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History’s Most Terrifying Ways of Punishing People
Death By Sawing
20. Death By Sawing
Sawing a person in half was an execution method implemented in many parts of the world, from the Roman Empire to Morocco and medieval Europe.
It is the act of cutting a living person in half, and it occurred either; midsagittal (lengthwise; through the skull downwards or the groin upwards) or transversely (through the middle of the torso).
There are more horrendous styles of the execution like hanging the victim upside down and fastening them to boards and sawing them from the groin downwards.
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Definition[edit | edit source]
A material fact is a fact that would be to a reasonable person germane to the decision to be made as distinguished from an insignificant, trivial or unimportant detail. In other words, it is a fact which expression (or concealment) would reasonably result in a different decision.
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Minority Rights and Constitutional Protections
Every citizen is guaranteed the freedom to “profess, practice and propagate his religion” under Article 20 of the Constitution. Minorities are afforded further constitutional protection under Article 36 of the Constitution, which mandates that the “[s]tate shall safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minorities.” Despite these constitutional guarantees, religious minorities in Pakistan experience multiple exclusions from access to justice, owing to discriminatory laws and practice. This was discussed at a roundtable organized by Jinnah Institute on 16th May 2019 that convened an eminent group of human rights defenders from KP and Punjab, moderated by Salman Zaidi and Syed Hassan Akbar. The participants, most of whom had extensive experience of working for minority rights discussed the challenges faced by religious minorities in ensuring protection for themselves and their communities, touching upon increasing security challenges and rising intolerance that hinders their political and public participation.
Calling on the federal and provincial governments, the participants highlighted that most curriculum textbooks taught in public schools were developed in the 1980’s and a major overhaul of curricula was required to meet the challenges faced by Pakistan in the 21st century. A number of instances in existing textbooks that violate Article 22 of the Constitution were discussed. They highlighted that following the SC verdict curriculum task forces were established to look at hate speech and biases in existing curricula, but implementation of the task force recommendations are subject to political delays.
Given the lack of movement in policy reform on curriculum through a top-down approach, the participants also narrated existing instances of bottom-up approaches to tackling biases against minority communities. They agreed that working on a rights based approach with citizens should go hand in hand with advocacy at the policy level to ensure that a more inclusive and equality based curricula is developed across all textbook boards to prepare our future generations for a more progressive, tolerant and empowered Pakistan.
Participants noted that blasphemy laws were commonly used to threaten, intimidate or attack religious minorities. Members of minority groups drew upon their experiences of law enforcement agencies denying them rightful protections through non-registration of FIRs or inaction in the face of imminent violence. The courts too have not prevented discrimination and persecution against religious minorities: no court has taken notice or refrained anti-Ahmadi gatherings and rallies. This resulted in reduced confidence in the rule of law and state institutions.
It was acknowledged that there has been a significant shift in the approach towards blasphemy law, with a renewed judicial focus on checking its abuse. In 2017, the Islamabad High Court proposed that the punishment for false accusations under the blasphemy law should be made stricter to prevent
the abuse of the law. It was noted that the parliament has also expressed a desire to take remedial measures to this end. More recently, the Supreme Court, while acquitting Asia Bibi of charges of blasphemy levelled against her, emphasized that false accusations should be dealt with seriously. Participants expressed some optimism as a result of this judgement.
Participants also discussed environmental rights. Although the Supreme Court recognized clean environment as a fundamental right of citizens, successive governments have paid negligible attention to this aspect over the decades. It was discussed that while other states and their civil societies are trying to co-create new aspects of citizenship that enable a fuller enjoyment of rights and entitlements, such as access to environmental rights, Pakistan is barely able to meet the implementation of its constitutional provisions. Participants stated that realizing environmental rights requires a merger of human rights and environment policy frameworks. This needs to be backed with a new set of indicators that connect environmental outcomes with human rights concerns. |
DIRECTIONS: Identify the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy described by the following situations.
1. _______The castaways decided to move their camp to a neighboring island where there were wild goats for fresh milk and cheese and an abundance of fruit and vegetables.
2. _______ Carlota blushed happily when she opened the gift box of chocolates.
3. _______The colonists cured hams and meats in smokehouses. Salt was also widely used to preserve meats and fish. Fruits and vegetables could be stored for long periods in root cellars and spring houses.
4. _______Tamina thought it was very funny to give a dead, naked chicken a bath, but she did it thoroughly as she daydreamed about the potential for Salmonella Shampoo.
5. _______Akisha planned to serve caviar and lobster on the night she invited her new boss to dinner.
6. _______Cindy had the responsibility for packing the family lunches. It was a creative challenge to include the five food groups and yet provide some variety.
7. _______They stood facing one another in a seemingly hostile pose. Their hands moved rapidly together toward the knife. In a flash the deed was done, and they pushed pieces of wedding cake into each other’s faces.
8. _______Michael served his favorite bean soup and oat bran bread to prospective clients.
9. _______ David noticed that the grocery shopping was taking much longer than expected, but he thought it was important to check for salt, sugar, and fat in the processed foods that he needed to buy.
10. _______Andre’s neighbors welcomed him warmly to the neighborhood. His gourmet dinner featuring sushi made a good impression.
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Britain Wrestles with its Past
We talk with the writer and political commentator Fintan O'Toole about how British politics can and should deal with its imperial past in the age of Brexit. From battles over statues to fights over nationalism we explore whether history has become the new democratic divide. Why does Churchill loom so large over our politics? Can Labour reclaim the mantle of patriotism? Will the Union survive the history wars? Plus we ask whether there has been a generational shift in attitudes to race and identity. With Helen Thompson.
Talking Points:
Debates over statues and monuments are really more about the present than the past.
• They don’t necessarily lead you to a real engagement with either your history or your contemporary identity.
• Britain has a long history of questioning how the past is thought about in the public sphere.
Is it possible to have a serious political argument about Churchill’s legacy anymore?
• In the age of Johnson, is everything a proxy?
• Churchill can’t be separated from the Second World War in British historical memory.
• The Churchill question goes deep into the Union question. If you take away the experience of the two world wars, it’s not clear what keeps the Union together.
How do you articulate a sense of British patriotism when the state is in decline and the history it’s wrapped up in is often disgraceful?
• For example, you could celebrate Britain’s move to outlaw the slave trade—but almost every historian would point out that this is shot through with hypocrisy.
• There’s a profound problem around the history of Britishness.
Over the last 10 years, two different consensuses have broken down, and these interact with each other quite lethally.
• First there’s consent to Britain’s membership in the EU; this broke down more in England and in Wales.
• Second is consent to the Anglo-Scottish union breaking down in Scotland.
• And the fact that the referendum produced a Leave vote meant that the Northern Ireland question came back into play.
Nationalisms always want to purify themselves into victimhood.
• What this does is occlude the complexity of the history of the nation itself.
• Nationalism involves telling a story about the past that often, though not always, involves trying to break away from some larger political authority, often an empire.
• Part of the present moment’s attitude towards British history is not new: the sense that British history was delegitimated by Empire has been there before.
Mentioned in this Episode:
Further Learning:
And as ever, recommended reading curated by our friends at the LRB can be found here:
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Song of Roland essay
Choose ONE of the following topics (1,2,3,4 or 5) for a thesis driven paper on Song of Roland. Use quotes from the epic poem to further your argument. 1. How does Roland's death in Song of Roland affect the poem? There are many ways to address this question, you might consider why the poem celebrates his defeat, the role of Roland as a martyr, the erasure of Roland as a conqueror figure. Please try to choose one line of thought and follow it through. 2. How are emotions used in the Song of Roland? You might consider the depiction of love between Lord and vassals, or of friendship between companions such as Roland and Oliver, or the celebration or condemnation of rage. 3. Discuss portrayal of women in Song of Roland. How does the text use women to make argument or construct histories? 4) Song of Roland celebrates the "enemies" of the text even as it also condemns them. Craft a paper that discusses the ambivalent portrayal of the enemy. What are the limits of the praise? Is change possible for the enemy? 5. How do the "heroes" in Song of Roland identify themselves as a group (religiously, ethnically, culturally, etc) How does the text work to construct or solidify certain identities?
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Here’s how Cactus Air Force was able to Repel every Japanese Assault during the Battle of Guadalcanal
The Cactus Air Force, primarily flying the rugged Wildcat fighter and the incomparable Dauntless divebomber, weathered every Japanese assault and emerged victorious.
The battle of Guadalcanal, the turning point of the Pacific War, centered around control of Henderson Field. The unfinished airstrip was captured the day after the US Marines landed, and was operational less than two weeks later. It was a rudimentary airfield, and the “Cactus Air Force” based there was short of aircraft, pilots, and supplies. But so long as the airfield remained in American hands, the Japanese could not send the heavy convoys they needed to recapture the island. The Americans had to keep Henderson Field operational in the face of constant attack from Japanese bombers and their Zero escorts, and even against battleship bombardment. The Cactus Air Force, primarily flying the rugged Wildcat fighter and the incomparable Dauntless divebomber, weathered every Japanese assault and emerged victorious.
As told by Mark Stille in his book Guadalcanal 1942-43, the key to defending Henderson Field was conducting effective interception of Japanese raids. The Marines had two primary sources of warning of incoming Japanese raids — coast watchers and radar. Every minute of early warning was crucial since enough time had to be gained to give the slow-climbing Wildcats time to assume their preferred interception altitude of 30,000 feet or more. Above 20,000 feet, the aircraft climbed only 500 feet per minute. If inadequate early warning was available, the result was usually a failed interception.
The system used to control the fighters was crude. Initially, it was a one-man show with the Marine air operations officer launching fighters when he received a radar contact. Once airborne, the Wildcats were not sent far from the airfield to conduct a radar-directed interception since the effective range of the radios on the Wildcats was only 10-15 miles. The air operations officer kept in touch with the airborne fighters through a salvaged aircraft radio mounted on his truck. The same officer also acted as an observer to identify enemy aircraft and sound the air raid alarm. In October, two naval officers who had graduated from the Navy’s fighter direction school arrived on Guadalcanal. They had to contend with the same unreliable radars and the lack of coordination between the 90mm gun batteries and the airborne fighters. The radar problem was largely solved by the ministrations of a single master technical sergeant who possessed the uncanny ability to tell how many and what types of Japanese aircraft were in a formation and their approximate altitude well before they arrived near Henderson Field. By November 1942, all the radars on the island were linked together and the coordination between fighters and antiaircraft guns was much improved. The system proved resilient enough to survive the 82 air raids recorded by the 3rd Defense Battalion between the start of the campaign and Nov. 15.
Air tactics were critical since the Wildcat was inferior in many regards to the Zero and the experience level of the Marine fighter pilots was low in many cases. Major Smith, commander of VMF-223, devised tactics that he taught to his pilots and that exploited the strengths of the Wildcat. Smith’s preferred method of attack was to get to a point ahead of the bombers with a 5,000-foot height advantage. Once this position had been gained, which was not easy given the Wildcat’s slight speed advantage over the Betty, Smith preached a diving attack concentrating on the trail aircraft in the formation. The desired firing range was 1,000 feet in a right-to-left diving attack across the bomber formation. This tactic had many key advantages. It used the Wildcat’s superior diving speed to get past any escorting Zeros, it evaded most of the Betty’s defensive armament, the Japanese formation could not evade it, and it presented a good shot on the Betty’s vulnerable wing fuel tanks. After the initial attack, the Wildcats were told to pull out of the dive into a climbing left turn and then reassess. If the Zero escort had not intervened, Smith taught that the Wildcats should make another pass at the bombers. The primary mission of the interception was to break up the bomber formation. Obviously, the Zeros were not going to let the Wildcats attack the bombers without intervening, so when they did make an appearance Smith told his pilots not to get into a dogfight with the extremely maneuverable Zeros. The smart play was to use the Wildcat’s superior diving speed to clear the area or seek safety in a cloud.
On Oct. 23, the commander of Cactus Air Force’s fighters, Lt. Col. Harold Bauer, ordered a change in tactics. He discerned that the quality of Zero pilots had declined, and he was sure that the Wildcat pilots were now better. Accordingly, he ordered his pilots on the Oct. 23 interception to dogfight with the Zeros whenever the opportunity arose. The results on that day seemed to justify his assessment.
If the Marine pilots were shot down, even over Japanese lines, there was a good chance they would reach the Marine perimeter and return to duty. This was due to the brave efforts of the coast watchers and loyal local people on the island. More than half of the pilots shot down over or near Guadalcanal returned to fight again.
The Dauntless crews were just as important for the successful outcome of the campaign as were the Wildcat pilots. Each Dauntless carried two crewmen, the pilot, and the rear gunner. In addition to the Marine dive-bomber squadrons on the island, there was a constant rotation of Navy dive-bombers operating from Henderson Field. The Dauntless had a short combat radius when loaded with 1,000lb bombs. In the morning and afternoon, Dauntlesses were sent into the area known as the “Slot” (the passage between the central Solomon Islands leading to Guadalcanal) to scout for Japanese ships. The most common Japanese ships encountered were destroyers conducting transport missions down the Slot. If these ventured too close to Guadalcanal in the afternoon or were late leaving the waters off the island at night and had not steamed out of range by morning, they were liable to be attacked. Dive-bombing was an accurate method of attack when conducted by a trained crew but hitting a ship as fast and maneuverable as a destroyer was difficult for any dive-bomber pilot. If possible, the pilot would line up his attack along the ship’s length to provide a larger target, but hits were rare on destroyers. At night, the Tokyo Express unloaded its cargo of troops and supplies only miles from Henderson Field. The Dauntless pilots were tempted to try night attacks. These were dangerous since they were operating from an unlit airfield. They were also ineffective since the Japanese destroyer captains learned to stay concealed in the darkness by not firing on the dive-bombers and keeping their speed down to reduce their wake.
Guadalcanal 1942-43 is published by Osprey Publishing and is available to order here.
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Why Do Turtles Live So Long?
Why Do Turtles Live So Long
“Turtles do nothing and live around 150 years.” This sarcastic quote says a lot about a turtle’s lifespan. To be honest, turtles are one of the most long-lived animals, even the smallest turtle species live around 30 to 40 years. The real question here is, “Why do turtles live so long?”
The exact reason why turtles live so long has not been determined yet. The researchers claim the following factors are responsible for a turtle’s long life:
• Slow metabolism
• Delayed reproduction
• Unique lifestyle
Read on to this article, if you have the slightest curiosity about a turtle’s lifespan. I will discuss all the factors in detail along with the average longevity of some popular turtle species.
Why Do Turtles Live So Long?
You already know that turtles live for decades and in most cases, some turtles outlive their owners or caretakers. So, what is the deal with them? How can they live such a long and happening life?
Well, the scientists and researchers are still looking for the exact answers. With the available knowledge and resources, we can say that the below factors make a turtle live long:
1. Size
2. Slow metabolism
3. Healthy lifestyle
4. Mental relief
5. Shell protection
6. Reproduction
7. Habitat location
Let’s explore all these factors one by one.
When it comes to wild animals, size matters. According to most experts, the bigger the animal, the longer it lives. Though it is not a hard and fast rule, this logic is proved right in most species, especially for turtles.
The longest living turtles are big. Take sea turtles for example. Depending on the species, the average lifespan of these turtles is around 80 to 100 years. The oldest living sea turtle is 400 years old. An adult sea turtle can grow up to 3 to 5 feet.
On the other hand, the smaller turtles do not live as long as the big ones. But they lead a considerable life. For example,
• The red eared sliders live for more than 30 years. Their carapace growth is about 12 inches. Check how long a red eared slider lives and their living factors by clicking here.
• Box turtles can roughly get 7 to 8 inches big and maybe more in rare cases. The average lifespan of a box turtle is 40 to 50 years. With proper care, some box turtles live for more than 100 years. Check how to provide your pet box turtle a longer life from this article.
• Map turtles grow more than 10 inches and live an average life of 50 to 100 years. Check this article to learn what factors affect a map turtle’s lifespan.
• Softshell turtles can get really big. Some species grow more than 25 inches. For example, the Yangtze softshell turtle can reach 39 to 40 inches. Depending on the species and size of the turtle, the softshell turtles live around 11 to 400 years. You can get more information just by clicking here
Slow Metabolism
Scientists believe that a faster life can lead to a short life, especially in wild animals. Similarly, slow life will lead to a longer life. This theory is called the rate of living theory and is so true in the case of turtles.
Turtles are cold-blooded or ectothermic species, which means they can not regulate their body temperature. They totally depend on the environment for warming up their bodies. As a result, the turtles do not have to waste energy on body heating.
Again, turtles have a slow metabolism. They can live on a small amount of food and water for a long time. Think about the hibernation period when a turtle survives without any food for 5 to 7 months. Not only that, when the turtles drop their metabolism, they can live on a small amount of oxygen consumption too.
The energy conversion of food to energy is also slow in turtles. As a result, the turtles undergo slow growth. Their cell also goes under the minimum damage. So, the turtles grow old much slowly.
You must have heard that turtles are slow. And this slow speed and less activity is the main key to their longevity.
Healthy Lifestyle
By healthy lifestyle, I am indicating to the diet of the turtles. Most turtle species are omnivorous, which means they can eat both plants and animal-based proteins. The experts claim that a large portion of a turtle’s diet includes vegetables and fat-free cholesterols. And vegetables are always good for health.
Also, the turtles tend to maintain a proper nutritional balance. This is the reason why turtles live a long life.
Mental Relief
Turtles are anything but not social animals. While humans stay together to stay stress-free, turtles do the opposite. They prefer spending time alone.
Also, the turtles can stay mentally relieved with a peaceful environment. A stress-free life leads to more physical activity and healthier life.
Shell Protection
Imagine having an outer shell for your body. How many accidents would you have avoided? A lot, right?
The shell of the turtles works something like security to them. It helps these animals to protect themselves from outer attacks and predators. If any animal wants to get a hold of the turtle, it has to go through the hard shell. According to a study, a turtle shell can bear more than a 350 kg attack.
In the wild, the turtles can get a surprise visit from a predator. No matter what, it is always shielded with a hard shell. So, this self-defense mechanism helps the turtles survive more years.
Turtles tend to have prolonged, extended, and delayed reproduction. This is an evolutionary advantage for them that let them live longer. Are you surprised?
Well, yes. Reproduction is a major reason why turtles live so long. Usually, turtles have to fight every day for survival and so they do not have much time for copulation except during the mating season.
The turtles start and grow their families slowly. They are in no rush. As they have self protection mechanisms, they are in no hurry to spread the population that can stand against the predators. According to scientists, this late reproduction system has gifted the turtles with a long life.
Habitat Location
Habitat location plays a significant role in a turtle’s life. Let’s admit the truth. You can not provide a turtle with a prolonged life in a filthy and improper environment. So, the location matters a lot.
However, different studies claim that turtles with the least fear of predators live a long life. Good water quality can also be the reason why turtles live long.
Turtle Average Lifespan
I have talked about why turtles live so long. Let’s take a look at the lifespan of different turtle species:
Turtle SpeciesAverage Lifespan
Leatherback sea turtle30 years
Green sea turtle80 to 100 years
Loggerhead sea turtle70 to 80 years
Hawksbill sea turtle30 to 50 years
Painted turtle50 years
Common snapping turtle30 years
Kemp’s ridley sea turtle30 years
Spotted turtle26 years
Alligator snapping turtle100 years
Common musk turtle30 to 50 years
Olive ridley sea turtle50 years
Wood turtle58 years
Softshell turtle20 to 50 years
Box turtle50 years
Map turtle15 to 100 years
Pond slider30 years
How To Make Your Pet Turtle Live Longer
Different statistics have concluded that in most cases, a captive turtle lives longer than the wild one. As a responsible turtle owner, it is your duty to ensure everything that will make your pet live a longer and happier life.
Here are some factors that can the keys to your turtle’s longevity:
• Proper habitat
• Balanced diet
• Clean enclosure
• Natural vibe
• Regular health check-up
Proper Habitat
Sometimes we ignore the importance of proper habitat. But it matters most for the turtles. If you can create a properly arranged enclosure for your pet turtle, it will live a healthy and long life.
So, what makes an enclosure perfect? It depends on your species. If it is an aquatic species, provide water and land space. Otherwise, for a land turtle, a large land area with a small water land will be okay.
Some mandatory equipment for a turtle’s habitat are:
1. Water filter
2. Tank heater
3. Heating and UV lamp
4. Basking dock
Balanced Diet
The best way to help a turtle live a longer life is to feed it a balanced diet. Depending on the species, turtles may prefer eating animal protein, plants, or both. Professionals think it is smart to feed more veggies to your turtles. Even if your turtle is carnivorous, feed it a small amount of vegetables.
However, fruits can be an occasional treat for the turtles. To keep the turtles’ hunting skills alive, you can provide live foods like crickets, insects, small fishes, etc. never feed junk foods, processed foods, candies to your turtle. This can cause obesity and other chronic health diseases.
Vitamin D and calcium is also important for the turtle’s diet. Sprinkle these supplements on each meal.
Clean Enclosure
Turtles are true fighters and can survive most extreme environments. So, it might seem that a filthy environment is not a big deal for these pets. But no. The turtles will not show their expression, but they really hate a filthy environment. Moreover, an unhygienic enclosure can be unhealthy for pets.
The foodscapes, urates, turtle wastages, and other dirt can spread bacterias inside the tank. The turtle will fall sick and suffer from different fungal, bacterial infections.
So, you must provide the turtle with a clean, healthy, and hygienic enclosure. Do a weekly cleaning and monthly deep cleaning. You can wash the tank with disinfectant solutions for a better wash.
Natural Vibe
The more natural you can make the enclosure, the more suitable it will be for the turtles. You can place a thick layer of a substrate at the bottom of the tank if your turtle has a tendency to burrow. Plant small vegetations or herbs that are edible by the pets. Putting several hiding places in the enclosure is a must.
Besides these, you should take your turtle out of the tank sometimes. Also, try placing the enclosure in such a place where direct sunlight is available. Make sure the room has enough ventilation for air passage.
Regular Health Checkup
Keeping the turtle mentally and physically healthy is one of the keys to its longevity. Do regular medical checkups and consult the vet. Ask him if everything is alright or not.
However, to keep the turtle stress relieved, do the following things:
• Do not scare the pet.
• Do not touch the turtle if it is not enjoying it.
• People can stress the pet. Place the enclosure in a quiet place.
• Handle the turtle with care. If you hold it in the wrong way, the pet will get panicked.
Of course, the death of any pet is not in our hands. But there is no loss trying, right?
So, why do turtles live so long? The simple answer will be evolution. These animals have been blessed with longevity genes. As a turtle owner, I hope this article will help you know the nature of your turtle more closely.
Muntaseer Rahman
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The word religion comes from the Latin religio meaning ‘piety’ and is allied to religens meaning ‘to fear the gods.’
It is often said that Buddhism is not a religion but a ‘way of life.’ It is difficult to comment on this statement without having a definition of both ‘religion’ and ‘way of life.’ The Oxford Dictionary defines religion as ‘the belief in the existence of a god or gods, and the activities that are connected with the worship of them.’ By this definition Buddhism is certainly not a religion, but nor would Jainism, Confucianism, Taoism and certain sects of Hinduism be either.
If Buddhism is ‘a way of life’ then surely so are Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism etc. because they require acting in particular ways, not just belief in certain dogmas. Nonetheless, with its strong emphasis on realism and understanding as opposed to blind faith, Buddhism does stand out from other religions. Perhaps Buddhism might be best described as ‘a religious philosophy’ or ‘a spiritual psychology.’
It has become popular in the West today to consider all religions to be basically the same. This attitude is probably due to an understandable reaction against the intolerance of the past, a decline in religious commitment and the mistaken belief that to make comparisons and choose one thing over another is ‘intolerant.’ A cursory examination of the major world religions, let alone the minor ones, will reveal common features but also irreconcilable differences. Someone once asked the Buddha, ‘Do all teachers and priests teach the same idea, practice the same discipline, cherish the same thing and strive for the same goal?’ The Buddha replied, ‘No they do not.’ ‘And why not?’ asked the questioner. ‘Because’ the Buddha said, ‘the world is made up of many and various elements. This being the case some beings focus on one or another of these various things. What they focus on they become attached to and then proclaim, “This alone is true. All else is false.” And thus they do not teach the same idea, practice the same discipline, cherish the same thing and strive for the same goal’ (D.II,282). |
Did you know that exposure to artificial blue light takes a toll on your eyes?
Life as we know it wouldn’t exist without light – natural light, that is. The same can’t be said, however, for artificial light, specifically the type found in your screens and devices. In fact, researchers are just starting to uncover the long-term side effects of blue light exposure on a person’s overall health. Even worse, it doesn’t even matter if you aren’t looking directly at it: The presence of blue light in your immediate vicinity can still adversely affect you. (1)
It’s a good thing that you can escape the pitfall of artificial blue light. Here are 11 ways that you can minimize the damage that exposure to blue light can do, not just to your eyes, but also to your overall health.
1. Get away from your screen and rest your eyes.
This may be the easiest way to limit exposure to artificial blue light. Turn off your screens or get up from your desk. If you can, spend your whole lunch break just catching up with your workmates or doing another screenless activity instead of replacing the artificial blue light from your computer with the artificial blue light from your phone.
1. Observe the 20-20-20 rule.
If you can’t spend a lot of time away from the computer screen, you can at least try and minimize the harm artificial blue light can do to your eyes. One easy way to do this is to follow the 20-20-20 rule. (2) Either set an alarm on your phone that goes off every 20 minutes or download an app that tells you to take a break. After every 20 minutes, take your eyes off your computer screen and stare at an inanimate object 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Keep your eyes on your blank wall or stare at the pavement outside your window. It’s difficult to measure 20 feet with just your eyes, but this rule isn’t a strict one, as long as the object is far enough away.
1. Tilt your screens.
Try to tilt your computer screens to a lower angle, and raise your chair so the artificial blue light doesn’t hit you directly. When you look at your screen, you should be looking down by a 15 to 20-degree angle.
1. Adjust your brightness settings.
If you can, lower the brightness on all your screens, from your computer to your TV and smartphone. Ideally, your screen’s brightness should match the lighting in the room you’re in, so as not to strain your eyes with the high contrast.
1. Replace the lightbulbs in your home.
Chances are, you work at an office that uses “cool” or “bright” white fluorescent bulbs. These bulbs can lead to vision problems and other health concerns down the line. Unless you can petition your boss to change the lightbulbs in the entire office, chances are you can only change the bulbs you have at home. Consider switching them out with bulbs that emit a “warm” white tone. (3) Some LED bulbs that emit this tone have less blue light, but you’re better off with incandescent bulbs, which barely emit any blue light at all.
1. Limit your exposure by staying away from screens for at least two hours before bedtime.
If you can limit yourself to only looking at screens during work hours, that would be the best option for your eye health. However, many people may not be able to do this. So, in order to prevent artificial blue light from throwing off your circadian rhythm – which is your internal biological clock that controls your sleep-wake cycle – avoid looking at screens for at least two hours before you go to sleep. Instead of scrolling through your social media before shutting the lights off, consider reading a book, solving a puzzle or listening to music or a podcast.
1. Use blue light-filtering features and apps on your smartphone.
The average person spends about three hours and 15 minutes a day on their smartphone, amounting to around 49-and-a-half days out of the entire year spent staring at a screen. (4) This doesn’t even account for how much time the average person spends looking at computer screens in the office. Luckily, many smartphones come with built-in features that can at least limit the amount of artificial blue light they emit. If your smartphone doesn’t have this feature, there are many downloadable apps that can provide you with the same effect. If possible, always keep this feature on.
1. Avoid looking at screens in the dark.
The lack of ambient light in your surroundings can cause you a lot of eyestrain due to the extreme contrast with your bright artificial blue light-emitting screens. Avoid doing any more damage to your eyes by not using any smartphone or computer altogether when the lights are out. Darkness means sleep, so avoid scrolling through your social media accounts in pitch black. Get some sleep.
1. Eat foods that support healthy eyes.
Some studies have shown that certain nutrients can maintain healthy eyes. These nutrients include zinc, copper, vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, omega-3 fatty acids, lutein and zeaxanthin. To ensure that your eyes are fully supported against the effects of artificial blue light, consume foods that are high in these eye health-promoting nutrients like fish, spinach, kale, carrots, sweet potatoes, eggs, lemons, oranges, chia seeds, peanuts, walnuts, cashews and lentils.
1. Consume supplements that support optimal vision.
With the amount of artificial blue light being emitted in any one person’s immediate environment, there’s a chance that the body can’t consume enough eye support nutrients through diet alone. Integrating dietary supplements that have eye health-supporting nutrients like lutein and zeaxanthin into your everyday routine can maintain the healthy levels of these retinal antioxidants in your system.
1. Invest in glasses that block blue light.
Taking a break from staring at your screens might not be enough, especially if you spend all day in front of a computer at work. There are certain kinds of glasses that can minimize or outright eliminate the amount of blue light that enters your eyes. These blue light blocking glasses are especially useful if you can’t avoid looking at digital screens. Blue light blocking glasses work by having filters in the lenses that can block or absorb most or all blue light from getting through. Not only can blue light blocking glasses support optimal eye health, but they can also promote the healthy functioning of your circadian rhythm.
Artificial blue light is everywhere, but it doesn’t have to ruin your life. Follow the steps above, and you will be better prepared in combating blue light. Fortunately, there are products and services, such as blue light blocking equipment and technology, that can mitigate the damage this modern world can cause.
When it comes to blue light blocking glasses, make sure you only purchase blue light blocking glasses from vendors that you trust. Many vendors in the market sell blue light glasses without providing the transmittance spectrum of the glasses they are selling. Moreover, make sure the blue light blocking glasses you buy can truly block "blue light" within the wavelength range of 400-480, the range in which over 88% of the risk of photo-oxidative damage occurs.
With Groovy Bee® Blue Light Blocking Amber Glasses, you can get maximum eye protection and enjoy superior optical clarity, while still feeling comfortable and looking stylish.
Do you have any other tips on limiting your exposure to artificial blue light? Let us know in the comments below.
Share this article with your friends and tell us how you personally minimize your contact with artificial blue light.
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patricia - February 15, 2020
do they block out green light as well?
raymond pena - January 29, 2020
I bought a pair of the blue lights glasses from your store love them I would like to use them for driving too can you add distance strips to your product it would be a really good addition thank you
steven jacobs - January 27, 2020
I bought sheets that go over your computer screen and filter out the blue ight
Henry James Bennett - January 27, 2020
I have only scanned this article…I am sharing it, because it sounds like articles I write. They expose toxic chemicals…I believe in the Health Ranger. I’ll read it later…
Diane Luce - January 27, 2020
I use yellow bug lights to cut down on blue light.
Seth Jackson - January 27, 2020
I believe I’ve kicked prescription trazadone with magnesium (citrate), and blue blockers and tryptophan at night. I’ve had insomnia for 30 years.
Melvin - January 27, 2020
Cool white fluorescents are the worst. Makes me irritable every time I go into a store, office, etc that uses cool white fluorescent tubes as lighting. Bad color rendering that brings out all the flaws in a persons complexion. This is especially true if one is light-skinned. Warm white florescents are much easier on the eyes and cost the same up front and to operate as cool white. In my opinion persons involved in the management of lighting at stores, offices, etc that use cool white florescents are retarded.
Pat - January 27, 2020
I have to wonder just how serious this is. I use a computer screen for many hours a day, but I don’t have trouble getting enough good quality sleep, and my eyesight has been stable for many years. I have very light cataracts. I only wear glasses for driving at night, and I can see the finest details without them at close range. I tried glasses, but I can’t see sharply with them. I also use LED bulbs, but no special kind. I normally read before going to sleep, using LED light. I am 76 years old. I try to be careful with my health, but there is a trade-off. If I followed all the advice I’m getting, I wouldn’t have a life.
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• November 2020 sky events will end with a full moon and partial penumbral lunar eclipse
• It will be visible in North and South America, Australia and eastern Asia
• One of the traditional names for the November full moon is the "Beaver Moon"
The November full moon will rise very early on Monday morning, and this time it will come with the fourth and final penumbral lunar eclipse of the year.
A penumbral lunar eclipse happens when the full moon moves into the penumbral shadow of the Earth, causing it to slightly lose its brightness for several hours. The previous penumbral lunar eclipse this year was the Independence Day Eclipse but, at the time, only about 35% of the moon's surface was dimmed by the Earth's penumbra.
This time, some 82% of the moon's surface will pass through the Earth's shadow, making it a more detectable event, Universe Today explained. Although it won't be as obvious or dramatic as the other types of eclipses, it is still one that may be worth staying up for.
This final major November 2020 sky event will begin very early at 2.32 a.m. EST and peak two hours later at 4.42 a.m. EST, Universe Today said. It will be visible in North and South America, Australia and eastern Asia.
Beaver Moon
The November full moon is known by different names including the Beaver Moon and the Oak Moon, and it will rise very early on Monday morning at 4.30 a.m. EST, NASA said. It is traditionally called the Beaver Moon by Native Americans and colonial Americans because it comes at the time of the year when beavers begin to take shelter for the upcoming winter and it was also the season to trap beavers for their pelts, the Farmer's Almanac explained.
If we go by season, the last full moon of autumn was also called the Cold Moon by the Algonquin tribes because of the long, cold nights. In Europe, the full moon before the winter solstice was also called the Oak Moon, possibly because of the ancient druid tradition of harvesting mistletoe from oak trees, according to NASA.
Other names for it also include the "Moon Before Yule," "Child Moon," "Frost Moon" and "Winter Moon." But no matter what this full moon is called in various parts of the world, people can come out very early on Monday and enjoy the penumbral eclipse while waiting for the full moon to rise.
It's still not the final eclipse for the year because December will also bring a total solar eclipse.
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Image: A penumbral lunar eclipse, as seen from Oria, Italy on Jan. 10, 2020. Photo: Giuseppe Donatiello/Wikimedia Commons |
The people at Multifix Assembly get a lot of questions about assembly and outsourcing assembly, in the article below we try to answer them. Other questions can of course also be answered, click here if you want to contact our experts.
In the article below, the following topics are discussed:
What is assembly?
Parts of assembly
Types of assembly
Pre-assembly and final assembly
The assembly line
The technique behind assembly
Outsourcing assembly
Assembly has several meanings, but the most common one is industrial: assembling parts into a product (e.g. a computer). This assembly can be done manually or mechanically.
According to the dictionary, assembly is apparently also an art form, a technique from archaeology and a method of producing wine, but in this article these meanings are not discussed further.
Synonyms for assembly are final assembly, putting together, assembling, and merging. The word is derived from the French ‘assembler’, which means ‘to collect or to assemble’. It was not until 1931 that it was used in the Dutch language, albeit still in the context of wine production. According to Wikipedia, the word assemblage can also be used as a noun: an assemblage is a whole consisting of a number of different parts.
The term assembly is used according to the guideline VDI 2860 to describe the whole of all processes to assemble ‘bodies’ with geometrically defined shapes (lengths, angles). The essential sub-processes (German article) of an assembly process are:
• Joining (screwing, nailing, welding, gluing, soldering, cutting)
• Handling (gripping, laying, turning, moving, locking, controlling)
• Check
• Adjust (e.g. a setting)
• Auxiliary operations (e.g. cleaning, heating or cooling for press connections, deburring, unpacking, sealing, oils, …)
In addition to work preparation and parts production, assembly is part of the production system of an industrial company. The reverse of assembly is disassembly, using appropriate disassembly techniques. We will not discuss this further in this article.
The assembly process can be divided into two types: primary assembly and secondary assembly.
Primary assembly: The primary assembly is the assembly of components into a whole: an assembly, an aggregate (technology) or an end product. Primary assembly includes all operations that add value to a product, i.e. that physically change the assembly object. Assembled objects – as opposed to individual parts – can usually be disassembled again. This is very important for maintenance, repair and disposal or recycling.
Secondary assembly: Secondary assembly includes handling, testing, adjustment and special auxiliary operations that support the assembly process, but are not fundamentally required. All secondary assembly operations should be avoided or reduced as much as possible, as they do not alter the assembly object itself and therefore do not directly contribute to the added value. Secondary assembly processes are – depending on the chosen assembly principle – all necessary processes which represent an investment of time, information and energy, without creating any added value for the product.
Due to the increasing complexity of the end products, their assembly is divided into different pre-assemblies and the actual final assembly of the product. This division has advantages because of space and costs, but also because of better production control.
For example, the automotive industry has increasingly evolved towards a highly automated assembly industry, which also includes suppliers. These often deliver pre-assembled modules just-in-time to the vehicle manufacturer’s factory, where they only need to be installed on the final assembly line. The main suppliers can in turn outsource certain pre-assemblies to sub-suppliers, creating a complex supply chain.
The conveyor belt (German article) or assembly line is mainly known from the automotive industry, but is now used in many industries.
History of the assembly line
In the automotive industry, the assembly line started with Ransom Eli Olds‘ ‘progressive assembly line’, where the body was attached to a moving carriage that was pushed from workstation to workstation. Henry Ford improved this principle with his engineer Sörensen and his foreman Lewis to create the ‘moving assembly line’. As a result, the production costs and price of his Ford T model could be drastically reduced. This assembly production was then copied by all car manufacturers. In recent years, this form of ‘flow production’ has also established itself in other industrial sectors with complex and varied products, such as aircraft construction, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering.
Building an assembly line
In an assembly line, the different variations of a product are produced by successive assembly activities. For the ongoing assembly, an assembly support is required to which the assembly object is attached. The basic assembly object is usually a static element of the product to be manufactured; this can be a mounting plate, a subframe or – as in automotive construction – a bodywork.
The sequence of the assembly steps is not random, but requires a certain sequence that must be carefully planned in advance. The assembly line is divided into cycles, the assembly object goes through the cycles in a certain cycle time. During this time, the assigned assembly work must be carried out, which is precisely described in a work plan or work instruction in which all the necessary tools and aids – as well as the parts to be assembled, assemblies, etc. – are precisely specified.
Assembly-compatible construction
In order to manufacture a product and its different variants on the same assembly line, the product must be designed for assembly. To this end, the component and assembly variations must be interchangeable as far as possible. The technical connection points and the connection technology between the different units, parts and assemblies and their variations must be standardized as much as possible.
Controlling the assembly line
Controlling the assembly and assembly lines is of great importance for complex and varied products, as these are assembled in more and more variants on one line. Due to the technical complexity, large assemblies such as engines, transmissions, axles or seats are also manufactured in vehicle construction, either on separate assembly lines or even in separate assembly plants.
Extensive assemblies of components such as the cockpit, front end, vehicle doors, sliding roof or power train are often moved to pre-assemblies and/or to a supplier. The pre-assemblies or assemblies are then fully integrated into the final product on the final assembly line.
Large production quantities may require multiple assembly lines, in a so-called ‘production plant’. The vehicles must then be assigned to the assembly lines, taking into account existing production constraints. For production planning and control, this results in the task of controlling the sequence and utilization of the assembly lines as part of the planning, so that the deployment of employees and production resources through leveling is as optimal as possible.
The greater the differences in the equipment of the car models, the more difficult and inefficient production on a fixed assembly line becomes. As an alternative to the assembly line, Audi announced in November 2016 that it would pack the bodies on transport carts, which, depending on the workload, would have to autonomously approach the different production islands for the required assembly steps. This involves group assembly.
Group assembly: what is it?
The term group assembly (German article) stands for a kind of production process and describes the spatial arrangement of the machines in a production facility. Often it is not possible to manufacture a product only in power production. Therefore, in practice, combinations of different production processes are increasingly being applied, whereby a group of employees is given responsibility for the production of a product, assembly or family of parts.
All workstations and machines required for production are combined into a production group, in which the employees take on the management and organization of the production. This is called a ‘production island’. The subsequent amalgamation of the individual products of the production groups results in the complete product.
This ‘production island’ fits in with the idea of a humane workplace, because the individual employees follow the entire production process. The motivation of the staff is increased by having them work in different, changing functions. In addition, this way of production strengthens personal responsibility and leads to an increase in quality. In addition to high technical qualifications, it also requires communication and team skills on the part of employees. However, the issue of fair wages within the group and the psychological pressure on individual group members can cause problems.
In assembly, three techniques (German article) come together: internal transport via coupling systems, infeed technology and handling technology.
Internal transport via coupling systems
Coupling systems are used for automatic transport between individual stations within a transfer system. Coupling systems are special transport systems in which the workpieces are transported on workpiece carriers and secured with workpiece holders. Connecting systems thus enable the orderly assembly of the workpieces, the exact positioning and the introduction of forces into the process stations.
A fundamental distinction is made between rigid and loose links. Rigid links are used to transport parts on workpiece carriers from station to station in a fixed cycle. These include rotary indexing tables and linear cycle coupling systems with a rigid cycle.
In the case of transfer systems for workpiece carriers with loose coupling, the connection between the motion of the conveyor line and the workpiece carrier is established by static friction. The workpiece carriers have free circulation and can be stored. Longitudinal transfer systems with fast feed enable a mixed form with a rigid interconnection within the processing stations and with free circulation between the stations. Furthermore, robots of different types can also be used as connecting devices between processing stations.
With rigid couplings, all workpiece carriers are coupled at fixed distances, guided in a closed circuit and centrally driven. Therefore, all workpiece carriers are moved synchronously. Rigid couplings allow high cycle speeds and precise positioning in the machining stations with direct force application, but do not provide flexibility with regard to material flow. Any interference causes the entire coupled line to come to a standstill.
Infeed technology
Feeding systems are used for automated storage and orderly entry of workpieces. A distinction is made between ordered and unordered supply.
Most infeed systems are used to feed unordered parts in bulk. Basically, there are workpiece-specific bulk feeders with sorting by mechanical bulkheads or systems that are flexibly programmable for a certain range of parts and based on image processing systems. Infeed technology includes systems and devices for storing, organizing, transporting, separating and assigning workpieces.
Handling technology
‘Assembly handling modules’, also called ‘pick & place units’ or ‘handling modules’, are universally applicable standardized handling systems for holding grippers and tools. They have been specially developed for integration in automatic assembly systems. These are mainly two-axis systems for handling in the XZ direction. This also includes lifting / rotating units and slewing units, as well as individual horizontal and vertical axes for setting up pick & place systems.
