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Diabetic Leg Ulcers Diabetes is a disease that causes your blood sugar or blood glucose level to surge. Some of the early signs of diabetes can include frequent urination, feeling exhausted, increased thirst, blurry vision, numbness, irritability, patches of dark skin, and last but not least, slow healing of cuts and wounds. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease and develops when your immune system attacks and damages the beta cells of the pancreas that produce insulin. It is also said that viruses can trigger this disease as well and that environmental factors and genes play a huge role in its development. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce sufficient insulin or when your body becomes resistant to insulin. For type 2 diabetes, being inactive and overweight are some of the risk factors along with environmental factors and genetics. If you contract diabetes, excessive blood sugar levels can cause severe damage to the blood vessels and cause other complications as well. These complications can include damage to nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other parts of the body. Diabetes can also lead to an increased risk of stroke and heart attack, and various sexual problems. One of the major health risks that come along with diabetes is wound healing. If a person develops diabetes, wounds usually take longer than normal to heal, and hence, there are increased chances of development and spread of infections and other such issues that can wreak havoc on your overall health. However, if you know how to deal with your diabetes and you can manage it nicely by bringing changes to your lifestyle, the rate at which your wounds heal can be improved exponentially. Hence, there is a mitigated risk of contracting other infections and complicated health issues. A lot of people who have diabetes often experience aggravated health issues that are the consequences of infected wounds. Getting cuts, burns, and wounds is an inevitable part of life and a serious health risk for those people who have diabetes. The people with diabetes, who also contract wounds or other minor cuts, usually face issues when it comes to the healing of those wounds. These wounds usually either take longer to heal, are not properly healed, or do not heal at all. These complications then further lead to dangerous infections that make the already bad situation even worse for a diabetic patient. These infections can also spread to other parts of the body such as bones, tissues, and in those cases where there is a lack of medical care, these infections can be a threat to life as well. For a healthy lifestyle, it is important that a person regularly exercises or at least walks enough to remain active, however, if a diabetic person develops an infection in their wounds, it can have adverse effects on their overall health as these infections make exercise and walking very difficult and painful. So, it is important that a diabetic person manages their blood sugar levels and keeps it under control to mitigate the risk of infections that come with wounds that take longer to heal. Several reports show that almost one in four diabetic people develop foot ulcers. These foot ulcers are painful sores that can eventually lead to the amputation of the foot. It is also reported that diabetes contributes to two hundred and thirty amputations daily in the United States of America. There is a major connection between wound healing and blood glucose levels. Diabetes has an impact on the insulin factor of the body and makes it difficult for the body to maintain the levels of glucose in the blood. Permanently high blood glucose levels can lead to an adverse effect on the white blood cells functioning. When white blood cells can’t play their role efficiently, the body’s ability to fight bacteria and close wounds mitigates. Poor blood circulation throughout the body makes the delivery of nutrients to the wounds difficult and hence, there is slow healing of wounds. Diabetes can also lead to nerve damage or neuropathy that also has an impact on the healing of wounds. However, it is possible to improve the wound healing process if diabetic people pay a little attention to their lifestyle and make necessary changes to aid in the better healing process and overall health. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod This error message is only visible to WordPress admins Error: No connected account.
, , , A group of young animals had a moose, Who loved to include a jolly brown bear. The two loved to munch on sweets and some mousse But not their friend, the gentle and calm deer. The three young best friends held each other dear, And they came together open and bare. Thoughts and feelings between the three were bare And, for leader, they always chose the moose. Activities together, always dear. When they got cold, they got hugs from the bear. Afternoons running, they would chase the deer, Their favorite dessert to share was mousse. The three animals wanted to make mousse, After they finished, they left the top bare. It was too sweet for the tongue of the deer, The rest of the share was eaten by moose. Though, sometimes, a piece was offered to bear, Whatever they did together was dear. Never was a group so peaceful and dear As when the three animals shared a mousse. The messiest eater was always bear And they accepted him, jolly and bare. Nobody had big antlers like the moose, Hopefully desiring was the deer. They all grew, and the smallest was the deer, Their companionship always held dear. Following the lead of their strong head, moose, Ending each enjoyment with favored mousse. Spirit always kept as jolly and bare With great big hugs from their beloved bear. Loving warmth was felt from deer, moose and bear; A calming peace it was to dance with deer. Amazing that their feelings remained bare, Making their friendship tremendously dear. They always enjoyed and shared bites of mousse, Nothing could feel sweeter to the head moose. A jolly bear filled with hugs was held dear. Whether or not eaten by deer, there’s mousse! Led by moose, thoughts and feelings remained bare.
Life Tasks Test The Life Task Tests is designed as a practical tool to measure how rescue workers, for example police personnel, cope with life tasks. Why a test to measury life tasks effectiveness? In both preventive and curative mental health support, it is important to enhance the effectiveness in life tasks, because it works as a buffer for the adversity of rescue work. Moreover, it gives rescue workers mastery of their personal life, makes self-management stronger, as well as it gives feelings of confidence and positive energy. How is the test constructed? The items are close to everyday clinical practice. It adds valuable information to the commonly used questionnaires on mental health complaints. The test may also provide insight on which life tasks domains are functioning well and which are in need of attention to improve the effectiveness. Test scales measured are the following: Social Life Several studies show that a supportive environment can act as a protective buffer. Social support by friends moderates negative effects in life (Bandura, 2001) and it is believed to be positively associated with satisfaction, productivity and negatively with burnout (Baruch-Feldman et al. 2002). Stetz et al. (2006) showed the importance of social support in units of military police, where it was believed that social support moderates the effect of strain in a relationship. Supervisor support in particular is related to satisfaction and productivity but not to burnout, whereas family support is related to job stress (i.e., burnout) and less with productivity (Evans et al. 2013). Yasien et al. (2016), Chae and Boyle (2013) show the importance of sense of community and bonding to others which lowers psychological distress. Maintaining Mental Health Self-efficacy appears to play a critical role in the recovery of post-traumatic stress) and in the impact of loss of resources (Benight, 2002; Bandura, 2001). Cicognani et al. (2009) studied emergency workers and found that a sense of community is positively related to efficacy beliefs and active coping strategies. Heinrichs et al. (2005) conclude that firemen develop more PTSD and feelings of hostility, if they score low on self-efficacy. Self-efficacy buffers the impact of perceived stressful encounters on professional quality of life (Prati, 2010; Regehr et al. 2003; Robyn et al. 2011). Shepherd and Wild (2014) found in ambulance workers that enhanced coping was associated with making more positive appraisals and greater levels of objectivity during these call-outs. Also, Sonnentag and Grant (2012) show that perceived competence and reflection foster positive work reflection after-work hours. Household and Finance The practical organization of household chores and finance is an important life task that can easily come under pressure due to long hours and irregular shifts. Elbogen et al. (2012) found the following protective factors among a group of veterans: paid employment, self-care and stable financial situation. Moreover, respondents with mental health problems had more financial and job problems than participants without those mental health problems. In a study of Bailey, Woodiel, Turner and Young (1998) on mental health care professionals, financial stress is responsible for 30% of the variance of personal and job happiness. Giving Meaning Research on the role of meaning in treatment is still in its early stages (Cheavens et al. 2006). The more important the role rescue workers play in a mission or assignment, the better they are able to cope with the stress (Schok et al., 2008). The professional role of being of meaning in life saving and well-being is an important protective factor (Abelsson, 2018). Allen et al. (2011) found a higher resilience predicts less distrust in others and the world and more personal growth. Giving meaning in response to adverse and stressful events acts as a protective buffer and facilitates recovery. Maintaining Positivity Sonnentag and Grant (2012) found that positive work reflection was associated with a higher perceived competence and predicted a positive affect at home. The ability to mentally detach from work is also associated with improved affective states at home (Oginska-Bullik & Zadwarna-Cieslak, 2018). Additionally, engaging in positive activities buffers against negative feelings and beliefs about self-efficacy (Caprara & Steca, 2005). Helping others is an experience of success that can boost feelings of competence (Grant & Campbell, 2007; Penner et al., 2005). Maintaining positivity is an aspect of resilient people, they experience a mix of negative and positive emotions, without letting negative emotions overwhelm them (Fredrickson, 2009, Calhoun & Tedeschi 2006). In a study under rescue workers (Yasien et. al, 2016) especially show that religion, sense of community and sense of importance helping others is related to less psychological distress. The ability to stay positive in work seems like an important dimension in the life tasks of rescue workers What to do with the test results? A test specific training is available from us. This training will help you to understand the scale scores and the possible interventions for your candidate. We strongly recommend you take this training. You can find more information about the digital use of the life tasks test here and in the International Journal of Emergency Services.
Glossary terms chapter 12 The flashcards below were created by user MaximFrumkin on FreezingBlue Flashcards. 1. Direct current (DC) 2. Alternating current Current in which electrons move back and forth in a circuit 3. Transformer An electrical device that changes the size of the potential difference of alternating currentImage Upload 1 4. Circuit breaker • A safety device that is placed in series with other circuits, which lead to appliances and outlets • limits the amount of current to a set valueImage Upload 2 5. Fuse • Found in older buildings and appliances • limits the amount of current to a set value • need to be replaced each timeImage Upload 3 6. Electrical power The rate at which an appliance uses electrical energy 7. Watt (W) • A unit of electrical power • Joule/second 8. Kilowatt (kW) • A practical unit of electrical power • 1 kW = 1000 W 9. Electrical energy • the energy that is used by an appliance at a given setting • power rating of appliance × length of time it is used 10. Kilowatt-hour (kW•h) the practical unit of electrical energy 11. EnerGuide label 12. Smart meter a meter that records the total electrical energy used hour by hour and sends this information to the utility company automaticallyImage Upload 4 13. time of use pricing a system of pricing in which the cost of each kW•h of energy used is different at different times of the day 14. Phantom load • The electricity that is consumed by an appliance or device when it is turned off • appliances with clocks have a phantom load 15. Efficiency • The ratio of useful energy output to total energy input as a percentage • =useful energy output/total energy input × 100% 16. Base load • The continuous minimum demand for electrical power • met with Nuclear and hydroelectric generated energy 17. Hydroelectric power generation The generation of electrical power using a source of moving waterImage Upload 5 18. Intermediate Load 19. Peak load The greatest demand for electricity, which is met by burning natural gas and using hydroelectric power 20. Renewable energy source A source of energy that can be generated in a relatively short period of time 21. Non-renewable energy source A source of energy that cannot be replaced as quickly as it is used 22. Solar energy Energy that is directly converted from the sun into electricity 23. Photovoltaic effect 24. Biomass energy Energy that is generated from plant and animal matter Card Set Glossary terms chapter 12 SCIENCE glossary terms Show Answers
Do Clothes Shrink If Not Worn? Can a washing machine cause pilling? Pilling is particularly common with polyester and poly-cotton fabrics. It is a sign of wear. If you think it is the machine doing it, turn the clothing inside out to wash it. That is also useful if there is too much lint in the wash.. How do you Unshrink clothes with conditioner? Here is how to unshrink clothing:Fill up a bucket/bowl of lukewarm water. Make sure it’s not too hot.Add in 1 tbls of soft hair conditioner. … Soak the piece of clothing for 30 minutes and gently stretch the piece of clothing back to its original shape. Will drying on high heat shrink clothes? Different materials react in different ways to heat, but most fabric textiles shrink when exposed to high temperatures. As the dryer tosses around a load of clothes in a hot, enclosed area, it forces the fibers to gradually constrict; thus, resulting in shrunken garments. Do all clothes shrink? In a way, yes. Though every type of fabric behaves differently, heat will shrink most, if not all, fabric types. For example, both cotton shirts and denim jeans will shrink more in a warm or hot wash, followed by a high heat drying cycle. Can clothes shrink in the dryer if they’re not wet? It’s still possible that your clothing will shrink, even if they are completely dry when you put them in the dryer. … So, the only true way to prevent any shrinkage at all, is to avoid placing your clothing in the dryer altogether, and to choose to air dry it after you have washed them in the washing machine. How do you Unshrink clothes? How to Unshrink Clothes in 6 StepsUse lukewarm water and gentle shampoo or soap. Fill a sink or tub with lukewarm water and add a capful of baby shampoo or hair conditioner. … Soak for up to 30 minutes. … Gently remove water from the clothing. … Lay the clothing on a flat towel. … Lay the clothing on another dry flat towel. … Let the clothing air dry. How much will a 100% cotton shirt shrink? Given 100% cotton is not a blend, it is more likely to shrink that its blended counterparts assuming it’s not been pre-shrunk. As a guideline, you can still expect pre-shrunk 100% cotton to shrink by 2-5% or slightly more, so make sure to check the tag to see if the item you’re looking at has been pre-shrunk before. Does cotton only shrink once? Cotton usually only shrinks once and that is if it hasn’t been pre-washed. Pre-washing is essential if you want your cotton outfits to last you a long time. Sometimes clothing manufacturers pre-wash their apparel and sometimes they do not. Is it possible to Unshrink cotton clothes? Does ironing Unshrink clothes? After all, as Ottusch pointed out, a hot iron does not shrink clothes; in fact, the heat and pressure of the iron cause the garment to stretch out. Rather, she said, shrinkage is caused by the tumbling action as the garments hit the sides of the dryer. Shrinkage is also caused by the washing process itself. Can you shrink clothes by just drying them? Over time, most (if not all) of our clothes will shrink naturally. … If you lay your wet garment flat to dry after washing, no additional shrinkage will occur and the fibers in your clothing will de-swell and reform to their original size. However, if you machine dry the clothing, it can indeed shrink for good. Do clothes shrink over time? Most cotton garments will shrink during the first wash, and during subsequent washes to a lesser extent. … Pre-shrunk does not mean that your clothing will not shrink further, but the shrinkage will be less over the lifetime of the garment, and especially after the first washing. What clothing material does not shrink? Synthetics. Polyester, nylon, spandex, acrylic, and acetate won’t shrink and will resist water-based stains. Most produce static and may permanently wrinkle in a hot dryer, so dry on low. How do you dry cotton without shrinking? What happens if you dry clothes too long? Yes, if you don’t mind wrinkles, and if the garments are completely dry so they won’t mold. … But it can cause your laundry to become wrinkled. If you hate to iron, you might want to take care of your clothing as soon as the dryer goes off. Or you can cheat a little bit and turn the dryer back on for a few minutes.
1. Engineering 2. Mechanical Engineering 3. me 302engineering heat transfer steps for solving heat transfer problems... Question: me 302engineering heat transfer steps for solving heat transfer problems... Question details ME 302-ENGINEERING HEAT TRANSFER Steps for Solving Heat Transfer Problems I. Problem Statement/Solution: Briefly state what is known about the problem in your own words, give the key information and state what is required to be determined. This ensures that you understand the problem and what is to be solved 2. Diagram: Sketch the physical system and identify relevant heat transfer processes and mass transfer interactions. Also list the relevant given information. Look for possible properties, which remain constant during a process and identify them on the sketch. 3. List the assumptions and any approximations made to make it possible for the problem to be solved. Note that some of the assumptions may be given in the problem Properties: The properties necessary for the solution of the problem should be determined. Most of the unknown properties can be obtained from tables and charts in the Appendix at the back of the textbook. Analysis or Calculations: Begin to solve the problem by applying the relevant energy conservation, conduction, convection and radiation equations. By using the assumptions made, these equations can be reduced to simpler equations. Solve as far as possible before substituting numerical values. Retain the digits in the given data during the calculations and round up the results or answer to appropriate number of significant digits. 5. If required or necessary,discuss your results to include key reasoning. conclusions and scope or effects of your assumptions. 2-42 Consider the East wall of a house that has a thickness of L. The outer surface of the wall exchanges heat by both convection and radiation. The interior of the house is main- tained at Tat, while the ambient air temperature outside remains at T2. The sky, the ground, and the surfaces of the surrounding structures at this location can be modeled as a sur- face at an effective temperature of Tky for radiation exchange on the outer surface. The radiation exchange between the inner surface of the wall and the surfaces of the walls, floor, and ceil- ing it faces is negligible. The convection heat tra cients on the inner and outer surfaces of the wall are h and h, nsfer coeffi- - respectively. The thermal conductivity of the wall material is k and the emissivity of the outer surface is ε. Assuming the heat transfer through the wall to be steady and one-dimensional, express the mathematical formulation (the differential equa- tion and the boundary and initial conditions) of this heat con- duction problem. Do not solve. sky Wall di ter wa tra 0 FIGURE P2-42 Solution by an expert tutor Blurred Solution This question has been solved Subscribe to see this solution
Beta Geminorum, also known as Pollux, was the primary of the Beta Geminorum system, in the Alpha Quadrant. In 2257, during the first Federation-Klingon War, this star's system was occupied by the Klingons. (DIS: "The War Without, The War Within") In 2399, the location of Pollux was labeled in a star chart that was in Fleet Admiral Kirsten Clancy's office at Starfleet Headquarters. This star was in or near to Federation space. (PIC: "Maps and Legends") This star was only mentioned in writing. In The Explored Galaxy, Beta Geminorum and Pollux were depicted as two distinct stars, even though they were established to be synonymous in "Who Mourns for Adonais?". According to Star Trek: Star Charts (p. 62) and Stellar Cartography: The Starfleet Reference Library ("Federation Historical Highlights, 2161-2385"), Beta Geminorum was a K-class star. External links
Avebury The most important and oldest megalithic henge in Britain, predating the Druids with active use between 2600-1600 b.C.e. Avebury is said to be the largest henge in the world, covering 28.5 acres and including most of the village of Avebury, located six miles west of Marlborough in Wiltshire, southern England. The site may have served Neolithic Goddess worship and is con- sidered a center of Earth and psychic power by WiccaNS, PAGANS and others. The original purpose of the stones is shrouded in mystery. Site and layout. The henge is surrounded on three sides by the Marlborough chalk downs and consists of a 15- foot-high bank, 1,200 feet in diameter, encircling an out- er ditch. The bank is intersected by four roads, three of which, and possibly the fourth, are thought to have been causeways to provide access to and from the henge. From the air, Avebury looks like a Celtic, or circled, cross. Within the large outer circle stand the ruins of two and perhaps three smaller circles. The outer Great Stone Circle once contained about 100 upright sarsen stones which are hard, sandstone rocks found in the downs. Only 27 remain, due to massive destruction by the Puritans in the 17th and 18th centuries. The largest of these weigh about 60 tons and stand around 25 feet tall. The circle to the north is known as the Central Circle and was composed of about 30 stones, four of which still stand. In the center were three stones forming a ring called a Cove or Devil's Den; only two of the stones sur- vive. The Cove may have been used for funeral rites for bodies that were buried elsewhere. Standing alone between the main circle and the South Circle at the other end is a stone with a natural hole. It is now referred to as Stukeley's Ring Stone for William Stukeley, the 18th-century antiquarian-archaeologist whose investigations provided much of what is known about the site before modern developments. The South Circle has two large stones still upright at its entrance. Originally there were about 32 stones, five of which remain, and there are markings where others once stood. Some theorists believe that this inner circle was the site of fertility ceremonies during which human bones were used. A large stone, called the Obelisk, stands in the center with smaller stones, called Z stones, surrounding it. The Obelisk may have been the site for an ancestor cult, for human bones were found at its base. At this end are also some tall standing stones and smaller stones in triangle or diamond shapes, perhaps depicting the male and fe- male forms. A double row of stones forms West Kennet Avenue and leads toward the Kennet valley from the South Cir- cle. Originally, the avenue comprised about 200 standing stones set in pairs and was the link between the Great Stone Circle and another small circle known as the Sanctuary, one mile away on Overton Hill. One researcher, Alexander Keiller, excavated the site in 1934 and found burials at the bases of four of the large stones. Keiller also learned that the avenue was crossed by early Iron Age and Roman field boundaries. The Sanctuary might have been built on the site where wooden rings stood and where corpses were stored until the flesh decayed. The dead may have been carried along the avenue to this circle. The Sanctuary also was part of Stukeley's theory that the Druids were serpent worshipers and Avebury, like Stonehenge, was a serpent temple of 'Dracontia.' The Sanctuary was the head of a snake, the West Kennet Avenue stone paths formed the neck, and the sarsen circles were the coils of the body. At the western entrance of the henge once stood Beck- hampton Avenue. It was destroyed by the Puritans and now only two stones, known as Adam and Eve or the Long- stones, stand. No one knows where the avenue ended, but it is thought to have extended a mile and a half. Stukeley claims that it stretched from the two stones to the sarsen circles. Sir Norman Lockyer, a 20th-century astronomer, asserted that the Beckhampton Avenue and Cove features were orientated to the May sunrise and May ceremonials, and the West Kennet Avenue was once used to observe the morning rise of Alpha Centauri in November. Silbury Hill is built on a natural chalk ridge covering about five acres and rising 130 feet in height. It is the larg- est man-made mound in Europe, and while its purpose and relationship to Avebury have not been determined, the carbon date for its first phase of use is c. 2600 b.C.e. and suggests it was built about the time of the first con- struction stages of Avebury. However, West Kennet Long Barrow, a mound about 350 feet long with a long passage and five burial chambers, was built c. 2700 b.C.e. Windmill Hill, 1.5 miles northwest of Avebury, has an earthwork on the top that was built around 2500 b.C.e. Animal bones uncovered here suggest it may have been a cattle market, trading post and ritual site. The antiquarian John Aubrey visited Avebury in 1648 and observed that the stones were either standing in their original places or had fallen nearby. Shortly after, the Puritans began destroying sarsens by breaking them with hammers or by burning them. In 1649, stones were removed to clear the land for farming. Local inhabitants used them in their own buildings; fragments can still be seen in the village manor house, church and homes. Aubrey's notes provide modern investigators with their only clues for defining the stones' original positions. Purpose and uses of the stones. Excavations at Avebury and monuments in the surrounding area have failed to Awen 1 5 determine a definite origin, purpose or interrelationship among the stones. According to various theories, the en- tire site may have comprised a single religious, magical or psychic center, or one specific set of stones may have served as sites for fertility, religious or burial rites or for astronomical purposes. The most widely accepted theory holds that Avebury was built by prehistoric Beaker folk, so named for their beaker pottery, over a period of five centuries. Beaker pottery has been found in the area, and timber buildings were uncovered at the site, suggesting that Avebury might have once been a settlement of huts. The name Avebury, however, implies that at some time in its history, it was a burial site and was referred to as such in the 10th-century charter of King Athelstan. One scenario holds that Avebury was built for seasonal festivals, and the stones were arranged for processionals. Some observers see male and female aspects to the pillars and diamond shapes of the stones. Silbury Hill may be an image of the pregnant Goddess, another fertility sym- bol. Still another symbol is the Devil's Chair, a huge stone that measures 14 feet wide by 13 feet high and contains a ledge. In folk tradition, Avebury village girls would sit on Devil's Chair on Beltane (May Eve) to make wishes. The stones of Avebury are widely believed to be the collectors and repositories of Earth and psychic energy, which supposedly was known to the original users of the site and which can be dowsed. The area around Avebury has been popular with the makers of crop circles. See also MEGALITHS. Further Reading: • Burl, Aubrey. Rites of the Gods. London: J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1981. . • Rings of Stone. New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1979. • Hadingham, Evan. Circles and Standing Stones. New York: Anchor Books, 1976. Magical Places Back to Magical Places Back to Magick Magical Places
U.S. flag An official website of the United States government Main content area Dynamic changes in volatile emissions of breeding burying beetles Haberer, Wolf, Steiger, Sandra, Müller, Josef K. Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 153-164 Nematoda, Nicrophorus vespilloides, alcohols, aldehydes, arthropods, bacteria, breeding, brood rearing, emissions, esters, females, fungi, gas chromatography, headspace analysis, ketones, males, mass spectrometry, molecular weight, parasites, phenolic compounds, surveys, terpenoids, vertebrates, volatile compounds Burying beetles reproduce on small vertebrate carcasses by exhibiting elaborate biparental brood care. Partner recognition in breeding Nicrophorus species (Coleoptera: Silphidae) relies substantially on information encoded in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Until recently, it was unknown whether breeding burying beetles also produce volatile low molecular weight substances and, if so, which functions can be attributed to such volatiles. The present study reports a survey of the volatiles released by males and females of Nicrophorus vespilloides Herbst in nonbreeding status and at different stages of breeding. Headspace analyses are performed by using solid phase micro‐extraction fibres and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The volatiles released by nonbreeding males and females include phenolic compounds, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones and are quite similar in both sexes. With the onset of breeding, the volatile profiles of males and females become distinct, with a number of female‐specific compounds occurring. An analysis of the anal secretions reveals the presence of some of the compounds previously detected in the headspace analysis. The specific chemical properties suggest that some of the volatiles may function against competitors and parasites, such as bacteria, fungi, nematodes and arthropods at the carcass breeding resource. By contrast, the emission of 4‐methyl branched esters by the females closely parallels the emission of the terpenoid methyl geranate and they may function together as a complex signal by the females. Signalling traits associated with biparental care and specific constraints associated with the ephemeral nature of the breeding resource may explain the occurrence of both groups of compounds in the volatile profiles.
Why Do Samurai Have 2 Swords? Did Samurai dual wield swords? All samurai carried two swords, the katana or longsword, and the wakizashi, shortsword. So to answer your question, some did, while most only used the katana. Its dependent on the style of fighting the samurai practiced.. Did Chinese have samurai? 8 Answers. In China, there were warriors similar to ronin – the xia. … Korean Hwarang are approximation of Samurai from the other side – they were upper class young men probably serving as warriors, but it’s not their defining feature. Can a samurai sword kill a bear? When the bear is growling the swordsman would stab the sword through its gut allowing blood loss which would eventually kill the bear. … But it is very unlikely for the bear to kill an armoured man. What does a samurai sword symbolize? Japanese Sword A Samurai’s sword represented his soul. The sword was the symbol of the Samurai class and a Samurai carried two of them, the long katana and the short wakisazhi, passed down from one generation to the next. What is the deadliest sword in history? Did Samurai smoke? During a smoking session, the smoker would put a ball of stringy kizami tobacco in the bowl, light it at the charcoal fire, then dump the ash into the ash container. During the Edo period weapons were frequently used as objects to flaunt one’s financial status. Did Samurai use guns? Tanegashima were used by the samurai class and their ashigaru “foot soldiers”, and within a few years the introduction of the tanegashima in battle changed the way war was fought in Japan forever. Is dual wielding effective in real life? Dual wielding can be useful, but with the caveat are most effective against an UNARMORED opponent. If they are armored, it would be far more advantageous to bring both hands to the one weapon for power striking. Why is dual wield impractical? All in all dual wielding is impractical because fundamentally the things it struggled to cope with where really useful and so really common. When environments without these things where created or appeared suddenly people did dual wield. What are the three swords a samurai carries? Do samurai still exist? Although samurai no longer exist, the influence of these great warriors still manifests itself deeply in Japanese culture and samurai heritage can be seen all over Japan – be it a great castle, a carefully planned garden, or beautifully preserved samurai residences. Can samurai sword cut person half? A katana can chop a regular sword in half. Fact: Any steel sword can break if it’s struck at the wrong angle. Chopping one in half, however, is highly unlikely. In battle, Japanese swordsmen would use the edge of the blade to block their enemy’s attacks. Why is dual wield called Akimbo? From the Wikipedia article on Dual-Wielding: … Technically, it is inaccurate, since the word literally refers to a stance where a person stands with their elbows bent and their hands on their hips (arms akimbo)- not a posture well suited to shooting. Who is the most famous samurai sword maker? Masamune (正宗), also known as Gorō Nyūdō Masamune (五郎入道正宗, Priest Gorō Masamune, c. 1264–1343), is widely recognized as Japan’s greatest swordsmith. He created swords and daggers, known in Japanese as tachi and tantō respectively, in the Soshu tradition. No exact dates are known for Masamune’s life. How many swords did samurai carry? two swordsSamurai swords were slightly curved, and blades varied in length, but it became common for elite samurai to carry two swords – a long and a short one. This pair became known as the daisho (‘great and small’) from the 1580s CE and were usually made to match in terms of colour and decoration.
192 Lodge Ave, Dagenham RM8 2HG Best Car Recovery in London One of the easiest ways to get stranded on the roadside is driving on underinflated tyres because they can lead to blowouts. Tyre pressure loss is one of the most rampant problems that occur during seasons with drops in temperatures, thereby leading to unexpected tyre deflation. Keep reading to find out why tyre pressure loss is risky and what you need to do to prevent it. One of the commonest ways through which car tyres lose pressure is puncture. Tyres can sustain different types of puncture. Slow leak punctures gradually drain off the air in the tyre while severe punctures usually lead to blowouts immediately. Nails, glass, pins, and other sharp objects usually cause slow leak punctures. When these objects are embedded in your car tyre, they gradually drain the tyre of air. Although this form of puncture is small, it can drastically affect the tyre pressure by making it drop by about 3 PSI every day. Valve Issues Tyre valves keep the air in the tyre and enable you to refill the tyres with air pump. The valves must be airtight when closed so that no air will leave. Airtight valves help to maintain the pressure of tyres. Faulty tyre valves can give room for air to escape slowly; thereby decreasing the pressure of air in the tyre gradually. When the valve stem core is over-tightened, air loss can also occur. It is, therefore, important not to over=tighten the valve stem core when you’re replacing it. Bad Tyre Bead The tyre bead is in contact with the wheel. Bad tyre bead can be a cause of loss in air pressure in tyres. When a small piece of debris gets between the wheel rim and tyre, it can create space for air to escape from the tyre. This gradually deflates the tyre. Old tyres can also have damaged tyre bead that leaks air. This is why it is important to check that tyres are in good condition before you buy them. Changes in Temperature A change in temperature of the outside air is a very common reason for loss of pressure in tyres. It is the reason why tyres lose pressure when there is no leak. The nature of air makes temperature to have a great impact on tyre pressure. The air pressure in tyres contracts when temperature falls, and expands when it rises. Car tyres can lose about 2% of the pressure of air in them for every drop in temperature of about 5.5OC. An increase in temperature of 5.5OC can also increase the pressure of air in tyres by about 2%. You may be confused when you check your tyres in the morning and you discover they are deflated, but on getting to the air pump, you discover that the pressure in the tyres has gone back to normal. You shouldn’t add more air to tyres that lose pressure as a result of changes in temperature provided the tyre, rim, or vale is not damaged. How Can You Avoid Loss of Pressure in Tyres? Ensure you check the tyre pressure on a regular basis. Don’t wait until the dashboard light comes on. If the tyre pressure signal catches you in the middle of nowhere on the highway and you don’t have any tool to inflate your tyre, then you’re in trouble. To prevent this from happening, check the air pressure in your tyres by making use of a tyre gauge and inflate them to the right index. The ideal specification for your car can be found in your car’s owner manual. If your tyre gets deflated on a lonely highway or you have a blowout and you don’t know how to replace your tyre, call White Recovery and we will help you get back on the road as quickly as possible. Our vehicle recovery experts will be with you within a short period of time. Leave a Reply
MN-1502 Finance Flashcards Preview University Year 1 > MN-1502 Finance > Flashcards Flashcards in MN-1502 Finance Deck (200) Loading flashcards... What are the 4 forces behind the expansion of the financial system? - Globalisation - Technology - Deregulation - Financial Innovation Give 3 positives on financial markets of globalisation - Borrowers are no longer limited to their national markets - Agents have more opportunities to invest - Financial institutions can have global presence Give 4 negatives on financial markets of globalisation - Problems with detecting wrongdoing - Increased spillover between markets - Stock and bond markets have increasing synchronisation - Lack of local market knowledge Why is stock and bond markets have increasing synchronisation an issue? Investors can't diversify their portfolio Give 3 advantages on financial markets of improved technology - Increased speed of trades - Reduced costs of financial firms - Created a broader range of trades Give 4 disadvantages on financial markets of improved technology - Security and reliability weakened - Large capital investment - Backward compatibility - Altered balance between fixed and variable costs Give 4 UK policies introduced in the 1980s to encourage more agents into the financial system - Tax breaks for savers - Shifted tax on income to expenditure - Privatisation - Kept financial products untaxed and increased indirect taxes Give an advantage of financial innovation More customers in the market because of increased investment opportunities Give a negative of financial innovation Often created in order to take advantage of tax loopholes Give the 5 types of Financial Innovation - Market-Broadening Innovation - Risk Management Innovation - Arbitraging Innovation - Pricing Innovation - Marketing Innovation Explain risk management innovation as a type of financial innovation People aim to shift the risk on them to others Explain arbitraging innovation People taking advantage of tax loopholes Explain what is meant by marketing innovation New methods and techniques to buy/sell new products Define 'Financial System' A channel of funds from entities with surplus funds to those with a shortage Give the 3 main roles of the Financial System - Transfer of funds from surplus units to deficit units - Provide a mechanism for the transfer of financial risk - Introduce a concept of money into the economy Define Money Anything that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services or for the repayment of debt Give the 3 roles of Money (same as from economics) - Medium of Exchange - Store of Value - Unit of Account Explain what is meant by money being a 'Store of Value' It is a way of transferring purchasing power from present to the future Explain what is meant by money being a 'Unit of Account' It provides the terms in which prices are quoted and debt recorded What are the 4 ordered elements of the finance cycle? Savers -> (financial markets) -> Borrowers Borrowers -> (financial intermediaries) -> Savers Define 'Financial Intermediary' Economics agents who specialise in buying/selling financial contracts Define 'Financial Markets' Markets where funds are moved from those with an excess to those with a deficit Give the 2 basic principles of any financial transactions - Time has value - Information is the basis for decision making Why are financial transactions often weighted one way? Because of asymmetry of information Which of the following is not a benefit of globalisation on financial services? a) Borrowers can raise funds on both domestic and foreign financial markets. b) Loss of local knowledge. c) Financial institutions seek to have global presence both as a means of expansion and to retain their existing customers. Investing in tax-exempt securities is an example of: a) market-broadening innovation b) risk-management innovation c) arbitraging innovation d) pricing innovation e) marketing innovation A deficit unit is one for whom ______ exceeds _______ . a) saving; income b) expenditure; saving c) expenditure; income d) income; expenditure A surplus unit is one for whom income exceeds expenditure. a) True b) False Which of the following are functions of a financial system? 1. The operation of a payments system. 2. Providing the mechanism for transfer of financial risk. 3. Helping to reduce unemployment. 4. Channeling funds between lenders and borrowers. 5. Helping speculators to bet on price movements. 1, 2, 4 Define 'Direct Finance' The transfer of funds from surplus markets to deficit markets through financial markets
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: Jans, Jenny Johansson, Per Nilsson, Peter Year of Publication: Series/Report no.: IZA Discussion Papers No. 7929 On normal days, the temperature decreases with altitude, allowing air pollutants to rise and disperse. During inversion episodes, a warmer air layer at higher altitude traps pollutants close to the ground. We show how readily available NASA satellite data on vertical temperature profiles can be used to measure inversion episodes on a global scale with high spatial and temporal resolution. Then, we link inversion episode data to ground level pollution monitors and to daily in- and outpatient records for the universe of children in Sweden during a six-year period to provide instrumental variable estimates of the effects of air quality on children's health. The IV estimates show that the respiratory illness health care visit rate increases by 8 percent for each 10 μm/m³ increase in PM10; an estimate four times higher than conventional estimates. Importantly, by linking the health care data to detailed records of parental background characteristics, we show that children from low-income households suffer significantly more from air pollution than children from high income households. Finally, we provide evidence on the importance of several mechanisms that could contribute to the difference in the impact of air pollution across children in rich and poor households. instrumental variable environmental policy air pollution nonparametric regression socio-economic gradient in health Document Type: Working Paper Files in This Item: 912.23 kB
Act III, Scene 5: Summary and Analysis Download PDF Print Page Citation Share Link Last Updated on January 7, 2021, by eNotes Editorial. Word Count: 1194 Act III, Scene 5 The next morning, Romeo and Juliet are awake in her room. As dawn approaches, Romeo must prepare to leave for Mantua, but Juliet begs him to stay, playfully suggesting that the bird they hear chirping is a nightingale rather than a lark (nightingales sing at night, while larks sing in the morning). Reluctant to leave, Romeo tells her that he will stay if she wants, but Juliet immediately changes tack, telling him that it is getting lighter outside and that he must leave. The Nurse enters and warns Juliet that her mother is approaching the bedroom. Romeo and Juliet share one last kiss before he sneaks out the window. Looking down from her window, Juliet remarks that Romeo appears pale, as if dead. Romeo says that Juliet looks pale as well but decides that it is only sorrow that makes them appear so. Illustration of PDF document Download Romeo and Juliet Study Guide Subscribe Now After Romeo leaves, Lady Capulet enters Juliet’s room. Juliet tells her mother that she feels unwell, and Lady Capulet wonders how Juliet can still be so upset over Tybalt’s death. Lady Capulet reasons that Juliet’s grief is probably due to the fact that Romeo, Tybalt’s murderer, walks free. Juliet tells her mother that she wishes no one could avenge Tybalt’s death but her. Interpreting this as an expression of Juliet’s desire to kill Romeo, Lady Capulet tells Juliet that she plans to send a man to Mantua to poison Romeo. Juliet requests that she be allowed to mix the poison herself if her mother wishes to carry out this plan. Lady Capulet then changes the subject, informing Juliet that her father has arranged for her to marry Paris on Thursday morning. Shocked, Juliet claims that she cannot marry Paris, telling her mother that she does not know Paris well enough to be his bride. Lord Capulet and the Nurse then enter the room. Lord Capulet asks whether his wife has told Juliet their decision, and Lady Capulet explains that Juliet will not agree to the marriage. Juliet’s defiance enrages Lord Capulet, who threatens to drag her to the church himself. Juliet attempts to persuade her father to simply delay the wedding, but Lord Capulet will not hear of it. He declares that if Juliet refuses to marry Paris, he will disown her and not care whether she lives or dies. Juliet begs her mother to intercede, but Lady Capulet refuses to help her. When she is alone with the Nurse after her parents have left, Juliet says that she cannot marry another man while her husband lives. The Nurse advises Juliet to marry Paris—who she now claims is a better man than Romeo—and tells Juliet that Romeo cannot come back for her anyways. Juliet does not argue with the Nurse, but asks her to inform Lady Capulet that she has gone to Friar Laurence to confess. After the Nurse leaves, Juliet verbally abuses her for giving out such wicked advice, vowing never to confide in the Nurse again. As she leaves to go seek help from the Friar, Juliet reasons that she can always take her own life if all else fails. As Romeo leaves Juliet the morning after they consummate their marriage, she says farewell to him from above, echoing the balcony scene from act II. Now, however, the youthful optimism and excitement of the lovers is tempered by their increasingly perilous situation. Gazing down on her beloved, Juliet remarks that he looks as pale as death—“Methinks I see thee now, thou art so low / As one dead in the bottom of a tomb”—and Romeo remarks that she looks the same. The somber tone of this final goodbye (this is the last moment that Romeo and Juliet will see each other alive) sharply contrasts with the playful and romantic farewell they exchanged the night they first met, reflecting the play’s transition from romance to tragedy. Romeo and Juliet say goodbye, and the audience senses fate closing in as, unbeknownst to the young lovers, their pale appearances foreshadow their impending demise. Lady Capulet and Juliet’s conversation illustrates the extent to which Juliet has rapidly matured since the beginning of the play. Juliet verbally toys with her mother, seeming to condemn Romeo while secretly expressing how much she cares about him. For example, Juliet tells her mother that if a man is sent to poison Romeo, then she wants to be the one who mixes the poison. When her mother broaches the subject of Juliet’s marriage to Paris, Juliet responds that she would rather marry Romeo than Paris. To Lady Capulet, this sounds like a declaration of how much Juliet does not want to marry Paris—she would rather marry Romeo, her worst enemy—but the audience understands that Juliet is actually expressing her literal preference for Romeo. Juliet’s outright refusal to marry Paris, a direct contrast to her obedient promise to consider him in act I, demonstrates a great degree of bravery. Lord Capulet’s conversation with Paris in act III, scene 4 indicates that despite his earlier claim that Juliet’s wishes were of the utmost importance, her interest in the match was always inconsequential: “I think she will be ruled / In all respects by me. Nay, more, I doubt it not.” In the following scene, Lord Capulet’s utter rage when he learns of Juliet’s reluctance to marry Paris confirms that he never intended to allow Juliet to make her own decisions about her marriage. After Juliet’s father threatens to throw her out if she refuses to marry Paris, readers may wonder why Juliet does not simply leave and join Romeo in Mantua. Juliet’s position here is complicated by her age, gender, and social position. Juliet is only thirteen years old, and having been raised as a sheltered noblewoman, she has no practical way of getting to Mantua, especially without help. It is also important to remember that Juliet is the only daughter of a powerful noble family whose feud with the Montagues is at its height. If Juliet did somehow find a way to escape to be with Romeo, it is extremely unlikely that her family would accept the match in the wake of Tybalt’s death—remember that Juliet’s own mother is already thinking of ways to secretly have Romeo killed, even in exile. As an inexperienced, young woman under the control of her father, Juliet is in an extremely difficult position. Her predicament is only made worse when the Nurse betrays her by suggesting that Juliet pretend the marriage to Romeo never happened and marry Paris instead. Separated from her husband and unable to confide in her closest friend, Juliet is left with little support and even fewer practical options—circumstances which help explain why she contemplates suicide in the first place. That she considers suicide as a viable solution to her problems highlights how little control Juliet, as a young woman, has over the course of her own life. Unable to shape her future, Juliet reasons that her only remaining power might be in her ability to decide whether she lives or dies. Unlock This Study Guide Now • 30,000+ book summaries • 20% study tools discount • Ad-free content • PDF downloads • 300,000+ answers • 5-star customer support Start your 48-hour free trial Act III, Scenes 3–4: Summary and Analysis Act IV, Scenes 1–3: Summary and Analysis Explore Study Guides
Driver Alert Systems Drowsiness detection: Waking up fatigued driver A drowsy driver who could benefit from a driver alert system yawns in his car. valentinrussanov / Getty Images Driver alert systems offer a way to reduce the likelihood that a drowsy or fatigued driver will cause an accident due to sluggish reactions or dozing off. These systems are designed to detect the telltale signs of a drowsy or impaired driver, and then provide an alert or take some type of corrective action. Each system uses different methods of detection and correction, but they all share that same general purpose. The Trouble With Drowsy and Impaired Drivers Research has found that fatigued and drowsy drivers suffer from slower reaction times and that a large number of both fatal and non-fatal crashes take place during the nighttime and early morning hours when drivers are less alert. With these two pieces of information, it's reasonable to assume that a general increase in driver alertness could potentially save lives. While an NHTSA study concluded that adequate sleep and proper education on the dangers of drowsy driving are the best solutions to the problem, the reality is that drowsy and impaired drivers get behind the wheel every day. For those drivers, an effective driver alert system can easily be the difference between an uneventful drive and a catastrophic accident. How Do Driver Alert Systems Work? Driver alert systems are closely related to lane departure warning systems, in that most of them function by keeping visual track of lane markings to identify any deviations from the lane. While lane departure warning systems are designed to prevent deviation under any and all circumstances, driver alert systems are specifically aimed at identifying signs of driver fatigue. Rather than triggering only when a vehicle is in danger of straying from its lane, these systems look for the sort of erratic movement typically associated with an impaired driver. Other systems take it a step further by monitoring the driver’s eyes and face for signs of drowsiness. If the system determines that the driver is having trouble staying awake, it may take corrective action. The simplest driver alert systems are typically mounted to the driver's head, like an earpiece, and use a simple motion or tilt sensor. If the driver's head nods, the device will usually sound an alarm. Specific Driver Alert System Implementations Each OEM that offers a driver alert system has its own take on this technology, but the most common configuration uses a front-facing video camera that is mounted so that it can track both the left and right-hand lane markings. Some of these systems can also function if only one lane marking is visible. By tracking the lane markings, or examining other inputs, the driver alert system can detect signs of fatigued driving. Some driver alert systems use complex algorithms to differentiate between intentional movements and the sort of drifting and jerky steering typically associated with a fatigued driver. Other systems have sensitivity controls that the driver can adjust, and most can be switched off manually. In addition to monitoring the way that a car is being driven, some driver alert systems can also monitor the driver by looking for signs of drooping eyelids, slackened facial muscles, or other telltale signs of drowsiness. These features aren’t as widely available, though a number of OEMs are working with advanced facial recognition technology for future implementations of their driver alert systems. When a driver's alert system detects signs of driver fatigue or drowsiness, a number of things can happen. Some of these systems provide a multi-tiered method, which increases in severity as time passes. These systems will typically start off by sounding some type of buzzer or chime and illuminating a light on the dash. If the driver stops driving erratically at that point, the system will typically shut off the nag light and reset itself. However, if the signs of fatigued driving continue, the driver's alert system may sound a louder alarm that requires some sort of driver interaction to cancel. Some driver alert systems eventually progress to an alarm that can only be canceled by pulling the vehicle over and either opening the driver’s door or shutting the engine off. Who Offers Driver Alert Systems? Driver alert systems are offered by a number of OEMs, and others have plans to implement their own technologies, but not every automaker offers the feature in every territory. In many cases, driver alert systems are rolled into packages that also include various other crash avoidance technologies. Some of the OEMs That Offer Some Type of Driver Alert System Include: • Ford (Driver Alert) • Mercedes-Benz (Attention Assist) • Toyota (Driver Monitoring System) • Volkswagen (Fatigue Detection System) • Volvo (Driver Alert Control) Are There Any Aftermarket Driver Alert Systems While there are a lot of OEMs working on driver alert technologies, similar systems are available to the owners of older vehicles through the aftermarket. Some aftermarket driver alert systems include: • Anti Sleep Pilot • Takata SafeTrak There are also simpler aftermarket solutions, like the Nap Zapper, that a driver can wear on his head. These devices detect specific movements, such as when a drowsy driver’s head nods, and respond by sounding a loud alarm. While devices like these are decidedly low tech in comparison to real driver alert systems, and efficacy will vary from one driver to another, they are also significantly less expensive. Was this page helpful?
