started out for the Klondike goldfields and some 30,000 actually reached Dawson City in the summer of 1898. At this time Dawson City was the largest centre west of Winnipeg and north of Seattle. A modern community quickly emerged at the junction of the Yukon and Klondike Rivers. Dawson City became the supply and service centre for the miners and was capable of providing the newcomers with all that they needed from champagne to oranges. It became obvious during the Gold Rush that there was an immediate need for the enforcement of Canadian law and the firm administration of Canadian policies. To address this issue the Canadian government established the Yukon Territory and a large civil service was soon in place. Dawson became the centre that provided the administrative and legal role for the running of a mining community and a territory. The decline of Dawson City was almost as rapid as its rise and with the development of industrial mining, the days of the individual miner was over. Though the population declined, those who stayed remained optimistic. Between 1899 and 1905, Dawson passed from a frontier town to a sophisticated community and was truly the "Metropolis of the North", a rival to any city in the south of similar size. Dawson remained the service and supply centre for an industrial region and the commercial and administrative headquarters of the Yukon until the mid 1950s. Dawson's survival as a community was the result of years of mining activity by the Yukon Consolidated Gold Corporation and its fleet of dredges. Nonetheless, the town and the economy continued to erode slowly over the decades. It was in response to this gradual decline that Parks Canada became involved in the late 1950's. Over the next 30 years, Parks acquired and stabilized designated structures and artifacts. Today, the Dawson Historical Complex is a vibrant historic community. Reasons for national historic significance Dawson Historical Complex protects over 17 buildings that are associated with the story of the Klondike Gold Rush. The site reflects the social, economic and political features that shaped the Yukon region over the last century. Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, 1967-1982 Gold was discovered on Bonanza Creek. Joe Ladue staked out a town site at the confluence of the Yukon and Klondike River. Word reached the outside about the gold strike. The settlement of Dawson consisted of a tent town surrounding Joe Ladue's saloon and sawmill. In all 100,000 people set out for the Klondike, but only 30,000 actually reached Dawson. The Yukon became a territory and Dawson became its capital. Over 300 businesses opened their doors from saloons and dance halls to hardware and grocery stores to dress shops and blacksmiths. The population of Dawson began to dwindle with the rush to the gold fields of Nome, Alaska and the development of large dredge companies and corporate mining. Dawson took on the look of a permanent Edwardian community. It was a city of churches, theatres, newspapers, sophisticated municipal services and a vast number of shops and stores. Dawson City was incorporated as a city and the Canadian government erected a number of public buildings. Dawson's population had declined to less than 1 000 people. Seventeen buildings in Dawson City were designated nationally significant. Learn more Dawson City, Yukon Visit Dawson Historical Complex National Historic Site
Opinion: Plant cytokinesis: Terminology for structures and processes Cell division in plants is a structurally beautiful process that involves striking and dynamic changes in the cytoskeleton, endomembranes, and nucleus. However, as authors Smertenko et al. observe, “Current plant cytokinesis terminology was developed using data generated by fluorescence microscopy of live or fixed cells, electron microscopy of chemically or cryofixed cells, and genetic strategies,” so some structures and processes have multiple names. In this Opinion article, the authors (a who’s who of plant cell biologists) propose a new, standardized terminology. Furthermore, in introducing this terminology, the article provides a nice overview of the process of cytokinesis in plant cells. Trends Plant Sci. 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.08.008
Safety & well-being instructions for field work By Ethan Pang A number of things should be noted by the field assistant for one’s safety and well-being, due to the fact that field trips will be conducted in various types of forests, where wildlife encounters are a possibility. 1. Follow the instructions given by the team leaders. 2. All team members should stick together during hikes and at least 2 persons shall sit at a listening post. 3. Do not separate from the group unless you are accompanied by another team member. If being alone is necessarily (i.e. toilet break), you must inform another team member. 4. If you are separated from the group in the forest, without walkie-talkie in your hands, nor phone reception, you can shout “wooohooo” to get the attention of other team members. Do not call them by name. Make sure everybody is aware of this kind of calling. 5. Do not litter in the forest – all rubbish is to be kept and discarded later (when back at the field station/ village). 6. Do not remove any forest products: rattan, herbal plants, fruits, minerals, animal products. 7. Do not attempt to poach (shoot, snare, poison, etc), use dynamite, or breakup any land for cultivation or any other purpose. 8. Do not cut, mark, ring or tap any tree. 9. Wear a life jacket while travelling on boat. 10. Be aware of possible fast currents when swimming in a forest rivers, or depth of a lake. 11. Do not use soap, toothpaste or any foam-producing agents that pollutes the river. Use environmental-friendly (non-foaming) alternatives. For more info, click this link: Environmental-Legislation-for-Forestry-Protection 1. Always boil the river water before consumption – do not drink untreated water (to prevent Leptospirosis or food poisoning). 2. Keep the door of the tent closed when unattended to prevent animals from entering. 3. Keep the air vent on the roof of the tent covered when unattended for long periods of time. 4. Avoid bringing foods that need oil to be cooked – this creates less hassle when it comes to cleaning. 5. Use the toilet or bury human waste on land, not in the river.
Private sex date germany Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic, Paul von Hindenburg, on 30 January 1933.The NSDAP then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power.The Germanic peoples were considered by the Nazis to be the master race, the purest branch of the Aryan race.Discrimination and persecution against Jews and Romani people began in earnest after the seizure of power.Christian churches and citizens that opposed Hitler's rule were oppressed, and many leaders imprisoned.Education focused on racial biology, population policy, and fitness for military service.Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. Racism, especially antisemitism, was a central ideological feature of the regime.We understand why you are blocking ads, but just know it compromises your site experience (features may break or not appear entirely) and prevents us from investing in the Future of Porn.Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 19, when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party (NSDAP) controlled the country through a dictatorship.The first concentration camps were established in March 1933.Jews and others deemed undesirable were imprisoned, and liberals, socialists, and communists were killed, imprisoned, or exiled. Search for Private sex date germany: Private sex date germany-65Private sex date germany-5 Leave a Reply One thought on “Private sex date germany”
Tangible manifestations of the colonial project Representing the direct physical results and positive influence that Western development had on the colonies, collected objects, written travel narratives, scientific drawings all allowed the government to encourage public political support for continued colonization in an age of increasing disillusionment After a three-week break, I am returning to this series on “universal” museums and the issue of cultural restitution. When we left off, I was talking about cabinets of curiosities as the precursor to museums. In terms of chronological development, we have now reached the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The first overseas empires had begun to flourish. Within the realm of the colonial project, curio collecting was followed by the acquisition of trophies, identified by European travelers as objects relating mostly to hunting and weaponry. While serving as tangible expressions of the impulse to penetrate, conquer, and dominate, they were simultaneously regarded as objects of natural history or ethnography. The construction of objects in ethnographic contexts, prioritizing the scientific description and classification of peoples and their customs, contrasted the primary, metropolitan, and dominant West with the inferior, “primitive,” and exotic colonies — a way of defining the superior “Self” against a much less civilized “Other.” This impulse toward scientific classification and organization coincided with the introduction of two new disciplines: Antiquarianism and Archeology. Antiquarianism (from the Latin antiquaries, “pertaining to ancient times”) is broadly definable as a multi-disciplinary interest in the study of old and rare objects, produced by earlier peoples and civilizations, in order to get at the customs, art, and society behind them. It is not yet History, but it involves a groping search for History. Archaeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture, involving surveying and excavating to uncover architecture and artefacts on or below the surface. In time, it was Antiquarianism that gave rise to Archeology as a much more rigorous, scientific discipline, and came to be replaced by it during the Enlightenment. As approaches to categorization and periodization, Antiquarianism and Archeology interacted in opening up colonial or semi-colonial countries to non-military Western exploration. The earlier cabinets of curiosity had primarily sought to awe and inspire their viewers with their exoticism. Now the overriding ambition of collectors became the organization of knowledge. Taxonomies and assemblages, and the relationships forged between Europe and objects brought over from overseas, attested to a new process of creating meaning. The “Great Ages” theory used a developmental approach based on technology to identify the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. This way of looking at material evidence assumed continuous upward progress. Initially, and for a long time, such progress was regarded as unique to, indeed identical with, Western civilization. Hence it also became the root of primitivism — the notion that those who hadn’t reached the same stages as the West were essentially, intrinsically inferior. Learning and ideological prejudice went hand in hand. While it is now (almost universally) acknowledged that development doesn’t happen synchronically all over the world, at the time Antiquarianism and Archeology proved extremely valuable not only for accumulating immense knowledge, but also for disseminating racial theories of Western superiority. Another product of the time was the learned society. This was an informal group, a circle, and eventually a formal organization specifically dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge. It was typically made up of noblemen and scholars who promoted collecting, discussion, and experimentation — including directly sponsoring excavations and the retrieval of artefacts from the colonies. Some of these societies got going as early as the sixteenth century, though better-known examples date from later years, such as the Royal Society in London (1660), the Academy of Sciences in Paris (1666), and the Society of Dilettanti (1734). Members of such societies also gave rise to another tradition by taking part in the Grand Tour. This, in turn, was a long trip through Europe by upper-class young men of sufficient means and rank, which increasingly became customary as a marker of their coming of age. The Grand Tour flourished from about 1660 until the advent of large-scale rail transport in the 1840s, and served as an educational rite of passage. Though it was primarily associated with the British nobility and landed gentry, it also involved the wealthy youth of other northern Protestant nations. By the mid-eighteenth century, the Grand Tour had become a regular feature of aristocratic education in Central Europe, too. The primary value of the tour lay in exposing young men to the cultural legacy of Classical Antiquity and the Renaissance, as well as to the fashionably polite society of the continent. Less frivolously, it provided the only opportunity for many young scholars and artists to view various works of art and architecture. But thereby, they also provided a bedrock for Westerners to construct their sense of “Self” (and hence also their understanding of the “Other”) during a politically sensitive period of surging colonialism, imperialism, and the formation of national identity. Metin Kutusu: The Dilettanti Society, by Joshua Reynolds, 1777-1778. Oil on canvas, 197 x 142 cm. This was the beginning of a movement that, through the collections assembled and the promotion of their contents, contributed much to the formation of museums in the modern meaning of the term. European travelers spent more and more time in the Eastern Mediterranean world — the former Ottoman Empire. Not only did they bring back souvenirs and artefacts, but they also drew, wrote, and published their accounts; their publications became artefacts in themselves rather than passive windows into the past. A lot of early taxonomical and archeological work can be tied to these voyages, often undertaken by members of societies like the Dilettanti. Thus over 1749-1751 the antiquarians Robert Wood, John Bouverie, and James Dawkins undertook an expedition to the ancient sites of the Eastern Mediterranean which had hitherto been considered inaccessible to eighteenth-century tourists. Though Bouverie died in 1750, Wood and Dawkins continued to Syria and the Levant to visit the remains of Baalbek and Palmyra. Earlier antiquarian work had portrayed only the most picturesque views of such ancient sites. Wood went a step further, measuring and recording proportions of columns and fragments of friezes and ceilings (see the header image as well as below). This was a pioneering approach to antiquarianism, influencing not only antiquarians but also architects in Britain and France throughout the late-eighteenth century, as well as leading into early scientific archaeology. It became a generational phenomenon. Metin Kutusu: The Ruins of Palmyra, Otherwise Tedmor, in the Desert, Robert Wood, 1753. Engraving, 57.2 x 38.1 x 7.6 cm (book measurements). Yet another contemporary manifestation of the colonial project in Europe was the world fair. Such international exhibitions originated in the French tradition of national exhibitions. They culminated with the French Industrial Exposition of 1844 in Paris, which as its name reveals already embodied the impact of the industrial revolution. It was followed by other national exhibitions in continental Europe and the United Kingdom, and the best known “first World’s Fair” was held in 1851 in the Crystal Palace built for this purpose in Hyde Park, London. The Great Exhibition, as it is often called, is regarded as the first international display of manufactured products, focusing on trade, and displaying technological inventions and innovations. A special subset of these fairs, known as colonial exhibitions, also came into play, initially with a view to boosting trade. From the 1870s, i.e. in the age of the New Imperialism, including especially the Scramble for Africa, such colonial exhibitions acquired the added aim of raising popular support for various imperial ventures. But a general world fair also had its fair share of colonial propaganda and special exhibitions. For instance, the Exposition Universelle of 1889, held in Paris from May 6 to October 31, featured, together with the Eiffel Tower, examples of “exotic” habitations and villages from around the world, including the Rue de Caire (Cairene Street), a Javanese village, and reconstructions of houses from other villages in Senegal and Benin, complete with their costumed residents. Metin Kutusu: Drawings made of the Senegalese Village in the 1889 Exposition Universelle, Paris. In the eighteenth and especially the nineteenth centuries, world fairs and national exhibitions became ways for nations to display their wealth and advancement, with colonialism as a major corollary. The same hierarchies of power and wealth were then transferred to the museum setting. Objects collected from the colonies were, in time, transformed from exotic tokens to symbols of colonial accomplishment and justifications of Empire. Trophies, travel narratives and souvenirs, everything that was brought in by antiquarianism and archeology, as well as scholarly publications and scientific drawings, went further than simply representing the physically distant colonies in a tangible way. They also acted as living witnesses to the efficacy of the civilizing mission. Representing the directly physical, indisputably positive impact that the West was said to be having on the Rest, they allowed the government to muster public support for continued colonization against increasing disillusionment. The next link in this chain of education and colonial/national self-legitimation would be the public museum. Önceki İçerikİstanbul’da iş kontrolden çıktı, 2-3 hafta kapanma şart Sonraki İçerikUyanır bakarsınız ki mavi
Basic notions 15 2. Also, from the deﬁnition it is clear that it is closed under multiplication. 4 CHAPTER 1. The sets Q, R, and C are also groups with respect to the operation of addition of numbers. Basics of Group Theory9 1. Point groups 12 5. Normal subgroups11 4. Representation Theory I15 1. Characters 19 2. 1.2 Examples of groups The set of integers Z, equipped with the operation of addition, is an example of a group. 1.⁄ Show that, by requiring the existence of an identity in a group G, it is su–cient to require only a left identity, ea= a, or only a right identity ae= a, for every element ain G, since these two quantities must be equal. The current module will concentrate on the theory of groups. Preface ... group with inﬁnitely many ends, then G splits as a graph of groups with ﬁnite edge–groups. GroupTheory PUP Lucy Day version 8.8, March 2, 2008 Chapter One Introduction This monograph offers a derivation of all classical and exceptional semisimple Lie algebras through a classiﬁcation of “primitive invariants.” GROUP THEORY 3 each hi is some gﬁ or g¡1 ﬁ, is a subgroup.Clearly e (equal to the empty product, or to gﬁg¡1 if you prefer) is in it. Finally, since (h1 ¢¢¢ht)¡1 = h¡1t ¢¢¢h ¡1 1 it is also closed under taking inverses. I discuss, somewhat in the manner of a tourist guide, free groups, presentations of groups, periodic and locally ﬁnite groups, Groups de nitions9 2. There is no general theory of inﬁnite groups, and group theorists have imposed various ﬁnite-ness conditions on their groups. Non-special transformations13 Lecture 3. Subgroups 10 3. Group Theory. Group Theory Lecture Notes Hugh Osborn latest update: November 9, 2020 Based on part III lectures Symmetries and Groups, Michaelmas Term 2008, revised and extended at various times subsequently. For inﬁnite groups, such a focus is much more difﬁcult to obtain. 3. Lectures on Geometric Group Theory Cornelia Druţu and Michael Kapovich. Books Books developing group theory by physicists from the perspective of particle physics are In this book we provide two proofs of the above theorem, which, while quite Group Theory Problem Set 2 October 16, 2001 Note: Problems marked with an asterisk are for Rapid Feedback. Orthogonality theorem17 Lecture 4. Lecture 2. Schur’s lemmas16 3. GroupTheory PUP Lucy Day version 8.8, March 2, 2008. Representation Theory II19 1. Apart permutation groups and number theory, a third occurence of group theory which is worth mentioning arose from geometry, and the work of Klein (we now use the term Klein group for one of the groups of order 4), and Lie, who studied transformation groups, that is transformations of … Conjugate classes.
View this email in your browser October 2020 Living Treaties by Rebecca Thomas They said they were irrelevant, not worth the paper they were written on. They were simply pawns to bond us to the monarchy, to control the anarchy, to establish a patriarchy and take away our unceded lands, confine us to bands that were set aside and reserved. The legality of those agreements was deferred, preserved and archived, but like us, they survived the passage of time until they were once again spied by Mi’kmaw eyes. Learning about our histories is long overdue. Much like a refracted pebble in a pond, the perspective has always been slightly askew. What we believed to be crystal clear, an affirmation, our best intentions, to secure the future of the next seven generations, was written down in a foreign language— not our Native communication— and thus, the intended meaning of our words was lost in translation. And therein lies the keystone of this cultural bridge: there were treaties that were signed in peace and friendship, but they were treaties that implied a Mi’kmaw stewardship, a reciprocal relationship. 1752 needs to be annually revisited and reaffirmed to confirm that we are the original inhabitants of this land, our ancestral hood. Because it’s not just what was written on parchment, but how it was meant to be understood. The treaties still matter! They are not simply smatterings of ink, they are promises, words to make you think and take you to the brink of your privilege. Time after time, our treaties were denied, and perhaps they could have died if not for the individuals who took up the fight to assert our Indigenous rights. Grand Chief Gabriel Sylliboy* was not to be toyed with. Armed with only his knowledge and poor English, he took to the courts. The reports say it didn’t end well. That as a savage, he was at a disadvantage when entering his plea. But from what I know, I disagree. He fought for what he believed. I heard that when he spoke, there was total silence. His voice would move even the leaves on the trees. He was the spark that ignited our fire. Our cases we took to the courts, higher and higher! In 1982 the constitution recognized, then made them into law in 1985. See, we knew all along that Sylliboy committed no crime. What he started set the stage for 1999: enter Donald Marshall Junior. DMJ took on the Crown twice. The first time stole eleven years of his life. Once again, a Mi’kmaw man was asserting his rights, and Marshall became an unlikely hero to the treaty plight. With his actions came the Marshall Decision— but not without certain conditions. Because we still live in a colonized world, there was an unprecedented second decision, a “clarification” and “elaboration,”* but still, an historical occasion. Because before him, it was a case-by-case basis. And with each victory taken, the province preferred negotiations to litigation. They still continued on with intimidation. And while they were hoping for Mi’kmaw pacification and placation, we were beefing up Mi’kmaw education. And once those floodgates were opened, there was no stopping the Mi’kmaq Nation. Because we understand there is no such thing as Mi’kmaw standardization. We quit playing games the moment Cornwallis signed that proclamation. Flashback to 1990 when the province retreated. Before they began, they were completely defeated. They walked straight out of the courtroom; it had charged the wrong group of L’nus for traditionally hunting some traditional food. A little birdie informed them and told them they would lose, that their argument was hollow. (In fact it was a msikue’j, otherwise known as a sparrow.)* The treaties are still alive. They continue to help us thrive. They are built into our family dynamic. They’ve imprinted themselves on our Native genetics. They are prophetic in their esthetic, charismatic, democratic, and systematic, but never meant to wreak havoc. It isn’t our fault that many of you find them so traumatic. Most importantly of all, they are not solely ours to rise up beyond the level of equal. You tend to forget, two sides signed those sacred documents. We are all treaty people. Gabriel Sylliboy was the first elected Grand Chief of the Mi’kmaq Grand Council (1918). In 1927 he was arrested in Unama’ki, otherwise known as Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, for off-season hunting and possession of pelts outside of the Whycocomagh reserve where he lived. He argued that the 1752 Peace and Friendship Treaty recognized the right of his people to freely hunt and fish on traditional territories. The judge in this case stayed the conviction, arguing that the Mi’kmaq “were never regarded as an independent power” and for this reason the treaty had no authority. In 2017, the Supreme Court of Canada issued Sylliboy a free pardon posthumously. In August 1993, Donald Marshall Jr. was arrested and charged under the Federal Fisheries Act for “illegal” eel fishing in the offseason. He was found guilty on three charges in provincial court. The Supreme Court of Canada reversed the charges in September 1999, in recognition of the hunting and fishing rights promised in the Peace and Friendship Treaties, signed between the Mi’kmaq, Wolastoqiyik, and Peskotomuhkati in 1760–1761. These treaty rights, which apply to Mi’kmaq in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, PEI, the southern coast of Newfoundland, and Quebec’s Gaspé region, are protected today under the Constitution of Canada, section 35. In the second decision the court elaborated the extension of Aboriginal treaty rights, stating that they are still subject to Canadian law. The second decision, which was claimed to be an “elaboration,” was seen as a retreat from the first decision and angered Aboriginal communities. The second decision was issued on a motion for re-hearing the case brought by fishermen’s associations in which the court elaborated in particular about such things as the relationship between treaty rights and conservation that had been more implicit in the first decision. R. vs Sparrow, 1990, was the first Supreme Court of Canada case to try section 35 of the Constitution Act (1982). Musqueam commercial fisherman Ronald Edward Sparrow of the Fraser Valley, British Columbia, was charged with using a net longer than his license allowed. After six years of impassioned arguments through every court in the province, in what became known as the Sparrow Decision, Sparrow was cleared of illegal fishing charges by the Supreme Court, which upheld his ancestral right to fishing. The case also led to the creation of criteria, “the Sparrow test,” to interpret section 35, providing a method for lawmakers to determine what qualifies as an “Indigenous right.” © Rebecca Thomas 2020. Published in I Place You into the Fire (Nimbus Publishing) - release date October 31, 2020 I Place You into the Fire Rebecca Thomas Nimbus Publishing ABOUT THE BOOK: In Mi’kmaw, three similarly shaped words have drastically different meanings: kesalul means “I love you”; kesa’lul means “I hurt you”; and ke’sa’lul means “I put you into the fire.” In spoken-word artist and critically acclaimed author Rebecca Thomas’s first poetry collection, readers will feel Thomas’s deep love, pain, and frustration as she holds us all to task, along the way mourning the loss of her childhood magic, exploring the realities of growing up off reserve, and offering up a new Creation Story for Canada. ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Rebecca Thomas is an award-winning Mi’kmaw poet and the author of I'm Finding my Talk (Nimbus Publishing) and Swift Fox All Along (Annick Press) and former poet laureate of Kjipuktuk (Halifax). She coordinated the Halifax Slam Poetry team from 2014 to 2017, leading them to three national competitions with the Canadian Festival of Spoken Word. NIMBUS PUBLISHING is the largest English-language publisher east of Toronto. Nimbus produces more than fifty new titles a year on a range of subjects relevant to the Atlantic Provinces— children’s picture books and fiction, literary non-fiction, social and cultural history, nature photography, current events, biography, sports, and cultural issues. View the poems of the month on Tell us what you think: I want more poems! Let's make this weekly or Monthly is the right rhythm You can also email us to let us know what you'd like to see in your Atlantic Poetry newsletter Atlantic Books Poem of the Month is presented by Atlantic Publishers Marketing Association and Atlantic Books Today Email Marketing Powered by Mailchimp
Changes In The Character Of Johnny Throughout The Novel Johnny Tremain 1073 (2 pages) Download for Free Download PDF In life, nothing will ever stay the same- including yourself. Whether the change is due to uncontrollable circumstances or it is voluntary, it will happen. Esther Forbes’ Johnny Tremain, a historical fiction novel, captures the essence of change in a person. When the book begins, Johnny Tremain, a talented 14-year-old boy, is apprenticed to a silversmith and has a bright future. There is only one problem- Johnny is lofty, egocentric, and selfish. As life takes Johnny on innumerable twists and turns, Johnny transforms from his boyish, immature self to a patriotic, mature young man, willing to sacrifice himself for his country and friends. At fourteen, Johnny Tremain has everything a teenage boy could ever want. He is the main breadwinner at the Lapham’s, which means that he is much too valuable for chores. He has the respect of the other boys on the wharf, and his future looks very promising. Johnny lives in a small world, his life revolving around work, tormenting Dove, a fellow apprentice, and dreaming of when he will have his own silver business. This small world at the Laphams’ makes him largely unaware of the political strife going on between Britain and America. However, Johnny’s big mouth and prideful attitude often get him in trouble. Johnny knows he is talented and smart, and he acts it. Everyone at the Laphams’ knows “that Johnny Tremain was boss of the attic, and almost the house” (Forbes 2-3). Johnny’s bossy treatment of the other apprentices draws the criticism of Mr. Lapham, who repeatedly corrects Johnny’s attitude. As well, Johnny’s constant insults provoke Dove’s hatred. As well as his bad traits, though, Johnny is reliable, loyal and caring. Every morning, Johnny is the one that urges Dove and Dusty out of bed- he is the first one of the apprentices dressed and ready for work, and the first one at the shop each day. Another trait that proves Johnny is a dynamic and round character is loyalty- although Paul Revere offers him a position in his shop, Johnny stays with the Laphams, recognizing that they need him to provide for the family due to Mr. Lapham’s failing health and Dove and Dusty’s inability. Johnny is also caring. There are several displays of this soft characteristic in Johnny’s hard personality- one would be when Johnny carried Cilla’s sick sister down the wharf to get some fresh air in the middle of the night- although tired, Johnny did so anyway out of pure love for the girls. Johnny’s life drastically changes due to a crippling accident. Johnny is working on a sugar basin in the workshop. As the time to cast it nears, Johnny orders Dove to pass him a crucible. As revenge for Johnny’s dictatorial behavior that day, Dove hands Johnny a cracked one. The fire’s heat makes the crucible collapse, and Johnny lunges towards the scalding silver. He slips, and his hand comes down on top of the silver. Johnny’s hand will never be the same. We will write a unique paper on this topic for you! Place Order No hidden charges After the burn, Johnny lies in the dark for days, depressed and numb. One glance at his crippled hand is enough to know that his life as a silversmith is over. Life continues, though, and soon Johnny must start looking for new work. However, Johnny does not want to find a job and accept his old life as over. He diminishes his chance for work by being rude and arrogant. At the Laphams’, Dusty and Dove make fun of him and Mrs. Lapham throws insults at him. She is convinced Johnny has become a criminal. Although Johnny has done nothing dishonest, “If pushed a little further, he might have taken to crime” (Forbes 116). Johnny has never felt more worthless. Life eventually brings Johnny to the Observer, where Johnny becomes a horse boy. Johnny’s new life is very different from his old one at the Lapham’s. Mrs. Lorne never ask him to do chores, and he has most of the week to himself- he only delivers papers Thursday, Friday, and Saturday. Johnny spends the rest of the week riding express for the Afric Queen, devouring novels in the library, and spending time with Rab. Rab is Johnny’s role model, and he influences Johnny in countless ways. One thing Rab teaches Johnny is to think before he speaks instead of immediately becoming heated. Johnny realizes that this works to his advantage when a servant accidentally douses him in water. By holding his tongue, he gets some apple pie and meets Sam Adams. Another change that comes over Johnny is to do with politics. “…he changed from knowing little enough about the political excitement, and caring less, to being an ardent Whig.” (Forbes 109). Johnny becomes politically informed by reading the Observer, listening to the leaders of the revolution, and living with the Lornes. Johnny experiences a wake-up when he realizes what a beautiful young lady Cilla has become. Johnny realizes that he is now a young man as well, and it is time for him to go courting young ladies. Even so, Johnny never thought that the person who would make his spine tingle would be Cilla, the gawky girl of his childhood. Throughout Johnny’s entire time at the Observer, the revolution grows in strength and size. Johnny quickly becomes a part of the revolution, taking part in the Boston Tea Party and being a messenger and spy. As the war draws nearer, Johnny’s roles become bigger. At the beginning of Johnny’s life at the Observer, Johnny’s involvement in the revolution is being there for the Observer meetings and running small errands when needed. By the end of the book, right after the war has started, Johnny puts his life at risk without a second thought to relay messages to Dr. Warren. The roles Johnny plays in the war help him realize that he is a part of something much bigger than himself, and that nothing revolves around his comfort and happiness. Throughout the entire book, Johnny undergoes many changes to his personality. Some are due to the war, others simply due to meeting the right people. Even when faced with the prospect of a restored hand, Johnny thinks only of being able to fire a gun for his country instead of his own personal gains- Johnny is no longer the selfish, arrogant, naive and temperamental young boy he once was. He is a patriotic, selfless, and mature young man. I believe that Johnny is a truly dynamic, round character who we can learn valuable lessons from. minimum deadline Cite this Essay Copy to Clipboard Changes In The Character Of Johnny Throughout The Novel Johnny Tremain. (2021, April 19). 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Lotus Blossoms originate from India and South East Asia they used for a variety of purposes in agriculture. The pods are grown organically cleaned and dried in the sun. They provide a variety of benefits to your aquarium include the release of tannins and humic acid. They make a great hiding spot for fry and small shrimp. They have a unique esthetic appeal making a great addition to your tank. Lotus is a type of floating aquatic plant of the genus Nelumbo. It is also known as Indian lotus because it represents a national flower of India. Lotus originates from southern parts of Asia and Australia, but it can be found in aquatic cultures throughout the world today. Lotus Pod Small
07 Pumps and Pumping Definitions and descriptions Absolute pressure The gauge pressure, plus the pressure of the atmosphere. (When a pressure is referred to without ‘gauge’ or ‘absolute’ being stated, it is normally understood to be the gauge pressure). Atmospheric pressure Normal atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1.00 bar = 10.20m head. Atmospheric pressure varies with the altitude above sea level and with the weather conditions. All pipework, pipe fittings, radiators, etc. will create a resistance to the flow of water through them. The more or faster you try to circulate water through them, the more resistance they will create to this flow. Water, like electricity, will always try to take the least line of resistance. To overcome this resistance, a force must be put into the water. That force will overcome resistance and circulate the water. This force is pressure. Compiled and published by: The Institute of Plumbing Last revision: 2002 Edition: 1 Number of pages: 8 Format: PDF
tooth sensitivity Tooth sensitivity can be caused by a number of reasons. This ailment or discomfort is also called dental hypersensitivity and is usually intense, brief and localized. It usually occurs in a specific area or tooth when there is an external stimulus. This stimulus can be thermal (very hot or very cold foods or drinks), chemical stimuli (such as sweets or acidic substances) or tactile stimuli such as the pressure of the toothbrush. The discomfort or pain caused by tooth sensitivity is easily recognized and is also very unpleasant for the patient who suffers from it. On the other hand, it is difficult to identify and it is not temporary, it would be advisable to visit a dentist in Barcelona. The cause is usually due to affection of the nerve of the tooth or pulp due to caries. Origin of tooth sensitivity The nerve of the tooth or pulp is usually protected by two layers that are dentin and enamel. • When enamel wears down: due to bruxism or some other cause, the dentin tubules are exposed and allow heat or cold to reflect on the nerve. This causes the symptoms previously discussed. Enamel wear can also be caused by erosion due to acidic foods. • When the gum retracts: receding gums causes the root of the tooth to be exposed. The gums retract from too traumatic brushing or periodontal disease. • Leaked fillings – When fillings wear or fracture, the dentin of the tooth is exposed and can lead to tooth sensitivity. • Whitening: tooth sensitivity after whitening is normal and usually disappears after a few days. • Prophylaxis: sometimes, after dental hygiene or cleaning, there may be dental hypersensitivity. This is because when removing the accumulated bacterial plaque or tartar, the dentin can be exposed in certain areas. In these situations, tooth sensitivity usually disappears after a few days. Avoid sensitivity 1. We must avoid consuming acidic drinks frequently (juices, sodas …). 2. Avoid using high-hardness toothbrushes. 3. The use of night guards is recommended in bruxist patients to avoid wearing down the teeth. 4. Check-ups with the dentist in Barcelona on a regular basis 5. Use of toothpaste and mouthwashes with fluoride. 6. In case of receding gums, visit the periodontist in Barcelona If in this post we have not resolved all your doubts, we recommend that you contact our team of specialist dentists from BLASI Clínica Dental Barcelona in the Galvany dentists neighborhood.
Click here to Skip to main content 14,878,067 members Articles / Desktop Programming / WPF Posted 9 Aug 2013 22 bookmarked Using Font Icons Rate me: Please Sign up or sign in to vote. 5.00/5 (12 votes) 12 Aug 2013CPOL2 min read This tip helps in using font icons as ImageSource. This tip gives a solution to use font icons in most of WPF controls (like Ribbon). Image 1 I recently worked on using a ribbon in a WPF application. The problem is that the ribbon only permits to use ImageSource to display icons. My aim is to use a font icon library (like in HTML) because it contains vector icons and the final application is homogeneous. In the sample, you will find the Font: Using the Code 1. Create a new WPF Project (can be MVVM). 2. Create a ribbon (Add reference to System.Windows.Controls.Ribbon). 3. Embed a font that will contain scalable icons: 1. From your Resource.resx, add the ttf file 2. In solution explorer, find the TTF file and change the "Build action" to "Resource" 4. Add reference to WpfTools (in download package) 5. Use font icons as ImageSource To display an icon from a font: <RibbonButton Label="Import data" LargeImageSource="{WpfTools:ImageFromFont Text=, FontFamily=/RibbonFontIconSample;component/Resources/#FontAwesome, Brush=Brown}" /> Use the following parameters: • Text: The character representing the icon (depending on the font. For FontAwesome, I used the CheatSheet to get code. • FontFamily to choose the embedded font (use the syntax below) • Brush used to colorize icon (can be a Color or a static resource) • Style for italic • Weight for bold Points of Interest This class can be used with any controls which have an ImageSource property (Ribbon, Image, ...). It is a way to have high definition icons in application because they are scalable vector icons. How It Works As you cannot override ImageSource one of the solutions is to create a MarkupExtension. A markup extension is a class that can be used in XAML code inside { } and as only one pure abstract method ProvideValue which is called to get the resulting object. public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider) return CreateGlyph(Text, FontFamily, Style, Weight, Stretch, Brush); In WPF, one way to render a string as a drawable object is to use Glyph (and GlyphRun). A glyph is a way to render one or more characters in a scalar way. It uses a Font and character index to draw one letter or icon. Here is the code that draws a text into ImageSource: private static ImageSource CreateGlyph(string text, FontFamily fontFamily, FontStyle fontStyle, FontWeight fontWeight, FontStretch fontStretch, Brush foreBrush) if (fontFamily != null && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(text)) Typeface typeface = new Typeface(fontFamily, fontStyle, fontWeight, fontStretch); GlyphTypeface glyphTypeface; if (!typeface.TryGetGlyphTypeface(out glyphTypeface)) throw new InvalidOperationException("No glyphtypeface found"); ushort[] glyphIndexes = new ushort[text.Length]; double[] advanceWidths = new double[text.Length]; for (int n = 0; n < text.Length; n++) ushort glyphIndex = glyphTypeface.CharacterToGlyphMap[text[n]]; glyphIndexes[n] = glyphIndex; double width = glyphTypeface.AdvanceWidths[glyphIndex] * 1.0; advanceWidths[n] = width; GlyphRun gr = new GlyphRun(glyphTypeface, 0, false, 1.0, glyphIndexes, new Point(0, 0), advanceWidths, GlyphRunDrawing glyphRunDrawing = new GlyphRunDrawing(foreBrush, gr); return new DrawingImage(glyphRunDrawing); return null; All the properties (Text, FontFamily, Brush) are not bindable (due to MarkupExtension which is not a DependencyObject). The size is not directly managed, because the glyph is rendered to stretch in the container object. You have to put the class in a separate assembly (like WpfTool) to make it work in design mode (it is a known bug of Visual Studio). • 08/2013: First version About the Author Le Sourcier Software Developer ECT Industries France France I am software engineer and I work for the aviation. I'm currently working on many different project and in many different languages - Visual C++ 6 - C# - C and assembly Have lot of fun Comments and Discussions QuestionSmall Icon Images Pin JAbedinejad11-Jun-17 1:28 MemberJAbedinejad11-Jun-17 1:28 QuestionLike Pin Clifford Nelson28-Feb-16 10:41 MemberClifford Nelson28-Feb-16 10:41 Questionhow can I assign icon from code? Pin uTILLIty20-Jan-15 10:10 MemberuTILLIty20-Jan-15 10:10 QuestionUsing Font Icons Pin Member 109787544-Nov-14 6:39 MemberMember 109787544-Nov-14 6:39 AnswerRe: Using Font Icons Pin michael432119-Dec-14 14:42 Membermichael432119-Dec-14 14:42 QuestionExtensible for hover trigger/event? Pin Member 874244212-Dec-13 11:13 MemberMember 874244212-Dec-13 11:13 GeneralMy vote of 5 Pin ketan italiya12-Aug-13 21:45 Memberketan italiya12-Aug-13 21:45
10 guidelines to boost the circular economy The world has finally woken up to realise that most of the Earth's resources are limited, making the “produce-consume-discard” mindset both unsustainable and hopelessly obsolete. Researchers from AAU have together with European partners made 10 guidelines to help companies boost the circular economy as part of their business model. Last modified: 05.03.2019 Circular economy is the future. Businesses that do not already think in circular economy must change their outlook, or run the risk of slipping behind as the field makes the shift towards more sustainable business strategies. Researchers from AAU and international collaborators in the KATCH-e consortium have developed 10 guidelines that form the basis for business strategies for companies to benefit from the lucrative market that the circular economy will be. “It is an ambitious interpretation of circular economy, because the guidelines contain all three aspects of sustainability; the environmental, the social and the economic aspects,” explains Kirsten Schmidt, a postdoc at the Department of Planning at AAU CPH. On 29 January, the researchers from AAU held a workshop on how to work professionally with circular economy, and already a few days after the tickets were released, the event was overbooked, with more interested people on the waiting list. Change is on the way But the circular economy is not simply a theory or elusive idea, it provides practical solutions, many of which already exist in small part today. For example, furniture can be repaired, car-shares are becoming more popular, materials in the construction industry can be recycled, as can machines and consumables, which from the outset are designed to have different applications depending on the age of the product. “The idea of circular economy is that things take place in closed systems, so that not too much should be thrown out and not too much of Earth's limited resources should be consumed. The shift from the current way of thinking to circular economy is going to open up a lot of opportunities for companies that act first and quickly integrate circular economy into their business strategy. Therefore, we have created these 10 guidelines, which can help companies both get to grips with circular economy and keep their eyes on the ball going forward,” explains Kirsten Schmidt. Circular economy includes everything Circular economy is not only concerned with the production of things. It is also about services and recycling. A service in the circular economy can, for example, be leasing furniture for schools. Instead of schools buying furniture and throwing them out when they are too old, they can lease them over long periods of time with associated services and repair of the furniture if they break. If the school happens to have a change in learning methods that requires new facilities and furniture, the schools do not need to change all their purchased furniture. The business concept for the Danish company Højer Møbler, which participates in the KATCH_e project, is to sell ‘learning environments’, rather than school furniture. The leased furniture can instead be designed to be upgraded to meet new needs so that the value does not disappear from the furniture. In this way, the circular economy reaches into both design, service and recycling. Another example, would be to make cots that grow with the children so that they only need one bed throughout their childhood instead of changing every three to five years. Also a part of the building trade Similarly, the circular economy can also be included in the building trade. Today, we often tear down houses to use the building materials as simple road filling. This greatly decreases the value of the building materials, whereas in circular economy, the bricks, windows and roof tiles are much more worthwhile in themselves if reused as individual elements. Designing, recycling and servicing furniture and buildings, among other things, requires a mindset that understands the complexity, but also the possibilities, of circular economy. “Our 10 guidelines are basic principles of the circular economy, and if you can get them into the backbone of your company, you are well placed to meet the demands of the future,” says Kirsten Schmidt. The 10 guidelines: 1. Think circularly from the beginning; in the design phase of products, services and business models. 2. Think of functionality instead of products. 3. Analyse where values are created and disappear to understand how they can be maintained. 4. Any circular solution must also be sustainable. 5. Work from a lifecycle perspective so you do not just move the issues somewhere else or create new issues. 6. Involve the stakeholders in the value chain in developing new solutions. 7. Go ahead and take responsibility - be a good example for others. 8. Understand how your new circular solution changes or requires new practices for the users. 9. Make the circular solution attractive to the users and be part of the solution rather than part of the problem. 10. Weave social aspects into the solution, and see if the solution can create local jobs. “We have made this ambitious interpretation because we believe that when we educate people in this big and complicated puzzle, it is to transform our society into a more sustainable one, it is not enough just to think in shallow solutions. Instead, you should be able to understand all the elements that go into the circular economy and the opportunities that lie within them” says Kirsten Schmidt. Postdoc Kirsten Schmidt, AAU CPH, tlf. 99402454, Nelly Sander, pressekontakt AAU, tlf. 99 40 20 18,
A study conducted by Teagasc has shown that 53% of triplet lambs are sired by different rams. Research of its kind has never been undertaken previously in any global sheep population. The phenomenon is called heteropaternal superfecundation (HS), involving separate mating events with two or more rams, leading to the fertilisation and implantation of two or more eggs during the same heat. This results in the birth of two or more sibling lambs sired by different rams.