Assembly handling modules are typically designed for shorter routes and for low load handling. The cantilever design is sufficient for short distances on the X-axis; the gantry design is also used for longer distances.
Depending on the type of drive, the handling modules have a fixed sequence of movements or freely programmable mobility. With the mechanical cam control, fixed motion sequences at high speeds can be implemented. For simpler applications, pneumatic actuators can be used, which are usually positioned against fixed stops.
Freely programmed handling modules are usually driven by electric motors via a power transmission with toothed belts or spindles. Direct drives with linear motors are also used.
The market is increasingly demanding partnerships and added value, as we can see from the success of Multifix Assembly. This development also fits in well with what we at Multifix have defined as our strategy. Our ideal customers are OEMs with their own products, who are looking for a specialist who is good at combining metal, plastics and electronics. An example is Ventura, click here to read their story.
At Multifix Assembly we take over the supply chain from the customer, we buy the single components for them. Ultimately, we also stock the products, the financial risks are with us. We also do a final check after assembly. The customer only has to buy the article, they don’t have to worry about it.
If a customer is interested in outsourcing the assembly, we first look at how they make the product or have it made. We discuss where we are allowed to buy; sometimes they still have ongoing contracts with other suppliers. Then we apply for the products within our international network, from the Netherlands to China. In this way we check the entire bill of materials, also in the field of electronics. On the basis of a calculation sheet, we calculate what the entire parts list costs us.
There are roughly three processes in assembly by Multifix:
1 The customer delivers first, we do the assembly;
2 We take over the work of existing suppliers, or stocks from the customer;
3 We purchase on the basis of samples from the customer, in our network in China for example. But if a customer has good suppliers, we also make use of them.
The goal is to eventually take care of the complete supply chain.
Interested in assembly at Multifix? Click here. |
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Sickly Sweet: Prof Explains Sugar's Impact on Health
Asst. Prof. Sabrina Noel Offers Guidance on Managing Sugar Consumption
Foods that contain sugar salad dressing, ketchup, baked beans
Consumers may not realize that sugar is in more foods than cakes and cookies. Food manufacturers add sugar to salad dressings, pasta sauces, yogurt, ketchup, baked beans and other packaged foods.
By Karen Angelo
Sugar. Some people crave it. Others call it the “new tobacco” because of the host of health problems it can trigger.
Asst. Prof. Sabrina Noel of the Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences studies the relationship between overall dietary quality and chronic diseases. With her research, she seeks to gain a deeper understanding of how nutrients and foods, including sugar, work together to affect health.
She fielded questions about how much sugar in the diet is too much, deciphering food labels and identifying healthier options for satisfying a sweet tooth.
Q. What is the difference between added sugars and natural sugars?
A. Studies over the past several decades indicate that Americans are eating and drinking too many foods that are high in added sugars.
Manufacturers add sugars and syrups to foods and beverage for taste, to improve color and flavor, for texture, for fermentation and to extend shelf life. Natural sugars are naturally occurring sugars in foods, such as fructose in fruits and lactose in milk. Sure, if you were to isolate added sugar and natural sugar, your body will process them in a similar way. However, naturally occurring sugars that are often found in foods like fruits also contain important nutrients that will affect how your body metabolizes or processes the natural sugar.
For example, the protein in milk and yogurt slows down the digestion of the natural sugar, lactose. This helps to prevent a high spike in your blood sugar, so you shouldn’t stop eating foods that contain natural sugars.
Added sugars typically add calories to your diet, but very few other nutrients. Excessive added sugar intake has been linked with weight gain and the development of chronic health conditions, such as diabetes and heart disease.
Q. How much sugar is recommended per day?
A. The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans published by the federal government recommend consuming no more than 10 percent of your total calories from added sugars, which is less than 200 calories, or 12 teaspoons, for a 2,000-calorie diet. This is based on the fact that it is hard for people to meet their nutritional needs if they consume more added sugar than 10 percent of total daily calories.
The American Heart Association provides stricter daily recommendations, with no more than six teaspoons (25 grams or 100 calories) for most American women and nine teaspoons (38 grams or 150 calories) for most American men.
To give you an idea of how fast you can reach this limit, a breakfast bar made with real fruit and whole grains lists 15 grams of sugar. A 12-ounce can of Coke has 39 grams of sugar. Not to be outdone, a glass of grape juice contains 58 grams of sugar.
Also take note of serving sizes. The grams of sugar could be for 10 crackers or one-quarter cup of ice cream.
Q. What are the different names for sugars on food labels?
A. There are so many different names for added sugars in foods and beverages. On the ingredients list, you may see names like corn sweetener, high-fructose corn syrup, honey, raw sugar, sucrose, invert sugar, malt sugar, dextrose, fructose, maltose, brown rice syrup, molasses, cane juice and rice malt syrup.
The good news is that the FDA announced new label requirements in 2016, which will take effect in 2020 and 2021, to make it easier for consumers to make food choices. We are already seeing “added sugars” on the labels of packaged foods in grams and as a Percent Daily Value of one serving of food. The goal is to help people be aware and make decisions about how much added sugar they are consuming.
UMass Lowell Asst. Prof. Sabrina Noel shines a light on added sugar in foods that could be sabotaging diets.
Q. What foods do you think people will be surprised to learn contain sugar?
A. Sugar is in a lot more foods and beverages than cakes, cookies and sodas. Manufacturers add sugar to many processed foods, such as crackers, cereal, canned soups, ketchup, fruit yogurts, spaghetti sauce, tomato sauce, granola, yogurt, beverages, protein bars, bagels, bread, salad dressings, marinades, sports drinks, baked beans, peanut butter and other nut butters.
Q. What is a consumer’s best defense against unwittingly eating too much sugar?
A. There are many things we can do to cut down and keep tabs on our added sugar intake. For processed foods, read the labels to understand the grams of added sugar per serving and compare amounts of added sugars across products. You can start by decreasing the amount of sugar you add to foods like cereals, oatmeal, coffee and tea. Consider making your own snacks. For example, rather than purchasing yogurt with fruit mixed in, buy plain yogurt and add fresh fruit. This can also be a way to naturally sweeten cereals. Cut down on sweetened beverages and drink fruit or herb-infused water. You can easily make this by throwing in fruits like berries, lemons or even mint with your water. Make your own salad dressings and use spices like cinnamon and nutmeg to flavor your foods.
Q. What is the scoop on stevia and agave? Are they healthy alternatives to sugar?
Agave is made from a cactus-like plant that is processed in such a way that it forms a syrup high in fructose that contributes calories similar to high-fructose corn syrup. Because agave is comprised mostly of fructose, it does not increase blood sugar as quickly as a food high in glucose; however, over the long term, if it is consumed in large amounts, it can contribute to insulin resistance. This means that your body doesn’t use the glucose from your blood like it is supposed to, causing blood sugar to rise and possibly increasing blood triglycerides. So moderation is key with agave.
Stevia is a sugar substitute that comes from the stevia plant leaves and is essentially considered to provide zero calories. The extract of the stevia plant, which is used to sweeten products, is generally considered safe for use in food by the Food and Drug Administration. There is little known on the long-term impacts of stevia on health. More research is needed. |
What is the Difference between Health Insurance and Medical Insurance?
Many times, People use the terms Health Insurance and Medical Insurance interchangeably. It is because they do not know that both terms hold significant differences. Let us try and understand the difference between Health Insurance and Medical Insurance.
Health Insurance
Health Insurance is a type of insurance that covers the monetary expenses of an insurer in case of her/him getting sick, injured or hospitalized. Having a Health Insurance ensures that the insurance company bears the entire or partial risk or cost, as per the policy, if an when the insurer meets with an illness or accident and requires medical and surgical procedures.
In many cases, insurance companies have tie-ups with hospitals that enable direct payment to the hospital. In case there is no tie-up, the insurance company reimburses the insurer for the expenses.
Health insurance not only covers your medical expenses but also compensates the income earners for the loss in working time arising out of illness and accidents.
Health Insurance encompasses cashless payment in case of a tie-up hospital, pre and post-hospitalization costs, conveyance or ambulance costs, Medical tests and checkups.
Medical Insurance
Medical Insurance is a type of insurance that compensates for hospital expenses related only to the treatment of a specified accident or injury. Medical Insurance is a part of Health Insurance.
Health Insurance Vs Medical Insurance
1. Health Insurance is a comprehensive plan that covers pre and post-hospitalization charges, transportation or ambulance costs, medical tests and check-ups whereas Medical Insurance covers only the hospital charges associated with the accident.
2. Health Insurance compensates for the insurer’s loss in income as compared to the Medical Insurance which does not.
3. For claiming Health Insurance benefits no hospital bills are required to be submitted to the insurance company. Hospital bills, receipts and medical reports are required to assert medical insurance benefits.
4. Health Insurance policy covers add-ons for the medical treatment of diabetes, hypertension and also maternity and daycare. Medical Insurance does not provide for any add-ons.
5. In Mediclaim, one can claim under the policy until the insured has exhausted the sum assured limit. In health insurance, if the insured dies or gets disabled then a lump sum amount would be paid and also the policy would expire.
6. The limit of the sum assured is comparatively lesser for medical insurance than health insurance.
7. Health insurance policies are flexible with coverage options, duration, the sum assured, add-ons, etc at the choice of the insured.
The premium payment in both the categories of insurance depends upon certain variables like the age of the insured, the sum assured geographical areas, etc. If you are young and fit with no medical history then it is advisable to take a Medical Insurance over health insurance. Also, it would lead to lower premium payments. As a cheap option for medical emergencies, mediclaim is a reliable option to choose from. If you are trying to find a comprehensive plan with increased coverage options then health insurance is for you.
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By Ravish Patel
What do the slinky, chocolate-chip cookies, fireworks, and the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) all have in common? They were all discovered by accident! It’s hard to think that a medical procedure with such a long name could have been discovered by accident, but sometimes accidents result in some of the best discoveries, such as TIPS (and of course, chocolate chip cookies!).1
The year was 1968. Dr. Josef Rösch was a visiting radiologist at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he was performing procedures on canines. He was performing a procedure called a diagnostic transjugular cholangiography, in which the physician drives a catheter and needle from the hepatic vein (see image, light blue) through the liver and into the bile ducts (see image, green). This allowed him to fill the bile ducts with dye which could be visualized on x-ray to see if there was an obstruction or abnormality of the bile ducts.2
During these procedures, the needle would accidentally sometimes enter the portal vein (see image, dark blue) instead of the bile duct.3 While this isn’t what Dr. Rösch had originally intended, this accident eventually led to the invention of the TIPS procedure. He kept in mind what Charles Dotter, one of his mentors who is widely considered the father of interventional radiology, had told him: to always think about potential interventional treatment during diagnostic procedures. With this in mind, Dr. Rösch realized the treatment potential for a connection between the hepatic and portal veins that bypassed the liver.
Patients with liver disease whose portal veins had a hard time draining into the hepatic veins were ideal candidates for such a procedure. Bypassing the diseased liver allowed these patients to reduce the backup in the portal vein and decreased their risk of bleeding in other places, which was a major source of death for these patients.
The original TIPS design has been revised multiple times to culminate in the TIPS procedure of today. Since then, metal stents have been used to open the tunnel between the two vessels. Today, we have stents covered in a chemical that helps keep the lumen patent since the original ones had difficulty staying open for longer than two weeks. This procedure goes to show that keeping an open eye can birth innovation from accident.
1. Krueger A. 15 Life-Changing Inventions That Were Created By Mistake. Business Insider. Published November 16, 2010. Accessed July 28, 2020.
2. Rösch J. Development of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015;26(2):220-222. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2014.11.011
3. Portal Vein and Hepatic Vein in Liver. Anatomy Note. Published August 11, 2019. Accessed July 28, 2020. |
Technology has changed how the world works, from communication in your personal life to how businesses are run. Technology has shown the importance of acquiring digital skills. This isn't only important for adults who are working in a digital world; it's vital for children as well. Teaching the South African youth digital literacy is an effective way of tackling youth unemployment in our country. Technology may have its disadvantages, especially when it comes to children; however, its advantages can be worthwhile for a child growing up in a digital economy. Because of digital transformation, traditional literacy is no longer enough. The youth need to be able to navigate, find employment or create work for themselves in a digital space. That requires young people to have the appropriate digital skills to be able to make something out of their lives. Read below to know which digital skills are crucial in the fourth industrial revolution.
Computer literacy
Before the youth get into digital skills development, they need computer literacy skills. To empower the younger generation, digital literacy should be made a priority. Many children, especially those who come from disadvantaged backgrounds and cannot afford to go to a school that offers computer literacy, fall behind. Youth empowerment cannot happen without it being made a priority and part of a curriculum. This will ensure that all young people can have the digital tools they need to better themselves. By making it a priority, it will ensure the youth is comfortable and knows their way around computer systems; word processing, database software, internet norms and any other form of digital communication. In turn, the youth will be able to grow their knowledge with more technical skills.
Digital marketing
The fourth industrial revolution has changed everything, and people have adapted to a digital world. Almost everything is sold online, and because there is a large online presence, many companies look into digital marketing to build their brand’s awareness. Digital marketing is an effective career choice that can help bring employment to the youth. The youth needs to acquire skills in content marketing, SEO, paid advertising, social media marketing, and user experience design (UX). Those are fields which will grow in the coming years and acquiring skills in those areas can help with South Africa’s youth unemployment rate. Because of digital transformation, digital marketing is here to stay, so it would be beneficial to the youth to venture into those career fields.
Programming and web development
Programming will always be needed when it comes to technology, and it is a lucrative career. Having skills in Bootstrap, jQuery, Angular, Code Igniter, JavaScript, and MySQL will ensure the youth can secure their future, and can even help create more locally owned businesses. Businesses are constantly looking for programmers, web and app developers. This allows the youth to become self-employed, which in turn creates more jobs. When it comes to programming, there are online courses to learn for those who cannot afford tertiary education. These courses then close the gap as the youth will be able to acquire skills regardless of their financial situation.
Business intelligence and analytics
There has been an increased demand for data science professionals as businesses continue to grow in the online space. Business intelligence will help businesses capture important information about their clients, customers and market; helping them to create insights that will help their company. Having skills in data science and data analytics can help employ youth now and in the future.
Cloud specialist
Technology is a powerful tool with both its advantages and disadvantages. That being said, now more than ever, companies need to combat the threat of cybercrime, and this is where cloud specialists are needed. According to the Cloud Africa 2019 report, nine out of 10 companies have increased their spending on cloud computing. This shows an employment opportunity for the youth as it is reported that there will be significant growth in the next two years as well.
Final thoughts
There is still a long way to go when it comes to growing the digital economy in South Africa. However, technology is ever-changing, and the fourth industrial revolution requires the youth to have the necessary digital skills. For there to be an improvement in the youth unemployment rate, digital skills need to become a priority in South Africa. By making digital skills a priority, this ensures youth development jobs for the youth of today, and those of the future is possible. Digital revolution is already happening with various businesses regardless of the industry, and it is, therefore, crucial that the youth is equipped with the skills to make a living in the digital age. |
大学英语听力第四册 lesson 16
PART A Micro-Listening
1. W: Are we going to have the swimming competition at the school swimming pool today?
M: It will be held at the sports center because it's raining so hard.
Q : What do we learn from the conversation?
2. W: Have you finished your paper?
M: Not yet. I keep rewriting it and I really don't know when I can finish it.
Q : What do you learn about the man?
3. M: Is Helen ready to leave for her trip to Europe?
W: She is busy packing now. Her suitcase is so full that it won't shut.
Q : What's Helen's problem?
4. M: Did you watch the eight o'clock news program last night?
W: I couldn't because I had an appointment with Professor Li then.
Q : Why did the woman miss the news program?
5. W: I thought you were going out to dinner.
M: I was, but the party was postponed1 because Michael's wife Sue2 came down with a fever.
Q : Why was the party postponed?
6. M: It's so crowded here that I can hardly see a thing.
W: I don't understand why they didn't have this show in a bigger theater, do you?
Q : Why is the man complaining?
7. M : Would you come to the beach with me if it doesn't rain?
W: No. It's very hot out there and I burn easily.
Q : Why won't the woman go to the beach?
8. M: Have you found an apartment yet?
W: No. We need such a large space that all the apartments we've seen are not big enough.
Q : Why is the woman having trouble finding3 an apartment?
9. M: Do you take cream and sugar in your coffee?
W: I've had enough sugar today, so just black.
Q : What does the woman want in her coffee?
10. W: Carol made up for the time she missed by working overtime4.
M: Oh, that's why she was working in the weekend shift5.
Q: What did Carol do?
PART B Macro-Listening
Passage I
Great American Drinks
The French are famous for their wines. The German are famous for their beers. And the Americans are famous for their carbonated drinks. For example, Colas, the country's most popular carbonated drinks, are available in almost every part of the world.
Carbonated drinks, also known as soft drinks, are called 'pop' in some parts of the United States. In other sections of the, country, people call them 'soda6' Nowadays, the bottle cap doesn't make a popping sound when you open the bottle. The drink doesn't have any soda in it. There are still bubbles7 but it is the carbon dioxide (CO2) that makes the bubbles. Nevertheless, the old-fashioned8 names 'pop' and 'soda' are popular.
What is a carbonated drink? It's mostly sugar and flavoring9. Most Cola companies keep their exact recipes a secret, but everyone knows that the Cola flavoring comes from coca leaves. Cocaine10, an illegal and dangerous drug, comes from the same plant, so the government watches the extraction process very carefully.
Americans are heavy drinkers of carbonated drinks. You can find these drinks everywhere in the country -- in supermarkets, gas stations, schools, movie theaters, fast food restaurants, bars, and even elegant11 restaurants. You can also find Americans go with a can of, say, Coca-Cola at any time and on any occasion12 at classes, at meetings, at meals, and at sports games. Carbonated drinks have become part of life of most Americans.
Today, the average American drinks about 300 bottles of pop each year. Profits within the soft drinks industry are huge. The Coca-Cola Company is the biggest soft drink company in the world. In a recent year, its profits were over $ 400 million. Other huge soft drink companies -- Pepsi and 7-Up, for example ---also make millions of dollars each year.
Passage 2
What Kinds of Food Do People Need?
Scientists have learned13 a great deal about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. What are these classes of food? They are 1) green vegetables of all kinds, such as string beans, peas, lettuces14, and cabbages; 2) fruits, such as apples, peaches and bananas; 3) other vegetables, examples of these are beets15, onions, carrots, tomatoes and so on; 4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; 5) milk and food made from milk, such as butter, cheese and ice cream; 6) bread or cereal16. Rice is also in this class of food.
People in different countries and different areas of the world eat different kinds of things. Scientists say that none of these differences are really important. It doesn't matter whether food is eaten raw or cooked, canned or frozen17. It doesn't matter if a person eats dinner at four o'clock in the afternoon or at eleven o'clock at night. The important thing, they say, is that every day a person should eat something from each of these kinds of food.
There are two problems, then, in feeding the ever-increasing number of people on earth. The first is to find some way to feed the world population so that no one is hungry. The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.
1 postponed 9dc016075e0da542aaa70e9f01bf4ab1
vt.& vi.延期，缓办，（使）延迟vt.把…放在次要地位；[语]把…放在后面（或句尾）vi.（疟疾等）延缓发作（或复发）
• The trial was postponed indefinitely. 审讯无限期延迟。
• The game has already been postponed three times. 这场比赛已经三度延期了。
2 sue PUAzm
• If you don't pay me the money,I'll sue you.如果你不付给我钱，我就告你。
• The war criminals sue for peace.战犯求和。
3 finding 5tAzVe
4 overtime aKqxn
• They are working overtime to finish the work.为了完成任务他们正在加班加点地工作。
• He was paid for the overtime he worked.他领到了加班费。
5 shift 4yAwt
• Lend me a hand to shift this box,will you?来帮一下忙，把这箱子搬开，好吗？
• A sudden shift in the wind warned of the coming storm.风向的突然改变预示暴风雨来临。
6 soda cr3ye
• She doesn't enjoy drinking chocolate soda.她不喜欢喝巧克力汽水。
• I will freshen your drink with more soda and ice cubes.我给你的饮料重加一些苏打水和冰块。
7 bubbles fe75bd065ff48b91c35fe8ff842f986c
泡( bubble的名词复数 )； 泡影； 肥皂泡； （欲表达的）一点感情
• Bubbles are rising from the bottom of the boiling water. 水泡从沸水的底部升到水面。
• The incorporation of air bubbles in the glass spoiled it. 玻璃含有气泡，使它质量降低。
8 old-fashioned FmIzps
• Why do you still dress in an old-fashioned mode?你为什么还穿款式陈旧的衣服？
• Here is an old-fashioned pump for drawing water from a well.这里有一个旧式水泵可从井里抽水。
9 flavoring es5zvc
n.调味品，调味料v.给…调味( flavor的现在分词 )；给…增添风趣
• Add a spoonful of banana flavoring. 加一匙香蕉调料。 来自辞典例句
• A soft, rich candy made of sugar, milk, butter and flavoring. 软糖或水果、坚果通常做夹心的糖果，外面包有一层巧克力。 来自互联网
10 cocaine VbYy4
• That young man is a cocaine addict.那个年轻人吸食可卡因成瘾。
• Don't have cocaine abusively.不可滥服古柯碱。
11 elegant UjOzi
• She was an elegant and accomplished woman.她是位优雅的才女。
• She has a life of elegant ease.她过着风雅悠闲的生活。
12 occasion DIAxo
• Her dress was too showy for such a formal occasion.在如此正式的场合，她的服装过分华丽了。
• Her tears were fought back on such an occasion.在这种场合下她忍住了眼泪。
13 learned m1oxn
• He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
• In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。
14 lettuces 36ffcdaf031f1bb6733a3cbf66f68f44
n.莴苣，生菜（ lettuce的名词复数 ）；生菜叶
• My lettuces have gone to seed. 我种的莴苣已结子。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Are these lettuces home-grown or did you buy them in the market? 这些生菜是自家种的呢，还是你在市场上买的？ 来自辞典例句
15 beets 88b1e961db3387e932ee94bcb085128f
甜菜( beet的名词复数 )； 甜菜根； （因愤怒、难堪或觉得热而）脸红
• Beets are Hank's favorite vegetable. 甜菜根是汉克最爱吃的蔬菜。
• In this enlargement, barley, alfalfa, and sugar beets can be differentiated. 在这张放大的照片上，大麦，苜蓿和甜菜都能被区分开。
16 cereal Wrzz1
• I have hot cereal every day for breakfast.我每天早餐吃热麦片粥。
• Soybeans are handled differently from cereal grains.大豆的加工处理与谷类的加工处理不同。
17 frozen 2sVz6q
• He was frozen to death on a snowing night.在一个风雪的晚上，他被冻死了。
• The weather is cold and the ground is frozen.天寒地冻。
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Top Math Tips Guide!
Understanding mathematical principles are not only going to enhance your capability to learn math, it will enhance your performance on math tests. Our strategies supply you with the tools you will need to problem-solve as a business professional! Keep asking until you’re not clear concerning the concepts or topics you’re working on.
Students’ learning styles have to be acknowledged through the progression of strategies that compensate for their unique difficulties. The best thing about math is that all of the concepts remain the exact same but only their application keeps changing. Plugging values into a formula is a simple method to pick up marks, so be sure you don’t lose out due to absence of knowledge.
coursework help online
The Good, the Bad and Math Tips
Since a lot of the material on the exam is disparate in nature it’s important that students have a very clear study plan when they begin getting ready for the math part of the CAHSEE. Help students concentrate on the deeper degree of the maths ideas, with the help of the materials. Teachers often have a challenging time with kids to truly sit down and study their Math lessons.
Pass the California Basic Educational Skills test in one shot and ENJOY the job that you’ve always imagined! Teaching another person is the fastest way to learn or solidify information. Registration is demanded.
These problems can be particularly tricky and need a lot of thought.–20190208092727.html There’s a significant difference between a 32 and a 34, largely as it’s simple to find a 32 (and much more applicants do) and a ton more difficult to find a 34. Although there’s no one right method to study math, the following are some of the main things, tips and study skills you should know to be able to succeed in math.
The Downside Risk of Math Tips
Mathematics has specific terminology with plenty of vocabulary. Homework isn’t assigned to you because it is necessary to acquire the correct answers. Math is a rather sequential subject.
Below are a couple quick and useful methods and formulas to improve your GAMSAT Maths techniques. Symbols are often explained when they’re first introduced. The suggestions above will help you along in your math studies, and provide you confidence.
The Math Tips Trap
Hope that you’re clear about the conditions of polynomials. Polynomials are crucial as they’re employed in calculus, in science, economics and in many different areas. They are very very important to understand to be successful in algebra.
For example, if you’re not positive in case you ought to be dividing or multiplying, try out the process each way with regular numbers. How the tips are split varies and there’s a formula for every sort of scenario. You can pick the jumping method to achieve your math destination or you may use right and proven path to attain your math destination.
The Most Popular Math Tips
Avoid studying whenever you’re hungry, and always think of what failure would mean to you. Mathematicians developed the idea of the negative numbers to manage the problems you read in above examples.
Begin the homework no less than a day or two before it’s due to be sure that you are able to give each problem your very best effort. When it has to do with mathematical problems, an individual needs to keep a calm approach when solving some mathematical questions. An individual who learns to use mental math effectively is quite not likely to quit using it, since it is extremely convenient in everyday conditions.
The Benefits of Math Tips
It will cause you to feel a bit better and supply you with more time for the challenging questions. In such questions, it’s important to bear in mind that the very best answer isn’t necessarily the only correct answer.
If do not have any clue where to begin, still make an effort to work out the issue. Because when it has to do with the mathematical problem, it’s better if an individual identifies the origin of the problem unless just the solution. Rather than being stuck in writing down the issue, attempt to go together with a teacher with solving the issue.
Whispered Math Tips Secrets
If you want to find out more about this, take a look at my earlier articles on using the ability of 10% to assist you calculate tips and sales prices. All the blend mode math occurs in the little range between 0 and 1. You’ve already crossed their score threshold, and whether you become in now is dependent upon the remainder of your application.
Facts, Fiction and Math Tips
Each exam in the CSET contains lots of subtests and lasts as many as five hours. In the last-minute rush to complete the test, it’s much easier to pick the incorrect answer. Also, there’s no way to get ready for a math test the evening before.
Multiplying big numbers can be a little tough not just for kids, but it’s not possible for adults too. An effective memory will be able to help you succeed in school, in your work, and in life. Request help should you need it.
The Upside to Math Tips
Students roll a dice and after that double their number to put in a counter to the board. If you’re taking the paper edition of the ASVAB, it’s also advisable to leave sufficient time at the close of the subtest to inspect and be certain you’ve marked your answer sheet correctly. In the exam you should check that you’re given the right paper, that you understand how many questions you need to answer on such a paper and how much time you’ve got to do it.
Think about just what the author is attempting to say. The website makes extensive usage of Flash technology to produce the games. These videos can teach you a lot and will begin to provide you with an idea about what will be required of you once you get to college.
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Nature versus nurture in call of
Regression to mediocrity[ edit ] Galton was the first to describe and explain the common phenomenon of regression toward the meanwhich he first observed in his experiments on the size of the seeds of successive generations of sweet peas.
The end result is that immune-system-related-conditions are really discordant across identical twins. Thus, the survey comparisons are limited to the two race or ethnic groups comprising the bulk of the modern immigration wave.
This exhibition placed much emphasis on highlighting Victorian developments in sanitation and public health, and allowed the nation to display its advanced public health outreach, compared to other countries at the time. Galton's aunt Mary Anne Galton wrote on aesthetics and religion, and her autobiography detailed the environment of her childhood populated by Lunar Society members.
Can we separate this out in to specific experiences that shape adult traits, like school and summer camp. The difference is in how their beliefs are handled.
Identical twins come from the same zygote, which means they start out with the same genes, but after that all bets are off. Surrealists however, inspired by Freud, saw the unconscious and human flaws as an inherently good thing, since without it life would be boring.
Each of these groups include immigrants from more than a dozen countries, all with unique cultures, characteristics and migration histories. First, they would fill out a form with personal and family history age, birthplace, marital status, residence, and occupationthen visit stations that recorded hair and eye color, followed by the keenness, color-sense, and depth perception of sight.
Peter Neubauer and his Child Development Center, set out to answer the fundamental question of nature vs. Galton [61] developed the following model: Even though enlightenment works address the issue of racism a lot more than romantic ones, there have been some romantic works that address this as well.
For many environmentalists there is a barely disguised right-wing agenda behind the work of the behavioral geneticists. Jesus' obvious lesson is the parable is to present in visual terms the individual responsibility of man to make himself capable of receiving good seed.
This material takes a look at some of Paul's teachings and emphasizes that Paul was led by the Spirit it what he wrote. See More First Known Use of nurture Noun 14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1 Verb 15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1 History and Etymology for nurture Noun Middle English norture, nurture, from Anglo-French nureture, from Late Latin nutritura act of nursing, from Latin nutritus, past participle of nutrire to suckle, nourish — more at nourish Verb.
This study presents some matters that are of great comparative worth. The question this study purports to answer is why is this the case.
This study also addresses how the "holy kiss" is being used to promote something foreign to its original design. You can find arguments for this among both Enlightenment and Romantic schools, though more in the case of the latter.
This study challenges and refutes this modern thinking. Her thesis is absurd on its face, but consider what might happen if parents believe this stuff. This presentation attempts to present the truth about this urgent subject.
Francis Galton
This largely stems from the the mostly French Continental schools of Enlightenment which, unlike British Empiricism, argued on Cartesian ideas of "first principles" i. This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged biologygenetics. Immune reactions and neuroinflammation have been implicated to one degree or another in a lot of psychiatric diseases.
The second generations of these groups are also more likely than the immigrants to say they have friends outside of their ethnic or country of origin group. Galton obtained extensive data from a broad range of biographical sources which he tabulated and compared in various ways.
The union of 43 years proved childless. This sermon examines the one healed leper who returned to give thanks. Example of an introduction for a ‘Nature vs Nurture’ essay The nature versus nurture is a debate that is common to the elements of bringing up and the capabilities passed to the children and what they end up becoming in the future.
including penalties for motherhood, unconducive graduate research environments, lack of recognition, lack of support for leadership bids, fewer promotions and resources, and exclusion of women from the “old boys' club” cultures of science and medicine that nurture the fraternity, networking, and promotion of.
"The Call of the Wild" shows the conflict of nature versus nurture. In order to endure the harsh conditions in "The Call of the Wild", Buck must use his natural instinct to with stand the tasks set before him.
Second-Generation Americans
Nature vs. Nurture. You've all heard the question before. Let's talk about kids for a moment. I grew up believing that human behavior was 20% nature, 80% nurture. Now that I have two boys (4 and 7. The nature versus nurture debate: The nature versus nurture debate was founded by Francis Galton in the 19th century.
It basically states that all of your attributes are either hereditary or environmentally. There are many theories that have challenges the nature versus nurture theory.
For example; some of the theories state that there are different kinds of attributes such as life. Second-Generation Americans.
A Portrait of the Adult Children of Immigrants. Chapter 1: Overview. Second-generation Americans—the 20 million adult U.S.-born children of immigrants—are substantially better off than immigrants themselves on key measures of socioeconomic attainment, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis of U.S.
Census Bureau data.
Nature versus nurture in call of
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Design Technologies
Design and Technology enables students to learn real world skills and knowledge, both in traditional and future technologies. This will equip students with the necessary toolkit to pursue careers in industry through apprenticeships and or university pathways.
In an increasingly technological and complex world, it is important to develop knowledge and confidence to critically analyse and creatively respond to design challenges. Knowledge, understanding and skills involved in the design, development and use of technologies are influenced by and can play a role in enriching and transforming societies and our natural, managed and constructed environments.
Design and Technologies enables students to become creative and responsive designers. When they consider ethical, legal, aesthetic and functional factors and the economic, environmental and social impacts of technological change, and how the choice and use of technologies contributes to a sustainable future, they are developing the knowledge, understanding and skills to become discerning decision-makers.
Design and Technologies actively engages students in creating quality designed solutions for identified needs and opportunities across a range of technologies contexts. Students manage projects independently and collaboratively from conception to realization. They apply design and systems thinking and design processes to investigate ideas, generate and refine ideas, plan, produce and evaluate designed solutions. They develop a sense of pride, satisfaction and enjoyment from their ability to develop innovative designed products, services and environments.
ANZAC Commemorative Service
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Researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles recently discovered a linkage between the memory of middle to older aged adults and their sedentary behaviors, actions that require little energy like sitting or lying down.
They concluded that long periods of sitting, like at a desk chair, affects the specific region of the brain that is involved in creating new memories, the medial temporal lobe. The UCLA researchers closely studied 35 people ages 45 to 75 years old, documenting their physical activity for two weeks prior to and during the study. After the three months of research, they used a high resolution MRI scan and quickly noticed similarities between the thickness of each adult’s medial temporal lobe who spent on average the same amount of hours sitting everyday. The more hours spent sitting, regardless of any physical activity, the more thin the medial temporal lobe. “The participants reported that they spent from 3 to 7 hours, on average, sitting per day. With every hour of sitting each day, there was an observed decrease in brain thickness, according to the study. ”
Even though the findings of this study are preliminary, it suggests that “reducing sedentary behavior may be a possible target for interventions designed to improve brain health in people at risk for Alzheimer’s disease.” Becoming more active is always a great thing, but becoming conscious of how much time you spend being inactive and working to decrease that, could help you out more than you think. There is still more research to be done on this matter but this is a step in the right direction for improving life for those with memory related diseases and improving overall brain health.
To read more check out the full article here!
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Using Our Senses
Herbs are stimulating natural elements used for children’s hands-on learning. Using herbs children have the opportunity to apply their senses to explore not only the properties of the plants, but to understand the richness of the natural and physical world around them. Herbs encompass a multitude of possibilities to the approaches to learning as it relates to science, mathematics, language, and sensory development.
Classroom Setting
Sensory Activity
Focus of Activity:
Activity focused on stimulating senses and cognitive development.
Curricular Areas:
• Creative Expression
• Problem-Solving
• Cognitive Development
• Sensory Stimulation
1. Using ice cube trays encourage children to fill each section with different herbs. Have children fill them with water until the herbs are completely submerged. Encourage children to count out how many herbs they put in each section of the ice trays and/or encourage them to create patterns to enhance their mathematics skills and development.
2. Place tray(s) in freezer or outdoors if temperature permits, allowing tray(s) to freeze completely.
3. Once frozen take ice cubes out of the freezer and place them in plastic bowls filled with water. Invite children to mix different herbs in one bowl or sort herbs together by their plant species.
4. Encourage children to melt iced herbs by rubbing them between their hands.
5. Within a group setting engage in open discussion. Focus questions that encourage math, science, cognitive and language skills.
a. “How cold are the ice cubes?”
b. “Do they have different smells”?
c. “What do you smell?”
• Ice cube trays
• Variety of fragrant herbs
• Bowls
• Water
• Cup or pitcher. |
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Tumors of the nervous system are the group of neoplasms that arise from or metastasize to brain, spinal cord, meninges, or nerves. They include a wide variety of histological types and grades of malignancy as well as genetic heterogeneity. This creates a diagnostic complexity that requires a combined approach to incorporate imaging, histopathology, and genomic methods. Treatment is based on morphologic and, increasingly, molecular data, and often involves a multidisciplinary approach with surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy as well as targeted therapies. In spite of the recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, prognosis of the most common primary neoplasms—high-grade gliomas—remains poor.
Tumors of the nervous system define a large group of neoplasms that arise from the different cell types constituting the central nervous system (CNS; neuroepithelial tumors, pituitary tumors), its covering (meningeal tumors), the peripheral nervous system (nerve sheath tumors), lymphatic or hematopoietic cells, and developmental remnants (germ cell tumors). These primary tumors are outnumbered by nervous system metastases. Tumors are classified by location (supratentorial, infratentorial, and spinal), cell of origin (astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, etc), pathological behavior (high grade, low grade), relation to neural tissue (intra-axial, extra-axial, intradural–extramedullary, intramedullary, etc), and radiological (contrast enhancing, cystic, etc). A combination of classification methods can be used in a comprehensive way of analyzing a CNS tumor and making a decision on how to manage them.
Throughout this chapter, we will be mainly using the World Health Organization (WHO) pathological classification system, which is primarily based on histopathologic appearance, cell types of origin, and growth patterns, but also with constant references to other methods to achieve this comprehensive approach. The WHO grading system by incorporating cell density, infiltrative capacity, number of mitoses, vascular proliferation, and necrosis, creates a scale from I to IV by which the degree of malignancy can be quantified and behavior and therapeutic response can be predicted.1
CASE 44-1
A 69-year-old woman presents with a generalized tonicclonic seizure on a background of significant vascular risk factors and no known epilepsy history. The patient arrives in the emergency department (ED) and is placed in a resuscitation bay. She has one further episode of seizure. An urgent EEG shows generalized suppression as would be expected postictally but also some sharp wave activity in temporal lead derivations. An urgent CT with contrast is performed, which shows a large enhancing lesion in the parieto-temporal junction. She is loaded with phenytoin while waiting for a neurology bed.
Her visibly distressed daughter approaches you at the computer. She has been told that her mother has a tumor in her head. She wants more information regarding what options are available. You explain that after her stabilization she will be transferred to a tertiary referral center with neurosurgical service where therapeutic decision will be made, but you indicate your willingness to give her some general information.
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How to think like a hacker
Contrary to the popular belief, hackers are not always the people who breach website security and steal personal data. The word also refers to the software developers who build revolutionary software by putting together some components in such a way that nobody thought of before. This is why when you hear somebody referring to Mark Zuckerberg as a hacker, this doesn’t necessarily mean that he is out there to steal your data, as many assume. What it means in the context is that he has built the most successful social media network in the world from his university dorms.
What is more interesting, however, is that the hackers think in a particular way and this way of thinking is not only applicable to technology. It can be applied anywhere. Regardless of who you are and what you do, if you learn to think like a hacker, the quality of your life will improve significantly.
This mode of thinking is not exclusively present in those who are traditionally referred to as hackers. Some of the best scientists, artists and other creative individuals have it too. And, at its base, it is quite simple. It is all about thinking out of the box and not accepting the status quo.
This is the core skill that needs to be developed before anything else if one aspires to become a hacker or learn to think like one. This way of thinking is what allows the hackers to use various things for something other than their intended purpose. The rest of the equation, the specialist skills, are much easier to learn.
The convention exploitation of security
The most common way of exploiting security holes in software is to use various accessible components of the said software for something other than these components were intended for. For example, very common ways of exploiting web application is to type text into various text boxes in such a way that it becomes an executable code. This is how, for example, cross-site scripting and SQL Injection work.
Hackers, both cybercriminals and the ones of white-hat variety, keep software developers on their toes. Now, you don’t only have to add all the input controls to your UI as prescribed by requirements, but you also need to think of all the ways your forms may be misused.
Of course, nobody ever intends to build a form that can directly accept the query language that will run in your database. However, if you fail to consider the possibility of someone trying to do it before you build the software, this is exactly what some hacker will do one day. The consequences of such malicious action may be catastrophic.
This is why, to be a good programmer, you need to think like a hacker. Yes, you can learn how to use various advanced technologies effectively. This will allow you to build software that satisfies all of the requirements given to you by project managers and business analysts. And those people who are usually much less tech-savvy than programmers will enthusiastically sign such software off. However, unless you can think of any non-standard ways your software can be used, it will only be a matter of time until somebody will use it as a tool of cybercrime.
There are also some much more benign ways of bypassing various checks on websites and making life more convenient for oneself at the expense of the website’s owner’s revenue. For example, there are online publications that allow you to read a number of articles for free before you have to apply for a paid subscription.
For example, doing as little as clearing your browser’s cookies often give you unlimited access to all of the content. This action is not criminal. However, the developers of the websites who overlooked this are now responsible for loss of some revenue by the publishing company.
This is how revolutionary technologies are built
Although the word “hacker” is often used to describe cybercriminals, this is not what this word originally meant. For a long time, the word for a cybercriminal was “cracker”. Hacker, on the other hand, was somebody who took some existing technology, did something unusual with it and got some amazing results. This is how most of revolutionary technologies are built, so it is safe to say that hackers are largely responsible for technological progress.
Bill Gates bought a widely unknown operating system, QDOS, from a small software house and, after making some changes to it, he has released it as MS-DOS, which quickly became one of the most widely used operating systems at a time.
Elon Musk and the team of his engineers have combined a number of conventional technologies together in a way it has never been done before and this is how they have managed to come up with the world’s firs electric car that actually looks like a car and not a golf cart.
In the world of software development, one of the most used technology of today was born from the process of hacking in the original sense of the world. Traditionally, JavaScript was only used in browsers. However, as a huge ecosystem of reusable JavaScript components was developed over the years, somebody came up with the idea of enabling JavaScript to be used elsewhere. This is how Node.js was born.
While initially dismissed as a stupid way of using JavaScript, Node.js has become one of the most widely used technologies in web development. It’s main library of reusable components, NPM, is now the biggest repository of its kind. Node.js has now entered niches beyond web development and you can even write desktop applications in it.
What made Node.js so popular is significantly simplified way of becoming a full-stack web developer. If, in the past, you had a steep learning curve in front of you, having to learn entirely different languages for each layer of the application stack, with Node.js, you don’t. In the MEAN stack, which stands for MongoDB, Express.js, Angular and Node.js, it’s JavaScript all the way through.
Hack your career like a pro
The key point that defines a hacker is not that he is good with technology, but that he thinks outside of the box and ignores the status quo. This is why there is a term “life hack”, which relies on similar mode of thinking that traditional hackers use, but applies it to a wider context of life.
For example, you may want to become a software developer. The conventional way of achieving this is to do a degree in Computer Science. However, if you start asking questions about why it has to be this way, you will find a much easier, unconventional route.
Why exactly do you need a computer science degree? Because it demonstrates that you know a thing or two about computers. If that’s all it is, how can you demonstrate your skills in a different way that is easier and cheaper? Well, there is nothing that stops you from learning how to program in your own spare time and building a website, a portfolio of repositories on GitHub or some mobile apps.