The History Blog Site” Blog Site Archive” Rare Viking chamber tomb discovered in main Norway Archaeologists have actually uncovered an extremely rare chamber grave of a lady from the Viking duration at Hestnes, main Norway. The excavation had actually returned proof of settlement– post holes, cooking pits– however there was no sign of any tombs at the website till the group encountered proof of a rectangle-shaped structure in the earth. A dark, oily layer of soil showed they ‘d discover a tomb, and excavation exposed the rectangular shape about 5.5 feet long and 3 feet large was what stays of a wood burial chamber dating from the mid-9th century to the mid-10th century A.D. ” This chamber tomb is unique, due to the fact that barely any examples of tombs of this type have actually been discovered in our part of the nation,” states archaeologist and job supervisor Raymond Sauvage. Sauvage describes that the chamber was integrated in a hole in the ground. After the departed lady was laid in it, a cover was put on top. The tomb is dated to 850– 950 CE, and extremely little was left of the chamber itself after more than 1000 years underground. ” We discovered imprints of the 4 posts that stood in each corner and a few of the walls. The building and construction method and size assisted validate that it’s a chamber tomb,” states Sauvage. Wood chamber tombs were stylish in city centers throughout this duration. Hundreds have actually been found in cities like Birka and Hedeby, however they are rarely discovered beyond population centers. The burial is uncommon in its severe products also. The deceased was put to rest with great fashion jewelry, consisting of a trefoil brooch that attached her cape at her neck. These kinds of brooches are believed to produced in Hedeby which was Old Danish area at the time. They are uncommon in Norway, and when they have actually been found there, it’s typically in the southeast of the nation which was as soon as Danish. A lot more uncommon were the turtle brooches found in the tomb. The double-shelled brooches were generally utilized to pin up bathrobes, however these had an entire various function: they held the remains of bone and teeth inside the curved double shells. Archaeologists have actually likewise recuperated 339 small beads from the tomb. The green and purple beads are in between one and 2 millimeters large, so little the group needed to utilize mesh netting to sort the soil and capture the beads. The mini-beads are yet another exceptionally uncommon discover. Just a few have actually been uncovered in tombs in the past, absolutely nothing like this number in one location. The densest concentration of beads were over the deceased’s ideal shoulder. They might have belonged to a bead locket, or might have been utilized in an embroidered fabric. ” In archaeology, it prevails to believe that the artefacts in the tombs inform us something about the status and identity of the individual who was buried. This artefact product shows that the lady originated from the south-eastern part of Scandinavia, which she was buried according to her own cultural custom,” states Sauvage. We can just hypothesize how she wound up here, however Sauvage states she may have concerned Hestnes through a set up marital relationship. ” Taking a trip country miles and developing networks over big locations is common of the Viking Age. Alliances and relationships were the main social glue in Viking Age society. It was through them that you constructed your social status and acquired political power in a location. Marital relationship was a method to ally 2 households in this system,” he states. Scientists wish to respond to concerns about her origins by evaluating the bone and teeth discovered in the turtle brooches. Source link . Leave a Reply
Online College Courses for Credit epstein barr virus epstein barr virus Author: creative biolabs epstein barr virus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), officially known as human gamma herpesvirus 4, is a DNA virus classified on Herpesviridae family, Gamma herpesvirinae subfamily, Lymphocrytovirus genus. It is the first human virus directly related to lymphoid and epithelial tumorigenesis. Most people become infected with EBV during their lives. Primary infection usually leads to infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever), but the virus can also lurk in B lymphocytes and once reactivated, it will be associated with more serious diseases such as Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease. See More Fast, Free College Credit Developing Effective Teams Let's Ride 47 Sophia partners guarantee credit transfer.
Subscription Notification Please update your billing information Your subscription will end shortly Genetic targeting can revolutionise chronic disease treatment The idea of prescribing drugs according to patients’ genetic profiles is considered to be one of the next frontiers for medicine. It is an approach already used in cancer treatment, where several drugs have been developed that work only when tumours carry particular mutations. Herceptin, for example, can prolong the survival of breast-cancer patients when their tumours have mutations in a gene called Her-2, and Glivec is given to people with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) who have a particular chromosomal defect. DNA tests can also detect rare disorders caused by faulty genes, such as familial hypercholesterolaemia, which increases greatly the risk of early-onset heart disease. Carriers of the mutation can then be given preventive treatment. What has been missing from healthcare so far has been
• Tori Lynn Crowther Coronavirus and our dogs Updated: Mar 18, 2020 So far, there has only been one dog that had a weak positive for the coronavirus (Covid-19), and this is likely due to what it had eaten or the environment it was living in rather than the dog itself. Until further tests are carried out, there is no real evidence that animals can be carriers of or infected with the new virus. Remember, it is likely that the only reason dogs are at risk at all is that they live with us, humans are the transmitters! The world health organisation claims that there is no evidence that companion animals, such as cats or dogs can be infected with Coronavirus. Covid-19 primarily transmits through droplets of coughing, sneezing, saliva or discharge from the nose. We really know very little about the virus, so common sense and cleanliness really are your best friends. General hygiene should be followed as you were always taught. You should always wash your hands well after stroking or loving your dog anyway as dogs walk barefoot, wash their feet with their tongue, then wash their body, it is common sense! If you are self-isolating, or have been found to have the virus, ensure you wear a facemask when near your dog and wash your hand thoroughly before you touch them so you are not transferring the virus to their fur. If there are people who are not infected in the house, they should be caring for the dog and those self isolating should leave it alone to ensure the virus is not passed from one person to the other through the dogs fur. Ensure you wash your dog with their usual dog shampoo, but ensure the water is not too hot and do not let bleach, hand sanitiser, disinfectant, or suchlike come into contact with your dog, their fur, their feet or anything they inhale or swallow. Any leads, harnesses, collars, coats, beds, toys and bowls should be frequently washed as usual and disinfected with a dog friendly disinfectant. Wash all floors and surfaces with a dog friendly disinfectant. This should already be done on a regular basis, just do it more to be safe, your germs will get everywhere! What is coronavirus? Coronaviruses belongs to a family of viruses that cause disease in animals. The new strain is Covid-19, however the exact source of the strain is still being studied. It is not sure where it has come from and there is currently no known cure. Antibiotics do not work against Virsuses. This virus can cause pneumonia, coughing, fever and difficulty with breathing and, in extreme cases, death. Currently from the people who have died from Coronavirus on 1% have been under 50 years of age and only 1% had no reported health issues previously. Can my dog go outside if I am self-isolating? Dogs can go outside if you are self-isolation, however, it is recommended that you have another member of the family or a dog walker take them out on walks. I would advise the person who is walking your dog to bring their own lead so they do not have direct contact with something you may have coughed on. When they arrive, stay away from them, stay in another room just to be safe while you are self-isolating. If they do not have access to your house, get them a key, but ensure that you put it in boiling water for a few minutes if no disinfection to kill any virus that may be on it, then wash your hands thoroughly and leave it somewhere safe so they can collect it easily. If you have no one to walk your dog, ensure they get out for frequent toilet breaks. If you do not have a private garden, ensure you take them out very late and very early so that you do not come into contact with other people and entertain them indoors with games and catch up on their training. If you become really sick, it is advisable to have someone else care for you pets until you are recovered. Is it safe to let my dog walker take my dog out in groups? As mentioned above, if you are self-isolating, ensure you do not come into contact with your dog walker and ensure the key for your house is clean. If you can leave them some hand sanitiser and antibacterial spray for the lead, this would really help to keep the risk down of your dog walker contacting the virus from you. Dogs have a much lesser risk of having the virus, if any at all, so they do not need to stop going out in groups, even if you are self-isolating, but sensible precautions should be taken. I am a dog walker, how can I avoid getting the virus while collecting the dog if the owner is self- isolating? If you are a dog walker, carry with you a lead, antibacterial wipes, tissues and hand sanitiser. Use the wipes to open the door of the dogs house, this will stop you touching an affected area, and help to clean off any virus that may be lurking there too. If you do not have the key in your possession and need to collect them, wipe the key with the wipes before you touch it and ensure to put the wipes immediately in a bin. When you enter the house, if there is a sink available, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water, then get your own tissue out to dry your hands and turn off the tap using the tissue you have just dried with and put it straight in the bin. Do not touch your face with your hands until you have cleaned them. Ensure the self-isolating person is not near when you are get the dog attached to your own lead and leave quickly. If the dog has a coat or harness, ask the owner to leave out an antibacterial spray so you can spray the item before you put it on the dog, they are best left to dry, however, this is not always possible if you are the dog walker. Do not take any poo bags, treats, balls or toys from the house as they may be holding the virus. Use an antibacterial wipe to hold the handle as you exit. Once you are out of the isolation area, put the antibacterial wipe in the bin and use the hand sanitiser on your hands. If you travel by car, carry your own antibacterial spray and frequently spray your car and wipe your steering wheel, mirror, door handles and handbrake with an antibacterial wipe. Remember, overkill never hurts! 91 views0 comments Recent Posts See All logo clear white.jpg © 2020 TLC Dog Walking Powered by Feet Logo grey no colour This site was designed with the website builder. Create your website today. Start Now
文章来源：山东成考网2020-11-11 16:34:30 学习交流群+ 加入微信公众号+ 关注 Ⅰ.Phonetics(10 points) In each of the following groups of words，there are four underlined letter combinations marked A，B，C and D.Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1.A.club B.tomb C.comb D.climb 2.A.food B.cool C.school D.flood 3.A.town B.how C.down D.snow 4.A.each B.peach C.break D.deal 5.A.hear B.fear C.dear D.wear 6.A.receive B.friend C.field D.piece 7.A.question B.notion C.exception D.vocation 8.A.exhaust B.exercise C.exam D.exact 9.A.where B.what C.whose D.white 10.A.switch B.hatch C.character D.match Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure(40 points) There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 11.Today is Jenny‘s wedding day.She _______ to Thomas. A.just has got married B.has just married C.was just married D.has just got married 12.Every officer and every soldier _______ obey the rules. A.had to B.have to C.has to D.must have to 13.Rarely _______ so difficult a problem. A.she could have faced with B.could have she faced with C.she could have been faced with D.could she have been faced with A.Having seen B.On seeing C.The driver seeing D.Seeing 15.I asked my teacher _______. A.what courses should I take B.should I take what courses C.I should take what courses D.what courses I should take A.right away B.all at once C.all of a sudden D.all right 17.There aren‘t many pandas ________ in the world today. A.alive B.living C.lively D.lived A.that we use B.as we use C.as we use them D.that we use them 19.It _______ to me that he was jealous. A.happened B.took C.occurred D.felt 版权保护: 本文由山东成考网提供，转载请保留链接: http://www.jyhz.org/gsz/3070.html
Spread Spectrum Hedy Lamarr and the Mobile Phone The book by: Rob Walters Hedy Lamarr was a famous Hollywood star and the first woman to appear naked on film. George Antheil was a piano player and composer. So just how did these two come to invent the latest technology used by the mobile phone? She was labelled "the most beautiful girl in the world" and he "the bad boy of music" yet way back in 1942 they took out a patent covering the vital radio technique that we now call spread spectrum. This absorbing book traces the eventful and sometimes scandalous lives of Hedy and George. It tells the fascinating story of radio and the ongoing battle to make it secure and of similar quality to wired communication. Spread spectrum emerges from that battle to become the solution of choice for anything from mobile phones to wireless computer networks. Customer Reviews Chapter Summaries The Author Related Publications The Audience for this Book Welcome to a world of secret communication, arms trading, mobile phones, film stars, piano players, nudity in the woods and one of the most unusual sources of revolutionary new technologies ever. This is the story of the birth of a new communication technique called spread spectrum and how it has evolved to impact our lives today. It is also the story of a forgotten patent and its two unlikely inventors. Spread spectrum is a technology that was first developed to provide secret radio links - mostly for the military. More recently it has found many other uses. You are, in all probability, already using this stuff when you make a cordless phone call or when your PC is wirelessly connected to a network. And you will be using it more and more as the new generation of mobile phones roll into the market. One day your fridge might use it to order some replacement yoghurt! This book tells the tale of spread spectrum: what it is, where it came from, and how it is used today. Hedy Lamarr was lauded by Hollywood as the most beautiful girl in the world. She made a whole series of films, starring with the big names of the forties. Yet behind all of this, behind a face that launched many young boys into manhood and enslaved many an older man, lay an inventive and fertile brain. Miss Lamarr was the first woman to appear naked on the silver screen. She was also, with George Antheil, one of the first to patent a technology which has shown itself to be an essential solution to secret communication via radio and to the sharing of increasingly busy radio channels. George Antheil was the self-named "bad boy of music." Born at the beginning of the twentieth century he played his piano all the way to Paris and there became the darling of the avant garde. He composed music that shocked and amazed. His Ballet Mecanique is written for a host of mechanical pianos, accompanied by electric bells and a propeller - it caused riots. He became an expert on glands and wrote a book which predicted the course of the second world war. Hedy and George's idea, first patented in 1942, was initially shunned. Yet, in the decades that followed, the basic principle was reinvented, refined and put to practical use in all manner of radio solutions, solutions that the inventors could never have imagined. The technique that they described is now called frequency hopping. It was before its time in the 1940s, but now has pride of place in a whole family of related solutions that are generally called - spread spectrum. This book traces the many strands that led to the invention and that follow from it. The true source of the idea may have been Fritz Mandl, Hedy's first husband and an unscrupulous arms trader. The book traces his origins and those of his dubious trade. The invention relies upon the use of radio, so the book traces the origins of this technology and the inventive leaps that enabled its use in mobile telephony. The patent actually describes a novel method of controlling torpedoes, so the development and use of these deadly underwater missiles in the first and second world wars is traced. Most importantly the river of technology which followed the invention is investigated. After the second world war, most of the work on spread spectrum was carried out in the deepest secrecy - finding uses in military communication, submarine detection and spy planes over Vietnam. This book explains what happened, from early exposure in the Cuban crisis and on to its current application in connecting computers together. It also traces the growing importance of a sister technology in spread spectrum through to its present use in the next generation of mobile phones Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil lived interesting and varied lives. This book explains the phenomenal breakthrough that they achieved, and how they have added a touch of glamour to a whole new branch of communication technology. Surrounding it all is a mystery. Just how did a successful Hollywood film star and a prolific composer, each with no technical background whatsoever, come to invent something so important? Why was the patent ignored for so long, and why did Hedy fail to mention it in her autobiography? What is the real story behind the origins of spread spectrum? Hedy and George did not benefit from their invention. But their seminal work is now becoming widely recognised. It is celebrated in this book, the first to explain the significance of spread spectrum in non-technical terms. This is also the first book to take a close look at the lives of both inventors, to unravel the threads that drew them together and remove some of the mystery that surrounds the discovery. The book is written by someone who has the necessary background and ability to take on such a varied and challenging project. Customer Reviews Source: Amazon July 2007 5 out of 5 stars Entertaining Biography of the mobile phone and Hedy Lamar If you're looking for a biography of Hedy Lamarr, there may be better but this is good. If you're looking for a biography of George Antheil, there may be better but this is good. If you're looking for the history of radio with an emphasis on spread spectrum, this is very good. And if you're looking for a book that weaves all three together you've come to exactly the right place. This book is well written, with only the occasional editorial nit to pick. The style is casual and entertaining. The technology discussions are satisfying without being intimidating. Even the technologically unsophisticated will be able to understand the descriptions in this book. A great book about fascinating people and a fascinating technology. The Author Rob Walters is a successful author of approachable technical books, having written five during the 1990s, published by Artech House, Wiley and Blackwell. His interest in Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil arose during recent years as he researched the area of spread spectrum and spent much of his time teaching people of all backgrounds, from sales personnel to technicians, about mobile communications. He is an accomplished communicator via the written word (magazine articles, books, newsletters, etc), and the spoken word at conferences and in the classroom. He is now concentrating on a non-technical writing career. Rob is himself a patent holder and has a good understanding of the world of invention in addition to expertise in the technology which Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil unearthed. He has been writing seriously for well over a decade. Chapter Summaries Chapter 1: In the Beginning there was War, and Radio A light introduction to spread spectrum, the patent and the main players: Hedy, George and Fritz Mandl the arms trader. The mystery of where the patent came from and why it was not taken up. War and the origins of arms trading, the invention of the torpedo. Arms trading in earnest, Hiram Maxim's machine-gun. The Mandl family enters the arms supply world. The birth of Fritz in Austria and George in the USA. George's early childhood, the musical genius emerges. The discovery of radio and the first mobile phone call by David Hughes. Marconi links the continents of Europe and America by radio. Bell's light phone. The problems of radio and where Hedy and George might help. Chapter 2: A Child is Born in Vienna Death of George's sister. Young George travels to Europe to be "toughened up." George's boyhood compositions and the sinking of the Titanic. The birth of Hedy in Vienna and early childhood. Pre-war Vienna, the central focus of Europe. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand. The beginnings of WW1. The war under the sea. The deviousness of the arms trade. Persuading the customer to buy weapons. Expansion at the Mandl arms factory. The war ends and the arms trade regroups. Post war blues. Fessenden makes the first radio broadcast. The invention of the audion tube. News travels fast with radio. The advance of radio during WW1. Chapter 3: The Bad Boy of Music and his Ballet Mecanique George's teen years and his break through into the composing world. Fritz joins the Mandl family's arms company when it is on its knees, company recovery begins. George runs out of money, becomes an expert in endocrinology and a concert pianist. Touring Europe in search of his first lost love. Life in Berlin and the influence of Stravinsky. The move to Paris with girlfriend Boski. The garret and meeting the avant garde. George goes "modern". The riotous concerts. The introduction of car radios by the Detroit police. The notorious Ballet Mecanique is composed for a mechanical orchestra. First performance in Paris. George marries Boski. Hedy's teens and early sexual experiences. George’s fiasco at the Carnegie Hall. The end of George's mechanical phase. Chapter 4: Hedy in Ecstasy and Fritz in Trouble Hedy slips into the world of film. Fritz becomes MD of the family munitions firm. George writes an opera, Transatlantic, in Vienna. George’s life in Italy and writing a crime thriller, his love of the Riviera. Hedy joins Reinhardt's drama school in Berlin. The restructuring of the inter-war arms trade, the success of Mandl's company followed by the Hirtenberger scandal. Hedy in Ecstasy, the nude scene and the faked orgasm. Other contenders for the first nude on film. George returns to the United States, second opera flops. The introduction of two-way radio and the problems of radio telephony. Armstrong and the invention of frequency modulation which provides much better quality. Fritz Mandl meets, pursues and marries Hedy. Chapter 5: The Great Escape to Hollywood Armstrong introduces his improved radio to New York and George writes music for films in the same city. George begins his writing career with Esquire magazine, tours America and alights in Hollywood. Fritz Mandl's Viennese dinners with Hitler and Mussolini. After dinner discussions on munitions. Fritz sees Ecstasy and attempts to destroy it. Hedy is entrapped in the marriage. Early attempts at escape from Fritz. George in Hollywood, film scores and the birth of his son. Hedy's escape, the drugged maid and flight to Paris. Divorce from Fritz. Short sojourn in London. Meeting with Mayer of MGM. Boat trip to the States. Clinching the contract. Arrival in Hollywood. Tinsletown in the 1930s. Chapter 6: Glands and the Patent Hedy’s first Hollywood film, Algiers, and the follow-ups. Marriage to Markey. George’s idea to simplify piano playing and make a fortune. George writes a book predicting WW2 and its results. The death of George's brother Henry. The beginning of WW2 and the use made of torpedoes. Hedy makes Boom Town and other blockbusters. Hedy as an actress. Hedy meets George to discuss breast enlargement. Lipstick on the windscreen. The birth of the invention. Hedy makes one of her best films - H.M. Pulham, Esq. The patent is granted - just what is it exactly? The input from a university professor. Chapter 7: Rejection and Stealthy Progress Rejection of the patent by the US Navy. Hedy's contribution to WW2. Hedy's first Hollywood sex kitten role. George's attempts to stay solvent and his friendship with Hedy. Hedy in the Hollywood Canteen, meeting and marriage to Loder. George's 4th Symphony and Hedy's Casablanca. More inventions from Hedy and George. Who really was first to discover frequency hopping? Claude Shannon, the juggler, publishes the theory of spread spectrum. Spread spectrum goes underground - censored. Introducing the spread spectrum family - the birth of frequency hopping's sister technology, noise modulation. Here comes digital. Noise wheels in Germany. The "Green Hornet" connects Churchill to Roosevelt. Armstrong's radio leads to spread spectrum radar. Noise wheels in America. MIT joins the fray and the first digital spread spectrum system is developed, and improved. Hedy's frequency hopping used to detect the position of submarines, spy on Vietnam, goes to sea with the Cuban blockade. Using spread spectrum to share radio channels. Chapter 8: Success and Failure Hedy and George after the war. The publication of George's autobiography, his later compositions and death. Hedy's short career as a producer - of films and children. Back in the fold - starring in Samson and Delilah her most famous film. Hedy's acting ability in a religious blockbuster. The decline and fall of a star. Hedy the shoplifter. Hedy's disputed autobiography. Armstrong, the true father of spread spectrum? His early childhood, the development of a serial inventor, contested originality, disappointment and success after death. The first car phones go live in St Louis. The invention of the transistor and cellular radio. Cellular explained. Chapter 9: The Incredible Story of Cellular The story behind the phenomenal success of cellular and the mistakes that were made in selecting the best technological solutions. The carphone system shifts into second gear but hits the capacity stops. Lifting the veil on cellular. Why is it so much better? The first demonstration and the beginning of the patent flood. "I'm on the train", the first cellular system takes to the rails. Martin Cooper makes the first hand-held call. Bahrain and Japan take the lead from America. The alleged rape of Hedy Lamarr and the attempt to dishonour her name in Blazing Saddles. First generation cellular here there and everywhere at last, but what about security and capacity? The next generation to the rescue. European domination and GSM. The market anarchy of the United States provides a fertile meadow for spread spectrum. The riveting tale of Qualcomm, the company that championed the use of spread spectrum in cellular and faced out the giants of the industry. Chapter 10: Spread Spectrum out of the Closet How spread spectrum is beginning to dominate the world of radio communications. Radio spectrum and real estate. A free-for-all radio band and what you might put into it. The microwave oven as a neighbour. The arrival of the cordless telephone and how spread spectrum made it work properly. Wireless and the computer. The use of spread spectrum to connect computers into a wireless local area network. Hot spots in the coffee shop and the pub. The emergence of Bluetooth for wireless everything and why it isn't called Lamarr? Bluetooth's use of frequency hopping. Why Ericsson donated a new wireless technology to the world. How Bluetooth will revolutionise wireless connections. The military navigates and communicates via spread spectrum: GPS and Milstar. GPS is released to the world. Why the current generation of cellular is doomed and how spread spectrum is coming to the rescue. Qualcomm against the world - European and American technology battle it out. Mobile spectrum generates the most expensive auction in the world. What the next generation does for mobile, and what it will do in the future. Chapter 11: Recognition, Death and the Future Is it enough to be the most beautiful woman in the world for a few years? What happens afterward? From accusations of shoplifting to her own legal battles against those stealing her likeness. At last, the awards begin to roll in. Recognition for George and Hedy as pioneers of spread spectrum. At last, a full performance of George's Ballet Mecanique and the linking of the original film to his music. Hedy's lonely death at the beginning of a new century and her disputed will. Did Hedy and George really invent spread spectrum and what was she - genius or spy? What happens next - is spread spectrum the end of the line? Patent Diagram Related Publications Both Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil published autobiographies many years ago. Hedy's book is a gushing Hollywood style pulp paperback that makes no mention of her invention, concentrating on her films and sex life. George's book is more a serious account of his life and does include material on the invention and his role in obtaining the patent. There are many websites that provide brief accounts of Hedy's life, often recycling the same material. Similarly there are websites devoted to George, though significantly fewer. In 2004 a short documentary style film was made of Hedy's life and is now appearing at various film festivals, it is entitled Calling Hedy Lamarr. There is also children's book which features Hedy and her patent - it is very short and part of series focusing on inventors. There is a book on Hedy's life in German and there is rumoured to be a new biography by film star specialist Patrick Agan out soon. Tony Rothman devotes a chapter to the Lamarr/Antheil invention in his book: Everything's Relative. Where this book is entirely different is that it brings together the many threads of this fascinating story into a single tale. It is not a biography of Hedy Lamarr; it is a biography of the evolution of an important technology - enlivened by Hedy's life and that of the men in her life, particularly George Antheil. It draws on many different sources for its factual content, including the two autobiographies mentioned above. It also draws on the author's own expertise in the world of radio communication and the mobile phone. The Audience This is not a deeply technical book and will therefore be of general interest. It is not a book for the specialist. It has a good deal of human content introduced through the lives of Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil, yet it also delves into the arms trade, the development of radio, the technology of spread spectrum and the mobile phone. All of the technical content is "approachable" so anyone with a slight interest in the rise of technology, particularly that universal phenomena the mobile phone, will find it a good and satisfying read. Click here to see more of Rob Walters' writing
Quantcast XP Math - Forums - View Single Post - Doppler Effect: Precalculus homework help??? View Single Post Old 04-19-2013 #1 Join Date: Apr 2013 Posts: 1 Default Doppler Effect: Precalculus homework help??? The Doppler Effect (named after Christian Doppler) is the change in the pitch (frequency) of the sound from a source (s) as heard by an observer (o) when one or both are in motion. If we assume both the source and the observer are moving in the same direction, the relationship is: f' = fa(v-vo/v-vs) where f' = perceived pitch by the observer fa = actual pitch of the source v = speed of sound in air (assume 772.4 mph) vo = speed of the observer vs = speed of the source Suppose you are traveling down the road at 45 mph and you hear an ambulance (with siren) coming toward you from the rear. The actual pitch of the siren is 600 hertz. a) Write a function f'(Vs) that describes this scenario. b) If f' = 620 Hz, find the speed of the ambulance. Denise44 is offline
•explain how investment in human capital and willingness to seek new economic opportunities produced economic improvement for african-americans a. it resulted in widespread unemployment. what are the issues? Human capital is the stock of habits, knowledge, social and personality attributes embodied in the ability to perform labour so as to produce economic value. Human capital is unique and differs from any other capital. It is needed for companies to achieve goals, develop and remain innovative. Human capital affects economic growth and can help to develop an economy by expanding the knowledge and skills of its people. The concept of human capital is the realization that not everyone has the same skill sets or knowledge. Also, the quality of work can be improved by investing in people's education. Do you know the answer? Other questions on the subject: History History, 22.06.2019, lkarroum3733 The correct answer is B) for the first time in weeks he was sufficiently roused by his wife to look at her.Explanation:This sentence offers evidence that George can be caring becau...Read More 3 more answers History, 22.06.2019, sanchezgirl513 offline recommendation systems option bbecause recommendation systems produce a list of two ways 1. through collaborative filtering or2. through content-based filtering...Read More 2 more answers History, 22.06.2019, QUEEN2267 this is not a question its simply asking you to read and write a few sentences and the question on the bottom its fairly easy, you can do this!...Read More 1 more answers History, 22.06.2019, areanna02 I would use two sources of data for income and two for literacy. For average income I would consult the censuses if they were available at that time. In particular I would check th...Read More 3 more answers
• $4.99 Publisher Description This book describes Endocrine Eye Disorders, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases The ophthalmic findings are evident with main disorders of the pancreas (diabetes retinopathy), thyroid gland, and hypothalamic-pituitary axis, the adrenal gland and people with multiple hereditary endocrine syndromes Many endocrine diseases demonstrate evidence in the eye first through a range of individual pathophysiological disturbances. People with thyroid disease occasionally produce an eye disorder that induces the immune system to attack the muscles and other tissues around the eyes. This inflammation can result in the eyeballs to start to bulge from their sockets. It can be rarely serious enough to induce vision loss. Autoimmune eye disorders that are often seen in people with thyroid disease are: 1. Thyroid eye disease, occasionally known as TED 2. Graves' opthalmopathy (GO) 3. Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) 4. Grave's orbitopathy- pathology of the eye orbit Thyroid eye disease can produce inflammation that may involve the muscles and other tissues around the eyes. 1. Pain in the eyes when looking up, down, or sideways 2. Dryness and itching of eyes, difficulty wearing contact lenses 3. Inflammation and swelling of the eye and its surrounding tissues 4. Swelling of the orbital tissues which induces the eye to be pushed forward termed exophthalmos making people with thyroid eye disease seem to have a wide-eyed or bulging, protruding stare. 5. Bloodshot eyes 6. Double vision (diplopia) 7. Light sensitivity 8. Impaired vision 9. Difficulty moving the eyes Thyroid eye disease is believed to go through differing degrees of severity and can enter periods of remission. It often persists 6 months to 2 years. Disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis Pituitary adenomas are tumors that can involve vision, occasionally producing vision loss. As they increase in size, pituitary adenomas can apply pressure on essential structures in the body, such as the optic nerve. Applying pressure on the optic nerve may induce blindness, so it is important for eye doctors to diagnose pituitary tumors before they produce damage to vision. While small, the pituitary gland regulates the production of many different types of hormones. It aids in maintaining growth and development and controls many different glands, organs, and hormones. The most frequent structures that a pituitary tumor squashes are the optic nerve and optic chiasm. Optic nerve compression produces a slow loss of vision or a loss of peripheral vision. Loss of peripheral vision in the temporal or side area of the visual field is called a bi-temporal hemi-anopsia. Other than vision alterations such as double vision, droopy eyelids, and visual field loss, pituitary adenomas also may produce these symptoms: 1. Forehead headaches 2. Nausea or vomiting 3. Alterations in sense of smell 4. Sexual dysfunction 5. Depression 6. Unexplained weight alterations 7. Alterations in menses or early menopause Diseases of Parathyroid Since it is a serious and progressive disease, patients with parathyroid disease should go through parathyroidectomy, a surgery to remove the parathyroid tumor. The symptoms of hyperparathyroidism are dissimilar in different people. 1. Corneal calcification. Calcium can collect (be deposited) in the cornea of the eye or in the lens (cataract). 2. Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Diagnosing eye diseases of endocrine disorders is important not only for rapid diagnosis and treatment, but also to avoid significant morbidity and mortality. Chapter 1 Endocrine Eye Disorders Chapter 2 Diabetic Retinopathy Chapter 3 Thyroid Eye Disease Chapter 4 Hashimoto Thyroiditis Chapter 5 Parathyroid Eye Disease Chapter 6 Cushing Syndrome Chapter 7 Addison Disease Chapter 8 Prolactinoma Chapter 9 Other Hormonal Disorder Professional & Technical 22 December Kenneth Kee Smashwords, Inc. More Books by Kenneth Kee
2021-02-23 13:14:36 how long dose the earth take to travel around the sun 2021-02-23 13:53:00 The obvious answer to this question would be a year or 365 days, but the Universe is much more complicated than that. If you had to extensively research the exact time it took for Earth to orbit the Sun, the answer you would be left with would be 365.256 days - this is excluding a leap year that has 366 days with February having 29 days instead of the usual 28. If you had to convert the days into hours you would be left with 8766.144 hours for one complete orbit around the Sun. The Earth orbits the Sun in a counterclockwise direction which is why we see the Sun "rising" in the East and "setting" in the West.