Daguerreotype to Digital A Brief History of the Photographic Process Period of Use: 1840 - 1915 Example of cyanotype Cyanotypes can be easily identified by their brilliant blue color. Printed on a high grade of paper and lacking in chemical complexity, cyanotypes are very hardy and stable. Cyanotypes could be easily produced by amateurs at home (exposed to sunlight and washed in rainwater) and were often mounted in albums. The ease of this process caused a wave of popularity at the turn of the century. Prints from Cyanotypes Ponce de Leon Hotel : St. Augustine, Florida Group picture on a porch : Tallahassee Questions and Feedback Form Please provide your name Please provide a valid email address Please provide a valid phone number Please provide a comment Please note:
Broccoli is a green, leafy vegetable derived from the cabbage family. It produces tight ‘flower heads’ from a tree-like stalk. The heads and stem are edible and are a great all round vegetable in a variety of dishes. Broccoli is usually boiled or steamed, and can also be eaten raw with dips or other accompaniments. Broccoli and your health Broccoli is one of the best sources of Vitamin C, and just 100g provides two days worth of Vitamin C for the average person. Broccoli is also known to include a special compound called sulphoraphane which is proven to reduce the risk of cancer.
Home Sun & Moon Eclipses Total Solar What Are Total Solar Eclipses? Total solar eclipses happen when the New Moon comes between the Sun and Earth and casts the darkest part of its shadow, the umbra, on Earth. Total solar eclipse at its maximum point or totality. (Illustration) A total eclipse is spectacular to see. During a total eclipse of the Sun, the Moon covers the entire disk of the Sun. In partial and annular solar eclipses, the Moon blocks only a part of the Sun. Not Total Everywhere Only viewers located in the path of the Moon's full shadow, its umbra, can see a total solar eclipse. Those outside the path see a partial eclipse. By convention, therefore, eclipses are named after their darkest phase—if a solar eclipse is total at any point on Earth, it is called a total solar eclipse. Hybrid solar eclipses or annular-total eclipses are an exception to this rule. This is because they change from an annular to a total eclipse or from a total to an annular eclipse along their path. Complete Solar Eclipse Has Five Phases There are five stages in a total solar eclipse: 1. Partial eclipse begins (1st contact): The Moon becomes visible over the Sun's disk. It looks like the Moon has taken a bite out of the Sun. 2. Total eclipse begins (2nd contact): The Moon covers the entire disk of the Sun. Observers in the Moon's umbral path may be able to see the diamond ring effect and Baily's beads just before totality. 4. Total eclipse ends (3rd contact): The Moon starts moving away, and the Sun reappears. Those fortunate enough to be in the Moon's umbral can see Baily's beads and the diamond ring effect just after totality ends. 5. Partial eclipse ends (4th contact): The eclipse ends as the Moon leaves the Sun's disk. Protect Your Eyes! Never look directly at the Sun, eclipsed or otherwise, without proper protective eyewear. The Sun’s radiation can burn your eye's retinas and cause permanent damage or even blindness. To safely watch a solar eclipse, wear protective eclipse glasses or project an image of the eclipsed Sun using a pinhole projector. Only Safe during Full Eclipse It is safe to view a fully eclipsed Sun, totality, with the naked eye. It is also safe to observe totality through cameras, telescopes, or binoculars without any special filters. Do not look at the Sun with naked eyes unless the Moon blocks the entire Sun. Even a small amount of direct sunlight can damage your eyes. Make sure you know how long totality lasts in your location. Unique Sights around Totality Illustration of totality of a Total Solar Eclipse Phenomena only visible near the totality. Some sights are only visible during a total solar eclipse. They appear in this order as totality sets in (and in reverse order as totality ends): 1. Shadow bands: About a minute before totality, moving, wavy lines of alternating light and dark can be seen on the ground and along walls. These shadow bands are the result of Earth’s turbulent atmosphere refracting the last rays of sunlight. 2. Diamond ring: Seen about 10 to 15 seconds before and after totality, the solar corona (the outer atmosphere of the Sun) becomes visible. Together with the single jewel of light from the Sun, it creates the well-known diamond ring effect. 3. The Sun's corona: As the diamond ring fades, the outermost part of the Sun's atmosphere becomes more prominent. It is visible as a faint ring of rays surrounding the silhouetted Moon and is around 200–300 times hotter than the Sun’s surface—its temperature can reach over 1 million °C (1.8 million °F). 4. Baily's beads: About five seconds before totality, Baily's beads appear. They are little bead-like blobs of light at the edge of the Moon created by the sunlight passing through gaps in the mountains and valleys on the Moon's surface. 5. The Sun's chromosphere: The second most outer layer of the Sun’s atmosphere gives out a reddish glow. It is only visible for a few seconds right after totality. These events then repeat in reverse order: First, the Sun's chromosphere reappears just before totality ends. The Baily's beads follow this as the Moon continues to move away. The diamond ring and corona then makes an appearance, following which shadow bands reappear before the crescent Sun is visible again. The Science of Total Solar Eclipses Illustration image Illustration image The Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned On average, one total solar eclipse happens every 18 months, when: • There's a New Moon, • at the same time, the Moon is at (or very near) a lunar node, so the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun line up in a straight (or nearly straight) line, • and the Moon is near perigee. Not Every New Moon Illustration of lunar nodes with Sun, Earth, and Moon Illustration of lunar nodes with Sun, Earth, and Moon Lunar nodes are the locations where the Moon crosses the Earth's orbital plane. The Moon's orbital path around Earth is inclined at an angle of approximately 5° to the Earth's orbital plane around the Sun (ecliptic). Without this slant, we would be able to see two eclipses per lunar month—a solar eclipse at every New Moon and a lunar eclipse at every Full Moon. In reality, solar eclipses happen only 2—5 times a year. For a solar eclipse to occur, the New Moon must be at or very close to one of the two points where the orbital planes meet. These locations are called lunar nodes. If the Moon is not near a lunar node during New Moon, the Sun, Moon, and Earth do not align in a straight or almost straight line, and a solar eclipse cannot occur. Seen from Earth, the Moon passes just above or just below the Sun (see image). Near Lunar Perigee The Moon's path around Earth is elliptical, with one side of the orbit closer to Earth than the other. The point closest to Earth is called the perigee and the side farthest from Earth is known as the apogee. Earth's orbit around the Sun is also elliptical, with the Sun closest at perihelion, and farthest away at aphelion. Earth's and the Moon's elliptical orbits mean that Earth’s distance from the Sun and the Moon's distance from Earth varies throughout the year. It also means that from Earth, the Sun's and Moon's apparent sizes change during the year. When the Moon is about 400 times closer to Earth than the Sun, the Moon's and the Sun's apparent sizes roughly match. Because of this, total eclipses of the Sun can only occur when the Moon is near perigee—it is the only time when the disk of the Moon looks big enough to cover the entire disk of the Sun. How Long Does Totality Last? A total solar eclipse can last for several hours and totality can range from a few seconds to 7.5 minutes. The longest total solar eclipse of the 21st century took place on July 22, 2009, when totality lasted 6 minutes and 39 seconds! Upcoming 5 Total Solar Eclipses More details about upcoming Eclipses Topics: Astronomy, Eclipses, Moon, Sun
Politics historical past is often a thorough account and account of politics activities, political activities, functions, subscriptions and body parts of point outvoters and power, political get-togethers and political management. It is related to all the fields of educational track record, which include constitutional historical past, politics research and community historical past, along with global record. This is due to it includes an incredibly significant region of nation-wide politics which is suffering from events in several international locations and land masses. Governmental historical past is sometimes broken into several types. The 1st type are foreign governmental matters. This addresses all occasions that happen within the intercontinental landscape and influence the political procedure of one country. For instance issues among countries, big World Conflicts, the Wintry Conflict, etc. Because the governmental methods of several locations suffer from the governmental policies of your other locations. The next class of politics background is home politics life inside a land, this class of review is also necessary for those people keen on intercontinental relations. This handles those things of events, individuals and expresses of their certain country. killer deal is done by looking up political actions via track record. For instance researching in regards to the beginnings of the governmental gatherings, their summer camps and procedures. additional hints is significant due to the fact that a lot of politics moves wind up in electricity when their procedures and summer camps will relevant. The third category of exploration works with the cultural reputation of different historical stats in addition to their exercises. This consists of mastering with regards to the day-to-day lives and accomplishments of numerous societal organizations as well as the unique societal complications presented by them. These 3 diverse types of investigation from the total analysis of governmental record. The most famous variety of this field is used governmental background, which handles the governmental companies, moves and businesses of any country over a period of time. These include nationwide and international businesses and national politics. Together with politics record, sociable history also has its own list of problems. Although they remain in the overall study of politics corporations, interpersonal record isn’t going to deal with the many factors included in a world’s politics technique. Social historical past are only able to discuss the cultural and financial areas of the sociable framework. In combination with governmental organizations, interpersonal activities also affect politics buildings in lots of ways. For instance the politics parties and also the politics frontrunners who rul them. A lot of the important political motions and parties add the The french language Wave, Ruskies Emerging trend, the American Civil Showdown, in france they Movement, the Spanish Municipal Warfare, Wwi, and World War 2, the Russian Revolution just as before. All of these ended up very well liked for their occasions, which could result in wonderful politics have an impact on for their specific countries and throughout the world as one. Political creating is constructed in an effort to tell people today with what happened inside the prior, current and future, to enable them to make decisions for their own end. This is the reason study regarding the last ought to be carried out by historians who had been around for years. my website come up with the interpersonal, political and economic situations in their matters, along with political concepts. While there are several forms of political publishing, it all boils down to the same: educating everyone about what their politics technique is dependant on. , whilst experts who write about the story of other nations or about the historical past of their very own international locations normally inform lots regarding their subjects’ background, which explains why they are regarded as gurus. within their discipline. While in the governmental scientific disciplines area, these political experts don’t simply reveal yesteryear In order to give a specific photo techniques factors basically transpired and exactly how their political methods developed into a selected political express, additionally they use technology advances such as the newspaper publishers, periodicals and online, as well as tv shows and films. into their perform. Governmental people need to use all of these assets in an effort to give their tv audiences a definative picture of any world’s history. Political history might not be an easy task to do, though. It needs loads of diligence and lots of research, its no wonder that sometimes it is written in the first place. For that reason, there are plenty of training books and content articles composed on different elements of governmental record. Political producing isn’t just centered on the current, but on the past and also on either concurrently. There’s 2 major varieties of politics publishing: old creating and fantastic crafting. Traditional crafting is based on information and study which was collected prior to now, whilst fantastic composing is based on a post. cardano blockchain voting are not the same from the other, simply because politics heritage provides extensive related how persons as well as what took place during the past and what can happen in the future.
Treaties Agreement The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the custodian of more than 560 multilateral treaties covering a wide range of issues such as human rights, disarmament and environmental protection. Below, in chronological order, you will find a list of contracts and other acts that have been notified in the register after registration, classification or registration by the United Nations Secretariat and which contain clauses relating to the jurisdiction of the Court in the disputed proceedings. These clauses generally provide that disputes relating to the application or interpretation of the instrument may be referred to the Court of Justice for decision. For each instrument, the table shows the date and location of the signature, its title, the relevant clause and the contracting parties. Learn more about historical and modern contracts in Canada, contractual rights and contractual relationships. The U.S. Supreme Court has held in the basic currency cases that “contracts” do not have a privileged position in relation to the laws of Congress and may be nullified or amended by any subsequent acts of Congress under U.S. law, just like any other ordinary law. The court also tried in Reid v. In a covert way, that the provisions of the treaty that are in conflict with the U.S. Constitution are null and void under U.S. law. [25] When a contract is included in a series of contracts, the series of contracts should be cited and not. B the UN document number. Contracts are often included in several rounds of contracts. In accordance with Chapter 8.4 of the Australian Guide to Legal Quote, contracts should be quoted in the following order of preference: Australian contracts are generally covered by the following categories: deliveries, postal agreements and orders of funds, trade and international conventions. In other cases, such as New Zealand with the Maori and Canada with its First Nations and First Nations, treaties have allowed Aboriginal people to maintain a modicum of autonomy. Such agreements between colonizers and indigenous peoples are an important part of the political discourse of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the treaties that are being discussed have an international reputation, as indicated by a UN treaty study. [26] [27] In addition to treaties, there are other, less formal international agreements. These include efforts such as the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) and the G7 Global Partnership Against the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Although the PSI has a “declaration of prohibition principles” and the G7 Global Partnership includes several statements by G7 heads of state and government, it also does not have a legally binding document that sets specific obligations and is signed or ratified by member states.
Your Current Location :Home > News> Industry Information What is the difference between bio-organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer? VIEWS: times Release Date:2020-11-16 After aerobic or anaerobic fermentation, the compost or retting is the organic fertilizer, while the bio-organic fertilizer is inoculated (Bacillus) or directly mixed into the decomposed organic fertilizer (fungal spores) to produce spores. Bacillus or Trichoderma fungal bio-organic fertilizer. Bio-organic fertilizer refers to a special fertilizer containing clear functional microbial strains. The product contains not only decomposed organic fertilizer, but also a specified number of functional bacteria. It is an organic unity of microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and belongs to the category of microbial fertilizer. Registered with the Ministry of Agriculture. The effect of bio-organic fertilizer: 1. Condition the soil, activate the microbial activity rate in the soil, overcome soil compaction, and increase soil air permeability. 2. Reduce water loss and evaporation, reduce the pressure of drought, preserve fertilizer, reduce chemical fertilizers, reduce salt-alkali damage, improve soil fertility while reducing chemical fertilizer consumption or gradually replacing chemical fertilizers, so that food crops, cash crops, vegetables, The production of melons and fruits increased substantially. 3. To improve the quality of agricultural products, the fruits are bright in color, tidy, mature and concentrated. The sugar content and vitamin content of melon agricultural products have been improved, and the taste is good, which is conducive to expanding exports and increasing prices. 4. Enhance crop disease resistance and stress resistance, reduce crop diseases and soil-borne diseases caused by continuous cropping, and reduce the incidence; it has a good effect on the prevention and control of mosaic disease, black shank and anthracnose. At the same time, the comprehensive defense capabilities of crops against adverse environments are enhanced. • * • *
Imaginary Language – educational toys for children by Alessandra Romario Why you design toys for children? Children are the adults of tomorrow, for me designing for them means designing for the future. I strongly believe in supporting the next generation and giving them the tools to find their own way in the world. What was your inspiration for your educational toy “Imaginary Language”? My design practice is often based on psychological or anthropological theories, as it is with Imaginary Language. The American vision scientist Irving Biederman has argued that the human brain recognizes objects by isolating them into basic forms that he named “Geons.” People are able to assign functional meanings onto them by projecting their own socio-cultural experiential knowledge. Based on this theory my aim was to explore a new typology of visual language comprehensible by everyone but that could allow individual self-expression. The alphabet is composed of archetypical geometric forms that can be combined together to create undefined and open-ended objects. Children can compose their own objects, attribute to each of them a temporary function and play. I wanted the children to be free to create their own scenario with their own imagination. Why is your “Imaginary Language” especially suited for children as a toy? Imaginary language aims to foster children’s creativity by stimulating their imagination through play. Creativity is an important skill to develop in childhood, it helps dealing with change, stimulates critical thinking and it affects our social and emotional intelligence. Raise creative children able to imagine new possibilities is the key towards a generation of innovators able to reinvent themselves and the world. The toy is a combination between construction games and role-playing games, in that way it stimulates cognitive and social skills, both fundamentals for the children’s growth. The design choices keep in mind the children’s fun. Simple magnetic joints allow the children to construct the objects in an immediate and easy way. While the geometrical shapes have been made in wood in order to be resistant and durable. How did children respond to your “Imaginary Language”? I tried the toy with children of different ages and they all respond equally well. The way of playing with it changes from age to age: a children of 4 years old enjoyed more build up different shapes and try as many combinations as possible; while the older had more fun in playing with the objects created in an invented scenario. Children enjoyed playing with Imaginary Language especially when they were in a group, indeed together they generate a collective imaginary by stimulating each others with ideas and stories. It is really interesting to see how the same shape can change his function depending who is holding it. A few personal questions at the end: What toys did you play with as a child? I played a lot with LEGO and construction games, but I also enjoyed dressing up with costumes to play different roles and invent new stories. And did you had a favourite toy? When i was a child everything was an excuse to play. One of my favorite toys was my grandparents’ sofa. I and my brothers used to disassemble all the pillows and build different things with them: an house, a boat or even rocks to jump from one to an others. Share this post , , , , , , , ,
Now Reading Can AI Usher In The Era Of Transhumanism Can AI Usher In The Era Of Transhumanism In the classic 1989 movie Indiana Jones and The Last Crusade, Jones is on a quest to find the Holy Grail, a cup with miraculous power that if you drink water from the chalice and it will grant you the power of immortality. The movie ends with the hero picking up the right cup and healing his wounded father and off he goes for another quest. While the knights from history are known to have perished in their long and arduous journey to locate the Holy Grail, researchers circa 2019 are looking at artificial intelligence and its various subsets to grant humanity the power of immortality. What is Transhumanism? With precision medicine using AI and machine learning are gaining momentum steadily, more and more lives are now being saved even before the symptoms of a particular disease arise. AI and ML with their capability to identify patterns and make accurate predictions are now being used by medical practitioners widely. But, humans beings will never be okay with a year or two longer, we with our advanced brain and technological capabilities wants to live longer. Researchers and activists are now pitching for what is called transhumanism, an augmented version of humans that want to rely on technology to tweak the existing human condition to achieve higher-level of intelligence and physiology. Though this version of human are to be designed and might sound like we have bought ourselves the one-way ticket to our doom, even scarier part is the staunch belief of trans humanist philosophers in the ability of the technology to eradicate disease, poverty and even natural calamities The acclaimed Irish author Mark O’Connell in his book To Be a Machine, sums up the vision of transhumanist, “It is their belief that we can and should eradicate ageing as a cause of death; that we can and should use technology to augment our bodies and our minds; that we can and should merge with machines, remaking ourselves, finally, in the image of our own higher ideals.” How Is AI Aiding This Process? The advancement in the field of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive science will greatly towards this goal as envisioned by the Transhumanist. With existing tools like gene editing and engineering along with AI, human researchers believe that human can be easily augmented. Nanobots can be released into our bloodstream to control and monitor our emotions and activate feeling as we please, writes a researcher in an article. In a recently concluded summit in Spain, experts from various fields debated the need for Transhumanism at the wake of increasing automation and advancement in the field of AI and ML. For the session, one of the researchers predicted that AI will soon have the capability to make humans live forever, notes a leading website. Another concept that was discussed was the ability of the human to be present virtually forever by downloading the brain of the person and storing the information it contains digitally. Elaborating more on the concept, Stephen Dunne, a digital therapeutics and panellist said, “If we do invent artificial general intelligence, it might figure out all we need to know about the brain to do this within the next 30 years.” Organisations like Humanity+ have been set up exclusively for promoting transhumanism and it claims that it has 6000 followers across 100 counties,”We aim to deeply influence a new generation of thinkers who dare to envision humanity’s next steps. Our programs combine unique insights into the development of emerging and speculative technologies that focus on the well-being of our species and the changes that we are and will be facing,” reads the objective of the organisation. In their H+ Magazine, which observes the development in science and technology which could have a significant bearing on transhumanism, Ben Goertzel, founder and CEO of SingularityNET, writes that brain-computer interfacing (BCI) can significantly help in augmenting humans. See Also This he says is achievable by understanding the electrochemical signals by which our brains encode thoughts and feelings and by applying statistics and AI tools to comprehend complex data. Goertzel further states that another big possibility for BCI is telepathy chips- a neural implant that helps users to project emotions and thoughts onto others and receive the same from them. All these developments can further lead to a new form of intelligence called mindplexes — which he describes as “ independent human minds, yet also possessing a coherent self and consciousness at the higher level of the telepathically-interlinked human group.” According to Goertzel, AI can play a vital role in developing mind plexes by reading from telepathy chips and projecting original ideas conceived by the AIs, which the system believed will benefit humans. “Humans who reject telepathic interplay with AIs could be at a significant disadvantage both socially and economically. Nearly any job requiring insight and creativity would benefit from a stream of “push technology” input from a savvy AI,” he writes. Though scientists and researchers are taking a step at a time to tweak human intelligence and anatomy, we have come a long way in our search for immortality and the Holy Grail. Despite the staunch believers of the supporters of transhumanism in helping humanity at a large scale, opponents of the movement believe that it is the largest threat to humanity Subscribe to our Newsletter Get the latest updates and relevant offers by sharing your email. Copyright Analytics India Magazine Pvt Ltd Scroll To Top
Can the word “fat” be reclaimed? Belly Songs was made “in celebration of fat women” (Stinson 0). The term “fat” has a negative connotation attached to it when it is simply another adjective, a way to describe a person. Why is it seen as a derogatory term? Reclaiming that word into a positive context is difficult today that pushes for the Western ideal of beauty. However, that does not mean we should stop urging for change from society’s values which Stinson helps to alter. This specific poem’s title, “The Good Servant,” hints at how society views fat people. The first stanza has our narrator call out to a rich man who walks by and tells him “I drink oceans. / I eat mountains of bread” (Stinson, 31). This is all to make her presence known, she will not shy away from being honest about her eating habits and appearance. The rich man then says “be my servant,” which hints at the fetishization of bigger women. This degrading language shows how society views fat people as beneath others, to belittle them solely based on appearance. This is important because for so long fat people were treated differently from skinnier people and this degradation from a wealthy man shows his effort to assert his dominance and superiority. She then goes on to say, “He has read enough / to show cordiality to oddities,” which explains a lesson many children are taught at an early age which is if you do not have anything nice to say it is better to not say anything at all (Stinson, 31). Also, to be polite to people who look “different” from the norm and be extra cordial. Does this stem from a place of concern, guilt, or both? Many features that are down upon in society that may be described as “unflattering” or “unwanted” include: fat rolls, sweat, or stretch marks the list is infinite. Stinson writes of how she “glisten[s] in [her] tight clothes,” to show how proud she is of her appearance despite the “the stains over [her] breasts” (Stinson 31). She has her hem of her pant legs dragging along the dirt on the floor as she walks which may allude to her height, meaning falling on the shorter side. The western ideals of beauty typically include being tall, skinny, blue-eyed, hairless, and blonde. Being a fat, short person is not seen as the ideal when these attributes are all normal and what makes us human. Stinson beautifully describes her stretch marks as “colored marks [that] web [her] upper arms, / breasts, belly and thighs” (Stinson 31). Imagining a graceful web of strings that a spider creates is unique to think of when describing a beauty mark that is seen as unfeminine or unattractive. She describes herself as a wonder, which can mean as hard to interpret, understand, a confusing yet fascinating idea. She is admired, beautiful, captivating despite these supposed flaws she possesses in the eyes of society. Eating disorders and body dysmorphia is heavily prevalent today and Stinson admits to starving herself “to unmarbled red meat” (Stinson 31). Searching up the term “marbled meat” which means to have streaks or layers of lean and fat and so she admits starving herself to make herself skinny. She “bleached [her] heart” meaning she damaged her heart and health both physically and mentally all to reach a false conclusion of happiness. Why should we aim to follow a false reality of happiness when we are enduring more harm than good to gain this ideal of beauty? This poem matters because it serves as a reminder that we should learn to love and embrace our insecurities and supposed “flaws.” The reclaiming of the term fat is a continuous process, one that is lengthy and against difficult odds, but it begins with the individual. The individual holds the power to fight at society’s toxic values and begin to care for themselves both mentally and physically, heal from a society seemingly against them. Leave a Reply
Sie sind auf Seite 1von 5 The role of NATO in the Contemporary Security Environment With the end of the Cold War at the beginning of the 1990s, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) found itself in a curious dilemma of identity. While it no longer had a common enemy, member states found themselves entrenched in a treaty-based association which had brought many benefits for them through years of cooperation. In the past, most military alliance tended to fad into history with the diminishment of a common enemy. However NATO was unusual, in that it was a complicated military and political alliance with more than just purely military goals. Although heavily focused on military deterrence during the cold war, NATO was also a defensive political union, which used many means, including diplomacy and military deterrence, to ensure the security of its members. And so, given the unique nature of the alliance, NATO did not simply dissolve with the disappearance of its arch-rival, the USSR. It found a way to adapt its role in the new, post-cold war security environment, as an instrument to protect the emerging security concerns of its member states with preventative actions. When NATO was first established, its primary goal was deterrence of Soviet aggression. Given what they knew of the Soviet Union, Western European states felt insecure with the balance of power that existed in Europe and the United States felt that its economic and political interests were best served by way of an advance defense in Europe. Given the Soviet Unions predisposition to use violence in political disputes, such as that within Hungary, the West felt justifiably concerned for its security, and formed NATO as a collective security measure against Soviet aggression. However, while there is a strong military nature in this structure and logic of alliance, the written purpose of NATO was not to counter any aggression of the Soviet Union, but rather to ensure the preservation of peace and security for member states, and, so as to be consistent with the UN charter, was committed to peaceful as much as military means in protecting their security. This goal of ensuring general security through both political and military means lain out in formal treaty, rather than a pure military alliance against one specific state, allowed NATOs transition from cold-war military alliance to a modern security political and military alliance. With the collapse of the cold-war framework, under which international relations operated under, new, broader and radically different security challenges emerged. Threats to NATO members security were no longer blocs of hostile states with large numbers of tanks, soldiers and nuclear weapons, i.e. threats to the existence or fundamental well-being of the states themselves. Rather, security became increasingly concerned with threats to the conditions of existence of these states, such as criminal and terrorist organizations, influxes of refugees, humanitarian problems and human rights violations, environmental degradation and economic problems. While problems such as criminal and terrorist organizations transgress national boundaries, others, such as large influxes of refugees, present problems to the economic well-being of states. But the common link between these problems, is the requirement for collective action to help resolve such trans-national situations: to catch a terrorist or inter-state criminal requires cooperation between the intelligence and enforcement agencies of states; to aid refugees in nearby states requires collective action to restore order and help people home. As these problems become more and more international, multilateral solutions and cooperation become more and more important to the security of all states. They also require proactive solutions to resolve the underlying concerns before they manifest themselves as large security problems that greatly threaten a states borders or interests. This new and challenging nature of security has thus brought about a somewhat new role for NATO; preventative security actions. Since the end of the cold war, NATO has engaged itself in a multitude of operations which often are more concerned with humanitarian motives than military ones. Actions such as the recent deployment of aid to earthquake-stricken Pakistan, rarely involve the use of military force, but rather involve the use of efficient military capability in an attempt to quickly and efficiently resolve impending humanitarian disasters and prevent future problems arising from them which will infringe upon the security of NATO states. Those actions that do involve military force, such as peacekeeping in Afghanistan and the Balkans, are undertaken with regional stability in mind as well as with stopping underlying humanitarian problems, such as genocide, repression or gross economic mismanagement. In Bosnia, for example, NATO attempted to resolve the conflict with a more forceful hand than the UN could have, and conferred upon itself a peacekeeper role to maintain regional stability in the wake of massive ethnic violence. The fear was that ethnic fighting and an exodus of refugees would spill over into neighboring states, several of whom were NATO states. This new strategic focus of NATO points to a greater realization on the part of the alliance that concerns of security are not just those of hard military power, but also those of non-military concerns, and that understanding security in todays world is dependant on understanding both dimensions to security problems. It has also learned that, given the increasingly interdependent nature of the world, there will still be many ways in which Western interests can be threatened by developments in the third world. Lessons to this effect were taught to NATO nations by disasters such as September 11 2001, which demonstrated that nations such as the United States were very vulnerable to small groups such as Al-Qaeda, who were able to flourish in the conditions of impoverished, repressive and unstable Afghanistan. The response to this tragedy was a multilateral declaration of support, through the collective-security clause found in NATOs founding treaty, and a subsequent US invasion and NATO occupation of Afghanistan. The ISAF (International Security and Assistance Force) led by NATO is presently engaged in helping to develop the political, social and economic institutions in Afghanistan. ISAFs role is to assist the Government in Afghanistan and the international community in maintaining security within the forces area of operations. ISAF supports the Afghan Transitional Authority in expanding its authority to the rest of the country, and in providing a safe and secure environment conducive to free and fair elections, the spread of the rule of law, and the reconstruction of the country. In the former Yugoslavia, NATO intervened militarily because of the threat to its European members caused by ethnic conflict which threatened to destabilize the region and was producing huge numbers of refugees. Thus, NATOs military occupation and political reorganization of Afghanistan and the Balkans is helped by the idea supported by Barry Buzan, that military means can dominate the outcome of all other types of security: political, economic, societal and environmental. By removing the political structure whose harmful effects which created security threats to NATO members and implant troops into the state, NATO aimed to promote political, social and economic change which would eliminate support for and the causes of terrorism. While all of these developments have posed various risks to the security of NATO countries, and as such, NATO has recognized them and adapted its role into one of stabilizing the politics and problems of the regions involved to prevent them spilling over and causing security problems for member states. These lessons and the responsive actions taken have also undoubtedly influenced NATOs current actions in Pakistan and Iraq. In Pakistan, NATO is presently involved in providing humanitarian relief for the many people left homeless and impoverished in the wake of a recent massive earthquake. This tactic, of trying to prevent a massive humanitarian catastrophe before it develops, is more evidence of a forward-thinking strategy in advancing the security agenda of NATO, as well as an understanding that, to address many modern security problems, a comprehensive understanding of non-military problems is needed. In Iraq, NATO is involved in training the Iraqi national defense forces to enhance the ability of the state to handle both internal and external threats. Given that a basic measure of a governments capability to claim legitimacy and a measure of the strength of the state is how well it can control the use of coercive measures within its borders, NATO has a vested interest in seeing the Iraqi defense forces develop capacity relatively quickly. Weak states pose a problem to the NATO allies, as, in weak states, many problems that tend to proliferate, such as terrorism, international criminal organizations, regional conflicts, out flux of refugees and humanitarian disasters often emerge. This is especially true in Iraq, given its location in the middle east and the recent rise of Islamic terrorism. NATOs actions in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan and the Balkans demonstrate its modern role as a proactive organization that tries to either stabilize problematic situations, or stop them from even beginning. While it might be tempting to call NATO a peacekeeping organization in modern times, it must also be remembered that NATOs actions and stated intentions are designed to provide security for its members by way of systematically targeting problematic areas which show potential for causing security problems which threaten NATO countries. While NATO does adhere to the principles set forth in the UN and has collaborated with the UN in peacekeeping operations , NATO primarily undertakes operations in theatres in which it can affect its members security positively. NATO is, after all primarily still an alliance whose stated goal is to advance the security interests of its member states. One must not confuse the humanitarian consequences of many of NATOs present operations, with the security-minded focus that guides NATO action, even although frequent humanitarian outcomes are consistent with NATO goals. Thus, while NATOs goals, and the outcomes of its missions are humanitarian, this does not change the fact that NATO, in the modern era, is still an alliance whose primary concern is the security of its members. In view of the recent actions undertaken by NATO in the past 15 years since the end of the cold war, as well as its lack of a formal enemy, it has also been suggested that NATO, while formally a military alliance, is perhaps more of a strong security community. However, this distinction glosses over the very nature of the association, which still has a very important military component in its command structure, as well as clauses in the alliance framework which lend it to military cooperation if needed. It might more accurate, then, to include the idea of a security community into the description of NATOs newfound role as a military-political alliance which uses preventative measures rather than reactive and defensive measures to enhance its security. Over the past 15 years, NATO has evolved greatly, Surviving the type of crisis which caused many military alliances to break up and become merely a part of history. It has been able to do this because of the political nature that guided its formation, and the political structures built into it, by way of treaty. In one sense, NATOs role has changed very little: it ensures the security of its member states through collective action. But in a much more complex and thorough sense, NATOs role in the international community has greatly evolved and changed. No longer is it a defensive, reactionary organization, with the unstated sole purpose of deterring a specific state. Rather, it is now a pro-active alliance, responding to contemporary security problems, which often arise from weakness in foreign political and state structures, through a variety of preventative political, military and humanitarian responses. Bibliography: Brown, Michael E. World Interests and the Changing Dimensions of Security. (1998) in Klare, M. T. & Chandrani, Y. (ed.) World Security; Challenges for a New Century Third Ed. (pp. 180199) St. Martins Press inc. New York, New York. Brown, Seyom. World Interests and the Changing Dimensions of Security. (1998) in Klare, M. T. & Chandrani, Y. (ed.) World Security; Challenges for a New Century Third Ed. (pp. 1-17) St. Martins Press inc. New York, New York. Buzan, Barry Is International Security Possible? (1991) in Booth, K. (ed.) New Thinking About Strategy and International Security Harper Collins Academic, London UK Buzan, B., Kelstrup, M., Lemaitre P., Tromer, E. & Wver, O. The European Security Order Recast: Scenarios for the Post-Cold War Era (1990) Pinter Publishers, London UK Johansen, Robert C. World Interests and the Changing Dimensions of Security. (1998) in Klare, M. T. & Chandrani, Y. (ed.) World Security; Challenges for a New Century Third Ed. (pp. 386-410) St. Martins Press inc. New York, New York. Kaplan, Morton A. The Rationale for NATO: European Collective Security Past and Future (1973) American Institute for Public Policy and Research, Washington D.C. Lundestad, Geir. East, West, North, South: Major Developments in International Relations Since 1945 (2004) Sage Publications Ltd., London UK. NATO Press Release, NAC-S(99)65, 24 Apr. 1999,, accessed 18 Nov. 2005 ONeil, R. Western Security Policy Towards the Third World. (1990) in ONeil, R. & Vincent, R.J. The West and the Third World Macmillan Academic and Professional Ltd., London UK Reynolds, David One World Divisible: A Global history Since 1945 (2000), Penguin Books, London UK The North Atlantic Treaty Washington D.C. US (1945), from, accessed 18 Nov. 2005
First, they gave us targeted ads. Now, data scientists think they can change the world – Jeff Hammerbacher, co-founder and chief scientist, Cloudera Well, something has to pay the bills. Thankfully, there’s also a sweeping trend in the data science world right now around bringing those skills to bear on some really meaningful problems, from the effects of tree pruning to mapping humanitarian crises around the world. I don’t know about you, but I’m willing to sacrifice a little digital privacy if it means saving some lives. We’ve already covered some of these efforts, including the SumAll Foundation’s work on modern-day slavery and future work on child pornography. Closely related is the effort — led by’s deep pockets — to create an international hotline network for reporting human trafficking and collecting data. Microsoft, in particular Microsoft Research’s danah boyd, has been active in helping fight child exploitation using technology. This week, I came across two new efforts on different ends of the spectrum. One is ActivityInfo, which describes itself on its website as “an online humanitarian project monitoring tool” — developed by Unicef and a consulting firm called BeDataDriven — that “helps humanitarian organizations to collect, manage, map and analyze indicators.” That partnership actually seems fairly well established (the ActivityInfo website claims it’s used by more than 75 organizations across more than 15,000 sites), although I came across it via a blog post about why BeDataDriven decided to build the database on Google’s cloud. ActivityInfo's map editor. ActivityInfo’s map editor. The other effort I came across is DataKind, specifically its work helping the New York City Department of Parks and Recreations, or NYC Parks, quantify the benefits of a strategic tree-pruning program. Founded by renowned data scientists Drew Conway and Jake Porway (who’s also the host of the National Geographic channel’s The Numbers Game), DataKind exists for the sole purpose of helping non-profit organizations and small government agencies solve their most-pressing data problems. It accomplishes this goal by hosting weekend-long DataDives — essentially hackathons for data scientists — as well by facilitating longer-term engagements between volunteer data scientists or DataKind staff and organizations. Saving money by proving what every landscaper knows One of those volunteers is Brian Dalessandro, VP of data science for display advertising platform Media6Degrees. He met Porway at a data-industry function in New York in late 2012, was sold on DataKind’s vision (“[Jake’s] very convincing that you should be passionate about it, too,” Dalessandro said) and got involved with his first DataDive shortly thereafter. The beneficiary organization: NYC Parks, which wanted help quantifying the benefits of tree pruning and the neighborhoods most at risk of tree damage from storms. Delassandro tackling storm damage at the DataDive. Delassandro tackling storm damage at the DataDive. The benefits of mapping the neighborhoods in peril are pretty obvious, but doesn’t everyone already know that pruning keeps trees healthier and reduces the risk of falling limbs and other accidents? Kind of, Delassandro explained. Up to this point, all of the evidence has been anecdotal, which isn’t always enough when it comes to new expenditures in tight city budgets. “They knew what they wanted to solve,” Dalessandro recalled, “they just didn’t know if they had the right ingredients to solve it.” NYC Parks came to the DataDive with three datasets it hoped would do the trick — a census of every public tree in the city; a log of every work order on those trees; and a log of when each city block’s trees were pruned. After scraping some weather data and figuring out a working definition of “risk” that was both quantifiable and satisfied the department’s needs, Dalessandro and some others were able to solve the storm-prediction problem. Quantifying the effects of pruning turned out to be a hairier problem, though. So, for the next four months, Dalessandro went to work during his spare time trying to solve it. Most of the work went to formatting the datasets so he could actually work with them like they were the same thing. This is actually a common issue with government agencies and non-profits, Porway noted, because they’re usually collecting data for accounting or reporting purposes rather than to use for statistic analysis. Once the data was ready to go, though, Dalessandro was able to rework some existing code, which he had previously written to predict whether ads actually caused people to buy products, and do the actual analysis. “Instead of people converting, there’s trees and limbs falling off,” he analogized. You know, classic parks department stuff. Source: Brian Delassandro You know, classic parks department stuff. Source: Brian Delassandro In the end, he found that pruning reduces hazardous work orders the following year on the blocks pruned by 22 percent. The next steps are to put his results into a business context, presumably to make a case for a better-planned and more-comprehensive pruning system. If it’s cheaper than sending out crews to fix damage, that’s probably not a bad idea. Can you solve bigger problems without targeting a few ads? As easy as it is to rip data science in the name of advertising, though, it seems like having that high-pressure business experience actually really helps with data volunteerism. One of SumAll’s missions is to teach the non-profits it works with to think about businesses in terms of what key performance indicators they want to track. Porway said DataKind is quite focused on teaching organizations to think like data scientists, even that just means structuring their data consistently so they can analyze it if they need to. For his part, Dalessandro is excited to volunteer again, in part because he likes putting his well-honed technological skills to work in the name of the greater good. At previous jobs, he said, volunteering meant spending eight hours at the park pulling weeds or something equally mundane. However, he said, if someone needs a type of predictive model that he could build in his sleep, he could deliver truly meaningful results in just a couple hours. If there’s a dark lining to this silver cloud, though, it’s that there will always be more problems than people to solve them. That doesn’t dissuade Porway, though, who sees a growing movement every time hundreds of people show up at a DataKind event, new chapters popping up overseas and the work being done by his peers in other organizations. Beside, he said, while some people are tackling difficult problems, there are lots of organizations who could benefit even from simple things like visualizations. And free help is probably a better option than trying to bring those skills inside an organization. “Trying to hire data scientists to do this,” Porway said, “would be a Herculean task given how rare they are.”