Congratulations! You have now made yourself desirable to potential employers in the software industry and have completely bypassed the degree stage.
A similar principle applies to salary negotiations. Everybody wants to get paid as much as possible and the accepted convention is that you work in one job, do your job well and wait for your superiors to notice your efforts and get you promoted. Or you can look at the whole employment thing from a free market prospective and treat it no differently from consumer goods market.
If this is how you see the job market, there is nothing that stops you from simply changing your employer for the one that pays you better and treats you better in other ways if your current one doesn’t fully satisfy you.
According to the status quo, you rely on your employer for your professional training. Therefore, your professional growth is usually limited by what your employer thinks your training requirements are. However, if you take a step back and think about it, you will see that there is nothing that stops you from building some advanced professional skills in your own spare time.
If your professional development in a given employment is restricted, this is probably done so your superiors don’t have to promote you. However, if you take the matter into your own hands, you can make yourself promotable. Now, you can either try to negotiate at your current place of work, or just go somewhere else. You have the leverage.
Life hacks help with much more than just the career
All of the examples from the previous section are good life hacks that are applicable to your career. However, there are some other ones that will improve your wider life. One of such thing is a principle know as “The Law of Attraction”.
The proponents of this principle believe that your external reality is a reflection of your dominant mode of thinking. Essentially, any thought about what reality is like sends a signal to the universe and the universe responds by making your personal reality match this thought.
Whether this is true or not is debatable. The modern scientific method is limited in scope and can neither prove nor disprove it. However, there is one aspect of it that definitely works in a way that is confirmed by science. This phenomenon is known as cognitive bias.
More often then not, you will hear people telling you that you need to be aware of your cognitive biases and try your best to eliminate them. However, anyone who will take a step back and carefully think about it will soon realize that, instead of eliminating cognitive biases, you can get them to serve you.
Why would you want to eliminate a particular cognitive bias? Because it prevents you from having a totally objective view of the world. However, the follow-up questions that come from this are why should you want to have a completely objective view of the world and whether it is even possible to achieve it.
It is indeed impossible to see all things from a completely objective perspective. The reality is way too complex and it is impossible to know everything. And neither it is possible to eliminate all of our cognitive biases.
This is why each of us holds a model of the world in the head that abstracts away certain complexities of the reality. And it is not the model that represents the most accurate view of the world that is the best.
Your model of reality is better than someone else’s if it serves you better than theirs serves them. Having exceptionally accurate model of the reality does nothing other than feeding your ego by making you know that you are more knowledgeable than other people.
This is why it sometimes pays to take advantage of your cognitive biases instead of eliminating them. And this is where the Law of Attraction comes into play as a great life hack.
Things are really diverse in any economically developed society with a reasonable degree of economic freedom. There is poverty as well as wealth. Fitness is popular, even though there is also an obesity epidemic. There are places that are totally run down, but there are also ones that are really well developed.
The conscious practice of the Law of Attraction will create some cognitive biases by making you focus on those aspects of reality that you prefer and ignore the ones that you don’t. And if you will keep telling yourself that there are plenty of opportunities around you to have the life you want, you will suddenly start seeing all the different ways to get there. Likewise, you will stop seeing the reasons why you may fail.
Both of those things have always existed in the objective reality. All that happened is that your focus has shifted, so you are only focusing on the things that serve you.
Whether universe really responds to your innermost thoughts, it is up to you to conclude. However, believing so will certainly help.
This is the believe that allowed Conor McGregor to get from abject poverty to being one of the best paid MMA fighters. If you truly believe that you will attract anything you focus on, it will make you put all of required work in order to achieve this.
Working hard is not pleasant by any means (although it is partly due to perception of work that most people got by being socially conditioned to think this way). In itself, hard work is not what people want. They mainly do it because they believe that it will lead to something much more desirable. This is why believing that you can absolutely get anything you want, regardless of your current circumstances, will motivate you to do any necessary action to get there.
Sometimes people who don’t really believe that they can achieve what they want also work hard. However, more often then not, working hard while having this negative attitude yields no positive results and only makes people more resentful.
After all, if you are in this state, you have already programmed your subconscious mind to sabotage your efforts, even when you are doing your best consciously. So, at the end of the day, you aren’t working hard to achieve a great life for yourself, but rather to prove to yourself and to the world that it really cannot be done.
Of course, there are situation where having a cognitive bias related to a particular issue is disadvantageous, but they are probably not as prevalent as some people want you to believe. For example, when your career depends on an objective understanding of a particular area, this is where you should eliminate all cognitive biases related to that area. Another example of a situation where a particular cognitive bias should be eliminated is when your view of the world is hurting yourself or the others around you.
Wrapping up
The way the hackers think can be perfectly summarised in the following statement:
What are the best tools I can use to achieve my intended goal while completely ignoring existing rules and conventions?
This doesn’t apply only to IT. You can vastly improve your quality of life by asking this question with regards to anything in your life.
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What is the difference between "Hz" and "bps"?
What is the difference between "Hz" and "bps"? Is that Hz refers to time domain and bps refers to frequency domain?
The difference between Hz (Herz) and bps (bits per second) is both a simple distinction and a complicated one. So I'll try to keep it on the simple side: Hz applies to a clock frequency that is used to modulate the electrical signal on the wire (assuming copper). The higher the rate of modulation (Hz), the more information that can be transmitted per second. It is fundamental to the operation of the communication interface but it doesn't tell the most useful story. In the early days of modems, the rate of modulation was typically referred to as "baud." Baud used to be synonymous with bps – however encoding techniques have evolved considerably and the relationship has changed. Bps is typically different from the modulation rate and is primarily important with respect to data transfer rates.
This was last published in August 2003
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Killer whales, the signature species of North America’s Pacific Northwest, could soon become extinct as fossil fuel development disturbs their habitat and their primary food sources dwindle.
In 2005, the southern resident killer whale, or orca, which is primarily found in the Salish Sea and the coasts of Washington and Oregon, was listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act.
Now, the population of southern resident killer whales is in even more dire danger.
In March, Washington Governor Jay Inslee's office released a press release stating that the population of the whales in Puget Sound, which is part of the Salish Sea adjacent to the northwestern portion of the US state of Washington, had declined from 98 in 1995 to 76 today. One of the reasons for this stark decline is the decline in salmon populations. Salmon are the whales' primary source of food.
"The diets of southern resident orcas consist largely of Chinook salmon, but the Chinook are listed on federal and state endangered species list. If the Chinook population continues to decline, the southern resident orca population will follow," the March 24 press release states.
In March, Inslee also issued an executive order titled, "Southern Resident Killer Whale Recovery and Task Force," urging state agencies to take action to protect the whales.
"The orca will not survive unless all of us in the state of Washington somehow make a commitment to their survival," Inslee said when signing the order, the New York Times reported Monday."The impacts of letting these two species [the whales and the Chinook salmon] disappear would be felt for generations," he added.
According to a Monday report by the New York Times, the recent agreement between the Canadian government and infrastructure company Kinder Morgan to expand the Trans Mountain Pipeline, which carries crude and refined oil from Alberta to the west coast of British Columbia, Canada, would increase oil tanker traffic through the animal's habitat sevenfold, exposing them to noise and potential oil spills.
According to researchers, ship traffic probably interferes with echolocation, the biological sonar used by animals like whales, dolphins and bats to locate objects by reflected sound, making it more challenging for whales to locate their prey. The additional noise may also cause whales' hearing to be damaged or lost.
"The endangered southern resident killer whale is an icon of the Pacific Northwest. It inspires widespread public interest, curiosity, and awe around the globe. Unfortunately, their population level is the lowest we have seen it in several decades. We study how threats are affecting the whales. Our research informs conservation and management actions to address those threats," Lynne Barre, recovery coordinator for orcas at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries wrote in a February press release.
"Just the presence of boats can cause the whales to spend less time feeding," Barre recently told the New York Times. "And it's harder to communicate. They have to call longer and louder when boats are nearby."
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pollution, salmon, endangered species, Orca, Pacific Northwest, Washington
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CH 15 HW
CP Biology Chapter 15 Review
Sect I: Vocabulary (13 words)
Sect: Key Points
1. Why did Darwin publish his evolutionary hypothesis and not his evolutionary
2. Why is Evolution now properly called a theory?
3. What 3 types of evidence did Darwin collect to support his hypothesis?
4. What did Darwin believe was the reason for the changes in the organisms on the
different Galapagos Islands? What did he call it?
5. How did Hutton’s description of Earth forces support the theory of gradualism?
6. Describe how Lyell’s contribution to the discussion of evolution steered the
development of paleontology.
7. How does the belief in catastrophism differ from that of gradualism?
8. How does Lamark differ in his postulates from that of a person that speaks of
9. What is the “use and disuse” hypothesis? Why is it not possible in terms of our
modern view of heredity?
10. Has Malthus’ prediction of human overpopulation come true? Explain why or
why not.
11. Create a Venn diagram and contrast artificial selection and natural selection.
12. How did Darwin use the practice of artificial selection to later support his idea of
natural selection?
13. What did Darwin mean when he coined the phrase “survival of the fittest”
14. Relate the following terms: fitness, adaptation and natural selection.
15. What are some of the pressures that select for individuals in nature?
16. How does competition lead to natural selection?
17. What is the difference between intra and inter species competition?
18. What is meant by the idea of descent with modification?
19. List 4 pieces of evidence that support the idea of descent with modification
(evolution). Briefly describe each.
20. Explain how organisms that are completely unrelated can have similar physical
Section III: Problems (a:answer form)
Pg. 389 Q:1-10
Pg. 391 Q:1-10 |
A deadly but fairly curable disease
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Globally, cancer remains a serious public health problem affecting millions of men and women. According to GLOBOCAN 2018, an online database of estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in 185 countries compiled by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there were 18.1 million new cancer cases and 9.6 million cancer deaths last year.
What’s more, IARC, a specialized cancer research agency of the World Health Organization, estimated that one in five men and one in six women worldwide would develop cancer during their lifetimes, while one in eight men and one in 11 women would die from it.
“The increasing cancer burden is due to several factors, including population growth and aging as well as the changing prevalence of certain causes of cancer linked to social and economic development. This is particularly true in rapidly growing economies, where a shift is observed from cancers related to poverty and infections to cancers associated with lifestyles more typical of industrialized countries,” the agency said in a press release.
Cancers of the lung, female breast and colorectum (colon and rectum) were the top three cancer types in terms of incidence. In terms of the number of deaths caused, the leading types were lung cancer (responsible for 1.8 million deaths or 18.4% of the total), colorectal cancer (881,000 deaths or 9.2%) and stomach cancer (783,000 deaths).
In the Philippines, cancer is also a major issue not only because it affects and kills many people but also because treating it can be prohibitively expensive. According to the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates, the number of new cancer cases last year in the country reached 141,021. Of these cases, 79,019 involved women of all ages and 62,002 involved men of all ages.
The five most common cancers, regardless of sex and age, were breast (24,798 cases or 17.6% of the total), lung (17,255 or 12.2%), colorectum (15,680 or 11.1%), liver (9,628 or 6.8%), and prostate (7,290 or 5.2%). The cancers that were frequently diagnosed in women in the country were breast, cervix uteri, colorectum, lung and ovary. Meanwhile, cancers of the lung, colorectum, prostate, liver and blood (leukemia) were the most frequently diagnosed in men.
In 2018, it was estimated that 86,337 died from different types of cancer in the country. The three deadliest types were lung (15,454 deaths or 17.9% of the total), liver (9,485 or 11%) and breast (8,057 or 9.3%). The risk of dying from cancer before the age of 75 for both men and women was 10.4%. Men, though, had a higher risk (11.9%) than women (9.1%).
Cancer has many causes, including genetic mutations and risky behaviors like smoking. But there are also viruses that can lead to cancer. Most cases of cervical cancer, for instance, are caused by certain types of the human papillomavirus or HPV, a sexually transmitted viral infection. It’s also widely known that hepatitis B and C viruses can cause liver cancer. (These infections have also been linked to a group of blood cancers called non-Hodgkin lymphoma).
But medical science has made great strides in improving cancer survival rates. Surgery is the main form of treatment for solid cancers, according to Dr. Beatrice J. Tiangco, member of the board of directors of The Medical City and consultant director of Augusto P. Sarmiento Cancer Institute.
Solid cancers are those that involve the organs, such as the liver, lungs and breasts. (For blood cancers like leukemia, chemotherapy, which entails the use of drugs to kill cancerous cells, is one of the primary interventions.)
But treatments may vary depending on how seriously a cancer has grown and spread. According to Dr. Tiangco, if a cancer is in an early stage, it might be better to take the surgical route. But if it’s in an advanced stage, chemotherapy might be employed first to shrink the tumor before it gets surgically removed.
“But how will you remove it if you don’t know you have it? So you undergo screening,” Dr. Tiangco said. Early detection can greatly increase a cancer patient’s chance of survival. “If you’re able to diagnose cancer early while it’s still limited to one organ, and you remove the tumor, you can be cured,” she said.
New forms of treatment have emerged, and one that has been garnering so much attention is immunotherapy. This treatment harnesses the body’s immune system to combat cancer.
Dr. Tiangco emphasized the need to work together with a cancer patient on what should be done — for instance, what particular treatment to pursue — to achieve cure or at least extend life.
There are also steps one can take to reduce the risk of developing cancer. Dr. Tiangco suggests getting a vaccine for hepatitis B (for both males and females) and for HPV (for females). “Don’t smoke, don’t even start. You can drink alcohol but in moderation. Be fit. Exercise regularly, three to five times a week, for 60 to 90 minutes. These are things that anyone can do for free,” she added. |
Negotiation and Mediation
The vast majority of people will choose to settle their differences through negotiation or settlement meetings. That way, the parties have a level of control over the decisions that are made. If the claim is settled then the parties do not have to go to trial. Settlement discussions can be held at any time during the process; as long as both parties agree to do so.
A process by which people in situations of potential conflict attempt to resolve their differences and reach a mutually acceptable agreement. Neutral third parties, or mediators, can often help the parties retain a focus on the problems to be solved and possible solutions, rather than on areas of personal disagreement.
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Do our dogs feel guilt?
I have heard this saying a million times, “My dog knows what it did wrong.” Many dog owners have told me, “My dog knows better than to not (insert behavior here),” or “When I come home I can tell Nala did this because she is acting guilty.” I am here to inform you about dogs learning styles and a few other things to show you that dogs do not “know better” and to explain WHY they aren’t acting “guilty.”
Looking at recent research in dog psychology, psychologists believe that dogs DO NOT have the mental capacity to understand guilt. Guilt is a complex emotion and is not even believed to be experienced in toddlers until years 3 or 4. To feel “guilt” one must understand the sense of self and to be able to cognitively think about third parties. It is not believed at this time that dogs have the ability to do this.
Think about the common descriptions of guilt in dogs: avoiding eye contact, running away, hiding, head hanging, tucked tail, etc. All of these examples are also signs of fear and/or submissive behavior. All of the “signs” of guilt are the same as a fear response or submission.
Association is one specific way dogs learn. A loud noise followed by pain would lead to a negative association with loud noises and a fear response and this is where people start to think that there dog is being guilty. The dog pairs an action with being scolded or punished, BUT the dog does not pair the act of DOING (something) with being bad.
Let’s look at some examples.
Example 1: Samantha came home and the trash is scattered throughout her house, she scolded, and punished the dog.
Fast forward to another occurrence, Samantha arrives home and finds the trash tipped over again, and her dog looks “Guilty.” This is an example of pairing a situation (trash can is tipped over) with a response (bad).
THIS IS THE MAIN POINT: The trash can being tipped over in addition to you arriving home is why your dog is showing a fear response. NOT the act of tipping over the trash can.
THE DAY AFTER THE DOG LOOKS GUILTY: The previous day Samantha saw her dog looking guilty and the trash was everywhere. Samantha comes home today with the expectation that the trash will be tipped over but when she opens the door she sees her dog and he looks “guilty,” yet the trash is not tipped over.
WHY? Dogs communicate mainly by body language (sight) and they can hear and smell from lengthy distances away. Anger or nervousness in humans sometimes creates sweaty palms and heavier breathing, in addition to other signs. Whenever we as humans express different emotions our body’s change and dogs can sense these changes and they react accordingly.
Additionally, coming home and finding the trash can tipped over, the dog senses and understands your anger and dismay, then act “guilty.”
Example 2: Your puppy poops on the carpet while you are away and you walk through the door, see the poop, then scold the puppy.
The puppy has learned that the poop on the floor + owner is home = BAD. The puppy has NOT learned that the ACT of pooping inside is bad.
Try this: If your dog does “bad things” whiles you are away, do not get mad or upset rather, be overly happy and enthusiastic. You will begin to notice that your dog will not seem “guilty” for very long because you are changing the response.
IN CONCLUSION, there is no point or reason to reprimand, scold or punish your dog after an event has already occurred. The dog has no real idea as to why it is being punished, and that is unfair to the dog.
Now how do we solve this problem?
It is simple: Better Management. Crating your dog solves almost everything. Crating your dog will not enable them to get into things or soil in your home while you are away. If you prefer to give your dog “Freedom” make sure all the food is off of the counter, close the door to the bathroom, or put the trash somewhere the dog cannot get to it. Train your dog, find a good dog trainer that can help you. I always advise that when you are gone you cannot control what your dog does (with some exception). Even the most well behaved dogs, still end up being a dog from time to time.
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Japanese and some other races have even their 10th rib as a floating rib. Does that have any relation to evolution?
While all races have two pairs of floating ribs, some ethnic groups, especially Japanese have three pairs of floating ribs or tenth rib is a floating rib. No, it is not related to evolution. It is just that Japanese have high tendency to choose or to get tenth rib as true floating rib. There is a chance of having tenth rib as floating rib in other groups as well but Japanese are highly inclined to this chance. It is a normal variant in Japanese. There are four possibilities of intercoastal structures present between 9th and 10th ribs, one of which results in making 10th rib as floating rib. With the variation in these structures, the relation in 9th and 10th ribs is elucidated.
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Blog Signal Chain Basics
Signal Chain Basics #117: Uses of CAN-FD for longer payloads in industrial applications
Editor’s note: This month we bring you Signal Chain Basics #117 by author Abhijeeth Aarey, a systems engineer in the industrial interface group at Texas Instruments.
The controller area network (CAN) interface standard has seen widespread adoption in a broad range of applications ranging from aerospace to industrial automation and embedded systems. Originally introduced around three decades ago, now referred to as classic CAN, this standard has been the foundation for many higher layer protocols and supports data rates of up to 1 Mbps. However, as modern systems grow in complexity and the trend for faster data rates continues, there is a need for the CAN standard to scale accordingly. CAN flexible data rate, or CAN-FD, was introduced in 2012 to address this need. This article takes a look at some of the key features of FD and how this could be beneficial for industrial applications.
CAN frame formats
To understand the changes in the new standard, we compare classic CAN format to CAN-FD in Figure 1.
Figure 1
Classic CAN versus CAN-FD frame formats with an 11-bit identifier.
The most significant difference is the extension of the data field from a maximum of 64 bits to 512 bits. As you will see later, this provides multiple benefits for systems using longer payloads. The control field is expanded to indicate new features such as extended data length and bitrate switching. The new cyclic redundancy check (CRC) algorithm is improved across the board and reduces the probability of undetected bit errors. This enhances the robustness of networks in large industrial installations with high ground-potential differences and also for noisy networks such as motor drive systems.
Data rates
During the arbitration phase at the beginning and end of each frame, the system can operate up to 1 Mbps. The speed is limited by various factors, including the transceiver’s loop timing. However, during the date phase, the transmitting node can use higher bitrates to transmit the payload. Here, the speed is limited only by the medium’s physical properties. The new standard is called FD since the data rate can vary between the arbitration and the data phase. Although 12 Mbps is possible in the data phase, speeds of 2-5 Mbps are more practical, owing to other system concerns, such as electromagnetic compliance (EMC). Applications involving flash programming or data downloads directly benefit from these higher data rates.
Larger payloads
Extending the payload size is useful in reducing overhead and improving data utilization efficiency. Figure 2 shows this behavior.
Figure 2
Data utilization with 11-bit identifier.
Data utilization with 11-bit identifier.
For small payload sizes, the new frame format introduces slightly more overhead, all else being equal. Intuitively, as the payload scales up, the efficiency improves. For example, with the corresponding maximum payload sizes considered for the respective formats, classic CAN achieves a data utilization efficiency of ~57 percent, whereas FD can achieve ~90 percent. This advantage is true regardless of the bit rates used . The need to implement a higher level transport protocol (TP), such as ISO 15765-2 (ISO-TP) to transmit multiple frames, is now significantly reduced because more data can be transmitted per frame with much less overhead. Position sensors in industrial automation systems can leverage this benefit to improve system responsiveness.
If higher data speeds are factored into the analysis, the overall throughput of the network is improved further. One can make a few intuitive conclusions from these observations. If a 1 Mbps classic CAN frame is used as a reference, then the same amount of data payload can be sent using 2 Mbps CAN-FD in half the time; or twice the data payload can be sent in the same time. As the bitrates are scaled up, FD advantages become more apparent. When both data rate and payload size are increased, then the average/overall bit rate gain inches closer to the theoretical bit rate gain for the data field alone. For example, with a 512-bit payload, 11-bit identifier, 1 Mbps arbitration speed and 4 Mbps data rate, you can achieve an average bit rate of ~3.5 Mbps overall. Similarly, for an 8 Mbps data rate, you can achieve an average speed of ~6 Mbps overall.
Larger payload sizes, increased protocol efficiency, improved error checking and a faster data rate all enable industrial networks to increase in size, length, robustness and efficiency. You can leverage these new features of CAN-FD to boost the performance of a wide variety of industrial applications.
About the Author
Abhijeeth Aarey is a systems engineer for Analog & Mixed Signal Circuits at Texas Instruments. He’s been in Industrial Interface where he designs exciting and challenging high-voltage products for Industrial and Automotive markets. He received his MSEE from the Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
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From Nimbelink: The Difference Between Chipsets, Modules, and Modems (End-Devices)
Sep 10, 2019
Choosing the Right Cellular Hardware
Chipsets, Modules, and Modems (End-Devices)
There’s a lot of confusion in the marketplace about the three options for cellular radio hardware:
1. Chipsets
2. Modules
3. Embedded Modems
So, let’s set the record straight and make sure we’re all on the same page.
Chipsets (The Lowest Level)
The lowest level radio system is called a chipset. And I’ve got an example of a chipset below. As you can see it’s this big, black square in the middle of the board in the picture below. That is the chipset. In actual size though, they’re very small.
The chipset conducts several valuable functions. It is going to negotiate the lowest levels of connection and authentication with the cellular network. It’s going to control the frequency. It’s going to control all the super nerdy RF stuff that is required to connect and communicate data, SMS and voice, over the cellular network.
Modules (The Second Level)
And that is called a module. On the module board you’re typically going to have a small processor, some memory, and some voltage regulation. You might also have an additional radio, and some additional functionality – maybe a GPS radio or a little GNSS system.
So the module then becomes something like this example from Telit. This module, as opposed to the chipset, is a package of electronics which makes connecting to the cellular network a little bit easier.
With a module though, if you flip it over, you’re going to see solder pads. These are typically surface mount components that are intended to go through a reflow oven in production.
When you’re talking about a module, prototyping proof of concept becomes a little bit more difficult, so using a module tend to make the most sense when you have really high volumes (200,000+) and you know you are working a lot of products through the production line.
But you can go one step further in the process of making things easier and simpler to work with when you are designing to connect to a cellular network.
So, chipset is the highest level of complexity, and a module is the next level – not quite as complex and challenging. There’s another level – the simplest of them all, when developers incorporate a module into an end-device. This is called a modem.
End-Device – also known as a Modem (The Last Level)
A modem typically contains a module, which in turn contains a chipset. The modem then typically incorporates standardized voltages, a hardware interface that’s easier to work with. Sometimes you can even have your sensors incorporated at the end-device level. You know this is really the final stage when it comes to the cellular radio access portion of building a piece of hardware.
What NimbeLink has done, is we have created an end-device. Building with an end-device certified modem eliminates the complexity of dealing with the costs and time loss associated with the certification process. So right here is the NimbeLink Skywire Cellular Modem and this is an end-device. There is the chipset inside a module and this is the module on our fully certified end-device cellular modem. This will greatly reduce your time-to-market.
So the nice thing about this is that you can put this directly into your designs. You can put it into a board, such as this one right here [Figure Below], and by having that Skywire Standard Interface on the board it makes it very, very easy to work with, and you can easily incorporate it into a proof of concept or use a Dev Kit.
Using a modem is by far the fastest way to get your product connected to cellular network. You’ll spend far less time, money and headaches by using a cellular modem. And if you use a Skywire modem, you’re end device will already be certified by the carriers whose networks you will use. As a rule of thumb for unit quantities under 25,000, using a modem will be just 25% of the cost of using a chipset and less than half the cost of the cost of using a module.
You can expect more information about using modems in future blogs, but for now, just remember there’s a chipset inside of a module, inside of your end-device, and those are three different distinct levels of radios that you might use to connect to the cellular network.
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Zephyr Gate
The practice of investment casting is widely used in the production of industrial, and mechanical hardwear. The process takes advantage of one material’s workability and abundance, to then mass produce high precision copies using a less workable material. The Zephyr Gate aims to incorporate this industrial process as an architectural workflow. The Zephyr Gate is a funneled metal grating consisting of many individual “bricks” that channel and condense breezes to act as a passive cooling system. Each “brick” is precisely cut from high density foam using a hot-wire attachment for a KUKA robot. Given the low cost and abundance of high density foam the material works well as a replacement mold for the final form. Like most industrial practices the foam is coated with plaster before being surrounded by sand to ensure high resolution. Molten metal is then poured into the foam, consuming and replacing to form a metal copy.
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Contact dderr@ltu.edu
Instagram: @architectderr
Devin Derr just completed his second year towards earning a Bachelors in Science of Architecture. This past semester, Devin greatly enjoyed experimenting in his studio courses, each providing new insight and interest to expand his understanding of architecture. When out of the studio, Devin likes observing and interacting with plants and nature, anything from hiking to horticulture.
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Mon Jan 18 2021
Keeping The Love Lines Open
You can enjoy special rewards for being part of a family. These include friendship love and closeness, sharing for support and understanding, and acceptance of each other just as we are. However, the needs of family members change constantly. Most changes are natural to growing older and wiser together. Honest communication and careful listening can help assure that your family stays in tune, sharing maximum love and support.
Review Your Family Patterns
Do you feel that you understand each other's needs? Do family conflicts reach a satisfactory end? Here are three checkpoints:
1. Is your approach positive, starting with how you feel? For example, "I feel important when you listen to me…"
2. Are you specific about the issue at hand? If you criticize, are you constructive? For example, "You didn't make your bed this morning. If you need more time, we can…"
3. Can you negotiate? Even if you disagree on an issue, can you agree on a compromise? For example, "I don't agree, but I'll try for a week because I understand your reasons."
Are These Problems Familiar?
Outside friends, school or work activities, separation of family members, and just plain fatigue can create problems. Messages become unclear because it's easier to blame or bully than to take the time to discuss things. You may hold back because you don't want to "start something."
As unresolved problems build, mutual respect can disappear. Finally, there just doesn't seem to be enough time or energy to pay attention to each other.
Try These Solutions
Here are standard guidelines for health communication:
1. Be honest and share feelings.
2. Listen and watch so you know when others are needy.
3. Develop a manner of speech that is open and clear.
4. Take responsibility for personal thoughts and actions.
5. Regularly discuss values and beliefs.
6. Encourage positive values, and act as a role model.
Create Quality Time
Your family may find that it's a lot easier to be patient with each other when all of you know what's going on. Some families set aside an hour a week just to talk about individual and group needs.
Some working patents feel that the first five minutes after they get home is critical. Regardless of how tough a day has been, taking the time for an individual greeting and hug says, "I recognize you."
Tub time, tuck in time, kitchen time and other short periods can be a loving time when someone is willing to listen. A bonus is that, when you pay attention to trivial things, your children may be encouraged to talk about the serious things.
Family Resources
Family counselors can help when there's no understanding or mutual effort to make things better. Each family member can learn to listen, to talk, to fight fair, to compromise and to cooperate.
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What is GIL in Python Language?
which is a mutex used to secure access to Python objects, synchronizing multiple threads from running the Python bytecodes at the same time.
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3D Laser Gifts
Posted by Gregory Vasquez on
The makers of 3D laser gifts aren’t conjurers, but they know a little trick: transforming photos into three-dimensional objects using a special laser-etching process. Using a special laser etching procedure known as lithography, these makers make pictures on the surface of tiny crystals, imbuing them with a third dimension in their creation.
3d laser gifts
The lithographic technique involves embedding a computer chip with a variety of tiny photo sensors. These tiny photo sensors are programmed to react to light waves, and when the light waves strike them, the chips detect the changes. The chips are then programmed to generate different images as you move your hands around in front of the chip.
When you use a special chip, it takes a photo of a 3D object or item and makes it appear in front of your eyes, much like a hologram. What makes this technique work is that the chip is able to scan two images side by side, and then combine the two images to create a single virtual image. It is as if the chip took a photograph of your hand and made it appear in front of your eyes. The images are then combined with special techniques, such as lightening, to create a clear image.
In fact, this technique enables the chip to recreate a virtual picture in a lot less time than a conventional photo. This makes it ideal for creating 3D laser gifts, as it only takes a few seconds for a chip to create a realistic looking virtual picture of a gift. As an added bonus, the computer chip used is small enough that the gift can fit onto any kind of gift bag.
The beauty of these gifts is that they can be created in any shape, size, or shape, including a box, a bottle, or even inside a gift bag. And because the chips can be programmed with any picture or object, you can also use these to make special gifts like calendars or other such items.
While the gift itself may be created from one of a few shapes, some gifts actually come in three dimensions. The shape is determined by how the chip is designed, and what it takes to generate the desired shape, but you can use almost any shape in creating a unique gift. In fact, the creators of these chips actually offer a full range of shapes for you to choose from.
The prices for these gifts vary depending on the size and complexity of the gift, but the most expensive ones are generally made with the highest quality in mind. For those that want a truly special and unique gift, it’s best to have them created with a specialized company with years of experience creating quality designs.
As mentioned, the high-tech technology behind the operation of these chips is a sure-fire way to create a one-of-a-kind, custom-made gift. By choosing to purchase your gifts from a company that offers this kind of work, you can have a personalized gift created in a matter of minutes.
However, to create your gift in this way, you will need to look for companies that offer special services that can help you create a truly unique item. Look for companies that offer the kind of design services that will allow you to add a picture, text, or even make a video to accompany your gift.
If you don’t know how to program these chips yourself, you’ll need to hire a company that offers software to do so. Most software comes free of charge, and you can program up to five or more gifts at a time.
Finding a good company isn’t easy, but it can be done. Just make sure that you look for one that offers a guarantee on all of their products to keep your money’s worth.
Once you find the perfect gift for someone on a budget, just remember to give them the details. By creating a special gift with a personal touch, you can make their birthday or holiday season even more special. |
Use the following coupon "FIRST15"
Weather Anomalies
We will be discussing atmosphere and weather in Modules 6 and 7. Choose a weather anomaly, such as El Nino and La Nina, climate change, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, drought, heat waves, ice storms, or other. Be sure to define them, compare them to normal conditions and discuss the consequences of each. Include the economic impact damage to the Earth, and any long term consequences. If applicable, include the way that volcanoes, meteorite impacts, ice cap size fluctuation, or nuclear explosions might change them as well.
Your final paper should meet the following requirements: 8-10 pages in length (Does not include title page, reference page, images, diagrams, charts, or graphs.) 8-10 outside sources Formatted according to the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA Requirements.
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Self Medicating is a Bad Habit; Here's Why
Addictions to drugs and alcohol usually don’t happen overnight. There is a variety of reasons that people get hooked on a substance, and one of the big reasons is self medicating. This can start of innocently and quickly turn into a very bad habit that is difficult to get rid of.
Self medicating occurs when someone takes drugs or alcohol in order to get through symptoms. Literally, they are playing doctor and using substances to self-diagnose and make themselves feel better. This can happen for a variety of symptoms ranging from pain to anxiety to post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Often, people don’t even realize what they are doing until it is too late and a habit is formed. At that point, it is important to get help as soon as possible to get on the path to recovery.
The Process of Self Medicating
When you self medicate, you use drugs or alcohol to numb unpleasant feelings. This can be a physical ailment, like chronic pain, or a mood disorder, like anxiety or depression. Many people go to the doctor for conditions like chronic pain and walk out with a prescription to strong opioid medications like vicodin or oxycontin. Doctors often don’t properly inform patients of the dangers of these drugs, or warn them about how addicting they are. As a result, the patient ends up getting hooked and has to turn to other sources once their prescription runs out.
When an opioid patient runs out of drugs, they usually do one of two things. They start doctor shopping – visiting multiple doctors for the same prescription, or they turn to street drugs. Heroin is in the opioid family and often easier to find and cheaper than prescription meds. It is easy to see how one of these patients would slip into using heroin.
Another example would be social anxiety. Lots of people feel the pressure to be around other people, especially in a large group, is overwhelming. If you think about it, how “normal” is it to have a drink or two to take the edge of. People on first dates, at business meetings, and old friends commonly go out for alcoholic drinks as a way to bond. This can start of innocent enough, but before long it can turn into a nasty habit.
Drinking before a date can turn slowly turn from 1 or 2 glasses into a bottle, leading to dangerous behavior and blacking out. If you start to rely on alcohol to get through situations, you might find yourself needing it earlier and earlier in the day. As your alcoholism progresses, you might drink before work or before other events during which it would be inappropriate to drink. You’ll find yourself dependent on alcohol, unable to start your day without having a drink first.
How to Stop Self Medicating
To stop self medicating, the first thing you need to do is admit you have a problem. Alcohol and drugs shouldn’t be a source of something that makes you feel better. If it is, remember that the feeling is temporary and you will ultimately need more and more to achieve the same effect. And, once the drug or alcohol gets taken away, you will feel that much worse.
For this reason, it is important to do two things: 1) Get off of whatever substance you are addicted to under the guide of a treatment center. It is close to impossible to correct this on your own, so you have a much better chance at getting and staying sober if you get professional help. 2) It is essential to diagnose the condition you have and get it treated properly. There are non habit forming medications and lifestyle modifications you can learn to fix almost anything. You are worth it!
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Sinai Artifacts from Kuntillet Ajrud
Image: A drawing from Kuntillet Ajrud
Hershel Shanks, the editor of Biblical Archaeology Review, has written an article published in The Jerusalem Post in which he reports that the artifacts found at Sinai and returned to Egypt 35 years ago have been found.
Among the artifacts found and returned to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo are the famous storage vessels found at Kuntillet Ajrud, a caravanserai located in Northern Sinai. These vessels contain inscriptions that refer to “Yahweh of Samaria and his Asherah.”
The drawing on these pithoi are very significant because of what they reveal about the religious practices of Northern Kingdom of Israel in the eighth century B.C.
Those who are not familiar with the Kuntillet Ajrud artifacts should read Shanks’ article. The image above is one of the drawings found on one of the pithoi. According to some archaeologists, the woman playing the lyre is Asherah, Yahweh’s consort.
You can read the article here.
Claude Mariottini
Professor of Old Testament
Northern Baptist Seminary
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3 Responses to Sinai Artifacts from Kuntillet Ajrud
1. goulablogger says:
The asherah of the Bible was most often a wooden pole representing the goddess, who was paired with Yahweh in a synthesis of Canaanite religion where El (another name of Yahweh) has a consort named Asherah and a storm god/fertility deity son called Baal. Their worship seems spread over a good part of the ancient Near East, and involved erecting poles or pillars dedicated to the gods.As far as the pithoi, I've read that many consider that the inscription to Yahweh and his Asherah is not actually related to the drawing itself, and that the female lyre player may in fact be male.The KJV "grove" for Asherah comes from the Greek OT and the Vulgate (KJV often resorts to the Latin), but we're now fairly certain living trees aren't meant.(Source: Anchor Bible Dictionary)
Chuck Grantham
2. Andy says:
Interesting picture. Why is Asherah in a shopping cart?
3. goulablogger says:
Maybe Yahweh is running away with the credit card before Asherah maxes out the divine credit.
Chuck Grantham
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Expository Writing E25: Introduction to Academic Writing and Critical Reading Instructor: Julie Anne McNary
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Expository Writing E25: Introduction to Academic Writing and Critical Reading
Instructor: Julie Anne McNary
23 December, 2009
Essay 3 – Final Draft
Are all of the best stories focused on the biggest challenges faced by the protagonists therein? Are all stories made more compelling if they are narrated by those protagonists at the highest moment of their darkest challenges? This question can be posed to both Marlow, Joseph Conrad’s protagonist in Heart of Darkness, and Captain Willard, Francis Ford Coppola’s on-screen protagonist in Apocalypse Now. In turn, this question can also be posed to Coppola himself, who fills the role of antagonist in his documentary, Hearts of Darkness. Coppola struggles with the challenges of adapting prose to the on-screen format. As chronicled in the documentary, his personal struggles to bridge the worlds of creative expression and the corporate side of filmmaking are highlighted. All three protagonists, including Coppola himself, must endure the agonizing challenges in order to deliver their stories. Their collective successes are evidenced by the reflective mediums through which their stories are ultimately revealed. They all three find themselves locked in the jaws of defeat and the grip of failure, but summon the courage to endure. Thus, all three confirm for both the reader and the viewer, that their accomplishments are direct results of their shaping and narrating that which they sought to overcome. It is through the lens of great adversity that all three find the road to triumph. Ironically, in spite of the hardship and suffering they endure, we find these protagonists, in turn, acting upon others in an equally distressful way. Through their actions they perpetuate the very adversity which they themselves struggle against.
Conrad’s novella, Heart of Darkness, is the story of a hired English seaman, Charlie Marlow, serving the National corporate interests of Colonial Imperialist Belgium during its brutal, racist, ivory exploitation of The Congo. Assigned to retrieve, repair, and ultimately captain a sunken steamboat, protagonist Marlow, travels up the Congo River to reach his post. Upon his arrival, he is quickly immersed in the military-like structure of this particular ivory-trading company, with its “cutthroat” competitive hierarchy, its “stations and agents” and its ultra-racist subjugation of the indigenous population. After months of repair on the steamship Marlow is to captain an excursion, whose crew includes the Station Manager, several company men, and a host of indigenous hired-hands, up river to retrieve, dead or alive, Mr. Kurtz, the company’s top station agent. Mr. Kurtz, after ascending the company’s hierarchy and being groomed for management, has gone rouge. Left unsupervised for some time now, due mostly to his consistently exceeding expectations with record-setting ivory procurements, his “unsound methods” have become more than the company can tolerate.
During the hundreds of miles of treacherous river traveled to Mr. Kurt’s station, Marlow slowly becomes indoctrinated with the mystique of Kurtz. Close to their arrival at Kurtz’s station, the crew comes under primitive attack from the indigenous tribes seemingly under the influence of Kurtz. Save for losing their helmsman to an ambitious toss of a local’s spear, the crew arrives successfully to find Kurtz gravely ill and functionally insane. Shutting down his operation, they are able to wrest Kurtz from his enchanted followers, however, he dies during the return trip. Before expiring, Kurtz wins the respect and awe of Marlow and entrusts him with his remaining worldly possessions, a series of writings, both personal and professional. Marlow, mission completed, returns to Europe, fends off opportunistic grabs at Kurt’s property, writings and such, ultimately delivering them to his one true love, while sparing her the revelation that he had gone stark, raving mad.
Apocalypse Now, directed by Francis Ford Coppola, is a film adapted loosely from Conrad’s novella, Heart of Darkness. Set in the jungles of Vietnam, protagonist, Captain Benjamin Willard, a decorated Green Beret commando, is charged with a clandestine mission by the architects of the Vietnam War. Traveling “below the radar,” Willard is transported up the Nung River in a non-descript Navy patrol Boat, manned by a motley crew of four Navy Seamen. Willard’s mission is to locate and exterminate Colonel Walter Kurtz, a fellow decorated Army Green Beret, who despite being fast tracked on the path to becoming a general, is suspected of going insane. Kurtz has been using local indigenous villagers to conduct his own rouge war campaign in neighboring Cambodia.
Leaving behind a failing marriage and the deafening silence of the civilian world, Willard succumbs to the primal madness of “the bush” and feeds his insatiable appetite for war with an ever-increasing obsession with his target, Colonel Kurtz. His journey up-river peels away the layers of sanity, reducing him to a primordial warrior who hardens his violent resolve every step of the way. His transformation plays out in a mostly contentious coexistence with his subordinate shipmates who, for most of their journey, are unaware of Willard’s objective. Willard and the crew inch further away from the sanity of the designated war theatre and closer to the insanity of Kurtz and his remote jungle. Finally reaching Kurtz’s outpost, which is an abandoned Cambodian temple, Willard and the surviving members of his crew witness first hand the atrocities carried out by Kurtz. Ultimately, the horrific potential of war is revealed to them as they themselves become captives of Kurtz. Later freed, Willard carries out the assassination of Kurtz, liberating him and his followers from the madness that has ensnared them.
Hearts of Darkness is a documentary that chronicles the behind the scenes making of Apocalypse Now. It was shot primarily by Coppola’s wife, Eleanor, during the years of filming. In this piece, which can be compared to and contrasted with Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, and Apocalypse Now, the logistical nightmare of trying to complete this film is detailed. Footage and interviews from the Philippine location present Coppola’s own “river” and his own “Kurtzian antagonist”, who he himself personifies dually with the role of protagonist. The back door deals that Coppola made with the Philippine government to secure use of land, sea and air, compare to those his fictional protagonist, Willard, participated in when receiving his mission back in Saigon. The negotiated use of Philippine military helicopters, when they weren’t abandoning Coppola’s set to actually engage separatist combatants in the South, drew comparison to Willard’s arrangement with Lieutenant Colonel Kilgore of the Air Cavalry Division for transport of his designated Navy PBR from the shallows to deeper waters of the mouth of the Nung River. Through this documentary, the viewer is able to construct a lens through which Apocalypse Now should be viewed. It succeeds in providing just enough insight into the film without spoiling it for the viewer. Apocalypse Now proves to be such a powerful film that viewing it’s behind the scenes footage and fabricated sets, in no way inoculates viewers against the film’s authenticity. Hearts of Darkness stands as the metaphoric bridge which we must cross to truly appreciate Apocalypse Now.