Zonal OCR Using Zonal OCR to Extract Data Fields From Scanned Documents Zonal Optical Character Recognition (OCR), also sometimes referred to as Template OCR, is a technology used to extract text located at a specific location inside a scanned document. In this article, we’ll explain how Zonal OCR works and how it can be used to automate data-entry workflows. Most of today’s document and PDF scanning offer out of the box Optical Character Recognition (OCR) capabilities which convert your scanned images (JPG, PNG, or TIFF files) into searchable and editable PDF documents. In some cases, a simple OCR system is however not enough and you need to level up your game. For example, if you are not interested in the whole text of a document, but rather want to pull certain text elements that are located at specific positions. This is when a technology called “Zonal OCR” (also referred to as Template OCR) comes into play. Zonal OCR basically allows us to extract only the important data fields from a scanned document and store the extracted values in a structured database. One popular use case for Zonal OCR is to convert PDF to Excel or Automated Invoice Processing. How does Zonal OCR software work? First, let’s talk a bit about what the term actually means. You probably already read about OCR and how it is used to convert scanned documents into searchable and editable documents. But having the whole text of the document accessible is only the first step. Zonal or Template OCR goes one step further. Instead of only converting your scanned images into text, a software system can be trained to understand the structure and hierarchy of your document. By defining “zones”, it is possible to teach a zone-based OCR system to distinguish certain data fields from each other. Let’s imagine your business receives hundreds of purchase orders or sales orders every week. Thanks to a consistent layout, it’s easy to teach a Zonal OCR system where certain data fields can be found. More advanced systems like Docparser can apply PDF data extractions for various layouts, for example in the case of invoice OCR processing. What is Zonal OCR? To sum it up: Zonal OCR is a special type of Optical Character Recognition which extracts only certain text data fields from a document. The extraction is based on “zones” which are defined by the user prior to scanning. Your Training your software Training a Zonal OCR system basically means to define where all data fields can be found inside a document. This process needs to be done only once and the locations (zones) of the data fields are then saved in a template. Once you trained your system properly, the zone templates can be used for scanning further documents. And this is where Zonal OCR really shines. Big batches of documents having the same layout can be processed in a snap once the system was trained properly. Need to extract client names and reference numbers from hundreds of quotes, purchase orders or sales orders? No problem at all. Once you set up your master template, all you need to do is to feed more documents to the system. How Docparser can help Setting up a zonal or template OCR system is straightforward in most cases. As the data extraction is based on the location inside the document, most solutions offer a visual “zone definition” process. The screenshot below shows the setup process of Docparser. All the user has to do is to draw a square around the area where the data field is located. zonal ocr This process is then repeated for each data field that the user wants to extract. In a typical scenario, the user needs to define a handful of zones which will then result in the equivalent number of extracted data fields. Where Zonal OCR tends to fail Most Zonal OCR systems are purely location-based. The advantage of such systems is that the setup is very easy. As mentioned above, the user only needs to draw a rectangle (zone) around a specific area and the setup is done. This covers however only a subset of cases. In reality, extracting data from semi-structured documents is a bit more complex. To give you a better picture, let’s look at some examples. The following cases can not be handled by a simple Zonal OCR system: • Extracting compound data fields (e.g. First + Last Name, Postal Address, …) • Repeating data fields (e.g. Multiple product numbers, …) • Table data • Data fields with variable positions (e.g. Invoice totals, ..) This is why Docparser offers a powerful set of features that goes beyond the capabilities of a classic Zonal OCR system. By offering sophisticated tools, Docparser compensates perfectly for the shortcomings of classic systems. Create a free account today and give it a try! Zonal OCR Author: Joshua Harris 40 thoughts on “Using Zonal OCR to Extract Data Fields From Scanned Documents” 1. Hi, I am looking for software that will search a PDF & work document then fill in fields such as name address number etc. The application is that we download a hundred CV’s a day, all in different formats, rather than copying and pasting name fields into the excel spreadsheet, which we then upload into our crm, we can get software to do it, maybe based on Name, address, phone fields etc, does your software do this? 1. Hi Simon, great question! To be completely honest, I don’t think that Docparser is a great for this use-case at this moment in time. We focus mainly on getting data out of documents with a fix structure or at least being semi-structured. There are however companies focusing their work entirely on getting data out of CVs. The software category for this would be “CV Parser” and you should find some solutions when searching in Google. 2. Hello ~ I am looking for a solution for extracting data from tax returns. Would tax returns be a consistent enough format for this product? I’m assuming we’d have to “teach” it all the different forms (i.e. 1040, 1041, 1065, 1120S, state forms, etc.)? 1. Hi Christie! Yes, tax returns should be something Docparser can handle. And yes, you need to create a set of parsing rules for each document layout. I would suggest you create a free trial account and give a try. We’ll be more than happy to help you setting up your parsing rules. 1. Hi, I am looking for a solution for extracting data from receipt in image format (eg. jpg, jpeg,png,..). Can the solution be used for image and can be trained for different receipt format? 2. HI Myat! Thanks for the great question! We are actually working on supporting image file formats such as JPG, PNG and TIFF. And yes, you can train Docparser to extract data from various document layouts. However, we don’t support photos of receipts which are not well aligned. Docparser was designed to process documents which come either as native PDF format or were scanned with a flatbed scanner. 3. Hello, My work primarily involves extracting information from PDF documents (scientific publications) and populating an extraction grid in Excel with this data. Can docparser: A. locate specific keywords/data in a PDF document and highlight them? B. extract that specific information from the PDF document into a structured Data extraction grid in excel? Ideally, the extracted data from the PDF would be assigned to a specific column (an example data element to be extracted might be “mean age”, which first, would be highlighted in the PDF after the OCR/docparser would identify it in the document, and then, that information would be extracted and precisely placed in the Excel column labelled “Mean Age”). As part of the data extraction, I often conduct literature reviews and need to repeat this process for multiple PDF documents so any method that could expedite the process would be very useful. 1. Hi Briain, thanks a lot for reaching out! While we can extract data from documents which come in a semi-structured format, we can’t fill in specific cells in a give Excel document. You can however extract data fields based on keywords and then download the data in a Excel / CSV file generated by our system. 2. Hi, please can you recommend a software that supports extraction of data from image file formats such as JPG, PNG and TIFF 4. DocParser, Our document (SSN card, driver’s license) may come from fax or email attachment (scanned ssn card or driver’s license ). We are looking for a solution that can integrate with fax and email, extract the data to json format. Does DocParser support that? If not all, what are supported? 1. Hi Zhenwu, thanks a lot for reaching out and your interest in Docparser! Our solution offers a built-in email reception feature. You just need to forward your documents to the email address which comes with your parser and they will get processed right away after reception. Regarding the faxes, you would need to obtain a digital copy of your fax in PDF, JPG, PNG or TIFF format. Chances are high that you fax solution already provides such a functionality. Once you have a digital copy of your fax, you can forward it to Docparser by email or use our API to import it. 1. Hi Chris! Unfortunately our solution Docparser does not recognize handwritten text. There are other OCR solutions that might be able to help you, but please note that you won’t reach a very high OCR accuracy rate for handwritten text. When using OCR for handwritten text, you always need to double-check the results. 5. Hi . We deal with the extraction of addresses (usually near the top left corner) from A4 documents. Can your system retrieve this and isolate it from the rest of the text on the document. The documents are fairly regimented, but not perfectly structured. Ideally, we would like to provide this via an API integration. Is this possible? 1. Hi David! Docparser works best if your documents are having the exact same format. If you have an address at the exact same position, you can use our address normalization filter. We can extract data from variable positions, but unfortunately this method is more suited for data following a fixed patterns (e.g. invoice numbers). I would suggest searching for a “CV parser” software. It sounds like a CV parser could be helpful to you. 6. Hello, I am looking for a way to capture addresses for return mail. Just to clarify, this system can capture addresses, correct? When the data is captured, can it be exported to an excel file or a database? Also, can this system be used on an ios or android device? 1. Hi Lauren, thanks for the question! Yes, Docparser can parse postal addresses. However, our address parser only works if the addresses are located in the exact position inside a document. We don’t provide any SDK for iOS or Android unfortunately. Docparser is a web-based application focused on “documents” (native PDF and scanned documents) and we don’t support parsing of photos taken with a camera at this point in time. 8. Hi DocParser, I am trying to convert handwritten form to digital. Form structure remains same but there are some boxes which are filled by user(handwritten). Is there anyway to segment out the handwritten part? If I am able to take that part out, i am planning to use OCR . Please let me know. Thanks 1. Hi Pinaki! Thanks for the great question. Unfortunately Docparser is not able to recognize handwritten text reliable. To my knowledge, all OCR solutions for hand-written text (ICR) require human validation due to low accuracy levels. I would suggest that you look into employing a data entry service such as keyers-net.com. 9. Will docparser be able to scan multiple sections of a page? For example, if there were 4 receipts on every page, could it scan each receipt separately and save it to the receipt number.pdf 1. Hi Debbie! Thanks for the great question! Docparser works best when one document equals to one set of data. You can still define multiple regions and get all the data at once, but we won’t be able to separate the part of the document and save it under a new filename. 10. Hi, Can your software be useful for extracting data from a handwritten document that has a column and over a hundred rows? 1. Hi Dipo, thanks a lot for reaching out and your interest in Docparser! Unfortunately we don’t offer handwriting detection. 11. Hello, I have a scenario with 20 document types, all in a standard format, all going into one email box. Can Docparser identify which format (of the 20) a specific document without any QR/barcode, based solely on the document format? Moreover, can the parsed document then be sent to a different mailbox based on the format type? Finally, can any non-identified documents be sent to an alternate (21st) mailbox? Thank you. 1. Hi Shawn, thanks a lot for reaching out and the great question! At this point, Docparser does not have a built-in “send email” function. While Docparser can receive your documents by email, we can only send out parsed data (incl. a link to the document) with HTTP request (webhook integrations). You can however use one of our integration partners (Zapier, MS Flow, Workato, Stamplay, …) to send out emails including the document as an attachment. Whether or not you can identify a document layout with Docparser highly depends on the content and layout of the documents. In most cases, it’s possible to find simple rules like “if … is present in the top left corner, classify as type A”. I would suggest to create a free trial account and just give it a spin. Our support staff will be more than happy to help you with the setup once you give us access to your documents. 12. I’m trying to identify empty fields in OCR forms where the fields are to be filled out by hand. I don’t care what the data is in the field only that it is not empty as a quality check for completeness. Can this tool do that? 1. Hi Amy! I’m afraid Docparser is not a good fit for your use-case. Right now, Docparser is not capable to detect hand-written text accurately. Which means that form fields would be classified as empty quite often, even though they are filled with hand-written text. I’m sorry for the bad news! 13. I have an old ephemeris that I want to preserve. The info is mostly table data with many glyphs and symbols. Can docuparser be trained to read this info and save it in PDF and other editable files? 1. Thanks for the question! It’s difficult to answer this question without having a look at some sample documents. I would recommend to create a free account and give Docparser a spin. Our support team will be happy to assess your sample documents once they are uploaded to your free account. 14. Firstly, Can docparser convert semi structured documents into structured spreadsheets in batches (nightly) from a specified folder? I would like to automate the zonal OCR process for a set of documents. Secondly, Is docparser purely Cloud based or deployed On premise too? 1. Hi Mukund! Yes, Docparser can handle semi structured documents to a certain degree. You can read more about extracting data from semi structured documents in our knowledge base. And yes, Docparser can import documents from a watched folder (Dropbox, Google Drive, …) and process documents in batches. To answer your last question, Docparser is a cloud only solution. I would recommend to create a free account and give it a try! 🙂 15. Hi, I am looking for a solution to use a camera phone to scan a prescription to get name, address, medication etc. Can the software work on mobile? Scanned by hand, by a customer not a flatbed scanner? 1. Hi Ian, thanks for the question! Unfortunately Docparser is not a good fit for your use-case. We specialize in getting data from scanned dand PDF documents. Comments are closed.
I have the following construction, A context variable refers to a subset of the DOM tree nodes which represent a context. I doubt if I should say A context variable refers to a subset of the DOM tree nodes representing a context. Or for ....another anchor which shares the same ancestor ...another anchor sharing the same ancestor Are they both correct? In fact I don't know when to use ing in relative clause. The examples of this source are in present continues form but examples of this one include present form too. Can I always use the reduced relative clause with "ing" in present or present continues cases? or it is just for present continues? or for special cases of present? I got confused! • Actually you don't have present progressive (i.e. continuous) in any of these sentences. The first one is a reduced relative clause, it uses a non-finite -ing form (a present participle). Present progressive has to contain the verb to be (adequately inflected) so that wouldn't be a non-finite verb form any more. – Lucky Jun 14 '15 at 18:17 • @Lucky There is no first or second sentence, they are both one sentence. you mean the first option is correct and a reduced relative clause for the second option? – Ahmad Jun 14 '15 at 18:37 • Well the first option is a sentence and the second one is also a sentence, they are just very similar and mean the same thing :-). Both of those are correct and the first one contains a reduced relative clause: "representing a context". The way both relative clauses are written they refer to tree nodes not a context variable. – Lucky Jun 14 '15 at 19:35 • My poor grammar says that you need a comma before your which - 'nodes, which represent a context.' Or to use 'that' in place of 'which', but honestly, they both read very well as-is. – Michael Dorgan Jun 15 '15 at 17:30 It is always possible to replace a defining relative clause by a participle construction which is shorter. Longman English Grammar 1.58.6 (present participle) and 1.62.3 (past participle). Your Answer
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Great Britain The Union Jack England - Англия Scotland - Шотландия Wales - Уэльс Northern Ireland – Северная Ирландия Red rose - Красная роза London - Лондон Thistle - Чертополох Edinburgh - Эдинбург Leek and yellow daffodils – Лук порей и желтые нарциссы Cardiff - Кардифф Shamrock - Трилистник Belfast - Белфаст Queen Elisabeth I - Королева Елизавета I Queen Anne - Королева Анна Queen Victoria - Королева Виктория Diana, Princess of Wales - Диана, принцесса Уэльская Queen Elisabeth II - Королева Елизавета II The Royal Family – Королевская семья Categories: englishenglish geographygeography The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - Соединенное королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии 1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Соединенное королевство Великобритании и Северной 2. Great Britain The UK consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Each part - it is a separate country with its capital, flag, national emblem, history and culture. 3. The Union Jack Flag of Great Britain called «The Union Jack». It consists of three crosses: the cross of St. George, the patron saint of England, the cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, and the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. 4. England - Англия One part of the UK. Capital - London. National emblem - a red rose. 5. Scotland - Шотландия The second largest part of the UK. Capital Edinburgh. National emblem - a thistle. 6. Wales - Уэльс Another part of the UK. Capital Cardiff. National emblem - leek and 7. Northern Ireland – Северная Ирландия The fourth part of the UK. Capital Belfast. National emblem shamrock. 8. Red rose - Красная роза Rose with red petals and white stamens - the traditional emblem of the United Kingdom. It is the most famous kings of England badge. After the Wars of the Roses, named breastplates names who fought for the crown, red rose of Lancaster and the white rose of York were united in a form which is called "Tudor Rose". In recent times, the red rose was approved by the European political parties as an emblem of 9. London - Лондон The capital of England and the Tower Bridge 10. Thistle - Чертополох In ancient times, the Vikings landed on the east coast of Scotland with the intention to capture and plunder the country. Scots gathered all its combat forces and occupied the location of the river Tay, where there was a convenient ford. They set up camp and settled down to rest, considering that the enemy will not attack until the next day. However, the Vikings were near; finding no protection and the Scots guards around the camp, they crossed the river with the intention of a sudden attack. They took off his shoes to make noise when moving to a smaller camp. But suddenly one of the Vikings stepped on a thistle. The sudden and acute pain he cried. Hearing the cry, Scott raised the alarm in the camp. The Vikings were forced to retreat, and the thistle, in recognition of this that's unexpected help, the Scots have chosen as their national emblem .... 11. Edinburgh - Эдинбург The capital of 12. Leek and yellow daffodils – Лук порей и желтые нарциссы Wales - a country in which there are two emblems. Legend has it that St. David asked his people to attach leeks to hats and paste it into the clothes tabs to easily vary during the battle against their enemies the Anglo-Saxons. St. David's Day is celebrated in early spring when the daffodils bloom, symbolizing the birth of a new life. This flower was the second, more elegant emblem of Wales, while the first is the official emblem of the leeks. 13. Cardiff - Кардифф Capital of Wales. 14. Shamrock - Трилистник Patron Saint Patrick of Ireland is renowned for being brought to Ireland Christian faith. Trying to impress the leader once-pagan concept of the Holy Trinity, St. Patrick plucked leaf clover and explained that there is but they are the same as the three leaves on one germ. ? This intuitive explanation achieved the goal, and the grateful leader imbued with the Christian spirit and ordered his subjects to follow his example. So St. Patrick Irish convinced that the Triune God is better than a lot of disparate pagan idols. And since then, the shamrock has become one of the favorite national symbols Irish. 15. Belfast - Белфаст The capital of Northern Ireland. 16. Queen Elisabeth I - Королева Елизавета I Elizabeth I (7.09.1533 - 24.03.1603) the Queen of England and Ireland from 1558. During her reign "Golden Age" in the history of England. Development of all sectors of the economy, increases the army, England became a colonial empire. This is the heyday of the culture, and the growing importance of English in the world arena (the defeat of the Spanish Armada). In her time worked: William Shakespeare, Marlowe. 17. Queen Anne - Королева Анна Anna (06/02/1665 01/08/1714) - the first monarch of Great Britain legally united. Board Anna the heyday of Culture and Science and the formation of the British Enlightenment. In her time worked: Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Sir Isaac Newton worked. 18. Queen Victoria - Королева Виктория Victoria (24/05/1819 - 22/01/1901). She had been on the throne for 64 of the year - more than any other monarch of Great Britain. The Victorian era coincided with the Industrial Revolution, a period of greatest prosperity of the British 19. Diana, Princess of Wales - Диана, принцесса Уэльская Diana, Princess of Wales - Диана, принцесса from 1981 to 1996, is widely known as Princess Diana, Lady Diana Lady Di or. Diana actively involved in charitable and peacekeeping. Was one of the most popular women in the world of his time. In the UK, has always been considered the most popular member of the royal family, it was called the "queen of hearts" or "queen of hearts" 20. Queen Elisabeth II - Королева Елизавета II Elizabeth II (born 21/04/1926) - now the reigning queen ascended the throne in 1952. Queen of Great Britain only reigns but does not govern. She launched an extensive executive functions involved in various charity events. 21. The Royal Family – Королевская семья English Русский Rules
The bolt is the part that feeds the cartridge into the chamber. It houses the firing pin and ejector, and the extractor is attached to the exterior (usually with a pin, so as to allow the extractor to grip the rim of the cartridge case). It is an integral part of a firearm's operation; without the bolt (or an equivalent), it cannot fire. Bolt designs[edit \| edit source] Telescoping bolt[edit \| edit source] A telescoping bolt is a bolt that wraps around the breech end of the barrel. This bolt design is often used to reduce overall weapon length without sacrificing barrel length or bolt weight. Turn bolt[edit \| edit source] A turn bolt refers to a firearm component that where the whole bolt without using a bolt carrier turns to lock/unlock. This is mostly used to describe manually operated bolt action firearms, but also on some automatic firearms. Rotating bolt[edit \| edit source] A rotating bolt is a bolt that locks into a barrel extension via use of lugs and using a bolt carrier. There is always a slot milled out for a cam pin in the bolt carrier in order to facilitate the rotating of the bolt itself as it locks into the barrel extension.
1. Modeling 2. Dimensions 3. Time 4. Time Ranges 5. What is a time range A time range is a user-defined contiguous range of time periods that can be applied to any module or line item to restrict the range of periods into which data can be entered or displayed. Defined in units of fiscal year, they determine the periods for which data will be stored, held in memory, and recalculated. This helps reduce the sparsity that can occur if a high percentage of data combinations (intersections) in the data set's dimensions are not populated with data. Each time range is an independent entity with a Start Period and a defined Number of Periods in years.
Time to can the Electoral College The National Popular Vote movement is a 21st-century approach to making votes equal. Luis Ruuska Gov. Andrew Cuomo recently made New York the 11th state to join the fight to effectively end the Electoral College by joining the National Popular Vote. Under the National Popular Vote effort, states move away from a system of giving electoral votes to the candidate who wins the state’s popular vote in favor of a system in which the candidate who wins the national popular vote receives electoral votes. The movement won’t actually have any effect until it reaches the 270-vote majority necessary to elect a presidential candidate, but Cuomo’s support brings the movement’s total number of electoral votes to 165. New York lawmakers passed the bill with overwhelming bipartisan support, much like other states that have passed similar bills. Talk of reforming America’s voting system is nothing new, but change doesn’t come easily, which is why no alternative movement has gained traction. Critics bring up that the Founding Fathers created the Electoral College and that is enough reason to keep it around. However, the Electoral College’s modern incarnation does not function as the Founders likely intended. From their writings, we know many of the Founding Fathers were actually afraid of the corruption of democracy and therefore felt that the decision of electing the president was best left up to qualified people, like lawmakers. This is the reasoning behind the Electoral College. But, in an age when information is so easily accessible, it’s tough to make the argument that lawmakers are the only ones who have the ability to make a qualified judgment on which presidential candidate should receive a state’s electoral votes. Additionally, the Electoral College diminishes the vote of the political minorities within any state. In a safely blue state, a Republican’s vote is worth very little; the same goes for a Democrat in a safely red state. Political minorities feel further isolated because most presidential campaigns tend to heavily focus nearly all of their time and resources on 10 swing states, instead of states that are strongholds or lost causes. We don’t need to look far to see this phenomenon. President Barack Obama and former Gov. Mitt Romney heavily invested in television advertising during the 2012 election. While Obama spent $314.8 million on television ads and Romney spent $147.8 million, they both spent 99 percent of their money in just 10 states. However, the Electoral College’s biggest shortcoming is in its ability to elect a president who wins the electoral vote but not the popular vote. This scenario played out in the infamous presidential election of 2000 when Vice President Al Gore lost to Texas Gov. George W. Bush through the Electoral College, even though Gore had approximately half a million more popular votes than him. The Founding Fathers were not infallible. Though they had incredible insight, what worked for democracy in the 18th and 19th centuries does not work in the 21st century. While the National Popular Vote effort does not eliminate the Electoral College, it makes it more efficient and democratic. That’s an idea we should all get
The resources above correspond to the standards listed below: Virginia Standards of Learning VA.SS.USII. United States History: 1865 to the Present Reconstruction: 1865 to 1877 USII.3. The student will apply social science skills to understand the effects of Reconstruction on American life by: USII.3.b. Describing the impact of Reconstruction policies on the South and North. USII.4.c. Describing racial segregation, the rise of “Jim Crow,” and other constraints faced by African Americans and other groups in the post-Reconstruction South. VA.SS.CE. Civics and Economics CE.9. The student will apply social science skills to understand the judicial systems established by the Constitution of Virginia and the Constitution of the United States by: CE.9.d. Explaining how due process protections seek to ensure justice. VA.SS.VUS. Virginia and United States History VUS.1.e. Comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives in Virginia and United States history. VUS.1.f. Explaining how indirect cause-and-effect relationships impact people, places, and events in Virginia and United States history. VUS.1.g. Analyzing multiple connections across time and place. VUS.1.h. Using a decision-making model to analyze and explain the incentives for and consequences of a specific choice made. Civil War and Reconstruction VUS.7. The student will apply social science skills to understand the Civil War and Reconstruction eras and their significance as major turning points in American history by: VUS.7.d. Evaluating postwar Reconstruction plans presented by key leaders of the Civil War. VUS.8.d. Analyzing the impact of prejudice and discrimination, including “Jim Crow” laws, the responses of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois, and the practice of eugenics in Virginia. VA.SS.GOVT. Virginia and United States Government GOVT.11. The student will apply social science skills to understand civil liberties and civil rights by: GOVT.11.b. Analyzing due process of law expressed in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments.
Muhammad manners. Before this Muhammad Al-Fateh was Muhammad Al-Fateh was born on 27th Rajab, 835 A.H., 30th March, 1432. He was brought up under his father, Sultan Murad II, the seventh Ottoman Sultan. His father prepared and trained him to hold the responsibilities of the position of a ruler. Muhammad Al-Fateh memorized all the Quran, learnt the Prophetic narrations, Islamic jurisprudence, mathematics, astronomy and the skills required for war. He also learnt Arabic, Persian, Latin and Greek languages. He often joined his father in his battles and conquests. His father appointed him as a ruler of a small state so that he could receive practical training on administering state affairs under the supervision of some of the top scholars of that time. Sheikh Aaq Shams-Ad Deen, one of the scholars who supervised the upbringing and education of Muhammad Al-Fateh, managed to incstill in his heart the spirit of Jihaad and the desire to be a person with high ambition. This matter influenced the character of the young prince and tinted his personality with Islamic morals and manners. Before this Muhammad Al-Fateh was spoiled and lazy learning. But Muhammad Al Fatih began seriously studied after his father brought some teachers. The most important characteristics of Muhammad Al-Fateh leadership was his bearing of strong faith in God and his believed in the truthful of purpose. The sole purpose of uphold and outreach the teaching of Islam was his true humble conduct of being true Muslim. Sultan Al-Fateh was aware that he had to put a strong base to start from. He believes that no nation could achieve success without having a solid base of spiritual level and this become his main conduct and cultivation to his man. Muhammad Al Fatih himself was mentioned never leaving tahajud and rawatib prayers since baligh until his death. Maybe that’s the secret of success of Muhammad Al Fatih in realizing its goals and ideals of Islam, not physical strength, but the closeness to Allah SWT. The secret that he distributed to troops by keeping the obligatory prayers, tahajud prayers and rawatib prayers. In the age of 22, Muhammad Al Fatih conquered the city which the Prophet promised eight centuries earlier. Once captured, the city of Constantinople was replaced with the name Islambul and now called Istanbul. Secondly, be the bearing of strategic and innovative thinking. Trategically Sultan Muhammad Al-Fateh started his battle planning and preparations by establish peace agreement with western counterpart Serbia and Hungary. The intention was to deter any aids that may come support to the Roman during the final campaign. His judgment on time factor was emulation and references to his past forefather which also had involved on this holy battle. He sternly believed that the longer time he consumed in encompasses Constantinople, the more they are vulnerable to be outflanked and defeat by Hungary and Venice betrayal. Prior to that he prompted to invent I'm Alfred! Check it out
The Great American Divide: How did we get here? Can we heal? What can we do? Not just about the Sixties, Sex, Drugs, and Rock and Roll Part 1: History The American and the French Revolution Constitution: Catholic or Protestant Roots? Orthodoxy and Conservatives: Who's in Charge? Liberals and Progressives: A Difference of degree? Libertarians: Why don’t they play well with others? Socialism: Leveling the playing Field? Marxism: Why Total War on Institutions and Family? Part 2: Cultural Divisions Regional Divide: Urban vs. Country Class Divisions in A Classless Society The Theistic Divide: Science vs Religion The Nature of Man: Good, Evil, or Beyond Good and Evil? New Age Divide: Wiccan and Crystals: Filling a Cultural Vacuum Abortion Divide: What is a life? New Green Divide: Conservation, New Eden, or Armageddon? Immigration Divide: Elites vs. Workers The Labor and Family Divide: Men vs. Women LGTBQ: Acceptance vs. Normalization, Internal Divisions Part 3: Values The Elephant and The Rider (This will be updated) 6 values of culture – Haidt Competition: Equality vs. Equity Preference or Fundamental Difference Ancient Wisdom - virtues, True Detachment, East vs West Struggle and Self Correction Cultural Confidence: Certainty, Necessity, Completeness Institutions – on the left and on the right Part 4: Methods and Tactics The Hand that Rocks the Cradle: Mandatory Government Education Parents, College and Authority Transference Will to Power: Hammer and Nails From The Prince and The Tao of War to Alinsky Racism and Networks of Power Paranoia and Conspiracy Theories Sins of the Nation: Guilt Persuasion Good Intentions: Riding a Wave to Power Part 5: Resolution Future Wars: Progress and Time Why the Left Fails – Permanent Revolution Why the Right Fails - Complacency Revolution Cycles: The Pragmatists and The Idealists Nock's Solution: Political Causes: Malevolence, Incompetence, and Stupidity The Remnant
The first issue of the publication depicts the impacts of Caulerpa taxifolia, a genetically altered seaweed which is colonising large areas of the marine environment in an uncontrollable way. The green alga, mutated by exposure to chemicals and ultraviolet light, has shown dangerous capabilities allowing it to adapt, colonise, and threaten multiple biotopes. Accidentally released into the Mediterranean Sea around 1984, it has now colonised more than 30 000 ha around the Mediterranean basin. It has also been spotted in southern Australia and on the west coast of the United States, where various methods are being tested to eradicate this seaweed to avoid its uncontrolled spread as in the Mediterranean Sea. Related items
Hop plant How it is grown, details on the plant, all the technical information from installation to harvest. Hop plant The hop is a perennial flowering plant, belongs to the family of the Cannabaceae and can reach 7 meters in height with a duration of about 25 years. It grows spontaneously along the banks of the rivers at the edge of the woods, in cool and not too much areas, up to 1200 meters above sea level, with fertile and well drained soils. The cultivation of hops began in IX Century in England: although it was already known as a plant, until then nobody had thought to cultivate it intensely. In Italy, the agronomist Gaetano Pasquì from Forlì introduces hop cultivation and explains its precious quality since 1860. Today 1 kg of hops is sold to breweries at variable prices between € 15,00 and € 100,00 (or even more for a particularly valuable variety). Definitely a profitable market. In recent years hop market has grown a lot thanks to production chain of beer and two are the main reasons for this success. The first is that the hop give an excellent aroma and fragrance and the well-known bitter note to beer. The second is that hop act as natural preservatives thanks to the beer and allowing it to maintain its organoleptic characteristics. Precisely this conservative property favoured the transport, the diffusion and the conservation of the beer all around the world: indeed, before using the hops, the beer produced was destined only for local use. Valente hop system Valente hop system consists of a tensile structure made of pre-stressed concrete piles, connected to each other by wires and steel ropes held in tension by special anchors fixed in the ground. Pile sections in a hop garden, on average, are higher in size and strength than the traditional pile section for orchard and vineyard. This choice is motivated by the need to reach high heights to promote maximum plant productivity. Valente system, complete with accessories designed specifically for hops, allows maximum production efficiency to be achieved by increasing the number of plants in the same area. Hop plants can be positioned both along the line of piles and between the rows (where there are no piles), securing in any case the stability of the structure even at full load. In Italy we have an undisputed leadership, Valente is the first and only company that has structured itself with a certain know-how and products to provide specific solutions for hops. Valente works with Mrhops on systems relating to hop cultivation. This way, growers can have one single point of reference for the entire production process from purchasing plants (from the many variants available) to choosing a system. Valente also established a partnership with the Tuscia University in Viterbo. The company sponsors the research for a new hop plant that seems to have promising results. Other products in this category Fill in the following form and you will automatically receive the data sheet at your email address. Scheda tecnica ENG Privacy * Fill in the following form and you will receive an answer from our staff as soon as possible Contatti ENG Type of implant * Privacy *
From ARRSEpedia Jump to: navigation, search A TLA meaning Prisoner Of War. Notable POW references throughout history: • Classical Period: Extreme brutality where thousands of early POW's would be blinded or even killed to make a point to the opponents. Greeks and Persians notable in their brutality to each other and even to themselves. • Roman: Tended to take captives with intention of killing them later in gladiatoral arenas. Mostly just killed you as you fled/surrendered. • Dark Ages/Medieval: Captives tended to get no better treatment than they did in Roman times. If you were a knob, you could offer to be ransomed. If you did, your family better have some dosh. • Renaissance: Things started to get a bit more civilized in that surrendering didn't get you slaughtered out of hand. Ottoman Turks for all their brutal reputation were quite fair about accepting surrender. Even fairer if you took to supporting Allah. • World War 2: Notable for British POW's frequent (and successful) escape attempts from German prisoner of war camps. Turned into some excellent films where British servicemen get the credit they deserve rather than Hollywood stealing their stories to glamorize spam actors. Tragedy in the Far East theatre where a completely different mind set (a surrendered opponent is less than human - a holdover from Samurai period) resulted in appalling treatment of Allied POW's by the Japanese. • Vietnam: Many Americans still believe to this day that not all the POW's (in particular USAF aircrew) were returned at the end of this conflict. US POW's treated very badly in the 'Hanoi Hilton'. • Gulf War: US not doing so well in this conflict re treating POW's well what with Guantanamo Bay and Abu Graib. Not that US captives are treated well by the insurgents in Iraq - usually tortured follwed by death.