The price of cultural heritage – 天价文物和贱价文化 – English 11 paragraph translated (11 in total) Read or translate in The successive evolution of technology from the neolithic has resulted in a large number of ancient artifacts and a wealth of cultural heritage, but in the chaos of time, much of it has been lost. But the paradox is that, over the last twenty years, these artifacts have seen a large-scale, magnificent resurrection, subverting the usual pattern for the history of ancient artifacts and technology. The digging up of ancient artifacts in China can be divided into three phases. First, after the second Reform and Opening movement in 1993, launching a new wave of urban construction, massive urban expansion encroached on the countryside, many tracts of land were turned up, brining numerous ancient artifacts to light. Second, the development of higways and digging up of old forests meant excavation of more ancient artifacts. Third, in recent years, with new rural constructions, the widespread implementation of the forest contracting system, farmers planting trees in the mountains and digging pits, ancient artifacts have come back to light. Twenty years later, almost every inch of land in China has been turned over, and artifacts buried 2 to 8 meters under the ground have all been dug out, and forced to see the sun of the greedy 21st century. Black market traffic of ancient artifacts support this massive unearthing. Rural dealers purchase them from farmers at a low price, then sell them to the City collectors. From there, they flow out to Taiwan, Hong Kong, and overseas, and are finally bought back by Chinese collectors for hundreds of millions. This black market in heritage goods is one of the largest sources of private capital growth. Given their unique nature, the value of historical artifacts is already higher than gold, and they have the potential to reach that of diamonds. They are more profitable than drugs, and have become China’s largest source of private wealth creation. It has been estimated that the current total value of historical artifacts reaches 12 trillion Yuan, nearly half of the Shanghai or Shenzhen stock market capitalisation of 26 trillion. So far, by 2010, the auction price of cultural artifacts had already reached the hundreds of millions, with over 10,000 different pieces. In 2011, the record for highest price of a single artifact was broken at 420 million. That year, the Chinese ancient artifact market entered the ‘hundred million’ era, and became a money black hole for rare objects. As the market for cultural artifacts exploded, there have been a whole range of scandals. In 2009, in London, a decorated bottle from the Qing Dynasty was sold to a rich Zhejiang merchant for 550 million. This was a miracle scene in the history of Ancient Chinese artifact auction history. However, the bottle, apart from displaying remarkable craftsmanship, did not have any particular points of interest, the type, colours, decoration, all exuded the gaudy smells of the Qianlong era. In my opinion, the value of this object was only one percent of the price it went for. Another scandal occured this year in March, at an Asian antique auction in New York. A common coloured jar from the Chinese Republic, valued at 8000 – 12000 Yuan, was unexpectedly chased up by Chinese antique dealers, and reached the price of 120 million, and became the prominent black dragon of international art auctions in recent years. International artifact collectors all showed a secret smile. The third scandal happened in March this year at the Tianjin cultural fair. A second-rate ink painting called ‘Yellow River roaring’ was bought by naive investors for 180 millions, to the great astonishment of art historians. One after the other, these scandals exposed the shortcomings of the Chinese ancient artifact market. First, the low wisdom of the art market, they don’t have the most basic understanding; second, the inability to identify ancient artifacts, or make a correct judgement on their authenticity; three, in light of the above two, collectors can only take part as a gamble, and the entire transaction is dominated by the psychology of gambling. This gaming of the market is the biggest wrong happening in the collection of ancient artifacts and heritage. The ancient artifacts market is transforming into a super casino, and becomes a giant amusement park for gamblers. This is a dramatic repetition of the fate of the Chinese stock market. The casino effect destroys the basic logic behind the collection and circulation of ancient artifacts. It can only lead to the emergence of super-gamblers, it cannot cultivate lovers, connoisseurs and protectors of culture, and even less can it convert them into promoters of a cultural revival. Although the price of cultural relics goes higher and higher, forming a gigantic bubble, the cultural level of collectors is crashing, and the status of Chinese culture has never been so shaky. China’s largest collection of artifacts and cultural symbol – the Forbidden City – has been the object of many negative comments in recent years, showing signs of its retreat. If we only talk about the loopholes in its security system, this is no more than a management problem, and the many typos and errors in the letters of commendation and apology have long been assessed by the public as a sign of low cultural quality. But turning a monopoly on public cultural resources into a money-making scheme for the minority reveals the real enemies of culture, which is misappropriation and monopoly of bureaucratic power over cultural relics. In the 2011 show ‘Forbidden City’, corruption was already shown as without limit, and the magnificent repairs of traditional cultural landmarks were clearly showing its odor. On the one hand, we see the price of cultural artifacts racing up, on the other hand, we see overall cultural values collapse, this contrast forms a sharp allegory. In Chinese history, there has never been such a strange scene. The stories of the cultural artifacts market and the Forbidden City have confirmed to us that historical productions forming a common resource have been embezzled, gambled on, divided, consumed, wasted and poisoned. There seems to be no official responsible for this, and there is no sign that a system of protection is coming forward. But in the depths of the cultural artifact price bubble, officials have thoroughly improved their skills and levels of bribery. When ancient culture perishes to become a tool of profit, Chinese civilisation is falling off the cliff of ancient history. Everybody can hear its scream of pain. Source: Author’s blog. Date: 13 June 2011. Editor: Cheng Shicai. Article Revisions: Source : 21ccom About julien.leyre
Global Horizons Sukhpal Kaur Sangha Forget Nuclear Deals, What About Nuclear Waste? After the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown disaster, one of the effects of the backlash was a considerable craze over environmentalism and green-friendly consumer products. Lately, however, what has drawn the attention of world economies is the potential and actual process of lifting sanctions placed on countries that are suspected of developing, or have illegally obtained nuclear weapons. By lifting sanctions, countries which had experienced severe economic repercussions can thrive once again. Which in turn, allows their trading partners to benefit due to the trade of goods and services amongst these countries, thereby improving multiple economies. Iran is making headlines as one of these countries. The United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany Russia and China reached an agreement with Iran over its nuclear program. Iran’s nuclear program has the potential to create nuclear weapons, a problem among the international community, which responded by placing sanctions on Iran. However, with this new deal, in exchange for Iran’s cooperation in dismantling or converting large parts of its nuclear program, these sanctions would be lifted. Iran does not currently have nuclear weapons, but it does have an enormous stockpile of uranium, which it is required to reduce. The environmental impact of reducing uranium is immense. Japan also drew attention recently regarding nuclear plants. Japan has reopened the Sendai nuclear power plant, the first to reopen since 2011, when all of Japan’s nuclear power plants were shut down. The environmental impact of the Fukushima meltdown resulted in major environmental damage, such as residents being exposed to high levels of radiation in the air to damage to the ecosystem. This disaster also lead to the largest discharging of radioactive material into the ocean. With all these recent developments regarding the use of nuclear energy to the reduction of nuclear programs, it leaves one to wonder about nuclear waste. The topic of nuclear waste is somewhat under-reported in international affairs. Currently, the solution seems to be to bury nuclear waste. The most widely known example of the attempt to bury nuclear waste comes from Finland, which is in the process of building the world’s first permanent nuclear-waste repository, known as Onkalo. A system of underground tunnels are already under construction, and the tunnels are expected to last for at least one hundred thousand years. The completion of this project will not be until the 2100s. A 3D Schematic of the Onkalo nuclear waste facility. Besides the solution of burying nuclear waste, another solution seems to be to try to convert the radioactive waste into a glasslike product, which would then be stored underground. The United States is currently trying to implement this solution at the Hanford nuclear site, which is scheduled to open soon. However, a leaked draft report states there are multiple design susceptibilities and serious flaws in the way nuclear waste is to be handled at the plant. Some serious design issues include ventilation of the waste handling areas to the process of converting nuclear waste into the glasslike product. In Canada, nuclear waste is stored in specially designed facilities. These facilities are meant to be temporary, however no long-term solution has been implemented and it remains unclear if “temporary” will become permanent. Nuclear waste can have serious effects on human health. When one is reading about nuclear deals to nuclear plants, it is crucial to wonder and engage in asking where the nuclear waste is going and will the world’s countries ever find a safe, permanent solution. For now, the solution of burying nuclear waste is a dangerous one and could affect the world’s environment greatly should accidents happen underground, contaminating ground water and soil. Citizens should pressure their respective governments to find long-term safer solutions regarding nuclear waste to protect the world’s environment. Sukhpal Kaur Sangha
nick comer programmer, tinkerer, learner Observing the 2nd law of thermodynamics in software There are probably an innumerable ways to phrase the 2nd law of thermodynamics. For the purposes of this post, this definition should serve the point well: The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy (disorder) of an isolated system can never decrease over time. If this definition can be parsed and framed in a software development context, it can sort of lend a vague idea of how software “ages” over time. That being, software starts in an ordered state and will gradually become disordered as time goes on; and attempting to reverse that is extremely difficult and will only succeed in introducing more disorder. Knowing the source of that “aging” (disorder) can help programmers know where to start and how to continue introducing changes to software in a way that is in keeping with the natural increase of disorder in a particular system. If programmers strive to make software incredibly minimalist and restrictive from the beginning, and only make changes that do not attempt to fight the natural increase of disorder, that software will age gracefully and slowly over time — eventually needing replacement after a long, well-served life-span. Whereas if attempts are made to be “clever” or to create something that is “flexible” when implementing the MVP of a piece of software, it will most likely end in the need to re-factor, which will cause an exponential increase of disorder in that software. The following example of a bug in a piece of Java demonstrates this theory. It plainly shows how lack of defensiveness in programming can lead to the rapid aging of software. Everything should be “private” by default. Encapsulation is an incredibly useful tool in the never-ending fight against entropy in software. By using encapsulation, it is possible to explicitly designate certain parts of a code-base as “off-limits” and subject to change without notice. It is contradictory to state an explicit reason for having things “private” by default. Rather it is more useful to say that parts of software that are “public” should have an explicit reason for being that way. The following snippet shows a DB connection component that exposes its own dependencies (the underlying for all the world to see/use/misuse: final public class DatabaseConnection { public Socket connection; After seeing numerous bug reports about transactions being left open, the engineering team finds that other parts of the code base are directly accessing the connection. Doing things like this maybe: public boolean saveUser(...) { // ... String query = "BEGIN; SET CONSTRAINTS user_order_uniq DEFERRED"; OutputStream w = dbConnection.connection.getOutputStream(); Oh dear, that could probably be why those bugs are happening. Awesome, the source of the bug has been found and the engineering team is going to fix it by making the underlying socket private. One problem: taking something that is public and attempting to make it private represents a move from disorder to order; which is attempting to reverse the natural progression of all systems. In the attempt to make this move, the first step will be to find all the places in the code-base that make use of this public property and fix those so that they don’t do this anymore. If the tooling around the project is amazing, there will be some static code analysis to use; but most will end up having to grep the entire code-base. If this were a library of some sort, there would be no choice but to issue a major, non-BC release to fix this; thus not only aging the library but all the code-bases that depend on that library! And suddenly the attempt to fix this loophole has spiraled in scope and is causing a lot of entropy exhaust. Here is where the phenomenon can be seen out in the open: it is fundamentally difficult to reduce the amount of disorder in a code-base, much like it is near impossible to reduce the amount of entropy in a physical system. The natural way to write this would have been to treat everything as private by default. Only once there is an explicit and concrete reason for making something public would it be appropriate to do so. Going from private to public is backwards compatible and not disruptive to anything. The above only represents a single example in a single language of this “anomaly” of software. There are sure to be countless other examples across languages/technologies/stacks to be found of disorder increasing in software over time. If this observation is presently recognized throughout in the development and maintenance of software, it will lead to decisions in the overall design of software that embrace this natural progression and gracefully age software.
Quick Answer: Why Is Opportunity Cost Important In Business? What is your opportunity cost of taking this course? Your opportunity cost of taking this course is: … the cost of the activity you would have chosen if you had not taken the course.. How do decisions affect your future? Our future is determined by the choices we make, don’t make, or leave for others to make for us. If we don’t like the present we are living, we can create a new one – the power is ours. Future success is not the result of just one monumental decision. It is the result of a continuous series of choices every day. What is the significance of opportunity cost? Perrow “opportunity cost is the amount of the next best produce that must be given up (using the same resources) in order to produce a commodity.” The concept is useful in the determination of the relative prices of different goods. What does opportunity mean to you? For us opportunity means a chance to grow, change, learn new things and to do things better than before – as individuals and team. It also means exploring earlier unknown territories to identify potential improvement and growth areas for your brand and business. What is opportunity cost and its importance in decision making? “Opportunity cost is the cost of a foregone alternative. If you chose one alternative over another, then the cost of choosing that alternative is an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is the benefits you lose by choosing one alternative over another one.” How does opportunity cost affect your life? Is opportunity cost included in cash flow? While not specifically included in the definition of a relevant cash flow (as noted above) opportunity costs are also relevant cash flows. What’s the difference between a trade off and an opportunity cost? A trade-off is isolating what that forgone alternative is, and opportunity cost involves calculating the cost of the trade-off. How important is the opportunity cost for the business? Opportunity Cost helps a manufacturer to determine whether to produce or not. He can assess the economic benefit of going for a production activity by comparing it with the option of not producing at all. He may invest the same amount of money, time, and resources in another business or Opportunity. What is an opportunity cost in business? What Is Opportunity Cost? Opportunity costs represent the potential benefits an individual, investor, or business misses out on when choosing one alternative over another. The idea of opportunity costs is a major concept in economics. What is opportunity cost diagram? Definition – Opportunity cost is the next best alternative foregone. If we spend that £20 on a textbook, the opportunity cost is the restaurant meal we cannot afford to pay. If you decide to spend two hours studying on a Friday night. The opportunity cost is that you cannot have those two hours for leisure. What is an opportunity cost example? Examples of Opportunity Cost. Someone gives up going to see a movie to study for a test in order to get a good grade. The opportunity cost is the cost of the movie and the enjoyment of seeing it. … The opportunity cost of taking a vacation instead of spending the money on a new car is not getting a new car. What does a higher opportunity cost mean? Assuming your other options were less expensive, the value of what it would have cost to rent elsewhere is your opportunity cost. Sometimes the opportunity cost is high, such as if you gave up the chance to locate in a terrific corner store that was renting for just $2,000/month. What is opportunity cost in accounting? Opportunity cost is the profit lost when one alternative is selected over another. The concept is useful simply as a reminder to examine all reasonable alternatives before making a decision. … Opportunity cost does not necessarily involve money. What factors into opportunity cost for a decision? Three Key Factors of Opportunity CostMoney. With financial considerations to weigh, the key question to ask before making an opportunity cost decision is what else would you do with the money you’re about to spend on a single decision? … Time. … Effort/Sweat equity. What is opportunity cost give example? What are some other examples of opportunity cost? A student spends three hours and $20 at the movies the night before an exam. The opportunity cost is time spent studying and that money to spend on something else. What is opportunity cost explain with example?
What Is The Famous Line From Hamlet? What is the most famous quote? What is the moral of Hamlet? “O shame, where is thy blush?” Hamlet accuses his mother of acting shamelessly in marrying his Uncle in rude haste after the death of his father. But the truth is everyone in Hamlet acts shamelessly and for us the moral of the play is the production of shame in its audience. What is a good positive quote? What does Hamlet mean by his very first line the aside? 67] Hamlet says this in an aside. It means that Claudius is both his uncle and stepfather, but a bad person. … [Hamlet,1.2. 133] Hamlet says this in his first soliloquy. This is the first time he speaks about suicide, wishing that his stained (defiled) skin would just fall off his bones and decompose. Who says to thine own self be true? “To thine own self be true,” says Polonius in Hamlet. This phrase has become enormously popular, so much so that there are entire Tumblrs of photographs of people bearing “to thine own self be true” tattoos and other paraphernalia. What is Hamlet’s tragic flaw? What does Hamlet mean by to be or not to be? The soliloquy is essentially all about life and death: “To be or not to be” means “To live or not to live” (or “To live or to die”). Hamlet discusses how painful and miserable human life is, and how death (specifically suicide) would be preferable, would it not be for the fearful uncertainty of what comes after death. What are inspiring words? What are some cute quotes? What are Hamlet’s last words? What is the most beautiful quote? What is the most famous movie quote ever? AFI’s 100 YEARS…100 MOVIE QUOTES”Frankly, my dear, I don’t give a damn.” GONE WITH THE WIND (1939) … “I’m gonna make him an offer he can’t refuse.” THE GODFATHER (1972) … “You don’t understand! I coulda had class. … “Toto, I’ve a feeling we’re not in Kansas anymore.” THE WIZARD OF OZ (1939) … “Here’s looking at you, kid.” CASABLANCA (1942) What is a soliloquy? Is Hamlet actually mad? Despite the evidence that Hamlet is actually mad, we also see substantial evidence that he is just pretending. The most obvious evidence is that Hamlet himself says he is going to pretend to be mad, suggesting he is at least sane enough to be able to tell the difference between disordered and rational behavior. Why did Hamlet send a letter to Horatio? In act 4, scenes 6 and 7, Hamlet has different reasons for sending letters about his return to Denmark to Horatio and Claudius. Hamlet wants his friend Horatio to know that he is safe and also asks him to help convey the other letters to Claudius. He also raises suspicion about Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. What has happened to Ophelia? What does the letter say in Hamlet? What words or phrases does Hamlet repeat? Hamlet also repeats the words “remember” (lines 102, 104, 118) and “memory” (lines 103, 105). Together the words “villain,” “remember,” and “memory” develop the central idea of revenge by demonstrating Hamlet’s intention to honor the Ghost’s request to kill his enemy, Claudius.
Good conclusions for essays Full Guide on Writing a High-Quality Essay \| GoodWritingHelp.com Leadership Essay - A Good Leader - UK Essays \| UKEssays is a 'good leader' is a subjective judgement and cannot be based, for example, on financial performance alone. The aim of the following essay. is to investigate whether certain characteristics are related to good leadership and which can be identified in theories and models of leadership such as How to Write a Good Conclusion for an Essay - 7 Ninja Steps With that in mind, it is not just a gesture of good will, but our job and our moral obligation to keep this planet safe and sound for future generations, the same way previous generations have kept it safe for us. The Final Word. While writing a conclusion for your essay is a bit of challenge, it is not exactly a nightmare either. Conclusion paragraphs - Academic Skills Office The conclusion is not the place to present new facts (should be in the body of your essay), so conclusions don't usually have references unless you come up with a 'punchy' quote from someone special as a final word. Writing pattern for conclusion paragraphs. The conclusion to an essay is rather like a formal social farewell. How to write a good Dissertation Conclusion - PenMyPaper Climate Communication \| Conclusion Structuring an introduction, a paragraph and a conclusion Structuring a conclusion . Your conclusion is the final paragraph of writing in an assignment. It must summarise (very briefly) every important idea you have discussed in your work as well as draw conclusions based upon the evidence you have presented. You need to make sure that you have directly answered the question. How To Write a Dissertation Conclusion in UK \| Research Prospect Dissertation Conclusion Guidelines. Dissertation conclusion is a core element of your research paper which is why you will be required to follow a specific set of guidelines in order to showcase the findings of your study in a logical manner. How to Start a Dissertation Conclusion. Always write your conclusion in a clear and simple language. Essay Structure - Harvard College Writing Center Lots of students know that writing a good conclusion requires some particular skills. How to write a conclusion for an essay if your skills are zero? This article will describe the main purpose of essay conclusion and will teach you how to make your readers impressed after they finished with your text How to Write a Killer Essay Conclusion - Kibin Blog For your point of interest at the end of your essay conclusion, it is often a good idea to give an idea of what would happen if the reader, or the world as a whole, chose the opposing point of view. Be descriptive; paint a picture. A Narrative Essay Conclusion. Narrative essays are just a whole other ball game. You’re not analyzing, arguing ... How Do I Write an Intro, Conclusion, & Body Paragraph? \| U-M LSA ... How to Write a Conclusion: A Single Paragraph for the Best Paper #1 Drawing Conclusions. The easiest way is to draw a conclusion about everything that you have said in your paper. This way is identical to the one you use for a research paper. A student who understands how to write a good conclusion paragraph for an essay will avoid the following: Repeating what you said. Conclusion Generator Online to Summarize Your Paper ... Check These Points To Make Your Conclusion Paragraph Perfect. Your summary won't be successful until your paragraphs and phrases are in good condition. Each of the paragraphs should reveal the research of the task, in order for the conclusion paragraph generator to weigh everything for and against for a wonderful illation. How to Conclude an Essay - Help with Writing Good Conclusion ... Writing conclusions is pretty easy because all you’re doing is restating the main points, and letting your reader know you’ve reached the end of your essay. A good conclusion does the following: It gives an essay a neat finish; It ties all points of an essay, making it complete; There are a couple of ways you can write a conclusion, which ...
Professor Valery Feigin’s Globally Endorsed Stroke Prevention App The Stroke Riskometer is a free mobile app that enables people to assess their risk of a stroke in the next 5-10 years. The app’s creator, Professor Valery Feigin of BRNZ, is a stroke neuroepidemiologist who saw mobile technology as the perfect means to get information about stroke out to the public. “Mobile has enormous outreach and is the future of personal medicine,” Valery said, “stroke causes 10% of all deaths. The only solution to this global problem is prevention on a global scale.” Intervention can only work if people have access to the information. The app involves a simple interactive quiz that covers topics as broad as medical risk factors, diet, physical inactivity, alcohol and stress. This information is analysed to calculate a percentage likelihood of stroke within a five to ten year period. Results are then compared to those of an individual of the same age who expresses no risk factors. If your risk is higher than someone of the same age with no risk factors you have a head start in addressing those risks before anything happens. A recent update to the app allows users to submit their information to a massive international research project called the RIBURST study. With input from healthcare experts over 30 countries, and an ever growing pool of participants, the study has been heralded as the largest international health collaboration ever undertaken. The global study is estimated to significantly contribute to the reduction of the global stroke epidemic, saving millions of lives and billions of dollars in the process. It’s never too early or too late to know where your health stands. Try the app on Apple Store: and Google Play: For further inquiries speak with Professor Valery Feigin Telephone: (09) 921 9166 Latest News and Events
February 1: St. Tryphon, Patron Saint of Birds Updated: Jan 21, 2019 The third century martyr, St. Tryphon, who had the task of tending geese as a child, was also known from his childhood to possess the graces of casting out demons and obtaining the favor of God through prayer. He is credited with having saved his village from starvation by praying that a plague of locusts which had descended upon their grain crops be driven away from their fields. He is also known as the patron saint of birds due to a Russian legend that comes from the time of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. The tsar's falconer, named Tryphon Patrykiev, was hunting one day and carelessly lost the tsar's favorite falcon. Enraged by the loss of his prized bird, Tsar Ivan ordered that Tryphon be given three days to find the bird, or he would have to pay for his mistake with his life. Of course, Tryphon Patrykiev spent his every waking moment looking for the bird and on the third day of the search he grew so exhausted that he fell down under a tree to catch his breath and there, he fell fast asleep. In a dream, the martyr Tryphon, his patron saint, appeared to him riding a white horse and carrying the missing falcon on his arm. He told the man not to worry any longer, and that he had heard his frantic prayers and would come to his aid. Once Tryphon Patrykiev awoke, he was thrilled and surprised to have promptly spotted the falcon in a nearby pine tree and he rejoiced and praised his patron saint and gave thanks to God for sparing his life as he took the bird back to his owner, the Tsar. It seems only fitting that we should make something today that has to do with both grain and birds, reminding us of both miracles attributed to St. Tryphon: lets build a bird feeder, or tend to the ones we already have, filling them with grain in honor of the saint. We made this feeder by cutting the top off of a plastic 1liter bottle and then cutting the flat bottom out of a disposable plastic bowl. Slipping the bowl over the top of the bottle, we then covered it with aluminum foil to form a little dome to make a little awning for your bird friends while they eat. Next, we punched two holes in the bottom of the plastic bottle top (from underneath the bowl), directly opposite each other and ran both ends of a length of string down through the mouth of the bottle and then we slipped each end of the string through one of the holes. Meanwhile, we took a cardboard toilet tissue roll and smeared the outside of it generously with peanut butter and rolled it in some birdseed. Then, we slipped one end of the string through the toilet tissue roll and tied it to the other string, hiding the knot inside the tube. You may have to slide your string around a bit to make it look even. Then you can hang the bird feeder outside and see what birds may come and visit! 153 views0 comments Recent Posts See All
Civil Discourse As you may or may not know, I began my career in education as a history teacher. As a child, history was my first love and I enjoyed learning about history just for the sake of knowledge. I would immerse myself in the stories to understand each minute detail. However, as I progressed in years throughout my teaching career, through careful reflection I realized that the way I was instructing my students was benefiting only me and was not providing any applicable skills to my students that they would need in their life. My apologies to the amazing students that I had when I began teaching. You know who you are! I was simply trying to spark their interest in the content. I moved away from teaching social studies as a content area and focused rather on the skills needed to understand human behavior as well as historical perspective. One skill that was the focus of everything we analyzed in history class was developing an evidence-based argument. This required my students to develop arguments either by debate or the written word through the lens of a historical perspective. Each year when we began focusing on such arguments, together we created a list of norms for how we could successfully express our arguments and potentially reach someone else so that they too will understand, sympathize, or perhaps adopt your perspective. These norms were always set by the students. Each year the order for what students developed was a little different and the wording changed, but the concepts stayed the same. The 9 factors that go into creating a great argument are listed below and pulled from a rubric I used with my students. I have combined similar thoughts to summarize and represent the thoughts of many different classes. 1. Purpose of an argument: to get someone else to adopt your perspective. 2. It’s great to think something, or believe something...but when presenting an argument you must provide evidence. People care about what you can prove. 3. You must acknowledge contrasting points of view and the evidence that an opposing side might bring to the table. 4. You must acknowledge where the other side may have merit, but use your argument and evidence to dissuade a reader from adopting the same perspective. In an argument there are shades of gray you can use to your advantage or the other side will use it against you. 5. You must use your evidence to refute the other side’s argument. 6. Understand that the longer someone has had deeply entrenched beliefs, the more difficult it will be to convince them of your argument. You won’t gain anything from an emotionally charged discussion with them. You must use the evidence! 7. Human emotion will always play a role in how your thoughts are received. Be cognizant of how the information you present will affect the person receiving your argument. 8. Don’t alienate your audience. If the tone you have constructed in your argument insults or humiliates someone else you have lost the argument before it has begun. While you may get all of your thoughts and perspectives out in a way “louder” than others, if you have insulted or humiliated someone else based on their core beliefs will they ever understand your perspective? Instead, the only people who will listen to you will be the people who have already adopted your point-of-view making your argument irrelevant and defeating your purpose outlined in #1. Again the purpose of an argument is to get someone else to adopt your perspective. 9. Don’t allow misinformation to advance your cause. This may provide you with a short-termed victory. In time, it will hurt your cause as people won’t know what to believe and their activism on the topic will be lost (I don’t know the truth anymore so I stopped caring at all). As a teacher, you may never fully understand the impact you may have had directly or indirectly on your students. As a former social studies teacher, I can sometimes see a small glimpse of this on social platforms or just as members of my former community. Our country is extremely polarized and tensions are extremely volatile. I have been impressed with many former students that I have seen take political stands both digitally and in person. More so, they understand the discourse necessary to advance their argument and they aren’t posting material designed to only create emotional waves. Instead, they focus their discourse on what will promote change. I may not agree with their positions, but I admire the ways in which they put them forward. While I can’t take credit for who they have become as people or as participants in our society, it will never keep me from feeling the pride I have knowing that they once sat in front of me as students. It gives me hope for a change in social justice, political discourse, and human discourse in our country, and that we might one day reach a point where we value dialogue over self-serving monologues. In closing, out of the norms listed above, number 8 has always hit close to home for me. It’s something that I have carried with me as an Instructional Coach. One of my favorite projects throughout the year is our social justice projects in 7th grade ELA where we revisit these same themes and concepts. I think we all fall into this trap when we engage in discussion. When in argumentative or potentially controversial conversation, we are thinking about what we will say next rather than considering the validity of someone else’s opinion or even listening to the words they are speaking. Likewise, it is easier to brand someone with a nickname or an insult than to engage in conversation. Online, we hide behind the safety of social media and use such mediums to promote what we already believe, not to enlighten ourselves as to what we do not know or understand. We resort to name calling rather than active listening. We are quick to resort to stereotypes and insults rather than to look for evidence or the truth. We may even ridicule our loved ones because their values are different than our own. I’ve witnessed this first hand in which someone puts more value in being right than the respect they have for others. They insult people to prove their point, but only alienate themselves in the process. Their word is only heard by those who already are polarized in the same way. They post, share, and retweet in an effort to “one-up” the other side. Ask yourself…if someone insulted me at the beginning of a conversation before I even uttered a word, would I want to listen to what they had to say? Yet, we walk away feeling that we have “won.” I ask you, how does that lead to progress? I believe you can stand for something, without cutting the legs out from underneath those who may oppose your opinions, perspectives, or ideologies. Stand for knowledge. Stand for evidence. Stand for the truth. Most of all, help those who can't stand for themselves. Be kind people!
The Fascinating History of Parking It's the untold chapter of America's love affair with its cars. There are 735 million cars in the world. As a new exhibit at the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C., reminds us, those vehicles spend most of their time at rest. "House of Cars" traces the unexpectedly fascinating history of parking garages. It's the untold chapter of the story of America's love affair with its cars. And it's a study in the sorry sacrifices cities have made to adapt themselves to the auto age. The earliest garages were enclosed buildings--cars back then could not endure rain and cold. Façades were adorned with architectural flourishes. Inside, systems of lifts and turntables deposited vehicles in tight corners. Typically, garages included fully staffed gas-and-service stations. By mid-century, innovations in ramp design, building materials and vehicle durability led to the open-air, concrete-deck structures familiar today. Ironically, suburbanization only yielded more garages downtown: Businesses fretted over losing out to suburban shopping malls and office parks where parking was easy. Meanwhile, city zoning laws mandating that new developments include off-street spaces turned parking into what "House of Cars" describes as "an entitlement." If Americans love easy parking, however, they're ambivalent about parking garages. Artists, photographers and filmmakers all have used empty garages to convey a sense of urban bleakness. "The parking garage is foremost a building of convenience, not a destination," the exhibit notes. If "House of Cars" has a weakness, it's that it ignores this observation by going on to celebrate the attempts of architects to craft garages that in some ways are nicer to look at. For example, there's a garage at the Kansas City public library designed to look like books. There's one in New Haven that's been gussied up with wrought-iron railings. And there's a circular garage planned in San Diego that would light up at night and be surrounded by trees. Much attention is paid to the nation's first LEED-certified parking structure, a municipal garage in Santa Monica, California, that has solar panels on the roof and charging stations for electric vehicles. Even attractive or "green" garages, however, can create pedestrian dead zones that suck the life out of a street. At a time when most cities want more walkable development around transit stations, I'd suggest that the very best parking garage is the one that doesn't have to be built at all. The next-best garage is the one you can't see. That doesn't always mean incurring the expense of putting it underground. Above-ground garages can be wrapped with retail, commercial or residential buildings in such a way that one barely notices the garage from the street. Urban planners call this a "Texas donut." It's been successful not only in Texas but also in Arlington, Virginia; Boulder, Colorado; and Cincinnati, Ohio. I doubt that the 21st century will see an end to our need for parking. But we can be less conspicuous about how we handle it than we were in the 20th. Christopher Swope was GOVERNING's executive editor.