On the surface, Joseph Conrad’s novella, Heart of Darkness, and Francis Ford Coppola’s film, Apocalypse Now, are far more different than similar. The film is an adaptation developed loosely around Conrad’s novella. They share nothing with regard to period or setting, save for a river. Heart of Darkness is set in the Congo at the height of the Colonial Imperialist period, while Apocalypse Now is set on the fictional Nung River at the height of the Vietnam War. Since the two stories are so vastly different, there are few sequences of events which can be compared and contrasted. Conrad’s protagonist, Marlow, elects to participate in a campaign which many of his race and social strata found acceptable, in spite of the horrors it visited upon the indigenous people of the African continent. Not only did he embrace his sea faring assignment as an adventure, but as a duty to the cause of European expansionism as well. Conversely, Coppola’s protagonist, Captain Willard, executes his plan as a matter of chain of command. Given his status as a Green Beret Commando and covert CIA operative, he has been trained to follow the orders of his superiors and carry them out without question.
In keeping with the notion that the most compelling stories are ones narrated by the protagonists at the heights of their respective challenges, it is necessary to hone in on the antagonists even before attempting to further analyze the protagonists of these stories. Both fictional pieces, Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now, do share two very distinct antagonists, Kurtz and The River, while Hearts of Darkness presents a sole antagonist, Coppola himself. Both Kurtz characters, while from different periods and stations in life, share a hypnotic mystique, which solicits near blind allegiance and reverence of them. Coppola, as both protagonist and antagonist in his documentary, struggles against the revered filmmaking reputation he has enjoyed and fallen victim to with the success of his Godfather franchise, and soldiers on to deliver a finished product with wide box office appeal and unprecedented credibility. Both fictional stories share a character that speaks no dialogue, but plays a central role - The River. Both the Congo River, which cuts deep into the heart of the Congo, and the fictional Nung River, which cuts deep into the heart of the Southeast Asian conflict, transcend designation as setting, springing to life and driving both plots. Coppola’s metaphoric river in Hearts of Darkness proves to be akin to a setting, the infrastructure required for shooting a film on foreign soil during a time of military conflict. It presents as many bends and curves, unknowns and threats, as did both The Congo and the Nung. The process of negotiating that “river” proved to be just as physically grueling and psychologically taxing as did the Congo to Marlow and The Nung to Willard.
As we examine the plots of both fictional pieces, it is obvious that they share few surface similarities, however do embrace a similar theme. Both speak to the ability of the jungle to reveal primal nature and the internal war men wage to prevent succumbing to it. Marlow set out as a wide eyed, ambitious adventurer of sorts and was eventually beset by the Congo jungle. Willard set out on not so much a routine mission, but one in which his expectation of successful execution was indeed routine. He learned otherwise. Additionally, they both address the fine line between genius and insanity. Coppola’s non-fiction plot shares in both, as we witness the physical and psychological metamorphosis he undergoes in his quest to deliver Apocalypse Now. From his dramatic weight loss, to his knee-jerk replacement of lead characters…from his budget exploding shifts in course, to his firing and re-hiring of writers, Coppola scratches and claws his way through the dark much like Marlow and Captain Willard. It was a shared confidence which morphed into arrogance that eventually humbled these protagonists. It was a belief in the power of their superior technology that led them to underestimate the antagonism of the jungle and the river. And it was in this process of being humbled by the forces of nature that brought them to the edge of insanity, forcing them to question things about themselves that they had never before pondered.
How is the ability of the characters to narrate their own individual stories connected to their larger goals or pursuits? Both Marlow and Willard, and even Coppola, with the initiative of wife Eleanor, go through a process, chronicled throughout both the novella and film(s) , in which they face personal demons. The exorcising of these demons, or at least the hard looks in the mirror they take, humanize them, paint them somewhat sympathetic, and ultimately enable them to succeed. And it is this sympathy that draws us in as readers and viewers. It allows us to connect with them in spite of the activities they are engaged in. All three characters, Marlow, Willard, and Coppola, while operating in different theaters, are participating in war - Marlow’s is a resource war, Willard’s a geo-political, and Coppola’s a corporate war. And while we should condemn them for their unique participation in the darker, more exploitative aspects of their respective wars, we don’t. We overlook Marlow’s participation in a brutally violent, ultra-racist campaign against the indigenous people of the Congo and their natural resources. Perhaps we tell ourselves it was Europe’s manifest destiny to rape and pillage the continent of Africa and that Marlow was merely acting as most men did in this period of history. We overlook young Captain Willard’s participation in an equally brutal, violently racist campaign against the indigenous people of Vietnam and their natural resources. Perhaps we tell ourselves that when murdering innocent Vietnamese women and children, Willard was simply doing his part to hold the line against the expansion of communism. And we overlook the financial exploits of Coppola’s Hollywood endeavors. We tell ourselves that the money he and his studio paid to the Western-friendly government of The Philippines for use of their military helicopters wasn’t used to further finance the corrupt and unjust war against Philippine citizens in the South. We tell ourselves that Coppola engaged in noble work when selling out the integrity of art and creativity to the Hollywood corporate interests. We do this because all three characters tell us their story, reveal themselves and show us their flaws. And it is in telling their own stories that they are able to reveal the more symbolic representations of retrieving ivory-trader Kurtz, of terminating Colonel Kurtz’s command, and of making the best damn Vietnam era film ever. In being so revealing, so open, and rendering themselves so vulnerable, they are able to deliver to the reader and viewer the story of their challenges in such an appreciable way.
In telling their stories, Marlow, Willard and Coppola share with us a theme that history has recorded far too many times before. Is it mere coincidence that all three stories involve white men acting in exploit of people of color? Marlow acts in concert in exploiting black people in the Congo. Willard acts as agent of a military that seeks to subjugate brown people in Vietnam and Cambodia. Coppola manages to exploit brown people in the Philippines with his inhumane wages paid to local workers instead of what their U.S. counterparts would have commanded. How often has this scene been carried out across the globe? And again, how can we overlook the sheer irony in these three protagonists raging against the forces of antagonism, while at the very epicenter of their struggles we find them raining down horror, ten-fold, upon the seemingly expendable people of color around them. Why does Marlow’s gratuitous and nonchalant use of the term “nigger” when referring to the Black people around him not move us to condemn his character as racist? “Strings of dusty niggers with splay feet arrived and departed.”(Conrad 73.) We find him capable of exercising decency and humanity in other instances when he refers to the indigenous African people as “black fellows” and “black people.” “Now and then a boat from the shore gave one a momentary contact with reality. It was paddled by black fellows.” (Conrad 67.) “A lot of people, mostly black and naked, moved about like ants.”(Conrad 69.) And what of Captain Willard’s total disregard for innocent Vietnamese life, illustrated by his cold-blooded murder of a young Vietnamese woman, already wrongfully wounded, for nothing more than trying to save her puppy? (Apocalypse Now) How does he continue on, commanding our respect, and at times, sympathy, in the face of such atrocity? What is it that keeps Coppola in our highest regard when he too subjugates the people of color whom he happens upon? Why does his exploit of the Philippine day laborers in his hire not tarnish our image of the great white filmmaker carrying out such noble work? (Hearts of Darkness) All three receive from us a morality waiver because they operate under a banner that, through military and religious conquest, has not only become acceptable, but the norm – white supremacy.
Both Conrad and Coppola are effective in delivering the message of achievement through adversity. Nothing better illustrates this theme than the personal, on-location struggles which Coppola endured. But how did their antagonists, Coppola included, manage to become deified by the very people, who happen to be Black and Brown, they sought to subjugate. Both Kurtz characters and Coppola had visited atrocity and adversity on the people of color around them. De Facto slavery, mass graphic slayings, and what may have been worse on some level, economic exploitation, are but a few of the “miracles” they performed to become “gods” in the eyes of these isolated populations. Conrad’s Kurtz did nothing for the betterment of those he subjugated in the Congo, but they elevated him to god-like status. Coppola’s Kurtz managed nothing more than to mislead and dupe his followers into committing unspeakable atrocities against each other, and they deified him for it. Coppola, in his filmmaking, did little for the financial well-being or international image of those whom he exploited in the Philippines, but the elders of the Indo-Philippine villages where he filmed bestowed upon him honors traditionally afforded only to religious leaders. And while this recurring theme has been played out globally since Whites left the shores of Europe, it begs the question, why? Did the fact that Whites comprise less than ten percent of the world’s population make them so exotic to these isolated traditional communities that they were viewed as “out of this world?” Were these often polytheistic societies so fascinated at the sight of white skin that the only plausible explanation had to be either extra-terrestrial or godly in origin? Whatever the explanation may be, it speaks to man’s primitive attraction to the exotic, with exotic being anything that he hasn’t before laid eyes on. And while this primitive notion has fueled conflict since the dawn of time, it is apparent that modern society is not quite as evolved as we would like to believe.
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Time is Flowing Like a River
Mishnah Pesachim 1:4-5 ”Rabbi Meir says: one may eat [chametz] the whole of the five [hours] and must burn [it] at the beginning of the sixth. Rabbi Judah says: one may eat the whole of the four [hours], suspend it the whole of the fifth, and must burn it at the beginning of the sixth.
Rabbi Judah further said: two unfit loaves of thanksgiving used to lie on the roof of the [Temple] portico: as long as they lay [there] all the people would eat [chametz]. When one was removed, they would keep it in suspense, neither eating nor burning [it]. When both were removed, all the people began to burn [their chametz].”
In order for terms like the sixth hour to have meaning, people needed to have some method of keeping time. These two adjacent mishnayot give us a sneak peek into a fascinating question about the ancient world: did people tell time, and if so, how?
First of all, it is important to note that most people only needed to have the most basic rudiments of time. You woke up with the sun, prayed, went to work, ate, worked some more, came home, ate again and went to sleep by sunset. No appointments, no Google calendar, no cellphones with precise time. But there were situations – hametz eating for example, or witnesses giving testimony – when telling time was necessary.
The Romans divided the day into ante meridiem, before the noon, and post meridiem, after the noon (this is where our AM and PM come from). Once sundials were introduced to ancient Rome, they divided the day from sunrise to sunset into twelve equal parts. An hour was not always sixty minutes but rather depended on the time of the year. In the summer an hour could be as long as seventy five minutes, in the winter as short as forty five. The Romans also divided the night into four sections, called watches and had two forms of days, one called the civil day, which went from midnight to midnight and one called the natural day which was from sunrise to sunset.
Roman sundial Side Turkey (Ad Meskens, Wikipedia)
We find almost all these forms of timekeeping in the Gemara. Rabbi Yehuda on our daf talks about how if one set of witnesses says they saw something happen at the fifth hour and the other set says it happened at the seventh hour, clearly they contradict each other since you would not confuse the morning sun in the east with the afternoon sun in the west. Here we have ante and post meridiem. Dividing the day into twelve equal parts is found all over the Gemara (Jews called these hoursשעות זמניות ) and helps us to determine hours of prayer among other things. Watches of the night are familiar to us from the beginning of Berachot where the timing of Kriat Shema at night is discussed. And different ways of defining a day (do we begin at night? from sunrise? any twenty four hour period?) is an issue that arises in many places in the Gemara.
To be able to know specific hours you needed some form of a time-keeping device. The form common in our area was a sundial. Probably the earliest sundials are from Egypt and that famous Egyptian symbol, the obelisk, was often used as the gnomon (the stick that makes the shadow) of a giant sundial.
An obelisk in Luxor Egypt (Olaf Tausch, Wikipedia)
We hear about sundials in the Bible, in the story about King Hezekiah’s illness. Hezekiah asks for a sign from the prophet Isaiah that he will heal from his sickness and Isaiah promises him that the shadow will recede from the sundial even when the sun stays in the same place:
“So the prophet Isaiah called to the LORD, and He made the shadow which had descended on the dial of Ahaz recede ten steps.”(Kings 2 20:11)
In the Golan there is a large stone structure called Rujm a Hiri which some suggest was an enormous sundial, a local version of Stonehenge.
(Assaf Z. Wikipedia)
The rabbis were familiar with sundials and called them אבן שעות, an hour stone. They discussed whether the gnomon can become impure or not. A sundial can give you a more or less precise time (to the hour, if not the minute) but there were two problems with them. One, they needed to be calibrated for the season and the place where they are located. Two, they only worked in the daytime and when it is sunny. Still, they were better than nothing but not exactly common to everyone (see above how no one needed to know what time it was).
Who did have sundials and did need to keep track of time? Priests and Levites, because Temple worship is very time dependent. In archaeological excavations of the past century, we have found a small number of sundials from the time period of the Second Temple. Most of them were found in various locations in Jerusalem. Benjamin Mazar found a few in his excavations at the southern corner of the western wall of the Temple Mount. Nahman Avigad found some more in his excavations of the fabulous houses of the Kohanim in the Jewish Quarter. It seems likely that these were the places the sundials were found (as opposed to in Herod’s equally opulent palaces, for example) since these were the people who had to worry about time and had to convey time to the masses. Mazar found a sundial at the southwestern corner below the Temple Mount, near the sign showing where the Bet HaTkiah was located. This was the place that a Levite would go to on Friday afternoon and blow shofar to show that Shabbat was beginning (see Shabbat 35b).
Drawing of the Bet HaTkiah (Tamar HaYardeni Wikipedia)
It makes sense to entrust the announcement of when to stop eating hametz to the Levites and Priests as well, as we see in our Mishnah above. Perhaps this is also one of the reasons that time questions like when to say Shema, when to stop eating hametz and when to start Shabbat are connected by the rabbis to the Temple and Temple worship.
One other place where an elaborate and not fully understood sundial was found is the site of Qumran, the home of the writers of the Dead Sea Scrolls (probably). These ascetics abandoned the Temple in Jerusalem and went to found their own holy place outside Jerusalem. Time and calendar were important to them and that may explain this strange sundial, which may be a calendar as well.
Sunrise and sunset remain important for Orthodox Jews as well as for Muslims today, both groups base their prayer times on the sun. That is why in any elaborate mosque as well as in some synagogues (in Israel at least) you can find sundials. Here is a famous example, the Zoharei HaHamah synagogue on Jaffa Road which was famous for starting services at dawn.
(Shosh Sharet, Wikipedia)
Let’s use our time wisely, however we keep it!
Shulie Mishkin
Shulie Mishkin
דף יומי לנשים
עם הרבנית מישל פרבר
ראשון עד שישי ב6:20 בזום
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Last Updated: Sep 30, 2020 See Article History Southern Africa, southernmost region of the African continent, comprising the countries of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. World Countries as Independent States. For example, Southern Hemisphere countries in Africa include Zambia, South Africa, and Lesotho. Since South Sudan became an independent state on July 9, 2011, there are now 195 independent sovereign nations in the world (not including the disputed but de facto independent Taiwan), plus some 60 dependent areas, and several disputed territories, like Kosovo. Oct 16, 2019. The countries on the Southern African mainland share many of the demographic qualities of the rest of Africa: large family size, agrarian economies, multiple ethnic groups, rural populations, political instability, and a high rate of rural-to-urban shift. 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2020 southern countries of the world |
Stop Panic Attacks From Ruining Your Life
Panic attacks are an annoyance and can truly bring down the quality of your social life and confidence negatively. It is important that you learn to manage panic attacks. This article is written for panic attacks to increase your quality of life.
If you tend to have panic attacks, make sure you are getting enough sleep every night. Sleep deprivation can make attacks much more likely. Worse, it deprives you of the clear thinking and coping skills you need to deal with an attack. Allow yourself to get a full eight hours of sleep nightly.
If you try to control what you do during your panic attack, you can resolve your symptoms easier. Fighting against your fear is the surest way to keep it under control of it for good.
Be conscious of your how you are breathing when you are going through a panic attack. Rapid breathing should be slowed down to control any attack. Breathings control when you are experiencing the symptoms of an attack can greatly reduce the magnitude of the anxiety. In order to gain control, you will want to take long, deep breaths.
Have you ever been stuck in a panic attack that lasted forever? You truly have control over your mind and your body’s response to them.
If you sense the anxiety that can cause a panic attack begin to creep in, evaluate your environment to see if there is really any danger. Is there actually something or someone there that is threatening or harmful to you? More often than not, the actual threat is non-existent. Remember this, and focus on relaxing your mind and body.
Feeling alone can make it more difficult to cope with your anxiety. Having a support system will help you are experiencing. Friends are always there for you.
The first step in controlling panic attacks is discovering all the potential signs of them. When you know why you are having attacks, you can tell when one is coming on. This knowledge is a major component in your fight back arsenal.
When you become aware that you are having a panic attack, stop what you are doing immediately, sit, and concentrate on your breathing. Try to do this ten times to feel better.
Do not let a panic attack cripple you. Rather than trying to fight the attack, go with the flow. Disconnect yourself from the feelings of anxiety and panic, and try to observe them as if at a distance. Above all, make sure you keep your breathing under control. Breath in and then exhale slowly, as a way to stay calm. With a little time, your excitement level will dissipate and your body will relax.
You can give yourself advanced notice of an oncoming attack when one is about to occur before it turns into a full-blown panic attack. This will take a major component in your attacks.
Focus on what is really happening during a panic attack. Keep in mind that you are not going to be hurt; all that is going on is your nervous system is being overstimulated. Having this internal thought process will keep your perspective in check, and will help to end the episode quicker. Panic attacks are horrible, and this tip is not meant to down-play that, though if you can adopt this type of thinking, you will be able to negate some of your panic.
Ask them to come see you to talk in person. This will increase your happiness.
When the stress that precedes a panic attack appears, talk to someone right away. The encouraging words of others can make you relax. A hug is also a good option because it releases endorphins and relaxes you. Having some human touch can really reassure you, calm you down and make you feel safe.
Use positive self affirmations and calming thoughts to talk yourself through a panic attack. Know that you will not last forever. Tell yourself that you know you can stay calm and don’t lose control.
Watch your anxiety levels closely. Doing so is vital because it makes you accountable for the levels of stress you permit yourself to be subjected to. Being more self aware helps you to gain control over the situation more quickly and this is very beneficial. Because you are more in tune to these feelings, your attacks will be less powerful and intense.
Talk yourself out of panic attacks. What you are thinking and feeling do not have to determine what you actually do. When you are having negative thoughts, do the opposite of what they are guiding you to do! Stay positive! Understand that it can help you overcome the attack by ignoring your feelings and choosing a different reaction.
An excellent suggestion for anyone suffering from panic attacks is to remain conscious of what is occurring when you have an attack strikes. This advice isn’t intended to minimize the very real anxiety that you feel, but adopting such an attitude can be useful in the midst of an attack.
You need to first understand what is causing your panic attacks. For example, maybe you are nervous about talking to someone because they upset you; if you worry about it enough, it could cause a panic attack. You must be able to communicate your thoughts effectively; this allows you to remain calm and collected.
When you begin to feel a bit stressed out, having a friend to talk to can be very beneficial. Having someone to comfort you will make a difference to you.
Sometimes worrying that you will have a panic attack can bring one on. Stop thinking about the sources of your attacks and about the dreaded worry. These thoughts can actually bring on an attack. It’s like when someone tells you to not think about an elephant–what else can you think about then?
Keep a very close tabs on your anxiety levels. It is important you are aware of these things in order to reduce anxiety and stress. Being vigilant about your emotional states will boost your awareness and ability to control over how you feel. This heightened awareness can lessen your attacks’ intensity.
When dealing with panic attacks, there is no strategy that is a waste of time. Trying different coping techniques can only benefit you as you learn to move beyond your panic disorders.
You can make an attempt to work your way out of a panic attack. Your feelings need not determine your actions.
Accepting the feelings experienced during a panic attack, rather than struggling with them, may ease your anxiety and provide you some comfort. Trying to subdue these thoughts can just make your anxiety worse. Let your thoughts teach you about the potential cause of your anxiety, instead. By facing your thoughts and fears, you can work through them. It may take some time, but eventually you can accept them, move past them and be happier.
Take every opportunity available to drive every day. Stay behind the wheel and remind yourself how much fun driving can be, and how much you enjoy it. Doing this will force you to face your fears.
Many people rationalize their panic attacks by rationalizing what they are feeling.For instance, when a panic attack strikes, focus on the feelings and remind yourself that feelings cannot and will not physically hurt you.
Give yourself up. Allow yourself to overcome feelings of anxiety and engage in healing practices. Just make sure you are surrendering to the right thing. It’s important to have the support of people you trust and to have control over your emotions.
Try to be aware of the feelings that signify that an attack is imminent, to give yourself a chance at prevention or at least having some control.Take note of the thoughts you have just prior to an attack and record them in a journal. Review the journal each week, and what you can do to avoid them.
There’s no need to be serious all the time. I love to read The Onion for a good laugh, or watch a Leslie Nielsen movie! Pick your favorites and have them on hand to lighten the mood.
When trying to deal with the racing thoughts and symptoms of panic, accept the bad feelings that you are experiencing.Feelings are unable to hurt you, and it is important to understand the root of your anxiety.Accepting all of your feelings may open a panic attack can put you on the road to recovery and enlightenment.
Look into relaxation techniques to help you go through panic attacks. Having already learned relaxation techniques, such as yoga or meditation, will help you get through a panic attack more easily, not only that, but it can lessen the effects in the future.
Cognitive behavior therapy may be an effective treatment if you suffer from panic attacks. This type of therapy has proven effective with many, and may benefit you as well.Check online to locate experienced, and look for one who has a good record and reputation.
Relaxation techniques such as meditation and yoga go a long way toward relieving stress. Another suggestion to combat stress is to relax and take a hot bath or drink a cup of tea. Spend time with loved ones or just let your emotions out and have a cry. Do whatever stress reliever works best for you.
Try some head from one side to the other and working the facial exercises.You can then roll the shoulders and stretch parts of your back. These simple movements can actually stop your panic attack from happening in the first place.
Having a social life can reduce the number of panic attacks. Consider becoming a volunteer to children or elderly people. Playing with kids is fun and helps you to burn off excess energy. Seniors are great companions as well and would love the extra company. Both groups remind me of how great I am, and how amazing it is to be alive!
Is it something you do often? Did you stop your last time?
Don’t let your anxiety force you to stay away from work and social interactions. The Internet shouldn’t take the place of real human contact. Don’t go overboard with chat rooms or Facebook.
Try to understand what is causing your panic episodes. Identify the problem and address it immediately.
Help keep panic attacks at bay by sleeping for a minimum of six hours each night. Getting enough sleep can make your body feel rested and refreshed. By being better rested, you’ll be able to control emotions more effectively. This sense of control increases your ability to resist an attack.
You will have panic attacks less if you work on becoming more confident in social situations. I love volunteering with kids or elderly because kids show me how to still have a good time and never judge anyone, and that makes me feel good about myself. Both kids and the elderly remind us how great about being alive.
There are resources out there for people who have severe anxiety. They work to treat, cure, and even prevent various anxiety and panic conditions. It may just provide you with the assistance you’ve needed.
You can lower the occurrence of panic attacks you have by following healthy habits. Stay away from substances that are implicated in producing symptoms of anxiety, such as alcohol, caffeine, tea and coffee. Eat healthy foods, and steer clear of processed foods and foods high in sugar content. Make sure that you get enough sleep in order for your body to function properly. A good sense of well-being will lessen the chances of experiencing a panic disorders.
Cool your core temperature when you feel panic coming on. You might treat yourself with ice packs, have a drink of cold water, or stand in front of the open refrigerator. Your system will react sharply to the cold’s impact, and you can then refocus your thoughts.
Panic Attacks
Self-medicating during an attack will make things worse, not better. Alcohol and other drugs often make symptoms worse and they can lead to depression and addiction. Instead, make an appointment with your physician to learn about healthy and effective ways to manage your panic attacks.
After reading this, hopefully you have a deeper knowledge about how to sort out your panic attacks so you can get back on track with your life. While many people suffer from anxiety and panic attacks, the correct approach can control them so they won’t interfere with your daily life.
If your stress is more than you can handle, it is time to go see a professional. Breathing techniques are not the only relief open to sufferers, other alternatives to try include therapy or medication. Consult with your physician to come up with a treatment plan that works for you. |
Changing The Way We Do Research Projects with Screencast-O-Matic
If you are looking for new ways for students to do presentations or complete research projects, Screencast-O-Matic is a great software. Screencast is a software that allows you to record exactly what is on your screen, including audio sounds.
So here is how it works…First download the software, whether the free launcher or paid version. Then, whatever you are desiring to present should be on your computer screen. It can be a PowerPoint, Word Document, showing others how to do something interesting from your computer, etc. You can then open Screencast and it will open on the page that you want to record. Three recording options will come on the screen: Record with webcam only, record screen only and record with webcam and screen simultaneously. If you choose to record with webcam only, then the entire screen will be a live visual of you speaking about whatever topic you have chosen. If you decide to do screen only, then the information that you have on the screen will be shown, however, the microphone can still be on, allowing your voice to be recorded with only the screen being viewed. Then, if you desire to have screen and webcam recorded, your PowerPoint, Word Document or whatever you choose to record will take up most of the screen, however, a live visual of yourself will be produced in the upper right corner of the screen, allowing viewers to see you and the screen simultaneously. After the product is finished, you may save the document as a mp4 to send it to whomever and to access it later.
I personally enjoy Screencast-O-Matic because I have used it to deliver information to a group of people online, I have completed assignments with it and I am allowing my students to use it to complete their research project. Let me explain how this will work for my students. Instead of them completing a traditional four-page essay, they will do all the research on an argumentative topic, create a PowerPoint about the information, then they will create a Screencast-O-Matic document in which they will discuss the argument in detail and only use the PowerPoint as speaking points. This will be a great way to assess their knowledge on the topic, help them with their speaking skills and get them familiar with stepping away from things being done in a traditional format.
I am looking forward to their projects and I hope you will enjoy Screencast-O-Matic if you choose to use it.
Here is a link to the Screencast-O-Matic website
Here is a YouTube to show how to use Screencast-O-Matic |
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Research and Innovation
Vaccine Q&A: the Logistics of Getting Vaccines to Everyone Who Needs Them
hand in latex glove holding a vial of COVID-19 vaccine
Army Spc. Angel Laureano holds a vial of the COVID-19 vaccine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Dec. 14, 2020. (DoD photo by Lisa Ferdinando.)
In this post, we focus on the logistical challenges associated with distributing different types of COVID-19 vaccines to millions of people, from urban centers to sparsely populated rural counties.
This post is part of a series of Q&As in which NC State experts address questions about the vaccines on issues ranging from safety to manufacturing to how the vaccines will be distributed. [Editor’s Note: this post has been updated to address a question about the speed of the vaccine rollout. That question is included at the bottom of the Q&A.]
The Abstract: Will vaccines vary from state to state?
Julie Swann: The Pfizer vaccine was approved recently in the U.S. and has started to ship. It is expected that Moderna could receive approval soon with shipments shortly following. I expect both vaccines will go to all states. Once priority populations – such as hospital workers – have been vaccinated, and a larger number of doses becomes available, vaccines will also be sent to commercial pharmacies for distribution. Eventually we may have several more vaccines become available. Consumers may not even realize which they receive unless they have a specific medical condition that is relevant. That said, because these vaccines require two shots, delivered weeks apart, it is important for people to ensure that their second dose is the same type of vaccine as their first dose. This ensures they get the maximum potential immunity from the vaccine.
TA: How much time has to elapse between getting the shots? Why do the vaccines require multiple shots anyway?
TA: What are the biggest logistical challenges to distributing the vaccine?
Swann: There are several! We talked about some of these challenges earlier this year.
Photo credit: Norma Mortenson.
TA: Why do some COVID-19 vaccines have to be kept ultra-cold?
Several vials of vaccine.
Doses of the COVID-19 vaccine are seen at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Dec. 14, 2020. (DoD photo by Lisa Ferdinando.)
There are also other vaccines being developed, with several types of technologies. The Johnson & Johnson vaccine is built on an adenovirus (like its recent Ebola vaccine), and the Novavax one on a protein (like its candidate flu vaccine, Nanoflu). [Editor’s note: we discuss how these various vaccines work at greater length here.]
TA: What is being done, that we know of, to address all of these challenges?
TA: The rollout of the vaccination program has been slower than many people were hoping. What have the stumbling blocks been, and do you think things will speed up soon? [*This question was added on Jan. 6, 2021.]
Swann: The rollout has been slower than we would like, and there are multiple causes.
First, the information available does not give authorities perfect knowledge, as we are told how many doses have been distributed (where there may be a 2-day delay until receipt within a state) and administered (where it may take 72 hours to get full reporting).
Secondly, I anticipate that vaccine administration will speed up since we are now past two major holidays.
Third, health departments have been taxed for almost a year with responding to the pandemic, and very few resources were made available to assist with the “last mile” distribution (meaning that final step before the vaccine reaches the consumer). That last mile is often the most challenging part of the supply chain. Resources could have supported people for planning and the support work for vaccination (which often requires more manpower than just the actual shots in the arm) as well as information technology systems to make the process more efficient.
There are other reasons, but I think it is more important to focus on what can we do to improve things. I anticipate that the pace of administration will increase as we expand beyond the initial priority groups to others, including allocating vaccine to additional sites for administration.
Health departments and providers are also learning from the experiences of others and tweaking the system, developing policies for when there is vaccine left at the end of the day that would perish or if supply is otherwise greater than the demand at a particular location. Large organizations, including employers and universities, should also be setting up information technology to support a smooth roll-out. This might include things such as pre-booking appointment slots based on priority group, and systematic ways to prevent fraud in who is receiving the vaccine. Like any other major task, planning is crucial, and if that planning is informed by what we’re learning today it will be even more useful.
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Question: Can A Year Have 53 Weeks?
How many weeks are in the year 2026?
53 weeksThis page lists all weeks in 2026.
There are 53 weeks in 2026..
Why is there 52 weeks in a year and 12 months?
December has 31 days. … These extra days amount to 4 weeks + 1/2 day/s. So, 1 year or 12 months have 48 weeks + 4 weeks + 1/2 day/s, which would result in 52 weeks +1/2 day/s. This can be crosschecked as 52 weeks have 364 days and when we add 1 or 2 we get 365 (normal year) & 366 (leap year).
How many full weeks are there in 2020?
53 weeksIn 2020, there are 53 weeks.
Which week is now?
The current Week Number is WN 02.
How many hours is 2020?
8784 hourshow many hours in 2020? There are 8784 hours in the year 2020.
What is a 52 53 Week Year?
Calendar year – 12 consecutive months beginning January 1 and ending December 31. Fiscal year – 12 consecutive months ending on the last day of any month except December. A 52-53-week tax year is a fiscal tax year that varies from 52 to 53 weeks but does not have to end on the last day of a month.
What are the 5 week months in 2021?
Weekly Paychecks The following list shows which months have five paydays during those years: 2020: January, May, July, October. 2021: January, April, July, October, December.
Is 4 weeks considered a month?
What years have 53 Fridays?
Are there 53 weeks in 2021?
The year 2021 has 52 calendar weeks.
Is there 365 or 364 days in a year?
After all, 52*7 is only 364 and we all know there are 365 days in a non-leap year and 366 days in a leap year. Therefore there are always MORE than 52 weeks in a year. Sometimes 52 weeks 1 day (non-leap year).
How many work weeks are in a year?
52 weeksBut if you get paid for 2 extra weeks of vacation (at your regular hourly rate), or you actually work for those 2 extra weeks, then your total year now consists of 52 weeks. Assuming 40 hours a week, that equals 2,080 hours in a year. Your annual salary of $72,000 would end up being about $34.62 per hour.
What is the probability of getting 53 Fridays in the year 2023?
Exactly 17.75% of all years of the Gregorian calendar have 53 Fridays each. Years that have 53 Fridays are all years that begin on a Friday plus leap years that begin on a Thursday.
What is the probability of having 53 Fridays in a year?
The number of cases in which we get a Friday = 2. The probability of getting 53 Fridays in a leap year = 2/7.
How many Fridays are there in 2020 a year?
52 FridaysThere are exactly 52 Fridays in the year 2020. Most years have 365 days, but a leap year has 366 days.
What is the 52 week savings challenge?
Using the 52-week money challenge, you should deposit an increasing amount of money each week for one year. Match each week’s savings amount with the number of the week in your challenge. In other words, you’ll save $1 the first week, $2 the second week, $3 the third week, and so on until you put away $52 in week 52.
Can a year have 54 weeks?
The 54-Week Calendar contains exactly 54 weeks per year. In a leap year with 366 days, all adjacent months contain exactly 9 weeks (or 61 days) together and every month has one week with only 6 days in it. … In common years, the last week in the last month there also contains just 6 days.
Are there exactly 52 weeks in a year?
In modern calendar we have 365 days in a year when we divided by 7 days in a week it gives the answer 52.1428571 weeks.In leap year it would be occuring only every 4 years so it would give us 52 weeks in a year. Just one month has only 28 days in it (February).
What is 54 weeks in years?
This conversion of 54 weeks to years has been calculated by multiplying 54 weeks by 0.0191 and the result is 1.0356 years.
How often does a year have 53 weeks?
every five to six yearsThis occurs approximately every five to six years, though this is not always the case. 2006, 2012, 2017 and 2023 are all 53-week years.
How many weeks in a year are we?
Week 52 is from Monday, December 21, 2020 until (and including) Sunday, December 27, 2020. The highest week number in a year is either 52 or 53. 2020 has 53 weeks. ISO 8601 is not the only week numbering system in the world, other systems use weeks starting on Sunday (US) or Saturday (Islamic). |
Question: What Quick Ratio Is Too High?
What is the formula for quick ratio?
There are two ways to calculate the quick ratio: QR = (Current Assets – Inventories – Prepaids) / Current Liabilities.
QR = (Cash + Cash Equivalents + Marketable Securities + Accounts Receivable) / Current Liabilities..
What are the 3 types of ratios?
The three main categories of ratios include profitability, leverage and liquidity ratios. Knowing the individual ratios in each category and the role they plan can help you make beneficial financial decisions concerning your future.
How do you analyze debt ratio?
What does the debt to equity ratio tell us?
Is quick ratio a percentage?
Quick ratio is expressed as a number instead of a percentage. Quick ratio is a stricter measure of liquidity of a company than its current ratio. While current ratio compares the total current assets to total current liabilities, quick ratio compares cash and near-cash current assets with current liabilities.
What is ideal current ratio?
Can quick ratio negative?
If a current ratio is less than 1, the current liabilities exceed the current assets and the working capital is negative.
Is a high quick ratio good?
The quick ratio is considered a more conservative measure than the current ratio, which includes all current assets as coverage for current liabilities. The higher the ratio result, the better a company’s liquidity and financial health; the lower the ratio, the more likely the company will struggle with paying debts.
What is considered a high quick ratio?
The quick ratio represents the amount of short-term marketable assets available to cover short-term liabilities, and a good quick ratio is 1 or higher. The greater this number, the more liquid assets a company has to cover its short-term obligations and debts.
Which is better quick ratio or current ratio?
Both the current ratio and quick ratio measure a company’s short-term liquidity, or its ability to generate enough cash to pay off all debts should they become due at once. … The quick ratio is considered more conservative than the current ratio because its calculation factors in fewer items.
What causes quick ratio to decrease?
What is a good range for quick ratio?
The higher the quick ratio, the better the position of the company. The commonly acceptable current ratio is 1, but may vary from industry to industry. A company with a quick ratio of less than 1 can not currently pay back its current liabilities; it’s the bad sign for investors and partners.
Is a higher current ratio better or worse?
The current ratio is an indication of a firm’s liquidity. Acceptable current ratios vary from industry to industry. In many cases, a creditor would consider a high current ratio to be better than a low current ratio, because a high current ratio indicates that the company is more likely to pay the creditor back.
What is a good debt ratio?
A ratio of 15% or lower is healthy, and 20% or higher is considered a warning sign. Debt to income ratio: This indicates the percentage of gross income that goes toward housing costs. This includes mortgage payment (principal and interest) as well as property taxes and property insurance divided by your gross income. |
Studies suggest that what is good for the baby is also good for the mother. Feeding infants with breast milk have been shown to improve baby health and even their IQ, they have a stronger immune system and are healthier in the longer term.
“Although much has been written about the benefits of breastfeeding in infants, what is also true is that it is beneficial for the mothers as well.
Table of contents
Ranging from helping in losing post pregnancy kilos to averting the risk of breast cancer, nursing the infant is a win-win situation for both the mother and the baby,” says Dr Nandita Palshetkar [1].
Breastfeeding Benefits for Mothers
Breastfeeding Benefits for Mothers
Breastfeeding healthy for both the mother and the baby
1. Reduces the Risk of Breast Cancer
Women who breastfeed their infants reduce their risk of developing breast cancer by as much as 25 per cent [2].
2. Reduces the Risk of Uterine and Ovarian Cancer
3. Lessens Osteoporosis
4. Benefits Child Spacing
Since breastfeeding delays ovulation, the longer a mother breastfeeds the more she is able to practice natural child spacing, if she desires [5].
5. Promotes Emotional Health
Not only does breastfeeding benefit a mother’s body, it also benefits her mind. Studies show that breastfeeding mothers show less postpartum anxiety and depression than formula-feeding mothers do [6].
6. Promotes Postpartum Weight Loss
Breastfeeding mothers tend to have an earlier return to their pre-pregnant weight [7].
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7. Cost Effective
Not only is breastfeeding beneficial for health but also cost effective as it does not incur any costs unlike formula milk [8].
Nursing the baby naturally is also environment-friendly as it does not involve any plastic bottles or formula cans.
As welcome as all of these benefits are, though, most mothers put the feeling of maternal fulfilment at the top of their list of reasons for breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding provides a unique physical and emotional experience for the nursing mother and the baby and it is one parenting behaviour that is here to stay for a lifetime !!
Foods to increase breast milk quality & flow
Foods that improve breast milk quality
Foods that improve breast milk quality
1. Oatmeal
Oats are rich in calcium and fibre and thus helps in increasing the milk supply. It also prevents the occurrence of diabetes during post pregnancy [9].
You can have a bowl full of oatmeal for breakfast or can also go for oat cookies.
2. Salmon
Salmon is rich in omega-3 and essential fatty acids required by the body as they are highly nutritious and vital for breastfeeding mothers [10].
It helps boost lactation hormones by making the milk more nutritious and healthy. It simply improves the mother’s health so that she can produce the hormones necessary for milk production You can go for the boiled, steamed or the grilled one for your meal.
3. Spinach and Beet Leaves
These contain a high amount of calcium, iron, vitamin K, vitamin A and folic acid. Iron is required by the anaemic mothers [11].
It also helps to make the baby stronger. It contains some plant chemicals which prevent breast cancer. You can take the leaves and make soup or can make a paratha for a meal.
4. Carrots
Carrots are rich in beta-carotene and vitamin A which are needed by the lactating mothers [12]. Like spinach, it does help a lot for increasing lactation.
It provides with energy and improves the quality and supply of milk. Having a glass of carrot juice with lunch or breakfast will work as an amazing food for lactating mother.
5. Fennel Seeds (Saunf)
Fennel is a rich source of vitamin C, and one of the foods to increase breast milk quickly. Apart from this, it also aids in digestion and settles an upset belly [13].
6. Fenugreek Seeds (Methi)
Fenugreek is a great source of iron, protein and vitamin C. It enhances the milk’s quality and also increases the milk supply within a few days of consuming the fenugreek herb [14].
7. Garlic
Garlic is considered as the most popular food to boost lactation in nursing mothers. It has been known since ages for its various medicinal and lactogenic properties.
Consuming garlic prevents all types of cancer. When mothers take a garlic supplement before nursing; babies take more milk and that too more frequently.
You can add it in the vegetable of your choice or you can sauté a handful of garlic cloves in ghee and complement it with steamed rice [15].
8. Barley
The food not only boosts lactation but also keeps the person hydrated [16]. You can go for homemade barley solution by boiling barley in some water and have the solution throughout the day or toss in the barley with other vegetables.
9. Sesame Seeds
The food rich in calcium is very helpful to boost breast milk supply. Both the black and white sesame seeds are beneficial [17].
10. Drumstick
A great source of iron and calcium is good for breast milk [18]. It helps boosts immunity levels and enhances the nervous system of the baby as well as the mother. Have it steamed with some flavours or use it with vegetable fillings.
These are some of the superfoods to increase breast milk naturally. You can include them in your daily diet with a healthy and proper routine and see the changes in your milk supply.
A balanced and nutritious diet can provide the baby with a variety of nutrients. Mother’s diet affects the quantity and quality of milk, so it is advisable to take a balanced and nutritious diet, rich in calcium, protein, vitamins and minerals. Including a lot of fluids is also very important while breastfeeding. Here are some recipes to enhance lactation.
4 Super Easy Recipes Excellent for Breastfeeding
Recipes Excellent for Breastfeeding
Recipes Excellent for Breastfeeding
1. Fenugreek Tea
Soak a teaspoon of fenugreek seeds in a cup of water overnight. The next morning boil that water until it reduces a little, strain and drinks the fenugreek tea/decoction warm.
2. Sesame Seeds Laddu
Grind sesame seeds coarsely and add powdered jaggery to it. Dry grind both together until well combined. Transfer it to a plate, add coarsely ground peanuts and mix everything well. Make balls and store it in an airtight container. You do not have to add ghee as the oil content in the sesame seeds helps to bind the laddus well.
3. Barley Water
Wash and soak 1/4 cup of barley overnight and pressure cook with 2 cups of water. Filter it and drink the water when it is warm throughout the day. If it is thick, you can add more water.
4. Dry Fruits and Nut Laddoo
Heat a tablespoon of ghee and roast all the nuts (as required) i.e almonds, cashew nuts, pistachio and walnuts on a medium heat.