Microsoft KB Archive/24953 From BetaArchive Wiki Knowledge Base Phase Errors May Be Caused By Forward References Article ID: 24953 Article Last Modified on 10/17/2003 • Microsoft Macro Assembler 1.25 • Microsoft Macro Assembler 1.27 • Microsoft Macro Assembler 4.0 • Microsoft Macro Assembler 4.0 • Microsoft Macro Assembler 5.0 • Microsoft Macro Assembler 5.1 Standard Edition This article was previously published under Q24953 Phase errors indicate that a relative address of a label changed between pass 1 and pass 2 of the assembly process. They usually are caused by improper forward references to labels. During pass 1, the assembler will have to make assumptions (e.g. it might assume a near jump during pass 1 if the location of a label is not known). During pass 2, the assembler may have to change those assumptions (e.g. now it knows that the jump is to a far label). If this involves changing the size of an instruction, that difference can cause a phase error. To examine the assumptions made by the assembler on pass 1, use the /D option to get a pass 1 listing. Phase errors can usually be prevented by using segment overrides or explicit type specification, as shown in the following examples: jmp dword ptr far_label ;jump to far label mov ax, word ptr label Additional query words: 1.25 1.27 3.0x 4.00 5.00 5.10 Keywords: KB24953
Microsoft KB Archive/42773 From BetaArchive Wiki PRB: Opening a C File When Disk Is Write-Protected The information in this article applies to: • The C Run-Time (CRT), included with: • Microsoft C/C++ for MS-DOS, versions 5.1, 6.0, 6.0a, 6.0ax, 7.0 • Microsoft Visual C++, versions 1.0, 1.5 Under MS-DOS, a program can open an existing file for both read and write when the floppy disk is write-protected. The following statement may be used to open the file: handle = open( "a:\\test.dat", O_RDWR \| O_TRUNC ); No error condition is returned and no hard error occurs. Later, however, when the program tries to write to the file handle or even to close the file without writing, a hard error will occur with the following message: Writing protect error writing drive A: Abort, Retry, Fail? This is not a problem with the open() function in the Microsoft C run-time library. The low-level MS-DOS function call that is used to implement open() does not check for a write-protect error. When the file is to be closed by close(), the internal buffer has to be flushed to the disk. No low-level MS-DOS function can close a file without flushing its associated buffer. There is no direct way to detect the write-protect condition. An indirect workaround is to open a file with the mode to be O_CREAT, as follows: open ( "a:\\", O_CREAT, S_IWRITE \| S_IREAD) ; A hard error will occur, which can be captured by a user-implemented and installed hard-error handler. This handler will override the printing of the hard-error message on the user screen. The open() function does return -1 when it regains the control from the hard-error handle. If the file was opened successfully, it may be removed at the end of the program. Sample Code The following sample program demonstrates checking of a write- protected disk: /* Compile options needed: none #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys\types.h> #include <sys\stat.h> #include <io.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <dos.h> void far handler ( unsigned, unsigned, unsigned far * ) ; #define PROTECTED 1 #define OTHER 2 int Flag = 0 ; char * ChkName = "a:\\qwlbqwsi.ufp" ; /* dummy file name / void main( ) int FileHandle; _harderr ( handler ); / set up hard-error handler / FileHandle = open ( ChkName, O_CREAT, S_IWRITE \| S_IREAD ); if( FileHandle == -1 ) / check write-protection / switch( Flag ) / may be set by handler / case PROTECTED : puts( "Disk in drive A: is write-protected." ); case OTHER : puts( "Another hard-error has occurred." ); default : puts( "Error opening file (non hard-error.)" ); puts( "Disk is not write-protected." ); close( FileHandle ); remove( ChkName ); / delete the file / / Hard error routine should be as short as possible / void far handler ( unsigned deverror, unsigned errcode, unsigned far devhdr ) if( errcode == 0 ) Flag = PROTECTED; Flag = OTHER; /* like drive door is open */ _hardretn( 0 ); NOTE: The argument 0 to _hardretn() is not significant in this program. Please refer to your Microsoft C run-time library reference manual for more specific information regarding the _hardretn() function. Additional query words: 1.00 1.50 5.10 6.00 6.00a 6.00ax 7.00 Keywords : kb16bitonly kbprb Issue type : kbprb Technology : kbVCsearch kbAudDeveloper kbCRT Last Reviewed: May 8, 2001
How Did C-Sections Begin, and Why are they so Common? How did c-sections begin, and why are they so common? This is a question on the minds of many, including healthcare professionals, lawmakers, and individuals like you. A recent article published in Slate online examines the origins of c-sections in the United States, as well as various factors that may have contributed to steady increases in the procedure’s use. At Birth Injury Guide, we like to provide information that is useful and interesting. Read on to learn more about the history of c-sections, what factors may have led to its rise, and what you need to know about making healthcare choices that are best for you and your family. A History of Cesarean Sections Cesarean sections, or C-sections as they are commonly known, originated in the U.S. in the early 19th century, and continued to become more common as medical advances made the procedure safer. The first recorded account of a c-section in U.S. history was in 1830. Dr. John L. Richmond went to the rural home of an Ohio family to assist in delivering their child. The woman had been in labor for hours and had fits of convulsions and fainting between contractions. Dr. Richmond administered laudanum and sulphuric ether to help with the convulsions, but was unable to determine why labor was not progressing. Dr. Richmond decided that a c-section was the best course of action to hopefully save the mother and child. As friends and family watched, Dr. Richmond made an incision, but couldn’t pull the baby out. In intense pain, the mother begged for him to stop searching through her uterus to locate the baby. Based on the ethics of the time, a horrifying decision was made. Dr. Richmond delivered the baby in pieces through the c-section incision, opting to save the mother’s life. The horrifying ordeal did save the mother’s life, and she returned to work in less than one month following the procedure. A thorough examination after she healed revealed that she had an “abnormally shallow vagina with no discernible cervical opening”. During the 19th century, physicians were trained to allow childbirth to happen as naturally as possible. Medical intervention was to be facilitated as needed. Physicians were also trained on the premise that saving the mother’s life was paramount to that of the child. C-sections were only to be used in dire circumstances and as a last resort. The 20th century brought about a shift in mindset. A greater focus was placed on saving the life of the child, as well as the mother. Physicians became increasingly concerned with infant mortality rates, and the federal government became more involved. Physicians developed diagnostic tools like the Bishop and Apgar scores. Advances in medicine had changed the way that women were treated during childbirth, including medications administered. C-Sections Become Increasingly Common In the early days of the 20th century, c-sections were still very rare. By the 1960’s, however, there was a stark increase in the number of c-sections performed in the U.S. Between 1965 and 1987, c-section rates had increased by 455 percent. Today, an estimated one in every three babies are born via c-section – a number which is twice the recommended 10-15 percent established by the World Health Organization. During the mid 20th century there was also an increase in public attention to issues like childbirth and c-sections, largely thanks to the media who covered notable medical events among people like Jackie Kennedy. Some people believe that increased attention and cultural factors may be part of the reason why the number of c-sections began to increase during these years. Another possible reason why c-sections have increased is advances in technology. As electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) became a standard in hospitals, the decision to perform a c-section or not was determined by doctors’ interpretation of the monitor results. Over time, doctors relied on the information provided by EFM in making their decisions about labor and delivery. Advances in technology have come a long way toward identifying possible health risks to mother and child, however, which can help doctors determine when a c-section is medically necessary. Today, doctors can use innovative diagnostic tools to monitor pregnancy, test for possible diseases, and administer treatments during pregnancy. Doctors also have many more tools at their disposal in terms of helping the childbirth process proceed in the safest way possible. Doctors and mothers have much greater information and control over the process. C-Sections in Today’s Medical Environment Today, c-sections are so common they have been called “unremarkable”. Many women are given the option of an elective c-section, meaning that they can choose to have a c-section rather than allowing labor and delivery to occur naturally. There are supporters and opponents to this idea, but many believe the decision should be left up to the woman. There are also many doctors who prefer c-section deliveries, as well as some hospitals with higher rates of c-sections than others. There are many reasons for these variables, and it can be difficult to make sense of all the information. With such a great focus on increases in c-sections and questions of whether the procedure is overused, many women have questions about how to prepare for labor and delivery, and what choices they should make. One maternal-fetal medicine specialist offers the following advice: • Remember that when you choose a doctor, you are also choosing a hospital. Doctors may be affiliated with one or more hospitals, so you should ask upfront what you can expect. • Research and evaluate available information about your doctor and his or her hospital of choice for deliveries. Look at reviews, c-section rates, and other information about their services. • When choosing a doctor or hospital, Recognize that some hospitals are better equipped than others in terms of labor and delivery, availability of specialists, and specialized departments like a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). • If you are determined to have a vaginal or natural birth, make sure your doctor knows your wishes and plans immediately. Together, you should create a birth plan that is on par with evidence-based practice, but is tailored to your individual situation and healthcare needs. C-Sections and Your Legal Rights While society may see c-sections as commonplace and elective, they are still a major surgical procedure with risks and consequences. As a patient, you have certain legal rights, and you deserve to know what they are, and how they may affect you as you make important healthcare decisions. To learn more about your rights, or if you have questions about medical malpractice or birth injuries, contact Birth Injury Guide today. Fill out our online form to schedule a free consultation with one of our skilled birth injury attorneys. Maia Watkins Page Medically Reviewed By Maia McSwiggan, MS, OTR/L Maia McSwiggan, MS, OTR/L, is an occupational therapist with experience in the clinical and hospital settings. Maia has extensive experience working with children. She is a regular medical reviewer for Birth Injury Guide. Birth Injury Guide Written By BIG Staff
The importance of sleep – Part II By October 29, 2018Health Tips Last week we learned some of the basics of sleep, including what makes us sleep. Today I thought we could talk about why sleep is so important, and how much sleep we really need. Why is sleep so important? The truth is that we don’t really know enough about why we sleep. However, we do have good research to show many of the benefits of sleep, and the problems associated with too little sleep. How does sleep affect your brain function and emotional health? the importance of sleepSleep is one of the things that keeps your brain functioning properly. Sleep deficiency actually changes the activity in some parts of the brain. Studies have shown that getting a good night’s sleep improves your ability to learn. Whether that is learning to play an instrument, a new language, perfecting your tennis game, learning math or reading, it is all improved with sleep. Other benefits shown in research include improved attention, decision making, problem solving, and creativity. Sleep deficiency has been linked to depression, suicide, and risk-taking behavior. There is also a direct link between sleep and the creation of long-term memories. You have untold numbers of short term memories every day. While you are sleeping, your brain determines what information can be discarded, and what is useful enough that it should be stored as long-term memories. If you are not getting enough sleep, your brain cannot move short-term memories into long-term storage. Your brain also uses the time during sleep to clear out the clutter of unimportant information gathered throughout the day, in order to prepare for another day of learning. What about your physical health? Here are a few of the physical problems associated with sleep deficiency… • Increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, kidney disease, diabetes, and stroke. • Increased risk of obesity, through several mechanisms. • Lower immune function, leading to trouble fighting common infections. • Sleep is important to support healthy growth and development in children and teens. What about productivity, performance, and safety? People who are sleep deficient are less productive at work and school, even with a loss of only 1-2 hours a night. They take longer to complete tasks, have a slower reaction time, and make more mistakes. If you are sleep deficient, you can have brief moments of sleep during the day, called microsleep. Have you ever driven somewhere and then realized that you don’t remember part of the trip? Maybe you had a brief episode of microsleep. Studies also show that being sleep deficient harms your ability to drive as much as, or maybe even more than, being drunk. Sleep deficiency has been linked to numerous tragic accidents involving planes, trains, and automobiles. An NTSB study focused on the effects of alcohol and drugs in trucking accidents actually showed that sleep deprivation was a much larger problem, with 40% of fatal accidents due to a simple lack of sleep. How much sleep do we need? Age Recommended Amount of Sleep Infants 4-12 months old 12-16 hours a day (includes night time and naps) 1-2 years old 11-14 hours a day (includes night time and naps) 3-5 years old 10-13 hours a day (includes night time and naps) 6-12 years old 10-12 hours per night 13-18 years old 9-10 hours per night Adults over 18 7-8 hours per night I hope I have convinced you of the significant importance of sleep on your health. Next week, we will talk about some strategies for getting the sleep that you need. If you have any questions about the importance of sleep, please log into your account and send us your question. We are here to help. Dr. Anita Bennett MD – Health Tip Content Editor Pin It on Pinterest Share This • Sign in to your account Forgot screen name or password? First time user? Register your account now. Register Now Need Assistance? Contact us at 1-866-525-3362
How to propagate butterfly pea Written by Maggie Jan 15 2021 How to propagate butterfly pea Butterfly pea can flower in full or half sun, but the plant is resistant to the cold. Its flowering period is relatively long, mostly in summer and autumn flowers, blue flowers in full bloom like butterflies flying. How does Butterfly pea propagate? Generally, Butterfly pea can be propagated by cutting. Next, let's see the steps of Butterfly pea cutting propagation method. Butterfly pea Butterfly Pea cutting propagation time Butterfly pea can propagate from spring to fall, and rooting from cuttings is relatively fast in late spring and early summer. Selection of Butterfly Pea Cuttings Choose healthy, short internode, full branches, 10-15 cm long when the top bud is cutting, the best branches with a top bud. When the tender shoots are cuttings, part of the leaves should be cut off to reduce water evaporation. Cutting propagation method of Butterfly pea Select the appropriate Flower pot, fill the pot with soil, and water thoroughly, put the treated cuttings into the soil. Generally speaking, cutting root time needs two to three weeks, after the root can be transplanted to a larger pot for seedling, root head out and then transplanted to the courtyard. The above are steps to propagate Butterfly pea by cutting, very simple, and hopefully to be helpful to you. Butterfly pea
Environmental Impact. Effects, Dangers of Plastic Bags Posted on October 26, 2017 \| Last Updated On: February 10th, 2021 by Disposable shopping bags are convenient, but they are a major source of waste and pollution in our society. In this guide, we will teach you about how plastic shopping bags damage the environment. We also will discuss alternatives to using plastic shopping bags. With this information, you will be able to make an impact in your community to reduce waste and pollution. Plastic Shopping Bag Pollution Plastic shopping bags present many problems to the world. Below are the biggest ones. Human Impact Plastic shopping bags on land are one of the most common types of litter. Build ups of huge quantities of plastic bags are well known to block local drainage systems, especially in developing countries. For example, the floods in Bangladesh 20 years ago were partially attributed to blockages in drainage systems from plastic shopping bags. Plastic shopping bags also pose health risks to human populations over the years as they leach toxins into water supplies. Plastic bags also are problematic to recycle. While the recyclable symbol of three arrows in a circle is on many plastic shopping bags in the US, it often is a marketing trick. There are no regulations about how that symbol is used, and every city and county in America has different regulations about what can be recycled. Many plastic bags that are collected by recycling companies cannot really be recycled. Most of these bags actually end up in landfills and sit there for hundreds of years. Animal Impact Midway Atoll in the North Pacific Ocean is the home of the biggest albatross colony on Earth. These birds fly there to next on these highly isolated islands, and they forage at sea, often hundreds of miles out, to look for food for offspring. Unfortunately, thousands of these precious birds have been found dead at Midway because they had ingested large amounts of plastic bag shards and pieces. All of the plastic that was found in these birds is brought to the island by adult birds who then feed it to young birds. It is estimated that four tons of plastic accumulates here daily. The majority of wildlife on Earth is in our seas and oceans. This means there are hundreds of other animals and birds who are at risk of injury and death by ingesting or being entangled in plastic bag flotsam. Floating plastic shopping bags can be mistaken to be jellyfish by marine animals who consume them. One species that is at risk from the bags are sea turtles. They risk extinction in part because of ingesting large amounts of plastics. Shards of plastic fester in the stomach because the plastic cannot be properly digested. An autopsy of the stomach of a beached whale found 20 square feet of plastic shopping bags that took up its whole stomach. Similar cases have been observed over the past few decades after plastic bags were introduced. Environmental Impact Litter from plastic bags is not just on land. Plastic shopping bags have heavily contributed to a huge amount of plastic debris found in the North Pacific Ocean. This is known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. It is estimated to be double the size of Hawaii, and could even be as large as the entire continental US. The Wild Studies Institute has reported that as all drains go to the ocean, 80% of this trash in the ocean originated from land. Kamilo Beach in Hawaii is often buried in several feet of plastic bags that washes in from the sea. There also is a joke in New York City, which uses a billion plastic bags per year, that the flower of the city is actually a plastic shopping bag stuck in a tree. What You Can Do to Reduce Use of Plastic Shopping Bags Clearly there is a problem with plastic shopping bags, but what can you do about it in your community? 1. Educate yourself about how plastic bags affect the world. As you can read above, plastic shopping bags are a huge environmental problem around the world and are causing huge issues that affect human and animal health. Also, educate your friends, family, neighbors and children about the impact plastic bags have on the world. 2. Use reusable shopping bags. Obviously, a major step is to use your own reusable shopping bags instead of plastic bags. Reusable shopping bags are available in many colors and styles. You also can buy them in various weights for different types of products, such as heavy cans and other weighty/bulky items. 3. If you have any plastic bags at home, reuse them. Plastic bags can be difficult to recycle, so it is wise to reuse plastic shopping bags at home for as long as you can. They are good to line small trash cans. 4. Find stores that offer a credit for using reusable bags. Some cities in the US have passed plastic bag bans and more are doing so every year. Some stores will offer a cash credit for bringing reusable bags. Ask the next time you are checking out if you can get a discount for using reusable shopping bags. 5. Count the plastic bags brought into your home in a week. When we actually count the number of bags we bring in weekly, it can spur us to take action. 6. Spread the word. Decline plastic bags at the checkout counter and remind the cashier and others around you that plastic bags hurt the environment. Yes, reusable shopping bags cost you initially, but they can be used endlessly and help the planet. 7. Fundraising. Reusable bags are extremely versatile, which makes the possibilities for fundraising virtually endless. You can sell them outright, use them in concert, school or college, community church or with another fundraiser, or even create themed gift totes by filling them up with an assortment of items. Plastic Bag Recycling Tips It is true that recycling plastic bags is problematic. That is the reason it is best to reuse plastic bags as much as possible. That said, there are ways that municipalities have been encouraging citizens to help them to recycle plastic bags. One of the ways that plastic bags can be recycled is to place them in the recycling bin, with one caveat. People need to wad up the plastic bags into roughly the size of a soccer ball in some cities and tie it. Then, you can place the bags in the recycling bin. If you follow these steps, most city recycling facilities in the US can recycle the bags. The problem is when people put individual bags into the recycling stream, and this action usually causes problems with recycling machinery. These steps may not apply to every jurisdiction. So, if you need to recycle some plastic bags, you should check with your city or town to determine how to do it in a way that is friendly to the environment. Hopefully, this article has made clear the dangers and problems with plastic bags, and what you can do to reduce the problem. Learn More To learn more about plastic pollution, consult the resources listed below. About the Author Douglas Lober Chief Product Specialist You have 0 item(s) in your quote. Your Quote can have up to 5 items. Submit Quote Now
Make Your Career Soar America’s Space Twins The crew occupied the RM which also contained navigation, communication, telemetry, electrical and reentry reaction control systems. The AM contained maneuver thrusters and the de-boost rocket system. The EM included the spacecraft orbit attitude control thrusters and the fuel cell system. Both the AM and EM were used in orbit only and discarded prior to entry. Gemini 3 splashed-down in the Atlantic Ocean at 19:16:31 UTC following a 3 orbit mission. The spacecraft landed 45 nautical miles short of the intended splashdown point due to a mis-prediction of aerodynamic lift. Although hot and sea-sick, Commander Grissom refused to open the spacecraft hatches until the recovery ship USS Intrepid came on station. Posted in Aerospace, History Remembering HYPER-X Flight 2 NASA initiated a technology demonstration program known as HYPER-X in 1996. The fundamental goal of the HYPER-X Program was to successfully demonstrate sustained supersonic combustion and thrust production of a flight-scale scramjet propulsion system at speeds up to Mach 10. The term scramjet stands for Supersonic Combustion RAMJET. The scramjet is a key to sustained hypersonic flight within the earth’s atmosphere. Whereas rockets are capable of producing large thrust magnitudes, both the duration of operation and the amount of thrust per unit propellant mass is low. In part, this is because a rocket has to carry its own fuel and oxidizer supplies. A scramjet is a much more efficient producer of thrust in that it only has to carry its fuel and uses the atmosphere as its oxidizer source. Rocket technology is a highly developed discipline with a deep experience and application base. In contradistinction, flight-scale scramjet technology is still in a developmental stage. Considerations such as initiating and sustaining stable combustion is a supersonic stream, efficient conversion of fuel chemical energy to kinetic energy, and optimal integration of the scramjet propulsion system into a hypersonic airframe are among the challenges that face designers. Posted in Aerospace, History Final Flight: USAF/Martin XB-51 Sixty-four years ago this month, the lone remaining USAF/Martin XB-51 light attack bomber prototype crashed during take-off from El Paso International Airport in Texas. The cause of the mishap was attributed to premature rotation of the aircraft leading to an unrecoverable stall. A product of the post-WWII 1940’s, the Martin XB-51 was envisioned as a jet-powered replacement for the piston-driven Douglas A-26 Invader. The swept-wing XB-51 utilized a unique propulsion system which consisted of a trio of General Electric J47 turbojets. Demonstrated top speed was 560 knots at sea level. The XB-51 was a good-sized airplane. With a length of 85 feet and a wing span of 53 feet, the XB-51 had a nominal take-off weight of around 56,000 lbs. The wings were swept 35 degrees aft and incorporated 6 degrees of anhedral. The latter feature to counter the large dihedral effect produced by the type’s tee-tail. A pair of XB-51 aircraft were built by Martin for USAF. Ship No. 1 (S/N 46-0685) first took to the air in October of 1949 followed by the flight debut of Ship No. 2 (S/N 46-0686) in April of 1950. The air crew consisted of a pilot who sat underneath a large, clear canopy and a navigator housed within the fuselage. While the XB-51 flew hundreds of hours in flight test and made many lasting contributions to the aviation field, the aircraft never went into production. This fate was primarily the result of having lost a head-to-head competitive fly-off against the English Electric Canberra B-57A light attack bomber in 1951. The No. 1 XB-51 aircraft was lost on Sunday, 25 March 1956 during take-off from El Paso International Airport. The mishap aircraft accelerated more slowly than normal and with the end of the runway coming up quickly, the pilot rotated the aircraft in a attempt to get airborne. Unfortunately, the rotation was premature and the wing stalled. The aircraft exploded on impact and the crew of USAF Major James O. Rudolph and Staff-Sargent Wilbur R. Savage were killed. The loss of the No. 1 XB-51 was preceded by the destruction of Ship No. 2 (S/N 46-0686) on Friday, 09 May 1952. That tragedy occurred during low-altitude aerobatic maneuvers at Edwards Air Force Base in California. The pilot, USAF Major Neil H. Lathrop, perished in the resulting post-impact explosion and inferno. As a footnote, the XB-51 was never assigned an official nickname by the Air Force. However, it was unofficially referred to in some aviation circles as the Panther. Due to its prominently-long fuselage, the less majestic monicker of “Flying Cigar” was sometimes used as well. Posted in Aerospace, Final Flight, History
You see, Larry came into the NBA at the perfect moment. Provincial; unsophisticated: a hick town. All Free. How to use hick in a sentence. Hick definition: If you refer to someone as a hick , you are saying in a rude way that you think they are... \| Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Larry actually gave himself that nickname. Generally used more for Midwesterners than Southerners (see: redneck) General defining characteristics of a hick: Protestant upbringing, usually Baptist; racist and sexist opinions; does not attend collage ; dumber than a post. Daze with Jordan the Lion Recommended for you 24:40 Nicknamed "The Hick from French Lick" and âLarry Legendâ, Bird is widely regarded as one of the greatest basketball players of all time. [After Hick, a nickname for Richard, from Middle English Hikke.] Translations of HICKS from English to French and index of HICKS in the bilingual analogic dictionary Learn more in the Cambridge English-French Dictionary. hick translate: plouc. A derogatory slang term for lower class whites raised in rural areas, usually within trailer parks or hog farms. The league was losing traction and people weren't interested in the sport anymore. Alan Hick, chef de la section "Emploi, affaires sociales, citoyenneté" du Comiété économique et social européen, à l'adresse [email protected] Nonetheless, Bulgaria needs to ke e p up t h e momentum in its preparation for accession. #843 LARRY BIRD's Hometown & House FRENCH LICK, IN - Jordan The Lion Daily Travel Vlog (11/27/18) - Duration: 24:40. Hick definition is - an unsophisticated provincial person. adj. Translation for 'hick' in the free English-Czech dictionary and many other Czech translations. Hicks is a patronymic name derived from son of Richard; the given name Richard became especially popular during the reign of Richard the Lion-hearted. hick - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. hick (hÄk) Informal n. A person regarded as unsophisticated, gullible, or coarse from having lived in the country: "New Yorkers had a horrid way of making people feel like hicks" (Louis Auchincloss). Larry Joe Bird (born December 7, 1956) is an American former professional basketball player, coach and executive in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Mhw Beginner Bow Build, La Dalia Smoked Paprika Canada, A50 Price In Afghanistan, Do Wild Birds Eat Kale, Kenwood Ksc-psw8 Install, Mars 2112 Woodfield Mall, Hydrogen Peroxide Dip For Aquarium Plants, Crispy Skin Baked Potato Microwave, Zinc Molar Mass, Logitech X100 Battery Life,
Chinese Independent Churches The Chinese Independent Churches are a major category of churches of Chinese people. During Missionary Council Meetings in the mid to late 19th century several Western missionaries started advocating for the Chinese Christians to become independent instead of relying on outside support and funds. This idea was supported and accelerated after the disastrous Boxer Rebellion. During the incident, 48 Catholic missionaries and 18000 members were martyred while 182 Protestant missionaries and 500 Chinese Christians were martyred. From: Wikipedia Logos Almanac of the Christian World Welcome, Guest! (sign in)
Question: Was The National Assembly Successful? What political success did the National Assembly achieve because of the revolution? What were the achievements of the National Assembly? The achievements of the National Assembly included the abolition of feudalism, serfdom, and class privileges. The National Assembly also passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which became the founding document of the French Revolution. What was the outcome of the National Assembly? Following the storming of the Bastille on July 14, the National Assembly became the effective government and constitution drafter that ruled until passing the 1791 Constitution, which turned France into a constitutional monarchy. What is the significance of National Assembly? The National Assembly played a major role in the French Revolution. It represented the common people of France (also called the Third Estate) and demanded that the king make economic reforms to insure that the people had food to eat. What was the national assembly replaced by? Why did the Legislative Assembly fail? In the short time that the Legislative Assembly existed, it struggled to pass reforms, faced the threat of war from other European nations and had to deal with lingering economic issues. Therefore, the Legislative Assembly dissolved in September of 1792 and was replaced by the much more radical National Convention. How was the National Assembly created? The National Assembly It was a revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate of the Estates-General. … This “tennis court oath” was both a revolutionary act and an assertion that political authority derived from the people and their representatives, rather than from the monarch. What was the greatest achievement of National Assembly? What was the greatest achievement of the National Assembly convened in France 1789?? give only 1 mark answerIt adopted the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen.It upheld the equality of all before the law and freedom of speech and expression.More items…• Which estate was declared as the National Assembly? What was the first legislative assembly? In Jamestown, Virginia, the first elected legislative assembly in the New World—the House of Burgesses—convenes in the choir of the town’s church. … On July 30, the House of Burgesses (an English word for “citizens”) convened for the first time. How did the National Assembly pay off debt? The NATIONAL ASSEMBLY VOTED to PAY OFF government DEBT by INCREASING TAXES, REDUCING EXPENSES, and/or BOTH. What was the model of the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen? SUFFRAGE. Who was the leader of the National Assembly? Presidents of the National Constituent Assembly (1789–1791)PresidentBeganEndedJean-Joseph Mounier28 September 178910 October 1789Emmanuel Marie Michel Philippe Fréteau de Saint-Just10 October 178928 October 1789Armand Gaston Camus28 October 178912 November 1789Jacques Guillaume Thouret12 November 178923 November 178959 more rows Who were allowed to vote for the formation of National Assembly? The right to elect the members of the National Assembly was not given to all. Only the active citizens, who paid taxes equal to at least 3days of a labour’s wage had the right to vote. Who made up the legislative assembly? The Legislative Assembly was formed under the Constitution of 1791, which created a constitutional monarchy with Louis XVI as the head of state. 3. The Assembly contained 745 deputies. Almost half were Jacobin republicans while the rest were Feuillants (constitutional monarchists) and political moderates. What was the main object of National Assembly? The main objective of the National Assembly in France while drafting the constitution was to limit the powers of the monarch. The powers were no longer concentrated in the hands of a single person, instead they were distributed between the legislature, executive and judiciary. It made France a constitutional monarchy.
Table of Contents 1. Preface 2. Introduction to Data Transformation 3. Data Processor Transformation 4. Wizard Input and Output Formats 5. Relational Input and Output 6. Using the IntelliScript Editor 7. XMap 8. Libraries 9. Schema Object 10. Command Line Interface 11. Scripts 12. Parsers 13. Script Ports 14. Document Processors 15. Formats 16. Data Holders 17. Anchors 18. Transformers 19. Actions 20. Serializers 21. Mappers 22. Locators, Keys, and Indexing 23. Streamers 24. Validators, Notifications, and Failure Handling 25. Validation Rules 26. Custom Script Components Comparison Between Actions and Transformers Comparison Between Actions and Transformers Some actions perform operations that are similar to transformers, for example, modifying a string or querying a database. However, actions differ from transformers in some fundamental ways. The following table summarizes the differences: The input of a transformer is a single string. The input is implemented by the action. An action can have multiple inputs. The inputs can be data holders. The output of a transformer is a string. The output is implemented by the action. For example, an action can create output data holders. Side effects A transformer has no side effects, other than modifying the input string. An action can have side effects, such as updating a database. Updated February 12, 2020
How Do You Convert UTC To Local Time In Excel? What does UTC time mean? What country is UTC time zone? List of time zones by countrySovereign stateNo. of time zonesTime zoneSpain2UTC±00:00 (WET) — Canary Islands UTC+01:00 (CET) — main territory of SpainUkraine2UTC+02:00 (EET) — most of the country UTC+03:00 — Donetsk and Luhansk regionsAfghanistan1UTC+04:30Albania1UTC+01:00 (CET)108 more rows Why did UTC replace GMT? How do I convert Zulu Time to local time in Excel? Convert UTC/GMT time to local time with formulas (2) The formula =A2 + (9 / 24) will return a decimal number. For converting the decimal number to time, please select the decimal number, and click Home > Number Format > Time. What UTC is Atlanta? Offset to GMT/UTCStandard time zone:UTC/GMT -5 hours (Eastern Standard Time)Daylight saving time:+1 hourCurrent time zone offset:UTC/GMT -4:00 hours (Eastern Daylight Time)Time zone abbreviation:EDT How do I convert time to different time zones in Excel? To convert GMT to any other time zone, add or subtract the difference in hours divided by 24. Select the cell where you want the new time to appear, type =, followed by the cell containing the GMT and then add or subtract the time difference divided by 24. Press Enter. How do you read UTC time? To convert 18 UTC into your local time, subtract 6 hours, to get 12 CST. During daylight saving (summer) time, you would only subtract 5 hours, so 18 UTC would convert to 13 CDT. Or, let’s say you’re in Paris, France, which is in Central European Time. To convert 18 UTC into your local time, add 1 hour, to get 19 CET. Is GMT and UTC the same? Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is often interchanged or confused with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). … Although GMT and UTC share the same current time in practice, there is a basic difference between the two: GMT is a time zone officially used in some European and African countries. Can Excel convert time zones? If you want to convert date time from Beijing Time to Pacific Standard Time, you need to subtract 16 hours from the Beijing Time with formula: =A2- (16/24). … These formulas can be applied universally in every time zone conversion if you know the time difference between the time zones. What are the 6 time zones in the USA? How far ahead is est from GMT? five hoursGMT is five hours ahead of EST, or Eastern Standard Time, which is the time zone used by cities such as New York. Which country has 0 timezone? Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) has no offset from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). This time zone is in use during standard time in: Europe, Africa, North America, Antarctica. This time zone is often called Greenwich Mean Time. Why is UTC called Zulu time? All aspects of meteorology are based upon a world-wide 24-hour clock called Zulu time (Z), more commonly called Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). … The Zulu term stems from military usage while Coordinated Universal Time is the civilian term for this 24-hour clock. What states are 3 hours behind us? How do you convert UTC time to local time? Where does UTC time start? UT Started in 1884 The reference line or starting point, the Prime Meridian, was determined to be the transit circle at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London. The transit circle is a part of the telescope’s mechanics and it is still cited as the prime meridian’s original reference (0° longitude). How many time zones are there? 24 times zonesThe world is divided longitudinally into time zones, with each hour difference roughly 15 degrees apart. Due to some countries have half hour time zones, there are more than 24 times zones in the world. The starting point at which Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) starts is the Prime Meridian (zero degrees longitude). What is UTC time in USA? WarningLocationLocal TimeUTC OffsetUTC (Time Zone)Monday, August 24, 2020 at 7:53:42 pmUTCMountain View (USA – California)Monday, August 24, 2020 at 12:53:42 pmUTC-7 hours How do I calculate time change in Excel? Another simple technique to calculate the duration between two times in Excel is using the TEXT function:Calculate hours between two times: =TEXT(B2-A2, “h”)Return hours and minutes between 2 times: =TEXT(B2-A2, “h:mm”)Return hours, minutes and seconds between 2 times: =TEXT(B2-A2, “h:mm:ss”)
What is symbrachydactyly? Symbrachydactyly is a rare congenital hand defect in which the fingers are abnormally short and webbed or conjoined. The bones, muscles, ligaments, and nerves of the hand are usually affected. The roots of the word are from the Greek “syn/sym” (joined), “brachy” (short), and “dactyl” (finger, digit). Symbrachydactyly occurs in about one out of every 32,000 babies. It affects boys and girls equally. There are different levels of the condition: 1. The thumb is essentially normal, but the remaining fingers are short and stiff and can be webbed (least severe). 2. Only the thumb or the thumb and little finger are present (moderately severe). 3. All the fingers are missing, and small skin stumps are located where fingers should have developed (most severe). What causes symbrachydactyly? Most cases of symbrachydactyly happen for no known reason and without any other abnormalities in the child. It isn’t thought to be inherited. In some cases, symbrachydactyly is an accompanying defect in a genetic syndrome called Poland syndrome, in which there is underdevelopment of the chest muscle on one side of the body. What are the symptoms of symbrachydactyly? Symbrachydactyly is visible at, or shortly after, birth. Sometimes it is seen on ultrasound before birth. Your child’s fingers will be short and webbed. In severe cases, your child’s fingers will be small stumps of skin and soft tissue. Because of these differences, your child may have trouble using the affected hand. How we care for symbrachydactyly Our Orthopedic Center is nationally known as the preeminent center for the care of children and young adults with a wide range of developmental, congenital, neuromuscular, sports related, traumatic, and post-traumatic problems of the musculoskeletal system.
City of Memphis Ancient Egyptian history divided into thirty dynasties, from Menes to Alexander the Great, by an Egyptian priest called Manetho, in the reign of Ptolemy 2nd, 285 to 247B.C. The dynasties do not always follow genealogical order; they sometimes present a politico-religious change. However, the thirty dynasties have grouped into three Great Periods which are clearly defined: The Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. However, Memphis was the chosen headquarters of Narmer, who united Upper and Lower Egypt and founded the 1sr dynasty. Also, it is known as the White Wall and strategically situated near the border between the two lands. At first, it was probably no more than a simple fortification. All the pharaohs of the 1st dynasty had two tombs: One at Thinis near Abydos in Upper Egypt, and the other on the Saqqara plateau west of Memphis. In the early dynastic period, the precedent for pharaohs to construct their burial grounds in the vicinity of their palaces seems to have set, and it is quite probable that Memphis was the site of the royal residence. During the first two hundred years after the so-called unification, there was grave political unrest in the country. Successive pharaohs, who all bora a traditional Horus title, tried to consolidate the union by combining the different traditions of Upper and Lower Egypt. In an attempt to create a single common culture, the white crown of Upper Egypt and the red crown of Lower Egypt combined into a Double crown. Memphis features prominently as a populous and enterprising city in the 5th dynasty. Its central districts were the Whitewall, The south wall, and the house of the spirit of Ptah with its sacred enclosure where the Apis bull enjoyed privacy and protection. When Saqqara became a royal burial ground, fine-quality funerary furniture and equipment produced. Since the chief artisan of Memphis was also the High Priest of Ptah, the local deity soon seen as a patron deity of the arts; the inspiration behind metal worker, carpenter, potter, jeweler, and sculptor. Artisans from neighboring areas were attracted to the opportunities for work in Memphis, and its boundaries expanded. Two neighboring areas thus are drawn into its orbit. One was a settlement in which you’re Sekhmet, the lion-goddess, and the other Nefertum, the lotus-god. Combined they formed the Memphite triad of Ptah, the chief deity, Sekhmet his consort, and Nefertum, his son. As befitted the increased popularity and influence of a local deity. So, priests were recruited from the local population to maintain the temple of Path and to accept offerings on behalf of the gods. The city of Memphis was the first capital of Egypt during the Pharaonic era. The town is famous for its beautiful palm trees which used by the locals to create goods such as furniture, baskets and mats. For centuries the exact location of Memphis had forgotten. Nowadays the area of Memphis it contains ruins of monuments of many kings also, it includes a museum to house the biggest statue of the great king Ramesses 2nd. Take a Tour To Memphis You may also like...