Women should Keep calm and don't get angry As wives and mothers, some women often get angry at home, ranging from bluffing and shouting, to falling things, and even to violence, which makes husbands and children unconsciously afraid and avoid, which makes them very upset. Therefore, when anger occurs, you need to calm yourself down. Why do people get angry? When people encounter angry things, their heartbeat will accelerate in 7-10 seconds-this is the most important performance and an important factor affecting other reactions. Following this, the breathing rate will also increase The blood vessels contract, causing the blood pressure to rise, and the body begins to strain... and then it will start to get angry. According to experts, 80% of our anger is caused by ourselves." First of all, people who are angry are often inclined to act, that is, it is easy to express their ideas with actions rather than words, and this method of venting anger with actions is more likely to have a destructive effect. Secondly, people who have temper tantrums often have more inner conflicts and more conflicting emotions, which leads to demanding and dissatisfaction with others, and anger is easily triggered. In the end, when they lose their temper, they cannot understand their feelings of being injured after violent anger, but only content themselves with their impulsive emotions. Is anger true for you at 40? When the anger is burning, you should still find ways to alleviate and eliminate it. When a person gets angry, the circulatory system, nervous system, and endocrine system will be stimulated and excited to change abnormally, resulting in long spots, accelerated aging of brain cells, gastric ulcers, myocardial hypoxia, liver and lung injury, and may also Cause hyperthyroidism and damages the immune system. Therefore, anger is harmful to health and appearance. To make your mood calm and happy, you can do this Show gratitude: In doing so, others will feel happy, and you will feel better about yourself. Always smile: No matter to acquaintances or strangers, smiles are always a panacea to resolve conflicts. how to keep calm in anger situations 1. Listen patiently: Richard Carlson said: "Be calm and understand others." Before the anger is vented, if you give the other party a chance to explain, the results may be different. Even if your husband, children, or friends do something that makes you angry, you will definitely have your own reasons. You have to try to think from the perspective of the other party. 2. Leave the environment that makes you angry: There is a fierce struggle in your heart, and when it is really unbearable, you can quickly escape from the "crime scene". After changing the environment and distracting your attention, your emotions will be calmer, at least you can avoid the consequences of conflicts in person and maintain your good image. 3. Express anger in words: No matter how angry you are, you can't get out of control. You need to use more language to express, and at the same time to improve your language skills to reflect your emotions delicately and accurately. For example, you can learn some words that describe emotions, such as "I feel hurt", "I am angry because I am sad", etc. 4. Change identity to experience; You may wish to exchange your identity with your family or colleagues when you are in a good mood, let the other person play the role of an angry person, and let yourself experience the feeling of injury. Will converge when angry. "Do not do what you don't want to do to others" is the reason. The practice has found that this is a relatively effective method. There is really no control, and there is anger, and apology is a good way to recover. A sincere "sorry" is more useful, but it can't be angry every time and then apologize. Conclusion: When you encounter something that makes you angry, you should discuss the matter, not digress, and do not draw conclusions to the other person, because no one wants others to make a negative evaluation of him (her). Tough advice often hurts and creates resistance. Even if you are not malicious, your relationship has been damaged. Post a Comment Please do not spam in comments & only express your thoughts here Previous Post Next Post
The Common Problems School Guidance Counselors Come Across Careers Organizations Conflict Resolution Peer Mediation Guiding Mediation of Youth Steps of Confliction Resolution Journals Ten Great Conflict Resolution Strategies Mental Health Counseling What Is A Guidance Counselor? A guidance counselor is an indispensable part of any school administration in the elementary, middle school and high school levels. They are advocates in the students' whole being because they administer guidance of both their personal and school life. A counselor is usually licensed in their respective states and has a Master's degree in Arts, Science or Education. They have advance training in Psychology and Sociology to better assess the students' lives. They study different counseling techniques to address different needs. Job Duties Guidance Counselors make frequent assessments of the students' performance and progress. This enables them to gauge their individual requirements. High school counselors are often consulting with students regarding their future career path. So their role is a vital part of shaping the individuality of the children. Job duties vary depending on the education level they are in. Generally, they are student advocates. Common Student Problems What are the common problems school guidance counselors come across? It can sometimes be frustrating for counselors to do their job. The job requires exceptional communication skills to be able to communicate with even the most difficult students and their parents. If a counselor does it right, they can serve as a secondary parent whom students can trust and confide in. Common Elementary School Problems An elementary school student is fun and challenging to work with. They are in the time of their lives that they start to become imaginative, self-reliant and free spirited. Disciplining them becomes a challenge because this is when they have new experiences and opportunities. Behaving socially is relatively new to children in elementary level. One of the common problems school guidance counselors come across in elementary is bullying. Elementary level is where kids explore new grounds and meet new people with different characteristics. Research shows nine out of ten elementary students have experienced being bullied by their classmates and peers. Six out of ten showed that they have participated on some bullying themselves. A guidance counselor plays a big role in these matters. If someone is being bullied, a counselor will help the child cope with it by giving strategies and ideas. It will make the child feel less alone and eradicate the fear of going to school. The counselor will also converse with the one bullying and assess the reason for the child's behavior. Common High School Problems The common problems school guidance counselors come across in High School are more complex because this is the transition into adulthood. They are beginning to search for their independence and peer pressure is very powerful in influencing their decisions. Aside from creating a foreground to a student's future career, a counselor is their guide to making sound decisions in their academic, social and individual lives. Relationship with family and Parents Home issues are common problems of High school students that counselors regularly address. The student may be undergoing the divorce of parents or the lack of time they spend with them. More often than not, their stress come from their time spent at home than in school. Some teens also have a hard time talking to their parents regarding personal matters like peer pressure and sex, so they need an unbiased opinion of an adult from time to time. Substance Abuse As peer pressure is most powerful during High School, it is also a common problem that adolescents are pressured into drinking alcohol or trying drugs in order to get their peers' approval. A counselor is an advocate in raising awareness of these abusive substances to the students. They develop programs to educate students on the risks and health hazards of substance abuse. Decisions about major, career, or just higher education in general Lastly, a high school counselor will give ideas and prospect for secondary school students regarding their decisions after high school. This is a common problem for this level. Some individuals are unsure of what they want to do with their lives after graduating. A counselor will give details and information about their individual skills and academic performances. More Information Counseling and Guidance of Children 1. Advice For College-Bound Students 2. Center Against Violence and Abuse 3. College is Possible 4. Getting Ready for College Early 5. Responding to Critical Incidents 6. Some Good Questions (And Some Pretty Good Answers 7. Ten Ways to Get Along Better in School
Minamoto no Yoshitsune Biography Minamoto no Yoshitsune Popularity Index Quick Facts Born: 1159 Nationality: Japanese Died At Age: 30 Born Country: Japan Born in: Kyōto Famous as: Military Leader Military Leaders Japanese Men Spouse/Ex-: Sato Gozen (m. 1184) father: Minamoto no Yoshitomo mother: Tokiwa Gozen siblings: Ano Zenjō, Gien, Minamoto no Mareyoshi, Minamoto no Noriyori, Minamoto no Tomonaga, Minamoto no Yoritomo, Minamoto no Yoshihira, Minamoto no Yoshikado children: Shizuka Gozen Died on: June 15, 1189 place of death: Mutsu Province Cause of Death: Suicide Continue Reading Below Who was Minamoto no Yoshitsune? Minamoto no Yoshitsune was a military leader who lived in the later years of the Heian Period (794–1185) and early years of the Kamakura period (1185-1333). A commander of the Minamoto clan, he is one of the greatest and most prolific warriors in the history of Japan, as well as one of the most popular samurai fighters. Serving under his half-brother Yoritomo, he orchestrated a number of victories for their clan, helping Yoritomo establish control over Japan. The ninth son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, Yoshitsune grew up in the years following the Heiji Rebellion, in which his father and two oldest brothers perished. When he was about ten years old, he was given into the care of the monks of Kurama Temple where he spent some time. As he had no intention of becoming a monk, he left and ultimately joined Yoritomo. Yoshitsune played a crucial role in his half-brother’s rise to become the first shōgun of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan. However, the relationship later soured, and Yoshitsune sided with his uncle Minamoto no Yukiie against Yoritomo. According to some sources, he was forced to perform seppuku in June 1189, but others disagree, stating that he managed to escape his captors. Recommended Lists: Recommended Lists: Childhood & Early Life Minamoto no Yoshitsune was born in 1159 in Kyōto. His parents were Minamoto no Yoshitomo and Tokiwa Gozen. He had two older full brothers and six older half-brothers through his father. Minamoto no Yoritomo was the third son of Yoshitomo and older than Yoshitsune. In later years, Yoritomo would establish the Kamakura shogunate and become its first shōgun. As a child, Yoshitsune had the name Ushiwakamaru. His birth occurred in the months leading up to the Heiji Rebellion of early 1160. His father and two oldest brothers perished during the conflict. Yoshitsune escaped from the capital with his mother, whereas Yoritomo was sent to exile in Izu Province. When Yoshitsune was about ten years old, he was brought to the monks of Kurama Temple, located in Hiei Mountains near Kyōto. He had no desire to live a life as a monk. As a result, he made his departure from the temple with the help of a gold merchant who had been one of his father’s acquaintances. In 1174, he made his way to Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province, where he resided under the protection of Fujiwara no Hidehira, the leader of the regional Northern Fujiwara clan. Continue Reading Below You May Like Life as a Military Commander Minamoto no Yoshitsune is widely considered to be one of the greatest swordsmen in Japan’s history. In 1174, when he was only 15 years old, he had a famous duel with the notorious bandit leader Kumasaka Chohan. At the time, he was still known as Ushiwakamaru. Kumasaka Chohan was trying to rob an inn when he encountered Ushiwakamaru, who was lodging there at the time. The two fought, and Yoshitsune ultimately emerged as the victor. This incident was later adapted in a famous Noh play. Saitō Musashibō Benkei, more famous simply as Benkei, was a warrior monk who had developed a disdain for the samurai fighters who he thought were arrogant and unworthy. According to legends, Benkei would go out every night on a personal quest to gather 1000 swords from them. After taking 999 swords through duels, he encountered Yoshitsune, who was both younger and shorter than him. Their first duel was fought on Gojo Bridge, and Yoshitsune won, leaving Benkei humiliated. Some sources state that the fight happened on Matsubara Bridge, and not on Gojo Bridge. Benkei wanted revenge and sought Yoshitsune out. However, he was defeated once again at the Buddhist temple of Kiyomizu. He subsequently became one of the most trusted retainers of Yoshitsune In 1180, Minamoto no Yoshitsune came to know that Yoritomo had risen to become the leader of the Minamoto clan, and on the request of Prince Mochihito, had assembled an army to wage war against the Taira clan, which had taken control of the Imperial power. This led to the Genpei War between the rival clans. Yoshitsune came to Yoritomo and entered his service. Minamoto no Noriyori, one of their half-brothers, did the same. This was the first time that the brothers met each other. Aided by Noriyori, Yoshitsune registered successive victories against the Taira. In early 1184, on the instructions of Yoritomo, they defeated and executed their cousin Minamoto no Yoshinaka at the Battle of Awazu in Ōmi Province. Yoshinaka was a powerful opponent of Yoritomo for the control of the Minamoto clan. Having been appointed a general, Yoshitsune won against the Taira at the Battle of Ichi-no-Tani in present-day Kobe in March 1184, and once more at the Battle of Yashima in Shikoku in March 1185. Eventually, he demolished their ability to mount up any future resistance at the Battle of Dan-no-ura in modern-day Yamaguchi Prefecture. Continue Reading Below Later Life & Death After the Genpei War, Minamoto no Yoshitsune was made governor of Iyo and received other titles from cloistered emperor Go-Shirakawa. However, Yoritomo began doubting Yoshitsune and invalidated all these titles. Yoshitsune then acquired the imperial authorization to support his uncle Minamoto no Yukiie against Yoritomo. This angered Yoritomo, prompting Yoshitsune to escape from Kyōto in 1185. According to some sources, his mistress, Shizuka Gozen, who was pregnant with Yoshitsune’s child at the time, was with him in the beginning, but he deserted her in Mount Yoshino. This account is contradicted by other sources. They claim that she was sent back from some other place. Regardless, Shizuka was taken captive by Hōjō Tokimasa and forces that had sworn allegiance to Yoritomo. After she was brought before Yoritomo, he announced that if she gave birth to a daughter, the child would be allowed to live, but if it was a son, the infant would be executed. She was 19 years old when her son was born. Some sources say that both the child and Shizuka were later executed on Yoritomo’s orders. After deserting Shizuka, Yoshitsune eventually reached Hiraizumi, Mutsu, and sought and was granted the protection of Fujiwara no Hidehira. For a period, he found relative peace there, serving as Hidehira’s general. Hidehira died in 1187, and prior to his death, he made his son, Fujiwara no Yasuhira, swear that he would continue giving Yoshitsune asylum. However, after Yoritomo threatened him, Yasuhira agreed to the shōgun’s demands. On June 15, 1189, Yasuhira’s men encircled Yoshitsune’s Koromogawa-no-tachi residence. The ensuing scrimmage came to be known as the Battle of Koromo River. Yasuhira had about 500 soldiers with him, while Yoshitsune had 80 to 90 retainers on his side. Likely all members of Yoshitsune’s entourage were killed. Throughout the battle, Benkei guarded his master and ostensibly died standing up. Yoshitsune was captured and was compelled to perform seppuku. Yasuhira then took Yoshitsune’s head, placed it in sake to preserve it, put it inside a black-lacquered chest, and dispatched it to Yoritomo to prove to him that his half-brother was indeed dead. The Shirahata Jinja, a Shinto shrine in the city of Fujisawa, is dedicated to Yoshitsune and Samukawahiko-no-Mikoto, another important Japanese historical figure from the late Heian period. The Ainu historical accounts dispute the notion that Yoshitsune committed ritualistic suicide after the battle. According to these accounts, he managed to flee from the siege at Koromogawa and went to Hokkaido, taking up the name Okikurumi/Oinakamui. The Yoshitsune Shrine has been constructed in the Biratori, Hokkaido, to commemorate him. Appearances in Literature Yoshitsune has long been a major figure of literature and pop culture in Japan. He is the primary protagonist in the third section of the Japanese literary classic ‘Heike Monogatari’. One of his personal letters to Yoritomo, known as the ‘Koshigoe Letter’ (written on June 23, 1185), has survived to present day. See the events in life of Minamoto No Yoshitsune in Chronological Order How To Cite Article Title - Minamoto no Yoshitsune Biography - Editors, TheFamousPeople.com - TheFamousPeople.com People Also Viewed Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu Tomoyuki Yamashita Tomoyuki Yamashita Isoroku Yamamoto Isoroku Yamamoto Matthew C. Perry Matthew C. Perry John Graves Simcoe John Graves Simcoe Porfirio Díaz Porfirio Díaz Joshua Chamberlain Joshua Chamberlain
Why we love pugs — and other snub-nosed dogs. It’s in the eyes. If you’ve ever wondered why some dogs seem eager to make eye contact with people and others don’t, a new study offers some clues. Dogs that are snub-nosed, young or playful, and those that have been bred to respond to visual cues, such as shepherd breeds, are the most likely to look directly into the human eye, researchers have found. And it’s that loving eye contact with a dog that can help build a close bond with humans. “Eye contact is a very important signal for us humans,” said the study’s lead author, Zsófia Bognár, a Ph.D. student in the department of ethology and a research member of the Senior Family Dog Project at Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary. “It can enhance communication, cooperation and the relationship between dog and owner.” The study was published Thursday in the Nature journal Scientific Reports. While some dogs might naturally seek eye contact, that doesn’t mean others can’t learn, Bognár said in an email. “Although dog-human eye contact can be affected by at least four independent traits on the dogs’ side, it does not mean that these are the only things which determine your relationship with your dog.” Other studies have shown that humans and dogs benefit from locking eyes: Levels of oxytocin, the bonding hormone, rise for both species when they make and hold eye contact. To explore what factors might make eye contact more likely, Bognár and her colleagues rounded up 125 family dogs for the behavior experiment. All the dogs were run through a battery of tests, which started with the dogs’ meeting an unfamiliar experimenter. In a later part of the series, the dogs were invited to play with the experimenter. The 10th test evaluated the dogs’ willingness to make eye contact with their new human friends. A person stood in the middle of a room in the lab with a food pouch attached to her belt, called the dog to her and threw a piece of sausage on the ground when the dog arrived. The experimenter then stood still and waited until the dog made eye contact with her and then rewarded the dog with another bit of sausage. The researchers counted up how many times each dog made eye contact within five minutes. You can improve your dog’s willingness to form eye contact. Shorter-headed dogs, such as boxers, bulldogs, French bulldogs, Boston terriers and pugs, have that earnest gaze because their eyes are structured differently from those of other dogs; they have more retinal ganglion cells, which are responsible for initial processing visual information in the center of their visual fields, the researchers said. That means they can more easily focus on what’s in front of them, such as human owners. Dogs with long snouts have eyes more geared to peripheral vision; that is, seeing what is beside them, rather than what is in front of them, Bognár said. Puppies and playful canines were also most likely to stare into their owners’ eyes. The working or herding dogs are a natural, because they are bred to “perform their tasks alongside humans,” Bognár said. “They are in continuous visual contact with their owner or handler.” Pet dogs that don’t naturally seek eye contact can be trained to do it. “You can improve your dog’s willingness to form eye contact, which could improve your relationship, too,” she said. Dr. Katherine Houpt, an emeritus professor of animal behavior medicine at Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, in Ithaca, New York, said it’s a good idea to train a dog to make eye contact. “Because if you say ‘look’ and the dog looks into your eyes, he’s not focused on the car going by or another dog he wants to chase,” Houpt said. “You’ll have more control over him, as well as a better relationship.” “It’s really easy to train a dog to do it,” Houpt said. “You hold a piece of food away from you. Most, if they can’t get what they want, will look up at you. As soon as they do, you say ‘look’ and give the food. After about 20 times, it becomes a command.” Eye contact is important to humans, said Anne Burrows, a specialist in evolutionary anatomy and a professor at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh. “I volunteer at a dog shelter, and those that do not make eye contact don’t go very fast,” she said. Source link
Quick Answer: What Role Did The Bolsheviks Play In The Russian Revolution Of 1917? What did the Bolsheviks want to achieve? The Bolsheviks were a revolutionary party, committed to the ideas of Karl Marx. They believed that the working classes would, at some point, liberate themselves from the economic and political control of the ruling classes.. What were the main causes of Russian Revolution Class 9 in points? Top 5 Causes of the Russian Revolution – Explained!Autocratic Rule of the Czars: Czar Alexander II brought some reforms in Russia and became famous among all. … The Policy of Russification: … The Social System: … The Rise of Nihilism: … Influence of Industrial Revolution: How did World War 1 cause the Russian revolution? World War 1 led to the Russian Revolution. This is because the situation that the war created in Russia indicated that a revolution was almost inevitable. … The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, came to power on the promise that they would withdraw Russia from the war. Russia signed a peace treaty with the Central Powers. How did the United States respond to the Bolshevik Revolution? The United States responded to the Russian Revolution of 1917 by participating in the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War with the Allies of World War I in support of the White movement. The United States withheld diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union until 1933. Which best describes the relationship between World War I and the Russian Revolution? Which statement best describes the relationship between World War I and the Russian Revolution? … World War I created conditions within Russia that helped trigger a revolution. How did the Bolshevik party contribute to the Russian Revolution in 1917? In the Revolution of 1917, a Bolshevik-led armed insurrection by workers and soldiers in Petrograd successfully overthrew the Provisional Government, transferring all its authority to the Soviets. They soon relocated the national capital to Moscow. What was the impact of Bolshevik Revolution on Russia? Impact of The Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution paved the way for the rise of communism as an influential political belief system around the world. It set the stage for the rise of the Soviet Union as a world power that would go head-to-head with the United States during the Cold War. What were the immediate consequences of the Russian Revolution Class 9? Answer: The immediate consequences of the Russian Revolution were : (a) Most industries and banks were nationalized in November 1917….The Kerenskii’s government become unpopular in Russia because :His failure to feel the pulse of the nation. … People wanted peace, but he tried to continue the war.More items… What role did the Bolsheviks play in the Russian Revolution of 1917 Brainly? They worked to bring Russia into World War I to fight Austria-Hungary. … What was the relationship between ww1 and the Russian revolution? The effects of World War I gave rise to the Russian Revolution. In February and March 1917, a popular revolution forced the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the rise of a provisional government. This government, which kept Russia in the war, was itself overthrown by radical socialists just eight months later. Why was there a revolution in Russia 1917? Bloody Sunday in 1905 and the Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War both helped lead to the 1917 revolution. After taking over, the Bolsheviks promised ‘peace, land, and bread’ to the Russian people. … The tsar and other Romanovs were executed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution. What were the results of the Russian revolution? What was life like before the Russian revolution? During the period of time before the Russian Revolution, life for the working class people and the peasants was very difficult. They worked for little pay, often went without food, and were exposed to dangerous working conditions. What role did the Soviets play in the Russian revolution? The soviets represented an autonomous workers’ movement, one that broke free from the government’s oversight of workers’ unions and played a major role in the 1905 Russian Revolution. Soviets sprang up throughout the industrial centers of Russia, usually organizing meetings at the factory level.
Title of poem in essay Poetry Analysis Essay: General Facts, Examples, Rubric, Outline Poetry Analysis Essay Structure. The structure of a poetry analysis essay is pretty straightforward, seeing as it merely serves as a recommendation that you should consider when creating the first rough outline. Ideally, you should add the title of the essay at the top of the page. Afterward, write the Roman number (I) followed by ... How to Write Movie Titles in Essays Correctly. When you write an essay about movies, you will have to specify the movie title in essay many times. At a first glance, this is not a problem. However, the correctness of writing such names as movie titles in essays raise doubt quite often. Q & A: Using Quotations, Citing Sources, and Formatting the ... Do I use quotation marks or italics for the titles? It depends on the type of work: is it short (essay, poem, short story) or long, like a book (play, movie, book, novel)? Titles should be marked with italics (underlining) or quotation marks, depending on the work being discussed. SparkNotes: The Catcher in the Rye: What Does the Title Mean? What Does the Title Mean? Nothing in The Catcher in the Rye signals Holden's misinterpretation of the meaning of childhood and adulthood more precisely than the title itself. As he roams around New York City, Holden compares what he perceives as the uncorrupted innocence of children to the hypocrisy of maturity. PDF Writing a Critical Essay about Literature This 689 word poem analysis the very end by tom sleigh essay example includes a title, topic, introduction, thesis statement, body, and conclusion. эссе о экзамене on Essay about exams. Title of poem in essay national Segregation teacher essay painter essay my love story essay family has confident poem example i understood that i would never think of saying that she Title For Poem Analysis Essay I titled another analysis I did simply as "Symbolism in 'The Lottery' ." However, I would like to think of a title that is more appealing but still clearly shows what Poetry Essays - Samples & Examples - Home » AP Style » AP Style Composition Titles The following guidelines are rules set out in the AP Stylebook for AP style book titles, computer game titles, AP Style movie titles, opera titles, play titles, poem titles, album titles, AP Style song titles, radio and television titles, and the titles of lectures, speeches, and work of art. How to Write a Theme Based Essay A theme based essay is one in which you are required to write on a theme stemming from a source such as a story, book, drama, song or poem. A research paper, on the other hand, is an argument you make or analysis of your perspective on a topic that is supported by relevant information from a variety of sources. How To Punctuate Titles - Since quotation marks are "tiny," you can remember that they are used for "smaller" works within the larger work or collection. Use quotation marks for titles of poems, short stories, and book chapters; articles in journals, magazines, and newspapers; and songs, single television episodes, and commercials. Why Do You Italicize Movie Titles In Your Papers? Information source titles such as poems are italicized because they are titles of literary pieces. Just like any other information source, poem titles in quotes or italics are the go-to choice for writing styles today. In general the title of such informative sources such as articles, poems, and films. Poetry Analysis Essay Example: "Filling Station" by Elizabeth ... Presenting Properly Formatted Titles If you are referring to an individual poem, story, or article, the title should be in quotation marks. In other words, we distinguish between a major published document or work (e.g. book, album, magazine, newspaper, play) and the parts that make up that major document (e.g. chapter, poem, song, essay, short story, scene). Still I Rise By Maya Angelou English Literature Essay Still I Rise By Maya Angelou English Literature Essay. It also contains a link which leads you to poetry events in your area. This particular page of the site focuses on Black History Month and its African-American poets. It has links to featured videos, poets, poetry (both written and audio forms) and essays. The Dream of the Rood: Poem Analysis - 717 words \| Study ... The Dream of the Rood: Poem Analysis "The Dream of the Rood" In "The Dream of the Rood", the unknown poet uses lines 125-156 to develop the theme of triumph achieved by Christ as a warrior king, bringing the dreamer to realize there is hope for a better life after death. How to Analyze a Poem in 6 Steps \| Teach For America Poetry Explications - The Writing Center
Pretotyping vs. Prototyping — What’s the difference? Creating something new is as much an art as it is a science. Most ideas sound really great when you first conceive of them and it’s easy to get carried away with that enthusiasm, only to find out later down the line that it actually didn’t have any legs after all. One of the most common mistakes made by founders and product developers is building something that they thought people would want, only to find out that their assumptions were wrong. So how do you avoid wasting all that time and resources on something that ultimately has no customer demand? In lieu of a crystal ball, there are various methodologies and strategies that you can employ for idea validation, to evaluate whether this idea is worth the blood, sweat, and tears you’d have to put in to execute it. All of these can be categorized under the term pretotyping. No, that isn’t a typo. Pretotyping and prototyping are two concepts that are important to distinguish between because they differ in one important respect. When you are prototyping something, your focus is mainly inward. You are trying to answer questions about whether you can physically build it, whether it will work as you anticipated it would, whether you can make it sustainably, etc. All of this is focused on creating a stripped-down version of the final product to test some of your assumptions about your ability to execute the idea. However, none of this actually speaks to validating the demand with the outside world. You still have no ideas as to whether anyone would actually pay for it. Pretotyping, on the other hand, looks outward. It aims to answer questions about whether people are actually interested in the idea, whether they will use it, and will they pay for it? By creating an extremely simplified version of the idea and going out to customers to validate it, you can get an objective assessment of whether that concept will solve a customer's pain point. The basic concept was coined by Alberto Savoia whose experiences at Google showed him that “products failed in the market most often because they were not the right fit, and not due to poor execution”. Pretotyping really should be the step before prototyping, where you create something incredibly simple that illustrates the idea and take that out to the market to collect feedback. Only once that bears fruit, should you even consider spending time and resources building something. The canonical example of pretotyping that gets bandied about is Joel Gascoigne, founder of Buffer, whose frustration of being unable to tweet consistently led him to conduct his own pretotype test. He wanted to see if others experienced the same frustration, by building a very simple, two-page website. A clear-cut ad campaign that read “Tweet More Consistently with Buffer” reeled in an audience, who, if interested, clicked the ad and were taken to a second page. This page included a resolution page with the text “Hello, You Caught Us Before We’re Ready”, and a field for people to add their email for future updates. Nobody was aware that they were in a pretotype test, to ensure any confirmation bias was eliminated. The number of conversions clearly indicated that this idea could be successful if it were built. Surely enough — in 2018, Buffer’s revenue was $18,346,077, proving his assumption that people shared the same pain point as he did was correct. The benefits of this strategy are abundant: • Most crucially, you can save an incredible amount of time and money by validating customer demand before you build a prototype so that you know you’re working on the right thing. It’s staggering how much you can save by just avoiding those long paths with dead-ends. All that time and energy you save can then be dedicated to the idea that actually has proven validation in the market — and can genuinely turn into something special. • By doing this well, you’ll acquire objective, unbiased data from your eventual customers that is much more relevant and valuable than internal discussions. We tend to become enamored with our own ideas and we can put blinkers on if we’re not careful. In addition, the people around us can often lie to us about our ideas because they want to be supportive, feeding our confirmation bias. Pretotyping forces us to test your assumptions in the marketplace and deal with the real feedback that you get. It keeps you honest and accountable. • It lowers the barriers to entry for testing a new product or idea. Employees in large organizations can feel empowered to take their idea into the real world and see if it has a chance to succeed, without having to lay their reputation and resources on the line. Start-up founders can take an idea and build a very tight feedback loop early on before they invest their time, money, and reputation in building something more substantial. The downside risk is absolutely minimal. It’s worth noting that pretotyping can be difficult sometimes because you might not be psychologically prepared for the data that you collect. We all tend to get carried away with our ideas and when we see evidence that points in the other direction, it can hurt in the moment. But that raw data is worth its weight in gold because it saves you all that wasted effort down the line. It’s much better to find out that your idea doesn’t have product-market fit as early as possible so that you can move on to the next idea. And when you find the one that has proven demand, it’s going to feel that much sweeter. The earlier you pretotype the better. It forces you to get away from analysis paralysis and instead collect real data that informs your decisions. When you do this well, you’ll have the information, confidence, and insights you need to take the most promising idea and turn it into something that can change the world. If you’re looking for a tool to help you pretotype your latest idea, look no further than what we’re building here at Horizon. We’re extremely passionate about the space and we’ve built a platform that is the one-stop shop for all your pretotyping needs. It gives you access to a range of tools that collect invaluable data from the marketplace that can inform your decisions and validate that you can find product-market fit. Sign up free here. “Don’t build products that nobody wants” — Horizon helps you to identify the customer demand of your product idea before you build a prototype. Get the Medium app
Artichokes are one of the most popular vegetables in America. They are widely used in many dishes such as salads, soups, stews, sandwiches and desserts. Artichokes have been cultivated since ancient times and they were first domesticated in China around 2500 B.C., where they were called “water chestnuts.” In Europe, the potato was introduced into Italy during the Roman Empire period (about 500 A.D. to 300 A.D.) and it soon became a staple food throughout the Mediterranean region. It wasn’t until the early 19th century that potatoes began becoming popular in North America due to their adaptability to cold climates. The earliest known reference of artichokes dates back to Chinese writings from 2400 B.C.. The name “artichoke” comes from Greek words meaning “a plant with leaves” or “an edible leaf.” There are two main species of artichokes, Brassica oleracea and Brassica napus. Both species grow wild in temperate regions of the world. The difference between them lies mainly in the size, shape and color of their leaves. Oleraceas produce small greenish-yellow flowers while napus produce large red berries that fall off when ripe. In addition to being eaten raw, both species are also cooked into salads, sauces and soups. They have a nutty flavor and a fleshy texture. They are not related to the common globe artichoke, but they do resemble them in size and appearance. The word “choke” in the name of this vegetable refers to the fact that all its edible parts consist mainly of fibers and, therefore, can “choke” you if consumed in large quantities. The plant is a perennial, but it is grown as an annual, mainly in California, Arizona and New Mexico. It requires very fertile soil with excellent drainage. During the harvest period, the artichoke plant produces a flower with a unique appearance. It has a green base that forms a purple “crown” with yellow petals. The flower also has a thorny “stand” that keeps it upright. There are many species that belong to the same genus as the globe artichoke and they all have edible flowers. Many other types of artichokes exist, but only five species are used commercially: 1. The Mediterranean or Algerian artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is by far the most common type of artichoke consumed worldwide. It is easily recognized by its large flower heads and long thorny flower stalks. It is mostly cultivated in the Mediterranean region, California and central Chile. 2. The cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) is a tall plant that grows in the Mediterranean region, Northern Africa and the United States. It has a spiny stem and bright blue flowers. Its edible parts are its thick stalk and immature flower buds. It is mainly used for soups and sauces, as well as in the preparation of the French artichoke bottoms known as “gigandes.” 3. The French or Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is a smaller variety of the globe artichoke that is commonly grown in France, Italy, Algeria and Tunisia. It has larger and fewer leaves than the other species. 4. The sugar-leaved or Sicilian artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is a variety with small, mildly-tasting leaves and grows mainly in the Mediterranean region. 5. The cardo (Cynara cardunculus) is a spiny plant native to the Canary Islands. It has larger flowers than the cardoon and it’s used primarily for decoration as its immature flower buds are poisonous when cooked. Health Benefits In ancient times the artichoke was often used as a medicine. The ancient Greeks considered it a powerful aphrodisiac, while the Romans believed it had beneficial effects on the liver. In Spain and other Mediterranean countries, it was traditionally given to victims of liver poisoning in order to cause them to vomit. It was also given to women after childbirth to reduce pain and speed up the expulsion of the placenta. The Spanish also used it to treat jaundice. It is believed that a powerful substance contained in the vegetable, called cynarine, has strong chemical properties and may have certain effects on the liver. In modern times, artichoke has been used therapeutically to help with stomach and digestive problems such as acid reflux, ulcers and irritable bowel syndrome. It has also been used to treat high cholesterol, kidney and liver disorders and even depression. The high amount of fiber in artichokes helps prevent and reduce problems with constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. The cynarine, responsible for the vegetable’s bitter flavor, stimulates the secretion of bile, which helps with fat digestion and the overall absorption of nutrients. In Mexico and South America, it is used to treat liver problems such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. It also helps stimulate the production of certain substances that have a positive effect on the digestive process. It has also been used to treat sexual dysfunction in men, such as premature ejaculation. Other Uses In Italian cooking artichokes are often served as a side dish and eaten with cheese. Olive oil may be added to the leaves and juices may be squeezed out of them before eating. They may also be eaten cold and sometimes appear in salads. In most Arabic and Turkish cuisines artichokes are added to soups and stews. North Africans may eat the leaves and head of the plant as a vegetable. In Spain it may be turned into a jam or a wine. In most places around the world artichokes can be preserved by pickling, drying, freezing or canning. They are often added to soups and stews both for flavor and as a thickening agent. Roasted and salted artichokes are popular in Mediterranean cuisine. In the United States, French and Mediterranean restaurants often feature artichokes on their menus. Artichoke leaves are also often used to make a dipping sauce for bread in these restaurants. Sources & references used in this article: Polyphenol compounds in artichoke plant tissues and varieties by D Negro, V Montesano, S Grieco, P Crupi… – Journal of Food …, 2012 – Wiley Online Library Antioxidant enzymes and physiological characteristics in two Jerusalem artichoke cultivars under salt stress by YF Xue, ZP Liu – Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2008 – Springer Genetic variation in wild and cultivated artichoke revealedby RAPD markers by G Sonnante, A De Paolis, V Lattanzio… – Genetic Resources and …, 2002 – Springer Relationships among artichoke cultivars and some related wild taxa based on AFLP markers by G Sonnante, A De Paolis, D Pignone – Plant Genetic Resources, 2003 – Effect of spectral quality of monochromatic LED lights on the growth of artichoke seedlings by RC Rabara, G Behrman, T Timbol… – Frontiers in Plant …, 2017 – Globe artichoke as a functional food by N Ceccarelli, M Curadi, P Picciarelli… – … Journal of Nutrition and …, 2010 – Springer Analysis of Antioxidative Phenolic Compounds in Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) by M Wang, JE Simon, IF Aviles, K He… – Journal of agricultural …, 2003 – ACS Publications Phenolic compounds and sesquiterpene lactones profile in leaves of nineteen artichoke cultivars by Y Rouphael, J Bernardi, M Cardarelli… – Journal of agricultural …, 2016 – ACS Publications Comments are closed
Fieldstone buildings in Laekvere small town centre Visitpandivere.ee The most prominent parts of Laekvere small town are the fieldstone buildings built in the 1920–1930s: a school house, a shop, a dairy, and a fire station. The buildings are historical and cultural monuments, and form a unique ensemble of buildings. They were mostly built with fieldstones from the fields of the surrounding area. It is said that part of the rocks were brought from the former neo-gothic manor house in the nearby village of Moora. The manor was never fully completed. The buildings were built under the guidance of Fomini, a builder of the Raja village near Lake Peipus. The buildings are under heritage conservation. Vaata Kaardil • English • Estonian • Swedish • Finnish
Why Poverty Is A Problem? Why poverty is a problem in the Philippines? Filipinos are having a hard time surviving in such difficult conditions, and more and more are falling into extreme poverty. According to the Asian Development Bank, the major causes of poverty include: low economic growth, a weak agricultural sector, increased population rates and a high volume of inequality.. Is Philippines a poor or rich country? The economy of the Philippines is the world’s 29th largest economy by nominal GDP according to the International Monetary Fund 2020 and the 13th largest economy in Asia. The Philippines is one of the emerging markets and the 3rd highest in Southeast Asia by GDP nominal after Thailand and Indonesia. How can we prevent poverty? The Top 10 Solutions to Cut Poverty and Grow the Middle ClassCreate jobs. … Raise the minimum wage. … Increase the Earned Income Tax Credit for childless workers. … Support pay equity. … Provide paid leave and paid sick days. … Establish work schedules that work. … Invest in affordable, high-quality child care and early education. … Expand Medicaid.More items…• Why is poverty a problem in society? Ultimately, poverty is a major cause of social tensions and threatens to divide a nation because of income inequality. This occurs when the wealth of a country is poorly distributed among its citizens—when a tiny minority has a majority of the money. Why is poverty a problem in the US? In the United States more than 40.6 million people live in poverty, caused mainly by wage inequality, inflation and poor education. The vast majority living in poverty is uneducated people that end up increasing more unemployment and crime. What is the main problem of poverty? What is US poverty line? 48 Contiguous States and D.C.Persons in Household48 Contiguous States and D.C. Poverty Guidelines (Annual)100%250%1$12,760$31,9002$17,240$43,1003$21,720$54,3006 more rows•Aug 23, 2020 What are the 5 causes of poverty? Is poverty in the US increasing? The official poverty rate in 2018 was 11.8 percent, down 0.5 percentage points from 12.3 percent in 2017. This is the fourth consecutive annual decline in poverty. … Among this group, the poverty rate increased 1.4 percentage points, to 25.9 percent, but the number in poverty was not statistically different from 2017. How can we help poor people? What are the 10 causes of poverty? What are symptoms of poverty? Why we should care about poverty? Poverty increases health risks As adults, lower-income individuals experience higher rates of illness, disease, and disabilities than those who have higher incomes. They have higher rates of chronic disease such as hypertension, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol. How can we fix poverty? What are the 3 types of poverty? Is education the best solution to poverty? Education is often referred to as the great equalizer: It can open the door to jobs, resources, and skills that a family needs to not just survive, but thrive. Access to high-quality primary education and supporting child well-being is a globally-recognized solution to the cycle of poverty. Will poverty ever end? In just the last 30 years, extreme poverty has declined by 75 percent — a stupendous achievement that is almost entirely unappreciated. The UN gave itself a cushion in its 2015 Sustainable Development Goals and set a target of “ending extreme poverty for all people everywhere” by 2030.
Is There A Division Sign On IPhone Keyboard? Where is the division sign on a computer? The division sign appears when the ALT key is released.. How do I get symbols on my iPhone keyboard? How to insert special characters and symbols on your iPhone or iPadTap the letter, number, or symbol that contains the alternative you want to access.Wait for the popup selector to appear.Slide up and onto the special character or symbol you want to insert.Let go.Feb 7, 2015 How do you show division in Word? Open the Insert tab, click Symbol and pick the ÷ division symbol to insert it in your document. Repeat the same step for each symbol you need, or paste the first division symbol. How do I make cute symbols on my keyboard? How do you type special symbols?Press the Alt key, and hold it down.While the Alt key is pressed, type the sequence of numbers (on the numeric keypad) from the Alt code in the above table.Release the Alt key, and the character will appear. What are iPhone screen symbols? The icons in the status bar at the top of the screen provide information about iPhone. On an iPhone with Face ID, there are additional status icons at the top of Control Center. Cell signal The number of bars indicates the signal strength of your cellular service. What symbols mean multiply? U+0078 x LATIN SMALL LETTER X (HTML x ) The multiplication sign, also known as the times sign or the dimension sign, is the symbol ×, used in mathematics to denote the multiplication operation and its resulting product. What is the symbol for long division? The divisor is separated from the dividend by a right parenthesis ⟨)⟩ or vertical bar ⟨\|⟩; the dividend is separated from the quotient by a vinculum (i.e., an overbar). The combination of these two symbols is sometimes known as a long division symbol or division bracket. How do you write division? On a piece of paper, write the dividend (number being divided) on the right, under the division symbol, and the divisor (number doing the division) to the left on the outside. The quotient (answer) will eventually go on top, right above the dividend. How do you type a division sign? Whilst holding down the [Alt] key, type [0247] on the numeric keypad (on the right). The alt code for the Divide symbol is 0247. Then release the [Alt] key. The Division (÷) symbol should appear in your document. What is the division sign called? An obelus (plural: obeluses or obeli) is a term in typography for an historical mark that has resolved to three modern meanings: Division sign ÷ Dagger † How do you find symbols on your keyboard? What symbol is multiply?
Apprenticeship Programs Are Leaving Out Women and People of Color. Here’s How to Fix That. After 14 months of incarceration in a county jail in Mississippi, Tawyna Lundberg was released with only the clothes on her back and no place to go. Two years later, she is now a certified structural welder doing preventive maintenance for an HVAC company. She owns a car, and she’s saving up to buy her first home. Lundberg is one of more than 250 women who have successfully completed the Women in Construction (WinC) pre-apprenticeship program in Biloxi, Mississippi. This eight-week program prepares low-income women for apprenticeships or other construction jobs—it covers everything from basic safety, construction math, and handling power tools, to workers’ rights and the history of the trades. Like Lundberg, many of the women in WinC face significant barriers to employment, including histories of domestic violence, homelessness, lack of access to affordable, quality child care, or inadequate health care (Mississippi has refused to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act). That’s why WinC provides case management services and child care through Early Head Start, in addition to traditional job training. “The job training is sort of a jumping off point for so many people,” says Julie Kuklinski, the program’s director. “And our comprehensive services also help participants get where they want to go.” For some graduates, WinC may launch them into an apprenticeship, which allows them to earn a wage while learning skills on the job and through classroom instruction. Research shows that apprenticeship raises worker productivity and leads to competitive wages—the average starting wage for someone who has completed an apprenticeship program is $50,000. Pre-apprenticeship programs like WinC not only help marginalized workers gain economic security, they also help employers establish a pipeline for diverse, skilled workers. But there are very few programs like it across the country. As a result, apprenticeship programs are often inaccessible to the people who would most benefit from them. Apprenticeship programs are often inaccessible to the people who would most benefit from them. For example, the construction industry offers many high-wage apprenticeships, but in 2013 just 2.1% of these apprentices were women. At the same time, women and people of color were overrepresented in the lowest-wage apprenticeship programs, where average earnings are less than $15 per hour. Moreover, recent analysis by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) shows that apprenticeship programs are often less diverse than the occupations they ultimately serve. This suggests that while people of color are employed in these occupations, they are less likely to receive training and obtain a credential—and therefore earn the same pay as those who complete an apprenticeship—for their work. It is not totally clear why women and people of color are underrepresented in apprenticeship programs, but discrimination in the hiring process and on the job likely play a role. Historically, federal efforts to make apprenticeship programs more racially and gender diverse have had limited success. But that is beginning to change. President Barack Obama recently set a national goal to double the number of apprenticeship programs over five years, and to increase opportunities for women and people of color to participate in them. To support this effort, the Administration and Congress have authorized $265 million in competitive grants for apprenticeships. The DOL has also made achieving racial and gender diversity a priority of this grant-making process. And, for the first time since 1978, the agency has taken steps to modernize the Equal Opportunity Employment regulation that prohibits discrimination and requires affirmative action in apprenticeship programs. Given the very limited progress we have made on diversifying apprenticeships in the intervening decades, this is a critical regulatory fix. But more must be done. Congress should ensure that there is dedicated funding to help states and localities develop new and diverse pre-apprenticeship and apprenticeship programs. Congress should also ensure that this funding is tied to achieving goals of increased participation by women and people of color, particularly in high-wage fields. With thoughtful and targeted policy changes like these, we can ensure that all workers—regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, or disability status—have a fair shot at a good job through an apprenticeship. That’s how many fewer African-Americans are living in New Orleans now than prior to Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall 11 years ago today. Nearly 1 in 3 black residents have not returned to the city after the storm. It was the worst urban disaster in modern U.S. history. Eighty percent of New Orleans lay under water after the epic collapse of the area’s flood-protection system—more than 110,000 homes and another 20,000 plus businesses, along with most of the city’s schools, police and fire stations, electrical plans, and its public transportation system. Unlike last year, when the 10th anniversary meant satellite trucks clogging the streets, this anniversary is unlikely to draw much media attention—which would be a shame if I thought the coverage last year was any good. Large stretches of New Orleans were still reeling from the disaster last summer, as those satellite trucks sat parked in the French Quarter. There, the on-air talent did their stand-ups against the backdrop of Jackson Square and the media rarely ventured to the eastern half of the city, where most of the city’s black residents lived prior to Katrina. On the east side they might have shot footage of the Seventh Ward, a black working-class community that was still only around 60 percent rebuilt a decade after Katrina. They could have gone to Pontchartrain Park, a black middle class community that the actor Wendell Pierce, who had grown up there, dubbed a “black Mayberry.” Pontchartrain Park was doing no better than the Seventh Ward. Or they might have reported from New Orleans East, a black professional class neighborhood still pocked by boarded-up strip malls and abandoned businesses. It is maybe 80 to 85 percent rebuilt eleven years after Katrina. Most shocking is the Lower Ninth Ward, where the average resident was living on $16,000 a year before the hurricane. You can still drive blocks there and not see a single home. The neighborhood is still missing more than half its pre-Katrina population. The great need in parts of the city where the tourists rarely venture was not what the media—or the city’s white civic leaders—were focused on. Yet the great need in parts of the city where the tourists rarely venture was not what the media—or the city’s white civic leaders—were focused on. Instead, the story line was what city officials dubbed the “New Orleans miracle.” In his state of the city address a few months before the 10th anniversary, Mayor Mitch Landrieu declared victory over Katrina: New Orleans was “no longer recovering, no longer rebuilding,” he said. According to the mayor the city was “America’s greatest comeback story,” and he oversaw a three-month celebration dubbed “Katrina 10: Resilient New Orleans.” For white communities, it was true: Lakeview, a prosperous white neighborhood on the east side that also suffered catastrophic flooding, looks better than it did before the storm because of all the new homes and businesses. Just a year earlier, Landrieu had protested when a writer for The Atlantic referred to him as the city’s first white mayor in 36 years. “I don’t see myself as a white mayor or the city as a black city,” he said. But it’s hard to imagine a black mayor, in a style reminiscent of George W. Bush’s infamous “Mission Accomplished” speech, triumphantly describing the recovery as a thing of the past when there was still so much suffering in the eastern half of the city. Now, New Orleans no longer has a public hospital, though prior to Katrina, it was home to the nation’s oldest one. Before the storm, the city was home to thousands of units of affordable housing in a quartet of housing projects locals now call the “Big Four.” Large portions of the Big Four had escaped with little or no water damage. Yet elected officials chose to bulldoze all four anyway. The largest housing recovery program in U.S. history, “Road Home,” was created in the months after Katrina. But money was disbursed based on the appraised value of a home rather than the cost of rebuilding, even though a home in a white community was typically appraised at a far higher price than the same house in a black community. Five years after the storm, a federal judge sided with black homeowners in a racial discrimination suit against the program. But by then officials had already spent more than 98 percent of the $13 billion that the federal government had committed to Road Home. Katrina was not an equal opportunity storm. The irony—the tragedy—is that despite the efforts of people like Jimmy Reiss to make New Orleans a less poor city, something like the opposite has happened. The child poverty rate in New Orleans is now 40 percent—that’s higher than it was before the storm, and more than double the national average. The income disparity between rich and poor is so great that last year Bloomberg declared New Orleans the country’s most “unequal” city. And it’s hardly just the poor who are suffering. The median black household in New Orleans in 2013 was $30,000—$5,000 less than it was in 2000, adjusted for inflation. By contrast, median household income in the white community increased by 40 percent over that same period and now stands at more than $60,000. The same young energy that is helping rejuvenate urban communities across the country is part of the New Orleans story. But that just calls into greater relief those who have been left behind during recent prosperity. These days, little recovery money is still coming to New Orleans. It might be a flood that explains the sorry state of so many of the city’s working and middle class communities, but New Orleans today is in the same boat as any city that has suffered blight and other ills due to the subprime meltdown and the disappearance of blue-collar jobs. The answer to this widespread suffering is a comprehensive urban plan—one that helps any metropolis with struggling neighborhoods that haven’t benefited from a general uptick in the fortune of the nation’s cities. But, of course, few in power are talking about anything so ambitious. First Person People in poverty do work. Then. Then reform welfare, Mr. Ryan. The Libertarian Case Against the 1996 Welfare Law The current law has unintended consequences It’s time for a new approach
Latest Education News, Free School Notes, and Revision Materials 8 Unexpected Ways that Can Make Your Life Better Habits are formed by a series of repeated actions or activities. From wake up early to sleeping early, individuals are as productive as the series of activities they are engaged in. By nature, teachers are subject to varying degrees of depressing thoughts and vibes which in all affect their productivity and with proper routines, they may burn out. Here are the 8 unexpected ways that can make your life better: Sleep early and always wake up early, as the proverb says “early to bed early to rise makes a man healthy and wealthy.” This is a scientifically proven fact that most of the millionaires are early risers. You wake up early you are a few hours to your working periods and this guarantees that you will have more accomplished before others do. In addition, you have some quiet time free from distractions, for a teacher this can mean that you have no one bothering you, a sure-fire to accomplish more (marking 30 scripts or more). Drink Lukewarm water once you wake up, the first thing you should do is drink a glass of water once you get out of bed. If You sleep for 8 hours or more then you are as dehydrated as you would be if you were working for 4 straight hours. Also very important that you drink Lukewarm water, as this doesn’t affect the operation of your body’s metabolism. Lay your bed, laying the bed also gives you a pleasure that you can only receive once you return to the bed in the evening. In fact those who their bed is said to be more focused on the activity or schedules than those who don’t lay their bed. Since this act alone makes you feel like you can accomplish all that lies ahead of you, one small act at a time. Do exercises as they are a great way of improving your mind’s agility and alertness, improves blood flow, adds more motivation and clear your mind for new things ahead of the day. Don’t check your phone till you are at work, refrain from looking at your phone once you wake up, not only does it distract you from your days’ activity but also creates a negative vibe around you. In research, those who check their phones once they wake up are prone to low self-esteem and loss at least 3 hours trying to get back on track. Don’t make any calls till 9 am just text, there is nothing as annoying as receiving a call at 6 about something that you are supposed to do at 10:00 am. Better to always send text messages and then call whoever you think hasn’t read your messages after 9:30am after all nothing is more important as long as you are dead. So learn to hold off some things till it’s necessary. Take a cold bath, it has been documented here that warm or hot bath in the morning after your body in ways that may lead to laziness. In fact Telegram’s CEO always takes a cold bath every morning to just improve his focus and motivation. He says that if you can stay in cold water for 3 minutes it makes it easier for you to make a tough decision. Read a book for 30 minutes instead of watching TV, for some reason unlike what you may have known, all news in the morning is always negative news. This is because most of the news outlets are trying to tell you what happened while you were sleeping, which is just negatives, so refrain from watching the TV till around noon when all facts have been silted and you get only facts. By practices only these 8 Unexpected Ways in addition to making sure that you sleep 8 hours every night and drink 6 glasses of water every day your life will become so much better. Are there tips that you use to make you better than you were yesterday, feel free to share in the comments below Comments are closed.