Allow it to cool and powder it slightly coarse. Heat a teaspoon of ghee and saute some raisins until they are puffed up. Heat 2 tsp of ghee and saute the dates (Buy dates which are soft and remove the seeds from them and grind it coarsely ).
Add honey, mix well and saute until the dates become soft. Now mix all of them together and grease your hands with ghee and make small balls when the mixture is warm. Roll the balls in roasted sesame seeds or grated coconut and enjoy.
So here was all about breastfeeding, its innumerable benefits for your baby and yourself. For more on health, nutrition and well being, talk to our Possible Nutritionist today. The first consultation is on us. Click here.
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Separation Anxiety
Anxiety & Boredom
Dog Separation Anxiety and Boredom
One of the leading causes for animals to be surrendered to shelters or rescues is destructive chewing. Some people realize after getting a dog that they start to destroy things in the house and they think the dog is a bad dog. The dog is not a bad dog just bored out of its mind because no one will play with or entertain them. Dogs act out just like kids when they want your attention.
There are two types of energy: Brain energy, which causes us to be tired when we use this type of energy and physical energy, which only takes a short time to recover. Brain energy can be associated to being taught a new computer program at work. After you have spent an entire day learning a new computer program you feel exhausted and most often want to take a nap after work. Physical energy can be associated with walking five miles, aerobic exercise, or jogging. After you do this, you may feel tired, but physical energy provides you with good cardiovascular exercise and restored energy. Animals need both types of exercise, however, brain energy is more exhausting and helps destructive behaviors.
What is Brain Energy?
Brain energy is what we use or exhaust so to speak when we have to figure something out, like learning a new computer program or figuring out a puzzle. When you give your dog a toy and they have to figure out how to get the treat, they use brain energy. Your dog has to spend time thinking about how to roll it a certain way to get the reward. Chewing is also a natural behavior for dogs and working a treat toy to get the treat is very rewarding. Some dogs take a long time to figure out how to get the reward, other dogs only a short period of time. We call these toys educational treat toys because they provide stimulation for your dog that exhaust brain energy.
Some dogs that become very destructive with their separation anxiety need lots of little games or puzzles to keep their mind busy so they will not eat the house while you are at work. For example, once your dog masters treat toys and can get the rewards fairly quickly. Now change the game and hide the treat toy in the house when you leave for work. (Make sure your dog doesn’t see you hiding them. Remember it’s a game of hide and seek with a yummy smelly treat toys.) If your dog masters that one, the next thing would be to purchase different educational treat toys and hide them throughout the house. If that is not working, take smelly treats and lather them in peanut butter or yogurt and fill the toy. Then take the toy and put it in the freezer overnight. Once this little cocktail is frozen give it to your dog to figure out. The freezing makes it take longer to get at the treats.
What is Physical Energy?
Physical energy is what dogs use when they catch a flying squirrel, tennis ball or Jolly Ball. A dog uses physical energy to run and play at the dog park. All dogs need to exhaust this type of energy. Dogs can recoup pretty fast from a day at the dog park. Most dogs are bred to be physically fit, so exercising is not something new to a dog.
You can turn physical energy into brain energy very easily. For example if you are playing with Chuck It and tossing the tennis ball for your dog, ask your dog to sit and stay. Then toss the ball. Let your dog watch the tennis ball launch into the air and land. Then release your dog to go get the ball. Now you are taking a physical game of fetch and turning it into a game where you dog needs to use his brain to think. Making your dog wait until you say “Okay” will exhaust brain energy. Now your dog is thinking about what you want from him instead of just chase the ball. If you have to take baby steps, start with holding the tennis ball in one hand and your dog’s collar in the other hand. Give the command “sit” and “stay” then slowly toss the ball. If your dog tries to run after it, correct the dog and put him back in a “sit-stay” position. Once you have received the command that you have asked for, release the dog to get the ball. Give your dog Big Cheerleader praises when the dog returns with the ball. Continue to repeat this until your dog can hold a “sitstay” position without the assistance of you holding onto his collar. Once you have done that, you have exhausted brain energy and your dog will now think this game of fetch has a whole new meaning.
Other things that you can do, is to take the simple things in life and turn them into brain energy training time. For example, if you free feed your dog a treat for just being cute STOP!!! Practice the rule “Nothing in life is for FREE” your dog should do something to earn a treat, even if it means sit, lie down, stand pretty, or roll over. We feed treats throughout our day, however every time we give our dog a treat, we expect something in return because “Nothing in life is for Free”. We have taught all sorts of little tricks with just 5-minute training sessions per day. We have taught our dogs to turn right, turn left, roll over and a host of other neat tricks. It doesn’t take a lot of energy to do, just time out of your day. Once you make it a routine in your day to train your dog, it becomes a habit not a training session. |
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UCONN / History / HIST 1400 / hist 89hc study guide
hist 89hc study guide
hist 89hc study guide
School: University of Connecticut
Department: History
Course: Modern Western Traditions History 1400
Professor: Paul canning
Term: Spring 2016
Tags: french revolution, history, terms, class conflict, france, england, and enlightenment
Cost: 50
Name: Review for Exam 1 Hist 1400
Description: These are examples of what you can do. In this course you usually get tests with part identification of terms and part essay. You can see my planning for the essay question on causes/reasons for the outbreak of the French Revolution and the terms I practiced.
Uploaded: 02/24/2016
6 Pages 4 Views 6 Unlocks
Essay Prompt 9 Exam 1
What is Gridlock?
Hannah Nauyen 2/16/16
French Revoltion causes
Longterm lo Cress conflict: middle class ricted bic they were mad that aristocrats were in gov. but they couldn't be 2. Financial Crisis: France was on the verge of bankruptcy due to past &
present wars 3. The Enlightenment: thoughts to
challenge the government emerged 4. American Revolution French people
read of the American Revolutich
from the newspapers and were inspired to fight for their rights as well 15 Gridlock the king / gov. could not do
anything to fix France's problems 16. Weak Kinas: Louis XV (15) was
pndecisive, Louis XVI (16) was even more indecisive
7. Aristocratic Resurgence: (Parlements),
middle class & aristocrats were
gaining more power, nobles felt they
did not have to follow laus, 1774) LOUIS X abolish Parlements & then dies so his inexperienced grandsen
Aristocratic Resurgence
takes the throne 3 re-endstates Parlements
Essay Prompt 9 Exam 1
Study So
Hannah Nguyen 2116/16 og 2
French Revolution causes to Short term 1. Bad Harvest food shortage made
prices of bread skyrocket and the I consumers angry thaigh to rict 2. Summoning of the Estates General
for May 1789: bi nobles (wanted control, tlf entitled) Coeveryone else Don't forget about the age old question of moreases
Don't forget about the age old question of 100000x1000
ended with everything should be merit based, everyone should be treated fairly 3. LOUIS XVI tuing to please everyches
he ups the # of people in qov. to
600 (from 300) but they all met separately so they ricted until they Lclergy noblesleveryene else) cauldu
meet together i 4. The Storhina of the Bastille (Paris). radical jarnalists write bad things about the King Louis XVI & people believe
it, people take weapons from the
Prison/armory (Bastille) 5 The Cureat Felur: the revolution spread fear to the cantryside, due to rumors of foriean forces potentially coming in peasants. attack the nobles & fecuellismdies overnight 16. October Days: there wasn't chagh food
What is bad harvest?
If you want to learn more check out savita sahay rutgers
for the people of France, women went to I Versaille to get the King Louis VI, the King was considered a prisoner of the revolition
List of Terms & Def.
Mercantilism-positive balance of trade, attempt at central crops, goo. Treaulation to increase wealth of the Kingdom, more export than import We also discuss several other topics like biol 1107
» Stripped down version of Christianity * Huguenots- Calvinist followers of France,
I minority but strong, 40-50% of French
Inobility * Charles I- attempted absolute monarchy,
-ship-money (Hauns near the share If you want to learn more check out sue sue sue abnormal psychology
paid taxes to support the navy),
decided he wasn't going to call on parliament but later gives in and calls them anway because
the Earl of strafford advised him to Charles II - comes after Oliver Cromwell died, worked w/ Parliament, test acts.
Canti-catholic, pro-Anglicans), held military and civil Offices James I-pro-Catholic, sent England into religious crisis, died in 3 years
> not English, more Irish /scotish * Glorious Revolutien-blood revolution in the
11680s that put Protestant William II and If you want to learn more check out gonphoses
Mary on the throne instead of Catholic
reader James II
List of Terms & Def. 2116116 Exam 1
pg 2 John Churchill - Duke of Marborough, English commander at Blenheim 1964 Treaty of Utrecht 1113-ended the war of succession, English open to trade with spanish, a Bourbch Spanish
ruler, England wanted peace years) * Copernicus- Earth is not the center
of the universe, the sun is attracted other astronomers, Revolution of the
Heavenly Orbs A * Galileo - Prominent figure in the
scientific Revowtion, first to use the telescope, got criticism from the church Louis XVI (16)- left enlarged territories,
debt, and unhappy populace which later lead to the Enlightenment
period, Mississippi company Chad a monopoly on trade) John Law,
John Low helped him rule b/c he was yang Sir Robert Walpole-first prime minister
of Great Britain, become more important than the Ring, wanted
to stay out of war to let the economy recover
| List of Terms & Def.
Exam 1
12/16/16 war of Jenkin's Ear-Spain vs. pg
Great Britain, France joins to
support pain against Britain war of Spanish Succession-(1702-1713), Engiand, Holland, Prussia, And Austria VS. Spain 3 France, Louis XIV of
France was put on the spainish. throne after Charles I, King of Spain died, Louis XI wanted to inite
France & Spain but the Grand Alliance of Britain Holland, Prussia, B
Austria wanted to put the Archduke Charles of Austria on the Spanish
throne Peter the Great (Russia) [1682 1125] westornited Russia, wanted to break
Russia out of isolation, learned
to make Ships a Montesquieu- the noble class, wrote the
Spirit of the Laus labaut ishy gov.was It the way they were)
apbad yurant
evole e sono le parolesCritical of the church,
y control the
gove not
gorol control the people)
List of Terms & Def
РОН Adam Smith-founder of classical economics, wrote The wealth of Nations (1976), came up with the
concept of supply and demand Edmund Gibbson - historian, wrote "The Decline and Fall of the Holy Roman Empire (1776, he was
a skeptic t believed religich was
a human creation in Parliament but never spoke a word
Page Expired |
India Now Suffers From The Highest Inequality In Almost 100 Years: Report
7 Sep 2017 11:03 AM GMT
A newspaper released by economists Thomas Piketty and Lucas Chancel showed inequality in India may be at its highest level since 1922, when the country’s income tax law was conceived, with 22% income accruing to the top 1% income earners, reported The Times of India.
Surging inequality in India
The top 1% of earners captured less than 21% of total income in the late 1930s before dropping to 6% in early 1980s and rising to 22% today,” said the paper titled ‘Indian income inequality, 1922-2014: From British Raj to Billionaire Raj?,’ a revised version of which was released on Tuesday, 5 September 2017.
Income inequality was shown to have fallen to the least in the 1970s and 1980s when India’s GDP and per capita income growth had reached one of the lowest levels. This trend in India is in line with experiences of other major economies across the world like China and France. The paper also shows that between 1980 and 2014, the income of top 0.1% earners in France and China rose six times faster than the income bottom of 50%.
In India, the growth rate of top 1% was 13 times higher, while it was 77 times higher in the US. The latest paper from Picketty and Chancel is expected to trigger debate about the state of inequality in India. It also reflects whether benefits of higher growth have spread to all classes across the country.
The global nature of inequality have been recognised by the economists but they have also stated the striking dynamics of inequality in India’s context. They state gap between the growth of top 1% and growth of full population is highest in India. Top 0.1% income earners represented less than 8 lakh individuals in 2013-14, which is even less than the population of Gurugram.
They said, “It is a sharp contrast to the 389 million individuals that made up the bottom half of the adult population in late 2013.”
Insufficiency of data to measure inequality
The economists have said that income distribution data for India is very difficult to find. Bibek Debroy, a member of NITI Aayog, government think tank said for measuring income inequality in a country like India, income tax data is not a suitable parameter.
Pronab Sen, former chief statistician of India, told the Times of IndiaThe national sample survey data (NSS) data indicated that in 2004-2005, inequality increased sharply. The NSS measures consumption and underestimates the degree of inequality. If you could measure income distribution, which very few do, it is much worse.”
Growth rates
There was a moderate rise of the middle class during 1980 – 2014, Piketty and Chancel have concluded, based on their calculations. This was the time when the economy was liberalised and income growth rates picked up.
Shining India corresponds to the top 10% of the population, (80 million adult individuals, approx. as of 2014) rather than the middle 40%. Relatively speaking, the shining decades for the middle 40% group corresponded to the 1951-1980 period, when this group captured a much higher share of total growth (49%) than it did over the past 40 years,” the economists added.
The paper’s authors also said they did not have the capacity to put an end to the debate about tangible reforms on inequality or poverty.
Reasons behind inequality
Other causes of inequality include illiteracy, property laws, social stratification and the absence of a proper health care system. Each of them is complex, but they are all pressing matters that the Government must tackle delicately.
The Logical Indian take
To prevent the catastrophic concentration of wealth in society, Piketty articulated that governments should impose higher taxes on the wealthy and invest more in social sectors like education and health. Piketty asked India’s elite to not be blinded by plain economic growth but to also see to it that the wealth distribution as a result of economic growth is not dangerously unequal, while at the same time paying attention to the health and education of citizens.
The barriers that divide our nation have to be broken down so that we become an inclusive society, which will lead to an inclusive economy; thus, less poverty and more equality. For this to happen, we need agricultural research, proper land reforms, increase in per capita food production, education reforms, gender equality, and an active Government which will deliver these needs. Fighting inequality means building India. And we all must work towards that goal.
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It can be defined as the inorganic and organic substance which constitutes the cytoplasm, the nucleus, mitochondria and the plastids of the cell. According to the Cell Theory, all living things are composed of one or more cells, and the functions of a multi-cellular organism are a consequence of the types of cells it has. Cytoplasm functions as the site of energy production, storage, and the manufacture of cellular components. From what we have read cells fall into two broad groups: prokaryotes and eukaryotes cells. The cytoplasm is a semi-fluid substance that fills the entire space of a cell from the outer layer of the double membrane-bound nucleus to the inner layer ofthe cell membrane.
Description: Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. ." Further Reading: Difference Between Cytoplasm and Protoplasm.
Function: Packages proteins for export from cell; forms secretory vesicles.
“Golgi” is the name of the person who first described these structures. The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells also functions to transport dissolved nutrients around the cell and move waste material out of the cell. (October 16, 2020). Required fields are marked *. Cells are involved in all the processes in an organism’s body and carry out the fundamental activities that make life possible. They have exclusive control of a cell. If the eukaryotic cell is capable of photosynthetic activity, then chlorophyll containing organelles known as chloroplasts are also present. Function: Sites of photosynthesis. Each of these organelles performs a specific function critical to the cells survival. Although individual cells may differ greatly from each other in mature…, cell membrane (plasmalemma, plasma membrane, protoplast) A sheet-like membrane, 7.5–10 nm thick, that forms a selectively permeable barrier enclosing…, Cell death The cytoplasm is responsible for holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage. Fungi that grow as yeasts at one temperature but as molds at another temperature are called _____.
In eukaryotic cells, ... - cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum. In cell biology, each eukaryotic cell is separated into two categories: the nucleus, which we just described above, and the cytoplasm, which is, well, everything else. Containing the subunits necessary for the formation of cell cytoskeleton that helps in maintain the cell’s shape and motility. The cytoplasm is a fluid-like substance that fills up the cells. Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, the plasma membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and regulates the movement of substances in and out of cells. These help in the transfer of genetic material outside the nucleus directly from mother to the offspring (, Cytoplasm- Definition, Structure, Functions and Diagram –. The physical process involving the division of cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells is called cytokinesis. The proteins form three filamentous structures known as microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments. Donate or volunteer today! Why Management Is Important For Business Business Essay. Next, is the nucleus, one of the biggest organelle. It regulates the environment of the cell and maintains the cell shape. Also Refer: Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. In eukaryotic cells, such as plant and animal cells, the cytoplasm consists of three main components., "Cytoplasm, Eukaryotic The consistency of the cytoplasm is the result of the other constituents of the cell that are floating in fluid. In terms of size and composition, this makes them distinct from the … So we can say that life presents to have a great variety of organization.
The overall purpose of this Learning Object is: 1) to learn the chemical makeup and the functions associated with the cytoplasmic membrane in eukaryotic cells; and 2) to compare the various methods eukaryotic cells use to transport materials across their cytoplasmic membrane. Description: Stacks of flattened vesicles. It stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving the cell its shape. In all eukaryotic cell types, such as plants and animals cells, it consists of the cytosol, the vesicles, the cytoskeleton, the inclusions, and all other organelles except the nucleus. The protoplasm is generally referred to as the living part of the cell. World of Microbiology and Immunology.
All these structures are distinct and perform specific functions. Later, many scientists contributed to Robert Hooke’s findings and eventually, the Cell Theory was postulated. However, unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have: a membrane-bound nucleus; numerous membrane-bound organelles (including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria) several rod-shaped chromosomes Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. In short, if the cell is represented by a castle, the plasma membrane is the wall that provides structure for the buildings inside the wall, regulates which people leave and enter the castle, and conveys messages to and from neighboring castles. .
Thus, the cytoplasm is not a part of the interior of the organelles. Protoplasm is remains enclosed in it. which are either suspended or dissolved in the fluid component of the protoplasm. Types of Blood Cells With Their Structure, and Functions, The Main Parts of a Plant With Their Functions, Parts of a Flower With Their Structure and Functions, Parts of a Leaf With Their Structure and Functions, Colorless jellylike fluid with 70%-80% water content, Contains dissolved nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, salts, sugars, amino acids, nucleotides, and waste products, The exact physical nature and chemical composition varies based on the metabolic and physiological state of the cell, Conducts electricity due to its dissolved salt and mineral contents. Cytoplasm does not have a definite structure. It is a semi-liquid jelly-like material, which joins the nucleus and the cell membrane. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list.
The cytoplasm in the eukaryotic cells associates with the cell contents except for the nucleus. Also present throughout the cytoplasm are the mitochondria, which are the principal energy generating structures of the cell. It fills up the cells thus enabling the organelles to remain in their position. In these types of cells, the cytoplasm is all of the contents of the cell that are bound by the outer cell membrane. Eukaryotic Cell Structure. Just as a hole in the wall can be a disaster for the castle, a rupture in the plasma membrane causes the cell to lyse and die. Cell organelles are various structures existing inside cells.
It is the external covering of a cell where all different parts, including cytoplasm and nucleus, are enclosed. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from The second component of the protoplasm is the nucleus, which contains the genetic material of an organism and is situated in the nucleus. OpenStax College, Biology. Cells control the metabolism and biochemistry of organisms. Practice: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, Practice: Basic characteristics of the cell, Biology is brought to you with support from the Amgen Foundation. The cells, in comparison to the eukaryotes, are smaller and have an uncomplicated arrangement of the cytoplasm. These are not waste product. Without a nucleus, the cell will not be able to perform any activity and will eventually die.
Cytoplasm functions as the site of energy production, storage, and the manufacture of cellular components. The cytoplasm is the site of almost all of the chemical activity occurring in a eukaryotic cell. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. 16 Oct. 2020 . These findings suggest broad cellular implications in higher eukaryotes for N-terminal methionine formylation.
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Common Garter Snake: The Gardener's Friend
Common Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis The Common Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, often referred to as a garden snakes or as a gardener snakes, can be found in a wide variety of habitats which may include our own backyards. The Common Garter Snake tends to prefer wet, grassy environments but are highly adaptable and can survive the ever-changing weather conditions we experience in Wisconsin. Some may refer to these creatures as pests, while others enjoy having them slither through their gardens. There are many benefits to sharing our neighborhood with these reptiles.
Many people report significant benefits to having Common Garter Snakes in their yards. They are seemingly a natural pest control. Common Garter Snakes feed on earthworms, snails, grasshoppers, ants, crickets, and occasionally, rodents. Many of the insects Common Garter Snakes feed on are the ones feasting in our gardens.
While it’s hard not to let out a squeal when you stumble upon one, garter snakes are more afraid of us than we are of them.
Test Your Knowledge: Try the Garter Snake Quiz
Graphic of snake anatomy Common garter snakes are highly variable in color pattern. They typically have three light stripes that run along the length of their body on a black, brown, gray, or olive background. The stripes can be white, yellow, blue, greenish, or brown. One stripe runs down the center of the snake's back, the other two stripes run alongside this central stripe. Sometimes the stripes are absent or poorly defined. Some garter snakes have alternating rows of dark spots that run along the stripes, making the stripes look more like checkerboard patterns of light, rather than lines.
Common garter snakes have a head that is wider than the neck and is uniformly dark. Their tongues are red, tipped in black, and their scales are keeled (with a raised ridge along the length of the scale). The chin, throat and belly resemble the stripes in coloration, ranging from white to yellow, greenish, blue, or brown.
Common Garter Snakes grow to be 18 to 55 inches in length. Males are generally smaller than females and have longer tails. Young Common Garter Snakes are born at 4 to 9 inches in length and are similar in appearance to the adults.
Common Garter Snakes are very widespread, highly adaptable and can survive extreme environmental conditions. Common garter snakes are found in a wide variety of habitats, including meadows, marshes, woodlands, and hillsides. They tend to prefer moist, grassy environments. They are often found near water, such as near the edges of ponds, lakes, ditches, and streams, and are common in suburban and urban areas with plenty of cover (debris, boards, vegetation, logs, or rocks).
An aphid feeds by inserting its proboscis, stylet or straw-like mouthpart into the phloem or inner cells of a plant. Upon insertion the aphid draws the plant’s juices or sap. This feeding activity will normally cause leaf and stem deformities and it can aid the transmission of various plant diseases, both bacterial and viral, all of which can affect the plant’s appearance and value.
These snakes begin mating in the spring as soon as they emerge from hibernation. The males leave the den first and wait for the females to exit. Once the females leave the den the males surround them. The males give off pheromones that attract the females.
After the female has chosen her mate and mated, she returns to her summer habitat to feed and to find a proper birth place. However, the males stay to re-mate with other available females. The females have the ability to store the male's sperm until it is needed and thus a female may not mate if she does not find a proper partner.
Males become sexually mature at 1.5 years and females become sexually mature at two years.
Female common garter snakes nurture their young in their bodies until they are born. The mother gives birth to live young, she doesn't lay eggs. Newly born snakes tend to stay around their mother for several hours or days but she provides no parental care or protection after they are born.
The average lifespan of wild common garter snakes is approximately two years. Most common garter snakes probably die in their first year of life. Common garter snakes reach sexual maturity, and maximum size, at 3 to 4 years of age.
Common Garter Snakes typically eat earthworms, amphibians, leeches, slugs, snails, insects, crayfish, small fish and other snakes. They seem immune to the toxic skin secretions of toads and can eat them without harm. Occasionally small mammals, lizards, or baby birds are eaten as well. Common Garter Snakes find their prey using their excellent sense of smell and their vision.
They use several different hunting methods, such as peering, craning, and ambushing to capture their prey. The different techniques describe the way the snakes move while they hunt. They immobilize their prey using their sharp teeth and quick reflexes. The saliva of Common Garter Snakes may be slightly toxic to some of their small prey, making it easier to handle them while they are being eaten. Like other snakes, they swallow their food whole.
Juvenile Common Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis Common garter snakes communicate with each other primarily through touch and smell, especially for breeding. Outside of the breeding season they do not interact much with other snakes. They use their forked tongues to collect chemicals from the air and insert these forks into a special organ in the roof of their mouth, which interprets these chemical signals, called pheromones. Pheromones can be used as a tracking device for garter snakes. Using their acute sense of smell, common garter snakes can locate other snakes or trails left behind by other snakes through the pheromones given off by their skin. After they are born, baby snakes follow the same pheromone trails to feed and locate other common garter snakes.
Snakes are also sensitive to vibrations and have reasonably good vision.
Common Garter Snakes are eaten by a wide variety of predators, which varies throughout their range. Large fish, bullfrogs, snapping turtles, milk snakes, American crows, hawks, great blue herons, raccoons, foxes, squirrels, and shrews are some of the animals that prey on Common Garter Snakes. They rely on stealth and camouflage for protection, and will flee into water to escape predators on land. Their stripes make them difficult to see properly and capture in grassy areas.
If unable to flee they coil to make themselves appear larger, and may strike and bite. If grabbed, these snakes writhe and release a foul-smelling secretion; they will also urinate on their attacker
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How Plant Leaves Work
Structure of a Typical Leaf
Leaf structure is deceptively simple
Leaf Arrangement
Leaf Form
Leaf forms: Simple, palmatively compound, pinnately compound and doubly compound
Leaf Structure and Function
Leaf stomata diagram The outermost layer of the leaf is the epidermis. It is present on both sides of the leaf and is called the upper and lower epidermis, respectively. Botanists call the upper side the adaxial surface (or adaxis) and the lower side the abaxial surface (or abaxis). The epidermis helps in the regulation of gas exchange. It contains stomata: openings through which the exchange of gases takes place. Two guard cells surround each stoma, regulating its opening and closing.
Leaf xylem and phloem diagram Like the stem, the leaf contains vascular bundles composed of xylem and phloem. The xylem consists of tracheids and vessels, which transport water and minerals to the leaves. The phloem transports the photosynthetic products from the leaf to the other parts of the plant. A single vascular bundle, no matter how large or small, always contains both xylem and phloem tissues.
Leaf Adaptations
Why Leaves Change Color
Why do leaves change color in the fall? When leaves appear green, it is because they contain an abundance of chlorophyll. There is so much chlorophyll in an active leaf that the green masks other pigment colors. Light regulates chlorophyll production, so as autumn days grow shorter, less chlorophyll is produced. The decomposition rate of chlorophyll remains constant, so the green color starts to fade from leaves.
At the same time, surging sugar concentrations cause increased production of anthocyanin pigments. Leaves containing primarily anthocyanins will appear red. Carotenoids are another class of pigments found in some leaves. Carotenoid production is not dependent on light, so levels aren't diminished by shortened days. Carotenoids can be orange, yellow, or red, but most of these pigments found in leaves are yellow. Leaves with good amounts of both anthocyanins and carotenoids will appear orange.
Leaves with carotenoids but little or no anthocyanin will appear yellow. In the absence of these pigments, other plant chemicals also can affect leaf color. An example includes tannins, which are responsible for the brownish color of some oak leaves.
Temperature affects the rate of chemical reactions, including those in leaves, so it plays a part in leaf color. However, it's mainly light levels that are responsible for fall foliage colors.
Sunny autumn days are needed for the brightest color displays, since anthocyanins require light. Overcast days will lead to more yellows and browns.
The main pigment classes responsible for leaf color are porphyrins, carotenoids, and flavonoids. The color that we perceive depends on the amount and types of the pigments that are present. Chemical interactions within the plant, particularly in response to acidity (pH) also affect the leaf color.
Leaf Pigments
Pigment Class Compound Type Colors
Porphyrin Chlorophyll Green
Carotenoid Carotene and Lycopene Yellow, Orange, Red
Carotenoid Xanthphyll Yellow
Flavonoid Flavone Yellow
Flavonoid Flavonol Yellow
Flavonoid Anthrocyanin Red, Blue, Purple, Magenta
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So, Why Are Generators Used On A Construction Site?
The answer to this question is simple: any construction activity needs electricity to power the wide range of machinery and equipment that is being used. The majority of the time, the construction workers cannot tap into the local electricity supply as they are in remote areas where the grid supply doesn’t reach, or the grid is not able to supply the required power continuously. This is where the generation of power comes in very handy, to supply the much-needed electric power.
The Types of Generators Used
There are a few common types of generators that are used on construction sites, depending on where they are located; construction sites can be placed anywhere, from bridges, houses, commercial shops and rural roads to large commercial buildings (shopping centres), train stations and schools. Each activity will need a different level of power to allow them to use their equipment and machinery, meaning a different generator could be needed for every single task. Below, we will outline the most common types of generators used on various construction sites:
High Powered Generators
High powered generators provide massive amounts of power that is mostly needed at larger construction sites that use machinery such as earth moving equipment, material handling machinery and road laying tools. For this type of machinery, there are a variety of heavy-duty machinery out there that can provide a huge amount of power output. It’s worth noting that sometimes, your equipment will need a start-up voltage which is very high and these details should be factored in when determining your total power needs.
construction site generators
Medium Powered Generators
Medium powered generators can produce the power needed for smaller construction sites, such as building small houses, smaller roads, low-rise apartments, and temporary construction jobs. Smaller sites still need electric tools and equipment, including circular saws, concrete mixers, tile cutters, and other things. If you require power for tools like the ones we’ve just mentioned, we recommend purchasing a medium powered generator. We offer both new and used diesel generators.
‘Standby’ Generators
‘Standby’ generators are generators that you have spare if another power supply fails for whatever reason. They can act as a sort of ‘stop-gap’ arrangement when the main power supply is under maintenance or is being repaired, for instance.
Useful Features Of Construction Site Generators
When using generators on your construction site, there are a few things that you should know regarding their features and benefits. In this section, we are going to outline a few of the essential features of generators being used on a construction site.
• Generators are built to survive rough weather conditions and are perfect for use on construction sites all over the world, regardless of the time of year.
• Large, stationary generators are best for use on construction sites as they tend to provide the most power. However, portable generators can be used if you need to constantly be on the move from section to section.
• Generators for construction sites usually provide a single-phase or three-phase power output and the output range can vary quite a lot.
• They tend to have a very long run time, allowing you to use the generated power to work all day. This means that jobs will be completed quicker and more efficiently.
• Almost all generators suitable for construction sites have their outlets covered, meaning harsh weather like rain or snow won’t get inside and cause damage to the generator itself. |
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Queen Elizabeth II
Soul Urge (Heart Desire) Number 8
She was born on Wednesday April 21st 1926, in London, England.
Queen Elizabeth II wants success in its fullest meaning - wealth, power, and material comforts. She has an enormous ambition. Elizabeth dreams of big projects, great undertakings, and rewards.
Queen Elizabeth is a visionary. She sees the horizon and the promise. In general, Queen Elizabeth II also sees the methods necessary to fulfill that promise. But she is not especially good with details; Elizabeth needs others to help her deal with the smaller parts of the picture. Her challenge is to make full use of the full spectrum of her abilities, as indicated by her other core numbers. In the same way, Queen Elizabeth must bring forth the best from others and orchestrate their talents toward the realization of her vision. In short, Queen Elizabeth II must lead by example, demonstrating the standard for commitment, determination, and excellence.
All of this requires effort on Queen Elizabeth II's part. She will meet with obstacles and difficulties. Her determination and commitment will be tested. But Elizabeth has the power to overcome every obstacle she faces and accomplish the goal she has set for herself.
Elizabeth's task in life is to learn to use power in refined and elevated ways. The expression and use of power is directly related to One's personal evolution. The more primitive uses of power rest with violence and the threat of deprivation. The higher expressions depend upon Queen Elizabeth's capacity to care for and nourish the people and projects in her charge, giving each exactly what is needed at the appropriate time and in appropriate amounts.
It is essential for Elizabeth to be involved in a project that challenges her and offers the potential for rewards. When she is uninvolved or unoccupied with a worthwhile task, Queen Elizabeth can become deeply despondent, depressed, and frustrated. Queen Elizabeth II is the perfect example of the old cliche, "Idle hands are the devils workshop." Without a challenge, she can lose balance in life and become selfish, cruel, and even self-destructive. Disappointments become shattering, causing terrible consequences in self-image and self-love.
Perspective is everything for Queen Elizabeth II. She has a natural talent for balancing the spiritual and material planes.
Elizabeth needs to cultivate courage and stamina. Courage is a choice. Queen Elizabeth II needs to decide to be brave in the face of fear. A balanced 8 is among the most powerful and satisfying of numbers. It is the spirit of the true survivor, able to bounce back and achieve a greater victory.
You and Elizabeth
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About Elizabeth's Soul Urge (Heart's Desire) number
Queen Elizabeth II's Soul Urge number represents her inner self. The Soul Urge number, also called Heart's Desire, shows Elizabeth's underlying urge - her true motivation.
It reveals the general intention behind many of Queen Elizabeth's actions. Consequently, it dramatically influences the choices Queen Elizabeth II makes in life.
Read more about our interpretation of Queen Elizabeth II's soul urge (heart's desire) number . . .
Other celebrities with Soul Urge number 8 as Queen Elizabeth II
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Portrait of Blake Shelton
Portrait of Iggy Azalea
Portrait of Mariah Carey
Portrait of Cara Delevingne |
Spinal Stenosis Topic Guide
Spinal Stenosis Spinal Stenosis: Spinal stenosis is defined as an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal. The most common cause of spinal stenosis is degenerative arthritis. The types of spinal stenosis depend on the location along the spine, cervical, thoracic, or lumbar. Symptoms are generally experienced to the areas of the body that is regulated by that portion of the nerves in the spinal chord. Possible symptoms include worsening balance, falling, dropping objects, difficulty buttoning buttons or picking up small coins, loss of control of the bowel and/or bladder, pain, numbness, tingling, weakness along the path of the nerve being compressed, myelopathy (spinal cord compression), weakness or cramping in the arms and hands, and weakness or cramping in the legs and feet, particularly progressively with walking and being relieved with resting. Treatment for spinal stenosis is generally surgery.
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Pregabalin is an anti-epileptic drug, also called an anticonvulsant. It works by slowing down impulses in the brain that cause seizures. Pregabalin also aff...learn more » |
Beware When you see Numbers in GMAT Critical Reasoning
In this video, you will learn how to react when you see numbers in GMAT Critical Reasoning. The content of this video will prove helpful in solving verbal questions on GMAT.
Beware when you see Numbers in GMAT Critical Reasoning
Critical reasoning questions that include numerical values tend to pose a unique set of challenges, on the GMAT. As numbers tend to lend a more concrete quality to the information presented, it is easy to get confused by them and miss the core point of the passage. In this short article, we will cover how to avoid being tricked by numbers in GMAT critical reasoning questions.
Numbers in GMAT Critical Reasoning
Remember to pay very close attention to the argument, when the GMAT passage contains numbers; especially, numbers that can make an impression. It is important to consider these numbers carefully, as quite often, the "catch" or "trap" of the CR question is somehow related to the number. Let us illustrate this concept through the following example.
Example 1 - Which of the following, if true, weakens the conclusion?
The GDP of Xitora has grown by 15% during the tenure of the current political party. Hence the political party has done a good job and should stay in power for a second term.
The missing link in this passage is the link between the 15% GDP growth and the performance of the political party, and the conclusion is that the party has done a good job and should stay in power.
The issue in this question, and others like it, is that the numbers mentioned can skew the reader's perception of the information presented. 15% GDP growth is a seemingly high number and 50 years is a significant amount of time, in this context, and they can lead the reader to form a certain impression of the information presented. You need to be highly critical about these numbers.
Consider the following answer choice.
- During the same tenure, the GDP of similar economies grew by more than 20%.
This answer choice suggests that other similar economies experienced GDP growth of more than 20%, during that same period. This new information undermines the conclusion that the party has done a good job by suggesting that a higher rate of GDP growth is the norm, for such economies. Thus, this answer choice functions as a weakening statement.
Another important point to keep in mind is that the information presented in this answer choice is not irrelevant, and the answer choice is not an extrapolator. This statement draws an analogy between economies of similar types, whose GDPs grew by 20%; therefore, suggesting that a 15% growth, while impressive, is not exceptional and is not an indicator that the ruling party has done a particularly fine job.
There are many GMAT weakening, strengthening, and especially explanation questions centered around the numbers presented in the passage. While attempting the GMAT CR questions, take care to critically and carefully examine the numbers involved.
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It's no secret smoking and drinking affect a person's health over time, but exactly how bad are these long-term habits?
Recent figures, released by Public Health England, discovered they are actually cutting 3,000 years from the lives of people in Grimsby and Cleethorpes each year.
This data has been calculated from the number of under 75s who have died due to smoking and alcohol related illnesses in our region.
People in North East Lincolnshire are losing roughly 3.9 days of life a year to drinking
According to the findings, people in North East Lincolnshire are losing more years than those elsewhere in the country.
This means, the average person in North East Lincolnshire is potentially losing 3.9 days a year to drinking, while drinkers in North Lincolnshire are missing out on 2.6 days.
For England as a whole, the average person loses 2.3 days due to drinking each year.
Deaths from alcohol misuse are estimated to cost the NHS about £3.5 billion per year.
People in North East Lincolnshire collectively lose 3,000 years of extra life they might have had if they didn’t smoke or drink
When it comes to smoking, residents in North East Lincolnshire are, on average, losing the equivalent of 6.9 days of life per year, compared to 5.8 days in North Lincolnshire - and 5.0 days for England as a whole.
These figures are based on age-standardised rates - for 2017 in the case of drinking, and the average of 2015-17 in the case of smoking.
But as not everyone smokes or drinks excessively, those who do are at a higher risk of dying young.
The actual number of years lost due to smoking and drinking may be even higher, as 75 was used as the cut off for what is deemed an "early" or "premature" death but life expectancy in England is actually 4.5 years higher for men and about eight years higher for women.
This means those who die after 75 could also be missing out on extra years due to their lifestyle.
Smoking remains the biggest single cause of preventable deaths in the world, accounting for one in six deaths in England.
There exist huge inequalities in smoking related deaths - areas with the highest death rates from smoking see about three times more than areas with the lowest. |
COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Update:
The current phase and what we know right now
MLKCH infectious disease specialist, Dr. Maita Kuvhenguhwa, provides a simple breakdown to the current stage of COVID-19.
Why are we having another wave of COVID-19?
Some, including the US Surgeon General, are attributing recent increases in cases to “pandemic fatigue” that includes decreased motivation to follow restrictions such as wearing masks and social distancing that can help decrease spread of the virus. Holiday celebrations with traditional friend and family gathering and occasional travel, from Halloween to Thanksgiving and Christmas, also contribute to the spread.
How can we protect ourselves?
The best way to protect ourselves is to continue to practice the principals of:
• social distancing
• universal masking
• hand washing/hand hygiene
• staying home if you are sick
• and not touching your nose/mouth with unwashed hands
When we practiced accordingly, these principals work well to slow the spread and reduce your personal risk of contracting the virus.
How can we spend time with family during the holidays?
It is difficult to be away from family and not be able to celebrate the way we normally do, but there are ways to be together while minimizing the infection risk. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) released this infographic that can be applied to any of the upcoming holidays.
• outdoors is safer
• be vigilant about hand hygiene
• hand washing/hand hygiene
• keep it small
• reconsider travel
When will a vaccine be released and who will get it first?
There are no vaccines available to the public at this time, although several appear to be getting close to approval. The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) is preparing for vaccine distribution when one or more vaccines becomes available from the federal government. Priority will be given first to those most at risk: frontline workers and people with the highest risk of becoming infected. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC,) the targeted timeframe for an initial adult supply is before the end of 2020, which will be followed by additional supply in 2021.
According to the CDC, a COVID-19 vaccine will not be available for young children until more studies are completed.
What do we know now about COVID-19 that we didn’t know at the start of the pandemic?
We have found one treatment that reliably decreases mortality (chances of dying from COVID-19): steroids, specifically dexamethasone for patients who require oxygen. Additional treatments are on the horizon, but more research is needed to determine effectiveness and potential side effects.
Your Health |
3 minute read
Cleaning and Disinfecting: What's the Difference?
As the virus that causes COVID-19 continues to spread, more and more people are looking for ways to disinfect their living spaces. The virus is thought to be transmitted via respiratory droplets, and current evidence suggests it may remain viable for hours to days on surfaces. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has posted guidelines for how to clean and disinfect, which are two different procedures that should be used together to remove and kill germs.
Disinfecting kills germs on surfaces or objects with the use of chemicals. Disinfecting should be done after a surface has been cleaned. Cleaning removes loose soils, preparing the surface or object to be disinfected. If a surface is not cleaned first, germs can hide under soils and reduce the efficacy of the disinfectant.
Always follow product use instructions for disinfecting hard, non-porous surfaces.
1. Spray until surface is visibly wet.
2. Per product use instructions, let the product stand for the recommended time period on surface to be disinfected. The wetting period is very important to kill germs on your surfaces.
3. Air dry or wipe as directed after wetting period is complete.
Doorknobs are sometimes an after thought when cleaning and disinfecting, but are a high-traffic area for germs!
What areas should be disinfected?
When an infected person coughs or sneezes, droplets can land on surfaces like desks, seats, countertops or frequently touched surfaces which spread viruses. This includes "high touch" surfaces like phones, door handles and light switches. Keeping common surfaces disinfected is one of the simplest ways that global public health organizations recommend people can reduce the potential risk of infection from more common viral diseases.
High-touch areas include:
• Door handles
• Handrails
• Faucets
• Light Switches
• Soap Dispensers
• Chair Handles
• Food contact surfaces
Visit WhatsInsideSCJohnson.com to see a list of SC Johnson products you can use to disinfect your home.
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Physical activity monitoring assessment
A.Y. 2020/2021
Overall hours
Learning objectives
The course provides knowledge on the basic elements of physiology, clinic, and statistics in the evaluation of the efficacy of prescribing physical exercise for different patient categories for the prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, and for increasing cardiovascular fitness. The course will provide basic knowledge in statistics and methods for interpreting the content of relevant scientific studies, from large epidemiological studies to clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of physical treatment and rehabilitation.