In Matthew 11:12, Jesus said, "And from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force." Luke 16:16 is often given as a companion scripture: "The law and the prophets were until John: since that time the kingdom of God is preached, and every man presseth into it." Charles Spurgeon once preached a sermon on one interpretation of this scripture (as have others), but many have looked at this scripture in different ways. In your answers to this question, please elaborate on the meaning of violence in Matthew 11:12, and how the kingdom was or is taken by force. Matthew 11:12-14 NET: Luke 16:16 NET: You'll notice in the NET Bible, instead of as it appears in the KJV in the Matthew passage, you have ". . . the kingdom of heaven has suffered violence, and forceful people lay hold of it." There is not a great difference between the two translations, but the NET does soften violent to forceful, and by force to lay hold of. Here is what Constable says in his commentary on this passage in the NET Bible: "Probably Jesus meant that the religious leaders of His day were trying to bring in the kingdom in their own carnal way while refusing to accept God’s way that John and Jesus announced. This view explains satisfactorily Jesus’ reference to the period from the beginning of John’s ministry to when He spoke. Ever since John began his ministry of announcing Messiah the Jewish religious leaders had opposed him." Clearly, the reception Jesus received up to this point in His public ministry was anything but pleasant. Quite the opposite in fact. We read in Luke 4:29-30 NIV, What had set His fellow Jews in the synagogue off, to the extent they wanted to kill Him? In context, it was Jesus' words about their failure to believe His message of the kingdom, which was to "proclaim the year of the Lord's favor" (ibid., v.19). In His hometown synagogue Jesus spoke of the people to whom He came, and they were not the gatekeepers in Judaism; rather, Jesus came to preach good news to • the poor • the prisoners • the blind • the oppressed Many of the overtly religious people in Jesus' day would hardly identify with the underclass of humanity the way Jesus did. Jesus knew this, which is why in the synagogue He goaded them further by reminding them of the spiritual nadir to which the Israel had sunk in the days of Elijah and Elisha. "'Yet Elijah was not sent to any of them, but to a widow in Zarephath in the region of Sidon. And there were many in Israel with leprosy in the time of Elisha the prophet, yet not one of them was cleansed--only Naaman the Syrian.'" All the people in the synagogue were furious when they heard this . . ." (ibid, vv.26-28). The very suggestion by Jesus that God would rather reach out to the Gentiles with His loving provision for a widow and His healing powers for a leper infuriated Jesus' listeners in the synagogue that day. The inferred correctly what Jesus was implying: the Gentiles of their day who believed his message were worthier of God's news than they were! All this to say that the religious establishment within Judaism--the Pharisees, the Sadducees, the scribes and the experts in the law--were the perpetrators of the violence to which Jesus referred. As Constable put it, "Moreover in 23:13 Jesus accused the scribes and Pharisees of trying to seize the reins of kingdom power from Messiah to lead the kingdom as they wanted it to go. They also snatched the kingdom from the people by rejecting the Messiah. The imprisonment of John was another evidence of violent antagonism against the kingdom, but that opposition came from Herod Antipas. John and Jesus both eventually died at the hands of these violent men" (my emphasis). Here is Matthew 23:13: By failing to accept Jesus' offer of a kingdom within the hearts of people, not only were the hypocritical religionists in Jesus' day not entering that kingdom but they were doing everything in their power to prevent others from entering as well. Obviously, Jesus' enemies were more interested in maintaining their power and influence within Judaism than they were in submitting to the King of the peaceable kingdom, none other than Jesus of Nazareth. The meaning of "violence" in Matt. 11:12 depends upon how one understands the Greek verb βιάζεται (a form of βιάζω). Different ideas are expressed by βιάζεται, and how it's understood depends on if the reader interprets it reflexively, passively, or in another manner. For example: "So then in Matt. 11:12 the form can be either middle or passive and either makes sense, though a different sense. The passive idea is that the kingdom is forced, is stormed, is taken by men of violence [who] seize it like a conquered city. The middle voice may mean ... 'forces its way' like a rushing mighty wind" (Robertson's Word Pictures in the NT). "Suffereth violence (βιάζεται). Lit., is forced, overpowered, taken by storm" (Vincent's Word Studies). You might want to consult the approved biblical commentary of your preferred religious organization to see how they spun βιάζεται. • 5 Defering to doctrinal frameworks is great in principle, but you seem to dodge the bullet a little early here. Interpretation in not done in a vacuum, but it isn't pure 'spin' either. What are the possibilities and what factors have to be in place to interpret the word one way or another? It seems like there should be more groundwork done in the text itself before layering on doctrinal considerations. – Caleb Feb 21 '14 at 23:14 The Peshitta, which is the New Testament in Hebrew (and which came under the guardianship of the Eastern Church), brings the following words to this verse from Matthew 11:12 וּמִימֵי יוֹחָנָן הַמַּטְבִּיל וְעַד עַתָּה מַלְכוּת הַשָּׁמַיִם נִלְקַחַת בְּכֹחַ וְהַחֲזָקִים חוֹטְפִים אוֹתָהּ From the days of John the Immerser until now the kingdom of heaven is received with power and the brave cling to it. Matthew 11:12 Where words in Hebrew have the following meanings: מַלְכוּת הַשָּׁמַיִם - means "kingdom of heaven"; נִלְקַחַת - which means both "taken" (in the same passive voice, because it is in the verbal construction called the nifal), or "received." The context shows that in this verse of Matthew the correct is to translate as "received." בְּכֹחַ - which means "with power." This power is the power of the kingdom of heaven, which is a mighty kingdom! וְהַחֲזָקִים - And the brave - see that the brave noun has nothing to do with violence or ferocity, but embraces a sense of bravery, which is not physical strength but courage. חוֹטְפִים - (reads rotefim) - The verb לַחְטוֹף "lartof" means both "to take" and "to cling to." Source: https://brasilgospel.club/jesus/joao-batista/o-reino-dos-ceus-e-tomado-a-forca/ The verse in question appears in a section of "Matthew" that runs from 11:2 to 11:19. The passage is Jesus' commentary on the ministry of John: Mat 11:7 As they were leaving, Jesus began to speak to the crowds about John. "What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken by the wind? The "teachable moment" occurred because John had sent some of his disciples to ask Jesus to confirm that he intended to fulfill John's expectations for the Anointed of God, including, we are led to infer, the violent expulsion of Roman rule from Jerusalem. Mat 11:2 Now when John in prison heard about the activities of the Messiah, he sent a message by his disciples Mat 11:3 and asked him, "Are you the Coming One, or should we wait for someone else?" We know that a revolutionary fervor was in the air and John announced that Jesus would right the wrong of the oppression of the Jews: Luk 3:15 Now the people were filled with expectation, and all of them were wondering if John was perhaps the Messiah. Luk 3:16 John replied to all of them, "I am baptizing you with water, but one is coming who is more powerful than I, and I'm not worthy to untie his sandal straps. It is he who will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. Luk 3:17 His winnowing fork is in his hand to clean up his threshing floor. He will gather the grain into his barn, but he will burn the chaff with inextinguishable fire." Joh 1:29 The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, "Look, the Lamb of God who [violently] takes away the sin of the world! Jesus' response was to show that he was fulfilling the Messianic mission but in peaceful ways: Mat 11:4 Jesus answered them, "Go and tell John what you hear and observe: Mat 11:5 the blind see, the lame walk, lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the destitute hear the good news. Mat 11:6 How blessed is anyone who is not offended by me!" Jesus gives a speech about John that portrays him as not being just another "stuffed suit" but rather the mightiest of the prophets of the closing age and the civil engineer of the Messianic age: Mat 11:7 As they were leaving, Jesus began to speak to the crowds about John. "What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken by the wind? Mat 11:8 Really, what did you go out to see? A man dressed in fancy clothes? See, those who wear fancy clothes live in kings' houses. Mat 11:9 Really, what did you go out to see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, and even more than a prophet! Mat 11:10 This is the man about whom it is written, 'See, I am sending my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way before you.' Mat 11:11 I tell you with certainty, among those born of women no one has appeared who is greater than John the Baptist. Yet even the least important person in the kingdom from heaven is greater than he. It is at this juncture that Jesus speaks of the violent nature of John's ministry saying that the time of John's violent image of salvation was being superseded by the kinder and gentler new order: Mat 11:12 "From the days of John the Baptist until the present, the kingdom from heaven has been forcefully advancing, and violent people have been attacking it, Mat 11:13 because the Law and all the Prophets prophesied up to the time of John. "Matthew", ever anxious to see the new build exponentially on the old suggests that the Jewish anticipation of the arrival of Elijah is misguided and they need no further than to John who came in the "spirit [speech] and power of Elijah": Luk 1:13 But the angel told him, "Stop being afraid, Zechariah, because your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you are to name him John. Luk 1:14 You will have great joy, and many people will rejoice at his birth, Luk 1:15 because he will be great in the Lord's presence. He will never drink wine or any strong drink, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit even before he is born. Luk 1:16 He will bring many of Israel's descendants back to the Lord their God. Luk 1:17 He is the one who will go before the Lord with the spirit and power of Elijah to turn the hearts of parents to their children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous, and to prepare the people to be ready for the Lord." Mat 11:14 If you are willing to accept it, he is Elijah who is to come. Mat 11:15 Let the person who has ears listen! Mat 17:10 So the disciples asked him, "Why, then, do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?" Mat 17:11 He answered them, "Elijah is indeed coming and will restore all things. Mat 17:12 But I tell you that Elijah has already come, yet people did not recognize him and treated him just as they pleased. In the same way, the Son of Man is going to suffer at their hands." Mat 17:13 Then the disciples understood that he had been speaking to them about John the Baptist. So the key to understanding Jesus' words about "violence" here it is important to consider the context which is clearly about the ministry of John. John, like all before him hoped for the arrival of the Messiah who would rid the holy People, city and temple of their oppressors and set up a Davidic throne and rule all nations with a rod of iron: The "mystery of the kingdom" and the scandal is that Messiah arrives but does NOT assemble an army, evict Rome and glorify a holy Jerusalem. At least not yet. Jesus then goes on to criticize "this generation" (his contemporaries, not the Jews) because they rejected John for his "uncultured ways" and call to grieving for sin and then rejected Jesus because of he announced a festive wedding: Mat 11:16 "To what can I compare the people living today? They're like little children who sit in the marketplaces and shout to each other, Mat 11:17 'A wedding song we played for you, the dance you simply scorned. A woeful dirge we chanted, too, but then you would not mourn.' Mat 11:18 Because John didn't come eating or drinking, yet people say, 'He has a demon!' Mat 11:19 The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, 'Look, a glutton and a drunk, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!' Absolved from every act of sin, is wisdom by her kith and kin." I read an Anchor Bible Commentary on Revelation by, I think, Ford who said that she thought Revelation was written by John the Baptist. She reasoned that John was called "the greatest prophet" and yet he is generally eclipsed by Isaiah, Jeremiah, etc. if he didn't write anything. And the author of the Revelation is said to be named "John". I found it interesting but it seems the author has since abandoned the view though I don't know why. Let us look at the Greek text: ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν βιάζεται καὶ βιασταὶ ἁρπάζουσιν αὐτήν Literally: the kingdom of the heavens is being violently treated and violent (people) are snatching it. The context is clearly about opposition against John and Jesus as well as their preaching. This is talked about later, e.g. in verses 18-19. The opponents are both king Herod and the relgious leaders. In this context, the verb βιάζεται is best understood to be passive. The corresponding noun βιασταὶ refers to violent people. The tricky word is the present tense verb ἁρπάζουσιν. For this word BDAG has: to grab or seize suddenly so as to remove or gain control, snatch/take away. BDAG also mentions a similar place in Mat 13:19: Both people and a message can be snatched away. And here, the opposition is both towards John and Jesus as well as the message of repentance that John brought and the Good News that Jesus brought. The present tense in Greek is used for an attempt that may or may not succeed, and this fits here. The opponents are trying their best to get rid of both the preachers and the preaching. They will not succeed totally, since some will believe, especially among the common people. I would translate it something like: Already from when John started his ministry, the Kingdom of God has met with violent opposition, and the opponents are trying to get rid of it. It may be worth noting that NIV has changed their translation so that the version from 2011 now reads: "From the days of John the Baptist until now, the kingdom of heaven has been subjected to violence, and violent people have been raiding it." I do not like the "raiding", but otherwise it is not too bad. (I am speaking as a Bible translation consultant whose job it is to evaluate translations.) There are many different attempts at translating the verse. A few I would consider to be fine as: Others are off the track as, for instance, From the moment John stepped onto the scene until now, the realm of heaven’s kingdom is bursting forth, and passionate people have taken hold of its power. (The Passion translation)
String of Pediatric Cardiology Pearls 1) Bacterial Endocarditis Watch for mention of a central venous catheter. Strep ( associated with cardiac valves ) and Staph( no structural abnormalities) are the typical Pathogens but on the Boards it can be caused by Gram negatives including : Remember: Endocarditis Can be Kaused by the gram negative A list Eikenella corrodens, Cardiobacterium hominis, Kingella species, Aggregatibacter (parainfluenzae/ actinomycetemcomitans) 2) Prolonged QT syndrome Prolonged QT In addition to the more obvious history, including unexplained syncope or family history of unexplained sudden death you could be presented with a history of unexplained near drowning or frequent heart palpitations If you are presented with any of these signs the next step would be obtaining an EKG It is associated with a torsades de pointes pattern on EKG and can be congenital or acquired without a family history of sudden death Torsales pedis Azithromycin is contraindicated in patients diagnosed with prolonged QT syndrome 3) Cardiac manifestations of thyroid disorders Sinus tachycardia is associated with hyperthyroidism Methimazole is the first line treatment for Graves' disease Beta-blockers should be prescribed when hyperthyroidism diagnosed 4) Murmuring Murmurs The nice thing about murmurs on the boards is you don't have to actually hear and recognize the murmur. You only have to recognize the description and identify the wording. Aortic Stenosis loud systolic murmur at the right upper sternal border with an associated click ASD heard during ejection at the upper left upper sternal border with a fixed split 2 VSD turbulent flow during the entire systole at the left lower sternal border ( easy to remember since the atrium is above the ventricle and heard at the upper sternal border and ventricle at the lower sternal border) 5) Acrocyanosis in the newborn. Cyanosis in the hands and feet of a newborn will most likely be a normal finding that requires no intervention Stuart C. Silversteinm, MD, FAAP
The door of a disabled bathroom (Picture: Getty) Just because someone doesn’t ‘look’ disabled, it doesn’t mean they aren’t facing debilitating symptoms. Our series, You Don’t Look Sick, shows how living with an invisible illness means facing misconceptions and misunderstandings when using disabled parking spaces or priority seats. But one issue is when people with invisible conditions use disabled bathrooms. Some people use them because they need to go urgently aren’t able to queue. Others need more space to empty an ileostomy bag, for example. New figures though show that 93% of people would challenge someone who looks healthy with they see them using an accessible toilet because they think they are ‘standing up’ for the rights of disabled people. The study carried out by Crohn’s & Colitis UK reveals that people with invisible disabilities have also faced verbal and/or physical abuse for using accessible bathrooms. From the 1,771 people with Crohn’s or Colitis surveyed, 61% said they faced abuse and around two thirds said they had been refused when they asked to jump the toilet queue. Symptoms of Crohn’s and Colitis include chronic diarrhoea so sometimes, getting to the toilet quickly is very important. The campaign imagery for the #NotEveryDisability campaign, featuring Hannah who has a stoma bag. (Picture: Crohn’s and Colitis) The data revealed that these emotional and physical experiences are greatly impacting patients. 70% of people with Crohn’s or Colitis have had an accident in public or experienced unpleasant symptoms because someone wouldn’t let them jump the toilet queue, which can have a devastating social impact 81% of people with Crohn’s or Colitis think that the public have little understanding of these conditions and are quick to judge those living with them. Now Crohn’s & Colitis UK has launched the Not Every Disability Is Visible campaign to try to change signage and attitudes around people using disabled toilets. Over 80% of people with Crohn’s or Colitis said they feel more comfortable visiting places with the Not Every Disability is Visible signs installed, powerfully demonstrating that these signs have a real impact on people’s lives. For businesses this is a small change, for people with invisible disabilities this can be life-changing. Marta Azmy Yousef, a new mother, fashion textiles sales administrator, and a Not Every Disability is Visible campaign ambassador says: ‘I’m always worried about being challenged by someone when I come out of an accessible toilet – I feel as though I have to plan what I would say before leaving just in case someone decides I don’t look disabled enough. ‘I can get really anxious, worrying about someone having a go at me for being in the toilets that are ‘supposed to be for disabled people.’ It’s ridiculous. I know I’m allowed to use them, but people can be so cruel.’ ‘These signs make a real difference to people living with Crohn’s or Colitis,” says Sarah Sleet, CEO at Crohn’s & Colitis UK. ‘We know that if the public better understand the devastating symptoms of these conditions, they will be more considerate and supportive of people who feel too ashamed or embarrassed to talk about their Crohn’s or Colitis. ‘It is vitally important that everyone gets involved in the campaign to help increase understanding of the true impact of these conditions.’ MORE : Mum makes six-year-old party guests give the bears they created to the birthday girl MORE : Schoolboy spends six years saving up 100,000 tickets from the fairground to win a giant Minion
Medical and Science Five Second Rule, Better Grab it Quick Food for the Five Second Rule Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic LicensePhoto by boofeld I’m sure everyone has heard this at one time or another. Someone drops a piece of food on the floor and someone yells, “Five Second Rule!” The five second rule basically states that if you can retrieve your lost morsel within five seconds, then it will come back to you germ free. Now that sounds like a pretty good deal, but is it simply a way to rationalize eating something that’s hit the ground? Or is there some scientific evidence to back up this five second rule? I’m not sure what made everyone believe that there was some magical five second rule which would save your food from bacteria. Maybe the mindset was that the germs took a while to get moving, or maybe they became so excited that the were in shock momentarily before attacking your snack. But what ever the case, germs have the ability to attach themselves to what ever comes into contact with them immediately, you could wait a fraction of a second or hours and your yummy munchies would be just as germy. But are the germs that your food comes into contact with really a concern? Let’s dig a little deeper into the five second rule and learn some of the history and science behind it. History of the Five Second Rule The first known media reference to the five second rule was somewhere around the year 2000, according to my research. But is the five second rule that new of a thing? Some folks will tell you they’ve been hearing of this “rule” since the 1950s or 1960s, which according to statistics is true. Although it wasn’t very popular among school kids and the like up until the 1990s. Because it wasn’t widely accepted until recent years, it would appear that this concept is quite new. The Science Behind the Five Second Rule According to my research, the generation (2000’s) that was raised hearing about this five second rule were in fact the same generation that began testing phases into the theory. One such great mind was Jillian Clarke, she was a high school intern at the University of Illinois. During her internship in the year 2003, Clarke spent a great deal of time with a five second rule experiment. Her experiment consisted of dropping Gummi Bears and fudge-stripe cookies on a floor that had been swabbed with the virus E. coli. According to her findings, the virus contaminated the goodies immediately, not after five seconds like the “rule” states. So evidently when food lands directly on the germs, they adhere to each other instantly, thus the contamination begins. This must have been some pretty ground breaking research, because she won the Ig Nobel Prize for her studies. Since this was getting so much attention, Clarke wasn’t the only tester of the five second rule. There was another team from the Clemson University that followed up on her research and their results showed she was correct. During one of the Clemson teams studies they dropped a piece of bologna on a germ treated tile floor. The results, 99% of the bacteria had infected the bologna during the first five seconds! There have been several other testing phases on the five second rule, some of which attempted to debunk these previous findings. Even though some results suggested that the five second rule was in fact valid, this could be for a number of reasons. If there is no bacteria present on the floor when the food drops, it will not be infected. It’s highly unlikely that someone will be swabbing the floor beneath you with the E. coli virus right before you drop your snack. So the odds of contracting a virus from eating something that’s fallen on the floor are not very high. But let’s keep in mind, viruses and bacteria are only a small part of what your food may encounter once hitting the floor. Just think about all the other things that may be there, cleaning solutions, insecticides, fecal matter from your pets feet. Not a very pleasant thought. Conclusion to the Five Second Rule So what have we learned here… Basically, by dropping food on the floor, picking it up and eating it will not be certain doom. In fact most food items that have been dropped on the floor would be safe to consume even after several minutes of hitting the floor. Now whether or not you want to eat something like that, it’s up to you. In short, there is no such thing as a Five Second Rule Tell me what you believe, does the imaginary five second rule make you feel better about eating your favorite treat after a dive bomb to the dirty floor? Similar Posts 29 thoughts on “Five Second Rule, Better Grab it Quick 1. I think people can far too worries about this sort of thing – especially parents with their children. Immunities need to be built up! 1. Yep, couldn’t agree with you more. Considering the things we probably suck in through breathing everyday, I’m sure things found on most floors are all that bad. Of course I wouldn’t go into a 200 year old abandoned building and throw my sandwich on the floor before eating it. But if you’re in a familiar environment, probably nothing to worry about. 2. your point are so delicious as like as your food picture. just love this article. have a lot of for teching 3. It is hard to impost rule in the house when you have kids at home. 1. This is true, kids are so curious that they will generally do the opposite of what they’re told, simply to find out for themselves. I know I usually did, hah 🙂 4. I really like your article because five second rule is very interesting.I have learn form this article that we must aware about children that they did not do the floor dirty.Its an amazing article.I hope you will add some more in your article.Thanks for giving such a great idea!!!! 1. I’m glad you find the five second rule interesting ‘Floor Sanding Sydney’. Although most of our floors within our own personal homes are probably not dirty enough to harm us if eaten from, the rule is still just a myth and caution should be taken where ever you are. Thanks for stopping by. 5. Hi, I have even heard of this Five second rule. There used to be a lot of hype on this in our high school. Fascinating to hear, it’s not true scientifically. 1. That’s pretty cool Hugh, the five second rule was pretty popular thing for a while. I think the hype has kind of died down now days, but it’s still an interesting thing to think about. Comments are closed.
Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide, also referred to as CO, is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, poisonous gas that is produced by the incomplete combustion of organic fossil fuels such as oil gas and coal. Dangerous levels of CO can accumulate when the fuel is not burning properly as a result of poor ventilation, blocked chimney or flue or damaged appliances. Because it has no smell, taste or colour it is sometimes called the silent killer. Prevention is always better than cure: by having your gas boiler and gas appliances correctly installed in good ventilated areas, properly repaired and serviced annually by Registered Gas Installers (RGI) the risks of been exposed to CO poisoning are reduced. Stop using appliances immediately if you suspect they might be faulty. Additional information on Carbon Monoxide can be found at the web site There is also an important Technical Bulletin which deals with Carbon Monoxide (CO) detectors, specifically when and where they are required to be fitted and the type and number of detectors required ensuring full compliance with the I.S.813:2014. Click here to see the Bulletin.
MacBook Pro: How to Change the Sample Rate When you're creating an audio project with your MacBook Pro, you can change the sample rate depending on the purpose of the job. For example, you could use a lower sample rate when you're recording someone who's speaking about one of your products for a compressed podcast to be hosted on your company’s website. If you want to record audio with higher quality, such as a musical performance, you can use a higher sample rate. The Audio Midi Setup utility enables you to change sample rate settings. Click the Launchpad rocket ship icon in the dock of your MacBook Pro, and then click “Utilities” and “Audio Midi Setup.” Click the name of the input device in the left pane of the Audio Midi Setup window, such as “Built-In Microphone.” Click the “Format” drop-down menu, and then click the sample rate you want to use, such as "32000.0 Hz" or "96000.0 Hz." The higher the sample rate, the better the sound quality will be. Click the drop-down menu located to the right of the “Format” menu, and then click a different configuration, such as "20 bits" or "32 bits." A higher bit rate results in improved sound quality.
Open accessibilty tools Back to Blog Sir Edmund Backhouse close up picture of the face of Edmund Backhouse, and old man with a large white beard and long eyebrows styled in an upward fashion. His face is sunken with deep lines on his brow, fresh plump cheeks and set back eyes. Sir Edmund Backhouse from 1943 by S. Vargassoff. Image courtesy of the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, MS. Eng. Misc. d. 1226, fol. ii. CC-BY-NC 4.0. Edmund Backhouse was born into the famous Quaker banking family in Darlington. He was the son of Johnathan Backhouse, who merged Backhouse bank with that of Barclays. Edmund attended St George’s School, Ascot where he was a fellow student of Winston Churchill, they both later recalled how cruel and ‘sadistic’ their headmaster had been. From here he went to Winchester Collage and then onto Merton Collage in Oxford in 1892. His education is typical of someone born into wealth during this time and it cost a lot of money. However, Edmund managed to get himself into considerable debt. In 1896 he helped raise money for Oscar Wilde during his famous libel trial but instead of giving the money to the cause, he spent it on jewellery for himself. It was the embezzlement of this money that forced him to flee Britain later that year. He never finished his degree, but during his time at collage he excelled at languages, especially Mandarin. He settled in Beijing, China and worked as a translator for journalists, writers and businessmen. He became known as a famous Chinese scholar, although he was later proved to be the fake author of two books. He was also later criticised for re-enforcing stereotypes of Chinese culture to western society, mainly that the Chinese where un-civilised, highly sexed and a dangerous and devious society. Second World War Edmunds self-imposed exile lasted his whole life. He always hoped to be invited back to England to be professor of Chinese at Oxford, he even sent the university hundreds of rare Chinese manuscripts. Despite this the call never came and even upon inheriting his father’s Baronet in 1918, he refused to go back to England. He developed a hatred and bitterness to his home country which escalated during the Second World War. During the conflict he openly supported Nazi Germany and actively supported the Japanese during the conflict since he spoke Japanese very well. These where dramatic actions for an openly gay man with an already controversial reputation. Nazi Germany condemned homosexuality; however, he was willing to risk it to see Great Britain defeated. Decadence Mandchoue Decadence Mandchoue is the title of Edmunds autobiography that was written towards the end of his life in 1943. The memories told of Edmund’s openly gay life with explicit detail and he claimed to have been a lover of Oscar Wilde, Wildes lover Lord Alfred Douglas, British Prime Minister Lord Rosebury and many other famous names of the day. A year before he passed away Edmund left his memoires with his friend Reinhard Hoeppli with the intention that they would be published but after reading them he decided they were to explicit and controversial to be released to the public. In 1973 Hoeppli invited Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper, a Professor in Modern History at Oxford and former MI6 agent, to investigate the claims Edmund makes in his memoires. Trevor-Ropers investigation took him all over the world trying to pin down the life and times of Edmund Backhouse and his research culminated in his 1976 book, ‘The Hermit of Peking; The Hidden Life of Sir Edmund Backhouse’. Overall Trever-Roper’s opinion of Backhouse was damming, labelling his memoires as ‘pornographic’ and ‘obscene’. Trevor-Roper also claimed that Edmunds stories of his sexual encounters where purely fiction, made up fantasies and lies. More modern research, however, claims that it would be wrong to discredit all of Edmunds claims. We may never know for sure which situations where a product of his imagination and which were real but what is important here is that a man living in the late Victorian period was openly gay, something that was illegal in Britain at the time. Edmund was fond of the Chinese all male brothels and preferred to live in the Chinses neighbourhoods rather than the foreign quarters. He was a master of gossip and the back alleys of Beijing were where he gathered (inaccurate) information to sell to foreign journalists and envoys. The British diplomats in China regarded him with great suspicion and general disgust for his activities.
Traditional data transmission protocol on the Internet such as HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), does not provide adequate protection of the information on its way from the server to the user and vice versa. When the connection is unprotected attackers can easily intercept data packets, change their content, or redirect to a fake server. This is the risk that the fraudsters will be able to get your personal information such as credit card data, and transactions made on behalf of its owner may be the subject of legal proceedings. To avoid special problems special protocols for securing transmitted data and digital certificates have been developed. SSL certificate — is a special digital certificate on your website, using an SSL certificate ensures that communication between you and your client is carried out through a secure channel using encrypted HTTPS protocol (letter “s” means Secure). If you are engaged in e-commerce, own an online store, or receive confidential information from your clients, SSL certificate will help to ensure the highest protection of data transmission using a strong encryption algorithm. The presence of a digital certificate guarantees that the data will not be available to third parties for unauthorized viewing and editing. How does SSL work? But in fact, for the bank is not a good idea to encrypt the client’s message with its private key. This is similar to signing the document the bank knows very little about. From this position, the bank itself should come up with a message and send it to the client in duplicate. In the clear and encrypted with its private key. The encrypted message is called a message digest. A method to encrypt a message using your private key is called a digital signature. The certificate contains the following information: 3. public key of the subject; 4. issue date and expiration date of the certificate. The certificate is “signed” with the private key of the certification center (Certificate authority). If you go to the Security section of a standard browser you can see a list of well-known organizations that sign the certificates. Now let’s look at how the data will be shared on the Internet. Customer: Good afternoon. Bank: Good afternoon. You’ve come to the bank. Client: Are you really the bank?
Definition Argument Content And Ides 988 Words4 Pages Sabrina Musick Sonya Berry 1. The essay meets certain requirements, per the rubric, yet it portrayed an emotional connection to the reader in order to lure the reader in more to continue reading. The essay was written in a format which enlighten the audience comparing the United States and China and how certain matters at hand are handled regarding organ distribution. The writer’s research was informative and detailed in a manner, which captivated the audience to continue reading for clarity. Definition Argument Content and Ides: 2. The thesis main point was about the sale of organs in an unethical manner, which the writer introduced in the forthcoming paragraphs. The writer introduced the nature of organ sales by comparing the U.S. and China, and how one service differs from the other in organ sales. 3. The writer did a great job of explaining the black market in foreign countries and how it affects those on the list waiting for an organ in in accordance with the guidelines of their nature. Medical cost, financial wealth, etc.). 4. In the order, for the writer to get streamline his point across he used comparison methods, so that the reader understood exactly the point which the writer was stating. 5. The information which the writer stated persuaded the audience to set back and think about how unethical measures are performed on humans to retrieve organs, at any cost. 6. The writer incorporated, supported information so that the audience understood the Open Document
Coronavirus: Panel of Experts to Evaluate Public Use of the Face Mask Man wearing face mask Image copyright Should more of us wear masks to help slow the spread of the coronavirus? This matter is to be assessed by a group of advisers from the World Health Organization (WHO). The group will evaluate the research to find out if the virus can be projected further than previously thought; a study in the United States suggests that coughing can reach 6 m and sneezing up to 8 m. Panel chair Professor David Heymann told BBC News that the new research could lead to a change in the advice on masks. The former director of the WHO explained, “WHO is opening its discussion again by examining the new evidence to see whether or not there should be a change in the way it recommends the use of masks. “ What is the current advice? The WHO recommends that you keep a distance of at least 1 m from anyone who coughs or sneezes to avoid the risk of infection. He says that people who are sick and have symptoms should wear masks. But he advises healthy people to only wear them if they are caring for others who are suspected of being infected, or if they cough or sneeze. Image copyright Getty Images New research suggests coughing and sneezing may throw liquid farther than previously thought He points out that masks are only effective if they are combined with frequent hand washing and used and disposed of properly. The United Kingdom, as well as other countries, including the United States, advises that social distance should mean staying at least 2 meters apart. This advice is based on evidence showing that viruses can only be transmitted when transported in drops of liquid. It is understood that most of these drops will evaporate or fall to the ground near the person who released them. So what does the new research say? Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, USA, have used high-speed cameras and other sensors to accurately assess what happens after a cough or sneeze. They discovered that an expiration generates a small, fast-moving cloud of gas that can hold liquid droplets of varying sizes – and that the smallest can be transported in the cloud over long distances. The study – conducted under laboratory conditions – found that coughing can throw fluid up to 6 meters apart and that sneezing, which involves much higher speeds, can reach up to 8 meters. What are the implications? The scientist who led the study, Professor Lydia Bourouiba of MIT, told me that she was concerned about the current concept of “safe distances”. “What we breathe out, cough or sneeze is a cloud of gas that has a strong impulse that can go far, trapping drops of all sizes and transporting them across the room,” she said. “So having this false idea of security within a meter or two, that the drops will fall to the ground at that distance is not based on what we have quantified, measured and visualized directly. “ Does this change the advice on masks? According to Professor Bourouiba, in certain situations, particularly indoors in poorly ventilated rooms, wearing masks would reduce the risks. For example, when faced with an infected person, masks can help divert the flow of their breath and their load of virus from your mouth. “Fragile masks do not protect against inhalation of the smallest particles in the air because they do not provide filtration,” said Professor Bourouiba. “But they would potentially deflect the cloud which is emitted with strong momentum to the side rather than forward. “ What do WHO advisers think? Image copyright Professor Heymann said masks should be worn consistently According to Professor Heymann, new research from MIT and other institutions will be evaluated because it suggests that the droplets of coughing and sneezing may be thrown further than expected. He said that if the evidence was supported, “wearing a mask may be just as effective or more effective than distance.” But he adds a warning that masks must be worn properly, with a seal on the nose. If they get wet, says Professor Heymann, the particles can pass. People must remove them carefully to prevent their hands from being contaminated. He adds that masks must be worn consistently. “It’s not about wearing a mask and then deciding to take it off to smoke a cigarette or eat a meal – it has to be worn full time,” he said. The panel, known as the Strategic and Technical Advisory Group on Infectious Risks, is expected to hold its next virtual meeting in the coming days. A spokesperson for Public Health England said there was little evidence of widespread benefit from wearing masks outside of clinical settings. “Masks must be worn properly, changed frequently, removed properly, safely disposed of and used in combination with good universal hygiene behavior for them to be effective. “Research also shows that compliance with these recommended behaviors decreases over time when wearing face masks for extended periods. “ Are countries not changing their advice on masks anyway? Image copyright Masks have long been used in Asia Long popular in many Asian countries, the masks are currently being evaluated by the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC). In Austria, the police now wear them and anyone dealing with the police will also have to wear one. Supermarkets will insist that customers do too. A once rare sight in Europe is becoming more common, and new WHO advice would accelerate this change. Follow David on Twitter. Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
Three Energy Saving Bulbs Proving Popular With by：Fishcat 2020-04-09 Helping the environment is something that every home owner is happy to be a part of. This explains in part the reason for the rapid growth of energy saving bulbs on the market, a lighting option that drastically reduces the amount of electricity consumed in the home, and therefore the energy drained from the environment around us all. The energy saving option is so popular, in fact, that the simple household light bulb seems to be fading away. Instead, bulbs for cluster lamps, colour alternating LED lights and the intriguingly named dusk to dawn bulbs have found their way onto the modern houseware shopping list. Of course, the advantages of all energy saving lights is easy to imagine, but for a variety of reasons, modern home owners have their favourites. We have compiLED a list of three of the most popular and more advanced types available on the market, namely LED bulbs, CFLs, and sensor light bulbs. LED Bulbs When it comes to lighting efficiency, it is difficult to beat LED lights. This is because the energy consumption of these bulbs is exceptionally low, with the life span of a typical LED as much as 100,000 hours. That is as much as 20 times the life of a regular household incandescent light. In fact, it is likely that if an LED light is turned on and never turned off, a new born baby will have completed primary school before the light dies. For this reason, LED bulbs are preferred for jobs where a light is expected to be on most, if not all, of the time. Their energy efficiency rate is 80 per cent, which means that 80 per cent of the electricity consumed is turned to light, and only 20 per cent lost. An incandescent light, however, is the other way around, with 20 per cent converted into light. As a result, LED bulbs are preferred where the sheer number of lights would otherwise mean an exceptionally large electricity bill, such as multi storey office buildings, even large hotels where the corridor lights must be on every night. In the home, they are often used in security lights. CFL Bulbs However, the most effective low energy bulbs are compact fluorescent lamp bulbs, or CFLs as they are commonly abbreviated to. They are basically fluorescent bulbs, but with a greater degree of energy efficiency and a greater versatility in terms of the applications they can be used in. The tube, for example, can only be placed in a dedicated fixture. The key element to CFL bulbs is the small amount of mercury vapour that is contained within the glass. This vapour glows when electricity runs through it, giving off an ultraviolet light that we cannot see, but which actually stimulates the phosphorous coating that ultimately produces the light. The important factor is that stimulating the phosphorous coating in this way requires less electrical energy than other lighting methods. In fact, CFLs use around 25 per cent of the energy that incandescent bulbs use, and have a life span 15 times that of the traditional incandescent option. Sensor Light Bulbs One of the most impressive advances in lighting technology has been the development of sensor bulbs, which are CFL bulbs that can switch on when daylight has receded and switch off when daylight is restored. The sensor simply reads the degree of natural daylight that exists, and reacts accordingly. This kind of bulb is generally used in places where light is required 24 hours a day, like an alleyway or a loading bay in a busy warehouse facility, perhaps. However, they are available too in household versions that are small but bright and perfect for use over a backdoor or over the back garden patio for security purposes. These bulbs, often available in a spiral design, can provide 100 watts of light from just 20 watts of power, making them effective energy saving options. Understandably, these bulbs are more commonly known as dusk to dawn light bulbs, obviously because they turn on automatically at dusk and stay on until automatically switching off at dawn. Still, they play no small role in reducing electricity consumption, like every other light bulb design with the environment in mind. The growth in popularity of energy saving bulbs cannot be considered a major surprise, given the awareness people generally have of the world around them. And, we can be certain that as the decades go by, even greater energy saving technologies will be incorporated into the lights we use at home. Beijing Huaxia Shenghe International Consulting Co., Ltd. is considered as one of the leading supplier of smart socket products in China. If you are looking for an excellent service in the UK then you can go to Beijing Huaxia Shenghe International Consulting Co., Ltd. . They have almost everything what you might require for your wifi plug socket. The development of wifi plug socket smart socket products has massive potential for expansion. Custom message Chat Online 编辑模式下无法使用 Chat Online inputting...
Himalayan Salt Himalayan Salt – Made In Pakistan, Not In India Himalayan salt doesn’t actually come from the Himalayas. It’s mined 186 miles away in Pakistan, Khewra Salt Mine. Thanks to its pink hue and supposed health benefits, the salt has exploded in popularity since the late 2000s. Today it’s turned into lamps, statues and of course table salt. But extracting the coveted salt means descending into dark caves then blasting and carrying heavy rock. Why Himalayan Salt is pink in color? It has three colors in it. White, Pink and Red. White is due to presence of Sodium Chloride. Pink has Magnesium and Red for Iron. 98% of the Himalayan Salt contains Sodium Chloride which is available in normal sea salt. The rest 2% contains 84 minerals. History of Himalayan Salt The Khewra salt mine here in the Punjab region of Pakistan is the second largest salt mine in the world. The pink salt comes from remnants of ancient seabeds that crystallized 600 million years ago. Legend has it, it was actually Alexander the great’s horse that first discovered these salt rocks. When it stopped to take a lick. Then under british rule salt mining ramped up in the 1870s. Today it’s a popular tourist destination and a working mine producing the majority of the world’s pink salt. How Himalayan Salt is made? All the mining starts at the train station. The train takes miners deep into the mountain. The tunnels stretch for 25 miles and it’s always 64 degrees fahrenheit. 300 miners work these dark chambers. They’ve used many of the same mining tools for over a century. Only half of the mountain salt is actually mined. The rest is used for structural support so the chambers don’t collapse. Tractors haul the mine salt out of the mountain. Each day miners excavate over a thousand tons of salt or about the weight of 157 elephants. Outside they search for blocks with the best shape and coloring to send to manufacturers. Once picked the blocks are loaded up on trucks either by hand or crane and sent across Pakistan. India Bought and Exported Historically Pakistan couldn’t process this raw pink salt. So much of it was exported to India cheaply. India would treat the salt, label it as “Made In India” and sell it at a premium. Pakistan saw little of the profits. NPR reported that a ton of salt sold to India for $40 could fetch $300 in Europe. Pakistan Changed The Strategy In 2019 a social media campaign calling for the end of salt exports to India went viral. That same year the Pakistani government banned all salt exports to India. The goal returning the profits to Pakistan. But some Pakistani salt exporters suffered they didn’t speak english and couldn’t meet Europe’s tough import standards. Only about a dozen exporters saw an opportunity to sell products under Pakistani labels directly to Europe. Is Himalayan Salt really healthy? It’s such a very small percentage of the salt it makes up these minerals. You are highly unlikely to get any real benefit or any trace of them in your regular serving of salt itself. But nutritionally it’s pretty much similar to regular salt. It’s also pretty similar tasting to sea salt. But others claim Himalayan salt has healing powers whether inhaled used in spa treatments or in lamp form. There’s a lot of different homeopathic remedies that can seem very very appealing but actually they’re not grounded in evidence. And it’s these false health claims that have driven the price up. Price and Future Himalayan salt can cost up to 20 times the price of normal table salt. But that money doesn’t always make it back to the miners. They take home less than 1,500 rupees a day. And those salaries have stayed the same even though Pakistan has severed its salty relationship with India. Luckily the mountain won’t run out of salt anytime soon. It’s estimated only about 220 million tons of salt have been excavated here. Nothing compared to the nearly 6.7 Billion tons left.