How the flight of Apollo 11 won the Cold War How the flight of Apollo 11 won the Cold War On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin stepped down the ladder of the lunar module and became the first human beings to set foot on the moon. The first moon walk not only constituted an enormous, peacetime feat of science and technology, but unarguably a victory in the Cold War against the Soviet Union. In fact, it can be argued that the flight of Apollo 11 and the subsequent expeditions to the moon set the stage for the final victory in the Cold War 20 years later. Certainly, President John F. Kennedy articulated the moon program in Cold War terms when he proposed it just over eight years previously. Subsequently, Kennedy employed the image of space as a new frontier, to be explored as a way for America to live up to its pioneering spirit in his later speech at Rice University. However, most understood that the primary motive for the moon landing was to humble the Soviets into the lunar dust. How shaken were the Soviets at losing the moon race? To answer that we have to fast forward to another president and another speech, delivered on March 23, 1983. President Ronald Reagan proposed to make nuclear weapons “impotent and obsolete.” The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) would rely on multilayered space-based weapons, some of them using lasers, to stop Soviet ICBMs from reaching their targets. Such a system would remove the spectre of thermonuclear war from human civilization. Reagan’s political opponents were quick to ridicule SDI, terming it “Star Wars.” Of course, naming the project after a popular movie backfired to a certain extent. It infused the idea of SDI with the heroics of the characters of the movie doing battle against another evil empire. The Soviet leadership, by contrast, took SDI very seriously. The Kremlin poured an enormous amount of rubles into an effort to overcome Reagan’s proposed missile defense system, including improvements to Soviet offensive rockets. Why would the Soviets make such an endeavor if a considerable number of politicians and academic experts in the West thought that a space-based missile defense system was impossible? Paul Spudis, Ph.D, a lunar geologist, one of the greatest experts in the use of the moon’s resources to facilitate space flight, who frequently comments on space policy, explained almost 20 years ago: “Clearly, the Soviet Union was convinced the SDI would work and that we would achieve exactly what we set out to do. Here is Apollo’s legacy: Any technological challenge America undertakes, it can accomplish. The reason this legacy had currency was the success of Apollo. We had attempted and successfully achieved a technical goal — one so difficult and demanding, that it made virtually any similar goal seem equally achievable. Moreover, this was a goal that the Soviets themselves had attempted and failed. They reasoned that getting into a decade-long competition with America on SDI would similarly end in an American victory and would be a race that would bankrupt and destroy their system, as indeed, it did.” The strain on the Soviet economy from its effort to overcome SDI soon became apparent. When Mikhail Gorbachev took power two years after Reagan’s SDI speech, he attempted to reform the communist system. He also attempted to induce the American president to trade away SDI in exchange for total nuclear disarmament at the Reykjavík Summit in October 1986. Reagan, a canny negotiator dating back to his time as president of the Screen Actors Guild, turned the deal down, much to the consternation of much of the media. However, Reagan knew that the United States had the advantage. He pushed through further arms reduction agreements in the waning days of his administration. Less than a year after Reagan left office, the Berlin Wall fell. The Soviet Empire, once the terror of the world, began to unravel. The Hammer and Sickle flag was lowered for the last time two years later as the Soviet Union broke apart into a collection of newly-independent nations. As Russia found that it had been stripped of super-power status, its ability to threaten the world was greatly diminished. All because of that small step on the lunar surface just under half a century ago.
Math Chefs The application of mathematical concepts is an inescapable part of culinary activities. With a little thought and intention, I believe that we can foster really positive math experiences through cooking and baking projects. Kitchen work presents opportunities to meaningfully and purposefully build, exercise, and expand not only computational skills but also problem solving, predictive thinking, and logic. I am not a math expert. I don’t feel particularly intimidated by the subject, but I also never studied it beyond my years in conventional secondary school. I don’t feel confident in instructing others in math curriculum as defined by education ministries, but I am versed in making available the ways that math is engaged in culinary activities. Measurement and conversions are the backbone of kitchen work, and when little ones come into the kitchen they are immersed in experiences of measuring, weighing, making comparisons, estimating, and counting. The key is to not do the work for them, but let the challenges be transparent and shared! This is part of an amazing recipe found at: Doubling or even multiplying a recipe by 3 or more is a great opportunity to engage with multiplication. The way that you model multiplication is through grouping. For example, we want to multiply by 3, well we want 3 groups of our recipe. We want 3 groups of 1 cup, how many does that equal? Participants might need that modelled, and this level is a just right challenge, or they might be up for the challenge of 3 groups of 1/2 cups. Even if the experience of learning is based on using the 1/2 cup measuring cup 3 times, this is showing comprehension of the concept, but there might also be room to model how to add or even multiply fractions. And if your like me, and go whoa…how do you do that again? Have a look at Khan academy, an amazing online math resource, to answer those questions and review it yourself first…or when you’re in the middle of it and just can’t remember 🙂 I also find that there are a lot of reasons to convert measurements of cups and teaspoons to millilitres. A recipe that calls for 9 tablespoons and we are multiplying by 3 is a good example. In this case you are certainly welcome to measure it out 27 times…or convert to mL and measure 405mL. Sometimes just modelling the concepts by doing the math is a good introduction. I have never been convinced that the method of showing then demanding a learner immediately do is always the best approach, sometimes we just want to observe several times before we do. Everyone is different, and has different needs at different times. The point is to provide the environment and the invitations to observe and jump in. IMG_3361Reasons to engage computational challenges are also plentiful, for example calculating all of the kilometres that were travelled by the fruit in your fruit salad. In the example featured in the photo here, we were able to use this opportunity to also engage learning about place value, and how to add multi-digit numbers. It was a real question to ask where our fruit in the fruit salad comes from, how it gets to us, and how far it has to travel? Like so much of what we learn, we naturally learned and exercised computational skills here in order to answer the questions that curiosity raised. I have myself experienced the necessity of applying numeracy concepts and computational formulas, for example cooking large community meals and working in a professional kitchens, it became an essential skill for me to be able to assess cost of ingredients, and calculate the amounts needed for purchase based on required quantities and budgets. Children love simulation play, creating a mock or even one time restaurant is a project that is real, really fun, and will engage a multitude of numeracy based skills. Here are a couple of additional suggestions for where to observe and foster math learning in the kitchen: • following and comprehending sequences as demonstrated by the structure of a recipe • engaging in conversations and observations about numbers • explore pattern making, grouping similar and different objects, making comparisons • comparisons and creating grouping categories can also get more advanced, making venn diagrams, for example. I am particularly inspired to do a venn diagram baking class after watching this vihart video: • opportunities to cut and make different shapes, for example, using cookie cutters with melons is a great way to explore stars, squares, ovals and so on • using and reading scales and other measuring equipment • weighing and exploring weights, for example, how much does a handful of pasta weigh • more advanced calculations related to volume (how much does the pot hold….if were making soup for 50 people, do we have enough pots?) • reading nutrition labels and understanding percentages • arithmetic challenges such as doubling (multiplying) and halving (dividing) recipes • calculating area, diameter, and circumference • ratios! Ratio’s are the key to playful and experimental baking. Once you understand the ratios of fat, flour, liquid for example for muffins – the possibilities for play are amazing fun Like a lot of learning, math learning happens everywhere all the time – we just need to know where to observe it in action and therefore where the opportunities are to enhance and engage its natural presence. corn products How About Them Apples! Learning about the history of civilization one recipe at a time Making Mistakes & Learning In The Kitchen: A Recipe For Being Free One of the things that I love about culinary work is that it provides meaningful and purposeful opportunities to engage in assessment. Reviewing what the results were, why you arrived at them, and what you might do differently next time is an integral part of the design process and of making the best possible food treats. What I love about introducing this concept to younger folks, is that it immediately creates freedom from all the emotional baggage that comes from the negative experiences of having been judged and tested. We can have the opportunity to experience how “testing” when employed for the purpose of skill building can give us meaningful feedback from which to learn from. design thinking In July, I completed the first trial run of cooking workshops with my perfectly eclectic group of young people. I was delighted with the enthusiasm and joy that surrounded their explorations and experiments in the kitchen. At the end of it all, I shared with the group my gratefulness because I had experienced a positive and safe place to try out ideas, make mistakes and learn, so that I could improve my work and meet my goals. The thing about learning is that we have to make mistakes, and in the culinary realm when we make mistakes we refine our techniques, understand on a deeper level the why’s that explain success and failure, and we build our problem solving and flexible thinking. Moving together through the challenges that are encountered in the kitchen provides opportunities for modelling how staying encouraged, staying flexible, and looking for learning can lead to unexpected and awesome results. Kitchen work provides opportunities to reflect on how a positive relationship with making mistakes can help us to also meet learning goals in other areas. Using assessment and mistakes to learn in the kitchen is an effective strategy for building capacity in people to employ the design method in other areas of learning and life. The key ingredient for me to engage with my mistakes as an opportunity to learn, is my ability to laugh at myself. For example, if I am able to see my performance not as a commentary of who I am as a person -equating my value to my production- but rather to relate to my performance as an indicator of my current level of skills and therefore ability to reach my goals, I can learn. The kitchen, where I reframed for myself the value of making mistakes is the foundation that gave me this freedom. Decorated Cookie Adventures I love accommodating all the different food sensitivities and allergies that a diverse group may have, while still attending to my commitment to use the least unprocessed ingredients as possible. So when I was recently making cookies with a group whom collectively covered all the major allergen bases, I was up for the challenge of making (yummy) gluten-free, vegan, refined-sugar free cookies topped with icing that met all the same requirements. As an extra fun step, I was also interested in learning how we could use natural dyes to colour the icing that we later used piping equipment to layer onto and decorate the cookies. img_28581.jpgNow one thing that I know about myself is that I am perfect for these challenges because I want to do everything from scratch or use ingredients that are as unprocessed as possible – I don’t like using margarine for example, so I am of course going to experiment with making an alternative. I also know that my loyalty to using unprocessed ingredients in combination with also working with substitutions that accommodate numerous allergens can really back me into a dark alley with no exit if I am unable to demonstrate any flexibility. For example, gluten-free or vegan on their own is not a big deal, but gluten-free and vegan in baked goods is a bigger reach, especially if you don’t want to use highly processed ingredients. The cookies were actually not a big challenge, especially since crunchy cookies are considered to be a good thing (the lack of egg has an undeniable effect on texture). The real challenge and learning lesson had to do with creating an icing that was also dairy-free and refined-sugar free, and most importantly not yucky! Since I preferred to also skip the use of margarine, I was looking for an alternative. I also was aiming for an icing that we could colour…so recipes that use thickeners like mashed sweet potato and cacao powder were not on the table (I know this sounds like the strangest icing recipe ever, but have a look at the end of this post for this recipe, try it, and you tell me it doesn’t taste amazing!). These are certainly a lot of parameters to work with! IMG_2863My search for a base to the icing led me to explore and experiment with coconut butter. What is coconut butter? It is not coconut oil. Basically you can end up with a butter like substance by putting dried coconut into the food processor, and with patience and scrapping down the sides you will eventually end up with a fantastic coconut butter – much the same as you would do to make a homemade nut butter. What I didn’t do was force it through a sieve which would have helped pull out any of the remaining bits. Now theoretically, at least according to my theories, this should have worked as a butter substitute to be then combined with standard icing sugar or icing sugar that I made from coconut sugar. But it didn’t. The consistency was far too heavy and liquid to make a good icing. In addition, mixing it with the coconut sugar icing sugar resulted in a product too dark for the natural food dyes. Now in defence of the coconut butter – I would like to try using it in other things but I can guarantee you that if you like the flavour of coconut it is amazing on its own as a spread over crackers or toast. And there are so many other possibilities for using it that I am also curious to explore. So, with the coconut butter and coconut sugar icing a no go…what did I do? I went out and bought vegan margarine and mixed it with standard icing sugar. In the end I was not able to find an icing alternative that we could add natural dyes to that was also dairy free, unrefined-sugar free, and did not rely on margarine. So, if you have any ideas…please feel free to share them with me! One thing that I also know about myself is that I am a skilled learner because I am so capable of making mistakes! The natural dyes that we used were all derived from plants! The differences in colour were exciting, but more in the palette of pastels rather than eye popping bright colours. Natural Food Dye Ideas Yellow: Turmeric Green: Kale powder Blue: blueberry juice Pink: Hibiscus flower powder Red/brown: Paprika powder Brown: Cocoa powder I am so grateful to these amazing young women for being up for the baking challenge with me!
Several chemical analysis have been performed on the dust and serum samples collected within MiSSE. Here we report the general outcome of the analysis, and we refer to the publications mentioned in the texts to find descriptions that are more detailed. The graph (Figure 1) shows the average concentration of a selection of organic contaminants analysed in the dust samples. The average concentrations from all samples are reported on a molar basis (pmol) to better reflect the number of compounds per gram of dust, as the chemicals analysed has a broad span of molecular weight (250-1000 g/mol). Figure 1. An overview of the concentrations (pmol/g dust) of a selection of compounds from all analysed dust samples. The five chemical groups are color coded as follow: Phthalates - red, OPFRs - green, BFRs - blue, OHC - grey, and PFASs - yellow. The levels found in dust is dominated by the presence of phthalates, followed by the non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs). These two chemical groups are widely used in plastics, flooring, and electronics. The chemicals displayed in this graph are the ones found most frequently and at highest concentrations. DEHP, TCIPP and TDCIPP are suspected endocrine disruptors and regulated in Europe under REACH. The brominated flame retardants (BFRs), also used ubiquitously in our common household products to decrease flammability. The major technical mixture are today regulated in Europe, i.e. the penta mixture (where the BDE-47 and -99 belongs to) and the deca mixture (mainly consisting of the BDE-209). Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) is used as substitute for BDE-209 today, and is not regulated. The organohalogen compounds (OHCs) are the chlorinated chemicals regulated under the international Stockholm Convention treaty on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). DDE is the major transformation product of the well-known pesticide DDT, and pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a pesticide, which was commonly used as wood preservative in Sweden. The per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), here represented by the two most investigated PFAS, i.e. PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid), plus two polyfluoroalkyl phosphates (PAPs), which are gaining more and more attention due to their prevalence and suspected toxicity. PFOA and PFOS have recently been added to the POP list under Stockholm convention. More information regarding the chemical groups and the specific results within the project is further described in the linked sub-pages.
The anti pinch sensor is a safety feature and part of the car alarm system. Used in cars with electric windows, its function is to detect when something obstructs the window or someone tries to break into the car through the window. The anti pinch sensor is situated in the seal around the window and it is specifically set to detect when an obstruction or intrusion happens in the space between the edge and frame of the window. In the case of an obstruction, the anti pinch sensor is in place to avoid, for example, an arm being trapped in the window as it automatically shuts and it does this by measuring the amount of power being used to close the car window. If the anti pinch sensor detects extra power is being used to close the window, the system assumes that there is an obstruction preventing the window from closing properly. The electrics of the car are either automatically disabled or the motor used to power the window forces it to change direction. In the case of an intrusion, when the car is parked, the anti pinch sensor detects an obstruction, for example a hand or tool forcing entry, in the gap between the door frame and window, and this triggers the alarm. If the anti pinch sensor is damaged or faulty you may experience symptoms such as the window not moving up or down, or it may move in short bursts and stop and start a lot, or you may need to keep pressing the button to get it to work. You will receive a warning light on the alarm system if there is a fault with the anti pinch sensor or if it is damaged in any way. Sometimes the anti pinch sensor can malfunction if it has been subjected to water or dirt, being located in the window seals this can be a problem. Due to the safety features of this device it is advisable to seek professional advice and, if necessary, replace the anti pinch sensor as soon as possible.
An introduction to thermal physics and to the concepts of temperature, heat, thermal energy, thermal equilibrium, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion and contraction (2nd grade of Gymnasium). An introduction to the fundamental concepts, laws and principles of thermodynamics (2nd grade of Lyceum). 2nd grade of Gymnasium Why do woollen clothes keep us warm? How do radiators work? Why do the metal legs of a chair feel colder than its wooden surface at the same temperature? How do igloos keep Inuit warm? Why do pots and pans have wooden or plastic handles? This series of experiments will help 2nd grade of Gymnasium students discover the science of everyday life and explore the concepts of temperature, heat, thermal energy and thermal equilibrium. Students will experiment with different materials and explore how heat is transferred through conduction, convection and radiation. Students will become familiar with such phenomena as expansion and contraction, melting, freezing, sublimation, evaporation and condensation and they will encounter good and bad conductors of heat. Topics Covered 1. Temperature – heat – thermal energy. 2. Conservation of energy. 3. Heat engines – Hero’s aeolipile (Hero’s engine). 4. Thermal expansion and contraction. 5. Good and bad conductors of heat. 6. Heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation). 7. Thermal equilibrium. 8. The building blocks of matter. 9. Phase transitions. 2nd grade of Lyceum The knowledge we have about matter and heat date back to the beginning of the 20th century, when scientists began studying gases. The understanding of how gases behave was essential to the development of a plethora of technologies, such as internal combustion engines, ovens, fridges and air conditioning. Through a series of experiments designed according to the 2nd grade of Lyceum curriculum, students will become familiar with the ideal gas law and the laws of thermodynamics and their everyday life applications. Students will explore the difference between temperature and heat, heat transfer, thermal conductivity and the relationship among pressure, volume and temperature of a gas. The experiments will provide answers to such questions as: Why can’t a heat engine have 100% efficiency? Why does heat flow from a hot to a cold body? Topics Covered 1. Temperature – heat – thermal energy. 2. Heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation). 3. Thermal equilibrium. 4. The building blocks of matter. 5. Kinetic theory of gases. 6. Gas laws (Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac). 7. Ideal gas law. 8. 1st law of thermodynamics. 9. Conservation of energy. 10. Heat engines. 11. 2nd law of thermodynamics. 12. Entropy. Learning Objectives Introduction to the fundamental concepts of temperature and heat and the basic principles of thermodynamics. Demonstration of complex concepts in a simple, interesting and fun way. Develop critical thinking. Enhance learning by having students predict the demonstration outcome before seeing it. Establish the relationship between science and technology. Recognize scientific and technological applications to everyday life.
New research indicates the whole universe could be a giant neural network – The Next Web Posted: March 3, 2021 at 1:57 am The core idea is deceptively simple: every observable phenomenon in the entire universe can be modeled by a neural network. And that means, by extension, the universe itself may be a neural network. Vitaly Vanchurin, a professor of physics at the University of Minnesota Duluth, published an incredible paper last August entitled The World as a Neural Network on the arXiv pre-print server. It managed to slide past our notice until today when Futurisms Victor Tangermann published an interview with Vanchurin discussing the paper. The big idea According to the paper: We discuss a possibility that the entire universe on its most fundamental level is a neural network. We identify two different types of dynamical degrees of freedom: trainable variables (e.g. bias vector or weight matrix) and hidden variables (e.g. state vector of neurons). At its most basic, Vanchurins work here attempts to explain away the gap between quantum and classical physics. We know that quantum physics does a great job of explaining whats going on in the universe at very small scales. When were, for example, dealing with individual photons we can dabble with quantum mechanics at an observable, repeatable, measurable scale. But when we start to pan out were forced to use classical physics to describe whats happening because we sort of lose the thread when we make the transition from observable quantum phenomena to classical observations. The argument The root problem with sussing out a theory of everything in this case, one that defines the very nature of the universe itself is that it usually ends up replacing one proxy-for-god with another. Where theorists have posited everything from a divine creator to the idea were all living in a computer simulation, the two most enduring explanations for our universe are based on distinct interpretations of quantum mechanics. These are called the many worlds and hidden variables interpretations and theyre the ones Vanchurin attempts to reconcile with his world as a neural network theory. To this end, Vanchurin concludes: In this paper we discussed a possibility that the entire universe on its most fundamental level is a neural network. This is a very bold claim. We are not just saying that the artificial neural networks can be useful for analyzing physical systems or for discovering physical laws, we are saying that this is how the world around us actually works. With this respect it could be considered as a proposal for the theory of everything, and as such it should be easy to prove it wrong. All that is needed is to find a physical phenomenon which cannot be described by neural networks. Unfortunately (or fortunately) it is easier said than done. Quick take: Vanchurin specifically says hes not adding anything to the many worlds interpretation, but thats where the most interesting philosophical implications lie (in this authors humble opinion). If Vanchurins work pans out in peer review, or at least leads to a greater scientific fixation on the idea of the universe as a fully-functioning neural network, then well have a found a thread to pull on that could put us on the path to a successful theory of everything. If were all nodes in a neural network, whats the networks purpose? Is the universe one giant, closed network or is it a single layer in a grander network? Or perhaps were just one of trillions of other universes connected to the same network. When we train our neural networks we run thousands or millions of cycles until the AI is properly trained. Are we just one of an innumerable number of training cycles for some larger-than-universal machines greater purpose? You can read the paper whole paper here on arXiv. Published March 2, 2021 19:18 UTC Continue reading here: New research indicates the whole universe could be a giant neural network - The Next Web Related Post
Video: Mountain Lions Terrified of Humans, Study Shows Pumas fear humans, new research shows. Sebastian Kennerknecht/ Humans fear predators like mountain lions, but what we often fail to realize is how much they may fear us. After all, humans hunted and extirpated the animal from most of the United States, while fatal puma attacks on humans are rare. New research shows that the pumas—also known as panthers, cougars, mountain lions or catamounts—immediately flee large deer prey that they've killed, upon hearing humans. In a study to be published June 21 in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, scientists show that their response to the sound of human voices is immediate and lasting. Justine Smith, a postdoctoral researcher at UC-Berkeley and colleagues followed 17 radio-collared mountain lions in the Santa Cruz Mountains of Central California to a spot where they'd killed a deer. They installed a camera nearby that could also play the sound of humans or a native frog, and videotaped the results. In 83 percent of cases, the animals immediately fled, and nearly half of these animals didn't return to the site to finish feeding on their deer-meal, says Smith, who completed the study as a PhD student at the University of California, Santa Cruz. One of the animals that didn't run away was a very old male that died not long after the study. The researchers think that due to his age, it may have been more difficult than usual to catch a deer, and he thus was less willing to give it up, Smith says. The researchers randomized their playback so that the animals either first heard the sound of a frog calling, or people. For humans, they picked clips of people on talk radio, though they chose non-combative segments from "both conservative and liberal hosts" Smith says, laughing, noting that the animals appear to be non-partisan. No pumas could be immediately reached for comment. "Our intention was to test if pumas perceived humans directly as a predator, and... in almost every case pumas fled from the sound of humans," Smith says. "It's conclusive evidence they do flee from humans," and shows they consider humans as predators. The hunter has long since become the hunted. Previous work by Smith and colleagues had shown that pumas spend less time feeding on deer in suburban versus rural areas, though they actually kill more prey. The study refers to humans as "super predators," a phrase coined in a 2015 Science paper showing that people kill other species at a rate unseen in other species. The current paper adds to evidence that our predatory behavior influences even large carnivores like pumas, with untold effects on the ecosystem.
M vs. L - What's the difference between GMP and GLP? Updated: Nov 11, 2020 During many years of experience with clients, we have encountered confusion between the terms GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) and GLP (Good Laboratory Practice). For example, we are asked to manufacture clinical trial materials in compliance with GLP, or that bioanalysis for animal tissues will be performed under GMP conditions. Quite a few people have asked us: is there really a difference between those two? In general, it can be said that the purpose of both GMP and GLP requirements is to protect the patients that will be using the product. To better understand the difference, let's overview briefly each of the concepts. GMP in a nutshell Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is a set of regulatory requirements that ensures consistency and safety during the manufacturing of products for human and animal consumption (drugs, medical devices, food and beverage, cosmetics, and food supplements). Although the requirements vary between industries and geographies, the purpose of GMP is the same: keeping the safety of the consumer. The GMP system applies to all aspects of manufacturing, testing, and quality assurance of the product- from raw materials quality to manufacturing procedures and QC testing. Dozens of regulatory requirements must be embedded by the production facility in order to achieve a quality product, including a strong quality management approach, proper production facilities, well-trained personnel, proper documentation and archiving, controlled storage environment, and more. The GMP requirements also apply to the post-production phase, and the manufacturer must be obligated to monitor the product in the clinical trial/market and provide a strong recall system (pharmacovigilance). GLP in a nutshell Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) quality system is the set of regulatory binding principles. These principles are used to guarantee the validity of the safety data generated during the non-clinical phases. Unlike GMP, GLP applies not only to products for human and animal consumption but also to environmental chemistry such as pesticides and other non-pharmaceutical products. The GLP system requires that all procedures and testing will be extensively documented in a very accurate manner, so that the quality and reliability of the data is ensured. There are two main differences between GMP and GLP quality systems. The first difference is that they both refer to different stages and processes in the developmental path of products. While the GLP principles refer to laboratories engaged with preclinical testing, including in-vitro and animal testing, bioanalytical methods. etc.. The GMP requirements apply to all products manufactured for human patients, from first-in-man trials to mass production. The second main difference is the definition of the QA role between the two systems. The role of the QA team according to the GLP principles is to serve as the extension or long arm of the regulator. This means that the QA is not expected to interfere in the planning of the various processes, but only to audit them. If issues that require further reference arise during the audit, the QA is not entitled to suggest corrective actions. In processes carried out under the GMP requirements, the QA is an integral part of the team, from planning the activities and proposing preventing actions, through responding to questions as they arise, to reviewing the processes and proposing corrective actions if needed. Did you know? The campaign for the OECD-GLP recognition in the Israeli-GLP was led by Dr. Orna Dreazen, former General Director of the Israel Laboratory Accreditation Authority (ISRAC). This campaign was a great success, and in 2002 ISRAC was recognized as a full member of the OECD-GLP working group, long before the State of Israel became a member of the OECD. Dr. Dreazen currently serves as the CEO of Nextar's Chempharma Solutions. Additional reading 1. World Health Organization (WHO) GMP Questions and Answers: https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/quality_assurance/gmp/en/ 2. World Health Organization (WHO) Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Handbook: https://www.who.int/tdr/publications/documents/glp-handbook.pdf Want to to get email notifications on new posts? Subscribe here for updates on new blog posts. 137 views0 comments
Often asked: Psychology Made The Transition From Philosophy To Science With Which Event? How did psychology change from a philosophical to a scientific discipline? Psychology took so long to emerge as a scientific discipline because it needed time to consolidate. Understanding behavior, thoughts and feelings is not easy, which may explain why it was largely ignored between ancient Greek times and the 16th century. Wilheim Wundt developed the first psychology lab in 1879. What event defined the start of scientific psychology? The most outstanding event defining the founding of scientific psychology was Wilhelm Wundt’s opening of the University of Leipzig psychology laboratory in 1879. How did philosophy influence psychology? Psychology arises out of philosophy. It arose in order to include the empirical method when examining questions posed by philosophy. Therefore, philosophy has brought various topics of study to the field of psychology, like sensation, perception, intelligence, and memory. How did psychology evolve? Philosophical interest in behavior and the mind dates back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, China, and India, but psychology as a discipline didn’t develop until the mid-1800s, when it evolved from the study of philosophy and began in German and American labs. You might be interested: Often asked: How To Get Data Science Experience? Is psychology really a science? Psychophysics had an important immediate impact on psychology, sensory physiology, and related fields, because it provided a means of measuring sensation which previously, like all other aspects of the mind, had been consid- ered private and immeasurable. Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist? Who wrote the first psychology textbook? The Principles of Psychology Title page from the first edition. Author William James Language English Subject Psychology Publisher Henry Holt and Company What was the first area of psychology to be studied as a science? The late 19th century marked the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise. Psychology as a self-conscious field of experimental study began in 1879, when German scientist Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research in Leipzig. Is philosophy better than psychology? Philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. Psychology deals with the study of the human mind and its behaviour in a given social context. Do philosophy and psychology go together? Psychology is both philosophy and science. It’s roots lie in philosophy, but it has, and continues to evolve into a science, as advancements are made. The two disciplines are related because they both use theoretical concepts to explain behavior and thought. You might be interested: Question: How To Study Computer Science Effectively? Why is philosophy considered useless? In science and mathematics, one may discover truths, and answers, but in philosophy, all one encounters are arguments. In more than 3,000 years of argument, no philosopher has ever explained what is moral, what is immoral, or even if morality exists. What are the 3 branches of psychology? It is important to recognize that these three icons were the primary leaders in the three great paradigms in American psychology— behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and humanistic psychology—thus suggesting a link between the three great branches of the discipline and the three most historically significant schools of thought Who are the four fathers of psychology? When hearing the names Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James, one thinks of the founding fathers of psychology. They are the most well-known pioneers and early founders who contributed their endeavors of better understanding to the psychological frailties. Who is the mother of psychology? Written by Leave a Reply
$25 off King Salmon + Halibut Bundle Seafood is an incredible source of heart healthy nutrients, and every bite carries a piece of prevention or optimization for your health! Fatty Acids - The fats in seafood are called polyunsaturated fatty acids and include Omega-3’s! The highly sought after EPA and DHA are among the most significant, as they have shown to support both heart health and brain health as well as reduce inflammation in the body and help with cellular repair. Protein - The protein in seafood is considered a “complete protein” as it provides both the proteins our body can make on its own, and the proteins our body cannot make, and that we must get from our food. Seafood protein is nice and bioavailable, meaning it’s absorption and metabolism in our body is very efficient! Selenium - This is an amazing mineral wrapped in proteins that not only supports our thyroid and antioxidant function, but it can also balance out mercury absorption in seafood! If an ocean fish or shellfish (like our salmon, cod, halibut, and crab) have more selenium content than mercury content, the selenium content helps prevent any potential toxic mercury build up. How? Mercury becomes toxic because it deactivates selenium dependent enzymes (selenoenzymes). So if we have plentiful selenium in the presence of mercury, we are always protected! Phosphorus - This is a mineral that helps support bone health, creates new cells and creates energy; I’d say it's pretty important! 3 ounces of our Scallops, Salmon, or Crab gets you over a third of your daily needs! Zinc - Did you know that our bodies actually don’t store zinc? This means we need to get it in the foods we eat daily. Zinc in a mineral that maintains our immune system and repairs our body tissues! 3 oz of Alaskan Crab gives us over 50% of our daily needs!
WITH the bank holiday weekend inspiring outdoor get-togethers, vets are reminding the public to dispose of litter and barbecue waste responsibly to protect pets, farm animals and wildlife. Litter such as broken glass, barbecue skewers and food packaging can pose all kinds of danger to animals. Figures from the British Veterinary Association (BVA) Voice of the Veterinary Profession survey revealed that in 2018, 44 per cent of vets treated animals suffering injuries or harm from litter. The cases ranged from external injuries, such as cuts and damaged limbs, to obstruction or internal injury and poisoning due to the ingestion of litter. They were most commonly seen in pets, but there were also reports of cases in wildlife and farm animals. In a number of cases the animals died despite receiving veterinary care. BVA Senior Vice President, Daniella Dos Santos said: “These figures show that even before the current restrictions, many animals were arriving in practices across the country every week requiring treatment for terrible, and sometimes fatal, injuries and poisoning caused by discarded rubbish. "This isn’t just about obvious hazards like broken glass; any unsecured rubbish in public spaces, or even outside your home, can attract animals and lead to injuries.” Dogs appear most likely to be the victims of litter, with 41 per cent of companion animal vets reporting that they have seen litter-related injuries in dogs. Nearly half (47 per cent) reported animals that had been harmed by glass, tin or metal cans. Twenty-three per cent reported animals tangled up in materials such as elastic bands, netting, wire and plastic rings and 18 per cent reported injury from fishing hooks or other fishing equipment. Just over a third (35 per cent) reported harm from ingestion of food waste such as poisoning, gastroenteritis or internal damage. Potentially dangerous food waste swallowed included rotting food, bones, fruit stones and corn cobs, while barbeque skewers were also mentioned as a common hazard. Just under a third of the vets (31 per cent) reported examples of harm from ingestion of non-food waste such as plastic or food packaging causing internal obstruction or perforation. Owners who believe that their animal may have eaten or been injured by litter are advised to seek veterinary treatment as quickly as possible. Members of the public who find wild animals injured by litter are advised to look for specialist wildlife centres in their area or to contact a local vet where none is available.