Expected learning outcomes
Students will acquire the ability to: evaluate the results of a scientific study and classify bibliographic and/or study data; read and interpret the results of a cardiopulmonary stress test (respiratory gas analysis and pulmonary ventilation); read (for interpretation not diagnosis) resting and stress ECG; evaluate cardiovascular risk according to validated models listed in the current guidelines of major international scientific societies; understand the principles of sports therapy and the prescription of physical exercise in diverse contexts and pathophysiological models.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Lesson period
First semester
Course syllabus
Data Analysis module:
1. Structure of a scientific article and the role of data analysis
2. Descriptive statistics, tables, graphs, and measurement of central tendency and variability (mean, variance, standard deviation, median, percentiles, quartiles)
3. Gaussian distribution
4. Elements of inferential statistics
- Population and sample
- Estimating the mean and variance in a sample
- Central limit theorem
- Distribution of the sample mean and standard error
- Student's t distribution
- Confidence intervals
5. Hypothesis testing and statistical significance. Type I and type II errors
6. Testing the mean
7. Studies in which subjects are observed before and after treatment: Student's t-test for paired data
8. How to determine the difference in the mean values between two distinct groups: Student's t-test for non-paired data
9. The Fisher-F-distribution. Analysis of variance for independent groups and for repeated measures.
10. Overview of alternative to t-tests and analysis of variance on ranks
11. Analyzing the relationship between two variables: correlation and regression
12. Analysis of categorical data. The chi-squared distribution and the chi-squared test for independence.
13. Fundamentals of biological signals analysis.
14. Case study: the actigraphic study for the monitoring of diurnal activity and sleep quality.
15. Case study: analysis of endocrine-metabolic data by means of mathematical modelling.
Monitoring and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Physical Exercise module
1. Monitoring physical activity: cardiopulmonary stress test; basics, indications, interpretation
2. Monitoring physical activity: basics, interpretation of the ECG
3. Evaluation of efficacy of physical activity: methods for evaluating the cardiovascular benefit of physical exercise
4. Monitoring physical activity: evaluation of cardiovascular risk in adults and the elderly for prescribing physical exercise, international guidelines
5. High-intensity physical exercise in the elderly
6. Evaluation of body composition: sarcopenia, osteoporosis, obesity
7. Efficacy of physical activity: effects and evaluation of the immune system
8. Efficacy of physical activity: effects and evaluation of the metabolic system
9. Physical exercise and arterial blood pressure
10. Physical exercise and heart rate
11. Monitoring and evaluation of the efficacy of physical activity in children
Prerequisites for admission
Data Analysis module: knowledge of first level secondary school mathematics
Monitoring and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Physical Exercise module: prior knowledge of the principles of physical exercise and physiological parameters for the evaluation of athletes and patients in rehabilitation
Teaching methods
Data Analysis module: frontal lessons alternate theoretical lectures and practical exercises in preparation for the final exam.
Monitoring and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Physical Exercise module: frontal lectures.
Teaching Resources
Data Analysis module
The reference material consists of the material presented during the lectures (pdf documents uploaded onto the Ariel portal. Additional material for further reading can be found in the Tutorial section on the Ariel portal.
Recommended (not compulsory) reading list:
1) Marc M. Triola e Mario F. Triola - Statistica per le discipline biosanitarie, Pearson Editore.
2) S. A. Glantz- Statistica per le Discipline Biomediche, McGraw-Hill Editore.
3) David S. Moore - Statistica di base, Apogeo Editore.
The reference material for the "Monitoring and evaluation of motor activity effectiveness" module consists of the material presented during the lectures.
Recommended (not compulsory) reading list:
. J.N. Shanahan. Exercise for health. Adis Books, Wolters Kluwer Health. Milan, 2000
. F. Giada, A. Biffi for the FMSI Task Force, SIC sport, ANCE, ANMCO. The prescription of physical exercise in cardiology. S&O Gutemberg, Rome, 2003
. V. F. Froelicher. S. Quaglietti. Stress test. Centro Scientifico Editore, Turin 1997
. P. Cerretelli. Physiology of the exercise. Sport Environment, age, gender. Universo Publishing Company, Rome, 2001
. D. Dubin. ECG interpretation. Monduzzi Editore. Bologna, 2008.
Assessment methods and Criteria
Data Analysis module: written exam, 1 hour allowed, 31 multiple choice questions. Grading: 30 and with honors for 31 correct answers, 30 for 30 correct answers, and so on down. The questions will cover the entire course content. Students are required to bring Student's Z and T tables, a calculator, and correction fluid to the exam; use of a mobile phone calculator is not allowed.
Monitoring and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Physical Exercise module: oral exam with 1 or 2 questions on the topics covered during the course and an interpretation (not diagnosis) of an ECG (heart rate, electrical heart axis, ectopic beats, etc.). The final grade is based on the average of the grades on the two modules.
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY - University credits: 3.5
Practicals: 6 hours
Lessons: 51 hours |
On July 13, 2013, in the hours after a nearly all-white jury acquitted George Zimmerman of all charges in connection with the shooting death of an unarmed black teen named Trayvon Martin, a trio of friends tried to convey their disappointment, disgust and fear in conversations with the people around them -- and online.
One of those women, Alicia Garza, posted a note on Facebook that ended with an idea: It was time to organize and ensure "that black lives matter." The hashtag her friend, Patrisse Cullors, attached (#BlackLivesMatter) and the effort launched by both women and a third friend, Opal Tometi, caught fire. The women, professional organizers working for various groups by day, began by night to construct the scaffolding of what the New York Times magazine would in May call the 21st Century's first civil rights movement.
That same story describes the movement's origins a little differently with a different moment, a different place and two different activists committed to the same cause.
But then, and now, this much is clear: Black Lives Matter has evolved well beyond a hashtag attached to sometimes-smart and often-snarky posts about policing, jailing and racial disparities in the United States. Black Lives Matter, it would seem, has evolved into a social movement with political aims, policy demands and a disparate set of individuals motivated to push those issues into the 2016 campaign.
The short version of the journey of Black Lives Matter from hashtag to IRL political movement is this: Once galvanized by a slogan that happened to fit well within the confines of Twitter, people took to the streets in New York, in Ferguson, Mo., in Cleveland, in North Charleston, S.C., and in Baltimore when unarmed black men and an actual child were gravely injured by police.
Some were there to loudly but peacefully protest just how common policing for profit, presumed guilt and aggressive, sometimes dangerous and deadly police tactics in black communities had become. Some saw it as a moment to pour out their long-fomenting anger about economic and social conditions. And some subset of the latter set things on fire, broke windows and looted in Ferguson and Baltimore. Several Black Lives Matter activists have condemned that activity and described looters as individuals unaffiliated with the movement.
Today, the collection of national and local organizations working under the banner of Black Lives Matter is showing all the signs -- and struggles -- of a nascent political movement.
There are internal fights and both productive and unproductive disagreements about who the movement's leaders are, whether leaders are needed, what the movement should do now and whether coordination itself is a good thing. There are disputes about tactics, but also some agreements about how to move forward. The ideas behind the movement do have enough traction that a Twitter-generated map of the hashtag's use circumnavigates the globe. The hashtag's use alone is something to behold.
And in what might be the surest sign yet that a real and functioning movement has been birthed, there are documents and reports detailing the many ways in which Black Lives Matter activists and protest actions have been -- and perhaps remain -- the subject of government monitoring.
But what has become notable, perhaps even deeply telling, is the way in which presidential candidates and even some voters have reacted to a group of young, mostly but not exclusively black activists trying to find candidates to champion their cause. (See the video above.)
So far, that effort has focused largely on Democratic candidates for the presidency -- Hillary Rodham Clinton, Martin O'Malley and Bernie Sanders. They crashed Netroots Nation a month ago, forcing O'Malley and Sanders into uncomfortable situations. They have focused intently on Sanders. And they even threatened to interrupt a Clinton campaign event last week -- a flap that ended with Clinton meeting with leaders of the group.
Activists interrupt Democratic presidential candidates Bernie Sanders and Martin O'Malley during a Netroots Nation event in Phoenix
The group's critics on the left argue that Clinton, O'Malley and Sanders are the only influential political allies the group has, and that the assertive, youthful energy Black Lives Matter has brought to the Democratic candidates' campaign events should be redirected toward Republicans. (On at least one occasion this month, they have.) Democrats, these people say, have been the political friends of black Americans -- at least since the 1960s. Why can't Black Lives Matter activists make their demands in private and focus on amassing support for pragmatic policy ideas that white Americans can support?
On the right, more than one candidate and his or her supporters have expressed a different set of critiques. To several Republican candidates, Black Lives Matter activists are fundamentally focused on the wrong issues, the wrong things. Instead of calling for police reforms, young black Americans need to embrace the discipline of work and safety that comes with law-abiding life and avoid public strife. Black parents need to better monitor their children, their souls, their character. And police officers, a brave and public-service-minded lot, should plow ahead in the work of enforcing law and maintaining order. And, yes, as former Florida governor Jeb Bush, businessman Donald Trump and Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Tex.) have acknowledged, there have been some incidents of possible police misconduct caught on tape that are worthy of official inquires.
At this point, Black Lives Matter protesters do have some inside-politics-type results to boast.
In the months since Black Lives Matter protesters began showing up and sometimes taking over campaign events, holding private and private-but-on-tape meetings with candidates, Clinton, Sanders and O'Malley have made some adjustments in the way they talk about policing, race and criminal justice reforms.
O'Malley and Sanders have released relatively detailed policy proposals to deal with disparities in the criminal justice system and the way that police and prosecutors do their work. Sanders has added a campaign staffer whose resume happens to include Black Lives Matter activism. But, he has also balked at suggestions that his campaign has apologized to Black Lives Matter Activists for, well, anything.
And Clinton -- who dedicated one of her earliest campaign speeches to ending mass incarceration without acknowledging it was a policy for which she lobbied that rapidly expanded the prison population -- has hinted that she has her own policy proposal in the works.
For now, Clinton, the Democratic front-runner, has conceded at least this. When Black Lives Matter protesters show up, she cannot simply walk away. |
You are herePGS5V
Course: Virtual Instrumentation
Department/Abbreviation: KEF/PGS5V
Year: 2020
Annotation: Characteristics of piezoelectric materials, synthesis of materials, parameters definition, elements design, utilization in the measurements and control processes, sensors, actuators, energy harvesting systems.
Course review:
1. Characteristics and application of piezoelectric materials. 2. Description of the piezoelectric materials, parameters used, symbols, units, material properties with the focus on the electromechanical features. 3. Electrostriction effect, piezoelectric direct/indirect effect (DC/AC), pyroelectric effect, ferroelectric materials, poling. 4. Materials, utilization of ferroelectric materials, piezoceramics, design of new composite materials and its utilization. 5. Piezoelectric characteristics, piezoelectric coefficients, piezoelectric equations, dielectric parameters: permittivity, piezoelectric coupling factor k, dynamic behavior of piezoelectric material. 6. Ways of measuring and analysis of mechanical vibrations, measuring with the help of impedance analyzer, fixing the piezoelectric elements, measuring with the help of laser vibrometer. 7. Measurement of vibration with the help of piezoelectric accelerometers, characteristics of Brüel & Kj?r 4508B sensor and its connection, test measurements. 8. Utilization of piezoelectric materials in the energy harvesting systems. |
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Marathon running is not an easy sport to commit to. It takes a level of physical and mental toughness that goes above and beyond the average person. Those who compete in these races do so not just to prove to themselves that they can, but for the most part, they actually enjoy them.
The human body wasn’t meant to organically run the distances that marathon runners do. For this reason, self-care and injury prevention are just as important as training before a race and maintenance during a race. Training for a marathon and keeping yourself fit enough to run again down the line are not the same. If training stops altogether, then you need to wean yourself back into a routine that will not cause injury.
Depending on how long you’ve been away and how much your muscle to fat ratio is altered, there are different workout schedules to follow. When you stop a regular running routine, your body decreases in blood volume and mitochondria. In addition, your lactate limit gets lowered. That being said, experienced runners will bounce back much easier than an amateur. This is because the longer you’ve been running, the more aerobic strength you have built up. The mitochondria that live in your blood cells are the powerhouses of the cells. They produce more energy. More blood cells mean more oxygen delivery to all of your muscles. In short, it’s your maximal aerobic capacity that determines how hard it is to get back into marathon shape. Depending on how much time off you take, you lose a certain percentage of your cardiorespiratory fitness level (VO2max). This is also known as your maximum oxygen uptake level.
Taking two weeks off means you will lose between 5–7 percent of your VO2 max. By taking two months off, that figure climbs to a 20 percent loss. At three months, you lose 25–30 percent of your maximum oxygen uptake. In addition, stopping a workout routine also affects other parts of your body. Your entire musculoskeletal system is affected as you lose the conditioning in your tendons, ligaments, connective tissues, and muscles.
The best rule of thumb is to walk for 45 minutes before starting to run again, especially if you are recovering from an injury. |
Climate: A Major Crisis Issue
As the climate crisis only worsens, the younger generation continues to get saddled with an unfortunate reality. The reality is that the climate crisis is only getting more catastrophic, and policies must be put in place in order to try and control the most existential crisis facing the world. Time is truly of the essence, and the time for maintaining the status quo regarding climate change has come and gone.
All citizens must work toward the collective goal of protecting the Earth we all inhabit. Those at FDU also must buy into the cause of combating the climate crisis and implement measures that would reduce the school’s carbon footprint and its overall impact on the environment.
FDU has defined itself as the “Leader in Global Education,” and this means the school must also be a leader in the fight against the climate crisis. The university must incentivize carpooling because that will reduce the carbon footprint created by commuters. This is an especially big issue at a school like FDU, where the vast majority of the student’s happen to be commuters.
1. The school must encourage carpooling by offering, at the minimum, premium parking spaces. This would be great if a student was running late to class/work, and it would provide all members of the FDU community with a shorter walk to their vehicle as the mercury on the thermometer continues to fall. Carpooling may not seem like an enticing idea to the student body, but if those who carpooled were provided with better parking spots, it could sway the opinion of the FDU student.
2. Another way for FDU to attack the issue of the climate crisis is to offer charging ports for electric vehicles. E-cars are undoubtedly the way of the future, and FDU can adapt to that changing reality by offering premium parking spaces to those that drive an electric vehicle. Once again, this would motivate students to decrease their carbon footprint.
3. FDU must introduce other modes of transportation in order to get people around the campus like city bikes or e-scooters. Both of these options would limit the number of individuals driving from one side of the campus to the other throughout their day. The e-scooters and city bikes would be stationed at locations all over the campus in order to get individuals from Point A to Point B. The mode of transportation would then be docked at the closest receptacle to the final destination.
FDU must take the lead in the fight against the climate crisis in many ways, and must implement policies that will make the ways to get to, and get around the campus, more sustainable.
4. FDU must charge $20 for each parking permit on campus. In order to offset our carbon footprint, we found an accurate collective cost for commuting.
We demand the school implement these measures. In order to decrease our collective carbon emissions by at least 20% each year, the university must act on and apply points 1-4.
Categories: Climate, Editorial |
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What is ABC analysis?
For businesses that deal with high volumes of inventory, it’s helpful to find a way to classify the more profitable items. This is where an ABC analysis comes in, offering a way to manage inventory more efficiently according to logical priority.
Understanding ABC analysis
The objectives of ABC analysis are to save time and money, freeing up management to focus the company’s resources on the highest value goods.
To accomplish these objectives, this inventory ranking method divides all items into three categories: A, B, and C, in descending order of value. In other words, the highest value items would go into category A, followed by medium-ranking items in category B, and lowest value items in category C.
This inventory management method works with the assumption that not all items hold the same value. Some cost more to purchase, while others are used more frequently. Conducting an ABC inventory analysis lets you sort them out in order of value so you can prioritise what’s most important.
Theory and types of ABC analysis
There are a few different types of ABC analysis. Some will focus more on the monetary cost of each item, while others focus more on the supply and demand or usage rates. In any case, the objectives of ABC analysis follow what’s called the ‘Pareto Principle’ or ‘80/20 rule,’ which states that 80% of inventory costs come from 20% of inventory.
Here’s how this breaks down:
• A items: These big-ticket items might just make up 20% of your inventory, but they hold 80% of its annual value.
• B items: These make up 30% of your inventory but make up 15% its annual value.
• C items: These lower-value items make up the remaining 50% of your inventory but hold just 5% of its annual value.
The ABC analysis theory states that you should focus the most attention on the A items, since they hold the bulk of your inventory’s value. Interclass or B items also deserve some attention, with some controls to protect against loss. However, with C items the ABC analysis states that it’s not cost-effective to implement strict controls, because the risk of loss is not as important due to their low value.
All businesses will have different thresholds to define what fits in each category, and which types of inventory controls should be used to protect them.
ABC analysis procedure
Here’s a quick ABC analysis procedure to group your items into the A, B, and C categories:
1. Calculate inventory value by multiplying each item’s price by its consumption volume during the accounting period. Use the formula of (Item Cost x Annual Consumption = Inventory Value)
2. Sort your items from highest inventory value to lowest.
3. Calculate the percentage of total inventory value for each item. This can be found by using the formula of (Inventory Value / Sum of All Inventory Values = Item Percentage)
4. The items that make up the highest 80% of inventory value should be A items. Those that make up the next 15% should be B items. The remaining 5% will be the C category of items.
Benefits of ABC analysis in inventory management
It doesn’t take too much time to perform, but an ABC analysis can be quite fruitful particularly for those businesses that deal in large volumes of inventory. Here are a few of the main benefits of ABC analysis in inventory management:
• You can reduce losses by maintaining stricter controls over the higher-value A and B items.
• You can use your stock management resources more efficiently.
• Avoid wasting time on C items that don’t generate very much profit. Consider devoting more time and money to the A and B classes.
• Improve production efficiency with a greater understanding of what customers are buying.
By grouping inventory into three simple categories, you can gain greater insight into big-picture value.
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Increased exposure to pesticides has been linked with the continual rise in non Hodgkin’s lymphoma in the US.
The study looked at blood concentrations of DDT and PCBs in 74 people who subsequently developed the disease and in 147 matched controls. No significant link was found between DDT levels and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma. But PCB levels were significantly higher in sufferers than in controls (Lancet, 1997; 350: 240-4).
For more information on pesticides see WDDTY vol 6 no 3 and vol 7 nos 8 and 11; for non Hodgkin’s lymphoma see vol 6 no 5.
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What Doctors Don't Tell You Written by What Doctors Don't Tell You
Explore Wellness in 2021 |
What Makes a Good Explanation?
Today, we all know that the Moon’s gravity causes the tides, but what did people think before Sir Isaac Newton discovered that gravity is a universal force? I recently heard Jonathan White interviewed on NPR; he is the author of Tides: The Science and Spirit of the Ocean. It turns out that serious people used to hold all manner of fanciful explanations for the tides. Three that I remember from the interview are:
1. A woman is lifting her skirt and lowering it.
2. A very large beast in the depths of the ocean is breathing in and out.
3. The rays of the Moon heat rocks below the ocean, which causes the depths of the ocean to boil. Boiling in the region below the Moon causes the water level to rise.
Of course, these explanations are all wrong but some of them are better attempts at the truth than others. Put yourself in the time when the correct answer was not known. Which explanation would you prefer, and why?
The first explanation, that a woman causes high tide by lifting her skirt, is winsome Alaskan mythology but falls flat as a scientific explanation because someone ought to have seen the woman by now, but nobody has. Not to mention that nobody has seen any woman whose skirt is large enough to move that much water.
The beast under the ocean is a little more plausible because we must admit that the ocean contains many things we have not seen. A giant beast there seems more likely than a giant woman standing where we should have seen her. No less a luminary than Leonardo da Vinci thought the ocean beast was plausible; according to Jonathan White, da Vinci even attempted to calculate the size of the beast’s lungs.
Now it seems that we’re getting somewhere, doesn’t it? We are trying to calculate something, and if the calculation shows that the beast would have been so large as to be impossible, perhaps because there could not be enough food in the ocean to support it, we can reject the hypothesis and try something else.
The last wrong explanation, that the Moon’s rays heat rocks, is to me the best. It neatly explains the data we have: that the tides correlate with the position of the Moon. It builds on the knowledge we already possess: that light-giving bodies such as the Sun are capable of heating things at a great distance; that some things are more susceptible to heating than others; and that boiling water takes up more space than water at rest. Best of all, it introduces no implausible beings.
What I have said is nothing new. It’s just a particular case of Occam’s Razor: we should prefer the explanation with the fewest and most plausible assumptions beyond what we already know.
Now let’s consider a larger question: how did the universe come to be? In modern America, two explanations are the main contenders:
1. A God created the universe by speaking each aspect of it into being.
2. Our universe was born of a quantum fluctuation. It is like a bubble in an eternal froth of universes that are popping into being all the time. This is but one of several hypotheses that posit a multiverse.
As with the explanations for the tides, it is possible that both of these explanations are wrong. However, you may still have reason to prefer one over the other.
At a meeting of philosophically minded friends last week, one person said that because neither explanation is testable, they are on equal footing.
What do you think? Are they on equal footing, or do you prefer one of them? Why?
Next time, I’ll give my opinion.
One response to “What Makes a Good Explanation?
1. Pingback: God versus the Multiverse | Path of the Beagle
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What Is The Oldest Age Of A Turtle?
What are the signs of a dying turtle?
Shell rot produces spongy areas and oozing smelly liquid..
How do you know if a turtle is happy?
What Are the Signs of a Happy Turtle?Feeding Behavior of a Happy Turtle. A happy turtle is one that will go after their meals eagerly when it’s feeding time. … Hunting Behavior. … Splashing. … Normal Bodily Functions. … Basking. … Comfortable With Handling. … Playing With Toys. … Digging.More items…
What is the oldest turtle?
Jonathan (hatched c. 1832) is a Seychelles giant tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea hololissa), a subspecies of the Aldabra giant tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea), and the oldest known living terrestrial animal in the world.
Do turtles die of old age?
“Turtles don’t really die of old age,” Dr. Raxworthy said. In fact, if turtles didn’t get eaten, crushed by an automobile or fall prey to a disease, he said, they might just live indefinitely. Turtles have the power to almost stop the ticking of their personal clock.
How old are turtles in human years?
A turtle is an animal that lives in the sea and has a rock hard shell. Turtles are interesting because they can live up to 152 years old! This is double the life expectancy of a human….Turtle age.Human ageTurtle ageNotice1840Adult65143Retirement69152Life expectancy2 more rows
Do turtles die if they flip over?
Tortoises are land versions of turtles. Sometimes they are clumsy and roll off an uneven part of landscape, and may get trapped upside down and die, the flatness of the bottom of their shell, heating quickly, will kill them in the sun. This is done on purpose most of the time.
How do you tell if a turtle is a boy or girl?
Which animal is never sleep?
Where do turtles go to die?
A turtle graveyard buried beneath drowned caves on the island of Borneo has puzzled scientists for years. A new documentary reveals some of the most awe-inspiring and mysterious parts of the Pacific Ocean.
How long a turtle can live?
The actual documentation of the age of any species of sea turtle is difficult. What we do know is that sea turtles live a long time (some can live up to 50 years or more) and have similar lifespans to humans.
Are turtles deaf?
Do turtles remember their owners?
Can turtles live up to 500 years?
For example, a typical pet turtle can live between 10 and 80 years or so while larger species can easily live over 100 years. … It is difficult to measure the age of turtles for obvious reasons but some guess that turtles could be around for 400 to 500 years old!
Do turtles die easily?
When you get a dog or a cat, they have special needs, grooming and vet expenses, toys, etc. Although turtles don’t need as much, if they’re not properly taken care of, they will die. On the other hand, if they are well taken care of, they can live for long periods of time, decades even.
What causes a turtle to die?
Overheating seems to be the most common reason for unexpected turtle death. … A turtle can die if the habitat is not properly setup. Turtles need some basic requirements to live. These basic requirements include sufficient place to swim, basking area, clean water, heat lamp, UVB lamp and proper diet.
How do you tell a turtle’s age?
Estimate the age. After counting the rings, take a guess at the turtle’s age. For instance, if the turtle had 14 rings, you can guess that the turtle is 7 years old, as every 2 rings may represent a year. A turtle will have rings whether in captivity or the wild.
Can turtles drown?
Why does my turtle keep trying to climb out?
It is their natural instinct. So, if you don’t provide any hiding places inside the tank, there is a high chance that the turtle will always remain stressed and want to climb out of the habitat. … To properly keep a turtle, it is very important to maintain the tank and keep the water clean.
Which animal lives for 500 years?
Mediterranean red coral, pictured here in the Adriatic Sea off Croatia, can live for 500 years.
Are lobsters immortal?
Lobsters. … Contrary to popular belief, lobsters are not immortal. Lobsters grow by moulting which requires a lot of energy, and the larger the shell the more energy is required. Eventually, the lobster will die from exhaustion during a moult.
What dog lives the longest?
Which animal can live the longest?
Is anyone from the 1800s still alive 2018?
Can a turtle survive without its shell?
Tortoises and turtles absolutely cannot live without their shells. … It is fused to the tortoises’ and turtles’ bones so they cannot live without it. In fact, the shell of a tortoise or turtle has nerve endings, which means it can feel you touching it and it hurts when the shell is damaged. |
Essayist: When the first prehistoric migrations of humans from Asia to North America took place, the small bands of ...
Ariella on March 15, 2017
can you explain why C is incorrect please?
5 Replies
Mehran on April 1, 2017
@ariella (C) is the correct answer here.
Are you seeing otherwise somewhere in your materials?
Please let us know. Sorry for the confusion.
Jacob on August 4, 2017
Why is C correct?
Mehran on August 30, 2017
@JayDee8732 this is a Cause & Effect argument.
The observed effect that the author is trying to explain is "many species of animals that would be extinct only 2,000 years" after they encountered the new arrivals of humans from Asia to North America.
The author's proposed cause? Disease-causing microorganisms, NOT hunting.
This is a Weaken question so we are looking for an answer choice that weakens this cause and effect argument.
(C) weakens this argument by pointing out that very few species that were not hunted went extinct 2,000 years after.
This weakens the author's argument that it was disease-causing microorganisms by showing cause without effect, i.e. disease-causing microorganisms but no extinction.
It also weakens by showing that when the alternate cause of hunting was removed, the effect was not present either, i.e. no hunting, no extinction.
Ryan on July 23, 2019
So this answer would indicate that even if there were micro organisms out there, they were not the cause because the animals that were NOT hunted did not go extinct.
Ravi on July 23, 2019
@RyanSpencer, that's right. With (C), we have information that makes
us doubt that the microorganisms were the cause for the extinctions
because if they were, then why would the extinct animals almost
exclusively be the ones that were hunted? This casts doubt on the
microorganism theory, so it weakens the argument.
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Energy & Sustainability
Weekly Trend: Energy Efficient Engines and the Revamping of the Auto Industry
Eerily quiet electric hybrids are no longer the only vehicles on the road that boast energy efficiency. As we become more concerned with cleaner energy, environmental impacts and the depletion of our natural resources, automotive companies and government agencies alike are focusing on reinventing the auto industry in the United States.
There is great potential to improve fuel efficiency in vehicles. The U.S. Department of Energy reports that only 14% – 30% of energy from fuel is used to accelerate cars. The rest of the energy powers accessories or is lost due to inefficient mechanisms, thus providing innovators, government officials and industry leaders with ample opportunity to make improvements.
The Energy Department and automotive powerhouses such as GM are interested in refurbishing the internal combustion engine. Used by over 230 million passenger vehicles in the United States, the internal combustion engine (ICE) is currently the most common way to power a vehicle. Because the internal combustion engine is here to stay, at least for the foreseeable future, GM has dedicated significant manpower to making these engines more desirable.
Co-funded by the Energy Department, GM has created the Intake Valve Lift Control with the intent to improve fuel economy and lower emissions of the internal combustion engine. Internal combustion engines operate by combining fuel and air in a combustion chamber, which when ignited causes a small explosion that activates a piston, turns a crankshaft and ends with the spinning of the vehicle’s wheels. In traditional ICEs, the combining of fuel and air is the same regardless of the amount of energy needed. This means that fuel is wasted when driving slowly in stop-and-go traffic because the engine is still creating the necessary combination of fuel and air for navigating at faster speeds or with heavier loads. GM rectified this problem by creating a valve that differentiates how much fuel it releases into the chamber based on need. Rather than working as a traditional ICE, engines with the Intake Valve Lift Control engage in two different levels of “lift,” thus supplying the required amount of fuel and air to combine in the chamber. This change improves fuel economy and could drastically reduce oil consumption in America as more and more passenger vehicles feature this type of engine.
Commercial vehicles are getting a makeover as well. Because trucks are notoriously known as gas-guzzlers and big contributors to harmful emissions, automotive companies are focusing on revamping their engines and creating an appealing alternative to the traditional eight-cylinder gasoline engine. In addition to having poor fuel economies these engines are both bulky and loud. Cummins recently created a four-cylinder diesel engine that boasts the quiet and clean qualities of a gasoline engine while being 30 percent more efficient. With funding from the Energy Department and a partnership with Nissan, Cummins and its new diesel engine have the potential to increase fuel-economy and reduce America’s greenhouse gas footprint. Thanks to the collaborative efforts of Nissan, Cummins and the Energy Department, clean diesel technology is becoming a more viable option for lightweight trucks and potentially heavier commercial vehicles as well.
So what is next for the automotive industry? The U.S. Department of Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Office is constantly teaming up with industry leaders in order to develop energy efficient and environmentally friendly ways to reduce petroleum consumption. Innovative thinkers have a unique opportunity to transform the auto industry by creating technologies that relate to engine efficiency. These new technologies could range from different materials for automotive application to improved mechanisms, such as the aforementioned Intake Valve Lift Control.
Research to develop more efficient engines not only stems from government agencies and industry executives but also from college campuses across the country. The University of Wisconsin-Madison has an entire research center devoted to the development and improvement of engines and Duke University boasts an engineering department featuring professors who avidly research “alternative propulsion methods for ground transportation.” While such institutions can produce meaningful and innovative solutions to problems relating to energy efficiency and environmental impact, the real challenge revolves around bringing these ideas to fruition through mass production. Research dollars may give researchers and academics the head start they need to create new ideas but the ultimate goal of bringing mechanisms and technologies to mass production is another obstacle to overcome.
The automotive industry is undoubtedly subject to disruption in the coming years as entrepreneurs as well as big, well-established companies look to make vehicles more efficient, in any and every way possible. Because everyone can agree that saving fuel, money and the environment are all positive aspirations, the automotive industry is bound to continue to change and grow as we strive to make significant changes to vehicles and the way they function.
Carolyn Peyser
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<![CDATA[BETTER BACKS- CHIROPRACTOR BEDFORDVIEW - Articles]]>Sat, 26 Dec 2020 11:52:52 -0800Weebly<![CDATA[What is Spina Bifida?]]>Wed, 01 Jul 2020 12:41:55 GMThttps://www.better-backs.com/articles/what-is-spina-bifida
Photograph of Roman Dinkel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbyMWr6bUwg
The little boy who inspired Better Backs to spread awareness of Spina Bifida.
What is Spina Bifida?
Spina Bifida is a relatively common birth defect that affects the spine. Spina Bifida literally means “split spine”, meaning that the cells which form the brain and spinal cord do not close all the way. This may cause physical and mental issues.
Spina Bifida can range from mild to severe. It will all depend on where the defect is located, how big it is, the type of defect and whether there are any other complications with it.
Why does Spina Bifida happen? The cause of Spina Bifida is mostly unknown, but doctors have identified some risk factors.
Folate deficiency:
Folate is the natural form of Vitamin B9 and vital for normal development of the nervous system and preventing defects in the spine and back. Normally, doctors would recommend taking folic acid supplements during pregnancy to prevent Spina Bifida.
Some medication (such as anti-seizure medication) may cause Spina Bifida, when taken during pregnancy. The medication is thought to affect the use of folate and folic acid, which may cause problems during the formation of the spinal cord, which leads to Spina Bifida birth defects.
Obesity and Diabetes:
Obesity and diabetes are associated with higher risks of developing Spina Bifida. The cause of this is related to high and poorly controlled sugar levels which will affect the developing baby.
Complications of Spina Bifida:
Symptoms of Spina Bifida ranges from moderate to severe. This is determined by:
• The size and location of the defect
• If the skin covers the area of the defect
• Which spinal nerves will grow out of the affected area of the spinal cord
Spina Bifida can affect walking and movement of the legs if the problem is below the area where the spinal cord defect is situated. It can sometimes cause weakness in the legs or, if very severe, may even cause paralysis. If the defect occurs low down in the spine, it can also lead to bladder and bowel problems. Other complications may include fluid build up in the brain, meningitis infection of the tissues surrounding the brain or a tethered spinal cord during growth.
Spina Bifida can sometimes be treated and corrected through surgery. The success of the surgery will depend on the defect, it’s size and whether or not it is covered by a layer of skin. During pregnancy, it is recommended to have a diet that supports folate and folic acid. Some doctors will recommend taking folic acid supplements for the first month prior to pregnancy and for the first trimester to reduce the risk of Spina Bifida.
Eating healthy foods such as beans, peas, citrus fruits, egg yolks, avocados, broccoli, and spinach will help prevent a variety of birth defects and not just Spina Bifida. Always check with your doctor before taking additional folic acid supplements with your food. |
Escultura - Bronce - A bronze buddha statue - Shan Tai yai period - Birmania - siglo XIX
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An elegant cast bronze buddha with brown patina and remnants of red lacquer , seated in full lotus position in double lotus throne,
This statue have characteristic Shan traits including a triangular face delineated with a broad forehead, eyebrows that arch high over his narrowly opened eyes, a pointed nose, pursed thin lips, large and elongated ears, and a short neck.
His hair coiffed in a lovely ushnisha is topped by a pointed crown. Shan Buddhas, like this example, are often seated in Vajrasana pose with hands in Bhumisparsha or calling the earth to witness Mudra, his left hand on lap with palm upright and his right hand touching the earth.
This Mudra symbolizes the moment of Buddha's enlightenment.
According to legend, Siddhartha Gautama (the historical Buddha) was attacked by a demon Mara with legions of frightful monsters. They intended to scare Siddhartha away from the sacred Bodhi tree.
However, Siddhartha would not move. Mara then dared to claim Siddhartha's seat of enlightenment for himself, claiming that his spiritual deeds were more significant than Siddhartha's. Mara's monsters cried out, "I am his witness!" and Mara looked at Siddhartha and challenged, "Who will speak for you?" Siddhartha replied without words and he reached out his right hand to touch the earth, and the earth boldly pronounced, "I bear you witness!"
19th century / C.1865
Good global condition with fine patina remain of lacquer.
Some small lacks visible on picture
French private collection
Detalles del lote
siglo XIX
Región / País de origen
Título de la obra de arte
A bronze buddha statue - Shan Tai yai period
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28×15×9 cm
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Characterisation in Pride and Prejudice
One of the great things about Jane Austen's work that has been recognized and acknowledged from their first publication dates through to the analysis of contemporary critics is that Jane Austen's body of work, beginning with the beloved Pride and Prejudice, does reflect the society that Jane Austen herself was a part of. She was herself a gentleman's daughter, making her part of the gentility, and she moved in social circles that included individuals in higher social ranks.
Sir Walter Scott was one of her greatest admirers and one comment he made was that she drew the picture of the individuals in her sphere of society so perfectly that he recognized many of them as identical to his own personal acquaintances. One thing Austen herself said was that she painted her world with a fine brush on a small piece of ivory, signifying that her writing represents a small but accurately described part of English society.
Jane Austen's art of characterization includes brief, often omitted, physical description; vocabulary; silence; tempo of talk; narrated dialogue; narratorial comment that touches on things like personality quirks such as sarcasm ("Is that his design in settling here?"), physical associations with things like aliments ("Ah! You don't know what I suffer!"), emotional denotations ("...cried his wife impatiently"); characters' attitudes, ideas, habits, feelings and mannerisms.
This art applies to Mr. Collins in a number of regards. First, since Jane Austen introduces him through a letter he has written, her first tool for characterization is vocabulary. You will find that Collins is full of fine phrases that themselves are excessively full of adjectives ("honoured father"), adverbs ("earnest endeavor") and elaborate nouns ("bounty and beneficence"). Austen next employs narratorial comment: "Elizabeth was chiefly struck with his extraordinary deference for Lady Catherine, and his kind intention of christening, marrying, and burying his parishioners whenever... |
head for
verb (preposition)
to go or cause to go (towards)
to be destined forto head for trouble
Question 1 of 13
How do you say “cat” 🐈 in Spanish?
Idioms and Phrases with head for
head for
Proceed or go in a certain direction, as in I'm heading for town, or I believe Karen and Jane are heading for a big quarrel. This expression, which uses head in the sense of “advance toward,” is occasionally amplified with a figurative destination, especially in the American West. For example, head for the hills means “to run away to high and safer ground” or “to flee from danger.” It is often used facetiously, as in Here comes that old bore—head for the hills! Head for the setting sun alludes to where a wanted man or outlaw went when a law-enforcement agent was close behind him, that is, farther west, and head for the last roundup means “to die.” [Early 1800s]
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How to keep bees like a scientist
This article first appeared in American Bee Journal, Volume 160 No 9, September 2020, pp. 993-996.
The windshield effect is a phenomenon that people have noticed the world over. In decades past, car travel from town to town often entailed a good bit of windshield cleaning as the glass became laden with squashed bugs that blocked the driver’s view. In those days, gas station attendants often did this for us as they filled the tank, and many travelers kept a supply of cleaners, rags, and scrapers in the car.
When I was young I couldn’t reach the windshield, so I was given headlight duty. The lenses would get so burdened with dead insects that light barely passed through, and the slop needed to be removed frequently in order to see the road. I can still smell those ammonia-soaked rags and the wormy odor of bug goop that permeated my clothes.
For the most part, we no longer clean car parts between stops, which most of us see as a good thing. But environmentalists around the world are horrified by clean windshields and blame pesticides, urbanization, climate change, and habitat loss for the missing bugs. So last year, when an entomologist told me the windshield effect was nonsense, I was taken aback. Then I decided he was simply too young to remember.
A different view
But several months later, when I was interviewing Dr. John Ascher of the National University of Singapore, I asked him about the windshield effect, and his answer stopped me short. He explained that the relative number of bugs on windshields then and now doesn’t mean much because we have no idea what was in the mix. Did it contain a great diversity of critically important insects or did it comprise several species in huge out-of-control numbers like a plague of locusts? In short, are we mistaking insect “blooms” for healthy and diverse ecosystems? Are we confusing biodiversity with sheer volume?
The truth is we will never know. No one back then thought the bugs were of any long-term consequence, so no one saved the windshield scrapings for posterity. We’ll never know if those legions of road bugs were a good thing or a bad thing because we don’t know what species they were or their relative abundance in those ecosystems.
And other variables can enter the picture, too. In the past, busy roads often traversed agricultural land, but now much of our cropland is set back from heavy traffic. Also, cities and towns frequently spray herbicides along roadways, which suppresses insect populations along long stretches of pavement.
In truth, we probably do have fewer insects than we used to and less biodiversity, too. But the windshield effect doesn’t prove that theory because it’s merely anecdotal evidence.
What is anecdotal evidence?
An anecdote is a story, so anecdotal evidence is story evidence. Right now, I’ll tell you a story about swarms. This spring I had three swarms in the trees in my backyard, and all three swarms selected my one and only top-bar hive as their preferred home and nixed my baited Langstroths. True tale. From this observation, I could easily conclude that honey bees are attracted to top-bar hives, or perhaps they are repelled by Langstroth hives. The evidence for such a conclusion is story evidence and it is useless. Countless factors could have swayed the bees’ decision, so the story is merely a red herring.
You scoff and say, “No one would come to that conclusion from just three swarms.” Maybe not, so let’s take another, one that regularly arises on my website. Someone writes, “I had a colony that was strong and doing great when I checked on it four months ago. But last week when I opened the hive to harvest the honey, there was nothing left but wax moths. Wax moths totally destroyed my colony.”
My turn to scoff. You had a strong colony, didn’t check on it for months, and now the hive is full of moths? Sounds normal. Moths love a weak or dying colony and somehow you provided one. But you can’t conclude moths killed the colony because you have nothing but anecdotal evidence — a story about what you observed. Oftentimes, anecdotal evidence illustrates a truth, but a story by itself cannot prove it.
Thiking like a scientist avoids mistakes. Photo shows a frame of capped brood and attendant worker bees.
If you’re not thinking like a scientist, it’s easy to come to the wrong conclusions.
What about that red herring?
A red herring is a distraction that throws someone off course. The phrase comes from a fictional story, written in the 1800s by William Cobbett, about a boy who saves a hare from the hounds by diverting the dogs with a dead fish, which just happened to be a red herring. Red herrings are common literary devices, often used in mystery novels, to divert the readers’ attention from the true villain, but the term is also commonly used to describe logical fallacies.
In the wax moth example, the presence of so many moths and larvae fouling the interior of the hive diverts you from the true cause of the colony’s demise. We follow the deceptive trail which leads us away from the answer.
Various variables
Both of these stories ignore the many possible variables that could have produced the outcome you saw. A variable is an element, feature, or condition that can easily change. Going back to my swarms, perhaps it wasn’t the architecture of the top-bar hive that attracted the swarms, but maybe it was the amount of sunlight. Maybe it was the odor of the comb or the recently deceased colony that used to live there. Maybe it was the size of the entrance hole, the height off the ground, or the internal volume of the hive that attracted the bees
Sometimes conditions exist that we don’t account for, simply because we had no idea they were important or because we forget about them. In science, variables that are outside the scope of the experiment, but still affect the outcome, are called extraneous variables or confounding variables.
I knew an entomologist who did extensive controlled testing to learn how much of a certain pesticide caused harm to bumble bees. All the colonies received carefully measured doses, and she had an ample number of control colonies. However, in the course of the experimentation, she forgot to account for ambient levels of pesticide that drifted in from nearby fields, a situation that botched the results.
Tapping the scientific literature
Most of us backyard beekeepers are not in a positon to perform detailed scientific experiments on our bees. We usually don’t have enough colonies for statistical rigor, or we don’t have the manpower to make timely changes, take quality notes, and keep detailed records. Furthermore, do we even want to? Science done right is complex and time-consuming and often doesn’t work as a hobby.
Still, it helps to think like a scientist when you are observing your bees and trying to discover what is right or wrong with them. One important skill is the ability to read peer-reviewed scientific papers.
Shredding papers
When I was working on a master’s degree in environmental studies, I was surprised at the amount of time that was accorded to reading and evaluating scientific literature. We spent months and months reading papers that were deemed poor, okay, and excellent by the professors. We would pick them apart, line by line, searching for errors in experimental design or implementation, and shortcomings in logical reasoning and statistical analysis. At first, I saw little wrong with these papers and, because they were peer-reviewed, I didn’t expect to see egregious errors.