Beneficial Malware? It’s a Thing… Traditional malware is slowly becoming extinct as malware creators have realized that targeting routers and other Internet-connected devices (the Internet of Things) is more successful and in some cases, more financially lucrative as well. Routers and IoT devices are easy to infiltrate and because there is no antivirus solution available for these devices, detection by the average consumer is extremely unlikely. Once malicious actors have infected a router, the device can be used to launch DDoS attacks or to spoof legitimate websites as part of a phishing campaign. In fact, the highly publicized attacks of the Sony PlayStation and Xbox Live online gaming platforms were both carried out using a botnet created from routers that had been infected with a special malware package designed to leverage vulnerabilities in the embedded firmware of affected devices. Despite all the bad press that malware is subjected to on a daily basis, researchers from Symantec recently discovered a new strain of malware that targets routers as well as other embedded devices including many smart home automation products. What makes this malware strain unique is that it was designed to protect these devices from traditional malware attacks. The vigilante code is installed without the knowledge or consent of the individual user, which is why the program is still considered malware, but the program is actually designed to harden routers and other vulnerable devices against malware attacks designed for nefarious purposes. This malware, which has been dubbed Linux.Wifatch by Symantec researchers, was first discovered last year when a security researcher noticed that his router was acting strangely. Like other forms of malware, Linux.Wifatch had turned his router into a zombie - part of a large P2P botnet. At the time, the researcher was able to identify at least 13,000 other devices infected with the same malware strain. Since that time, the malware has become rather famous and is also referred to by names such as Zollard and Reincarna within the IT security community. Upon closer inspection of this malware strain, it became apparent that this botnet, although extremely sophisticated, wasn’t like the botnets commonly written about on this blog. Rather than being used to conduct DDoS attacks or to distribute other malware variants, Linux.Wifatch is designed to pass malware threat updates between infected nodes as it relates to notorious malware families that specifically target embedded devices. Once this malware strain has been successfully installed on an embedded device, it immediately gets to work buy eradicating any malware infections found on the device before making changes to security settings to make the device less vulnerable to attack. linux wifatch malware The creators of this malware strain even went so far as to write helpful messages into the code that display tips to users who may be engaging in activities that could put the device at risk such as using telnet. Other signs that point to the benevolent nature of Wifatch include a message to law enforcement officials found in the source code and an exploit module for Dahua DVR CCTV systems. The message to law enforcement reads: “To any NSA and FBI agents reading this: Please consider whether defending the US Constitution against all enemies, foreign or domestic, requires you to follow Snowden’s example. EOF” This message is a reference to the email signature of GNU guru Richard Stallman and indicates malware creators that aren’t trying to harm anyone with their programming creation. As far as the CCTV exploit is concerned, Wifatch is designed to reboot the camera systems of these systems once per week. The popular theory as to why this exploit was included is that the malware is unable to protect this particular device from certain malware threats and that by rebooting the system regularly, the router is given a clean slate after each reboot (embedded device malware is not persistent and must be reinstalled after a reboot in most cases). The author(s) of Wifatch provide even greater transparency by not obfuscating the source code. In fact, there are numerous debugging messages contained in the source code that make it easier for security researchers to follow the behavior of the program. This is exactly the opposite of most malware strains where great care is taken by the malware authors to prevent security researchers from debugging the malware at all. Despite the seemingly benevolent nature of this particular malware strain, Symantec warns that Wifatch is still malware because it is installed without the end users consent and it contains numerous backdoors which the creators of Wifatch could use to carry out a malicious attack if so inclined. That said, researchers from Symantec have been watching this botnet for months and have yet to detect a single action that could be construed as malicious. Furthermore, the backdoors used by the malware to communicate with other nodes is cryptographically signed – meaning that the program can only get commands from the genuine author. This significantly reduces the likelihood of the malware being hijacked by a malicious third party with sinister intentions. wifatch message While having Wifatch installed on your router isn’t necessarily a bad thing, it is not a persistent threat. This means that simply resetting the router will remove Wifatch from the device. Interestingly enough, Symantec’s recommendation for preventing infection is exactly the same as the recommendation given by the malware itself: “Update your device firmware and change the default passwords.” It’s certainly rare to have the words malware and beneficial in the same sentence, but Linux.Wifatch is a perfect example of this very phenomena in the wild. While it is still unclear who is behind the creation of Wifatch, the PC security community is glad that someone is looking out for these devices as they are being targeted with more regularity than ever before and the average PC user is not capable of identifying an embedded device infection in the first place. The Internet is a safer place because of Wifatch. Click to post a comment Malware activity Global malware activity level today: Medium threat activity Increased attack rate of infections detected within the last 24 hours. Virus and malware removal Learn about malware removal
Fagus grandifolia Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun1.Fagus grandifolia - North American forest tree with light green leaves and edible nutsFagus grandifolia - North American forest tree with light green leaves and edible nuts Fagus, genus Fagus - beeches beech, beech tree - any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions References in periodicals archive ? In addition, five species were recorded in 2017 only: paper birch (Betula papyrifera), beech (Fagus grandifolia), hornbeam (Ostria viginiana), northern white cedar (Thuja ocddentalis), and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera). Typically preferring mature hardwood forests, Early Hairstreak caterpillars feed on American Beech (Fagus grandifolia L.), American Hazelnut (Corylus spp.) and various Oak species (.Quercus spp.) (Klots and dos Passos 1981; Nielsen 1973). American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrhart) in North America are in a highly degraded state in much of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada due to beech bark disease, which is caused by an invasive scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), and 2 fungal plant pathogens, i.e., Neonectria faginata [Lohman et al.] Castl. The callus formation prior to bud origin was also verified in Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. alba), river birch (Betula nigra), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua). rubrum, and Fagus grandifolia; sites were greater than 300 m apart) bordering operational cornfields (operated by the Macdonald Campus Farm, McGill University). Trapping was conducted in two habitats: northern hardwoods with a dominant overstory of sugar maple (Acer saccbarum) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and a red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation. American beech, or Fagus grandifolia, is the only species of beech native to the United States. -- In a mature southern mixed hardwood stand in Hardin County, Texas, American beech (Fagus grandifolia) declined in basal area by 38% between 1985 and 2001, and 59% of the largest trees (>45 cm dbh) died (4.10%/yr). The biggest national champion tree in Maryland is a 429-point American beech (Fagus grandifolia) that grows on a farm in Anne Arundel County. Beech bark disease is an exotic disease complex involving the exotic beech scale (Cryptococcus fagi Baer) and at least two species of Neonectria fungi, which affects the American beech tree (Fagus grandifolia).
Station Map The term „Duckdalben “refers to mooring dolphins for ships in harbors, and these non-swimming dolphins are rammed into the ground and arranged in groups of three. Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig von Oldenburg (1755-1829) commissioned the first „Duckdalben“ along the Weser waterway parallel to Brake, offering the numerous ships a chance to tie up along the pier. In 1790, as many as 138 vessels made use of the dolphins. Indeed, these dolphins served as the basis for the subsequent upturn in maritime traffic and cargo handling in Brake, with the expansion of the harbor amd the Stromkaje following in the wake of these developments. This museum exhibit showing significant traces of usage is an example of such a dolphin, and it is often an object in artistic presentations. [More] Plan Street C
Get to know "La Geoda y la Mina Rica" Get to know 'La Geoda de Pulpí': In december 1999, members from Madrid’s Mineralogist Group discovered Pulpí’s Geode in Mina Rica, a colossal mineral geode measuring 8 metres length times 2 metres height fully covered in huge gypsum crystals. It’s upholstered with gypsum crystals, some of them measuring 2 metres long. Its transparency and spotlessness make it a wonder of nature. Given its dimensions as well its crytals size, transparency and perfection, this is a unique phenomenon worldwide (Calaforra & García-Guinea, 2000). The origin of this outlandish geode can be explained in two stages: the gap formation and the subsequent mineral deposit on the inside. The gap was produced by dolomite karstifications that make up the Sierra del Aguilón, accompanied hidro-termal volcanic shots. The mineral deposit could follow a mixed model (Karstic and hidro-termal). Get to know 'La Mina Rica':Mina From the geo-heritage viewpoint, Mina Rica holds many elements of interest besides its gigantic geode and mineralogy. From the structural viewpoint we can observe: foldings, mylonites, fault line surfaces, etc. Furthermore, we can see several formations such as epsomites and calcite speleothemes, mineral neoformations like "gypsum beards", etc. It's also worth pointing out the presence of mineralised siderite seams and the differences within the mine lithology. Nonetheless, the most remarkable elements are the gypsum geodes, besides the Gigantic Geode we can also see The Broken Geode and the Swallow Tails Geode among the most peculiar ones so far discovered. La Historia de la Goeda Get to know our History: La Sierra del Aguilón has been a mining area all throughout history. Contemporary mining begins in 1840 with the use of trenches and silver galena cuts. After 1870, iron extraction starts taking place, which led Jaravia to become one of the most prosperous mining districts in Spain. During the last decade of the 19th century the Marín Menú Family regenerates the iron extractions from the mine “Quién Tal Pensara” (“Who Would Have Thought It”) and therefore keeping everything going for several decades more until the Spanish Civil War breakout, which led to the full abandonment of the premises. Although it seemed as if Mina Rica was forever forgotten, in december 1999 it gains back popularity thanks to the discovery of the largest mineral geode in Europe. 20 years later, Mina Rica’s reopening project begins in order for everyone to appreciate the wonderful heritage Pulpí’s miners left us with. Galería de imágenes: Ver imagenVer imagenVer imagenVer imagenVer imagenVer imagenVer imagenVer imagenVer imagenVer imagenVer imagenVer imagenVer imagenVer imagen Normativa Visita Geoda y Mina de Pulpi.pdf321 KB
Chat with us, powered by LiveChat Our bodies are in a perpetual state of change. It’s a natural human physiological progression. Every year you look different than you did during the previous one, whether it is due to changes to your body shape, your hair, or your skin. Alongside these changes, you are likely to experience some others, less predictable ones. Some of these may involve the development of new intolerances and allergies. Despite what some may believe, developing allergies during adulthood is fairly common. It is possible that you will come in contact with a particular allergen and be exposed to it at high levels for the first time, or have it affect you when your immune system is low. While seasonal allergies are the most common ones developed after childhood, such as those to plants and pollen, the development of food allergies is also possible. If you have started to notice bodily changes like nausea and bloating, it’s time to find out what you are allergic to. What Is Food Allergy Testing? Food allergy testing involves the examination and analysis of foods that could be causing bodily reactions. Blood tests are one of the most common methods for identifying food allergens by the antibodies detected in the bloodstream. These tests show the IgE levels present in the blood once particularly known allergen foods are introduced into the system. When the IgE levels are higher, they indicate that eating a particular food type is more likely to result in an allergic reaction. What Is Important About Allergy Testing? Reactions can range from mild to very severe, so it is important to ensure your own safety and mitigate the risks that come along with allergic reactions. Knowing the potential foods that cause allergies can help us keep the chances of those reactions low. Allergic reactions can include anything from bloating, constipation, and abdominal discomfort to a more severe sort like shortness of breath and diarrhea. Many people who experience such reactions notice the milder symptoms, but may not realize that these are caused by reactions to certain foods. Allergy tests provide the necessary information to help reduce or eliminate bodily discomfort in the future. When people make their own determination about what causes their intolerance issues, they often needlessly cut out a certain food that could be a poor dietary decision, causing necessary minerals and vitamins to be left out of the diet. Take A Food Allergy Test Food allergy testing will help you make healthy and informed decisions about your diet. Out test kits at can provide a simple and expedient method of identifying intolerances or allergies your body may be suffering from, so don’t hesitate to order your test today.
How Investing in Indices Works? Posted by Hristo Hristov - Scope Markets When investors invest in indices or an index fund, they can choose many stocks in a single package. And, they do not need to buy each alone. Also, as these funds hold all the stock investments in a provided index, the management tends to be less. The outcome: Increasing investment returns for personal investors. These funds are mutual funds that try to simulate a provided market. Also, index funds simulate the U.S. stock market, the global stock market, and the U.S. bond exchange. There are actually a lot more than checking various markets of all forms and sizes. Each one has the same fundamental principle: Its aim is to meet that specific market return. Investing in Indices is the method of using funds to make a submissive investment plan. Index stockholders determine which markets they wish to invest in. Also, how much of their cash to keep in each one, and use index funds to set that plan in position. Many indices check the progress of diverse segments, markets, and investment tactics daily. And, are generally used to know about the market’s strength and review. For instance, the DJIA is a widespread market index composed of blue-chip shares. Whereas the U.S. Global Jets Index checks the global airline niche as a segment index. The index may also perform as a market’s standard or method of evaluating performance. You can’t straight go for index or Investing in Indices. As it’s wholly a scientific construct. But, you can put money into an index fund, both via indices mutual fund or an Exchange-traded fund. Many index funds follow the index, especially by holding all the index bonds. But, sometimes, a stock approximates the index with a unit of the bond. Or more derivatives like options and futures. How does Investing in Indices Fund work? Index funds have fund supervisors whose task it is to assure that the fund checks its basic index. As third-party indices provider develops and manages the index itself. Then, the task of the stock manager is almost easy. That is to buy the stakes that the indices provider holds in the index. And then make more buys or sales when the index provider makes the next changes to the index. Index funds or stocks can get framed in 2 basic ways. Index mutual funds are then provided straight through mutual fund organizations. And, various brokers give access to index mutual funds in their brokerage accounts. Index ETFs or exchange-traded funds trade straight on stock markets. Thus, letting anybody a brokerage account to buy and sell stocks anytime. That is when the stock market is open for trading. Benefits of Investing in Indices Investing in Indices can help you keep the time and work of identifying personal investments. As well as maintaining a trading portfolio yourself. Apart from picking particular stocks or bonds, a single index fund can fast offer you a good set of expenses. Additionally, these funds are open to all stockholders—even those who have only a moderate sum to put into, which improves investing way for many. Furthermore, investing in indices funds eliminates irrational prejudices. That personal investor must surmount to achieve a trading portfolio very well. Some of those prejudices involve the following: ● Investing in Indices – Loss Avoidance investing in indices The worry of losing cash makes investors trade at best times. Also, invest in reduced risk assets, which wind up by offering decreased returns. ● Conventional framing Making investment verdicts without thinking of the frame of a whole portfolio. ● Rational Accounting Taking unnecessary risk in an area, whereas evading rational risk in other. As it is mentally parting cash into diverse buckets. ● Investing in Indices – Holding or Anchoring Concentrating on the previous market in place of adjusting to a varying market. ● Inherent Need of Diversification Considering a trading portfolio gets diversified despite funding in much-compared assets. ● Investing in Indices – Unreasonable Optimism Thinking of good things will take place to you, and the wrong things will occur to others. ● Herding or Rounding Up Following the conduct of others, which generally results in buying at high and selling at low. ● Investing in Indices – Regret or Repent Allowing past errors to get in the means of making new verdicts. There is the comfort of buying and retaining indices fund and the trust that the fund will match the profit. That can help deal with loss avoidance as well as diverse absurd twists. And, also hurt the personal investors‘ returns who run their portfolios. Main things to know about investing in indices funds Trade global indices 24/5 with leverage up to 1:500 and no requotes. 1. They are an invisible method to buy an entire market An index fund purchases the bonds that create a complete index. For instance, if the index checks the Standard & Poor’s or S&P 500 index. That is an index of 500 of the biggest organizations in the US. The fund purchases shares from each organization registered on the index. A shareholder, in sequence, purchases stocks from the fund. And whose worth will reflect the profit and loss of the index that is getting tracked. 2. By taking downfall, you actually gain Selecting individual shares, you are no doubt not going to exceed the market. Not yet the pros perform. Study shows that from 2001 to 2016, over 90% of fund managers down performed their standard index. So, adhering to market profits is a clear bet than striking the market. And, that’s only what indices funds are thus meant to perform. 3.Index or Investing in Indices funds are more common with stockholders As per the recent survey, fast regulated mutual funds and ETFs in the U.S. noticed outflows of almost $514 billion. Whereas partly managed funds saw almost $1.6 trillion in further cash from April 2014 to 2017. The growth of Robo-experts and tractable investing have assisted with ammunition interest. 4. Investing in Indices is accessible over a range of asset groups Investors or shareholders can buy index funds that weigh on different firms. That is with small, normal, or big asset values. Or they can concentrate on a segment such as technology or power. These indices are somewhat less diverse than the most comprehensive market index. But, still further than if you want to buy stocks in a few organizations within a segment. How is investing in indices funds more useful than others? A big benefit that indices funds have over different kinds of funds is the price. An index repository manager‘s task is only to meet the index the fund checks. And, which takes very less time than the study and portfolio control. That is then taken with well-managed stocks. Index funds are thus able to run a lot more reduced than average hard managed stocks. Investing in indices funds have even initiated offering stocks with no costs, with a few well-managed funds providing a yearly capital ratio of 1% or higher. And, giving an index fund’s capital ratio of 0.1% or below can save you huge cash after some time. Besides, index funds are more tax-qualified than very well-managed funds. Any time a fund administrator bargains a holding. Then, there are tax suggestions for everybody who buys stocks of the fund. As many index fund providers do not make big modifications to their indices daily. Then, index funds usually do not buy and sell assets as much. Index fund administrators still need to fund new cash as it reaches. But, the fund can be particular of trading stocks when needed to reduce capital gains’ charges. By difference, well-managed mutual funds buy or sell positions every time. And, investors do not hold full control over the resulting chargeable gains. A Few Examples About Investing in Indices Funds Two index stocks emerge as explorers of the investment world, and both check the popular index of the S&P 500. The index fund of Vanguard 500 is then accredited as the initial index mutual fund. And that got started by Vanguard’s patron Jack Bogle in 1976. He needed to give shareholders a method to fund without difficulty. And, that is apart from depending on mutual fund administrators. Investing in indices, administrators are making buy and sell decisions to win the market. His study for his senior research at Princeton made him stop well-managed mutual funds. Indeed, well-managed funds usually down-perform market standards because of high charges and costs. Vanguard has grown as a trade giant in the indices fund business, with twelve of index funds. Next, the SPDR S&P 500 Exchange-traded fund was the main first mover in the indices ETF range. In the beginning, traded in the previous 1990s. The SPDR S&P 500 ETF lets shareholders trade funds stocks during the exchange day. Thus, giving what several saw as a benefit above the one regular trading that mutual funds permit. The organization that maintains that SPDR list of ETFs has also seen huge extensions. That is in both the index stocks it provides and the whole assets it has below management. Investing in Indices – Final words Investing in Indices can be performed indirectly. But, indices mutual funds and ETFs are now very free, affordable to own, and may occur with 0 charges. They are an ideal fix-it-and-ignore-it index choice. Thus, indexing yourself needs time and exercise. That is for investigating and making the perfect portfolio. Also, can be expensive to put in place. Derivatives trading uses expert insight. And, generally needs to create a margin account. That comes with options and futures trading support. And, will need you to move positions before they stop. Share this article: Funding Methods Scope Markets Scope Markets Scope Markets Scope Markets Scope Markets Scope Markets Scope Markets Scope Markets Scope Markets Scope Markets Scope Markets Scope Markets Contact Us Registered address: 5 Cork Street, Belize City, Belize C.A. [email protected] +44 2030 516959 Risk Disclaimer Legal Information Restricted Regions © Copyright 2020 Scope Markets. All Rights Reserved.
Why Is DC Called DC? How did DC become our capital? The Residence Act of July 16, 1790, put the nation’s capital in current-day Washington as part of a plan to appease pro-slavery states who feared a northern capital as being too sympathetic to abolitionists. Until then, Philadelphia had been the new nation’s hub.. Why is DC not a state? Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and also known as D.C. or Washington, is the capital city of the United States of America. … The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress, and the district is therefore not a part of any U.S. state. Can DC be a state? The Platform stated statehood for D.C. can only be advanced by a constitutional amendment, saying that any other means would be ‘invalid’. … In 2020, Republican President Donald Trump said Republicans oppose statehood because it would likely add two safe Democratic seats to the United States Senate. How many electoral votes does Washington DC have? Since the adoption of the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1961, Washington, D.C. has had three electoral votes in the election of the President and Vice President of the United States, and has participated in every U.S. presidential election since that time. Who is the representative of DC? Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton \| Representing the District of Columbia. Who is in charge of Washington DC? What is District of Columbia mean? “D.C.” stands for the “District of Columbia” which is the federal district containing the city of Washington. … The city is named for George Washington, military leader of the American Revolution and the first President of the United States. What does DC stand for in Washington DC? What is DC named after? American ignorance is a boundless thing. Spoiler: The capital is Washington, D.C., and it’s named after George Washington, the first president of the United States. Who owns the District of Columbia? In 1973, Congress granted DC limited Home Rule authority. Congress oversees DC through four Congressional subcommittees, four committees, the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the President. Is Columbia named after Columbus? COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) — The first city in the United States named for Christopher Columbus has removed a statue of the explorer and placed it in storage for safekeeping after it was vandalized several times in a week. … Columbia was named in 1786 for the female representation of Columbus.
The Philippines' position as an island country on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the country prone to earthquakes and typhoons. The country has a variety of natural resources and a globally significant level of biodiversity. The Philippines has an area of around 300,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi) with a population of around 109 million people. As of 2020, it is the 8th-most populated country in Asia and the 12th-most populated country in the world. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. Negritos, some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants, were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer leading a fleet for Spain, marked the beginning of Spanish colonization. In 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. Spanish settlement, beginning in 1565, led to the Philippines becoming part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. During this time, Catholicism became the dominant religion, and Manila became the western hub of trans-Pacific trade. In 1896, the Philippine Revolution began, which then became entwined with the 1898 Spanish–American War. Spain ceded the territory to the United States, while Filipino rebels declared the First Philippine Republic. The ensuing Philippine–American War ended with the United States establishing control over the territory, which they maintained until the Japanese invasion of the islands during World War II. Following liberation, the Philippines became independent in 1946. Since then, the unitary sovereign state has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by the People Power Revolution. The Philippines is a founding member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the East Asia Summit. The Philippines is considered to be an emerging market and a newly industrialized country, which has an economy transitioning from being based on agriculture to being based more on services and manufacturing. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte and Samar "Felipinas" after Philip II of Spain, then the Prince of Asturias. Eventually the name "Las Islas Filipinas" would be used to cover the archipelago's Spanish possessions.[17] Before Spanish rule was established, other names such as Islas del Poniente (Islands of the West) and Magellan's name for the islands, San Lázaro, were also used by the Spanish to refer to islands in the region.[18][19][20][21] During the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the period of the Spanish–American War (1898) and the Philippine–American War (1899–1902) until the Commonwealth period (1935–1946), American colonial authorities referred to the country as the Philippine Islands, a translation of the Spanish name.[22] The full title of the Republic of the Philippines was included in the 1935 constitution as the name of the future independent state.[23] There is evidence of early hominins living in what is now the Philippines as early as 709,000 years ago.[24] A small number of bones from Callao Cave potentially represent an otherwise unknown species, Homo luzonensis, that lived around 50,000 to 67,000 years ago.[25][26] The oldest modern human remains found on the islands are from the Tabon Caves of Palawan, U/Th-dated to 47,000 ± 11–10,000 years ago.[27] The Tabon Man is presumably a Negrito, who were among the archipelago's earliest inhabitants, descendants of the first human migrations out of Africa via the coastal route along southern Asia to the now sunken landmasses of Sundaland and Sahul.[28] The first Austronesians reached the Philippines at around 2200 BC, settling the Batanes Islands and northern Luzon from Taiwan. From there, they rapidly spread downwards to the rest of the islands of the Philippines and Southeast Asia.[29][30] This population assimilated with the existing Negritos resulting in the modern Filipino ethnic groups which display various ratios of genetic admixture between Austronesian and Negrito groups.[31] Jade artifacts have been found dated to 2000 BC,[32][33] with the lingling-o jade items crafted in Luzon made using raw materials originating from Taiwan.[34] By 1000 BC, the inhabitants of the archipelago had developed into four kinds of social groups: hunter-gatherer tribes, warrior societies, highland plutocracies, and port principalities.[35] The Laguna Copperplate Inscription, the oldest known writing found in the Philippines The earliest known surviving written record found in the Philippines is the Laguna Copperplate Inscription.[36] By the 1300s, a number of the large coastal settlements had emerged as trading centers, and became the focal point of societal changes.[37] Some polities had exchanges with other states across Asia.[38][39][40][41][42] Trade with China is believed to have begun during the Tang dynasty, but grew more extensive during the Song dynasty.[43] By the 2nd millennium CE, some Philippine polities were known to have sent trade delegations which participated in the tributary system of China.[44][38] Indian cultural traits, such as linguistic terms and religious practices, began to spread within the Philippines during the 10th century, likely via the Hindu Majapahit empire.[41][37][45] By the 15th century, Islam was established in the Sulu Archipelago and spread from there.[46] Polities founded in the Philippines from the 10th–16th centuries include Maynila,[47] Tondo, Namayan, Pangasinan, Cebu, Butuan, Maguindanao, Lanao, Sulu, and Ma-i.[48] The early polities were typically made up of three-tier social structure: a nobility class, a class of "freemen", and a class of dependent debtor-bondsmen.[37][38] Among the nobility were leaders called "Datus," responsible for ruling autonomous groups called "barangay" or "dulohan".[37] When these barangays banded together, either to form a larger settlement[37] or a geographically looser alliance group,[38] the more esteemed among them would be recognized as a "paramount datu",[37][35] rajah, or sultan[49] which headed the community state.[50] There is little evidence of large-scale violence in the archipelago prior to the 2nd millennium AD.[51][better source needed] However, warfare developed and escalated during the 14th to 16th centuries[52] and throughout these periods population density is thought to have been low.[53] In 1521, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the area, claimed the islands for Spain, and was then killed at the Battle of Mactan.[54] Colonization began when Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi arrived from Mexico in 1565.[55][56]:20–23 In 1571, Spanish Manila became the capital of the Spanish East Indies,[57] which encompassed Spanish territories in Asia and the Pacific.[58][59] The Spanish successfully invaded the different local states by employing the principle of divide and conquer,[60] bringing most of what is now the Philippines into a single unified administration.[61][62] Disparate barangays were deliberately consolidated into towns, where Catholic missionaries were more easily able to convert the inhabitants to Christianity.[63]:53, 68[64] From 1565 to 1821, the Philippines was governed as part of the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain, later administered from Madrid following the Mexican War of Independence.[65] Manila was the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade.[66] Manila galleons were constructed in Bicol and Cavite.[67][68] Spanish artillery along the walls of Intramuros to protect the city from local revolts and foreign invaders. During its rule, Spain quelled various indigenous revolts,[69] as well as defending against external military challenges.[70][71] Spanish forces included soldiers from elsewhere in New Spain, many of whom deserted and intermingled with the wider population.[72][73][74] Immigration blurred the racial caste system[63]:98[75][76] Spain maintained in towns and cities.[77] War against the Dutch from the West, in the 17th century, together with conflict with the Muslims in the South nearly bankrupted the colonial treasury.[78] Administration of the Philippine islands were considered a drain on the economy of Spain,[70] and there were debates about abandoning it or trading it for some other territory. However, this was opposed for a number of reasons, including economic potential, security, and the desire to continue religious conversion in the islands and the surrounding region.[79][80] The Philippines survived on an annual subsidy provided by the Spanish Crown,[70] which averaged 250,000 pesos[81] and was usually paid through the provision of 75 tons of silver bullion being sent from the Americas.[82] British forces occupied Manila from 1762 to 1764 during the Seven Years' War, with Spanish rule restored through the 1763 Treaty of Paris.[56]:81–83 The Spanish considered their war with the Muslims in Southeast Asia an extension of the Reconquista.[83] The Spanish–Moro conflict lasted for several hundred years. In the last quarter of the 19th century, Spain conquered portions of Mindanao and Jolo,[84] and the Moro Muslims in the Sultanate of Sulu formally recognized Spanish sovereignty.[85][86] In the 19th century, Philippine ports opened to world trade and shifts started occurring within Filipino society.[87][88] The Latin American wars of independence and renewed immigration led to shifts in social identity, with the term Filipino shifting from referring to Spaniards born in the Iberian Peninsula and in the Philippines to a term encompassing all people in the archipelago. This identity shift was driven by wealthy families of mixed ancestry, for which it developed into a national identity.[89][90] Revolutionary sentiments were stoked in 1872 after three activist Catholic priests were executed on weak pretences.[91][92][93] This would inspire a propaganda movement in Spain, organized by Marcelo H. del Pilar, José Rizal, and Mariano Ponce, lobbying for political reforms in the Philippines. Rizal was eventually executed on December 30, 1896, on charges of rebellion. This radicalized many who had previously been loyal to Spain.[94] As attempts at reform met with resistance, Andrés Bonifacio in 1892 established the militant secret society called the Katipunan, who sought independence from Spain through armed revolt.[95] The Katipunan started the Philippine Revolution in 1896.[96] Internal disputes led to the an election in which Bonifacio lost his position and Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as the new leader of the revolution.[97]:145–147 In 1897, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato brought about the exile of the revolutionary leadership to Hong Kong. In 1898, the Spanish–American War began and reached Philippines. Aguinaldo returned, resumed the revolution, and declared independence from Spain on June 12, 1898.[63]:112–113 The First Philippine Republic was established on January 21, 1899.[98] The islands had been ceded by Spain to the United States alongside Puerto Rico and Guam as a result of the latter's victory in the Spanish–American War.[99][100] As it became increasingly clear the United States would not recognize the First Philippine Republic, the Philippine–American War broke out.[101] War resulted in the deaths of 250,000 to 1 million civilians, mostly due to famine and disease.[102] After the defeat of the First Philippine Republic, an American civilian government was established.[103] American forces continued to secure and extend their control over the islands, suppressing an attempted extension of the Philippine Republic,[97]:200–202[104] securing the Sultanate of Sulu,[105] and establishing control over interior mountainous areas that had resisted Spanish conquest.[106] Cultural developments strengthened the continuing development of a national identity,[107][108] and Tagalog began to take precedence over other local languages.[63]:121 In 1935, the Philippines was granted Commonwealth status with Manuel Quezon as president and Sergio Osmeña as vice president.[109] Quezon's priorities were defence, social justice, inequality and economic diversification, and national character.[110] Tagalog was designated the national language,[111] women's suffrage was introduced,[112] and land reform mooted.[113][114] During World War II the Japanese Empire invaded[115] and the Second Philippine Republic, under Jose P. Laurel, was established as a puppet state.[116][117] From 1942 the Japanese occupation of the Philippines was opposed by large-scale underground guerrilla activity.[118][119][120] Atrocities and war crimes were committed during the war, including the Bataan Death March and the Manila massacre.[121][122] Allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945. By the end of the war it is estimated that over a million Filipinos had died.[123][124] On October 11, 1945, the Philippines became one of the founding members of the United Nations.[125][126] On July 4, 1946, the Philippines was officially recognized by the United States as an independent nation through the Treaty of Manila, during the presidency of Manuel Roxas.[126][127][128] Efforts to end the Hukbalahap Rebellion began during Elpidio Quirino's term,[129] however, it was only during Ramon Magsaysay's presidency was the movement suppressed.[130] Magsaysay's successor, Carlos P. Garcia, initiated the Filipino First Policy,[131] which was continued by Diosdado Macapagal, with celebration of Independence Day moved from July 4 to June 12, the date of Emilio Aguinaldo's declaration,[132][133] and pursuit of a claim on the eastern part of North Borneo.[134][135] In 1965, Macapagal lost the presidential election to Ferdinand Marcos. Early in his presidency, Marcos initiated numerous infrastructure projects[136] but, together with his wife Imelda, was accused of corruption and embezzling billions of dollars in public funds.[137] Nearing the end of his term, Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972.[138][139] This period of his rule was characterized by political repression, censorship, and human rights violations.[140] On August 21, 1983, Marcos' chief rival, opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr., was assassinated on the tarmac at Manila International Airport. Marcos called a snap presidential election in 1986.[141] Marcos was proclaimed the winner, but the results were widely regarded as fraudulent.[142] The resulting protests led to the People Power Revolution,[143] which forced Marcos and his allies to flee to Hawaii, and Aquino's widow, Corazon Aquino, was installed as president.[141][144] The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo was the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century. The return of democracy and government reforms beginning in 1986 were hampered by national debt, government corruption, coup attempts,[145][146] a persistent communist insurgency,[147][148] and a military conflict with Moro separatists.[149] The administration also faced a series of disasters, including the sinking of the MV Doña Paz in December 1987[150] and the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991.[151][152] Aquino was succeeded by Fidel V. Ramos, whose economic performance, at 3.6% growth rate,[153][154] was overshadowed by the onset of the 1997 Asian financial crisis.[155][156] Ramos' successor, Joseph Estrada, was overthrown by the 2001 EDSA Revolution and succeeded by his Vice President, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, on January 20, 2001.[157] Arroyo's 9-year administration was marked by economic growth,[158] but was tainted by graft and political scandals.[159][160] On November 23, 2009, 34 journalists and several civilians were killed in Maguindanao.[161][162] Economic growth continued during Benigno Aquino III's administration, which pushed for good governance and transparency.[163][164] In 2015, a clash which took place in Mamasapano, Maguindanao killed 44 members of the Philippine National Police-Special Action Force, resulting in efforts to pass the Bangsamoro Basic Law reaching an impasse.[165][166] Former Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte won the 2016 presidential election, becoming the first president from Mindanao.[167][168] Duterte launched an anti-drug campaign[169][170] and an infrastructure plan.[171][172] The implementation of the Bangsamoro Organic Law led to the creation of the autonomous Bangsamoro region in Mindanao.[173][174] In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic reached the country[175][176] causing the economy to contract by 9.5% in terms of gross domestic product since records began in 1947.[177] The Philippines is an archipelago composed of about 7,641 islands[178] with a total land area, including inland bodies of water, of around 300,000 square kilometers (115,831 sq mi),[179][180] with cadastral survey data suggesting it may be larger.[181] The 36,289 kilometers (22,549 mi) of coastline makes it the country with the fifth longest coastline in the world.[182] The exclusive economic zone of the Philippines covers 2,263,816 km2 (874,064 sq mi).[183] It is located between 116° 40', and 126° 34' E longitude and 4° 40' and 21° 10' N latitude and is bordered by the Philippine Sea to the east,[184][185] the South China Sea to the west,[186] and the Celebes Sea to the south.[187] The island of Borneo is located a few hundred kilometers southwest[188] and Taiwan is located directly to the north. Sulawesi is located to the southwest and Palau is located to the east of the islands.[189][190] The highest mountain is Mount Apo. It measures up to 2,954 meters (9,692 ft) above sea level and is located on the island of Mindanao.[191] The 10,540-metre (34,580 ft) Galathea Depth of the Philippine Trench in the Philippine Sea is the deepest point in the country and the third deepest in the world.[192][193][failed verification] The longest river is the Cagayan River in northern Luzon, measuring about 520 kilometers (320 mi).[194] Manila Bay,[195] upon the shore of which the capital city of Manila lies, is connected to Laguna de Bay,[196] the largest lake in the Philippines, by the Pasig River.[197] The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River, which runs 8.2 kilometers (5.1 mi) underground through a karst landscape before reaching the ocean, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[198] Mayon is the Philippines' most active volcano, located in southern Luzon Situated on the western fringes of the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Philippines experiences frequent seismic and volcanic activity.[199] The Benham Plateau to the east in the Philippine Sea is an undersea region active in tectonic subduction.[200] Around 20 earthquakes are registered daily, though most are too weak to be felt. The last major earthquake was the 1990 Luzon earthquake.[201] There are many active volcanoes such as the Mayon Volcano, Mount Pinatubo, and Taal Volcano.[202] The eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 produced the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century.[203] The Philippines is the world's second-biggest geothermal energy producer behind the United States, with 18% of the country's electricity needs being met by geothermal power.[204] The country has valuable[205] mineral deposits as a result of the its complex geologic structure and high level of seismic activity.[206][207] The Philippine are thought to have the second-largest gold deposits after South Africa, along with a large amount of copper deposits,[208] and the world's largest deposits of palladium.[209] Other minerals include chromite, nickel, and zinc. Despite this, a lack of law enforcement, poor management, opposition due to the presence of indigenous communities, and past instances of environmental damage and disaster, have resulted in these mineral resources remaining largely untapped.[208][210] The Philippines is a megadiverse country.