Definitions of equilibrate 1. verb bring into balance or equilibrium synonyms: balance, equilibrise, equilibrize balance, poise hold or carry in equilibrium be in equilibrium see moresee less throw out of balance or equilibrium show 8 types... hide 8 types... compensate, correct, counterbalance, even off, even out, even up, make up adjust for cancel, offset, set off make up for countervail, offset compensate for or counterbalance balance in flight by regulating the control surfaces counteract, counterbalance, countervail, neutralize oppose and mitigate the effects of by contrary actions compensate for a weaker partner or member by one's own performance compensate, cover, overcompensate type of: fit, match make correspond or harmonize 2. verb bring to a chemical stasis or equilibrium see moresee less type of: change state, turn undergo a transformation or a change of position or action Word Family
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Related e Kunstformen der Natur (1904) by Ernst Haeckel Kunstformen der Natur (1904) by Ernst Haeckel In ancient Greece the word was the Athenian counterpart of the Roman delator, a public informer. In modern Greek the term has retained its ancient classical meaning, and is still used to describe a slanderer or a calumniator. According to ancient authorities, the word (derived by them from συκος sykos, "fig", and φανης fanēs, "to show") meant one who informed against another for exporting figs or for stealing the fruit of the sacred fig trees, whether in time of famine or on any other occasion (Plutarch, Life of Solon, 24, 2.). The Oxford English Dictionary, however, states that this explanation, though common, "cannot be substantiated", and suggests that it may refer instead to the insulting gesture of "making a fig" or to an obscene alternate meaning for sykon; cunt. Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Sycophant" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice. Personal tools
Publications: 136 \| Followers: 0 Regulation of Gastric Emptying - Publish on Category: Birds 0 Stomach Emptying Stomach emptying is promoted by intense peristaltic contractions in the stomachantrumAt the same time, emptying is opposed by varying degrees of resistance to passage ofchymeat the pylorus IntenseAntralPeristaltic Contractions During Stomach Emptying—“ Pyloric Pump.”Begins inmidstomach& spreads through thecaudadstomach no longer as weak mixing contractions but as strong peristaltic, very tight ring like constrictions that can cause stomach emptyingThese intense peristaltic contractions create 50 to 70 centimeters of water pressureThe peristaltic waves, in addition to causing mixing in the stomach, also provide a pumping action called the “pyloric pump.” Role of the Pylorus in Controlling Stomach Emptying The thickness of the circular wall muscle becomes 50 to 100 percent greaterIt remains slightlytonicallycontracted almost all the timeThe constriction usually prevents passage of food particles until they have become mixed in thechymeto almost fluid consistencycontrolled by a very complex set of neural and hormonal signals Regulation of Gastric Emptying Chymemust enter duodenum at proper rate Regulation of Gastric Emptying Gastric emptying takes about 3 hours and very closely regulated so that nutrient absorption is maximized and H+ in the duodenum has time to be neutralized.Fat and high H+ (acidic) content slow gastric emptying. Within the Stomach Gastric Factors That Promote Emptying Effect of Gastric Food Volume on Rate ofEmptyingStretching of the stomach wall elicit localmyentericreflexes in the wall that greatly accentuate activity of the pyloric pump and at the same time inhibit the pylorusDegree of fluidity ofchyme Gastric Factors That Promote Emptying Effect of the HormoneGastrinon Stomach EmptyingRelease of a hormone calledgastrinfrom theantralmucosaenhance the activity of the pyloric pump With in the Duodenum When food enters the duodenum multiple nervous reflexes are initiated from the duodenal wall that pass back to the stomach to slow or even stop stomach emptying if the volume ofchymein the duodenum becomes too much. Regulation of Gastric Emptying Activation of receptors in intestinal mucosa initiatesenterogastricreflexes. This decreases gastric emptying by -Inhibition of pyloric pumpIncreased tone of pyloric sphincter EnterogastricNervous Reflexes Directly from the duodenum to the stomach through the enteric nervous system in the gut wallThrough extrinsic nerves that go to theprevertebralsympathetic ganglia and then back through inhibitory sympathetic nerve fibers to the stomachSlightly through thevagusnerves all the way to the brain stem, where they inhibit the normal excitatory signals transmitted to the stomach throughvagi Factors responsible forenterogastricinhibitory reflex The degree of distention of the duodenumThe presence of any degree of irritation of the duodenal mucosaThe degree of acidity of the duodenalchymeThe degree ofosmolalityof thechymeThe presence of certain breakdown products in thechyme, especially breakdown products of proteins and perhaps to a lesser extent of fats Role of Fats and the HormoneCholecystokininHormone released from the upper intestineStimulus for releasing these inhibitory hormones is mainly fats entering the duodenumBind with “receptors” on the epithelial cellsCarried by blood to the pylorus and increase the strength of contraction of the pyloric sphincter Outside the digestive tract Emotions can influence gastric motilityInfluence gastric emptying through autonomic nerves by influencing the gastric smooth muscle contractilityIntense pain can also inhibit the gastric motility by stimulation of sympathetic nerves Inhibitory Hormonal Factors Make amazing presentation for free Regulation of Gastric Emptying -
OFFICE HEALTH, Stress & Ergonomics The modern air conditioned office is a surprisingly stressful environment. Long hours spent in a physiologically unfriendly environment, leads to high levels of morbidity. Although often not recognised or reported, minor morbidity undermines the efficiency and productivity of the individual. In an office this reduction in overall performance ranges from 18% to 52% Poor seating in addition to resulting in spinal breakdown if prolonged also acts as a stressor. These views are from the work of the late John Jukes. He was a pioneer in optimising the office environment to reduce morbidity and increase productivity. His work is only now being put into effect. The following illustrations are from his presentations. Environmental stressors can be identified, quantified and relatively easily corrected. When addressed up to 40% increase in productivity is permanently achieved. with reduction of morbidty, abseteeism and churn rate. This post considers the less obvious environmental components below. • Screen Shot 2018-09-22 at 14.04.11 ‘Sitting disease’ Prolonged sitting increases lower back pain, slows our metabolisms, and shortens our life-spans, amongst other things. Not even daily exercise is enough to offset the damage. • Habitual wrong sitting feels natural. Free choice means that a chair that encourages bad sitting may seem comfortable. ☛ COMFORT→ • Mid upright sitting is the most adverse position for the spinal bio-mechanics ☛BIOMECHANICS that determine safe sitting → • Screen Shot 2018-06-11 at 21.15.34A 3M chair should be considered as part of an office optimisation in addition to the other office stress factors which are described below. The future lies with desk-less stations described under the 4M version. • ☛ 2T CONCEPT a full solution Lighting by ordinary fluorescent tubes emit light mainly in a narrow band at the yellow end of the spectrum stimulating only some 8% of the photo-receptors in the retina as compared to 79% in daylight. 25% of the light is lost as ‘glare’ , containing no visual information and is stressful. A 52 cycle ‘flicker’ (in UK) is detected by the eye although not registered by the conscious mind, results in stressful work by the intrinsic eye muscles attempting to adapt. Lighting & Stress → jukes 1 Micro-climatic conditions in most offices are equivalent to the stressful conditions that occur before a thunderstorm or during prolonged desert winds due to the positive ionisation caused by electrical and electromagnetic (EMF) emissions from the multiplicity of machines in the modern office. • Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde, are given off by new furniture and carpets and are cumulative toxins Particulate pollutants are potentially pathogenic, and are therefore stressors.. The high levels found in industrial society are even higher in an enclosed office space where some are being produced. Viruses, bacteria, moulds and their spores are provided with ideal culture habitats and also dispersal systems through inadequate air conditioning. Microparticles of carbon derived from incinerated shed squame skin cells can penetrate the lining epithelium of the lungs and blood vessels and are thought to have an effect on the autoimmune system. jukes 2 Sound is a far more common physiological stressor than most people realise. Office equipment generate saw-tooth sounds which are used by animals as aggressive warning signals and square-wave sounds which are used for identification. although discounted by our intelligence, acts as an alarm signal on the primitive part of the brain resulting in a continuous state of unrecognised stress and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitry-adrenal neuro-humeral cascade Space & visibility. Environment remediation For a detailed account- See ☛ PRODUCTIVITY AND WORKPLACE STRESSORS→ (A long, medically orientated article published in EurOhs, European Occupational Health and Safety Journal, Dec Dr HA Sanford) 1. Lighting. The area is lit by high frequency dimmable daylight full spectrum, polarised light. (These can be retro-fitted). 2. Ergonomics. The height of each desk can be independently adjusted to sit or stand levels to provide the variety in working posture recommended in ISO 9241 part 5. In the office of the future desks may seem somewhat ‘retro’. Seating is more important ☛2T CONCEPT a full solution→ and ☛ OFFICE WORK-STATIONS 3. Acoustics. With a hub arrangement the front part of the desk is effectively an acoustic box, which contains most of the sound within itself. This is enough to reduce acoustic stress but not enough to make the environment too quiet. 5. IAQ. Ideally staff should breathe fresh air that has been HEPA filtered with negative ionisation and fed into the area at a cool temperature of 20C. The air intake should not include recycled air. 6. Plants. These are primarily for function not decoration. They absorb CO2, generate oxygen, absorb volatile organic compounds and generate humidity.Skanska’s new office in Warsaw features a jungle of 536 plants in 100 sq m. Biophyllia is a trend that is here to stay. 1. Space, power and heating costs 3. Call handling time and non-productive time costs. For further reading See below for a number of articles on this subject in this work, Being long and more medically orientated, they are not included in the menu. Articles, from Opt-En-Co, giving greater detail of measures for environment optimisation are available. They are old but still relevant.
Handling Socket Lagging during Write Operations A common problem when working with non-blocking sockets it that a client may lag when the send rate is too high, in other words, the client will push out messages faster then the network card can send and/or the other side’s network card can receive them. That will cause the underlying write socket buffer at the OS/Kernel level to fill up. In this article we explain how CoralReactor handles this complex scenario in a simple way so that you don’t have to worry about it. Socket Lagging A socket might lag for a combination of one of more of the reasons below: 1. The underlying socket send buffer (native SO_SNDBUF option) is too small. You can actually change the size of this buffer from Java using the method setSendBufferSize of Socket. See the FAQ on how to change this size straight through CoralReactor. By default, CoralReactor tries to set it to 12Mb. 2. The receiving party is reading and processing the messages too slowly. 3. The sending party is writing the messages too fast. 4. The network is slow. In this article we focus on the third reason above, which is the most common. Application Write Buffer CoralReactor maintains a write buffer at the application level, in other words, when CoralReactor writes a message, it actually writes it to an internal java.nio.ByteBuffer named writeBuffer. Then later when you call flush(), CoralReactor tries to transfer bytes from this internal buffer to the underlying socket buffer. Having this intermediary write buffer allows the application to check the space available before it actually tries to write the message. Note that the same procedure is not possible with the underlying socket buffer, in other words, it is impossible for the application to know how much space is available in the underlying socket buffer without actually trying to write to it. Sending Messages CoralReactor provides two methods to send messages: • write(): writes a full message to the application writeBuffer and do not flush. Note that before this writing happens, the available space in the writeBuffer is checked to see if the message can be fully written. If there is no space available (i.e. the writeBuffer is nearly full) and automatic flush() is issued by CoralReactor to free up space. When you are done writing the messages, you should call flush() to send them. • send(): calls write() and then immediately calls flush() only if the message was successfully written to the writeBuffer, in other words, if write() returned true. Read below for more details on how you can handle this return value. Avoiding Partial Writes CoralReactor’s write(...) and send(...) methods return a boolean to indicate whether the message was written or not to the application internal writeBuffer. If the underlying socket buffer gets full, eventually the internal writeBuffer will also get full. As explained before, CoralReactor is able to check how much space is available or not in the writeBuffer. Therefore, for simplicity’s sake, CoralReactor does not write partial messages to its internal writeBuffer, in other words, it either writes the whole message and returns true or doesn’t write anything at all and returns false. If a write or send operation returns false, the application can save the message and retry on a later time, when the method handleFreedWriteBufferSpace(int freeSpace) is triggered. (read below) Handling a Full Write Buffer When the client is writing too fast there is a high chance that the application writeBuffer will get full. When that happens, write() or send() will return false indicating that the message was not written. Under-the-hood, CoralReactor will continue to try to flush the writeBuffer to free up space, through the OP_WRITE selector operation. When this operation succeeds, it will trigger the method handleFreedWriteBufferSpace(int freeSpace). Therefore, a client can choose to queue messages and wait until this method is triggered to retry to send the message. Other clients might choose to save the message to disk, drop the message or even disconnect. Another possibility is to try to increase the size of the writeBuffer and/or the underlying socket buffer. However, because these sizes cannot be infinite, there will always be the possibility that a client can write fast enough to fill the buffers. Turning off disconnectOnFullWriteBuffer By default the client config option disconnectOnFullWriteBuffer is turned on. That means that if you ever call write() or send() and they return false, an alert message will be logged and the client will be disconnected. If you choose to handle socket lagging yourself as explained in this article, you should set this option to false in your client config. Source Code Example Below we have a simple throughput test that will always overflow the writeBuffer and use handleFreedWriteBufferSpace to continue to push messages as space becomes available in the writeBuffer: package com.coralblocks.coralreactor.client.bench.throughput; import com.coralblocks.coralbits.util.SystemUtils; import com.coralblocks.coralreactor.client.AbstractLineTcpClient; import com.coralblocks.coralreactor.client.Client; import com.coralblocks.coralreactor.nio.NioReactor; import com.coralblocks.coralreactor.util.Configuration; import com.coralblocks.coralreactor.util.MapConfiguration; public class ThroughputTcpBatchedClient extends AbstractLineTcpClient { // java -DmessagesToSend=5000000 -server -verbose:gc -Xbootclasspath/p:/home/coralblocks/workspace/CoralReactor-boot-jdk7/target/coralreactor-boot-jdk7.jar -cp target/coralreactor-all.jar:lib/jna-3.5.1.jar -DnioReactorProcToBind=3 com.coralblocks.coralreactor.client.bench.throughput.ThroughputTcpBatchedClient private final int messagesToSend; private final int messageSize; private final byte[] msg; private int msgCount; private long start; public ThroughputTcpBatchedClient(NioReactor nio, String host, int port, Configuration config) { super(nio, host, port, config); this.messagesToSend = config.getInt("messagesToSend"); this.messageSize = config.getInt("messageSize"); this.msg = new byte[messageSize]; msg[i] = (byte) ('0' + (i % 10)); // fill the message with some data... protected void handleConnectionOpened() { msgCount = 0; start = System.nanoTime(); protected void handleFreedWriteBufferSpace(int freeSpace) { if (msgCount == messagesToSend && freeSpace == writeBuffer.capacity()) { if (msgCount < messagesToSend) sendMessages(); private void sendMessages() { while(write(msg)) { // <=== this will overflow the writeBuffer if (++msgCount == messagesToSend) { if (!isLagging()) { // we only want to finish the test when everything was flushed to the underlying socket buffer, in other words, // do not finish here if lagging (finish instead on handleFreedWriteBufferSpace) private void printResults() { long totalTime = System.nanoTime() - start; long latency = totalTime / msgCount; long ops = msgCount * 1000000000L / totalTime; System.out.println("Done sending messages! messagesSent=" + msgCount + " avgLatencyPerMsg=" + latency + " nanos throughput=" + ops + " msgs/sec"); public static void main(String[] args) { NioReactor nio = NioReactor.create(); int messagesToSend = SystemUtils.getInt("messagesToSend", 5000000); int messageSize = SystemUtils.getInt("messageSize", 256); MapConfiguration config = new MapConfiguration(); config.add("messagesToSend", messagesToSend); config.add("messageSize", messageSize); config.add("disconnectOnFullWriteBuffer", false); Client client = new ThroughputTcpBatchedClient(nio, "localhost", 45451, config); CoralReactor can handle all the complexity of socket lagging for write operations under the hood for you. All you have to do is to implement the method handleFreedWriteBufferSpace(int) to continue to send messages as space becomes available. The write() and send() methods return false to indicate that the write operation is lagging and the message could not be sent. For simplicity, CoralReactor does not write partial messages to the writeBuffer, allowing the application to queue the messages and resend them later when handleFreedWriteBufferSpace is triggered.
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What we want to do is simulate this kind of population history (splits and admixture events): in the context of this: to produce this kind of data: This is possible to do in SLiM using its defineSpatialMap() functionality. However, there is currently no way to define spatial maps programmatically, let alone build spatio-temporal models which include population splits, admixture, migration, and expansion. The package spannr is designed to do exactly this, and feed the generated spatial maps into a dedicated back-end SLiM script. Geospatial analysis is a deep and complex topic, with dozens of libraries and programs designed to deal with the annoying fact that the Earth is a sphere but we often have to plot things (and simulate things in our case!) on a two-dimensional plane. Luckily, most of the technical issues with Coordinate Reference Systems, transformations between them and manipulation of geometric objects are pretty much solved now. Unfortunately, dealing with these issues in practice is quite challenging and requires non-trivial amount of domain expertise. Programming even a simple task in this context also requires a lot of code and there are no tools dedicated to programming population complex spatial population genetic simulations. This R package is designed to provide a collection of primitives (a Domain Specific Language of sorts) for programming population dynamics (splits, movement, admixture, and expansion of spatial boundaries) across space and time without having to explicitly deal with many of the challenges inherent to geospatial analyses. Another goal is to make these spatio-temporal models fully reproducible, easy to write and debug by inspecting each step of the configuration visually, and finally to allow automated feeding of defined spatial maps into the SLiM population genetics simulation framework. Installation and setup First, let’s install the latest version of the package and load it. spannr is not yet on CRAN (but will be soon!), so you will need to install the development version from Github using devtools. Here are the installation steps: 1. Install non-R software dependencies Some of the R libraries that spannr uses internally rely on non-R software that needs to be installed before doing anything else. At the very least, you should make sure to install udunits and gdal on your system (if you’re on a Mac, I recommend homebrew). In my experience, some early users had those already installed without even knowing it (perhaps because they already used tools or R packages which depend on them). 1. Install the devtools package: On some systems, devtools installation fails because of missing libgit dependency. If that happens, please install libgit2 first (on a Mac, you can use homebrew again). 1. Install spannr: 1. That’s it! You can now load the package with the usual: Note that the package relies on several R packages for geospatial analyses which, in turn, depend on other software. In case the installation procedure in step #3 fails, inspect the error logs and install the software dependencies manually (on a Mac, use a tool such as homebrew). If that happens, I’d appreciate if you could submit an issue on Github. Thank you! Finally, because the package is actively being worked on, improvements and bug fixes are being added every couple of hours. Make sure to install the development version each time you’re about to test some things (such as the examples in this vignette). Defining the overall world map Before we do anything else, we need to define a section of the map of the world which will provide context for all downstream spatio-temporal manipulation of population ranges. In principle, any source of geospatial data which can be manipulated using the simple features (sf) infrastructure could be used. For now the spannr package implicitly uses the Natural Earth project data (in it’s vectorized form!), which it internally loads using the rnaturalearth interface. The first function we will look at is map(). This function will load the map of the entire world in a vectorized format and zoom in to a specified section of the world. Note that in the call below, we specify the coordinates of the zoom in a geographical Coordinate Reference System (CRS), i.e. longitude/latitude), but we also specified that we want to perform all the downstream manipulation of the spatial population maps in a projected CRS (Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection). This is more appropriate for representing a wider European continent used in this tutorial. Of course, different CRS projection could be used based on which part of the world we want to simulate. This is the current approach of spannr: let the user specify everything in an easy to understand longitude/latitude geographical CRS, but the internal data structures and the final exported spatial maps are internally handled in a projected CRS which is better for ensuring undistorted distances and proportions. map <- world( xrange = c(-15, 60), # min-max longitude yrange = c(20, 65), # min-max latitude crs = "EPSG:3035" # real projected CRS used internally Internally, the map object is a normal sf class object without additional components. This is unlike other spannr object described below, which are also sf objects but which carry additional internal components. Note that the summary of the object says “projected CRS: ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe”. This means that the world map has indeed been transformed in the projected CRS we specified above. #> spannr 'map' object #> internal coordinate reference system: EPSG 3035 #> spatial limits (in degrees longitude and latitude): #> - vertical -15 ... 60 #> - horizontal 20 ... 65 Plotting geographical features and population ranges The spannr package implements its own generic method called plot(), which overrides the default plot() function used for simple features sf objects. We do this in order to make it easier and more convenient to iteratively build more complex models. The function can smartly decide (based on given input arguments) what is the right way to present the data for the user which helps to define models more quickly without relying on the lower-level mechanisms of the sf package. More on that below, but here we will just plot the world context we just created: plot(map, title = "Zoomed-in world map context") Defining smaller geographic regions In addition to the overall spatial map context, we can also define smaller geographic boundaries. This is mostly useful whenever we want to restrict a population movement (such as spatial population expansion) to a smaller region of the map that has some intuitive geographic meaning (i.e. Anatolia, West Eurasia, etc.). africa <- region( "Africa", map, coords = list( c(-18, 20), c(40, 20), c(30, 33), c(20, 32), c(10, 35), c(-8, 35) europe_anatolia <- region( "Western Europe & Anatolia", coords = list( c(-10, 35), c(-5, 35), c(10, 38), c(20, 35), c(38, 35), c(40, 40), c(30, 45), c(20, 58), c(-5, 60), c(-15, 50) europe <- region( "Western Europe", coords = list( c(-8, 35), c(-5, 36), c(10, 38), c(20, 35), c(25, 35), anatolia <- region( coords = list( c(28, 35), c(40, 35), c(42, 40), c(30, 43), c(27, 40), c(25, 38) Note that the objects created above are not population boundaries (not yet anyway)! These are nothing else but labels of some generic geographic boundaries which can be used later. They are not attached to any population at this point. Again, the object returned by the region() function is actually a normal sf object, but carrying some additional annotation such as the name of the region (here “Anatolia”): #> spannr 'region' object #> internal coordinate reference system: EPSG 3035 However, the object also carries additional class annotations for the purpose of internal spannr machinery: #> [1] "spannr" "spannr_region" "sf" "data.frame" Furthermore, note that in all region() calls we specified the map object defined at the very beginning. This object is added as a hidden attribute to each spannr object and represents the context for all geospatial transformations, expansions, and plotting. Again, we can use the generic plot() function to plot both geographic regions in the context of the defined section of the world map: plot(europe, anatolia, title = "Geographic regions") Note that the map object is no longer explicitly specified. It is not needed, because each other class of objects provided to the plot() function must carry it as a “map” attribute. In fact, each such object must carry the same map context - spannr complains whenever this is not the case. We can check that the component is really there, although hidden, using the built-in attr function and verify that it is the same as the map object we created at the beginning: all(attr(europe, "map") == map) #> [1] TRUE all(attr(anatolia, "map") == map) #> [1] TRUE Defining spatial population boundaries One of the aims of the spannr package is formalizing the specification of spatial population boundaries and their changes over time. The core function for this is population(), which accepts the population name and the time in which we want to enforce that population’s boundary, the effective population size of this population, as well as the map object described above. We also have to specify from which population did our population split from (or explicitly say that it’s an ancestral population). As for specifying the actual spatial boundaries, we have several options. Polygon population ranges We can define fine population boundaries using a polygon geometry object (coords = argument) or a region object created by the region() function above. Again, as a reminder, note that all coordinates are described in the context of the geographic CRS. First, let’s create the African ancestors of modern humans. We restrict the spatial boundary of the African population to the africa region defined above: afr <- population( "AFR", parent = "ancestor", time = 55000, N = 1000, map = map, region = africa Circular population ranges In case we want to simulate a more abstract and simpler population boundary, we can specify a center and radius arguments instead of the polygons. All distance units in the spannr package are specified in the coordinate system given during “world creation”. For instance, EPSG 3035 we’re using here specifies distances in meters: Here we define the location of the population of non-Africans right after their split from the African ancestors: ooa <- population( "OOA", parent = afr, time = 51000, N = 200, remove = 27000, center = c(33, 30), radius = 500e3 # 500e3m = 500km If we call the plot() function on the returned object, we have the option to either plot the population range in its “raw” form or in its “intersected” form, in which case the raw boundary is intersected with the “background” landscape (removing large bodies of water, etc.). The intersected form is what is ultimately exported in a serialized form (see below) to be loaded as a spatial map into SLiM. This is why the plot() function renders intersected population ranges by default. plot(ooa, intersect = F, title = "'Raw' population range") plot(ooa, title = "'Intersected' population range") Population movement across a landscape To describe a a directional population movement, we can use the function move(). This accepts the coordinates of the destination points along the way (trajectory), the duration of the migration, and the number of individual spatial maps to save during export (snapshots - more in detail below). ooa <- ooa %>% move( trajectory = list(c(40, 30), c(50, 30), c(60, 40), c(70, 40)), start = 50000, end = 40000, snapshots = 30 We can inspect the object returned by the move() function and see that it now contains not just the first YAM population range at 7000 years ago, but also the ranges of the intermediate locations: #> spannr 'population' object #> name: OOA #> split from: AFR #> split time: 51000 #> removed at: 27000 #> snapshots: #> # time N #> 1 51000.00 200 #> 2 50000.00 200 #> 3 49696.97 200 #> 4 49393.94 200 #> 5 49090.91 200 #> ... #> # time N #> 31 41212.12 200 #> 32 40909.09 200 #> 33 40606.06 200 #> 34 40303.03 200 #> 35 40000.00 200 #> internal coordinate reference system: EPSG 3035 Checking the result visually again, we see: plot(ooa, title = "Intermediate migration maps") Let’s create a population of Eastern Hunter Gatherers (EHG), which split from the first non-Africans 28000 years ago: ehg <- population( "EHG", time = 28000, N = 400, parent = ooa, remove = 6000, coords = list( c(26, 55), c(38, 53), c(48, 53), c(60, 53), c(60, 60), c(48, 63), c(38, 63), c(26, 60) While we’re at it, let’s also create a population of Western Hunter Gatherers (WHG). Because the people living in this region eventually became present day Europeans after receiving admixture from other groups over time (see below), we will call them “EUR” to simplify the modeling code a little bit: eur <- population( name = "EUR", time = 25000, N = 1000, parent = ehg, region = europe Spatial population expansion We can simulate the expanding range of a population using the function expand(), which accepts a parameter specifying by how many kilometers should the boundary expand (the by argument), how long should the expansion take (the duration argument) and how many intermediate spatial map snapshots should be exported representing this expansion (the snapshots argument). For instance, let’s represent the expansion of Anatolian farmers, who also split from the OOA population at 28000 years ago, at the time of the split of the EHG population. Note that we use use an optional parameter region which restricts the expansion only to Europe, instead of all around Anatolia: ana <- population( name = "ANA", time = 28000, N = 800, parent = ooa, remove = 6000, center = c(34, 38), radius = 700e3, region = anatolia ) %>% expand( by = 2500e3, start = 10000, end = 7000, snapshots = 10, region = europe_anatolia Note that in principle, you could specify the entire spatio-temporal history of a population in a single pipeline using the pipe operator %>%. Again, we can inspect the object returned by the expand() function and see that it contains the spatial maps (“snapshots”) of the expansion process across time: #> spannr 'population' object #> name: ANA #> split from: OOA #> split time: 28000 #> removed at: 6000 #> snapshots: #> # time N #> 1 28000 800 #> 2 10000 800 #> 3 9700 800 #> 4 9400 800 #> 5 9100 800 #> 6 8800 800 #> 7 8500 800 #> 8 8200 800 #> 9 7900 800 #> 10 7600 800 #> 11 7300 800 #> 12 7000 800 #> internal coordinate reference system: EPSG 3035 We can (and should) check the results visually: plot(ana, title = "Anatolian expansion into Europe") To visually see what is really going on behind the scenes, we can plot the raw form of the expansion: plot(ana, title = "Anatolian expansion into Europe (not intersected)", intersect = F) We can see that the population of Anatolian farmers at some point invades the spatial boundary of the EUR population. On its own, this doesn’t imply admixture. In the section on admixture below, we will see how spannr implements admixture of overlapping (but also non-overlapping) populations. Let’s add a couple of more populations and migrations before we move on to implementing admixture between them, Yamnaya steppe people: yam <- population( name = "YAM", time = 7000, N = 600, parent = ehg, remove = 2000, coords = list( c(26, 50), c(38, 49), c(48, 50), c(48, 56), c(38, 59), c(26, 56) Yamnaya invading Europe: To model the migration of the Yamnaya into Europe, we’re splitting a new “YAM_migr” population from the original Yamnaya. The latter will stay where it is, while the migrating population will start invading the spatial range of Europeans (“Nolithic” population at the time): yam_migr <- population( name = "YAM_migr", time = 6000, N = 1000, parent = yam, remove = 2900, coords = list( ) %>% trajectory = c(15, 50), start = 5000, end = 3000, snapshots = 8 Plotting multiple spannr objects In addition to plotting individual population ranges, the generic function plot() can handle a combination of population ranges, and can also partition them in individual facets. This is very useful for visual inspection of the specified model and for looking for potential issues before the export of individual spatio-temporal maps. Obviously, this is a lot of multi-dimensional information so the plot is definitely not perfect, but it should provide a reasonably compact overview of what we’ve built so far. plot(afr, ooa, ehg, eur, ana, yam, yam_migr, ncol = 2) Define admixture events The way spannr implements admixture events is by calling the admixture() function. This function has a very straightforward interface which you should be able to understand from the examples below. One thing to note is that the from and to populations must have overlapping spatial ranges in order to simulate admixture. This is probably rather obvious, as populations can’t mix in space-time if they don’t overlap at a given point in space-time. For example, if you look at the spatial boundaries plotted above, you’ll see that the European and African populations don’t have any overlap in population ranges. If we try to instruct spannr to simulate admixture between them, we will get an error: admixtures <- admixture(from = eur, to = afr, rate = 0.1, start = 20000, end = 15000) Not a sufficient overlap between population ranges of EUR and AFR at time 20000. The required overlap is 0.20 but the current overlap is Please check the spatial maps of both populations by running `plot(eur, afr, pop_facets = F)` and either adjust the admixture parameters or add `overlap = F` which will instruct spannr to simulate admixture without spatial overlap. The error message instructs us to visually verify that this is the case, which can be done by spannr’s plot() function and the optional parameter pop_facets = F (which is set to TRUE by default): plot(eur, afr, pop_facets = F) Many models will include multiple admixture events, which we can collect in a simple R list: admixtures <- list( admixture(from = ana, to = eur, rate = 0.5, start = 8000, end = 6000), admixture(from = yam_migr, to = eur, rate = 0.75, start = 4000, end = 3000) The admixture() function returns nothing else than a data frame collecting all the admixture parameters for the compile() step below: #> [[1]] #> from_name to_name tstart tend rate overlap #> 1 ANA EUR 8000 6000 0.5 TRUE #> [[2]] #> from_name to_name tstart tend rate overlap #> 1 YAM_migr EUR 4000 3000 0.75 TRUE Compile the whole model and load it in SLiM The most crucial function of spannr is compile(). It takes all population ranges defined across space and time together with list of admixture events (this is optional, of course, as some models won’t include admixture), and then proceeds by converting all vectorized spatial ranges to a raster bitmap form. Furthermore, it compiles all information about split times, $N_e$ values, admixture directions, times and rates, to a series of tables. All of that will be saved automatically in a dedicated directory in a format that is understood by the backend SLiM script provided by spannr (more on that below). model <- compile( populations = list(afr, ooa, ehg, eur, ana, yam, yam_migr), admixtures = admixtures, model_dir = "/tmp/test-model", generation_time = 30, resolution = 10e3, # 10km per pixel overwrite = TRUE What do the files in the model directory look like? In an ideal case, you as a user should never worry about these things. In fact, the whole purpose of spannr is to let you work on much higher level of abstraction without worrying about these low-level details. That said, you might find it useful to see how things are stored in the background… First of all, we can inspect the contents of the directory and see that it does, indeed, contain all defined spatial maps (now PNG files, which is what SLiM requires). list.files("/tmp/test-model", pattern = "*.png") #> [1] "1.png" "10.png" "11.png" "12.png" "13.png" "14.png" "15.png" "16.png" #> [9] "17.png" "18.png" "19.png" "2.png" "20.png" "21.png" "22.png" "23.png" #> [17] "24.png" "25.png" "26.png" "27.png" "28.png" "29.png" "3.png" "30.png" #> [25] "31.png" "32.png" "33.png" "34.png" "35.png" "36.png" "37.png" "38.png" #> [33] "39.png" "4.png" "40.png" "41.png" "42.png" "43.png" "44.png" "45.png" #> [41] "46.png" "47.png" "48.png" "49.png" "5.png" "50.png" "51.png" "52.png" #> [49] "53.png" "54.png" "55.png" "56.png" "57.png" "58.png" "59.png" "6.png" #> [57] "60.png" "61.png" "7.png" "8.png" "9.png" It also contains a series of tab-separated configuration tables. These tables contain summaries of the model parameters which we defined graphically above, namely: • the table of population splits: read.table("/tmp/test-model/splits.tsv", header = T) #> pop_id N parent_id tsplit tremove #> 1 0 1000 -1 1833.3333 -1.00000 #> 2 1 200 0 1700.0000 900.00000 #> 3 2 400 1 933.3333 200.00000 #> 4 3 800 1 933.3333 200.00000 #> 5 4 1000 2 833.3333 -1.00000 #> 6 5 600 2 233.3333 66.66667 #> 7 6 1000 5 200.0000 96.66667 • the table of admixture events: read.table("/tmp/test-model/admixtures.tsv", header = T) #> from_id to_id tstart tend rate overlap #> 1 3 4 266.6667 200 50 1 #> 2 6 4 133.3333 100 75 1 • and finally, the table of populations whose spatial maps will be updated throughout the simulation, as well as the times of those updates (this table is rather long, so we’re taking a peek at only the first couple of lines): head(read.table("/tmp/test-model/maps.tsv", header = T)) #> pop_id time map_number #> 1 0 -1.000 1 #> 2 1 1700.000 2 #> 3 1 1666.667 3 #> 4 1 1656.567 4 #> 5 1 1646.467 5 #> 6 1 1636.367 6 The object returned by the compile() function (called model here) binds all of this information together. In fact, for easier debugging and sanity checks, it carries the locations of these tables (as well as other important information) in it as elements of a list model$splits, model$admixtures, etc. In case you’d want to separate model specification and running into different scripts, spannr includes a function read() just for this purpose: loaded_model <- read("/tmp/test-model") Visualize the entire history of splits and admixtures With the couple of code snippets above, we have defined a simple history of European populations over the last 50 thousand years. This history includes population splits and admixture events as well as other demographic changes. While spannr tries to make the formal specification of spatio-temporal population dynamics as concise as possible, in the hope to increase reproducibility and minimize errors, because the admixture history can be very complex and occurs both across space and time, it is hard to really visualize everything that will happen on the SLiM side after the simulation starts just from the code alone. For this purpose, the package includes a function graph() which takes in all the information about the relationships between populations (i.e., the population and admixture objects we defined above) and plots it all in the form of a so-called admixture graph (see here for a discussion of the admixture graph concept). One important thing to note here is that unlike traditional admixture graphs where each node/population is present only once, in the full spannr graph, a single population can participate in many admixture events over the course of history. This is visualized by assigning a color to each population, and different nodes of the same color representing snapshots in time when a demographic event affecting that population happens. Running the simulation The way we feed the entire serialized model into SLiM is through the slim() function, which understands the format of the model directory created by the compile() function and generates a SLiM script (using a backend skeleton script which is a part of this package and can be found by calling system.file("inst/extdata/backend.slim", package = "spannr"), in case you’d like to peek into its internals). Note that when you run this model in SLiMgui (which should automatically open by calling the command below), you will see populations pop up in individual panels. This is how SLiMgui tracks spatial ranges of different populations. Everyone is still simulated in the same world, it’s just that the simulation visualizes individual population ranges separately to reduce clutter. A couple of more things to note: notice that the function accepts several parameters determining the length of the simulated sequence and the recombination rate, as well as the length of the burnin period, the total time of the simulation run (excluding burnin), and generation time (which is used to convert all times defined during model specification above into SLiM’s inetrnal units of generations). Finally, the parameter track_ancestry determines whether we want our SLiM script to track ancestry proportion changes in all simulations using neutral markers uniformly distributed along each genome. The default value of this parameter is FALSE and no ancestry tracking is performed. Any other non-zero, posititive integer value specifies how many markers we want to use for tracking. Please note that this significantly increases the simulation overhead, not only because the actual burden of mutation objects being simulated, but also because the ancestry is calculated in each generation for each simulated genome. In this case, we’re tracking ancestry using a single non-recombining marker to minimize computational time for the purposes of this demo. Ancestry tracking is very useful to monitor that the spatial admixture model as defined in R really behaves as expected even on the SLiM side. This can be verified by inspecting files named as output_ancestry_XXX.tsv in the specified output directory. See the manpage of slim() for more details. model, seq_length = 100, recomb_rate = 0, max_interaction = 200e3, spread = 50e3, save_locations = TRUE, track_ancestry = 1, method = "batch" # run the model in batch mode (default is SLiMgui) Post-simulation diagnostics In case we instructed spannr to track ancestry proportions, we can visualize them after the simulation is over using the built-in diagnostics() function. This is quite bare-bones for now and the way diagnostics are generated is subject to change… Similarly, we can recapitulate the spatial dynamics with the spannr function animate() (this functions is also very bare-bones at the moment and is mostly useful as a proof of concept rather than anything else): animate(model, nframes = 200) In case an argument gif = ... was provided, the function will save the animation to the specified location as a GIF file. Note that unless your simulation is very short and/or involves only a small population, rendering of the animation can take several minutes.
The Conning of America The Great War and American Popular Literature The Conning of America examines for the first time from a literary perspective the propaganda writings produced in the United States during the period of World War I. This American propaganda literature was written in two distinct stages: the first stage was written by the pro-War establishment based on the East Coast of the United States before American entry into the conflict. It attempted to vilify Germany and her Allies while at the same time showing England, France, and Russia as the victims of a well-planned organized German plan for world domination—beginning with the invasion of neutral Belgium. The literature urged the United States to prepare for a German invasion of America and to be wary of German-Americans, who most likely were spies in the employ of the Imperial German government. The second stage of propaganda literature occurred when America declared war on the Central Powers in April 1917. While still using the blood thirsty militaristic Hun as a symbol of German inherent evil, the propaganda literature began to portray the Americans as the saviors of European culture. American boys were being sent to Europe on a spiritual mission to purify decadent European culture, while at the same time their sacrifice would rejuvenate and sanctify American values in the fire of the conflict in order for America to take her proper place in the new post-war order. Introduction: Background Chapter One: The Invasion of Belgium Chapter Two: The Belgian Atrocities Chapter Three: The Sinking of the Lusitania and the Execution of Nurse Edith Cavell Chapter Four: The German Invasion of America Novels Chapter Five: The Enemy Within Chapter Six: Saving the Heart of Civilization: The Road to War Chapter Seven: The Yanks Are Coming Conclusion: All for Nothing? Works Cited: Bibliography: General Reference Works Bibliography: British and Allied Literature Bibliography: American Novels and Personal Narratives Bibliography: Selected American Short Stories
Write a formula for the area of a circle with radius r Hopefully that doesn't confuse you. Java Program to Calculate and Display Area of a Circle Sagitta The sagitta is the vertical segment. If the barrel is fluted a maximum heavy varmint blank is usually used and for good reason. Mars looks like the freaking moon, for cryin' out loud. The amazing thing is that this number is the same, no matter how big the circle is. As I write this it is fifty years later and the movie The Martian is still science fiction, not a documentary. For interest, I also calculated the maximum length 1. Which is just as vile as it sounds. They could not understand that the law of celestial mechanics admit of no appeal. Enmity vanishes when men are in peril on sea or in space. My fellow grad student Tony DeRose felt the same need, and together we sketched out a simple Lisp program that would handle this as a preprocessor. For some odd reason those two will not chemically combine without some coaxing. Inscribed angle theorem Inscribed angle theorem An inscribed angle examples are the blue and green angles in the figure is exactly half the corresponding central angle red. Now, we also want to find the difference between this area and the area of a circle with diameter 4r. The complex exponential of the circle constant is unity. He grins and names his salary. The ascent stage continues as Ascent Stage II. For a procedure defined at the top level this will be the global environment, but it is also possible for a procedure to refer to the local variables of the environment in which it was defined and not the environment in which it is called. Once upon a time there was a mathematician. The crew then frantically does as much Martian scientific research as they can cram into 30 days. The stiffer a barrel is, the less the muzzle will jump around. And so we know that this rectangle has a larger area than the circle. Low High Muscle engines have the thrust to perform Hohmann trajectories but the low specific impulse means they have to carry outrageous amounts of propellant. But torch ships had won a foothold even there: Angles inscribed on the arc brown are supplementary. For some hours there had been a great confusion and alarm on board, as the radio messages from Earth and Federation were intercepted. From this equation we can see that the moment of inertia increases with the fourth power of the diameter. Been there, done that, got the T-shirt. It was about As it gets smaller and smaller, b gets closer and closer to a straight line. Anyway, hopefully you found that useful. What this means is that you can multiply the diameter of a circle by a special number that is just over 3 to find the distance around the outside. This identity involves complex exponentiation, which is deeply connected both to the circle functions and to the geometry of the circle itself. Spaceships travel at enormous velocities on exactly calculated paths, which do not permit of major alterations—as the passengers of the Pegasus were now beginning to appreciate. The next stiffest barrel was a maximum heavy varmint blank with four of its five inches of 1. I'm doing more research, but apparently the MEM design is so popular, that it was later redesigned just a bit to remove the need for liquid fluorine oxidizer. In the end, we both got our theses done TonyPeter. Such engines don't have to use weak Hohmanns, they can use fantastically expensive but rapid Brachistochrone trajectories. So unless we are dealing with a barrel made from some other material, this part of the equation remains the same. Aug 30, · To calculate the radius of a circle by using the circumference, take the circumference of the circle and divide it by 2 times π. For a circle with a circumference of 15, you would divide 15 by 2 times and round the decimal point to your answer of approximately %(74). Oct 15, · But a circle's area is calculated with r to the power of 2. If you increase r by 25%, you could phrase this as r' = r * 1,25 And thus r'^2 = r^2 * 1,25^2 The size of A' would thus be 1,25^2 times the original size, the difference would be 1,25^2 - 1 (1 meaning % of the old size) or 56,25%.Status: Resolved. C Program to Calculate Area Of a Circle using Radius If we know the radius then we can calculate the area of a circle using formula: A=πr² (Here A is the area of the circle and r is radius). In this C program, we allow user to enter radius, and then finds area, and circumference. Formula: Perimeter of circle=pi * radius * radius. Enter the radius of the circle as input. Now we use the given formula to calculate the area of the circle using formula. Here is the source code of the Java Program to Calculate and Display Area of a Circle. What is the Area of a Circle? The Java program is successfully compiled and run on a Windows system. stylehairmakeupms.com •Recognize the formula for the area of a circle. •Find the area of circles given radius or diameter. •Find radius or diameter given area. (How to Write a (Lisp) Interpreter (in Python)) This page has two purposes: to describe how to implement computer language interpreters in general, and in particular to build an interpreter for most of the Scheme dialect of Lisp using Python 3 as the implementation language. Write a formula for the area of a circle with radius r Rated 0/5 based on 25 review css - How to draw circle in html page? - Stack Overflow
Making Discount Meaningful Educators teaching math typically start with the “mathy” stuff first. For example, for finding the sales price teachers may start with showing students the steps to calculate (photo below). I start with the concept, either with a pictorial representation or actual objects to represent the underlying concept. In the photo above, I show an object (related to the student’s interest – this student is into weight training) on sale. The $50 circled in yellow represent the original price. I explain the concept of being on sale and discount and show that 20% is $10 to take away (marked out). This leaves $40 (in green) which is the sales price. This allows for conceptual understanding before showing him the “mathy” way of doing the problem. compute discount Tagged , , , , , , , , Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s %d bloggers like this:
yellow line Horse Training Badge (Discover Agriculture or Discover Outdoors) By Mackenzie Speers & Paula Speers Disclaimer: Horses can be dangerous and all interactions should be supervised by an experienced adult. Please learn and follow all safety rules. Note: This badge is focused on ground training. There is no one right way to train a horse, as many methods can be used. Preschool: Do three requirements including the one starred * ___ *1. What are the proper safe... You are unauthorized to view this page.