But as time passed and we learned what to look for and how to find it, the errors became glaring. We began to wonder how any of it got published. Years later, when I took a master beekeeping course, we were given similar assignments: read and evaluate. Both of these institutions understood that scientific thinking begins with reading and understanding the literature. It requires a thorough appreciation of the scientific method and knowledge of its shortfalls. If a beekeeper cannot evaluate the stuff that’s published, he will be pulled asunder as each succeeding paper claims a different outcome.
Reading science
You can find papers to support any thought. Neonics are killing bees or they’re not. Corn syrup is bad for bees or it isn’t. Varroa must be micromanaged, maybe.
To understand these papers, the beekeeper needs to evaluate the science for himself and decide if the conclusions are valid based on the experiment. Letting someone else do the thinking is a crapshoot. Oftentimes, two people can evaluate a paper and think it means categorically different things. Members of the press and Facebook can be dangerous, too, often determining a paper’s validity based on the title alone or maybe the abstract.
I’m not saying the scientists are at fault. Far from it. Science done well is extremely difficult. Every single step, from stating the hypothesis, to designing the experimental protocol, to implementing the plan, gathering data, and ultimately analyzing the statistics, is fraught with potholes. Scientists must be diligent, but because research is so exacting, those reading science must be just as scrupulous.
Two types of reasoning
Discussions of scientific thinking often center on the differences between the two major types of reasoning. The first type, called inductive or bottom-up reasoning, reaches generalized conclusions from specific instances. The opposite type, called deductive or top-down reasoning, reaches specific conclusions based on proven facts. If that pan-fries your brain, you’re not alone.
Inductive reasoning is often considered unscientific because it’s not based on facts. Instead, it starts with an observation followed by a search for the explanation. Day-to-day human thinking is mostly of the inductive type. In fact, we’re more-or-less hard-wired to think inductively. While that’s not always a bad thing, if we don’t realize its limitations, it can easily lead us astray.
On the other hand, deductive reasoning is associated with the scientific method, and it is used extensively in scientific research. It often begins with a pair of proven facts, and draws a conclusion based on those facts.
When done properly, deductive reasoning will lead to sound conclusions. The trouble is the “when done properly” part. Unknowns lurk everywhere, and we often don’t see them or even know they exist, which means the statements of fact may be inaccurate. If the facts are not accurate, the conclusion won’t be accurate either.
Beekeeper reasoning
Let’s look at a typical example of beekeeper inductive reasoning. Let’s say you kept bees successfully for five years until someone erected a cell tower a mile from your apiary. During the following winter, all your bees died. Since you didn’t change your management protocol or anything else, you conclude that cell towers kill bees.
In this case, you came to a generalized conclusion (cell towers kill bees) based on a specific observation (a cell tower was built near your apiary and your bees died). This type of reasoning is conclusory and fails to take any other circumstances into account. Isn’t it possible your bees died of pesticide poisoning, disease, or parasites? Or perhaps cold weather, starvation, or something you haven’t thought of? Come now! You simply took a wild guess.
Inductive reasoning is faulty when it takes a problem and assigns a cause without any experimentation. Worse, we often blame the first thing that comes to mind, or sometimes the thing that bugs us the most, like that ugly tower.
Deductive reasoning is more nuanced, and starts with facts. For example, if you say honey bees belong to the order Hymenoptera (true) and all Hymenopterans go through complete metamorphosis (true), you can conclude that honey bees go through complete metamorphosis (true). It’s mathematical. If A equals B, and B equals C, then A equals C.
However, if you say John is a beekeeper (true) and all beekeepers get stung (most likely, but we don’t know for sure), then you cannot conclude that John will be stung. Even if we see John acting like an idiot around his bees, we can’t deduce he will get stung because we don’t know if the second statement is always true.
Logical fallacies
I’m not saying backyard beekeepers need to sit down and plot their logical thinking strategies. That’s nearly inhuman. But when we are trying to figure out what went wrong or understand how we can improve our beekeeping skills, it doesn’t hurt to be aware of some of the more common logical fallacies.
You can find lists of logical fallacies online, sometimes 15 or 20 per article or, in one case, 229. Logical fallacies are most often variations on inductive reasoning, traps that are easy to fall into. And fall we do. All of us.
I’ve picked out a few common logical fallacies, just to give you an idea of how irrelevant thoughts can interfere with logic. Be aware that many of these fallacies overlap in such a way that one circumstance can fall under several categories at once.
Flawed thinking
Confusion between correlation and causation is all around us. Remember those wax moths in the dying colony? Wax moths are opportunists, adept at finding and exploiting weak colonies. But just because wax moths and failing colonies often occur simultaneously doesn’t mean one caused the other. Something caused the colony to weaken, and the moths took full advantage of the situation. Did the moths cause a strong colony to weaken? Not likely.
A hasty generalization is easy to make, especially when it provides an easy answer and eliminates future work. The new beekeeper who says, “Based on my very first mite count, I can see my bees are immune,” is bound for trouble.
An ad hominem fallacy finds fault with the person rather than his ideas. “Joe is an electrician, so what can he possibly know about beekeeping?” If you don’t like what Joe says, it’s easy to roll your eyes and say, “Consider the source.”
A beekeeper makes an appeal to authority when he says, “A master beekeeper taught me, so it must be right.” This type of fallacy invokes a person’s title, education, position, or fame as proof that he is an authority and, therefore, correct.
We often like to set up a false dilemma by arguing there are only two positions and nothing in between. A statement like “You’re either a natural beekeeper or you’re not” does not allow for any flexibility or creativity in thinking.
Beekeepers aren’t the only ones to use the alphabet soup fallacy, but they are particularly skilled at it. You simply convince people you are right by using so many abbreviations they can’t possibly follow your (lack of) logic. “Last year my TBH had DWV, BQCV, and PMS all at once. So I decided to use an SBB, a QX, and a UE. Then I treated with OA and FGMO mixed with HFCS. That worked until they picked up AFB, or maybe EFB, not sure, while foraging in OSR.” Sure, whatever you say.
The slippery slope assumes one wrong choice will lead to a cascade of undesirable consequences. “If we keep treating for mites, pretty soon no genetic resistance will remain, and before you know it, we’ll be treating monthly, weekly, and daily until no bees are left, no plants, and we all starve to death.”
Another time-honored favorite among beekeepers is the appeal to tradition. “My grandfather kept bees in skeps for fifty years. If it was good enough for him, it’s good enough for me.” This thinking disregards changes that occurred during those 50 years, including the addition of varroa mites, tracheal mites, small hive beetles, deformed wing virus, Nosema ceranae, neonics, and climate change.
In a non sequitur fallacy, the conclusion does not have any logical connection to the argument. “My bees died because my boss made me work every second Saturday in February.”
Although it’s fun to use anthropomorphism to illustrate a point, it should not be taken too seriously. Anthropomorphism assigns human traits to non-humans, as in “My bees were angry at me for mowing the lawn.” It sounds logical but anger is a human construct, not an insect one. More likely, the noise was alarming to them.
Scientific thinking is better for bees
The list of potential fallacies is endless and often entertaining. Logical fallacies are a good reminder that our thinking can quickly get mired in information, ideas, biases, and emotions that have nothing to do with rational thinking.
When you feel yourself getting pulled into a less-than-logical argument, step back, and see if you can find the false reasoning. And remember, your bees will be better off and your skills as a beekeeper will improve when you think like a scientist.
Honey Bee Suite
Thinking Like a Scientist Makes Beekeeping Easier
Jeff Richardson
When I was young – very long ago – I remember the ill effects of the windscreen on our firefly (lightning bug in the SE US) population. Fireflies squashed across the windshield would glow for quite a while which saddened me as a child.
These days we have fewer and fewer lightning bugs during our springs and summers. Again I am saddened that I may not be able to share the joy of catching them by the mason jar fulls with my grandchildren – which is a fond memory of my rural childhood.
I think of lightning bugs all the time because they were a significant part of my childhood in the northeast. I’ve heard they are in serious decline and it makes me so, so sad. I can’t imagine a childhood without them. They were the first bugs I ever let crawl on my bare arms!
Ron German
WHEW! What do you think about wearing masks to avoid COVID?😂
I have a three-year-old queen in the better of two hives. Should I requeen this spring?
Roca, NE
Ha! Regarding masks, I think we should separate science from politics. There. I said it.
Regarding three-year-old queens, that’s getting up there. If she were mine, I’d probably replace her.
Slight difference of opinion here. I think politics should take their cues from science rather than separating.
Granny Roberta in CT
WHEN I had a boss, I almost always had to work EVERY Saturday in EVERY month, and I never had a single bee die on me back then, but that was my favorite example from your list of fallacies. There IS a reasonably logical conclusion from my opening remark—which is that I didn’t have any bees until I retired. 🙂
Also, when we blame the wax worms or deny the varroa problem, we’re probably just trying to make it “Not my fault”. That way we wouldn’t have to do anything about it.
Also, also, if you run an experiment and find that some beekeepers don’t get stung, that just means you didn’t run it long enough. Send those poor beekeepers back into the fray!
Also, also, also, and as usual, I enjoyed this article. Be well.
Great examples of flawed thinking! I should know, most of mine is flawed, I’m sure.
Granny Roberta
Nonsense. All of your thinking is flawless. And so is mine.
Just for the record, I did NOT put an emoticon (whatever that is) up there. I used a perfectly dignified and respectable colon and closing parenthesis.
😊 Just this minute I learned how to do that in WordPress. My first, and now second: 😜
Granny Roberta
: )
(and that better not go all new-fangled on me)
“I think we should separate science from politics. There. I said it.”
Thank you for saying it!
ET Ash
So political science as taught in most universities is not really a science?
From my contact here with the economics department it seems a lot of professors and many of the students (reference appeal to authority above) could not seem to discriminate between economics and political science.
Gene.. hanging out on the left coast…
Here’s a fun little book: “How We Know What Isn’t So” by Thomas Gilovich.
Ooooh. That sounds fun!
Alun Thomas
Great article, all true; but surely you know that bees can’t hear you mowing the lawn? So they MUST have been angry because you mowed it!
Herb Betz
One of my favorite “correlation does not mean causation” examples.
Folks at a resort community noticed that drowning deaths at the beach go up in direct proportion to the amount of ice cream cones sold. So the solution – ban all ice cream sales to stop drowning deaths.
Drowning deaths in the summer go up because people come to the beach and go swimming. Some unfortunately drown. Ice cream cone sales go up because people come to the beach for vacation and buy them for their kids. Nothing proves that eating ice cream in any way causes you to have a higher propensity to drown. But they are correlated.
And that would be a fine example of mixing science with politics.
In reality, I don’t think you can separate the two because many many many public policies set by political bodies rely on science. Let’s just hope it is not junk science and faulty logic.
I’d forgotten that ice cream example, but you reminded me of it. I think I first heard it in a statistics class. It’s a good one.
ET Ash
In my own experience most folks who think in a scientific manner ALWAYS tend to question what they know or what they think they know. I would guess the common logically fallacy that goes along with this is ‘confirmation bias’.
I will also add that imho doing science and applying science often require folks who think in quite a different fashion. However, some large degree of persistence seems to be required for both styles of thinking.
Gene hanging out on the left coast…
Re: bugs. When I was very young, my father kept an old squeeze bottle of water in the car. If the bug load got too heavy between gas stops, he would hold it out the window and squirt the windshield while running the wipers. I’m sure this was not a unique solution. During my adult life, however, cars have universally been equipped with more convenient window washers. So we absent-mindedly clean the window constantly while driving, rather than waiting for the bug batter to build up. Thus my counter theory is that we don’t have fewer bugs, we just don’t have to notice them anymore. How’s that for anecdotal/observational logic? Oh, and on some regular road trips during the last 40 years, our windshield was a mass collection screen, on very specific parts of the route, but only during certain times of the year. We always figured they were normal, seasonal, insect blooms.
Re: “Shredding papers.” It’s too bad this type of attention isn’t taught in journalism schools anymore either. 25 years ago, a journalism summer student shared that they were taught in journalism school that getting the “scoop” was more important than accuracy, because “you can always fix the details later if you have to.” In contrast, her mentor at our company had insisted they get the story details right the first time, as a practical application of the old adage “you never get a 2nd chance to make a first impression.” It was an eye-opener to her. If it actually stuck with her, I imagine she’s had trouble finding or keeping a job in that profession 🙁
Ken Rhodes
I remember two short years ago while traveling up to Missoula for a Honey Bee event featuring Randy Oliver and the guys from the University of Montana. (Yes, I too took the online classes where we had to read peer-reviewed literature). Along the Blackfoot River on I-15 the bugs were so thick during the evening drive, I had to stop a few times to wash them off the headlights and windshield. Your article reminded me of this😅
Your article is so true, especially with regards the social media (Facebook groups for beekeeping). So many will take what is said or printed as the gospel truth when In fact it may have worked for one beekeeper in one particular location. This does not mean it will always work or even that it will work for you, let alone work again for the person who posted it. Many conclusions can be reached but without accurate records, experiments, documentation, etc… how will we know this will happen again?
Often my advice to people is to listen to others but test what they have to say and use this to come to your own conclusions; then expect a different outcome and you will never be disappointed.
I used to give out lots of advice and opinions as a new beekeeper but soon found it best to give out a few suggested scenarios and leave the final say up to the person asking. Frustrating for some wanting a direct answer but safer for me as I really don’t know as much as they think I do (which really is not much).
As always, I love your posts. Thanks
This reminds me of me. When I go to beekeeper meetings/events, I usually don’t say a single word. I learn a lot that way.
Rusty, I remember years ago the love bugs being so numerous in East Texas that you literally had to clean the windshield every 10 to 15 miles or so. The dead bugs would lie so thick on the highway that passing vehicles would cause them to stir up like a dust cloud.
Thank you for writing this article. Good science is good science. Bad science is just bad.
Jeremy Barnes
I have long wondered about the windshield affect, in particular, are modern vehicles more aerodynamic and thus insects are swept over them rather than caught up in them. So I went to an antiques motor show and asked some of the owners if they still got insects caught in the windshield and grills, and the answer was a unanimous no. So again, no proof, but it removes one of the variables.
As a child in the late 40’s/early 50’s, my first butterfly collection came from the grille of my father’s car.
We have a Model T Ford, and it doesn’t get bugs either, although we don’t drive it very far.
Andrew Hogg
Great article Rusty. And so applicable to much in today’s life. It reminds me of a great meme that shows Santa saying, “I’ve been reading your social media posts and a lot of you are getting science and history books this Christmas!”
Stay well, and thanks for all your great work.
I like that!
This is a great article. I rank it among the best I’ve read in a long time. It does take a long time to learn and develop scientific thinking, but more importantly, it takes curiosity to facilitate that learning.
One additional thought on the windshield effect. Comparisons between the “now” and “then” are made more difficult due to the more aerodynamic design of modern cars where air flows more around cars rather than into cars.
Victor Hall
Thanks for sharing this, Rusty. Truer words have never been spoken. I taught chemistry for 40 years, and I can say from my experience that students are inductive thinkers.
This should be required reading for all beeks and soon to become beeks. I think that it could ameliorate a lot of comments on social media.
I wanted to add to Herb’s and Kevin’s thoughts. In my opinion, political bodies ofttimes try to USE science to establish a TRUTH and set public policies that conform to an IDEOLOGY rather than science.
There, I said my piece. I do hope that I did not offend anyone as that was NOT my intention.
I thought that I’d point out that wax moths do not attack and kill colonies like some aggressive foe. Nor are they the result of “bad beekeeping” (unless you are weakening your colony). Wax moths are a natural part of the hive ecosystem, just like AFB & varroa (now). A strong colony will keep the wax moth population under control. Using chemicals to alter the balance, is IMHO stupid. Change the genetics or environment instead. In the wild, the wax moth has the important job of “cleaning up” after a colony has died, removing all remnants of the old comb and making space for the next one. I would assume that in doing this they also manage infectious diseases that may affect a swarm taking up residence in a space previously occupied by a dead colony since the bees will build completely new comb.
Interestingly, the only person that I’ve ever heard mention the reduced numbers of insects on windscreens and number plates, until now, is me! (maybe it has come back to haunt me like my (fake) “bad day virus”?) The data although, as you say, is empirical, does not detract from the trend, there is no doubt from anyone that I have spoken to that the numbers on cars have diminished. However, I would suggest that a contributor to lower numbers of dead insects, including bugs, may be the improved aerodynamics of modern cars. We should take some cars from the 70’s & 80’s for a spin 🙂 I would bet money that there would still be a massive reduction.
There is without doubt fewer insects, just about fewer everything, with humans a glaring exception! Fobbing off with “insect blooms” is, to my mind illegitimate, unless of course, that bloom has lasted 10s of millennia. To blur the debate, however naïve one considers the contributors, is dangerous and thoughtless – Let no one doubt that we are on a knife’s edge.
Interesting comments about windshield effect. I always wondered whether part of the issue is that cars are far more aerodynamically designed than in the 1960s (when I remember the bugs!), so more of the insects should be pushed around the headlights and the windscreen.
Three points regarding the science discussion above:
1. The change in automotive aerodynamics over the last 50 years,
2. Perceptual bias (find what we expect), and
3. Probiotics solve pesticide poisoning.
Regarding bullet point #3, a recent promotion of a product, based on a peer review of an exceptionally limited quantity of bees/hives, is getting some traction. Before jumping on this bandwagon, let’s see some real science.
Happy holidays all.
Adam Zwickle
What a great post! I teach a course for new PhD students on scientific methodology and research design and we cover these topics. In fact, it is my love for science that keeps me keeping bees. I often think about my activities from a scientific lens, but you have said this all better than I ever have. Perhaps I should have my students read this?
Yes! Have them read it. Maybe there’s a future beekeeper in there.
I would briefly add that the lack of bugs on windshields, might be due to better aerodynamics of the vehicles. I have noticed how many bugs are splattered on my front license plate, but very few in comparison to my windshield, also how my back windshield is dry, even in a rain storm when driving at speed.
All the best.
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Information medicine in veterinary medicine
The genetic blueprint of higher developed mammals does not differ in
principle from ours. Thus, the complementary information medicine can also be
applied in the treatment of horses. The project idea of a holistic-systemic
diagnosis and treatment using biophotons resulted in "the smallest
veterinary clinic in the world". The so-called EAVET Metavital Horse
Scanning System is a diagnostic and therapy system for holistic therapy in
horses. Multidimensional Non-Linear Spectrography (MNLS) uses a biophoton-based analysis method unique in veterinary medicine.
It recognizes early information deficits in the cell and organ communication as well as burdens of the examined organism. As a result, it provides the therapist with concrete information about the energetic state of the organ, tissue and cell frequencies of the horse, without any diagnostic
Information medical therapy
1. Meta-correction (animate the cells with the correct frequencies).
2. Swinging of correct tissues and organ frequencies into or on suitable ones
Carrier media such as water, alcohol, chip or globules.
3. In the case of allergies, infestation of parasites, pathologies, etc., swinging up
from inverted frequencies to weaken and eliminate the polluter.
The chip loaded with the frequencies is glued into the mane and is effective for several weeks.
Liquids or globules are usually sprayed on the mucous membranes 1 to 3 times a day. |
Most public health experts believe that it is too soon to begin reopening the economy. Few states meet the guidelines for reopening; and there are far too few effective tests to determine how widely the disease has spread. Although some other industrialized countries have developed sophisticated contact tracing programs to contain the virus, in the United States there is no system in place.
The rate of growth of confirmed cases has slowed overall, but it is rising in some parts of the country. Epidemiologists widely believe that the number of actual infections is much higher because the lack of testing means that even many of those who have symptoms aren’t counted in the official figures. The rate of growth of deaths also has slowed, but not much from the recent peaks. Experts believe that the death rate from COVID-19 also is substantially understated.
Nevertheless, President Trump has advocated relaxing social distancing mandates since late March—even before the number of confirmed cases exploded, causing what likely will exceed 100,000 American deaths by Memorial Day. Although he now claims that he leaves such decisions to the states, he has applied tremendous pressure and even has threatened governors who oppose him.
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Anonymous Works
The Box
Once upon a time in the land of Hushabye round about the wondrous days of yore. They came across a sort of box. Bound up with chains and locked with locks and labeled kindly do not touch, it's war.
A decree was issued round about all with a flourish and a shore and gayly colored mascot tripping lightly on before, don't fiddle with this deadly box or break it's chains or pick it's locks, and please don't ever play about with war.
Well the children understood. Children happen to be good and just as good around the days of yore. They didn't try to pick the locks or break into the deadly box they never tried to play about war. Mommies didn't either, sisters, aunts or grannies neither. Because they were sweet and quiet and gentle in those wondrous days of yore. Just as much the same as now they arn't the ones to blame somehow for opening up that deadly box of war.
But someone did.
A sort of bouncy bumpy ball made up of flags and guns and all with the cheers and the horrors and the death that go with war. Well it bounced right out and went bashing all about and bumping into everything in store, and what was said most unfair was that it didn't really seem to care much who it bumped, or what or why or for. It bumped the children mainly, and I tell you this quiet plainly It bumps them every day and more and more, and leaves them dead and burnt and dying cause when it bumps it's very very sore. There is a way to stop this ball. It isn't very hard at all. All you need is WISDOM and I'm absolutley sure we could get it back into the box and bind the chains and lock the locks. BUT no one seems to want to save the children anymore.
Well that's the way it all appears because it's been bouncing around for years and years inspite of all the wisdom wizzed since those wonderous days of yore and the time they came across the box bound up with chains and locked with locks and labeled "KINDLY DO NOT TOUCH IT'S WAR."
This poem came from the Smother's brothers comedy hour back in the early seventies.
313 Total read |
TFT LCD screen has always been the mainstream in the display industry, and its longevity is by no means accidental. It has achieved brilliant results in terms of luminous efficiency, full color, and life, and it is still being deepened. . What are the specific parts of its manufacturing process? Below, Youyi Vision will briefly introduce you:
The manufacturing process of TFT LCD screen has the following parts: forming a tft array on a tft substrate; forming a color filter pattern and an ito conductive layer on a color filter substrate; forming a liquid crystal cell with two substrates; installing peripheral circuits and assembling a backlight And other module assembly.
The process of forming a tft array on a tft substrate has realized industrialization of tft types including: amorphous silicon tft (a-si tft), polysilicon tft (p-si tft), monocrystalline silicon tft (c-si tft) ) Several kinds. Currently the most used is still a-si tft. The manufacturing process of a-si tft is to sputter the gate material film on the borosilicate glass substrate, and form the gate wiring pattern after mask exposure, development, and dry etching.
Stepper exposure machine is generally used for mask exposure. The second step is to use the pecvd method for continuous film formation to form a sinx film, an undoped a-si film, and a phosphorus-doped n+a-si film. Then mask exposure and dry etching are performed to form the a-si pattern of the tft part. The third step is to form a transparent electrode (ito film) by a sputtering film forming method, and then form a display electrode pattern through mask exposure and wet etching. The fourth step is to form the contact hole pattern of the insulating film at the gate end using mask exposure and dry etching. The fifth step is to sputter Al, etc. into a film, expose and etch with a mask to form the source, drain and signal line patterns of tft. Finally, a protective insulating film is formed by the pecvd method, and then the insulating film is etched and formed by mask exposure and dry etching (the protective film is used to protect the gate, the end of the signal line electrode and the display electrode). At this point, the entire process is completed.
Comprehensive analysis of the manufacturing process of TFT LCD screen |
In this section we hope to outline the possible industrial uses of hemp; to summarise the state of the hemp industry world-wide and in the UK; to review hemp products and services; and to show how hemp (along with other plants, and an investment in new technology) could help us move to a sustainable economy future for the planet.
Industrial Uses of Cannabis
The Agriculture of British Hemp in the 1990s
by Peter Messenger and Ian Low from Hemcore. In this major report, pioneering hempsters Hemcore outline how they persuaded the Home Office to let them grow hemp, and all the details of hemp cultivation in the UK in the 90's.
>> The Agriculture of British Hemp in the 1990s
Popular Mechanics - Hemp
>> Popular Mechanics
Hemp Textiles in Britain - Opportunities for Bioregional Development
>> Hemp Textiles in Britain
The Agricultural History of Hemp in the UK
by Stuart Young
In this work-in-progress, you can discover where and why hemp was grown in the UK in the past 1000 years. Also what sort of evidence is there that hemp was grown?
>> The Agricultural History of Hemp in the UK
Helping Earth's Sustainable Management with a Plant
kindly donated to UKCIA by the author, Clare Saunders, upon finishing her degree.
>> Helping Earth's Sustainable Management with a Plant
Hemp and the new energy technologies
Jon Gettman
>>> Hemp and the new energy technologies
Hemp variations as pulp source researched in the Netherlands
de Meijer, E. P. M., Pulp & Paper v67n7, (Jul 1993): p.41-43
>> Paper
The largest grower and processor of hemp inthe UK
>> Hemcore
field of Hemp in the UK
A field of Hemp, somewhere in England
Hemp Seed Food
Throughout world history people prized the nutritious and delicious hemp seed as a valuable food resource. Each culture had its own traditional recipies. Typically they would be ground and used like flour, pressed to produce oil or toasted and used in celebratory treats. Today they are still used in cooking in many countries worldwide, while hemp enthuasiasts in the west are developing and marketing new products such as chewy bars, cheese and ice-cream!
a 9-bar
Hemp seeds also continue to be used as bird feed. Indeed the testimony of parakeet fanciers that their birds would not sing, unless they were fed hemp seeds convinced the US congress to
make an exception in 1937, so long as the seeds were sterilized so that no plants could be grown from them. The seeds contain no THC. Sterilization however lowers the shelf-life of the seed - they can go rancid much quicker.
Hemp seeds have nutritional qualities which make it extremely valuable as a human food. They are high in essential minerals, but low in dangerous heavy metals. They are low in vitamins but you should be getting those from fresh vegetables. They contain a high proportion of protein, containing all eight essential amino acids (needed by, but not made by the human body) in the correct proportions that humans need. Soybeans contain more protein, but these are complex proteins that many people find hard to digest. The proteins in hemp are so easily digestible, that scientists advise their use for treating malnurishment.
Hemp seeds contain large amounts of oil, almost all of it unsaturated. Hemp oil is mainly composed of the essential fatty acids (needed by, but not made by the human body) in exactly the correct proportion that humans need. The supplementary oil industry in the US is just becoming big business, with sales of primrose oil and flax oil rising. These don't contain the right balance of oils, and they taste unpleasant - hemp oil has a delicious nutty taste. However hemp oil has one major drawback - it goes rancid extremely quickly after exposure to air. Vacuum pressing and bottling will keep the oil fresh for up to a year, but after it has been opened it must be kept refrigerated and used very quickly. |
Frequent question: What is a Jira scrum board?
A Scrum board is a board that was created using Scrum framework and is a board for teams who like to plan their work in greater detail before they can start a project. This usually includes creating sprints and giving story points to user stories in order to plan which story can go to each sprint.
How do I use Scrum board in Jira?
Step 1: Create a board
1. Click Search ( ) > View all boards.
2. Click Create board.
What is Scrum in Jira?
The Scrum framework enables software teams to manage complex projects by creating a culture of collaboration. The Jira Scrum Board is the tool that unites teams around a single goal and promotes iterative, incremental delivery. Get it free.
What is a scrum board?
IT IS INTERESTING: How do you make an assignee field mandatory in Jira?
What are boards in Jira?
What is difference between Kanban and Scrum?
How do I start scrum?
8 Best Practices to Start a Scrum Project
1. Create the Product Vision & Product Backlog Together. …
2. Estimate the Implementation Effort of the Product Backlog Together. …
3. Determine the Business Value of the Product Backlog Together. …
4. Clarify Dependencies Between Product Backlog Items. …
5. Start Small. …
6. Invite the Customer to the Scrum Events. …
7. Sell the Entire Scrum Team.
What are the 3 Scrum roles?
What are Scrum tools?
What is the difference between Scrum and agile?
IT IS INTERESTING: How do I write a query in Jira?
Is Jira a Scrum or Kanban?
What does a scrum board look like?
Format of a Scrum Board
Why do we use Scrum?
Encourages teamwork. With the division and assignment of roles and tasks efficiently, this methodology helps us work successfully on a project. The “product owner” and the “team” are complemented by the SCRUM Master, a resource that helps and supports the mission.
What is the difference between board and dashboard in Jira?
Is Jira Agile tool?
IT IS INTERESTING: Frequent question: How do I close multiple subtasks in Jira?
How do I view a board in Jira?
If you need to see both the selected issue and the rest of your scrum or kanban board, you can choose to open the new Jira issue view as a right sidebar. To do it, go to a board and choose > Open issues in sidebar.
In a team |
7 Traditional Chinese String Instruments: History and Facts
Traditional Chinese String Instruments
Music has been a very important part of Chinese history and tradition. Even today, Chinese music still has that distinct characteristic that isn’t found anywhere else, mainly due to the unique sound of the traditional Chinese string instruments.
Below, we will discuss some of the most popular Chinese string instruments that have been passed from generation to generation.
1. Erhu
Erhu - Chinese string instrument
Erhu. Photo from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Erhu is one of the oldest Chinese string instruments, and we can argue that Erhu is one of the most important and popular musical instruments of China: the sound of ancient China itself.
One of the most unique qualities of Erhu is the fact that it only has two strings, but even with only this very limited number of strings, professional Erhu players can convey a lot of emotions with their play. Erhu is actually a very versatile and expressive bowed string instrument that can imitate neighing horses, chirping birds, and even human singing voices.
Despite its popularity, however, there are very few historical records surrounding the Erhu. The general consensus is that Erhu is an adaptation of Xiqin, an instrument that was introduced into central China by minority tribes during the times of the Tang dynasty (618-906 CE).
Also, Erhu was used very differently as a part of the Ancient Chinese musical composition back then, the sound of the “modern” Erhu that we know today is actually less than 100 years old, only introduced in 1915 when Liu Tianhua composed the first solo composition of Erhu, �The Sound of Agony’.
Erhu is widely known as the “Chinese violin, but there are many significant differences between the Erhu and the western violin. For instance, it is played on the musician’s lap (or on a table) vertically. It has no fingerboard, and the bow is already fixed between the two strings (not a separate part of the instrument.
It is technically an alto string instrument with middle-high range, known for producing the tender and somber sound that is often known as the sound of China. Click to see some Erhu models
Click to see some Erhu modelsOpens in new tab.
2. Guzheng
Guzheng-Chinese String Instrument
Guzheng. Photo from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)
The name Guzheng consists of two Chinese characters: 古 () which means ancient, and 筝 (zhēng), which can be translated as zither. Guzheng is often translated incorrectly as zither. So, although when people mention zither nowadays it’s almost always referring to the Guzheng, zither is actually a category that includes many different string instruments.
The modern Guzheng we have today is actually a product of the 1960s—so it’s very new. However, the history of the ancient zither (or zheng) date from 6th century BCE in ancient China, so we have more than 2,600 years of history. Fragments of zithers were discovered and dated to the late Warring States period, so we know there were zithers between 475 and 221 BCE.
Related reading: 6 Traditional Chinese Wind Instruments (History and Facts)
The Guzheng we have today was introduced (and patented) by the brand Dūnhuáng (�煌) back in 1865. They added the number of strings to 21 from the popular 16, so it can cover four octaves now, and now we have modern materials for the strings and the new S-shaped bridge.
Guzheng is a very complex instrument with a lot of strings, notes, and varying available styles to play it. Similar to Erhu, modern Guzheng music and play styles have also evolved dramatically. Guzheng is a really complex instrument with a lot of strings and can be played with various different play styles. There are so many techniques involved in playing the guzheng, not only picking of plucking the strings. A very versatile and beautiful Chinese string instrument.
Click to see some Guzheng modelsOpens in new tab.
3. Guqin
Guqin-Chinese String Instrument
Guqin. Photo from Wikipedia.org (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Out of all the traditional musical instruments from ancient China, Guqin is one with the most well-documented history, and there are also a lot of well-preserved ancient repertoires we still can access today.
Guqin is the favorite instrument for sages and scholars of ancient China. The great Confucius (551-479 BCE), for example, was recorded as a great master of this instrument, as well as the famous Ji Kong (223-262 CE).
The name Guqin comes from 古 (), and 琴 (Qin). Gu, as we have established when we discussed Guzheng above, means ancient, and Qin means Chinese plucked seven-string instrument. Qin is actually a part of ancient China’s four arts of scholarship, four highly regarded artistic and academic accomplishments. So, Guqin is highly regarded as one of the important symbols of Chinese culture.
Since 2003, Guqin has been included by UNESCO in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, showing its importance as a historic musical instrument.
Click to see some Guqin modelsOpens in new tab.
4. Pipa
Pipa - Chinese String Instrument
Pipa – Photo from Wikimedia Commons
Pipa is—according to the historical records—, based on the Persian lute (Barbat), which was called Hu-pipa by the Chinese back then. The Barbat was brought to China through the Silk Road around the 5th century CE but didn’t become really popular until the 7th century, around the beginning of the Tang Dynasty.
Chinese musicians then modified the Hu-pipa into something called the Tang pipa. This is when the sound body was modified from being round to the pear-shaped body we have today, along with the bent neck, which used to be straight.
These modifications were done because the Hu-pipa didn’t really produce the proper sound to play Chinese songs like how the Chinese people back then used to. The
The modern Pipa was produced from further modifications from the Tang-pipa, with a crooked neck, 24-26 frets, and ledges that allow for its “bendable” slides, the signature romantic voice. The lower frets are made from bamboo, while the upper frets and tuning pegs are made of wood, ivory, or buffalo horns.
Pipa is still a very popular instrument today, and we can see it in various traditional Chinese entertainments like operas or traditional Chinese singing.
Click to see some Pipa modelsOpens in new tab.
5. Yueqin
Yueqin- Chinese String Instrument
Yueqin. Photo from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)
The name Yueqin literally means “moon-shaped string instruments”, with 月 (yuè) means moon and qín, as established above, is a generic term for string instruments.
Historians believed that the Yueqin has existed during the times of the Jin dynasty (265-420 CE), and is widely regarded as an integral part of China’s history. As the name suggests, the body is round-shaped resembling the moon, made entirely with wood materials and features a round hole in the middle (like an acoustic guitar).
Yueqin only features four strings that are attached directly to the frame of the sound body. In the past, the strings were made of silk threads but today they are made of steel or nylon, like most modern string instruments. The four strings are tuned in pairs, a fifth apart from each other, enclosing a vibrating plate.
The Yueqin, unfortunately, has not been fully adopted by modern Chinese orchestra, although it used to be really popular during the times of the Beijing opera during the Qing dynasty (18th century).
Also, Yueqin is very similar to Ruan, where both have a moon-shaped body. We will discuss the difference as we discuss Ruan below.
Click to see some Yueqin modelsOpens in new tab.
6. Ruan
Ruan - Chinese String Instrument
Ruan. Photo from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Ruan is one of the oldest ancient Chinese instruments with more than 2,000 years of history. As we have mentioned above, the Ruan has a similar round shape as the Yueqin, but the main difference is that the Ruan features the double soundholes, which is the reason of Ruan’s signature, lower-range sound, while the Yangqin only has one soundhole.
The instrument was originally called qin pipa (so, a modification of the Hu-pipa as discussed above), and it received the present name after the famous Ruan Xian (3rd century CE). Ruan became a popular string instrument by the time of the Tang dynasty (618-907 AD).
The Ruan has four strings and the modern frets are set in equal positions so players can easily modulate to any different key. The modern Ruan comes in several sizes from the Di Ruan (bass), Xiao Ruan (small), Zhong Ruan (medium), Da Ruan (large), and Gaoyin Ruan (soprano). Each of them offers a few different tunings.
Related reading: 4 Traditional Chinese Percussion Instruments: History, and Facts (Video)
Click to see some Ruan modelsOpens in new tab.
7. Yangqin
Yangqin - Chinese String Instrument
Yangqin. Photo by Frank Kovalchek from Wikipedia.org (CC BY 2.0)
Yangqin is the most unique out of all the Chinese string instruments in this list for several reasons. First, it is undoubtedly the most mysterious. The Yangqin is a derivation of the Iranian Santur, and there are at least three different theories that tried to explain how the instrument was brought to China:
1. Through the Silk Road
2. Through the port of Guangzhou by sea
3. It is invented by the ancient Chinese themselves without any foreign influence
Until today, there’s no general consensus of how the instrument was introduced to China.
The modern Yangqin usually has 144 strings, so it is an extremely complex instrument with four to five bridges. Players are supposed to strike the strings on the left side of the bridge. The Yangqin is a chromatic instrument (operates on a twelve-note chromatic scale instead of seven-notes diatonic scale), with a range of more than four octaves.
Until today, the Yangqin is still a popular member of the traditional Chinese orchestras and ensembles.
Click to see some Yangqin modelsOpens in new tab.
End Words
String instruments are an integral part of the Chinese tradition and history, and some of the ones we have discussed here have existed for more than a thousand years.
There are actually a lot more string instruments from China than the ones available on this list. However, the ones above are arguably the most famous and the most important to Chinese history and tradition.
Featured Image by RGY23 from Pixabay |
By Avipsha Rayamajhi
Nov 10, 2019
Have you ever wondered about the possibility of your ready- to- throw soda bottles transform into a completely new product? A brand new t-shirt, fleece jackets, sleeping bags, carpets or more bottles perhaps? While the concept of plastic transforming into a completely new product almost seems like a miracle, it is possible and already thriving.
You can easily obtain a brand new t-shirt from 10 plastic bottles, a sweater from 63 plastic bottles and a sleeping bag from 114 plastic bottles! Amazing, right? Not just the bottle, but the cap can also be transformed into batteries, storage containers, ropes, brooms, shopping bags, and whatnot. All of this is derived from the outcome of a simple yet important concept of Circular Economy (CE).
The concept of the Circular Economy focuses on the regenerative designing of products that would enable continued use of it. Basically, it aims to retain the quality and usability of products for a longer period of time. It entails closing the loop so that the functionality of resources is restored and waste is kept minimal. The current trend of the linear economy works on the culture of use and dispose.
The idea behind the circular economy primarily emanated as an antithesis to the linear economy and is derived from the relationship between natural resources and the economy. Economy is fueled by natural resources but the same economic activity eventually creates negative repercussions for the environment by unnecessary waste production. Circular economy intends to form an ecosystem that thrives on long- term use and sustainable quality- one that retains the use of natural resources and reduces waste.
Although the concept traces its history from different sources, one of the pioneers of CE can be taken as Boulding who opposed the practice of the existing linear economy and termed it as unsustainable owing to the limitations of the natural system. He introduced the concept of ‘Spaceman Economy’ is contrary to the ‘Cowboy Economy’ and popularised the idea of a closed system with looped resources.
Another complementing concept to CE is the Cradle- to- Cradle theory developed by American Architect William McDonough which draws its inspiration from nature. A plant takes up nutrients from the soil, grows and provides nutrients to the surrounding soil from its scattered leaves. It basically works on the principle of the natural system where nothing goes to waste and is circled around for use. The theory has taken reference from biological metabolism and developed the concept of technical metabolism. It considers the inputs or raw materials used in production as ‘nutrients’ which must be returned back to its source for greater efficiency. Here, nothing is taken as waste but rather ‘nutrients’ with the possibility of further use. The theory in line with the concept of circular economy aims to put an end to waste and make resources part of a closed system.
The human civilization and the environment are presently at the helm of mounting plastic pollution. The growing trend of consumerism has fostered throwaway culture. People consume all they can and if they do not require them anymore, there is no hesitation to dump it- ignorant of the massive repercussions of their actions to the environment. To tackle this problem, circular economy can emerge as a relevant solution. Businesses and manufacturers need to revise their business model and make it more sustainable by planning the entire life cycle of their products so that it does not end up in landfills as waste.
Recycler Saathi, an initiation of CREASION is a good addition to the increasing culture of circularity in Nepal. The ongoing project aims to refrain PET plastic bottles from ending up in landfill as waste by forming a legal channel for their export. The PET bottles are collected, baled, reduced to flakes and then legally exported to India for repurposing. While the environmental benefit is the primary highlight of the initiative, the economic and social impact is equally noteworthy. Since the PET bottles are legally exported, revenue generation is higher which eventually increases the living standard of waste workers, our Recycler Saathis.
In this way, resources after use are not labelled as waste but rather attain a second life and shuffle along the same system. This cuts the production cost of new PET bottles provides better and enhanced employment opportunities for more people and also cuts off unnecessary costs and hassle of managing waste that does not belong to the landfill. The recycling of PET bottles in this way is a win-win for circular economy since it contributes to improving the overall efficiency of the entire socio-economic and environmental system.
While initiatives like Recycler Saathi contribute a great deal in the institutionalising circular economy- which is the need of the hour- the baton must also be carried by manufacturers and ensure the supply chain of products inclines to the principle of the circular economy. Similarly, consumers also play an important part in taking responsibility of their actions and being mindful of their patterns of consumption. In this way, ensuring the system adheres to circular economy requires the effort of not just one party but a joint collaboration of various parties involved- be it consumers, producers or third party organizations.
Hence, in the wake of increasing environmental problems, growing population, and skyrocketing industrialization it is crucial to consider and modify how we approach our everyday activities. Transitioning to a circular economy can prevent our failing economic and environmental state from collapsing and contribute to the world’s vision of sustainable development.
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10 Facts About the History of Education in Mexico
The history of education around the world is very different. Some countries had their first educational systems even a thousand years ago. Others are still struggling to create a good structure for their systems and combat illiteracy. Wise people all over the world realized that one of the strengths of their countries is knowledge and the more educated the population is the stronger they grow. Mexico is a very special case when you study their education and history. Being a country often caught in wars and revolutions the educational system was fairly influenced by the political status of the country. Nowadays Mexico is fighting illiteracy of the population on one side and on the other grows elites in their performant universities. Being able to choose from state and private universities, Mexicans all over the country fight for their growth. To put all of this into perspective, here are 10 facts about education in Mexico.