[211][212] Eight major types of forests are distributed throughout the Philippines; dipterocarp, beach forest, pine forest, molave forest, lower montane forest, upper montane or mossy forest, mangroves, and ultrabasic forest.[213] Around 1,100 land vertebrate species can be found in the Philippines including over 100 mammal species and 170 bird species not thought to exist elsewhere.[214] The Philippines has among the highest rates of discovery in the world with sixteen new species of mammals discovered in the last ten years. Because of this, the rate of endemism for the Philippines has risen and likely will continue to rise.[215] Parts of its marine waters contain the highest diversity of shorefish species in the world.[216] Large reptiles include the Philippine crocodile[217] and saltwater crocodile.[218] The largest crocodile in captivity, known locally as Lolong, was captured in the southern island of Mindanao,[219] and died on February 10, 2013 from pneumonia and cardiac arrest.[220] The national bird, known as the Philippine eagle, has the longest body of any eagle; it generally measures 86 to 102 cm (2.82 to 3.35 ft) in length and weighs 4.7 to 8.0 kg (10.4 to 17.6 lb).[221][222] The Philippine eagle is part of the family Accipitridae and is endemic to the rainforests of Luzon, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao.[223] Philippine maritime waters encompass as much as 2,200,000 square kilometers (849,425 sq mi) producing unique and diverse marine life,[224] an important part of the Coral Triangle, a territory shared with other countries.[225][226] The total number of corals and marine fish species was estimated at 500 and 2,400 respectively.[214] New records[227][228] and species discoveries continue.[229][230][231] The Tubbataha Reef in the Sulu Sea was declared a World Heritage Site in 1993.[232] Philippine waters also sustain the cultivation of fish, crustaceans, oysters, and seaweeds.[233] One species of oyster, Pinctada maxima, produces pearls that are naturally golden in color.[234] Pearls have been declared a "National Gem".[235] With an estimated 13,500 plant species in the country, 3,200 of which are unique to the islands,[214] Philippine rainforests boast an array of flora,[236] including many rare types of orchids[237] and rafflesia.[238] Deforestation, often the result of illegal logging, is an acute problem in the Philippines. Forest cover declined from 70% of the Philippines's total land area in 1900 to about 18.3% in 1999.[239] Many species are endangered and scientists say that Southeast Asia, which the Philippines is part of, faces a catastrophic extinction rate of 20% by the end of the 21st century.[240] The Philippines has a tropical maritime climate that is usually hot and humid. There are three seasons: a hot dry season or summer from March to May; a rainy season from June to November; and a cool dry season from December to February. The southwest monsoon lasts from May to October, and the northeast monsoon from November to April. Temperatures usually range from 21 °C (70 °F) to 32 °C (90 °F). The coolest month is January; the warmest is May.[241] The average yearly temperature is around 26.6 °C (79.9 °F). In considering temperature, location in terms of latitude and longitude is not a significant factor, and temperatures at sea level tend to be in the same range. Altitude usually has more of an impact. The average annual temperature of Baguio at an elevation of 1,500 meters (4,900 ft) above sea level is 18.3 °C (64.9 °F), making it a popular destination during hot summers.[241] Annual rainfall measures as much as 5,000 millimeters (200 in) in the mountainous east coast section but less than 1,000 millimeters (39 in) in some of the sheltered valleys.[242] Sitting astride the typhoon belt, the islands experience 15–20 typhoons annually from July to October,[242] with around nineteen typhoons[243] entering the Philippine area of responsibility in a typical year and eight or nine making landfall.[244][245] Historically typhoons were sometimes referred to as baguios.[246] The wettest recorded typhoon to hit the Philippines dropped 2,210 millimeters (87 in) in Baguio from July 14 to 18, 1911.[247] The Philippines is highly exposed to climate change and is among the world's ten countries that are most vulnerable to climate change risks.[248] The Commission on Population estimated the country's population to be 107,190,081 as of December 31, 2018, based on the latest population census of 2015 conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority.[249] The population increased from 1990 to 2008 by approximately 28 million, a 45% growth in that time frame.[250] The first official census in the Philippines was carried out in 1877 and recorded a population of 5,567,685.[251] A third of the population resides in Metro Manila and its immediately neighboring regions.[252] The 2.34% average annual population growth rate between 1990 and 2000 decreased to an estimated 1.90% for the 2000–2010 period.[253] Government attempts to reduce population growth have been a contentious issue.[254] The population's median age is 22.7 years with 60.9% aged from 15 to 64 years old.[5] Life expectancy at birth is 69.4 years, 73.1 years for females and 65.9 years for males.[255] Poverty incidence dropped to 21.6% in 2015 from 25.2% in 2012.[256] Metro Manila is the most populous of the 3 defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines[257] and the 5th most populous in the world.[258] Census data from 2015 showed it had a population of 12,877,253 constituting almost 13% of the national population.[259] Including suburbs in the adjacent provinces (Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal) of Greater Manila, the population is around 23,088,000.[258] Across the country, the Philippines has a total urbanization rate of 51.2 percent.[259] Metro Manila's gross regional product was estimated as of 2009 to be 468.4 billion (at constant 1985 prices) and accounts for 33% of the nation's GDP.[260] In 2011 Manila ranked as the 28th wealthiest urban agglomeration in the world and the 2nd in Southeast Asia.[261] There is substantial ethnic diversity with the Philippines, a product of the seas and mountain ranges dividing the archipelago along with significant foreign influences.[262] According to the 2010 census, 24.4% of Filipinos are Tagalog, 11.4% Visayans/Bisaya (excluding Cebuano, Hiligaynon and Waray), 9.9% Cebuano, 8.8% Ilocano, 8.4% Hiligaynon, 6.8% Bikol, 4% Waray, and 26.2% are "others",[5][263] which can be broken down further to yield more distinct non-tribal groups like the Moro, the Kapampangan, the Pangasinense, the Ibanag, and the Ivatan.[264] There are also indigenous peoples like the Igorot, the Lumad, the Mangyan, the Bajau, and the tribes of Palawan.[265] Negritos are considered among the earliest inhabitants of the islands.[266] These minority aboriginal settlers are an Australoid group and are a left-over from the first human migration out of Africa to Australia, and were likely displaced by later waves of migration.[267] At least some Negritos in the Philippines have Denisovan admixture in their genomes.[268][269] Ethnic Filipinos generally belong to several Southeast Asian ethnic groups classified linguistically as part of the Austronesian or Malayo-Polynesian speaking people.[265] There is some uncertainty over the origin of this Austronesian speaking population, with it being likely that ancestors related to Taiwanese aborigines brought their language and mixed with existing populations in the area.[270][271] European DNA is present in many Filipinos today.[272] A craniometric study reveals that samples taken from graveyards across the Philippines show a mean ratio of European descent of circa 6%.[273] Under Spanish rule there was also immigration from elsewhere in the empire, especially from Latin America.[274] Chinese Filipinos are mostly the descendants of immigrants from Fujian in China after 1898,[275] numbering around 2 million, although there are an estimated 20 percent of Filipinos who have partial Chinese ancestry, stemming from precolonial and colonial Chinese migrants.[276] While a distinct minority, Chinese Filipinos are well-integrated into Filipino society.[262][277] As of 2015, there were 220,000 to 600,000 American citizens living in the country.[278] There are also up to 250,000 Amerasians scattered across the cities of Angeles, Manila, Clark and Olongapo.[279] Other important non-indigenous minorities include Indians[280] and Arabs.[281] There are also Japanese people, which include escaped Christians (Kirishitan) who fled the persecutions of Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu which the Spanish empire in the Philippines had offered asylum from.[282] The descendants of mixed-race couples are known as Tisoy.[283] Ethnologue lists 186 individual languages in the Philippines, 182 of which are living languages, while 4 no longer have any known speakers. Most native languages are part of the Philippine branch of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, which is itself a branch of the Austronesian language family.[265][285] In addition, various Spanish-based creole varieties collectively called Chavacano exist.[286] There are also many Philippine Negrito languages that have unique vocabularies that survived Austronesian acculturation.[287] Filipino and English are the official languages of the country.[288] Filipino is a standardized version of Tagalog, spoken mainly in Metro Manila.[289] Both Filipino and English are used in government, education, print, broadcast media, and business, with third local languages often being used at the same time.[290] The Philippine constitution provides for the promotion of Spanish and Arabic on a voluntary and optional basis.[288] Spanish, which was widely used as a lingua franca in the late nineteenth century, has since declined greatly in use,[291] although Spanish loanwords are still present today in Philippine languages,[292][293] while Arabic is mainly taught in Islamic schools in Mindanao.[294] The Philippines is a secular state which protects freedom of religion. Christianity is the dominant faith,[298][299] shared by over 92% of the population.[300] As of 2013, the country had the world's third largest Roman Catholic population, and was the largest Christian nation in Asia.[301] Census data from 2015 found that about 79.53% of the population professed Catholicism.[302] Around 37% of the population regularly attend Mass. 29% of self-identified Catholics consider themselves very religious.[303] An independent Catholic church, the Philippine Independent Church, has around 66,959 adherents.[302] Protestants were 10.8% of the population in 2010.[304] 2.64% of the population are members of Iglesia ni Cristo.[302] The combined following of the Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches comes to 2.42% of the total population.[302][305] Islam is the second largest religion. The Muslim population of the Philippines was reported as 6.01% of the total population according to census returns in 2015.[302] Conversely, a 2012 report by the National Commission of Muslim Filipinos (NCMF) stated that about 10,700,000 or 11% of Filipinos are Muslims.[298] The majority of Muslims live in Mindanao and nearby islands.[299][306] Most practice Sunni Islam under the Shafi'i school.[307][308] The percentage of combined positive atheist and agnostic people in the Philippines was measured to be about 3% of the population as of 2008.[309] The 2015 Philippine Census reported the religion of about 0.02% of the population as "none".[302] A 2014 survey by Gallup International Association reported that 21% of its respondents identify as "not a religious person".[310] Around 0.24% of the population practice indigenous Philippine folk religions,[302] whose practices and folk beliefs are often syncretized with Christianity and Islam.[311][312] Buddhism is practiced by around 0.03% of the population,[302] concentrated among Filipinos of Chinese descent.[313] In 2016, 63.1% of healthcare came from private expenditures while 36.9% was from the government (12.4% from the national government, 7.1% from the local government, and 17.4% from social health insurance).[314] Total health expenditure share in GDP for the year 2016 was 4.5%. Per capita health expenditure rate in 2015 was US$323, which was one of the lowest in Southeast Asia.[315] The budget allocation for Healthcare in 2019 was ₱98.6 billion[316] and had an increase in budget in 2014 with a record high in the collection of taxes from the House Bill 5727 (commonly known as Sin tax Bill).[317] There were 101,688 hospital beds in the country in 2016, with government hospital beds accounting for 47% and private hospital beds for 53%.[318] In 2009, there were an estimated 90,370 physicians or 1 per every 833 people, 480,910 nurses and 43,220 dentists.[319] Retention of skilled practitioners is a problem. Seventy percent of nursing graduates go overseas to work. As of 2007, the Philippines was the largest supplier of nurses for export.[320] The Philippines suffers a triple burden of high levels of communicable diseases, high levels of non-communicable diseases, and high exposure to natural disasters.[321] In 2018, there were 1,258 hospitals licensed by the Department of Health, of which 433 (34%) were government-run and 825 (66%) private.[322] A total of 20,065 barangay health stations (BHS) and 2,590 rural health units (RHUs) provide primary care services throughout the country as of 2016.[323] Cardiovascular diseases account for more than 35% of all deaths.[324][325] 9,264 cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were reported for the year 2016, with 8,151 being asymptomatic cases.[326] At the time the country was considered a low-HIV-prevalence country, with less than 0.1% of the adult population estimated to be HIV-positive.[327] HIV/AIDS cases increased from 12,000 in 2005[328] to 39,622 as of 2016, with 35,957 being asymptomatic cases.[326] There is improvement in patients access to medicines due to Filipinos' growing acceptance of generic drugs, with 6 out of 10 Filipinos already using generics.[329] While the country's universal healthcare implementation is underway as spearheaded by the state-owned Philippine Health Insurance Corporation,[330] most healthcare-related expenses are either borne out of pocket[331] or through health maintenance organization (HMO)-provided health plans. As of April 2020, there are only about 7 million individuals covered by these plans.[332] Founded in 1611, the University of Santo Tomas is the oldest extant university in Asia. The Philippines had a simple literacy rate of 98.3% as of 2015, and a functional literacy rate of 90.3% as of 2013.[333] Education takes up a significant proportion of the national budget. In the 2020 budget, education was allocated PHP17.1 billion from the PHP4.1 trillion budget.[334] The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) lists 2,180 higher education institutions, among which 607 are public and 1,573 are private.[335] Classes start in June and end in March. The majority of colleges and universities follow a semester calendar from June to October and November to March, while some have adopted an increasingly common semester calendar from August to December and January to May.[336][failed verification] Primary and secondary schooling is divided between a 6-year elementary period, a 4-year junior high school period, and a 2-year senior high school period.[337][338][339] The Department of Education (DepEd) covers elementary, secondary, and non-formal education.[340] The (TESDA) administers middle-level education training and development.[341][342] The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) was created in 1994 to, among other functions, formulate and recommend development plans, policies, priorities, and programs on higher education and research.[343] In 2004, madaris were mainstreamed in 16 regions nationwide, mainly in Muslim areas in Mindanao under the auspices and program of the Department of Education.[344] Public universities are all non-sectarian entities, and are further classified as State Universities and Colleges (SUC) or Local Colleges and Universities (LCU).[335] The University of the Philippines, a system of eight (8) constituent universities, is the national university system of the Philippines.[345] The country's top ranked universities are as follows: University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University, and University of Santo Tomas.[346][347][348] The University of Santo Tomas, established in 1611, has the oldest extant university charter in the Philippines and Asia.[349][350] The Philippines has a democratic government in the form of a constitutional republic with a presidential system.[351] The President functions as both head of state and head of government[262] and is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.[351] The president is elected by popular vote for a single six-year term,[352] during which he or she appoints and presides over the cabinet.[353]:213–214 Rodrigo Duterte was elected to a six-year term as president in 2016.[167] The bicameral Congress is composed of the Senate, serving as the upper house, with members elected to a six-year term, and the House of Representatives, serving as the lower house, with members elected to a three-year term.[354] Philippine politics tends to be dominated by those with well-known names, such as members of political dynasties or celebrities.[355][356] Senators are elected at large[354] while the representatives are elected from both legislative districts and through sectoral representation.[353]:162–163 The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court, composed of a Chief Justice as its presiding officer and fourteen associate justices,[357] all of whom are appointed by the President from nominations submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council.[351] The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both within the single urban area of Metro Manila.[358] There have been attempts to change the government to a federal, unicameral, or parliamentary government since the Ramos administration.[359] There is a significant amount of corruption in the Philippines,[360][361][362] which some historians attribute to the system of governance put in place during the Spanish colonial period.[363] As a founding and active member of the United Nations,[364] the country has been elected to the Security Council.[365] Carlos P. Romulo was a former President of the United Nations General Assembly.[366][367] The country is an active participant in peacekeeping missions, particularly in East Timor.[368][369] Over 10 million Filipinos live and work overseas.[370][371] The Philippines is a founding and active member of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations).[372] It has hosted several summits and is an active contributor to the direction and policies of the bloc.[373][374] It is also a member of the East Asia Summit (EAS),[375] the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Group of 24, and the Non-Aligned Movement.[376] The country is also seeking to obtain observer status in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.[377][378] The Philippines has a long relationship with the United States, covering economics, security, and people-to-people relations.[379] A mutual defense treaty between the two countries was signed in 1951, and supplemented later with the 1999 Visiting Forces Agreement and the 2016 Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement.[380] The Philippines supported American policies during the Cold War and participated in the Korean and Vietnam wars.[381][382] In 2003 the Philippines was designated a Major non-NATO ally.[383] Under President Duterte ties with the United States have weakened[384] with military purchases instead coming from China and Russia,[385][386] while Duterte states that the Philippines will no longer participate in any US-led wars.[387] In 2021, it was revealed the United States would defend the Philippines including the South China sea.[388] The Philippines attaches great importance in its relations with China, and has established significant cooperation with the country.[389][390][391][392][393][394] Japan is the biggest bilateral contributor of official development assistance to the country.[395][396][397] Although historical tensions exist due to the events of World War II, much of the animosity has faded.[398] Historical and cultural ties continue to affect relations with Spain.[399][400] Relations with Middle Eastern countries are shaped by the high number of Filipinos working in these countries,[401] and by issues relating the Muslim minority in the Philippines.[402] Concerns have been raised regarding issues such as domestic abuse and war affecting[403][404] the around 2.5 million overseas Filipino workers in the region.[405] The Philippines has claims in the Spratly Islands which overlap with claims by China, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The largest of its controlled islands in Thitu Island, which contains the Philippine's smallest village.[406][407] The Scarborough Shoal standoff in 2012, where China took control of the shoal from the Philippines, led to an international arbitration case[408] and has made the shoal a prominent symbol in the wider dispute.[409] The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) consist of three branches: the Philippine Air Force, the Philippine Army, and the Philippine Navy.[410] The Armed Forces of the Philippines are a volunteer force.[411] Civilian security is handled by the Philippine National Police under the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).[412][413] In Bangsamoro, the largest separatist organizations, the Moro National Liberation Front and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front were engaging the government politically as of 2007.[414][needs update] Other more militant groups like the Abu Sayyaf have kidnapped foreigners for ransom, particularly in the Sulu Archipelago.[416][417][418][419] Their presence decreased due to successful security provided by the Philippine government.[420][421] The Communist Party of the Philippines and its military wing, the New People's Army, have been waging guerrilla warfare against the government since the 1970s, reaching its apex in 1986 when Communist guerrillas gained control of a fifth of the country's territory, before significantly dwindling militarily and politically after the return of democracy in 1986.[422][423] As of 2018, $2.843 billion,[424] or 1.1 percent of GDP is spent on military forces.[425] The Philippines is governed as a unitary state, with the exception of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM),[426] although there has been several steps towards decentralization within the unitary framework.[427][428] A 1991 law devolved some powers to local governments.[429] The country is divided into 17 regions, 81 provinces, 146 cities, 1,488 municipalities, and 42,036 barangays.[430] Regions other than Bangsamoro serve primarily to organize the provinces of the country for administrative convenience.[431] As of 2015, Calabarzon was the most populated region while the National Capital Region (NCR) the most densely populated.[432] The Philippine economy has produced an estimated gross domestic product (nominal) of $356.8 billion.[434] Primary exports include semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, and fruits. Major trading partners include the United States, Japan, China, Singapore, South Korea, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Germany, Taiwan, and Thailand.[5] Its unit of currency is the Philippine peso (₱[435] or PHP[436]).[437] A newly industrialized country,[438] the Philippine economy has been transitioning from one based upon agriculture to an economy with more emphasis upon services and manufacturing.[439] Of the country's 2018 labor force of around 43.46 million, the agricultural sector employed 24.3%,[440] and accounted for 8.1% of 2018 GDP.[441] The industrial sector employed around 19% of the workforce and accounted for 34.1% of GDP, while 57% of the workers involved in the services sector were responsible for 57.8% of GDP.[441][442] The unemployment rate as of October 2019, stands at 4.5%.[443] Meanwhile, due to lower charges in basic necessities, the inflation rate eased to 1.7% in August 2019.[444] Gross international reserves as of October 2013 are $83.201 billion.[445] The Debt-to-GDP ratio continues to decline to 37.6% as of the second quarter of 2019[446][447] from a record high of 78% in 2004.[448] The country is a net importer[449] but it is also a creditor nation.[450] Manila hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank.[451] The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis affected the economy, resulting in a lingering decline of the value of the peso and falls in the stock market. The extent it was affected initially was not as severe as that of some of its Asian neighbors. This was largely due to the fiscal conservatism of the government, partly as a result of decades of monitoring and fiscal supervision from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), in comparison to the massive spending of its neighbors on the rapid acceleration of economic growth.[153] There have been signs of progress since. In 2004, the economy experienced 6.4% GDP growth and 7.1% in 2007, its fastest pace of growth in three decades.[453][454] Average annual GDP growth per capita for the period 1966–2007 still stands at 1.45% in comparison to an average of 5.96% for the East Asia and the Pacific region as a whole. The daily income for 45% of the population of the Philippines remains less than $2.[455][456][457][obsolete source] Remittances from overseas Filipinos contribute significantly to the Philippine economy.[458] Remittances peaked in 2006 at 10.4% of the national GDP, and were 8.6% and 8.5% in 2012 and in 2014 respectively.[458] In 2014 the total worth of foreign exchange remittances was US$28 billion.[459] Regional development is uneven, with Luzon – Metro Manila in particular – gaining most of the new economic growth at the expense of the other regions.[460][461] Service industries such as tourism[462] and business process outsourcing have been identified as areas with some of the best opportunities for growth for the country.[463] The Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry is composed of eight sub-sectors, namely, knowledge process outsourcing and back offices, animation, call centers, software development, game development, engineering design, and medical transcription.[464] In 2010, the Philippines was reported as having eclipsed India as the main center of BPO services in the world.[465][466][467] The Department of Science and Technology is the governing agency responsible for the development of coordination of .[468] Research organizations in the country include the International Rice Research Institute,[469] which focuses on the development of new rice varieties and rice crop management techniques.[470] The Philippines bought its first satellite in 1996.[471] In 2016, the Philippines first micro-satellite, Diwata-1 was launched aboard the US Cygnus spacecraft.[472] The Philippines has a high concentration of cellular phone users.[473] Text messaging is a popular form of communication and, in 2007, the nation sent an average of one billion SMS messages per day.[474] The country has a high level of mobile financial services utilization.[475] The Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company, commonly known as PLDT, is a formerly nationalized telecommunications provider.[473] It is also the largest company in the country.[476] The National Telecommunications Commission is the agency responsible for the supervision, adjudication and control over all telecommunications services throughout the country.[477] There are approximately 417 AM and 1079 FM radio stations and 438 television and 1,551 cable television stations.[478] On March 29, 1994, the country was connected to the Internet via a 64 kbit/s connection from a router serviced by PLDT to a Sprint router in California.[479] Estimates for Internet penetration in the Philippines vary widely ranging from a low of 2.5 million to a high of 24 million people.[480][481] Social networking and watching videos are among the most frequent Internet activities.[482] The Philippine population is the world's top internet user.[483] The travel and tourism sector contributed 10.6% of the country's GDP in 2015[484] and providing 1,226,500 jobs in 2013.[485] 8,260,913 international visitors arrived from January to December 2019, up by 15.24% for the same period in 2018.[486] 58.62% (4,842,774) of these came from East Asia, 15.84% (1,308,444) came from North America, and 6.38% (526,832) came from other ASEAN countries.[333] The island of Boracay, popular for its beaches, was named as the best island in the world by Travel + Leisure in 2012.[487] The Philippines is also a popular retirement destination for foreigners due to its climate and low cost of living.[488] Transportation in the Philippines is facilitated by road, air, rail and waterways. As of December 2018, there are 210,528 kilometers (130,816 mi) of roads in the Philippines, with only 65,101 kilometers (40,452 mi) of roads paved.[489] The 919-kilometer (571 mi) Strong Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH), an integrated set of highway segments and ferry routes covering 17 cities was established in 2003.[490] The Pan-Philippine Highway connects the islands of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao, forming the backbone of land-based transportation in the country.[491] Roads are the dominant form of transport, carrying 98% of people and 58% of cargo. A network of expressways extends from the capital to other areas of Luzon.[492] The 8.25-kilometre (5.13 mi) Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway in Cebu will be finished by 2021.[493] Traffic is a significant issue facing the country, especially within Manila and on arterial roads connecting to the capital.[494] Public transport in the country include buses, jeepneys, UV Express, TNVS, Filcab, taxis, and tricycles.[495][496] Jeepneys are a popular and iconic public utility vehicle.[497] Jeepneys and other Public Utility Vehicles which are older than 15 years are being phased out gradually in favor of a more efficient and environmentally friendly Euro 4 compliant vehicles.[498][499] Despite wider historical use, rail transport in the Philippines is extremely limited, being confined to transporting passengers within Metro Manila and neighboring Laguna, with a separate short track in the Bicol Region.[500] There are plans to revive Freight transport to reduce road congestion.[501][502] As of 2019, the country had a railway footprint of only 79 kilometers, which it had plans to expand up to 244 kilometers.[503][504] Metro Manila is served by three rapid transit lines: LRT Line 1, LRT Line 2 and MRT Line 3.[505][506][507] The PNR South Commuter Line transports passengers between Metro Manila and Laguna.[508] Railway lines that are under-construction include the 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) Line 2 East Extension Project (2020),[509] the 22.8-kilometre (14.2 mi) MRT Line 7 (2020),[510] the 35-kilometre (22 mi) Metro Manila Subway (2025),[511] and the 109-kilometre (68 mi) PNR North-South Commuter Railway which is divided into several phases, with partial operations to begin in 2022.[512] The civil airline industry is regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines.[513] Philippine Airlines is Asia's oldest commercial airline still operating under its original name.[514][515] Cebu Pacific is the countries leading low-cost carrier.[516] As an archipelago, inter-island travel using watercraft is often necessary.[517] Boats have always been important to societies in the Philippines.[518][519] Most boats are double-outrigger vessels, which can reach up to 30 metres (98 ft) in length, known as banca[520]/bangka,[521] parao, prahu, or balanghay. A variety of boat types are used throughout the islands, such as dugouts (baloto) and house-boats like the lepa-lepa.[519] Terms such as bangka and baroto are also used as general names for a variety of boat types.[521] Modern ships use plywood in place of logs and motor engines in place of sails.[520] These ships are used both for fishing and for inter-island travel.[521] The principal seaports of Manila, Batangas, Subic Bay, Cebu, Iloilo, Davao, Cagayan de Oro, General Santos, and Zamboanga form part of the ASEAN Transport Network.[522][523] The Pasig River Ferry serves the cities of Manila, Makati, Mandaluyong, Pasig and Marikina in Metro Manila.[524][525] In 2015, it was reported by the that 74% of the population had access to improved sanitation, and that "good progress" had been made between 1990 and 2015.[526] As of 2016, 96% of Filipino households have an improved source of drinking water, and 92% of households had sanitary toilet facilities, although connections of these toilet facilities to appropriate sewerage systems remain largely insufficient especially in rural and urban poor communities.[527] There is significant cultural diversity across the islands, reinforced by the fragmented geography of the country.[528] The cultures within Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago developed in a particularly distinct manner, due to very limited degree of Spanish influence and greater influence from nearby Islamic regions.[529] Despite this, a national identity emerged in the 19th century, the development of which is represented by shared national symbols and other cultural and historical touchstones.[528] One of the most visible Hispanic legacies is the prevalence of Spanish names and surnames among Filipinos; a Spanish name and surname, however, does not necessarily denote Spanish ancestry. This peculiarity, unique among the people of Asia, came as a result of a colonial edict by Governor-General Narciso Clavería y Zaldua, which ordered the systematic distribution of family names and implementation of Hispanic nomenclature on the population.[530] The names of many locations are also Spanish, or stem from Spanish roots and origins.[531] There is a substantial American influence on modern Filipino culture.[262] The common use of the English language is an example of the American impact on Philippine society. It has contributed to the influence of American pop cultural trends.[532] This affinity is seen in Filipinos' consumption of fast food and American film and music.[533] American global fast-food chain stalwarts have entered the market, but local fast-food chains like Goldilocks[534] and most notably Jollibee, the leading fast-food chain in the country, have emerged and compete successfully against foreign chains.[535] The Ati-Atihan, Moriones and Sinulog festivals are among the most well-known.[536][537][538] Philippine mythology has been handed down primarily through the traditional oral folk literature of the Filipino people. Some popular figures from Philippine mythologies are Maria Makiling, Lam-Ang, and the Sarimanok.[539] Philippine literature comprises works usually written in Filipino, Spanish, or English. Some of the most known were created from the 17th to 19th century.[540] Adarna, for example, is a famous epic about an eponymous magical bird allegedly written by José de la Cruz or "Huseng Sisiw".[541] Francisco Balagtas, the poet and playwright who wrote Florante at Laura, is recognized as a preeminent writer in the Tagalog (Filipino) language.[542] José Rizal wrote the novels Noli Me Tángere (Touch Me Not) and El Filibusterismo (The Filibustering, also known as The Reign of Greed).[543] Spanish architecture has left an imprint in the Philippines in the way many towns were designed around a central square or plaza mayor, but many of the buildings bearing its influence were demolished during World War II.[47] Four Philippine baroque churches are included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the San Agustín Church in Manila, Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte, Nuestra Señora de la Asunción (Santa María) Church in Ilocos Sur, and Santo Tomás de Villanueva Church in Iloilo.[544] Vigan in Ilocos Sur is also known for the many Hispanic-style houses and buildings preserved there.[545] American rule introduced new architectural styles. This led to the construction of government buildings and Art Deco theaters. During the American period, some semblance of city planning using the architectural designs and master plans by Daniel Burnham was done on the portions of the city of Manila. Part of the Burnham plan was the construction of government buildings that resembled Greek or Neoclassical architecture.[546] In Iloilo, structures from both the Spanish and American periods can still be seen, especially in Calle Real.[547] Certain areas of the country like Batanes have slight differences as both Spanish and Filipino ways of architecture assimilated differently due to the climate. Limestones were used as a building material, with houses being built to withstand typhoons.[548] During the Spanish era Rondalya music, where traditional string orchestra mandolin type instruments were used, was widespread.[549] Kundiman developed in the 1920s and 30's,[550] and had a renaissance in the postwar period.[551] The American colonial period exposed many Filipinos to US culture and popular forms of music.[550] Rock music was introduced to Filipinos in the 1960s, and developed into Filipino rock, or "Pinoy rock", a term encompassing diverse styles such as pop rock, alternative rock, heavy metal, punk, new wave, ska, and reggae. Martial law in the 1970s produced several Filipino folk rock bands and artists who were at the forefront of political demonstrations.[552] The 1970s also saw the birth of Manila Sound[553] and Original Pilipino Music (OPM).[554] Filipino hip-hop traces its origins back to 1979, entering the mainstream in 1990.[555][556] Recently K-pop has become popular.[557] Karaoke is a popular activity in the country.[558] In general, there are two types of Philippine traditional folk dance. The first one reflects the influence under the Spanish occupation and the other, the country's profuseness of tribes that offer their own tribal dances. The music that incorporates the former are mostly bandurria-based bands that utilizes 14th string guitars. One example of such type is the Cariñosa. A Hispanic Filipino dance, unofficially considered as the "National Dance of the Philippines".[559] Another example is the Tinikling.[560] In the Modern and Post-Modern time periods, dances may vary from the delicate ballet up to the more street-oriented styles of breakdancing.[561][562] Filipino values are, for the most part, centered around maintaining social harmony, motivated primarily by the desire to be accepted within a group. The main sanction against diverging from these values are the concepts of "Hiya", roughly translated as 'a sense of shame',[564] and "Amor propio" or 'self-esteem'.[565] Social approval, acceptance by a group, and belonging to a group are major concerns. Caring about what others will think, say or do, are strong influences on social behavior among Filipinos.[566] Regional variations exist throughout the islands, for example rice is a standard starch in Luzon while cassava is more common in Mindanao.[569] Filipino taste buds tend to favor robust flavors, but the cuisine is not as spicy as those of its neighbors.[570] The traditional way of eating with the hands known as kamayan (using the hand for bringing food to the mouth)[572] was previously more often seen in the less urbanized areas.[569] However, due to the various Filipino restaurants that introduced Filipino food to people of other nationalities, as well as to Filipino urbanites, kamayan fast became popular.[573][574] This recent trend also sometimes incorporates the "Boodle fight" concept (as popularized and coined by the Philippine Army), wherein banana leaves are used as giant plates on top of which rice portions and Filipino viands are placed all together for a filial, friendly or communal kamayan feasting.[575] Philippine media uses mainly Filipino and English, though broadcasting has shifted to Filipino.[290] There are large numbers of both radio stations and newspapers.[576] The top three newspapers by nationwide readership as well as credibility[577] are the Philippine Daily Inquirer, Manila Bulletin, and The Philippine Star.[578][579] While freedom of the press is protected by the constitution, the country is very dangerous for journalists.[576][580] The dominant television networks were ABS-CBN and GMA, both being free to air.[576] ABS-CBN, at the time the largest network[581] was shut down following a cease and desist order issued by the National Telecommunications Commission on May 5, 2020, a day after the expiration of the network's franchise.[582] Prior to this move, Duterte accused ABS-CBN of being biased against his administration and vowed to block the renewal of their franchise. However, critics of the Duterte administration, human rights groups, and media unions said the shutdown of ABS-CBN was an attack on press freedom.[581][583] On July 10, 2020, the House of Representatives declined a renewal of ABS-CBN's TV and radio franchise, voted 70–11.[581] TV, the Internet,[584] and social media, particularly Facebook, remain the top source of news and information for majority of Filipinos as newspaper readership continues to decline.[585][586] English broadsheets are popular among executives, professionals and students.[587] Cheaper Tagalog tabloids, which feature crime, sex, gossips and gore, saw a rise in the 1990s, and tend to be popular among the masses, particularly in Manila.[587][588][589] Philippine cinema began at the end of the 19th century,[590] and made up around 20% of the domestic market during the second half of the 20th century. During the 21st century however, the industry has struggled to compete with larger budget foreign films.[591] Critically acclaimed Philippines films include Himala (Miracle).[592][593][594] Moving pictures were first shown in the Philippines on January 1, 1897.[595][596] All films were all in Spanish since Philippine cinema was first introduced during the final years of the Spanish era of the country. Antonio Ramos was the first known movie producer.[597][598] Meanwhile, Jose Nepomuceno was dubbed as the "Father of Philippine Movies".[599] His work marked the start of the local production of movies. Production companies remained small during the era of silent film, but 1933 saw the emergence of sound films and the arrival of the first significant production company. The postwar 1940s and the 1950s are regarded as a high point for Philippine cinema.[107] The growing dominance of Hollywood films and the cost of production has severely reduced local filmmaking.[600][601] Nonetheless, some local films continue to find success.[602][603] Basketball is played at both amateur and professional levels and is considered to be the most popular sport in the Philippines.[604] In 2010, Manny Pacquiao was named "Fighter of the Decade" for the 2000s by the Boxing Writers Association of America.[605] The national martial art and sport of the country is Arnis.[606][607] Sabong or cockfighting is another popular entertainment especially among Filipino men, and was documented by Magellan's voyage as a pastime in the kingdom of Taytay.[608] Beginning in 1924, the Philippines has competed in every Summer Olympic Games, except when they participated in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics.[609][610] The Philippines is also the first tropical nation to compete at the Winter Olympic Games debuting in the 1972 edition.[611][612]