Telekinesis Practice – How to Make and Rotate a Psi Wheel Hands around a rotating, spinning psi wheel Telekinesis Practice – How to Make and Rotate a Psi Wheel Reading time: 4 minutes Some of you want to levitate objects, and many of you are perfectly happy to just move them around. I must say I have never seen levitation in my life. I have heard stories about it, some have claimed to be able to do it, but I have never ever seen it. But moving objects is surely possible and many of us have done it successfully and still do it today. There are many different exercises for beginners, but it is best recommended to start with a tool. There are many different tools to start practicing, here is the easiest and most common version: The Psi Wheel. Psi wheel is a tool that anyone interested in the topic of telekinesis should try. If you want to see it while it’s moving, search for “psi wheel” on Youtube. See How to Practice Telekinesis with a simple device. Items you will need to make the psi wheel One of the reasons why the psi wheel is so popular is that you can find everything you need to make it in your own household. First, you will need a piece of eraser or clay for the base. You’ll need a sharp object too. A needle is best, but a toothpick will also do. You will also need a square piece of paper (or a sheet of tinfoil). Anything will do, even a sheet of notebook paper, but no bigger than about 10×10 cm. It is recommended to choose some lightweight paper or foil, as this will make it easier to rotate. Items needed for making a psi wheel are: paper, rubber and a needle or a toothpick You only need a few everyday items to make a psi wheel. How to make the psi wheel 1. Cut a square piece of paper. 2. Fold it as shown in the picture below to make a triangle. 3. Then unfold and fold the other way round in the same way. The fold should be on the same side. 4. Now there should be an X on your piece of paper. 5. Turn the sheet over. 6. Fold the sheet in half. 7. Open it and fold the other half in half. 8. Now there should be a plus (+) sign on this side. 9. If you did it right, your card will look like this. 10. Now take a needle or a toothpick. Stick it straight into a clay, eraser, or any base that will hold it. The canopy can be a little more open than in the picture. 10 easy steps for making psi wheel to practice telekinesis Create a psi wheel in 10 easy steps The movement Several methods are described for how to move it. Here is the simplest: 1. Sit facing the wheel. Relatively close, but far enough away that your breath doesn’t move the wheel. Also, make sure there is no breeze or draft in the room. It is best to close the doors and windows. 2. Breathe and relax. Feel the energy flowing through you. Allow yourself to feel the sensation. Everyone feels different, some feel like lying in a river, others like being stuck in an electromagnetic field. 3. Watch the wheel. Feel it, examine it and focus on it. But don’t touch it. In your mind you will feel its material, the touch of the paper. 4. Once you have a perfect feel of the wheel and are slowly becoming one with it, think about the direction you want to move the wheel. DO NOT try to move it. Do not try to mentally push it away or move it. It won’t work that way. 5. Put your hands around the wheel. Then mentally ask the wheel to turn. I know it sounds silly, but try. 6. Soon or later the wheel will start to move. Hands around a rotating, spinning psi wheel Other tips and experiences Don’t expect a miracle right away, for some people it takes days to move the psi wheel, for others it takes weeks. Usually the development is visible after a few days. The psi wheel may not spin right away, it may just move a little. A little wobble is not a result, keep trying. Start practicing today If you can already spin the psi wheel with your hands around it, try to improve your technique gradually and spin without using your hands. If you are still successful you have reached a high level of telekinesis. Egely Wheel - Official website Egely Wheel - Official website [email protected]
Definition of OS The main goals of the OS developers Appointment of OS 1940 – 1950s – no OS 1960s – development of the first OS 1980s - DOS development 1987 – OS / 2 appearance 1985 – appearance of Microsoft Windows In Conclusion Categories: informaticsinformatics historyhistory History of development of operating systems 2. Contents Definition of OS………………………………... The main goals of the OS developers …………….... History of OS 1. 1940 – 1950s – no OS…………. 2. 1960s – development of the first OS………… 3. 1970s – UNIX OS development………………. 4. 1980s - DOS development ………………... 5. 1987 – OS / 2 appearance…………………….. 6. 1985 – appearance of Microsoft Windows 3. Introduction The increasing pace of computerization has already brought closer the time when not only relatively few information processing professionals, but almost all members of society are in contact with computers. Contact with a computer is contact with its software and, above all, with the operating system (OS). The properties of the OS are often no less important than the properties of the hardware. There are cases when the transition from one OS to another on the same machine led to almost five-fold acceleration of program development. On a “bare” car in the modern world almost nobody works, and that’s it determines interest in operating systems. 4. Definition of OS The operating system to the greatest extent determines the appearance of the entire computing system as a whole. Despite this, users who actively use computer technology often have difficulty trying to define the operating system. This is partly due to the fact that the OS performs two essentially little related functions: providing the user-programmer with facilities by providing him with an extended machine improving the efficiency of computer use by rational management of its OS - a set of programs (conventional and micro) that provide the ability to use computer hardware. At the same time, the equipment provides raw computing power, and the task of the operating system is to provide the equipment for the user in a form convenient for him. 5. The main goals of the OS developers Efficient use of all computer resources Improving the productivity of programmers Simplicity, flexibility, efficiency and reliability of the organization of the computing process Ensuring the independence of applications from hardware (AO) 6. Appointment of OS The operating system is an intermediary between a computer and its user. It makes working with computers easier, relieving the user of the obligation to allocate resources and manage them. The operating system analyzes user requests and ensures their implementation. 7. 1940 – 1950s – no OS Full access to computer resources in machine language, all programs are developed in binary code. This period is characterized by the high cost of acquiring and operating computers and the low cost of labor for programmers. Computers were used in exclusive interactive mode. The main goal is to maximize the use of hardware. The main mode of the computer is simple and waiting for any actions of the programmer. At the same time, insufficient use of expensive computing equipment is 8. 1960s – development of the first OS An important trend of this period is the creation of families of softwarecompatible machines and operating systems for them. Examples of families of software-compatible machines built on integrated circuits are the IBM / 360, IBM / 370 and PDP-11 series of machines. Software compatibility also required operating system compatibility. However, such compatibility implies the ability to work on large and small computing systems, with a large and small number of diverse peripherals, in the commercial field and in the field of scientific research. Operating systems built with the intention of satisfying all these conflicting requirements have proven to be extremely complex. They consisted of many millions of assembler lines written by thousands of programmers and contained thousands of errors causing an endless stream of corrections. The operating systems of this generation were very expensive. An important milestone in the history of operating systems was the creation of the UNIX OS. A feature of this system was that it was the first system program that was written using a language other than machine language (assembler). Since the mid 70-ies began the massive use of UNIX. By this time, the program code for UNIX was 90% written in a high-level C language. The widespread use of effective Ccompilers made UNIX unique for that time, with a relatively easy port to various types of computers. Since this OS came with the source code, then it became the first open OS that simple people could improve enthusiastic users. 10. 1980s - DOS development The history of DOS (Disk Operation System) began in 1980 at Seattle Computer Products. Networking functions did not appear immediately on personal computer operating systems. The first version of the most popular operating system of an early stage in the development of personal computers - Microsoft's MS-DOS - was deprived of these capabilities. It was a single-program, single-user OS with a command line interface, capable of starting from a floppy The missing functions for MS-DOS and similar OSs were compensated by external programs that provided the user with a convenient graphical interface (for example, Norton Commander) or thin disk management tools (for example, PC Tools). 11. 1987 – OS / 2 appearance In 1987, as a result of the joint efforts of Microsoft and IBM, the first multitasking system for personal computers with an Intel 80286 processor appeared, fully using the capabilities of protected mode - OS / 2. This system was well thought out. It supported preemptive multitasking, virtual memory, a graphical user interface (not from the first version), and a virtual machine for running DOS applications. In fact, it went beyond simple multitasking with its concept of parallelizing individual processes, called a lot of threading. OS / 2 with its advanced multitasking features and the HPFS file system with built-in multi-user protection has proven to be a good platform for building local networks of personal computers. 12. 1985 – appearance of Microsoft Windows In those days, when work on Windows was just beginning, it was believed that the future belongs to integrated environments. Microsoft's position was different: the president of the company, Bill Gates, decided to start creating a graphical environment that would serve as a standard platform for application developers. So, Microsoft has set itself the task of creating a platform for developers. It was supposed to provide developers with built-in functions for implementing the user interface and its components - windows, menus, dialog panels that could be controlled using the keyboard or 13. In Conclusion The history of the OS has about half a century. It was largely determined and determined by the development of the element base and computing equipment. At the moment, the global computer industry is developing very rapidly. System performance is increasing, and therefore the ability to process large amounts of data is increasing. Therefore, in recent years there has been a transition to more powerful and most advanced operating systems. English Русский Rules
File Systems Performance Comparison Abundant performance delivered by today's quad-core processors has shifted the performance bottleneck from the CPU and memory to the disk I/O subsystem in most of day-to-day usage scenarios. In order to optimize system's responsiveness, performance-hungry computer enthusiasts carefully selecting top-notch, 10K RPM mechanical drives and stunningly fast SSD disks. But, what about the operating system? Which one of the modern operating systems is capable of utilizing fast hard drives and multi-core CPUs most effectively? In order to answer the question, we have performed a variety of file management operations such as file search, file classification, storage utilization analysis, duplicate files search, file copy, file synchronization and file delete on Windows 7 (64-Bit), Windows XP (64-Bit) and Ubuntu Linux 9.04 (64-Bit). All tests were performed using the DiskBoss File and Disk Manager (64-Bit) on a host computer equipped with a Q9650 quad-core CPU, 4GB of system memory and a pair of 10K RPM WD Raptor hard disks. It is a well known fact that the performance of file operations greatly depends on the amount and size of processed files. In order to accurately calculate average file system performance, we have prepared a mixed 15 GB file set containing 100K files including about 75K small files, 24K medium-sized files and 1K large files. All operating systems were tested using exactly the same file set and on the same hardware platform. Finally, in order to minimize the impact of the file system cache, the test computer was restarted before each test. From the beginning, we were surprised to discover that actually the 8-years-old Windows XP is faster than the brand new Windows 7 in all tested file management operations. The difference was not so big in duplicate files search and file copy/sync operations, but file search, classification and storage utilization analysis operations are working much faster on Windows XP than Windows 7. The real surprise was the performance delivered by Ubuntu 9.04 (64-Bit). In all file search, classification and storage utilization analysis operations Ubuntu is faster than both tested Windows operating systems by a huge margin. Initially, it was hard to believe that the difference between operating systems running on the same hardware platform may be so large, but after tens of tests we have got to the conclusion that such a big difference in the file system performance may be attributed to the EXT3 file system used in Ubuntu. The performance of duplicate file search operations was almost identical for all operating systems with Windows XP achieving the best performance, followed by Ubuntu with a slightly slower result and finally Windows 7 with the slowest result. Yes, Windows 7 is very promising and it supposed to be faster than Windows XP, but the benchmark results we have got prove that actually Windows XP is faster than Windows 7. The performance advantage of the EXT3 file system used in Ubuntu Linux may be very significant when processing large amounts of small to medium-sized files and computer users and IT professionals constantly working with large amounts data should seriously consider using Ubuntu Linux as the main file and data management platform.
Quick Answer: Why Do Proboscis Monkeys Have Such A Large Nose? What animal has a long nose? His nose is his trunk, useful for a variety of tasks.. How many proboscis monkeys are left? Is a proboscis a tongue? During rest, the tube-like feeding structure of the butterfly (i.e., the proboscis, equated to a “tongue”) remains coiled tightly against the head. However, when the butterfly moves to feed upon the nectar of a flower or something akin, the proboscis unfurls to extend downward into the flower’s center. What is a big nose called? An aquiline nose (also called a Roman nose or hook nose) is a human nose with a prominent bridge, giving it the appearance of being curved or slightly bent. The word aquiline comes from the Latin word aquilinus (“eagle-like”), an allusion to the curved beak of an eagle. Which animal Cannot walk backwards? emusUnlike ostriches, emus cannot walk backwards; however, it’s not known why. Emus are known for their fast sprinting and long distance running. They’re the only bird species that has calf muscles. What monkey has the biggest nose? Why are proboscis monkeys important? Studies have shown that the Proboscis Monkey being a folivore may contribute significantly to seed dispersal for the various fruits that form part of its diet (Matsuda et.al, 2013). Thus its survival may well contribute to the maintenance of the very forest it lives in. What is a butterfly tongue called? Do monkeys have hands? Monkeys have hands, and almost all primates are considered to have hands. Primates use these hands for things like gripping tree branches and grasping… What animal does the biggest poop? Do humans have a proboscis? An abnormal facial appendage that sometimes accompanies ocular and nasal abnormalities in humans is also called a proboscis. Notable mammals with some form of proboscis are: Aardvark. Anteater. Why do proboscis monkeys swim? Why does proboscis monkey have nose? Do flies have a proboscis? Do monkeys have noses? Which animal can sleep for 3 years? How Long Can Snails Sleep? Certain land snails can sleep for up to three years in hibernation or estivation. What do proboscis monkeys have big noses? It turns out that male proboscis monkeys with large noses tend to be bulkier than their small-nosed kin. … Larger noses also alter the males’ mating calls in ways that signal their visual attractiveness. The bigger the nose a male proboscis monkey has, the likelier it is that he’ll have a large, multi-female harem. What is the size of proboscis monkeys? Male: 66 – 76 cmHead and bodyFemale: 53 – 64 cmHead and bodyProboscis monkey/Length
Follow Us: Friday, May 14, 2021 Transparent masks for the deaf and hearing-impaired: All you need to know Dehradun-based Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment's NIEPVD has come up with the transparent masks, which are believed to support the deaf and hearing-impaired. Written by Jayashree Narayanan \| Pune \| Updated: May 27, 2020 3:30:39 pm transparent masks, clear masks,, indianexpress, deaf community, hearing impaired community, people with disabilities, ISLRTC, NIEPVD, social justice and empowerment ministry, Here is what transparent masks look like. (Source: Nachiketa Rout/NIEPVD/Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment) While most of us instinctively reach out for the safety of face masks when we step out, for the hearing impaired and deaf community that uses lip-reading and facial expressions to communicate, this poses a major challenge in the ongoing pandemic. Among them is 37-year-old Madan Kumar P, who works with the Government’s Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MSJE). The issue struck Amit Sharma, vice principal, National Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities (NIEPVD), Dehradun (under the MSJE, Government of India). Which is why, he along with his team at NIEPVD came up with transparent or clear masks in the last week of April. transparent masks, clear masks,, indianexpress, deaf community, hearing impaired community, people with disabilities, ISLRTC, NIEPVD, social justice and empowerment ministry, Madan Kumar P, who identifies as a deaf with Amit Sharma. (Source: Amit Sharma/NIEPVD/MSJE) What are transparent masks? Why is there a need? While face masks are personal protective devices which, when used properly, help one to stay safe from contracting seasonal diseases, and have become the face of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, according to Sharma, a transparent sheet mask or transparent mask can help persons with hearing impairment. “There are two types of masks which are useful for various categories of persons depending upon the work environment. One is double layer cotton mask and the other is double layer cotton mask with transparent sheet. While the first is useful for members of the public such as office-going persons, security persons, sweepers among others, the second type is useful for hearing impaired persons as well as general population. The transparent sheet in the middle of the mask helps ensure that such people have no problem with lip-reading. The mask is breathable so there is no discomfort for the user,” Sharma told Why is lip reading important for many people with hearing impairment? As much as 70 per cent of the communication is non-verbal and a major part of it is contributed by lip-reading, stated Nachiketa Rout, director, NIEPVD. It becomes very important for children with auditory processing disorders as well as those with learning disabilities (who do not have any peripheral hearing loss and are legally not disabled) to have ample speech reading skills, which may be blocked by use of regular masks, Rout said. Harish Soni, assistant professor, ISLRTC (Indian Sign Language Research and Training Center), New Delhi agrees that speech reading may not entirely help the deaf, but nonetheless it “supports them in understanding many words”. “This transparent mask will not only help in understanding words, but facial expressions as well, which is not the case with regular masks,” he told What are these masks made of? These are made of cotton and biodegradable plastic made of sugarcane fibre, which is also called bio-polypropylene. As a polymer derived from plants, bio-polypropylene is seen as an effective alternative to harmful plastics. Who made the masks? While observing social distancing norms and hygiene protocols, the masks have been designed by the institute’s medical team and a tailor, with Sharma spearheading the project. How many have used them? transparent masks, clear masks,, indianexpress, deaf community, hearing impaired community, people with disabilities, ISLRTC, NIEPVD, social justice and empowerment ministry, Amit Sharma with his students, wearing transparent masks. (Source: Amit Sharma/NIEPVD/MSJE) “We have already produced 800 masks and distributed 250 masks to Uttarakhand Police. Adults with hearing loss and some pensioners of NIEPVD who are above 60 years have also received them. They have been appreciated by Dr Sunni Mathews, director, AYJ National Institute of Speech and Hearing Disorder, Mumbai. A few children with hearing impairment, too, have been using the masks,” informed Rout. Will it be commercially available anytime soon? While Sharma mentioned the masks are being provided to deaf and hearing impaired institutes, Rout mentioned that the project has been given for approval to the Department of Disability Affairs, MSJE, Govt of India (so that it can be up-scaled). “Without labour costs, it costs around Rs 10, and taking that into account, it is estimated at Rs 20, which is way cheaper than presently used N95 masks,” remarked Sharma. ALSO READ \| Louis Vuitton is making face masks for frontline healthcare workers Change in lifestyle needed, people should inculcate habit of wearing masks and gloves: Civic chief \| Coronavirus: Brandon Maxwell to Prada, fashion designers are making protective masks \| How to make face masks at home: A step-by-step guide Some dos and don’ts while using the transparent masks, as per Sharma. Unfold the pleats; make sure that they are facing down. Place over nose, mouth and chin. Fit flexible nose piece over nose bridge. Secure with tie strings (upper string to be tied on top of head above the ears, lower string at the back of the neck. Ensure there are no gaps on either side of the mask, adjust to fit. Do not let the mask hang from the neck. Change the mask after six hours or as soon as they become wet. While removing the mask, great care must be taken not to touch the potentially infected outer surface of the mask. *To remove mask, first untie the string below and then the string above and handle the mask using the upper strings. For all the latest Lifestyle News, download Indian Express App.
display \| more... In 1943 the world was at war, and the US needed every bit copper it could get its hands on. After testing materials such as glass, plastic, and ceramics, they decided to make penny out of zinc coated steel. At the time the US mints used large hoppers to feed the presses. However, in a rush to get coins out, the mint did a poor job of inspecting the hoppers when the changeover was made. In 1947, copper pennies dated 1943 began appearing around the country. The first discovered by Dr. Don Ottelin, a second by 16 year old high school student Don Lutes, Jr. In 1963, a new coin dealer as a joke copper plated a bag of steel 1943 pennies and spent them all over New York. Nearly all 1943 copper pennies offered for sale are fake. Real ones will pass the following tests: 1. Nonmagnetic 2. Weighs 3.11 grams 3. Same long tailed 3 as the steel pennies 4. Incredibly sharp details Numbers Known of 1943 Copper Pennies Philadelphia - 40 Denver – 24 San Francisco – 24 In 1944 the mint returned to making copper pennies, and managed to screw it up again by producing a few steel 1944 pennies.
Migraine Support The Link Between MS And Migraines Migraines do not form part of the clinical features of multiple sclerosis. Medical researches indicate that people with multiple sclerosis have a higher likelihood of experiencing headaches such as migraines than others. The chances of people who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis getting migraines are two to three times higher than the general population. However, no medical research has singled out headache as one of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis or if the same person's occurrence is coincidental.
Local Authorities: Actions Local Authorities can take on achieving net-zero More than half of the UK’s principal local authorities have declared a climate emergency in the last eight months. The impact of climate change is already being widely felt and action at a local and regional level is necessary if we are to reduce the risks of climate change. Local authorities have a vital part to play in delivering carbon emission reductions, particularly in transport but also in other areas such as buildings, energy, and waste. Many have set net-zero targets, with some declaring that they will reach net-zero by 2030 (Carbon Trust) In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the focus needed at a community level has asserted the pivotal role local bodies play during a crisis. The pandemic has also given authorities the chance to think about how businesses can make a green recovery and build back better. But how will local authorities start delivering measurable action? This is the challenge facing many of the UK’s local authorities today. This guide aims to provide local authorities, wanting to tackle climate change and achieve net-zero, with some pointers that can make a real difference. Have you considered these actions in your plan? Promote energy management for local businesses – Investing in an energy management system provides businesses with a way to monitor the energy efficiency measures they have implemented. It also offers them better energy efficiency support alongside the existing services you are delivering. Energy audits give businesses a great starting point but it is interactive and simple tools that will help sustain behaviour change in the local community. Find out more Back systems that enable remote energy management – In response to the COVID-19 pandemic remote working measures have been implemented and have proven in many cases to be successful. One thing is certain, remote working is here to stay. Important to consider when investing in energy management systems and deploying them across businesses is whether or not they enable remote access. Having the same visibility off-site is essential for a business looking to continue controlling overheads impacting the bottom-line and ensuring business operations are maximum efficiency. Using the AEMS tool, the user can implement manageable energy targets and monitor the results by comparing whether energy expenditure or productivity improves, from anywhere they are. Time is just as limited working remotely so AEMS automatically processes data so it’s immediately available for review – meaning the focus can stay on managing business operations rather than collecting and analysing energy data. Renewable energy – Implementing renewable energy is a vital way of reducing carbon emissions and ensuring there is a secure supply of energy in the local community. Deployment of renewable energy can increase investment in the local economy, increase jobs, provide energy security, and guarantee carbon savings. Local authorities can identify areas suitable for renewable energy, such as wind farms, in the local plan. The demand for renewable energy, such as solar panels and heat pumps, can also be communicated within the local authority private sector developments. A rapid increase in electric cars and vans in rural and urban areas will help substantially reduce carbon emissions. But alone they are not enough. A huge increase in the use of public transport, cycling, and walking routes are required in order to meet emissions targets. In rural areas, there needs to be around a 40% increase in journeys made by these modes, whereas in urban areas around 70-90% (Government Business). The demand for cycling and walking routes has also been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the Integrated Carbon Observation System Report, London carbon emissions fell to 59% during the lockdown, with fewer car journeys as a major reason for the drop in emissions (ICOS 2020). Scientists from the study suggest it is critical that these low-carbon behaviors are adopted post-pandemic. In order to build back better and maintain this low-carbon behaviour, local bodies should direct investment towards initiatives that reduce car journeys, such as better cycling and walking routes. Integrate public transport, cycling, and walking routes – Ensure that quality walking and cycling paths are built and well maintained to encourage community uptake and reduce cars on the road. Another incentive could be to offer car-sharers cheaper car parking spots, which will help have a positive impact on air pollution and reduce road congestion. Co-ordinating partnerships Collectively local authorities are taking action to reduce carbon emissions and work with partners to tackle climate change in their areas. Working in partnership with other organisations may be fundamental to developing the most appropriate action that will work locally. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has made partnerships even more vital. Local bodies that have long term partnerships are better at cross-coordination and communication enabling them to rapidly respond to unprecedented events. Partnering with energy solutions providers – Local authority officers are choosing to partner with energy solution companies in order to manage and reduce costs, reach sustainability goals, and more importantly see a return on investment. There are different solutions available that help to manage energy usage and prompt behaviour change that will result in the efficient use of resourcesFind out more. Reduce waste Promote a circular economy – One way to reduce waste in the local community is to adopt circular economy waste policies – for example in waste management plans and contracts, advocating community sharing, and recycling schemes. Implement recycling schemes – It is necessary that green infrastructure is in place, to provide local communities with as many recycling services as possible. Waste contractors must also account for future climate change which may impact the design and management of waste sites. Buildings and infrastructure Two-thirds of housing in England and Wales is said to be poorly insulated which could impact net-zero targets being met if they aren’t properly insulated by 2030 (Government Business) Redesigning housing – To ensure the future impacts of climate change are accounted for, the design and location of any new building or infrastructure needs to be resilient. This may include taking water conservation measures, including heating/cooling and ventilation equipment, and putting sustainable drainage systems in place. Modify council-owned properties – Although deemed more expensive, modifying existing council-owned properties such as social housing and schools should be implemented where possible. This may include reducing the amount of gas-fired heating in homes and fitting eco-heating such as installing heat pumps.
Yom Kippur, the Parah Adumah and the Breaking of the Luchos וַיְדַבֵּר ה' אֶל מֹשֶׁה אַחֲרֵי מוֹת שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן... בְּזֹאת יָבֹא אַהֲרֹן אֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ Hashem spoke to Moshe after the death of the two sons of Aharon… With this shall Aharon come into the Sanctuary (16:1-3) Three Statements of Chazal regarding the Death of Tzaddikim The Yerushalmi in Maseches Yoma[1] records three statements regarding the passing of tzaddikim, the first of which is based in our pasuk: 1. Commenting on the Torah’s juxtaposition of the mention of the death of Aharon’s sons and the avodah of Yom Kippur, the Yerushalmi states that just as Yom Kippur atones, so, too, the death of tzaddikim atones. 2. In a similar vein, the juxtaposition of the Torah’s account of the death of Miriam to its presentation of the laws of the Parah Adumah[2] teaches that just as the ashes of Parah Adumah effect atonement for Israel, so, too, the death of tzaddikim effects atonement for Israel. 3. Finally, the Yerushalmi notes the juxtaposition of the Torah’s account of the death of Aharon with it mentioning the breaking of the luchos,[3] commenting: This is to teach you that the death of tzaddikim is as difficult before Hashem as the breaking of the luchos. What is the meaning behind these three statements regarding the passing of tzaddikim, the first two of which seem essentially the same? A Time of Divine Favor The Meshech Chochmah explains that each of these statements reflects a distinct element that may pertain to the passing of a tzaddik. The first element can be found in Yom Kippur. The special quality of Yom Kippur is that it is an עת רצון, a time of Divine favor, during which Hashem is particularly well disposed toward granting the Jewish People atonement. So too, when a tzaddik passes away, Hashem rejoices over the return of a pure soul having completed its mission on earth. As such, it is also an עת רצון when atonement can be more easily fulfilled, just as on Yom Kippur. There is a proviso, however. Yom Kippur only effects atonement for a person who approaches the day with due reverence, not someone who relates to it flippantly.[4] Likewise, the passing of a tzaddik only signifies an עת רצון for someone who reveres the tzaddik, while one who has no such reverence cannot partake of the עת רצון that exists upon his passing. Reflection and Introspection A second quality that accompanies the passing of a tzaddik is in the area of reflection and spiritual stock-taking. The procedure of sprinkling the Parah Adumah ashes is administered to someone who has come into close contact with a dead body. This encounter engenders within a person a consciousness of his mortality, which should lead him to take stock of the way he is leading his life. Likewise, when a tzaddik passes away, it is time for all to reflect on their own lives, for even someone as righteous as the departed was unable to escape death.[5] Additionally, the tzaddik may have exerted protective merit on those around him while he was alive, as well as praying for their wellbeing. In the absence of this merit, people will be roused to attain more merits by virtue of their own actions.[6] Removing a Source of Indictment A third element of atonement within the passing of a tzaddik relates not so much to what happens when he passes away, but to what would have happened had he remained in this world. There are times when a person’s status and that of his actions is assessed relative to others in his environs. Thus, we find, for example, Noach is referred to as a “perfect tzaddik in his generations,”[7] which Chazal[8] explain to mean relative to the wicked people in his time, while had he lived in Avraham’s generation he would not have been considered a tzaddik. Conversely, we find that the woman of the household where Eliyahu enjoyed hospitality complained to him “You have come here to recall my wrongdoing!”[9] Meaning, that before Eliyahu came she was considered righteous, but now, in his elevated presence, she was considered relatively lacking in merit.[10] Therefore, if there is a tzaddik whose conduct – and exhortations – are ignored by those around him, his presence serves to indict their actions. Since Hashem wishes to see His people exonerated, He removes the tzaddik from their midst, so that the only people to whom they can be compared are the nations of the world, relative to whom they can now be assessed as tzaddikim. In this regard, the Meshech Chochmah cites the comment of the Sifrei[11] on the pasuk in Devarim[12] “You contended with him at Mei Merivah” – You arranged a pretext for him. Since Aharon’s[13] level was so far above that of the new generation that had been born in the wilderness, his presence was an indictment of them and hence, Hashem “conspired” to arrange trying circumstances at Mei Merivah such as would justify him leaving the world. This concept finds a parallel in Moshe breaking the luchos. Chazal[14] explain that the luchos represented the sealing of our relationship with Hashem which is compared to that of husband and wife. Having made the Golden Calf, the worship of which is tantamount to “adultery” in our marriage with Hashem, that relationship would serve only to condemn us all the more. Hence, Moshe chose to break the luchos, thereby removing that aspect of the relationship and sparing us that further level of condemnation. Thus, the Yerushalmi states that the passing of a tzaddik is like the breaking of the luchos, as in this respect, it achieves the same goal. The Yom Kippur Service During the Forty Years in the Wilderness דַּבֵּר אֶל אַהֲרֹן אָחִיךָ וְאַל יָבֹא בְכָל עֵת אֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ... בְּזֹאת יָבֹא אַהֲרֹן אֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ Speak to Aharon, your brother, he shall not come at all times into the Sanctuary… With this shall Aharon come into the Sanctuary (16:2-3) The opening section of our parsha details the special order of avodah that takes place on Yom Kippur. Commenting on the words in our pasuk that that Aharon is not allowed to enter the Kodesh Hakodashim (Holy of Holies) at all times, the Midrash states:[15] “Said Rav Yudan bar Simon, Moshe suffered great distress when he was told concerning Aharon “he shall not enter the Kodesh [HaKodashim] at all times”. A “time” (עת) might mean an hour, a day, a year, twelve years, seventy years, forever! Said Hashem to Moshe, ‘It is not as you think … rather, whenever he wants he may enter, provided he enters with the following order (of korbanos). This statement is most astonishing. The Torah explicitly concludes this chapter[16] by stating that the order of korbanos described therein is for one day in the year only – Yom Kippur! How, then, can the Midrash say that it was applicable on any other day of the year that Aharon desired to enter the Kodesh Hakodashim? Life in the Midbar and Life after the Midbar The Vilna Gaon[17] explains that the Midrash’s statement refers to Aharon specifically, form it is only with regards to his descendants that this avodah is restricted to Yom Kippur. Indeed, it is for this very reason the Torah mentions Yom Kippur specifically at the end of the section, where it states: “וְהָיְתָה זֹּאת לָכֶם לְחֻקַּת עוֹלָם לְכַפֵּר עַל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל... אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה – This shall be for you an eternal decree, to atone for the children of Israel… once a year.” As if to say: Whereas for Aharon, this order of avodah is relevant on any day of the year, for future generations (חֻקַּת עוֹלָם) it will apply only once a year.[18] “For in a cloud I will appear” The Meshech Chochmah explains the unique status of the forty years in the Wilderness with respect to these korbanos by referring to a comment of the Seforno in Parshas Emor,[19] relating to the offering of the ketores and the lighting of the menorah. Although these procedures can be performed by a regular Kohen, the pesukim describing them nonetheless make specific reference to Aharon. The Seforno explains that throughout the years in the midbar, the Mishkan had the status of Yom Kippur every day. The exalted level of Yom Kippur is described in the beginning of our parsha:[20] “For in a cloud I will appear.” The pasuk at the end of Chumash Shemos[21] informs us that the Mishkan in the Wilderness had a cloud hovering over it constantly! Therefore, says the Seforno, in the same way that on Yom Kippur, all parts of the avodah are performed specifically by the Kohen Gadol, so too, on a daily basis during those forty years; therefore, the pasuk states that “Aharon” specifically should offer the ketores and light the menorah. Says the Meshech Chochmah: Since “Yom Kippur conditions” pertained in the Mishkan every day throughout those forty years, we can now understand how Aharon had the possibility of performing the avodah that would later be restricted to Yom Kippur – on any given day! Moreover, he adds, according to this analysis, it is apparent that this possibility existed not only for Aharon, but also for Elazar, his son, who was the Kohen Gadol in the Mishkan for the final eight months of Bnei Yisrael’s stay in the midbar. Taking this matter one stage further, the Meshech Chochmah proceeds to explain not only how it was possible to offer these “Yom Kippur” korbanos on other days in the midbar, but also why it was necessary. The primary effect of these korbanos is referred to in our parsha as “atoning for the sanctuary,”[22] and “atoning for the impurity of Bnei Yisrael,”[23] i.e. for korbanos offered in the Mishkan in a state of tumah.[24] According to the opinion of R’ Yishmael,[25] meat was only permitted for consumption in the midbar when the animal was brought as a korban. Hence, there were much larger numbers of people offering korbanos in the Mishkan on a regular basis, bringing with it a much greater likelihood of something being offered in a state of tumah. This made it appropriate to perform the avodah that atones for such impurity on a more regular basis than the once a year which would suffice in all subsequent generations. [1] 1:1 [2] Bamidbar perek 19-20. [3] Devarim 9:17-20. [4] See Shavuos 13a. [5] In the words of the Gemara (Moed Katan 25b): “If a flame has taken hold [even] of the cedar trees, what, then can the shrubs growing from the wall do?” [6] See Sanhedrin 37a where it recounts that there was a group of wayward individuals for whose wellbeing R’ Zeira would pray. When he passed away, they said “Who, now, will pray for us?”, and they were moved to do teshuvah. [7] Bereishis 6:9. [8] See Sanhedrin 108a. [9] Melachim I, 17:18. [10] Yalkut Shimoni to Melachim ibid. In this vein, the Gemara (Yoma 35b) states that “Hillel indicts the poor,” i.e. his efforts to learn Torah in spite of his poverty serve as a criticism for others who cite their poverty as the reason for their neglect of Torah study. [11] Devarim sec. 349. [12] 33:8. [13] [The beginning of that pasuk (“תומיך ואוריך לאיש חסידך”) refers to Aharon.] [14] Shemos Rabbah 43:1. [15] Vayikra Rabbah 21:17. [16] Pasuk 34. [17] The Meshech Chochmah cites this explanation of the Vilna Gaon in the name if the work Gevii Gevia Hakesef. See also Chochmas Adam in the section at the end of the sefer entitled Matzeivas Moshe who also cites and discusses the Vilna Gaon’s explanation. [18] In other words, the term “חוקת עולם” does not represent a continuation of present conditions for all future generations; rather, it reflects the parameters for future generation in contrast to those that pertain in the initial period of the midbar. [19] Vayikra 24:3. [20] Pasuk 2. [21] 40:38. [22] Pasuk 33. [23] Pasuk 16. [24] See Shavuos 2a-b and Zevachim 6b. [25] Chulin 17a.