1.The education before the Spanish conquest
Quetzalcoatl was the Aztec god of air, wind, and learning. So even before their contact with the European civilization, Aztecs had schools where they trained priests and warriors. The priests had a high status in the society and the warriors were the strongest force for the expansion of the empire.
2.The Catholic church’s involvement
One of the most amazing Mexican education facts is the speed with which the colonists used the “civilization” as one of their reasons to conquer the “New Spain”. The involvement of the church was crucial, so it kept an authority position in the education system.
3. Very few girls attended education at establishments run by nuns and even fewer girls from wealthy families received tutoring with a private instructor.
4. The reform
During the rule of Benito Juarez, a reform was made. The Liberal views allowed a separation between the church and the state and in 1868 the system of secondary school was created.
5. Schooling in the 1900s
After the end of the Mexican Revolution that ended in 1920 events took place that gave us some of the most interesting Mexico school facts of the present. The state got more involved in the creation and administration of the public school system. Indigenous children and non-indigenous children started going to the same schools and studying in the same language.
6. The Royal Pontifical University of Mexico
Harvard College is the oldest American institution of higher education and was founded in 1636. The Royal Pontifical University of Mexico was founded in 1551, being the first university in North America! At that time, they educated people in the secrets of religion, law, and medicine.
7. The present-day structure of education
In Mexico, you have primary school from 1st to 6th year followed by junior high from 7th to 10th and two more years after that for high-school. After high-school, Mexican teens can choose to go to University following a 4-year bachelor’s degree, a 2-year master’s program, and a 3-year doctorate. Modern-day private universities in Mexico follow international standards, being close to the Bologna system in Europe. Students just like you go to college there and attend classes and lectures. The high level of education there allows some of them to go to international congresses, to meditate their colleagues and even use to offer writing services for others.
8. Present-day quality of schooling
The struggle nowadays to keep the youth in schools is real in Mexico. Almost all Mexican children attend primary school but not even half graduate high-school!
9. The best university in Mexico is considered to be Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.
10. The cost of a university year is on average around 5000$.
Studying the history of schooling in Mexico is amazing. The Mexican school facts you can find are very interesting. Seeing how the political and religious climate influenced the development of an educational system through centuries makes you realize a lot. The development of a country is strictly related to the level of knowledge and culture people have and vice-versa. For centuries the Catholic Church controlled the school system in Mexico and gave the few people getting an education, a religious one. After the coming of secularization, the state got more involved and started to actively work for the education of the people. Nowadays the Mexican school system is a very familiar one. You go to primary, junior-high and high-school. After that, you can attend the courses of various universities and get a bachelor’s, master’s, and doctorate degree. The cost of a year of university is much lower than in the US and the level of academic performance is a good one in the private colleges. |
Phishing attacks exploit HTTPS, warns FBI
Updated at: Oct 01, 2019
By Gatefy
Phishing attacks exploit HTTPS, warns FBI
Do you know the HTTPS and that lock symbol that appear when you are surfing the internet and that many people say have to do with ensuring your security and privacy? So the story isn’t always quite like this. The FBI issued an alert stating that cybercriminals have taken advantage of the false security provided by HTTPS and the lock icon to apply new phishing scams, increasing the number of victims.
“The presence of “https” and the lock icon are supposed to indicate the web traffic is encrypted and that visitors can share data safely. Unfortunately, cyber criminals are banking on the public’s trust of “https” and the lock icon”, explains the warning.
That’s not a new scam, actually. For quite some time, crooks have been using HTTPS as a trick to fool more people. Indeed, as many users still believe that HTTPS is a guarantee that the website is a legitimate one, they end up falling into the fraud.
“They (cybercriminals) are more frequently incorporating website certificates — third-party verification that a site is secure — when they send potential victims emails that imitate trustworthy companies or email contacts. These phishing schemes are used to acquire sensitive logins or other information by luring them to a malicious website that looks secure”, points out the FBI.
Recommendations to fight phishing
In the announcement, the FBI makes recommendations so you can protect yourself against phishing attacks that use HTTPS. We've added a few more tips so that you and your company can prevent different forms of phishing scams. Here they are:
1. Keep your systems up to date.
2. Be suspicious of unexpected emails.
3. Don't believe on super fantastic deals.
4. Always check the sender email address.
5. Check the message content.
6. Don't click on suspicious links and attachments.
7. In FBI words, don't "trust the website just because it has a lock icon or "https" in the browser address bar". |
What is a Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist who studies genes, heredity, and the variations of these within particular organisms. In the medical context, they focus on human genes, particularly in the relation between genes and particular diseases, identifying hereditary susceptibility, or potential causes and mutations of viruses and bacteria. Their work focuses on methods of improving the survival rate of humans from various hereditary diseases, determining medications that alter particular DNA strands in order to offset or improve a genetic disorder, or gathering evidence in support of a genetic study.
Work Environment
The work environment for geneticists tends to be in a laboratory setting. These areas will be clean, brightly lit, and generally comfortable areas. Some who engage in genetic counseling may also meet with patients to discuss potential hereditary health risks, or may work in a forensic milieu and need to offer expert testimony.
Despite the varied potential environments, however, the laboratory will often be a common denominator, with the need for research and study being foremost in the field.
Work Schedule
As a general rule, geneticists will work a standard eight-to-four or nine-to-five day, making a forty-hour work week. Occasional needs outside of these hours may arise, for example when offering testimony or during a rare genetically-related medical emergency, however these will be few and far between. Most geneticists will not need to put in overtime other than in cases of time-sensitive tests.
Geneticist Job Outlook and Prospects
The job outlook for geneticists is moderately promising, with an expected sixteen percent growth rate in the coming ten years. This is due in part to growth in the field overall, with improved testing and greater research and understanding of the effects of genetics in medical contexts. Coupled with this is the overall growth in all medical fields, the growing population of the United States, and a greater push among private drug manufacturers for developing new and innovative treatments.
Geneticist Salary: Factors and Influences
The average annual salary for a geneticist is currently around $68,000, ranging from $40,000 for the lowest paid to more than $110,000 on the higher end. These wages are affected by the experience of the geneticist, the education they hold, their geographic location, and the industry in which they work. Specialization plays a role as well, in so far as it dictates the industry worked and the level of education potentially required. Indeed, there seems to be no one factor influencing a geneticist’s salary more than any other; they all have significant potential impacts.
Education and Specialization
The education required for geneticists is dependent on the field of work they wish to engage in. Those who wish to engage in genetic research, for instance, will need a bachelor’s degree in biology with a broad range of science courses at least; to work as a senior-level researcher or director of research, they will need a graduate degree, often a doctorate. To work as a clinical geneticist, they will need a doctorate in medicine, as well as passing a medical licensing exam. Genetic counselors require at least a master’s degree in genetic counseling as well as a license in the same.
The education attained will help dictate the individual’s position in their business of choice; those with a doctorate in genetics will attain a higher position, and thus bring a higher wage. Similarly, a more specialized education (for example, receiving a doctorate in genetic counseling with a focus on prenatal diagnosis) will bring a higher wage due to the increased demand for specific services.
Experience and Position
Experience is a dominant factor influencing geneticists’ salary, with neophytes earning around the $40,000 range, while veterans in the field earn upwards of $100,000. Generally speaking, those with more than twenty years’ experience earn the highest salaries.
Position is a factor in a geneticist’s salary as well, though this is often dictated more by education than anything else. A more knowledgeable geneticist will be offered a higher position, and thus a greater salary.
Industry has a significant impact on salaries, offering differences of nearly $50,000. State governments, for example, may offer wages of around $52,000, while working for the Federal Executive Branch can see an average wage of more than $100,000. Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing offers a distant second-highest wage, at $76,000.
Location is always a factor influencing wages, with states that have a higher cost of living offering higher wages. Maryland tops the geneticist charts, with averages around $107,000. The District of Columbia has the second highest, at $103,000, while California takes the third position at $91,000. |
Interpersonal Communication Interview Questions & Answers
1. Question 1. What Is Interpersonal Communication?
Answer :
Intrapersonal communication is a communicator’s internal use of language or thought. It can be useful to envision intrapersonal communication occurring in the mind of the individual in a model which contains a sender, receiver, and feedback loop.
2. Question 2. What Are The Steps In The Communication Process?
Answer :
The communication process has four steps, which are encoding, medium of transmission, decoding and feedback. Following the steps of the process helps to establish effective communication and ensures that no messages are lost or misunderstood.
The first step of the communication process, encoding, is perhaps the most crucial since assumptions will follow. The sender needs to deliver a message that is concise and clear. Issues such as tone of voice and body language also need to be considered, as these factors play a key role in how a message is interpreted.
This leads on to the second step, medium of transmission. It is the responsibility of the sender to decide how and when to deliver the message to increase the chances of it being understood. The form that a message takes can be critical to the next step, decoding.
Once the message has been fully delivered, the role of the sender ends. It is then up to the receiver to decode the message in the way it was intended. Once the receiver has understood the message clearly, feedback ends the communication process.
Feedback is given by the receiver to the sender through the form of acknowledgement or short response. This final step is important because the sender then understands the effectiveness of the message.
3. Business Communications Interview Questions
4. Question 3. What Is The Communication Process, And What Appears On A Diagram Of The Communication Process?
Answer :
The communication process consists of the steps taken to ensure the successful transmission of ideas between two or more people. A simple diagram of the communication process includes a sender, message, receiver and feedback in a circular flow chart.
The communication process is as simple as two people talking face-to-face or as complex as intricate social media sites connecting individuals from across the world. They all have the basic components of the communication process in common: sender, message, receiver and feedback. A sender needs to choose a message to send as the foundation for communication. From there, a method to send this message needs to be decided. Email, television and viral videos all are examples of a channel of communicating a message. The receiver has to be able to accept and decode the message in order for the communication to be successful. The connecting step in the communication process is the receiver sending feedback to the original sender. An example of this feedback is direct written or oral communication, including questions or comments.
5. Question 4. What Are The Stages In The Communication Cycle?
Answer :
The five key stages in the communication cycle are message creation, transmission, reception, translation and response. A communication cycle refers to the process by which a message is developed and sent to the recipient through a selected channel.
The first stage in communication is the creation of an idea or the message. It is the process by which the sender decides what he wants to communicate and selects the channel through which to convey this information.
The second step is message transmission. This process may be as simple as meeting with the recipient and orally communicating the information, or communicating with the intended recipient over the phone.
The reception stage involves change of communication responsibilities between the sender and the recipient. The receiver obtains the information by reading the information in written format or listening carefully to the message when delivered orally.
The next stage is translation. During this step, the recipient encodes the message into a form that he easily understands. This may involve an individual listening to or reading the message and paraphrasing it in his head.
The final stage in communication cycle is response. It fulfills the requirement of an effective communication as a two-way street. After receiving the message, the recipient crafts a response and communicates it verbally or in a written format.
6. Business Communications Tutorial
7. Question 5. What Are The Principles Of Interpersonal Communication?
Answer :
There are four Principles of Interpersonal Communication
1. Interpersonal communication is inescapable
2. Interpersonal communication is irreversible
3. Interpersonal communication is complicated
4. Interpersonal communication is contextual
8. Sales Interview Questions
9. Question 6. What Is Interpersonal Communication Is Inescapable?
Answer :
10. Question 7. What Is Interpersonal Communication Is Irreversible?
Answer :
You can’t really take back something once it has been said. The effect must inevitably remain. Despite the instructions from a judge to a jury to “disregard that last statement the witness made,” the lawyer knows that it can’t help but make an impression on the jury. A Russian proverb says, “Once a word goes out of your mouth, you can never swallow it again.”
11. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Tutorial
Brand Management Interview Questions
12. Question 8. What Is Interpersonal Communication Is Complicated?
Answer :
Osmo Wiio gives us some communication maxims similar to Murphy’s law (Osmo Wiio, Wiio’s Laws–and Some Others (Espoo, Finland: Welin-Goos, 1978):
• If communication can fail, it will.
13. Question 9. What Is Interpersonal Communication Is Contextual?
Answer :
• Psychological context, which is who you are and what you bring to the interaction. Your needs, desires, values, personality, etc., all form the psychological context. (“You” here refers to both participants in the interaction.)
• Relational context, which concerns your reactions to the other person–the “mix.”
• Situational context deals with the psycho-social “where” you are communicating. An interaction that takes place in a classroom will be very different from one that takes place in a bar.
• Environmental context deals with the physical “where” you are communicating. Furniture, location, noise level, temperature, season, time of day, all are examples of factors in the environmental context.
14. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Interview Questions
15. Question 10. How Does Developing A Friendship Online Compare With Developing A Friendship Face-to-face?
Answer :
16. Online Marketing Tutorial
17. Question 11. How Does The Show “lie To Me” Link With The Deception Concept Within Communication Studies? Does It Hold True To The Concept?
Answer :
The TV show “Lie to Me”, as the show’s website itself explains, is based on the real life stories of a true-life criminal profiler; an expert at noting the physiological changes that manifest in human expression, gaze, facial gestures, and emotions, when people try to lie, or cause deceit.
18. Sales and marketing Interview Questions
19. Question 12. How Could The Deception Concept Be Improved, Or How Could It Be Modified To Be Even Better?
Answer :
While Buller and Burgoon (1998) make a great attempt at breaking down the components of how deception manifests through interpersonal communication, there is little information on what are the main causative factors for deception, or where the human need to deceive find its motivational source.
It has been explained through the theory that it is our primitive instinct of self-preservation what often motivates us to conceal, embellish, exaggerate, or plain change information altogether. However, all this is explained under an interpersonal perspective.
When you explain a mode of communication from merely the interpersonal perspective, you merely focus on a specific scenario, where two people must exchange information and “read” each other’s non-verbal communication.
20. Business Communications Interview Questions
21. Question 13. What Are The Key Components Of The Deception Concept?
Answer :
• gesture- a sudden change in the primary expression
22. Digital Marketing Tutorial
23. Question 14. What Should A Person Do When Confronted With A Conflict Starter Statement?
Answer :
If someone begins a conversation with a conflict starter, one of the most effective counter moves is to say something like, “Let me see if I can re-state your concern to make sure I understand it thoroughly and then address it to your satisfaction.” By countering your antagonist with a restatement of his or her conflict starter, you accomplish two important goals:
1. your restatement allows you to soften the conflict-starter with a reasonable interpretation of the person’s concern but in more neutral terms and
Most conflict-starter statements are designed to put you on the defensive, but by your reasonable and thoughtful restatement of the issue–in more neutral terms–you will almost always put your aggressor in a more conciliatory mood, and a true discussion can then begin. In many cases, people begin a discussion with a conflict starter because they believe your response is going to be equally argumentative. By restating the argument in more neutral terms, however, the conflict is then set forth in terms in which a resolution is possible.
24. Question 15. How Can We Avoid Making Conflict Starter Statements?
Answer :
The best way to avoid conflict starter statements is to think hard about what we are saying and try to avoid injecting emotion into our statement.
Conflict starter statements come about when we let our emotions get the better of us. We then try to strike out at people who have made us angry instead of simply focusing on what we want done.
25. Online Marketing Interview Questions
26. Question 16. What Would Make You An Effective Or Ineffective Listener?
Answer :
There are at least two major factors that help to determine whether we will be effective or ineffective listeners. One is the degree to which we care about listening. The other is the extent to which our minds are open and flexible.
Part of listening is making the effort to listen. Good listening involves trying hard to understand what the other person is saying. It is an active process in which we watch the other person for body language cues and in which we listen to their voices for clues from how they speak. It is a process in which we try to think about what they might be thinking so as to understand what subtexts might be present beneath the actual words that they are saying. All of this takes effort.
27. Analog Communication Tutorial
28. Question 17. What Daily Challenges Do We Encounter In Listening?
Answer :
We can encounter a number of different challenges every day that affect our ability to truly listen to people. Let us look at some examples.
Outside noise. This can be a serious problem as it detracts from our ability to pay attention to the person who is talking to us. We live in a noisy world with sirens, TV sets in waiting rooms, and people talking on their cell phones. All of these sorts of things can make it hard for us to listen properly. In addition, internal noise from our own thoughts or preconceptions can also make it hard to listen and understand properly.
Electronic devices. Today, practically everyone carries a cellphone and many people do a lot of texting. Many people have smartphones that allow them to access the internet.
29. Digital Marketing Interview Questions
30. Question 18. Give A Situtation In Which Someone May Have Used A Familiar Word But With A Different Meaning Than You Were Accustomed To.
Answer :
31. Sales Interview Questions
32. Question 19. How Would One Categorize A Conflict Involving Two People Engaged In Name-calling And Personal Attacks On Each Other?
Answer :
Interaction between two or more individuals involving name-calling and personal attacks, besides being immature, could be categorized as “incivil,” “confrontational,” “argumentative,” or “aggressive.” Probably the most appropriate of those labels, though, is “incivil.” Incivility is defined as “the quality or state of being uncivil,” and commonly refers to the use of name-calling and personal attacks in the course of communications between two or more people. [Definition is from Merriam-Webster.] Depending upon the degree of incivility and aggression, this behavior may be legal assault as defined by Tort and Criminal law:
Intentionally putting another person in reasonable apprehension of an imminent harmful or offensive contact. No intent to cause physical injury needs to exist, and no physical injury needs to result. (LII, Cornell University)
A 2011 article in U.S.A. Today described a study by the American Psychological Association that concluded that workplace incivility was on he rise in the United States, a situation exacerbated by the economic difficulties and high unemployment that have characterized American society for the past half-dozen years. According to the article, the APA study found that “‘75% to 80# of people have experienced incivility. It’s a growing and prevalent problem,’ said Jeannie Trudel of Indiana Wesleyan University-Marion’.” [“Incivility a Growing Problem at Work, Psychologists Say,” U.S.A. Today, August 9, 2011]
In short, the conduct described in the question can best be categorized as incivil or, depending on excess and degree, assault.
33. Principles of Communication Tutorial
34. Question 20. Have Facebook, Skype And Texting Increased Or Decreased The Chances For Long-distance Relationships To Be Successful?
Answer :
Today’s couples involved in long-distance relationships have it better than earlier generations. Geography, however, didn’t entirely disappear with the introduction of social networking, texting, and Skype. Physical intimacy remains important to most relationships, and no amount of texting or Skype can substitute for that.
35. Analog Communication Interview Questions |
TT 13: Firehouse
In October 1871, a massive fire broke out in the city of Chicago, setting the city ablaze. The glow of the flames could be seen even from Naperville, 28 miles away. A week after the fire, a member of the Chicago Board of Public Works wrote to his brother: “Our beautiful city is in ruins. The greatest calamity that ever befell a city is upon us. Boastful Chicago lies prostrate and with outstretched arms in begging of her sister cities for relief.” Naperville residents eagerly responded to the call for aid. People went door to door soliciting food for the relief effort. The fire also sent a jarring message to Naperville: the town was fast outgrowing its bucket brigade. Even so, it took three years—and a large fire—before a modern fire pumper, named the “Little Joe Naper,” was purchased for $1,752.00. A Hook and Ladder Company, composed of a fire marshal and volunteers, was formed to operate the pumper. When the fire bell rang, the volunteers rushed to the firehouse, which was often just a shed or garage large enough to store the pumper. There, they harnessed the ropes on the side of the pumper to their shoulders and hauled it to the fire. The intake hose was hooked up to any nearby water source, perhaps a cistern, stream, or well. The outtake hose, pressurized from the hand pumping of the firemen, blasted out 250 gallons of water a minute—smothering flames with a force that no human chain of buckets passed hand-to-hand could match. |
The Treaty Of Versailles To Germany
597 words - 3 pages
The main problem that Germany had to face at the end of the World War I was the Treaty of Versailles. It was the formal agreement that ended the war. American President and French Prime Minister had tempted Germany to surrender with their fourteen points. This plan was to be the basis for a treaty that emphasized peace and forgiveness. Some of these terms were particularly punishing the Germany. As the result of this treaty Germany's army minimized and Germany had big economic lost. In addition, Germany also had to give lots of land as a punishment. Therefore, Treaty of Versailles was unfair to Germany.First of all, the German army and navy were strictly limited. After Ma ...view middle of the document...
Germany had to pay totaling of $30 billion for war damages. And Germany had to pay this all on its own. Well this is the war (fight), and anything thing happen in war. Only the country, which looses is not responsible for all the damages that happened in war. So, why only Germany had to pay for it? Moreover, Germany had to turn over its coalmines to France for 15 years. This all things gave Germany big economic lost.Following to the Treaty of Versailles Germany lost his most of land. It had to accept the complete independence of Poland, Austria and Czechoslovakia. The decision taken to redraw the Europe's map, reducing the area of Germany and dividing it into two parts so that newly independent Poland would have a corridor to the sea. That's not it; Germany must had to give up all his rights and titles to its overseas possessions.Germany hesitated to sign such a harsh treaty, and submitted eventually because the Allies threatened to resume fighting. Historians past and present agree that this treaty brought not peace but the certainly of renewed war. This treaty that minimized Germany's army, minimized land area for Germany and give it big lost in economy that proves that the it was totally unfair to it. Germany had to accept responsibility for causing all the loss and damage the allies and their citizens have suffered. In short it blames only Germany for World War I. The one main question is, "Why only Germany had to accept this all terms alone? Why not to allies of Germany?" Therefore, the Treaty of Versailles was totally unfair to Germany.
Was the Treaty of Versailles harsh or lenient to Germany?
Essay On The Treaty Of Versailles
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The Right of Freedom to Live
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Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa Overview
Reviewed: May 8, 2014
It is estimated that one half to one percent of women in the United States suffers from anorexia nervosa, which amounts to between 8 and 15 million women. Men can suffer from anorexia as well, but because 90% of the people affected by the condition are women, it is primarily seen as women’s disease. Nonetheless, estimates show that there may be up to a million men who suffer from anorexia as well.
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is characterized by an extreme fear of gaining weight, an inability or refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, and usually causes a patient to have a distorted self image of his or her own body, often seeing themselves as overweight or imperfect. Patients can become very ill and the disease has the highest mortality rate of any eating disorder and psychiatric disorder.
Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms
Symptoms of anorexia may be dramatic but can also be subtle and take years to develop. Some of the most common symptoms include obvious and rapid weight loss, ‘lanugo’ which is fine hair that appears on the face and body, a preoccupation with food and caloric intake, continued dieting despite being underweight, frequent and strenuous exercise, and the use of diet pills and laxatives to prevent weight gain. Patients may become depressed and isolated, and wear large baggy clothes to hide weight loss in if they’ve been confronted about it, or to cover up what the patient sees as an ‘unattractive’ body.
Anorexia Nervosa Causes
The causes of anorexia are thought to be both biological and environmental. Genetic studies have shown that anorexia can run in families, and have also shown that there are several different genetic and hormonal factors in play. Environmental risk factors and social factors also have been shown to play a large role in the development of anorexia, and professions and social situations where there is pressure to be thin play a large role. Women who have suffered sexual abuse are also at greater risk for the development of anorexia and other eating disorders.
Anorexia Nervosa Diagnosis
While it has undergone some criticism, anorexia is also considered a clinical psychiatric disorder by the American Psychiatric Association, and is defined as having an intense fear of gaining weight, a refusal to maintain a body weight above 85% of normal for age and body type, three consecutive missed periods, a refusal to admit to the seriousness of the weight loss, and an undue influence of body shape and weight on a person’s self image.
Anorexia Nervosa Treatments
Treatment for anorexia relies on three aspects: restoring the person to a healthy weight, treating the psychiatric issues related to the disease, and changing the behaviors that are thought to have led to the disease. Hospitalization may be necessary at the beginning of treatment to rectify any health problems such as heart problems, malnutrition or electrolyte imbalances. Dietary aspects of treatment include supplementation with zinc, essential fatty acids, nutrition counseling, and Medical Nutrition Therapy
Some forms of psychotherapy can help make the psychological reasons for anorexia better. Psychotherapy is sometimes known as “talk therapy.” It uses different ways of communicating to change a patient’s thoughts or behavior. This kind of therapy can be useful for treating eating disorders in young patients who have not had anorexia for a long time.
Anorexia Nervosa Other Treatments
Anorexia Nervosa Prognosis
Someone with anorexia may look very thin. With proper treatment many patients can make a full recovery. However, untreated anorexia can lead to dangerous and even lifethreatening malnutrition. This is especially dangerous when patients use extreme measures to lose weight for long periods of time including:
• Making her or himself throw up
• Taking pills to urinate or have a bowel movement
• Taking diet pills
• Not eating or eating very little
• Weighing food and counting calories
• Eating very small amounts of only certain foods
• Moving food around the plate instead of eating it |
What is Clean Eating?
What is Clean Eating?
Clean eating seems to be somewhat of a buzz word, but what the heck do I mean when I say clean eating?
Clean eating is not just about trying to lose weight. It’s about making better food choices that make you healthier.Most of today’s food is processed to some degree. When you consume one food product, you are often unknowingly introducing your body to so many other toxins and chemicals as well. These may be foods of convenience or flavor, but they are leaving your body and mind weaker and unhappier, and you don’t even know it.
What is Clean Eating?
What is Clean Eating?
Clean eating is a journey to making sure that you only allow natural things to enter your body. This ensures that you keep out as many harmful chemicals and preservatives as possible that can cause your energy levels fluctuate and impede the freshness of the food. It is a lifestyle shift that leaves you feeling better than ever. There are a few basic principles to keep in mind to get—and keep—you on the right path.
Shop Consciously
It is time to you pay extra attention to the kinds of things you are buying. This means knowing what fruits and vegetables are in season, what produce is sourced locally, and what produce is grown organically. It is important so you do not end up consuming pesticide residue or produce that is treated by hormones; that can be counter-productive, even if you are eating what you think you should be eating.
Start asking grocers and farmers where they get what you are buying to ensure that you buy the freshest and most top-quality produce, free of toxins.
If you are buying packaged foodstuff, make it a habit to read the nutrition label. Nutrition labels containing more than five ingredients or difficult to pronounce names should raise red flags and be avoided.
Check out this article: Do I Really Need to Buy Organic?
Cook Consciously
What you eat matters, of course, but so does how you make it. Make sure that you stay away from methods that take away nutrients from food that is inherently nutritious. This includes deep frying or stewing in animal or plant fats, or any methods that involve a high level of unhealthy fat. It is a better – also quicker and easier – method to just steam or bake vegetables.
Try substituting avocado oil for butter wherever you can to avoid the saturated fats. While olive oil, coconut oil and avocado oils are better choices than other oils, they are still a processed food and I would suggest limiting their intake. Try sauteing thing with just a little water. You’ll be surprised that sometimes it works just as well.
Try to avoid using salt in high quantities and try healthier, more interesting alternatives to salt such as spices, herbs, and lemon. Spruce up your meal as well as your health. Also, if you are debating eating out or cooking in, it is always better to be in control of how you make your food.
Choose Consciously
Be smart about what you choose to eat. Choose foods that are in their natural form. Ones that look as close as they can to how they came out of the ground. Get your fill of nutrients with 2 ½ to 3 cups of fresh fruits and vegetables to fight against the risk of developing illnesses such as heart problems, blood pressure irregularities, obesity, and cancer.
Try eating your vegetables raw or steamed to make the most out of the nutrients they carry. The safest methods of clean eating are steaming, baking, and sautéing in order to ensure that the natural nutritional value of the food is maintained. Do not be afraid to try out vegetables in places you have not before, in forms you have not tried before.
Need Help Getting Started?
Making changes to your diet can be very daunting. That’s why I’m here to hold your hand and coach you during this time of transition. Join my next 6 week FASTer Way to Fat Loss round where I’ll walk you through a proven nutrition and fitness program that will help you to establish your healthy habits for life. Click here to find out more and when my next group program will be starting.
Are you ready to step into your new clean eating routine?
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15+ Fruits that Start with J
Next in our alphabet of fruits is fruits that start with J. We’ve found a pretty decent number of fruits, so keep scrolling to read more about each one.
1. Jabuticaba
You’d get a better idea of where to find the jaboticaba fruit if you heard its other name: Brazilian grapetree. It grows in a handful of South American countries, including Brazil.
The fruits are a deep purple color. They are safe to eat raw or cooked.
2. Jackfruit
If you want to see some of the biggest fruits in the world, look no further than the massive jackfruit. At its largest size, it can weigh over a hundred pounds!
Want to buy some for yourself? Here’s where to find jackfruit in the grocery store.
3. Jamaican Tangelo
Another name for the Jamaican tangelo is uglifruit or uniq fruit. In appearance, you could describe it as looking like a pear-shaped lemon.
It’s very juicy, and sweeter than you’d expect, given its citrusy appearance.
4. Japanese Pear
The Japanese pear has orange skin with golden flecks scattered across it. Unlike other pears, you shouldn’t really use them in baking because they have a gritty texture that can be unpleasant. Instead, they taste best when you eat them raw.
Read Also: Why are Pears Gritty?
5. Japanese Persimmon
Japanese persimmon is one of the oldest plants cultivated by people. Historically, it was rumored to be able to cure headaches and back pain, although that is not necessarily true.
Instead of using it for medicine, try eating it raw. It has a sweet and tangy flavor worth sampling. If you want a more in-depth description, check out our post on what persimmon tastes like.
6. Japanese Plum
Japanese plum trees grow such gorgeous flowers that people have been painting them for hundreds of years. The trees come from China, but have spread to Japan, Korea, and Taiwan with time.
Across Asia, the fruits appear in a variety of recipes. Some use the fruit to make juice, for example, and others use it to make liquor.
7. Japanese Quince
Japanese quince plants are most popular because of the beautiful flowers they grow. They’re not typically grown for the fruits, which are tough and unappealing to eat by themselves. However, you can use the fruits to make liqueur and marmalade.
Read Also: What Does Quince Taste Like?
8. Java Apple
The tropical Java apple tree grows in some parts of Asia. In the Indian ocean islands, Java apples are commonly served in salads. You can also eat it out of hand as-is.
9. Java Plum
Java plum trees are treasured for a number of reasons: their delicious fruit, their wood, and their aesthetic. It originally came from India, but was eventually spread to other tropical countries like those in the Caribbean.
10. Jocote
Jocote is the most popular name for this cashew family plant. One way to eat the fruit is raw with a little bit of salt.
11. Jonagold Apple
Jonagold is a particular type of apple that is a hybrid of the Golden Delicious and Jonathan apples. They’re especially big apples that are wonderfully juicy and sweet with sour notes.
If you’re looking for the sweetest and juiciest apples out there, be sure to take a look at our guide to what the sweetest and juiciest apples are.
12. Jonathan Apple
There are a couple theories about why the Jonathan apple got its name. Some say it was named after a boy who liked to go to the orchard where they grew. Others say it was named after a man who discovered the apple.
13. Jostaberry
Jostaberries are so dark that they appear almost black. Although they are delicious either raw or cooked, they’re not grown on a commercial scale because they’re not easily harvested mechanically.
14. Jujube
Because jujube is now grown quite widely, no one is completely sure where it originally came from. It tastes like an apple, but not as tart.
15. Juneberry
Juneberry plants grow all over the northern hemisphere. Since they taste like blueberries, they’re perfect for snacking on.
16. Junglesop
Junglesop fruits can get quite large, although not nearly as large as jackfruit. People in Africa love to eat the fruit, but it allegedly takes time to get used to the taste.
17. Juniper Berry
Juniper berries look like blueberries that grow on pine trees. In Europe, some people use juniper berries to flavor gin.
Fruits that Start with J
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Why are mince pies called mince pies?
WHEN mince pies reappear in shops they signal the start of the festive period.
For many they're the thing most looked forward to about Christmas.
Why are mince pies called mince pies?
Mince pies might seem like a funny name for something that usually doesn't contain meat – at least in the modern day.
Originally they did contain meat and over the course of history the recipe changed.
The British recipe can be traced back to the 13th century when crusaders brought back fruits, spices and meats from the Middle East.
They used to be savoury in flavour and made using minced meat, suet (which is hard white fat), dried fruits, spices cloves and nutmeg – they were often consumed as a main course meal.
In the Tudor period they contained 13 ingredients to represent Jesus and his 12 apostles and mutton represented the shepherds.
For some time mince pies were linked to Catholicism.
They also used to be made in a longer rectangular shape but during the Victorian period they became circular, just as we have them today.
It was also within the Victorian period that the recipes became sweeter and meat was phased out.
What is in mincemeat?
Mincemeat most often used today is made from a mixture of chopped dried fruit, distilled spirits and spices.
The method came about as a way to preserve meat without salting or smoking it.
Today there is sometimes beef suet (hard white fat), beef, or venison included in the mix, though this is rare and usually they are meat-free.
Traditionally, mincemeat used to always contain meat and modern recipes have moved away from this.
There are many recipes available online with slight variations.
Are mince pies vegeterian?
Modern mince pies usually are vegetarian, but you should always check individual packaging to be certain.
Most mince pies sold today are not made using mince, like the name suggests.
The treats can even be made vegan and with various other substitutes depending on dietary requirements.
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Do Juul pods contain formaldehyde
What is formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a flammable, terribly smelling chemical used in various foods, vape products and even our own bodies.
Usually, this isn’t found in the environment, as it quickly dissolves in air, and coverts to glycol in water.
Formaldehyde model – structural chemical formula of molecule, 2d and 3d vector on white background, eps 8
You’ll find trace amounts in various fish, fruits, alcohol and processed foods, to name a few.
As for non-consumable forms, it’s used in washing products, glues, mouthwash and make ups.
Infact formaldehyde is such a widely used chemical, you’ll find it quite hard to avoid it if you try, with the sheer amount of use’s it has in modern society.
Is formaldehyde dangerous?
To an extent. As always “the dose maketh the poison”. It can be toxic and carcinogenic to humans in high doses. This usually affects humans through eye irritation, throat irritation, coughing, wheezing and chest pains to name a few. It’s important to be mindful of it’s presence for those susceptible to dermatitis, as it can cause it acutely to those in fairly small concentrations.
How does it get into Juul Pods
A big reason why you can detect formaldehyde in vape products isn’t always because it’s there in the first place, but because it’s produced when the ingredients are heated to a super high temperature.
Through normal use of vapes, this will occur in no, or very insignificant amounts, however those who chain smoke, and keep on hitting the coil are at risk of heating their liquids to the point that it forms the formaldehyde.
Should you be worried?
That’s a little hard to tell. Many anti-vaping sources make claims about all these scary looking chemicals are in your juice and that Formaldehyde is a dangerous key ingredient, which isn’t exactly true. On the other hand, people should be mindful of the chemicals that are going into their body.
The best course of action, in my opinion, is to always be mindful about what juice your vaping and where you’re getting it from and being making sure you’re using the vape in the correct way.
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Related Questions
Lions can be dangerous to humans if you are in their territory or by their young.
Lions are dangerous to humans and other animals. Basicly lions are dangerous to everything, and everyone because they are meat eaters.
humans are powerful because they can kill a lion by a gun but still lions are dangerous
The most Dangerous animals in the world besides humans are probaly the lions, hippos, and the white tigers. But many other animals are dangerous too.
In any situation that they get too close. Lions are wild animals whether they are domesticated, in a zoo, or out in the wild.
Lions are most dangerous to humans in the first 10 days following a full moon. Most attacks occur between 6 PM and 9:45 PM. Approaching cubs or lions in general is not wise as it can be considered threatening by the lion.
how are lions helpful / harmful to humans? how are lions helpful / harmful to humans?
Absolutely. Hippos kill more humans than any other animal, even lions, in Africa.
hippos are the most dangerous animals to humans in africathen elephantsthen lions etc...Don´t forget the malaria mosquito and its disease-inducing microorganism.
Natural disasters or climate occurances, such as drought creates difficulties. Most dangerous to the lions though, I would say are humans.
Lions are apex predators which means they do not have any natural predator. There is no animal that can kill and consume a tiger. Lions have only 2 enemies - One is their own clan - Lions can kill one another during a fight. Second is Humans. Humans are the most dangerous foes of the Lions. Humans have been hunting lions as part of game hunting for decades which has wiped out large populations of these majestic beasts.
white lions are not as agresive as normal lions
well they are carnivores so if somehow u got bitten they may mistake u for a steak?
yeah humans can make guns and kill lions from a distance
Yes, lions and humans have a similar respiratory structure.
There are many dangerous animals that can harm a human. The most obvious ones are the larger ones such as lions and tigers. However, smaller animals such as stray dogs can also be dangerous.
Humans and other lions hunt lions.
Lions are not dangerous unless you provoke them
Lions are very dangerous animals. They are fast so there is no way to get out of a lion chasing you.
lions. humans eat lions, and humans are mammals.
Except humans and male lions, there are no major predators for the lions
Lions are more dangerous than hyenas because they are stronger and bigger carnivores.
they hate humans for the simple fact that there meat eat eatter and humans are meat
Not normally, but Humans are dangerous to them.
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It is also a system program. Kernel consists of various modules and it interacts directly with the low level hardware. It’s main purpose is memory management, disk management, process management and task management. Single and Multiprogramming batch system, Distributed operating system, Realtime operating system. Measure the time spent in context switch? Operating System is an interface between user and hardware of the computer. It is also a system program. When computer boots up Operating System is the first program that loads. Writing code in comment? Difference between Mac and Linux kernel in one line. The Kernel is the central module of an operating system (OS). kernel acts as an interface between software and hardware of the system. Kernel is the core part of operating system and responsible for all major activities of this operating system. On the other hand, Opertaing system acts as … On the other hand, Android OS is detailed as "An open source mobile operating system by Google".It is a mobile platform which … It also provides the required abstraction to hide low level hardware details to system or application programs. The macOS kernel (XNU) has been around longer than Linux and was based on a combination of two even older code bases. Kernel memory management, process management, task management, disk management. Kernel is system software which is part of operating system. Your email address will not be published. Key Differences Between Kernel and Operating System. The basic difference between an operating system and kernel is that operating system is the system program that manages the resources of the system, and the kernel is the important part (program) in the operating system. All operating system needs kernel to run. It provides common services for computer programs. Firmware, operating system, kernel... these are some common terminologies that an embedded system developer runs in to - a lot. Type of operating system includes single and multiuser OS, multiprocessor OS, realtime OS, Distributed OS. Linux is what is known as a macro kernel, this means that everything you need for an operating system and the low level kernel functions are all in the kernel, so in reality the kernel is the operating system. The kernel is the core of the operating system. Experience. Please Improve this article if you find anything incorrect by clicking on the "Improve Article" button below. A kernel is the core component of an operating system. acknowledge that you have read and understood our, GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam, Difference between System Software and Application Software, Difference between Application Software and Operating System, Difference between Operating System and Kernel, Monolithic Kernel and key differences from Microkernel, Privileged and Non-Privileged Instructions in Operating System, Process Table and Process Control Block (PCB). Kernel is an interface between software and hardware of the computer. ^ "Kernel Definition". Kernel: It is a system program that provides interface between user and computer. We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. Operating System: Kernel threads are recognized by OS. Don’t stop learning now. Kernel: A kernel is the core component of an operating system. However, in addition to the responsibilities of the kernel, operating system is also responsible for protection and security of the system. Implementation of User threads is easy. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks. Context switch time is less. Difference between Operating System and Kernel: Attention reader! For most people, using a computer is second nature. The Linux Information Project. On the other hand, a kernel is classified as monolithic kernels and microkernel. Implementation of Kernel thread is complicated. In addition to the responsibilities of Kernel, Operating System is responsible for protection and security of the computer. Kernel. Difference Between Microkernel and Monolithic Kernel, Difference Between Network Operating System and Distributed Operating System, Difference Between Linux and Windows Operating System, Difference Between Logical and Physical Address in Operating System, Difference Between Preemptive and Non-Preemptive Scheduling in OS, Difference Between Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmission, Difference Between Paging and Segmentation in OS, Difference Between Internal and External fragmentation, Difference Between while and do-while Loop, Difference Between Pure ALOHA and Slotted ALOHA, Difference Between Recursion and Iteration, Difference Between Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat Protocol, Difference Between Greedy Method and Dynamic Programming.
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Slipstreaming or Drafting
The dark art of slipstreaming or drafting has long been a staple of motorsport as well as many other sports such as cycling. But what is actually going on when it happens and why doesn’t it work for F1 cars?
The Science Bit
The principle is actually quite simple. As a car moves through the air it creates a pocket of lower pressure behind it. This partial vacuum will allow another car to move with less air resistance.
The lower resistance will allow the second car to move faster but also to move using less power, which means less throttle and less fuel. The principle is the same in water and for any object moving through any medium.
There is, however, an advantage to the front car too, in some cases. By filling the vacuum behind the lead car, the amount of air pushing down on the rear of the lead car is also less. This, in turn, can help the lead car move more efficiently too.
If anyone in motorsport is asked for an example of drafting, they’re highly likely to say NASCAR. The long tracks and relatively simple shapes of the cars make it a perfect place for it. It was actually “invented” at the Daytona 500 in the 60s.
You can easily see long lines of cars all bunched together in NASCAR races. It may look like close racing but they are actually all using each other to increase the overall speed and reduce fuel use and pitstops. Of course, at some point each driver has to pull out and make a leap for the lead, and this is where it can get very exciting.
If you watch F1, you will hear a lot of talk about running in dirty air. It often seems like being behind a car is really bad and goes totally against the principles discussed above. There is, however, a reason for this.
While drafting can help in straight lines or long, banked high speed corners, it does not help in tight twisty bits of track. It also causes issues when cars have very complex aerodynamic systems. F1 cars are very delicately set up and though in one instant they may get a bit of help being behind another car, the minute it comes to a corner it all goes wrong. The vacuum changes shape and the aero is negatively effected by the “wash” from the car in front changing direction.
The 2017 Mercedes cars were designed to lead; they worked best in clean air so if Hamilton fell behind and got stuck trying to pass someone, it made the car handle very badly.
Having said all of that, on the straight the slingshot pass still works in F1. This is where the following driver will gain extra speed in the vacuum behind the lead car and then move out rapidly to overtake and slingshot past them. Of course, this is increased with the use of DRS and the like but the principle is still important.
If you race in any kind of motorsport, then get in touch to find out more about our fire suppression systems. We supply and fit fire extinguisher systems to classic cars, track day car and even F1 cars!
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