The Buffalo Prairie Ecosystem The surprising role of prairie dogs Published Apr 30th 2000 in Wildlife, Prarie Dog, Llano Estacado Buffalo relied on prairie dogs. The buffalo prairie before 1884 was not a seamless carpet of grass. Prairie dogs kept it diverse by their constant disturbing of the soil. Many species of plants only grow in disturbed soil—including many spring annuals that provided rich nutritious grazing to the buffalo before the grass greened. Only on rocky ridges or in swales that filled with rainwater prairie dogs did not reside. Everywhere else prairie dogs abounded -- billions turned the soil in West Texas (with the result being as if giant earthworms were at work). In the buffalo prairie days if a person rode a horse from the Concho River to the Canadian River no more than a few miles at a time would be devoid of prairie dogs. A few years ago, at the Sibley Nature Center, we kept three young prairie dogs in captivity for a few weeks. We hoped a colony could be established. By keeping the young prairie dogs inside we hoped the rodents would lose their fear of humans. No such luck! When we released them, they left the tall grass near the building, and then traveled a quarter mile to a golf course and immediate extermination. A number of people have been keeping prairie dogs at pets, and report different results. One 4th grade girl reported that hers would follow her around, climb up onto the sofa, and appeared to be happy with its “solitary prairie dog-ness.” We would like everyone that has kept one to e-mail us at and tell us of your experiences. Keeping a prairie dog as a pet is a new phenomenon here on the Southern Llano Estacado, and we would like to know what you have experienced. Prairie dogs are ”varmints” to many country people. A rancher that supplies educational owl vomit (owl pellets) to the Sibley Center kills prairie dogs for the wintering hawks and Golden Eagles that come at the crack of his .22 rifle. His efforts protect his haygrazer field from becoming overrun by the prairie dogs, but he leaves plenty for the raptors the next season. A long time family friend, a rancher only two generations removed from the founding father, left his prairie dogs alone. His grandfather had noticed the winter annuals in the disturbed areas near the prairie dog holes, and recognized that this was a major source of protein for over-wintering stock. The only extermination of a “dog town” in Midland in recent years occurred when the young of the year ran out on a busy thoroughfare so often a car wreck resulted. There is, however, still a few good ol’ boys who think a good afternoon’s fun is drinking beer and shooting prairie dogs with high powered rifles, so there is a “splash” effect as blood sprays explosively at impact. They giggle and whoop and holler at the gore they produce. These “fellers” often do not even ask permission of the rancher, but just park on the side of the road and start blasting. Prairie dogs live in coteries that have one male, several females (one the mother of the other females), and a half dozen young. The male dominates the coterie for a while, but then moves on after his daughters reach reproductive age. Another male then replaces him for the next generation. The females almost never leave, except when population pressures exceed the carrying capacity of the coterie boundaries. Coterie boundaries remain the same for generations. Male prairie dogs do not vocalize as often as females. Males have no blood relatives nearby, but females do, and to protect their shared genetics the female becomes the wary sex, issuing staccato barks at the approach of a predator. A single clear toned bark signals all clear. Territory boundaries are proclaimed with a quick upward leap and simultaneous bark. Coterie members kiss upon meeting, gently locking incisors in recognition. When a non-coterie individual strays into foreign territory a kicking and biting wrestling match results after belly-creeping and anus-sniffing. Coterie often play-wrestle, and in the process reinforce the politics of dominance. Prairie dogs will eat all of the above ground parts of plants, but rarely graze a plant into the ground. Insects are occasionally eaten. When a coterie member dies it is usually walled off underground, but at times is eaten, for reasons unknown. In the spring a prairie dog only weighs a pound and a half, but by fall weighs three pounds. They do not hibernate here on the southern Llano Estacado. During long cold spells they remain underground. The burrows can be twelve to twenty feet deep and extend a hundred feet in length. Most have two entrances, one higher than the other to ensure good air circulation. The relative humidity and temperature are almost constant within the burrow. Dead end tunnels are excretory areas, and various chambers serve for resting, food storage and nurseries. The lower entrance drops straight down to a turn-around room three to five feet down. The high mound is carefully constructed from rain-wet soil carefully packed with the animal’s nose. The sun then bakes it as hard as pottery. I once ran water into a prairie dog hole. It never filled up, even after two hours of a inch hose running full blast. Ground squirrel holes fill with water in five minutes. We set box traps to supply the Sibley experiment. In one town no prairie dog ever entered the trap, even baited with apples and lettuce. At another, less human disturbed dog town, dried potatoes lured them repeatedly. Most of the remaining prairie dog towns are on the slopes of playas. Is it because the forage stays greener longer? How did the survivors of the government sponsored eradication programs of the early twentieth century find the playas? How far will prairie dogs travel to find suitable habitat? (A few have been found wandering the alleys of suburbia, at least three miles from the nearest dogtown.) Have prairie dogs changed their ways? Playa prairie dog towns seem to remain the same size. Is it because playas are almost the only open grassland? The family friend’s ranch had very little mesquite in the area of the dog towns- their grazing prevents mesquite from growing after it germinates. With the increase of brush and more species of rodents does the cyclic occurrence of bubonic plague keep the prairie dog populations from expanding to historical levels? When I try to envision the long ago buffalo prairie I am helped in my endeavors by Burrowing Owls, familiars of the prairie dog. The dog owls are insectivores, fond of grasshoppers and the beetles that eat the dung of grazing animals. Ground owls catch a few small mice, but a prairie dog young on its first visit above ground is too large an adversary. The prairie dog feared the now locally extirpated black-footed ferrets much more. I like to think the Owl’s crepuscular behavior is a response to the prairie dog’s ceaseless diurnal busyness and raucous community gossip. Burrowing owls are clowns. If defending food, they curtsy. Before flying, they chatter—kack-kack-kack-kack. When peaceful they coo like doves. If flightless young are approached they back into the burrow, imitating rattlesnakes with clacking noises. Upon emergence they slowly reveal the top of their head, then their yellow eyes. To discourage mammalian predators the adult owls collect animal dung to flagstone the entrance. A number of Burrowing Owls have learned that streetlights and lights at sport field attract moths and beetles, where they circle like bats snatching an easy meal. Their insectivorous habits are indicated physiologically by the leading primary feather not having a saw-toothed edge like other owls. Most insects cannot hear, so ultra silent wings are not needed. For the same reason do Burrowing Owls molt tail feathers in the opposite fashion from other owls—from center feathers out? Do burrowing owls maneuver less or more adroitly than other owls? Burrowing owls have less of a facial disc than other owls, indicating they hunt by sight instead of sound. Male ground owls spend the winter, while females and young migrate. The males prepare the nest for the soon to be incubating females. The many owls of a prairie dog town share one hunting territory. Other owl species assiduously protect individual realms. To me the dog owls are like the clowns of Pueblo ritual, met unexpectedly, behaving surprisingly. Zuni Indians considered them the underground guardians of the seed of prairie plants. Plains Indians used them as guides to buffalo, symbols of good luck that pointed the way before a hunt. The link between Prairie dogs and Burrowing Owls is mythological, part of the soul of a Llanero, a child of the Llano Estacado. Prairie Dogs and Burrowing Owls enrich the soul.
It very strange for me. It must be a vision to have $ 200 billion and continue to work, while there is very little in the world with $ 10 billion that it cannot have. eisenhower was born david dwight eisenhower, and raised in abilene, kansas, in a large family of mostly pennsylvania dutch ancestry. his family had a strong religious background. his mother became a jehovah's witness. eisenhower, however, did not belong to any organized church until 1952. he graduated from west point in 1915 and later married mamie doud, with whom he had two sons. during world war i, he was denied a request to serve in europe and instead commanded a unit that trained tank crews. following the war, he served under various generals and was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 1941. after the united states entered world war ii, eisenhower oversaw the invasions of north africa and sicily before supervising the invasions of france and germany. after the war, he served as army chief of staff (1945–1948), as president of columbia university (1948–1953) and as the first supreme commander of nato (1951–1952). in 1952, eisenhower entered the presidential race as a republican to block the isolationist foreign policies of senator robert a. taft; taft opposed nato and wanted no foreign entanglements. eisenhower won that election and the 1956 election in landslides, both times defeating adlai stevenson ii. eisenhower's main goals in office were to contain the spread of communism and reduce federal deficits. in 1953, he threatened to use nuclear weapons until china agreed to peace terms in the korean war.[disputed – discuss] china did agree and an armistice resulted which remains in effect. his new look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for expensive army divisions. he continued harry s. truman's policy of recognizing taiwan as the legitimate government of china, and he won congressional approval of the formosa resolution. his administration provided major aid to help the french fight off vietnamese communists in the first indochina war. after the french left, he gave strong financial support to the new state of south vietnam. he supported regime-changing military coups in iran and guatemala orchestrated by his own administration. during the suez crisis of 1956, he condemned the israeli, british, and french invasion of egypt, and he forced them to withdraw. he also condemned the soviet invasion during the hungarian revolution of 1956 but took no action. after the soviet union launched sputnik in 1957, eisenhower authorized the establishment of nasa, which led to the space race. he deployed 15,000 soldiers during the 1958 lebanon crisis. near the end of his term, he failed to set up a summit meeting with the soviets when a u.s. spy plane was shot down over the soviet union. he approved the bay of pigs invasion, which was left to john f. kennedy to carry out. Born in Philadelphia and partly raised in Italy, Bryant was recognized as the top high-school basketball player in the U.S. while at Lower Merion High School in Pennsylvania. The son of former NBA player Joe Bryant, he declared for the 1996 NBA draft after graduation, and was selected by the Charlotte Hornets with the 13th overall pick; the Hornets then traded him to the Lakers. As a rookie, Bryant earned a reputation as a high-flyer and a fan favorite by winning the 1997 Slam Dunk Contest, and he was named an All-Star by his second season. Despite a feud with teammate Shaquille O'Neal, the pair led the Lakers to three consecutive NBA championships from 2000 to 2002. In 2003, Bryant was charged with sexual assault following an accusation by a young female hotel clerk. The criminal charges were dropped after the accuser refused to testify, and a lawsuit was settled out of court. Bryant issued a public apology and admitted to a sexual encounter but denied the assault allegation and said it was consensual. Bryant died at age 41, along with his 13-year-old daughter Gianna and seven others, in a helicopter crash in Calabasas, California in 2020.[9] A number of tributes and memorials were subsequently issued, including renaming the All-Star Game MVP Award in his honor. source : wikipedia Foreign Trade is about the flow of goods and capital across national borders. In terms of the delivery of foreign trade transactions, it takes place in two ways, namely import and export. Exports have an important place in the development of the country's economy. a normal drawn animes from japanese art but netflix make this real and animes transform to shrek a desert forest full of deciduous trees. the air must be closed. Even while I was describing I was saddened. The black hole is called the black hole because even the light cannot be released, the space is so dense that the particles with the fastest movement cannot escape. According to the German physicist Schwarzschild, mass can be compressed to an infinitesimally small point, causing space-time bending, so nothing, even massless light photons, can escape from this bending. (schwarzschild metric) Theoretically, all masses have a schwarzschild radius that can be calculated. If the mass of the sun were compressed to an infinitesimal point, it would probably form a black hole with a radius of just under 3 kilometers. We are trying to explain the answer to the question of what will happen if he sees the pictures I am talking to, but the words are inadequate, we need to develop a formula for the other to understand. I compare it to voting. You know when you're voting, it doesn't seem to have much meaning on its own, it makes sense when it comes together. You can find the answer to the question what happens here, this data as if it is not a single thing. but collectively something very important. You cannot elect the power you want with one vote on your own, you experience the results of other people's elections and the results directly affect your life. heh, these data are the same. the results will directly affect your life. This is a social issue, you should not think as an individual and you should inform as many people as possible and explain that the situation is as important as voting. You should even explain that voting and giving this data are almost the same thing, everyone should know ... a game creator company. “ea games” opening is “electronic art games”. popular from making so much dlc. u can call “dlc games”. has a game platform be like steam, platform name is “origins”. substance with chemical formula c10h12n2o. To increase this naturally, you should eat: chocolate, milk protein (tryptophan), vitamin B12 (salmon fish, egg, yogurt, meat, oat etc.), vitamin D (sun light, enriched milk or soy milk, egg yolk, fish bone, etc.) After going with someone who knows the business, I started to pay close attention both here and in mcdonalds. As soon as the cashier puts it on the tray, I check the temperature of the potato. I change it in the hot enough although it is not my temperament The paper on which the hamburger is wrapped says how long it should be consumed. If it has passed, I am giving it back. Finally, since no one is looking into the hamburger, they fill the rotten lettuce, and I change that. The bad part is that it always comes to me. They don't even pay attention because the consumer is like a lamb. I hope that if the number of conscious consumers increases due to this input, they will pay more attention to the product they give. the additive I use in certain dishes. No proven harm occurring in normal use. However, there is a point to be careful about using Do not throw lots of food to add flavor. Just as salt increases the aroma when added to a meal, but if you use it too much, the food becomes inedible, so the same is true. en best, add a small amount and increase the taste of the meal. Also, I think msg alone does not do anything. You have to combine it with salt and other spices. The food I use is eggs, rice, rice and chicken. Especially when frying chicken with my own spice mixture, it becomes a very nice addition.
11-14 year olds Young people aged 11-14 are likely to be completely independent in their internet and technology use and may play online games on a daily basis. This increased independence, can for some young people, come before they are emotionally capable of managing their time online and the emotions or behaviours which it can bring. The challenge with online games is that they offer players a unique opportunity to act out in ways that wouldn't always be acceptable or achievable in the real world. Players can take on alternate personalities or characters and work together in teams to explore the virtual gaming world. When it comes to supporting young people aged 11-14 with online gaming, we need to empower them to make choices which are right for them and ensure they have the strategies for managing their own time and online interactions safely and responsibly. How often are young people aged 11-14 playing online games? OFCOM, the UK regulator for communications services, publishes an annual review into the media use and attitudes of children and parents which looks into the general understanding of children aged 5-15. In 2018 their report found that: 6 top tips for supporting young people aged 11-14 online 1. Read reviews and be aware of the risks - Before a young person downloads a new game, try to check the ratings within the app store first to be aware of any potential risks. You can read full reviews on Common Sense Media which offers advice on what to expect within a game and key advice for parents and carers. You can also find out more about PEGI age ratings and content descriptors by visiting Ask About Games 2. Establish and support with realistic boundaries - Young people need support with managing their time online and striking a balance between online and offline activities. Whilst gaming can be a great way to relax, have fun and engage with others it can also be a distraction from the real world. Most games have been specifically designed to 'hook' a user in and keep them playing. This is often done by allowing a user to win or succeed on the basis they stay within the game for an extended period of time in order to achieve this. Try to set time limits which work with the game so young people can enjoy them without fear of losing points. 3. Encourage safe choices - Make sure young people know not to share their personal information or anyone else's when playing online games. This includes whilst chatting within a game, creating profiles or sharing pictures. Encourage them to talk, and to ask for help if someone is pressuring them to share personal information or if they ask to meet up in real life. You can report any concerns you have that someone is behaving inappropriately towards a young person online to CEOP. 4. Explore reporting and blocking features together - Most games will have reporting and blocking tools which a young person can use if anything worries or upsets them within a game. Explore these buttons together and encourage young people to use them and always give as much information and context when filling in a report. 5. Take control of in-app purchases - Most games now have in-app purchases which allow players to spend real or in-game money on things like extra lives or tools to complete a tricky level. These purchases need to be carefully managed or a young person could quickly end up spending more money than they had intended to. Find out how to turn off or restrict in-app purchases through The App Store, Google Play or Windows Store. 6. Be supportive and keep an open dialogue - As a family discuss how playing games online can make you feel. Discuss how you know you have been online for too long, considering physical, emotional and device-level factors, e.g. headaches, feeling grumpy, or device batteries running low. It's important that young people know who they can turn to for support, whether this is a trusted adult at home or school, or even contacting a helpline. Visit our 'Need help?' page for young people for further advice, support and suggested helplines. Conversation starter ideas A simple and effective way to support your child with online gaming is through discussion. An open dialogue is the best way to help your child access the amazing games the internet has to offer whilst keeping them safe at the same time. 1. What do you enjoy about online gaming? What benefits does it have for you? 2. Do you think online gaming can ever have a negative impact on us? 3. What happens when you’ve been playing a game for too long? (To your body? To your mood? To your device?) 4. What would you do if something ever worried or annoyed you within a game? How would you support others? 5. Who could you talk to if you were worried about anything within an online game?
Resistor FAQs: Q: Is a resistor a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors usually coated with nickel chromium? A: Yes, but might be coated with any of the cermet materials listed above for thin film resistors. Q: Are resistors manufactured using screen and stencil printing processes? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors usually specified with tolerances of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, or 1%, and with temperature coefficients of 5 to 25 ppm/K? A: Yes, They also have much lower noise levels, on the level of 10–100 times less than thick film resistors. Q: Are resistors used in applications requiring high pulse stability? A: Yes. Q: Is a resistor protected with paint or plastic? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors often used for their better noise characteristics? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors designed to withstand unusually high temperatures of up to 450 °C? A: Yes, Wire leads in low power wirewound resistors are usually between 0.6 and 0.8 mm in diameter and tinned for ease of soldering. Q: Are resistors physically larger and may not use the preferred values? A: Yes, and color codes, and external packages described below. Q: Are resistors made of metal oxides which results in a higher operating temperature and greater stability/reliability than Metal film? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors similar to those of composition resistors with the exception of the high frequency? A: Yes. Q: Were resistors commonly used in the 1960s and earlier? A: Yes, but are not popular for general use now as other types have better specifications, such as tolerance, voltage dependence, and stress. Q: Are resistors extremely low? A: Yes, and has been further improved over the years. Q: Are resistors manufactured in values from a few milliohms to about a gigaohm in IEC60063 ranges appropriate for their tolerance? A: Yes. Q: Is a resistor a special alloy foil several micrometers thick? A: Yes. Q: Is a resistor specified by its resistance: common commercial resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine orders of magnitude? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors a few hundred volts? A: Yes, and this is a problem only in applications where these voltages are encountered. Q: Are resistors sold into automotive? A: Yes, and industrial, and military applications. Q: Are resistors also implemented within integrated circuits? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors coils they have more undesirable inductance than other types of resistor? A: Yes, although winding the wire in sections with alternately reversed direction can minimize inductance. Q: Are resistors also characterized according to its form factor? A: Yes, that is, the size of the device and the position of its leads which is relevant in the practical manufacturing of circuits using them. Q: Is a resistor increased? A: Yes, as the independently fluctuating resistances of smaller components tend to average out. Q: Is a resistor made of a stack of carbon disks compressed between two metal contact plates? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors too small? A: Yes, and physically, to permit practical markings to be applied. Q: Are resistors substantially worse than that of a composition resistor? A: Yes. Q: Were resistors made in more or less arbitrary round numbers? A: Yes, a series might have 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, etc. Q: Are resistors commonly made by winding a metal wire? A: Yes, and usually nichrome, around a ceramic, plastic, or fiberglass core. Q: Are resistors used? A: Yes, Resistors are not only specified with a maximum power dissipation, but also for a maximum voltage drop. Q: Is a resistor sometimes used to describe a resistor of any type connected to the control grid of a vacuum tube? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors still available? A: Yes, but comparatively quite costly. Q: Is a resistor a large convection-cooled lattice of stamped metal alloy strips connected in rows between two electrodes? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors rated according to their maximum power dissipation? A: Yes. Q: Was a resistor painted for color-coding of its value? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors marked with a four-digit code? A: Yes, and in which the first three digits are the significant figures and the fourth is the power of ten. Q: Are resistors non-inductive that provide benefit when used in voltage pulse reduction and surge protection applications? A: Yes. Q: Is a resistor bonded with adhesive to an object that is subjected to mechanical strain? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors no longer used in most applications? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors used to reduce current flow? A: Yes, and adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses. Q: Are resistors specified and manufactured over a very large range of values? A: Yes, and the derived units of milliohm , kilohm , and megohm are also in common usage. Q: Are resistors used when an adjustable load is required? A: Yes, for example in testing automotive batteries or radio transmitters. Q: Is a resistor proportional to the current , where the constant of proportionality is the resistance? Q: Is a resistor more than its power rating, damage to the resistor may occur, permanently altering its resistance? A: Yes, this is distinct from the reversible change in resistance due to its temperature coefficient when it warms. Q: Are resistors sometimes described as "cement" resistors? A: Yes, though they do not actually contain any traditional cement. Q: Are resistors usually far more expensive than thick film resistors? A: Yes. Q: Is a resistor observed only when current flows through it? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in electronic equipment? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors made by sputtering the resistive material onto an insulating substrate? A: Yes. Q: Are resistors marked numerically, if they are big enough to permit marking? A: Yes, more-recent small sizes are impractical to mark. Q: Are resistors also specified as having a maximum power rating which must exceed the anticipated power dissipation of that resistor in a particular circuit: this is mainly of concern in power electronics applications? A: Yes.
What would it take to make a unicorn? If unicorns evolved or people created them, they could be like the unruly ones in Onward Unicorns are often depicted as white horses with heads that have sprouted a single spiraling horn. Unicorns aren’t real, of course, but scientists have some ideas about how they might become so. Warpaintcobra/iStock/Getty Images Plus The unicorns in the new movie Onward may look like the beauties that adorn fanciful clothing and school supplies. But don’t be fooled by their silvery white color and shimmery horns. These gussied-up ponies act like dumpster-diving raccoons while snarling at residents. They roam the streets of Mushroomton, a town populated by magical creatures. The unicorns popular today typically aren’t garbage-eating pests. But they often have a similar look: white horses with heads that have sprouted a single spiraling horn. While everyone knows that these unicorns are just a flight of fancy, is there any chance they could ever exist? The short answer: It’s highly unlikely. But scientists have ideas about how these animals could become real. A bigger question, though, is whether it would be a good idea to make one. The long road to a unicorn A unicorn doesn’t look that much different from a white horse. And getting a white horse is pretty easy. One mutation on a single gene turns an animal into an albino. These animals don’t make the pigment melanin. Albino horses have white bodies and manes and light eyes. But this mutation can also mess with other processes inside the body. In some animals, it can lead to poor vision or even blindness. So unicorns that evolved from albino horses might not be all that healthy. albino horse Maybe unicorns could evolve from albino horses. These animals lack the pigment melanin. That leaves them with white bodies and light eyes. Zuzule/iStock/Getty Images Plus A horn or rainbow coloring are more complex traits. They tend to involve more than one gene. “We can’t say ‘we are going to change this gene and now we’re going to have a horn,’” says Alisa Vershinina. She studies the DNA of ancient horses at the University of California, Santa Cruz. If any of these traits were to evolve, they would need to give a unicorn some advantage that helps it survive or reproduce. A horn, for instance, might help a unicorn defend itself against predators. Colorful features might help a male unicorn attract a mate. That’s why many birds have bright and bold colors. “Maybe horses would be able develop these crazy colors … that would favor boys that are very beautiful pink and purple,” Vershinina says. But none of this would happen fast because horses (and the resulting unicorns) have relatively long lifespans and reproduce slowly. Evolution “doesn’t work in a snap,” Vershinina notes. Insects generally have short generation times, so they can evolve body parts quickly. Some beetles have horns that they use for defense. A beetle might be able to evolve such a horn in 20 years, Vershinina says. But even if it were possible for a horse to evolve into a unicorn, that “would take more than a hundred years, probably, if not a thousand,” she says. Fast-tracking a unicorn Perhaps instead of waiting for evolution to make a unicorn, people could engineer them. Scientists might use the tools of bioengineering to cobble together the traits of a unicorn from other creatures. Paul Knoepfler is a biologist and stem-cell researcher at the University of California, Davis. He and his daughter Julie wrote a book, How to Build a Dragon or Die Trying. In it, they ponder how modern techniques could be used to build mythical creatures, including unicorns. To transform a horse into a unicorn, you could try adding a horn from a related animal, Paul Knoepfler says. A narwhal’s tusk looks like a unicorn horn, but it’s actually a tooth that grows in a long straight spiral. It grows through a narwhal’s upper lip. That might make it tricky to successfully put one on a horse’s head, says Paul Knoepfler. It’s not clear how a horse could grow something similar, he says. If it could, it might get infected or damage the animal’s brain.dottedhippo/iStock/Getty Images Plus One approach would be to use CRISPR. This gene-editing tool lets scientists tweak an organism’s DNA. Researchers have found certain genes that are turned off or on when animals are growing their horns. So in a horse, “you might be able to … add a few different genes that would result in a horn sprouting on their head,” he says. It would take some work to figure out which genes are the best to edit, Knoepfler notes. And then there are challenges to making the horn grow properly. Also, CRISPR itself isn’t perfect. If CRISPR creates the wrong mutation, this could give the horse an unwanted trait. Maybe “instead of the horn off the top of its head, there’s a tail growing there,” he says. A change that drastic, though, would be pretty unlikely. A different approach would be to create an animal that contains DNA from several species. You might start with a horse embryo, Knoepfler says. As it develops, “you might be able to transplant some tissue from an antelope or some animal that naturally has a horn.” But there’s a risk that the horse’s immune system might reject the other animal’s tissue. With all these methods, “there’s a lot of things that could go wrong,” Knoepfler notes. Still, he says, making a unicorn seems almost realistic compared with creating a dragon. And for any approach, you’d need a team of researchers, plus veterinarians and reproductive experts. Such a project would take years, he notes. The ethics of making a unicorn If scientists succeed in giving a horse a horn, it might not be good for the animal. Vershinina questions whether a horse’s body could support a long horn. A horn might make it harder for a horse to eat. Horses haven’t evolved to deal with a horn’s weight as some other animals have. “Rhinos have this awesome horn on their head. But they also have a massive head and they can eat with it,” she notes. “This is because this horn evolved as a part of the body.” There are many other potential problems. Lab-grown unicorns would never have existed as part of an ecosystem. If they entered the wild, we have no clue what would happen and how they would interact with other species, Knoepfler says. rainbow unicorn Cartoon unicorns sometimes sport vivid rainbow manes. “To have something like a rainbow, it’s got to take tons of genes interacting in a very interesting way,” Alisa Vershinina says.ddraw/iStock/Getty Images Plus Also, huge ethical questions surround the possibility of modifying animals or creating something like a new species. The purpose for creating these unicorns would matter, argues Knoepfler. “We’d want these new creatures to have happy lives and not suffer,” he says. That might not happen if they were being bred like circus animals just to make money. Vershinina has considered the ethics of trying to recreate creatures, such as mammoths, that don’t exist anymore. One question that would apply to unicorns and mammoths alike is how such an animal might survive in an environment to which it’s not adapted. “Are we going to be solely responsible for keeping it alive and feeding it?” she asks. Is it OK to make just one, or does a unicorn need others of its kind? And what happens if the process isn’t successful — will those creatures suffer? Ultimately, “who are we on this planet to play this role?” she asks. And what if unicorns aren’t the sparkly, happy creatures of our fantasies? “What if we did all this work and we have these beautiful perfect unicorns with rainbow manes and these perfect horns, but they’re very grumpy?” Knoepfler asks. They could be destructive, he says. They might even turn out to pests, like the ones in Onward. More Stories from Science News for Students on Genetics
Skip to: Income And Educational Outcomes I have a question: What about the effects of Capitalism on the institution of education? Most people have not even begun to make the correlation. Look, I am not posting on the blog to pitch my book or anything, but there is an excerpt in it which offers clarification on the data listed above. Please don't forget that a person ascends into a selected laboring class based on his or her level of education. In an effort to clarify, I will post an excerpt: Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for a private profit; decisions regarding supply, demand, price, distribution, and investments are made by private actors in the free market; profit is sent to owners who invest in businesses, and wages are paid to workers employed by businesses and companies. By now I know that the readers of this book are wondering what all of this has to do with education. Why are owners and laborers important to the issue of educating our children? I felt it important to establish a foundation of capitalism. I just want everyone to understand that people in society are most likely going to be members of the working or laboring class. Most people don’t own large resources of capital. The majority of Americans have worked for most of their lives until they are of retirement age. During people’s productive years, they have probably established some type of long term savings account. Hopefully it is enough money or capital to live on once retirement has occurred. Most people try and use their resources wisely. I want to emphasize that in order for these conditions to occur, an individual needed to acquire a job that paid a decent salary. Most of these jobs required specific skills sets; therefore, additional training after high school is necessary. Most of the additional training is acquired from a college, university or vocational school. . Therefore, the level of education that a person receives in a capitalist society determines the wealth that an individual can accrue despite the fact that the individual is not an owner or industrialist in a capitalist system. It has been a well known fact that most folks try to attain a white collar job in America. It is the main reason why so many people are trying to attend a four year university.
City of cartons children crafts made of cardboard and paper-1 Kids crafts from cardboard and paper - City of cardboard boxes What You Need: 1. Cartons, technical paper 2. scissors, markers What You Do: 1. Discuss the general form 2. On a large sheet of paper, draw the road 3. The cases draw at home
Resources Database Page history last edited by Dorai Thodla 13 years, 2 months ago Resources Database Describes both physical and virtual resources. Consists of: 1. Resources Table 1. Create the table. 2. Create indexes 3. Add/Delete/Change Form - Create a form 4. Enter at least 10 meaningful (not aaa, bbb etc.) records in the table 5. View Form - View the list of records as a list (in a table) 6. When a user clicks on one of the records in the list, they can see the details and change or delete them. Try to reuse the ADC Form. Repeat steps 1-6 for each table given below. 1. Physical Resources Table 2. Web Resources Table 3. Tags Table Comments (0) You don't have permission to comment on this page.
What is Subluxation Degeneration? Subluxation degeneration is how the body responds to improperly functioning spinal joints. With early detection, appropriate chiropractic care has been shown to slow, stop, or even reverse the early stages of this process. Ask your doctor to design a program of preventive care for you. Regardless of age, when spinal damage goes uncorrected, the body deposits calcium on the surface of adjacent bones that aren’t moving properly. If neglected long enough, this splinting effect can result in complete fusion. This worsening process is called Subluxation Degeneration and can occur throughout the spine. Researchers recognize several phases of spinal decay. Normal Cervical Spine Normal curves and proper disc spacing allow normal function of the spine and nervous system. Like the mineral deposits in a cave, if given enough time adjacent spinal bones can fuse together. Phase One Cervical Spine Loss of normal curves and nervous system dysfunction result from uncorrected spinal trauma. Usually seen as the misalignment and malfunction of the spine. Normal spinal motion, curves, and disc spacing are altered. Because the body is so adaptable, this early phase can exist without the warning of pain or other symptoms. If left uncorrected, the degeneration continues. Phase Two Cervical Spine Bone spurs and abnormal bony growths distort the shape and function of the vertebrae. Recognized on X-ray views of the spine by visible bone spurs and rough edges of the vertebrae. Soft tissues, such as discs and ligaments degenerate from the lack of normal joint movement. Again, pain or other symptoms may not be present. Phase Three Cervical Spine After years of neglect, the improperly functioning spinal joints often fuse together. A lifetime of neglect may cause the eventual fusion of the malfunctioning joints. Atrophy, permanent nerve damage, and soft tissue degeneration are prevalent. Reduced mobility and impaired nervous system function can diminish one’s quality of life. Subluxation Degeneration is a process. Motion is the key to joint flexibility. Regular chiropractic care promotes proper joint function and mobility. Chiropractors are experts in the care of the bones, nerves, muscles and connective tissues that make up about 60% of your body. All of the joints in your body are part of this musculo-skeletal system and its optimal function is necessary for overall good health. Ask your Doctor of Chiropractic for more information about a care program that may include specific spinal adjustments, exercise recommendations, nutritional advice or other conservative methods of care based on your health history, age, current condition and lifestyle. Cailliet, R., M.D., Neck and Arm Pain, F. A. Davis Company, 1977. Cyriax, J., M.D., Textbook of Orthopedic Medicine: Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Lesions, 11th edition, Vol. 1, Bailliere, Tyndall, 1984. Haldeman, S., D.C., M.D., Modern Development in the Principles and Practice of Chiropractic, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1980. Harrison, D., D. C., Chiropractic Biophysics, Life Chiropractic College West, 1981. Jackson, R., M.D., The Cervical Syndrome, Charles C. Thomas Company, 1977. Kapandji, I. A., The Physiology of the Joints, Churchill Livingstone, 1982. Kirkaldy-Willis, W., M.D., Managing Low Back Pain, 3rd edition, Churchill Livingstone, 1993. Polmoski, M., Pericone, E., Brandt, K., Development and Reversal of a Proteoglycan Aggregation Defect in Normal Canine Knee Cartilage, Arthritic-Rheumatic; 52:508-517, 1979. Ressel, A., D. C., Disc Regeneration: Reversibility is Possible in Spinal Osteoarthritis, International Chiropractic Association Review, March-April, 1989. Videman, T., Experimental Models of Osteoarthritis: The Role of Immobilization, Clinical Biomechanics, 2:223-229, 1987. ©2002 Back Talk Systems, Inc. (800) 937-3113 (303) 277-9990
Allegory of the Cave Assignment Allegory of the Cave Assignment Words: 619 Plat’s conception of the soul is that it is an open vessel. Each has the capacity and ability to learn and to receive knowledge but first the whole being must be open to new knowledge and to learning. However some people are very close minded and set on what is already in front of them and refuse to open their minds. In order for one to become enlightened they must want to learn and must work for their knowledge. Plato says, “Whereas, our argument shows that the power and capacity f learning exists in the soul already; and that Just as the eye was unable to turn from darkness to light without the whole body, so too the instrument of knowledge can only by the movement of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being, and learn by degrees to endure the sight of being, and of the brightest and best of being, or in other words, of the good. ” If we go back to his allegory you see a group of people chained in a cave. Don’t waste your time! Order your assignment! order now They have no conception of what is real and everything they see is mere shadows to reality. They have had no en to help usher them into new knowledge or to help enlighten them. And when one finally breaks free and emerges into the sun and the real world he is forever changed. Now he is above petty human issues and he is focused on obtaining new information and bettering himself. So eventually this person wants to go back and share his new found enlightenment with all his friends, but his friends have no concept of what is reality and scowl at him when he tries to tell them of his new findings. Everything they see is shadows, so they have no conception of sun or light r colors or of anything he is saying and they say he is crazy and refuse to see reality. Now if we take this literally we have an amusing fictional story, but once you look at it and figure out Plat’s meaning behind the story you see a reflection of society as a whole. Humans are impressionable we pick up on what the people around us do and most of us Just try to fit in. What society does we do. So if a person comes in and starts preaching about something that is not accepted as a societal norm then people will reject him as crazy. In order to be enlightened one must open themselves to new experiences. You must wrap your life around the desire to learn and to be enlightened. Although every soul has the ability to learn not every person achieves this because you have to work at it. Knowledge does not simply come for free, you must seek it. However once one has obtained this enlightened state and sees everything as it truly is he cannot simply abandon his old peers and wander around forever in a peaceful knowledgeable bliss, he must go back and try to help others achieve his state. A person is not truly a philosopher until they teach others how to helicopters. A soul is not whole until it has helped to better other’s souls. Plat’s conception of a soul is that it as a changeable thing, something to be taught and till d Witt knowledge. In order tort society to become better everyone must be enlightened so bettering yourself is not merely Just about obtaining knowledge, it is about helping those around you to see the world as it truly is. How to cite this assignment Choose cite format: Allegory of the Cave Assignment. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved May 14, 2021, from
Jessica in Ther Merchant of Venice Jessica in The Merchant of Venice In The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare introduces his auditory to the multi dimensional sort of Jessica. Jessica is signed as the daughter of a Jewish Merchant but the auditory learns she is fur past than that. As the state moves parallel and Jessica marries a Christian man, Jessica’s convertibility as a Jewish dowager is challenged. Although a unexpressive sort in the state, she is expressive accordingly she executes the auditory scrutiny what it instrument to be Jewish and hence what it instrument to be Christian. The differences among Judaism and Christianity in the state are illusionn through Jessica’s homogeneitys after a time Shylock and Lorenzo. The senior daughter homogeneity that Jessica and Shylock portion-out illusions the auditory values of Judaism. The two own a very rocky homogeneity through out the state and although it appears that Jessica is no past than a dogged teenager, their homogeneitys and interactions illusion the foundations of a Jewish family. Shylock illusions the undeviating administrations of the Jewish holiness through how he treats Jessica at their residence. What the auditory knows encircling Jessica and Shylock’s certainty is that Shylock locks up Jessica in their progeny and she is not undisputed out. Jessica then frustrateubtedly has indignation towards her senior when she says "Our progeny is misery, and thou, a joyful lucifer, / Didst rob it of some sensibility of tediousness" (2. 3. 1). It is disengaged to the auditory that Shylock not solely neglects to lock up his daughter to the globe he, besides doesn't neglect Jessica to test Venetian companionship when he says "lock up the doors" so the sounds of hush don't issue in from the streets (2. 5. 5). It becomes very apparent that Jessica’s progeny is a exact, administration driven progenyhold that she does not regard or enjoy. Jessica’s animation underneathneathneath Shylock’s administrations illusions the undeviatingness of the Jewish holiness that Jessica was brought up underneathneath. These instances, at the origin of the state, illusion the auditory what Jessica’s animation as a Jew is enjoy. It is not until we see Jessica’s transition into a Christian that we can see the differences among the two holinesss. Once Jessica runs detached from residence and marries Lorenzo, her animation as a Jewish dowager comes to an end. Through this transition of Jessica’s, we see delayout opinions on Judaism and Christianity. When Jessica runs detached from residence to espouse, a dialogue is sparked among Lorenzo and his ally Gratiano. They own a dialogue encircling why it is that Lorenzo loves Jessica. Lorenzo is arduous to teach to Gratiano how Jessica does not fit the ordinary Jewish shape by byword “For she is prudent, if I can magistrate of her/And beautiful she is, if that mine eyes be penny/And penny she is, as she hath proved herself”(2. 6. 53-55). From Lorenzo’s talk when describing Jessica, it becomes disengaged that these Christians friend good-natured-natured traits such as beautifulness, apprehension, and refrain after a time entity traits that most Jewish fellow-creatures do not enjoy. On the contrary end of the controversy, the state has Shylock and his counter-argument to Jessica running detached, getting married, and selling her mothers wedlock melody. Shylock responds by byword “Out upon her! Thou torturest me, Tubal: it was my? turquoise; I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor: I would not own fond it for a attenuate of monkeys. (3. 1. 14). Shylock is subvert that his daughter would attenuate detached her estimpowerful symbolicals for notability as idiotic as a monkey. It is in this trice in the state that the auditory see’s the new carefree animationstyle Jessica is influence as a Christian when she denounces her mother’s melody. Shylock, who loves symbolical enjoyions, is appalled by his daughter’s carless goods. The auditory sees through Jessica’s transition from Jew to Christian and from the dialogues sparked in sorts from this possession how the two incongruous divine groups see each other. After her transition, Jessica’s homogeneity after a time her new wife besides sparks incongruous assumptions encircling holiness. After Jessica marries Lorenzo, her animation is literally transformed from a Jew to a Christian overnight. Through her terminal goods of the state, the auditory can see how incongruous her two globes are. Her animation after a time Lorenzo is one liberal of carefree fun and no symbolical enjoyions. Time her animation after a time her senior was one liberal of administrations and restrictions. Once Jessica enters into this homogeneity after a time Lorenzo, the expectation of what it instrument to be a Christian and what it instrument to be a Jew is scrutinyed. Jessica’s two incongruous lives reproduce-exhibit the incongruous stereotypes of the two holinesss. The Jewish fellow-creatures in this state are portrayed through Jessica and Shylock as entity an old globeexamination of animation. Shylock’s progeny is very exact, administration persistent, and oriented in impenetrpowerful product. While on the other influence, Lorenzo reproduce-exhibits the New Testament, Christian examination of the globe where fellow-creatures are fur past encircling influence carefree and denouncing symbolical enjoyions. When Jessica marries Lorenzo and becomes a Christian through wedlock she besides brings up another scrutiny encircling holiness and what executes a special a Jew. Jessica is a Jew by rise but converts to Christianity through wedlock. This brings encircling the scrutiny of is it rise or judgment that executes a special a assured holiness. Lancelot primeval brings this encircling when he claims that Jessica is damned accordingly she was born Jewish in that he is refermelody to the certainty that there is button she can do to frustrate entity Jewish. The auditory besides sees numerous lines where the picture of order is brought up. Shylock refers to his daughter as “my own flesh and order” (3. 1. 32) and Jessica states, “I am a daughter to his order” (2. 3. 18). This picture of order that Jessica and Shylock portion-out bonds them contemporaneously and parallels the notion that Judaism runs in the order, hence is decided at rise. Although Lancelot seems to admire that Judaism runs in the order, Jessica admires that she can overbalance this by espouseing Lorenzo. She states, “I shall be saved by my wife/He hath made me a Christian" (3. 5. 3). To her, Judaism is out of her accordingly her wife, Lancelot, made her into a Christian through wedlock. Here we see two differences in what the sorts of the state admire executes a special Jewish. Lancelot admires Jessica is Jewish by rise, and Jessica admires that espouseing Lorenzo can execute her into a Christian. The sort Jessica is expressive in The Merchant of Venice accordingly of the scrutinys she brings up encircling holiness. Her homogeneity after a time her senior illusions her animation as a Jew time her wedlock to Lorenzo illusions her intercharge into a Christian. These two globes of Jessica state off of each other and through them the auditory is powerful to see the differences among Judaism and Christianity. Through Jessica’s transition from Jew to Christian, the auditory is powerful to see the catholic differences among the Jewish and Christian sorts in The Merchant of Venice. Works Cited Evans, G. , ed. The Riverside Shakespeare. 6th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974.

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