How can I find the cost function c(w,p) given that the production is $f(x) = x_1+x_2$ I did Lagrangien's method but my problem is that I got no $x_1$ and no $x_2$ after taking the derivate. So I would like to know how can I derive a cost function? Thanks in advance ! • $\begingroup$ x1, x2 are factors of production? w, p are prices of these factors? $\endgroup$ – Dayne Jan 5 at 10:57 • 1 $\begingroup$ You can solve this without explicitly solving the langrangian. From production function, it is clear that whichever factor is cheaper, you use only that as the marginal product is constant. WLOG let $w<p$. So producer will only use $x_1$ for production. Cost of production is therefore simply $C=wY=wx_1$ $\endgroup$ – Dayne Jan 5 at 11:06 • $\begingroup$ Did you check the conditions under which is it allowed to use the Lagrangien? $\endgroup$ – Bertrand Jan 5 at 11:13 • $\begingroup$ ok , so I just say if w1<w2 so C = w1y else if w1> w2 so C = w2y ? But what are my x1* and my x2* ? $\endgroup$ – victor Jan 5 at 11:23 • $\begingroup$ The equilibrium amount of the good with the higher w will be 0. The other one will depend on the market structure and the factor cost. Since mc is constant, the firm will either produce nothing if p<mc, or as much as possible if p>mc, under perfect competition. $\endgroup$ – Andre Jan 5 at 14:13 Imagine that you are a dictator in Sausageland. Your legitimicay depends on you delevering sausages to the inhabitants. Each inhabitant must be given 1 sausage and there are $y$ inhabitants. To produce sausages you command two factories: One factory produces $x_1$ vegan sausages using $x_1$ cabbage heads the other factory produces $x_2$ pork sausages using $x_2$ units of pork meat. Which factory do you use? Well since the factories are equally productive transforming one unit of input into one unit of output independent of the level of production $y$ you simple follow the rule of cost minimizing and use the factory for which the input is the cheapest. Vegan sausage case: So in the case where $w_1<w_2$ it follows that $\min(w_1,w_2) = w_1$ and $y=x_1$ so costs are $w_1x_1$ which is $\min(w_1,w_2)y$. Pork sausage case: So in the case where $w_2<w_1$ it follows that $\min(w_1,w_2) = w_2$ and $y=x_2$ so costs are $w_2x_2$ which is $\min(w_1,w_2)y$. In the knife edge case where $w_1=w_2$ it does not matter whether you produce pork sausages or cabbage sausages they are equally costly to produce so the only requirement is that the total number of sausages add up to $y$ hence $x_1+x_2=y$ with the solution set $\{(x_1,x_2) \lvert x_1+x_2=y,x_1\geq0,x_2\geq 0\}$. Combined sausage case: So in the case where $w_2=w_1$ it follows that $\min(w_1,w_2) = w_2=w_1$ and $y=x_2+x_1$ so costs are $w_1x_1+w_2x_2 = w_1(x_1+x_2) = w_1 y$ which is $\min(w_1,w_2)y$. So in all three cases the cost function can be written as $$C(w_1,w_2,y) = \min(w_1,w_2)y$$ Cost minimizing program Another approach is to set up the cost minimizing program. The costs are given as $w_1x_1 + w_2x_2$ which is the objective function to be minimized. The constraints are that $f(x_1,x_2) = x_1 + x_2 \geq y$ and $x_1\geq 0$ and $x_2\geq 0$. The cost function is derived by solving the problem $$\min_{x_1,x_2} \ \ w_1x_1 + w_2x_2 \\ s.t. \ \ x_1 + x_2 \geq y \\ \ \ x_1 \geq 0 \\ \ \ x_2 \geq 0$$ The costs are given as $w_1x_1 + w_2x_2$ and they are to be minimized subject to the constraint that at least $y$ is produced as output. One potential first step could be to check if some of the inequality constraints must be binding in optimum. So consider the case where $f(x_1,x_2) = x_1 + x_2 > y$ for which a numerical example could be that you are supposed to produce at least $y=4$ and you produce $f(x_1,x_2)=4.1$ using inputs $x_1=2.1$ and $x_2=2$. Clearly you could reduce costs by using less $x_1$ and still respecting the constraint $x_1 + x_2 \geq y$ (I am assuming that $w_1$ and $w_2$ are both strictly positive so reducing $x_1$ decrease costs $w_1x_1 + w_2x_2$). Hopefully you can convince yourself that it would always be a waste of money to produce more output $f(x_1,x_2) = x_1 + x_2$ than required $y$. And you can therefore conclude that any solution $(x_1^\star,x_2^\star)$ must satisfy $$(1) \ \ x_1 + x_2 = y.$$ You now have one equation in two unknowns which is great progress but not enough. Again you follow the procedure of considering the three cases $w_1>w_2$, $w_2>w_1$ and $w_1=w_2$. For the cases $w_1\not =w_2$ you should be able to convince yourself that you produce with the cheapest production factor and therefore for the other factor you have $x_i = 0$. In either case you have two equations with two unknowns and by similar arguments as above $\min(w_1,w_2) y$ are the costs. In the knife edge case where $w_1=w_2$ non of the constraints $x_1\geq 0$ and $x_2\geq 0$ are binding. You therefore do not end up with two equation in two unknowns and but simly have the inequalities $x_1\geq 0$ and $x_2 \geq 0$ and the equality $x_1+x_2=y$ and infinitely many solutions $\{(x_1,x_2) \lvert x_1\geq 0, x_2 \geq 0,x_1+x_2=y\}$. Obviously, this can seem annoying when hoping for a unique solution. However, you should be familiar with this case from utility maximization for perfect substitutes. You can perfectly well use Lagrange for this problem. However, imagine that you forget the positivity constraints on $x_1$ and $x_2$ then your Lagrangian function becomes $$L(x_1,x_2) = w_1x_1 + w_2x_2 - \lambda(x_1 + x_2 - y),$$ with first order conditions $$w_1 - \lambda = 0 \\ w_2 - \lambda = 0$$ using the assumption that $w_1>0$ it follows by the complementarity condition $\lambda(x_1 + x_2 - y)=0$ that $x_1 + x_2 - y=0$ so $x_1+x_2=y$. That is not a problem. However, you also have the implication that $\lambda = w_1 = w_2$ which is a problem because it excludes the real possibilities that $w_1\not = w_2$. Nevertheless, let us assume that $w_1=w_2$ then the FOC do not tell us anything about $(x_1,x_2)$ and are trivially satisfied by any $(x_1,x_2)$. Again you are left with the solution being all $(x_1,x_2)$ where $x_1+x_2=y$ for the case where $w_1=w_2$. In this case it is not wrong bu it is incomplete. So including the positivity constraints in the Lagrangian you get $$L(x_1,x_2) = w_1x_1 + w_2x_2 - \lambda(x_1 + x_2 - y) - \delta_1x_1 - \delta_2 x_2$$ with FOC's $$w_1 - \lambda - \delta_1 = 0$$ $$w_2 - \lambda - \delta_2 = 0$$ Here you should use the complemetarity conditions to consider which inequalitites are binding in optimum. So first assume that $x_1>0$ then by complementarity $\delta_1 x_1=0$ it follows that $\delta_1=0$. Using the first order condition you then get that $w_1 = \lambda$ and since $w_1>0$ it follows that $\lambda>0$. Using that $\lambda>0$ in combination with the complementarity condition $\lambda(x_1+x_2-y)=0$ you get $x_1+x_2=y$. Combining $w_1=\lambda$ with the second FOC $w_2 - \lambda - \delta_2=0$ implies that $w_2 - w_1 = \delta_2$. It is known from KKT-theorem that $\delta_2\geq 0$. If we assume $\delta_2 = 0$ we are back in the solution $w_1=w_2$ so we instead let $\delta_2>0$ but by complementarity this then implies that $x_2=0$ and by the identity $w_2 - w_1 = \delta_2$ this is the case where $w_2>w_1$. A completely symmetrical arguments is used to solve for $w_1>w_2$. But as you can see using Lagrange is tedious in this simple case. For a statement of the KKT-theorem you can see Nocedal and Wright page 328. • $\begingroup$ Not convinced that "You can perfectly well use Lagrange for this problem". You should mention Kuhn and Tucker instead of Lagrange... OK there is a reference to KKT at the end. $\endgroup$ – Bertrand Jan 7 at 9:43 This problem is most easily solved using iso-cost lines and production level curves. Consider the $(x_1,x_2)$-plane and the line defined by $$y = x_1 + x_2 \Leftrightarrow x_2 = y - x_1$$ which is a line cutting $x_2$-axis in $y$ and having a slope of $-1$ as shown here enter image description here Consider now isocost-lines given by $w_1x_1 + w_2x_2 = c$ such that $x_2 = \frac{c}{w_2} - \frac{w_1}{w_2} x_1$. Obviously when $w_2>w_1$ the slope of the line is larger than -1 (the slope is less negative than -1). For increasing costs $c$ the iso-cost line is shifted upwards and will eventually connect with the blue iso-output line. Because $w_2>w_1$ the isocost line will connect with the iso-output line in the lower right corner (on the x1-axis). enter image description here When $w_2<w_1$ the slope $-w_1/w_2<-1$ is more negative than $-1$. So increasing the cost will result in conneting the iso-ouput line in the upper right corner. This is shown here enter image description here Finally consider the case where $w_1=w_2$ such that the slope of the iso-cost lines are exactly the same as the slope of the iso-output line. In this case the isocost line will connect the iso-ouput line everywhere enter image description here Your Answer
< cpp‎ \| iterator Iterator library Iterator concepts Iterator primitives Algorithm concepts and utilities Indirect callable concepts Common algorithm requirements Iterator adaptors Stream iterators Iterator customization points Iterator operations Range access Defined in header <iterator> template<class I> concept contiguous_iterator = std::random_access_iterator<I> && std::derived_from</ITER_CONCEPT/<I>, std::contiguous_iterator_tag> && std::is_lvalue_reference_v<std::iter_reference_t<I>> && std::iter_value_t<I>, std::remove_cvref_t<std::iter_reference_t<I>> > && requires(const I& i) { { std::to_address(i) } -> (since C++20) The contiguous_iterator concept refines random_access_iterator by providing a guarantee the denoted elements are stored contiguously in the memory. [edit] Iterator concept determination [edit] Semantic requirements Let a and b be dereferenceable iterators and c be a non-dereferenceable iterator of type I such that b is reachable from a and c is reachable from b. The type I models contiguous_iterator only if all the concepts it subsumes are modeled and: [edit] Equality preservation • The inputs to an expression consist of its operands. Unless noted otherwise, every expression used in a requires-expression is required to be equality preserving and stable, and the evaluation of the expression may only modify its non-constant operands. Operands that are constant must not be modified. [edit] Implicit expression variations A requires-expression that uses an expression that is non-modifying for some constant lvalue operand also implicitly requires additional variations of that expression that accept a non-constant lvalue or (possibly constant) rvalue for the given operand unless such an expression variation is explicitly required with differing semantics. These implicit expression variations must meet the same semantic requirements of the declared expression. The extent to which an implementation validates the syntax of the variations is unspecified. [edit] Notes contiguous_iterator is modeled by every pointer type to complete object type. Iterator types in the standard library that are required to satisfy the LegacyContiguousIterator requirements in C++17 are also required to model contiguous_iterator in C++20. [edit] See also (concept) [edit]
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Religion Chapter 9 Study guide The flashcards below were created by user Anonymous on FreezingBlue Flashcards. 1. What was the reason for some people to live as hermits in the early 300's? To dedicate their life to prayer 2. Who could be called the father of monasticism and why? Anthony of Egypt - brought together the group of hermits 3. What are the rules that govern monastic living? Pray, work, study, service to those in need 4. What is a monastery and who runs them? A place where monks or nuns live. run by Abbots (male) or Abbess (female) 5. Tell about Basil the Great: (how we know him, contributions to the church, connection to the monastic way of life) Gave us the evangelical counsel (a vow or promise to live by poverty, chastist, and obedience) monks followed this routine- communal prayer, manual labor, contemplation, service to those in need 6. Who is Benedict of Nursia and what is he known for? he lived in the western part of the Roman Empire, founded a monasterly at Monte Cassino, Italy. Monastic rule - prayer and work. Prayed 7 times a day 7. Who is Scholastica? Benidict of Nursia's twin sister. a noun, abbess followed same rules as men 8. Under the Benedictine system, each monastery was independent and under the rule of its abbot or abbess. Why did this turn out to be a problem? The rulers weren't always good people 9. Why is the monastery at Cluny, France important? started the reform of monastic life. 10. Who is Bernard of Clairvaux and what did he found? Led a reform, founded the Listercian order - a very strict order 11. How did the monks and nuns make a positive change in the Church and the world? Fed the needs of society 12. What caused the Roman Empire to weaken in the 5th century? Barbarians were invading the Roman territories 13. Name the "barbarians" that invaded the empire. Goths, Visigoths, Vandals, and Huns 14. What were some consequences of the invasions? The western part of the empire collapsed and the eastern part of the empire barely survived. 15. How did Pope Gregory the Great help the Church at this time? Helped convert Pagens to christianity - developed the Gregorian Sacramentary. Gregorian Chant: set up missionaries, reformed the church. 16. How did monks and nuns influence the pagan settlers? by the example of kindness and vurtued by examples not by words 17. Who was Clovis and how did he impact the church? Kings were converted to Christianity and changed empire - present day France was originally settled by franks 18. Who are Cyril and Methodius and what did they do? 9th century brought good news to Jesus Christ from which many of the tribes have come 19. Because of much of the work of holy men and women, much of invaded Europe had become Christian again by what year? 1,000 A.D. 20. Who was Charlemagne? Describe some of his contributions to the Christian education. 800 AD Pope Leo Crowns him the holy Roman Empire. Leader of franks. Started to reform church and state, defended Christian Doctrine, reorganized the hierarchy in the church; saw to strict observance of all church rules and practices. Education - decreed all monasteries could educate anyone, set up schools 21. Who conquered the Middle East, including sites in Jerusalem? Muslims - 6th century 22. What territory did the Muslims conquer? Spain, Africa, Asia Minor 23. What caused the Great Schism in the Church in 1054? Cultural differences 24. What were the effects of Schism? The west = Roman Catholic Church - follows pope. The east = Eastern Catholic Church = a break (21 eastern catholic churches and orthodox church not in union with catholic church) 25. The Catholic Church today consists of ____ Churches: The __________ Church and ___ Eastern Catholic Churches. 22, Roman Catholic Church, 21 26. What is the Eastern Orthodox Church? Split from Roman Catholic Church, an effect of the Schism. Card Set Religion Chapter 9 Study guide Show Answers
Dahshur is the site of Memphis necropolis, it contains a lot of pyramids and tombs, but it destroyed also, it includes the three pyramids of king Senefru, the founder of the 4th dynasty. It’s 10 km south of Saqqara, Senefru king he was the founder of the 4th dynasty he first started to build his royal tomb near the capital. He attempted to build such a pure complete pyramid; he wanted it to be higher than any other monument built both in his exterior design and in his interior corridors and galleries. The bent pyramid built on a square ground plan of 188m. On each side. The pyramid had one entrance on the northern side, and another entry on the western side, the function of which is not clear. The rising angel of the pyramid is 54 degrees, but this angle did not correspond to the square ground plan. If the pyramid was to continue with this angle, then it will be collapsed. Senefru learned the weak points from this southern pyramid, while the work still in progress, senefru started to build another pyramid 2 km. to the north of it. This northern pyramid built on a ground plan of 220 m. on each side, with a rising angle of 430 40′, nearly the same increasing edge of the southern pyramid in its upper section. This northern pyramid only had one entrance that leads to 3 burial chambers. The total height of this pyramid is 99m. To the east of the Northern pyramid, Senefru built tombs for his sons and daughters, also for his priests and high officials. Senefru’s wife Hetep-Heres, built her tomb at Dahshur. Unfortunately, this tomb robbed, therefore it was transferred by her son Cheops to Giza; he also moved objects and furniture too. Now, these objects are on display in the Egyptian museum. Senefru was a great man of achievements and was a kind king, beloved from a subject. In the 12th dynasty, when Senefru deified, the kings of that dynasty chose Dahshur to be the place where to build their pyramids, to be buried close to Senefru, and they considered this area as sacred. Senefru was mentioned in the Westcar papyrus in a way showing him very decent, kind, and good manners. During the reign of Senefru, art flourished, evident by the reliefs of his temple and the reliefs from tombs dating to his reign, either at Dahshur or at Meidum. Senefru is said to have had 40 sons; he put the authority in their hands as a sort of centralized bureaucratic government. In this area of Dahshur, You will see the Bent pyramid; it was the first attempt for the king to build a pure pyramid instead of the step pyramid. Also, you can see the most famous Dahshur pyramid, and you can get inside it to view the internal design of the monument as it’s fantastic from inside. Still, you have to go up for 65 meters and then get down the same distance to go to the first room; you will see the ceiling of the pyramid looks like a smooth step taken the shape of the monument from outside. You may also like...
Introduction to Lean Manufacturing. A New Aged Definition to Lean Manufacturing by Rever Wondering what lean manufacturing is and how it can be applied to your products or service? In this video, we explain the concept in simple terms and look at how it differs from other forms of manufacturing. In it you’ll learn: – A definition of lean manufacturing that’s easy to understand – The key differences between lean manufacturing and mass production – Why copying lean concepts won’t change underlying business processes Having a clear definition of lean manufacturing is important because it will affect how you implement it in your production flow. Some people take a philosophical perspective that’s concerned with ‘creating value’ and ‘developing people’. If you focus on this definition, then you may struggle with the pragmatic process improvements and implementation aspects. Others focus on the practical elements, describing it as a set of supply chain tools or a step-by-step process. Following this definition alone will likely mean that you’ll find the mindset and cultural changes difficult to implement. It can also be harder to get buy-in from upper management since this definition doesn’t convey the strategic long-term value. We also hear inaccurate definitions that relate it to basic common sense or industrial engineering. These types of definition are guaranteed to set you up for failure since they don’t reflect what the concept is at all. So, this video is designed to address exactly what lean manufacturing is, as well as what it isn’t. Lean is both an ideal and a means to achieve this ideal. The idea is to produce what the customer wants at the right time, quantity, and amount. Lean means producing nothing more and nothing less because this would either result in waste or poor customer experience. The means of achieving this ideal is the continuous practice of ‘Kaizen’ which involves developing people, improving processes, and maximizing value for the customer. This typically results in less waste, less burden, and less variation in output. This approach is very different from mass production which attempts to reduce unit cost through economies of scale. Creating products in large batches leads to significant inventories which are costly to store and manage. The definition we share in this video can help you communicate what lean manufacturing is to everyone in your company. Whether they work on the shop floor or in high-level management, it conveys the concept of ‘lean’ in a way that’s easy to understand. Hit like if you found this video helpful or subscribe to our channel for more lean management and continuous improvement ideas. You May Also Like
Skip to content 9 thoughts on “ Buoyant Four: The Dissection ” 1. Males usually have paired testes that produce sperm, and females usually have paired ovaries that produce eggs. When paired, such as in the Blue Mackerel, the gonads lie on either side of the swim bladder. The method by which the eggs and sperm meet . 2. Fish Dissection Summary Living things are similar to and different from each other. When we look at the inside of a fish, we When a fish is too buoyant, and starts to float upward, gas diffuses out of the swim bladder into the blood. The gas in the blood is removed at the gill filaments and expelled. Conversely, if aFile Size: 2MB. 3. Dissection definition is - the act or process of dissecting: the state of being dissected. How to use dissection in a sentence. 4. Discover releases, reviews, credits, songs, and more about Dirk Serries + Rutger Zuydervelt - Buoyant at Discogs. Complete your Dirk Serries + Rutger Zuydervelt collection/5(19). 5. increased buoyancy (not found in sharks) Dissection Perch Student Checklist (Continue page 2) Student Checklist Student Checklist (Continue page 4) Science Steve Sponsors. Author: Rokusek, Steven Created Date: 3/4/ PM. 6. Biology 2. Frog Dissection. Background: The American Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). As members of the class Amphibia, frogs may live some of their adult lives on land, but they must return to water to maphanbanawesno.ducbubbklisnintfanicharpassrencupicon.infoinfo the first land chordates, they needed to develop or evolve different characteristics than those of the chordates that lived in the water. 7. Sep 28, · Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is a prolific free floating aquatic macrohpyte found in tropical and subtropical parts of the maphanbanawesno.ducbubbklisnintfanicharpassrencupicon.infoinfo effects of pollutants from textile wastewater on the anatomy of the plant were studied. Water hyacinth exhibits hydrophytic adaptations which include reduced epidermis cells lacking cuticle in most cases, presence of large air spaces Cited by: 8. The principal reason(s) for why gills were replaced with different types of respiratory organs in terrestrial animals is (are) I-tissues and organs are less buoyant in air than in water. II-countercurrent exchange is not very efficient at maximizing blood oxygenation levels. 9. Buoyant by Dirk Serries + Rutger Zuydervelt, released 13 March 1. Buoyant One: Lost Trail 2. Buoyant Two: The Whispering Scale 3. Buoyant Three: Unraveled Blanket 4. Buoyant Four: The Dissection Realized in about a week, Dirk and I could hardly believe it once we had finished the album. It's like the inspiration took a run with us. Leave a Comment
Photosynthesis and Metabolism As we just learned in the previous section, cells are the most basic building blocks of life. Cells make up your tissues, organs, and ultimately, you as a human being. And every one of those cells needs energy to perform their specific functions. Where does that energy come from? It comes from the macronutrients that we eat—carbohydrates, protein, and fat. In order to understand how the cells of the body put that energy to use, you must have a basic understanding of photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and the relationship between these two processes. Photosynthesis is essential to all life on earth; both plants and animals depend on it. It is the only biological process that can capture energy that originates from sunlight and convert it into a chemical compound (glucose) that every organism uses to power its daily functions. Photosynthesis is also a source of oxygen necessary for many living organisms. A close-up photo of the leaves of a green plant with the sunlight shining through the leaves The importance of photosynthesis is not just that it can capture sunlight’s energy. Photosynthesis is vital because it provides a way to capture the energy from solar radiation (the “photo-” part) and store that energy in the carbon-carbon bonds of glucose (the “-synthesis” part). Glucose is the main energy source that animals and humans use to power the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the energy-containing molecule found in the cells of all animals and humans. Energy from the foods we eat is captured in ATP and used to fuel the workload of cells.1 The energy stored in carbohydrate molecules from photosynthesis passes through the food chain. Consider a predator, such as a wolf, preying on a deer. The wolf is at the end of an energy path that went from atoms colliding on the surface of the sun, to visible light, to photosynthesis, to vegetation, to the deer, and finally to the wolf. The wolf, by feeding on the deer, receives a portion of the energy that originated in the photosynthetic vegetation that the deer consumed. Our food supply is also directly linked to photosynthesis. Major grocery stores in the United States are organized into departments, such as dairy, meats, produce, bread, cereals, and so forth. Each aisle contains hundreds, if not thousands, of different products for customers to buy and consume. Although there is a large variety, each item ultimately can be linked back to photosynthesis. Meat and dairy link because the animals were fed plant-based foods. The breads, cereals, and pastas come largely from starchy grains, which are the seeds of photosynthesis-dependent plants. What about desserts and drinks? All of these products contain sugar—sucrose is a plant product, a carbohydrate molecule, which is also derived from photosynthesis. Many items are less obviously derived from plants: virtually every spice and flavoring in the spice aisle was produced by a plant as a leaf, root, bark, flower, fruit, or stem. (Salt is a notable exception.) Ultimately, photosynthesis connects to every meal and every food a person consumes. Main Structures and Summary of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis generally takes place in the leaves of plants. It is a multi-step process that requires sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2, found in the air), and water (H2O, from the soil). After the process is complete, the plant releases oxygen into the air (O2, essential for many living organisms) and produces the simple carbohydrate molecule of glucose, which can be used as an energy source by the plant, converted to starch and stored for a later energy source, or converted into other organic molecules such as fats, proteins and vitamins. This glucose contains the energy that all living organisms need to survive. A drawing of a flower growing out of the ground. The sun is shining and light rays are going toward the plant. Carbon dioxide is listed as going into the plant and oxygen is listed as going out of the plant. Carbohydrates are listed as being formed in the leaves of the plant. The roots of the plant are shown in the soil and water in the soil is being absorbed by the roots. Figure 3.5. Depiction of photosynthesis in plants. The carbohydrates produced are stored in or used by the plant. The basic formula for photosynthesis is as follows: 6CO2 + 6H2O + sun’s energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 Another way of saying this: Photosynthesis uses: 6 molecules of carbon dioxide (6CO2) 6 molecules of water (6H2O) the sun’s energy Photosynthesis produces: 1 molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) 6 molecules of oxygen (6O2) Starch is the storage form of glucose in plants, stored in seeds, roots, and tubers for later use as an energy source for the plant to reproduce. When a seed is buried deep in the soil, this starch can be broken down into glucose to be used for energy for the seed to sprout. As the seed sprouts, and shoots go above the ground and leaves start to form, the new plant can then photosynthesize glucose for an energy source. When we eat foods that contain starch, we must digest that starch down into single sugars (glucose) in order for the glucose to be absorbed into the intestinal cells, where it will enter the bloodstream to be carried to all cells of the body to use as an energy source. The basic process of digestion of these foods will be covered in the next section. Cellular Respiration All living things require energy to survive. For humans, and many other organisms, that energy is generated by the complex interaction of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a key pathway in energy metabolism (the process of converting food into energy) of all aerobic organisms. Respiration refers to breathing: taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. But ultimately, the reason we need to breathe is to provide the oxygen needed to carry out cellular respiration in our cells and to remove the carbon dioxide that is produced as a byproduct. In the process of cellular respiration, energy that is stored in the food we eat is converted to the body’s energy currency, ATP, while a small amount is lost as heat. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water; in the process, ATP is released. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is an aerobic process, which means that oxygen is required. It is a series of reactions that can be summarized as follows: glucose + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP and heat) Another way of saying this: Cellular respiration uses: 1 molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) 6 molecules of oxygen (6O2) Cellular respiration produces: 6 molecules of carbon dioxide (6CO2) 6 molecules of water (6H2O) Even though glucose is the starting substance used in cellular respiration, we do not consume only glucose as an energy source. Instead, many different kinds of food molecules are broken down into smaller molecules, metabolized, and then enter the cellular respiration pathway. For example, complex carbohydrates like starch are readily converted to glucose. Fats and proteins can also be used in cellular respiration, but they must be modified before they can feed into the process. A diagram that depicts glucose, protein, and fat all feeding into the cellular respiration process. Oxygen is diagramed as contributing to cellular respiration. Carbon dioxide, water, and energy are diagramed as being produced or released from cellular respiration. Figure 3.6. Nutrients fuel cellular respiration. Other carbohydrates, like starch and sugars, are converted to glucose before entering cellular respiration. Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Cycle If you compare the summary reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, you can see that cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis. Because each process starts where the other ends, they form a cycle. What one reaction uses, the other reaction produces, and what one produces the other uses. This illustration shows the relationship between the reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration is opposite. What one produces, the other uses, and vice versa. Figure 3.7. The relationship between the reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The cycling that occurs between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is vital to the health of planet Earth. If there was no way for the carbon dioxide produced through cellular respiration to be utilized, breathing organisms (like humans and animals) would soon suffocate. Additionally, photosynthetic organisms are at the base of almost every food chain on the planet, so without these organisms, mass starvation would result. Luckily, this planet is full of organisms capable of photosynthesis (e.g., trees and grass on land and algae and bacteria in the ocean). Without this vital connection between photosynthesis and cellular respiration, life as we know it would cease to exist. Sun rays shine on a plant that can use that solar energy to photosynthesize glucose, and in the process creates oxygen and releases heat. Animals eat plants which in turn breakdown glucose into carbon dioxide and water, and capture the energy in glucose into ATP, (respiration) which cells can use for work like moving, molecular transport and synthesis of biomolecules. Figure 3.8. The photosynthesis-cellular respiration cycle. The two processes are intimately linked. Icon for the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License Nutrition: Science and Everyday Application by Alice Callahan, PhD, Heather Leonard, MEd, RDN, and Tamberly Powell, MS, RDN is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Share This Book
I think on Wiki here it is suggested that IQ is inherited to some degree. But I can't find scientific information on whether it is more inherited from mother or father? e.g. if both mother and father have high IQ does it mean child is more likely to have high IQ then if for example only father has high IQ? It seems that specifics on the heredity of IQ are largely unknown today. That same wiki page says, The frequency and disconnection of studies like this and this shows just how uncertain this field of science is today. Since the genes that are passed on at random, they would be equally likely to be passed on from the mother as from the father - and the sheer amount of them would probably statistically lower any discrepancies. However, there is one little thing that might dictate that one parent is more likely to pass on IQ than the other: IQ is partially determined by environmental factors, and these environmental factors can sometimes be manipulated by the parents - and this manipulation may depend on the parents' intelligence. For example, according to this article, infant massages can improve intelligence. It is quite possibly true that a more intelligent parent is more likely to find and notice this information. But perhaps it is also true that a father is generally more likely to accept and use this information than a mother, or vice versa. This would mean that one parent finding out this method to improve the baby's IQ would have more of an effect than the other one finding out. Of course, this is only speculation, and this is clearly not strictly genetic, but it points to the possibility of one gender's IQ mattering more to the baby's development than the other's. But with your example question, yes, that would probably be more likely, since that means there are more likely to be more IQ-related genes passed on. Your Answer
The dune effect on sand-transporting winds on Mars Derek Jackson, Mary Bourke, Thomas Smyth Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review 24 Citations (Scopus) Wind on Mars is a significant agent of contemporary surface change, yet the absence of in situ meteorological data hampers the understanding of surface–atmospheric interactions. Airflow models at length scales relevant to landform size now enable examination of conditions that might activate even small-scale bedforms (ripples) under certain contemporary wind regimes. Ripples have the potential to be used as modern ‘wind vanes’ on Mars. Here we use 3D airflow modelling to demonstrate that local dune topography exerts a strong influence on wind speed and direction and that ripple movement likely reflects steered wind direction for certain dune ridge shapes. The poor correlation of dune orientation with effective sand transporting winds suggests that large dunes may not be mobile under modelled wind scenarios. This work highlights the need to first model winds at high resolution before inferring regional wind patterns from ripple movement or dune orientations on the surface of Mars today. Original languageEnglish Article number8796 (2015) Pages (from-to)1-5 Number of pages5 JournalNature Communications Publication statusPublished - 5 Nov 2015 Externally publishedYes Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'The dune effect on sand-transporting winds on Mars'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Cite this
Multiple predator species alter prey behavior, population growth, and a trophic cascade in a model estuarine food web Document Type Publication Date Predators can influence prey population dynamics by affecting prey behaviors with strong fitness consequences, with cascading effects on lower trophic levels. Here, we demonstrate that multiple predator species can nonconsumptively influence prey population growth and the strength of a trophic cascade in a model marine community. We exposed the herbivorous amphipod Ampithoe longimana to olfactory and visual cues from three common predators (pinfish, mud crabs, brown shrimp) singly and together in a multiple-predator assemblage to quantify the nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) of predator identity and the presence of multiple predators on prey population and community-level metrics. The presence of predator cues, particularly those of the pinfish and the multiple-predator treatments, decreased prey population growth and influenced primary and secondary production. To explore mechanisms underlying the observed NCEs in the experimental communities and their potential influence in the field, we quantified individual prey behavioral responses (changes in grazing rate, diet preference, dispersal, colonization) in the presence of predator cues. Predator cues decreased prey grazing, dispersal, and colonization but did not affect prey diet preference. Given the persistence of NCEs over time and the fact that trophic cascades are common features of marine systems, changes in marine predator communities may have widespread effects on predator–prey behavioral interactions with consequences for ecosystem function even in areas of weak predation pressure. figshare Academic Research System Source Link
The New Border Document Type Publication Date This course is a study of the literature of the U.S.-Mexico border from the 1980s to the present. We begin with Gloria Anzaldúa’s foundational texts, Borderlands / La Frontera, and her landmark feminist anthology, co-edited with Cherríe Moraga, This Bridge Called My Back: Radical Writings by Women of Color. We then consider the legacies and afterlives of this body of work in more recent literature, from Roberto Bolaño’s obsession with femicide and the borderlands to Carmen Boullosa’s Texas: The Great Theft, Yuri Herrera’s Signs Preceding the End of the World, and Valeria Luiselli’s The Lost Children Archive. We’ll also spend significant time with contemporary poets, including Daniel Borzutzky, Juan Felipe Herrera, Valerie Martínez, Wendy Trevino, and Javier Zamora. How does this literature understand the changing dynamics of what scholar John Alba Cutler calls “the new border,” a zone defined by an increasingly punitive regime of militarization, criminalization, mass detention and mass deportation? How does this literature disclose the structures of relation that underlie the mediation and spectacularization of the border? How does it respond to the ideologies of white supremacy and anti-Mexican and anti-Latino racism? More basically, what theories and methods of reading does the literature of the new border demand? Where does it direct our attention? While our main focus will be on how the literature of the new border asks us to think about the U.S.-Mexico border, we will conclude by examining how this literature has changed as the border zone has expanded into Central and South America—and beyond. With this final turn, we will extend our examination to recent work that explores the nature of the relationship between the United States and the Americas. Humanities Commons Source Link
The Jai Jais Blog What Are Hinduism's Holy Texts? What Are Hinduism's Holy Texts? There are two main categories of the Hindu scriptures: Shruti-"That which is heard", consists of the four Vedas and Upanishads scriptures. Smriti-"That which is remembered", composed of traditional texts, including the Dharma Shastras (legal and ethical texts), the Puranas, and the folk/historical legends known as the Mahabharata and Ramayana. Let's find out more The Jai Jais way.
COPD: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment What is COPD? COPD, short for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a lung disease that makes it hard for people to breathe, which is like asthma. The first symptoms are mild and are often mistaken for the same symptoms that are present with ageing. People with COPD are prone to developing either chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both. COPD symptoms tend to get worse over time, however, catching it early, along with proper care, can help many people stay active and may also slow down the disease. Inside the lungs, COPD can clog the airways and damage the tiny, balloon-like sacs (alveoli) that work by absorbing oxygen. Symptoms include: • Shortness of breath • Wheezing • Chest tightness • Constant coughing • Producing a lot of mucus (sputum) • Chronic fatigue • Frequent colds or flu Advanced Symptoms of COPD Severe COPD imitates asthma symptoms, along with pulmonary fibrosis symptoms, and makes it difficult for patients to go about their daily routine. Coughing up excess mucus and experiencing shortness of breath could potentially worsen the condition. Advanced symptoms include: • Swollen legs or feet as a result of fluid buildup • Weight loss • Decreased muscle strength and endurance • Headaches • Blue or grey lips/ fingernails, as a result of decreased oxygen levels COPD: Chronic Bronchitis Bronchiectasis is the main problem for patients with COPD. Key symptoms include a nagging cough with the presence of mucus (phlegm). Inside the lungs, the small airway walls are swollen, there is a constant oozing of mucus and scarring. Experiencing a « smoker’s cough » is typically a sign of chronic bronchitis. COPD: Emphysema Emphysema causes damage to the tiny air sacs in the lungs, which inflates when one breathes, which transports oxygen to the lungs and get rid of carbon dioxide. With the presence of emphysema, these delicate air sacs, are not able to expand, nor contract properly. Eventually, the air sacs are diminished, decreasing the ability for patients to exhale properly. Diagnosis of COPD Diagnosis: Physical Exam Your diagnosis depends on your quality of breathing, your family’s history with COPD and smoking habits. Oxygen levels in your blood may be measured with a blood test or pulse oximeter. Diagnosis: Spirometry Breath Test Spirometry is the main test for COPD and measures the quantity of air that moves in and out of your lungs. This is done by taking a deep breath and blowing as hard as you can into a tube. The test can be repeated after inhaling a puff of a bronchodilator medicine, to open the airways. Spirometry can locate any symptoms associated with COPD. Diagnosis: Chest X-Ray A chest X can only help establish conditions that cause similar symptoms, like pneumonia. Larger lungs are a clear indication of advanced COPD. Bronchodilators, medications that relax the muscles of the airways aid in keeping them open and increases proper breathing. Anticholinergics, a type of bronchodilator, are used by patients with COPD. Short-acting bronchodilators last four to six hours and are used as required. Longer-acting bronchodilators can be used every day for people who experience more persistent symptoms. COPD patients may use both types of bronchodilators. If bronchodilators don’t provide proper relief, COPD patients are advised to consume corticosteroids. These are taken by inhaler and may reduce inflammation in the airways. Steroids may also be given by pill or injection to treat flare-ups of COPD. Lung Training Pulmonary rehabilitation classes teach individuals methods to keep up with daily activities, without experiencing excessive shortness of breath. Specific exercises may help in building muscle strength. Increased Breathing with COPD Pursed-lip breathing reduces the effects of breathing. By breathing in normally through your nose, slowly blow the air out through your mouth with your lips in a whistle position. The exhale should be longer than the inhale. Strengthen your diaphragm by lying on your back with one hand on your abdomen, and one on your chest. Keep your chest still and allow your stomach to rise and fall as you breathe. Oxygen Therapy Severe COPD lowers oxygen in your blood. Extra oxygen is required for your body to function correctly. It will allow you to stay active without fatigued or lack breathing, and aid in protecting your brain, heart, and organs. With COPD, you require supplemental oxygen, provided through tubing from an oxygen tank to the nostrils. Smoking, candles, and other flames are off-limits near oxygen tanks. People with COPD are at risk of obtaining lung infections. If you’re coughing and experiencing a shortness of breath, or develop a fever, you should contact your doctor. These signs suggest a potential lung infection. Your doctor may prescribe medications, to diminish it fast. Some cases of patients with COPD may benefit from surgery. Bullectomy and lung volume reduction surgery, remove the infected parts of the lungs, which allows healthy tissue to perform better and simplifies breathing. A lung transplant may help some people with the most severe COPD. COPD and Exercise Walking is recommended to COPD patients. Start with 5 or 10 minutes daily, 3 to 5 days a week. Add minutes as your performance increases. With severe COPD, you may be able to reach 30 minutes of walking without stopping. Use proper oxygen while engaging in an activity, unless you are on oxygen therapy. What Causes COPD? 90% of COPD patients are current or former smokers. This disease usually appears after the age of 40. Secondhand smoke and exposure to environmental irritants or pollution can increase your risk of COPD. In rare cases, DNA may cause COPD, even if the patient has never smoked before. One such genetic conditions are called Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. Quitting Smoking will Help Smokers with COPD will lose function of their lungs faster. Tobacco smoke destroys tiny hair-like cilia that repair and cleans out the airways. Quitting will slow or stop the damage and is an essential step for COPD patients. Benefits include increased taste-buds and a lowered risk of obtaining heart disease. COPD and Nutrition A healthy diet is important for COPD patients. Being overweight can decrease breathing while being underweight could add to weakness and fatigue in the body. Follow these guidelines to increase your health with proper nutrition: • Consume 6-8 glasses of water daily. • Consume high-fibre foods • Avoid overeating. • Avoid sodium-rich and processed. • Eat 4-6 small meals daily. The Link Between COPD and Cancer Most COPD patients develop lung cancer, which is due to a smoking history of cigarettes. Researchers suggest that specific genes make some people more vulnerable to COPD or the chances of getting cancer. Chronic inflammation, caused by smoking and other lung irritants, also play a role in COPD and cancer. Tips for Living with COPD • Stay active when experiencing COPD symptoms. You must either pace your breathing or use oxygen therapy. Staying active will increase your strength. • Avoid secondhand smoke, chemical fumes, and lung irritants. • Get vaccinated against the flu and pneumococcal disease. • Wash hands frequently, and avoid hacking, sniffling people during cold and flu season. More from The Real Simple What breakfast should I eat to lose weight? This Nurse Shares Photos of Herself Taken Before and After Working for Eight Months in a Covid-19 unit. Privacy & Cookies Policy
Question: What Are The 7 Components Of Health And Wellness? What are some components of health? Components of Health and WellnessPhysical Wellness. Physical wellness indicates a high level of endurance, flexibility and strength. Lifestyle Wellness. Social/Relational Wellness. Nutritional Wellness. Education and Lifelong Learning. Community Technical Assistance.. What are the 4 components of health? What are the 12 components of physical fitness? What are three major components of wellness? The three components of the health triangle are the physical, social, and mental sides. These three components consist of your overall healthy well being. What are the 7 dimensions of health and wellness? The Seven Dimensions of WellnessPhysical.Emotional.Intellectual.Social.Spiritual.Environmental.Occupational. What is the difference between health and wellness? What are the three components of health? The health triangle is a measure of the different aspects of health. The health triangle consists of: Physical, Social, and Mental Health. What are three parts of your mental emotional health? Physical, Mental\ emotional, and Social health The three parts all can affect each other throughout your life. These three parts of health are put into a triangle like the one shown in the next slide. Mental/Emotional Health is just as important as physical health. What is the physical component of health? Physical health can be determined by many things, but some major components can include physical activity, nutrition and diet, alcohol and drugs, medical self-care, and rest and sleep. What is the spiritual health? Spiritual health includes a purposeful life, transcendence and actualization of different dimensions and capacities of human beings. Spiritual health creates a balance between physical, psychological and social aspects of human life. … “ Spiritual health means a purposeful life ”. What are the components of health and wellness? What is the 6 components of health? The six dimensions of wellness are: physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual, environmental and social. They are discussed in greater detail below. What is the most important dimension of wellness? The 8 Dimensions of Wellness: Where Do You Fit In?Emotional. SAMHSA identifies emotional wellness as an ability to cope effectively with life and build satisfying relationships with others. … Spiritual. … Intellectual. … Physical. … Environmental. … Financial. … Occupational. … Social. What are the 12 components of physical fitness and their meaning? What are the 5 components of health? The 5 Health-Related Components of FitnessCardiovascular endurance.Muscular strength.Muscular endurance.Flexibility.Body composition. What are the 12 dimensions of wellness? The continuum includes: 1) Self-responsibility & Love; 2) Breathing; 3) Sensing; 4) Eating; 5)Moving; 6) Feeling; 7) Thinking; 8) Playing & Working; 9) Communicating; 10) Intimacy; 11) Finding Meaning; 12) Transcending.
Question: Can Plants Make Their Own Food? Can plants grow in the dark? Plants cannot survive in total darkness. All plants, with the exception of a few that live on other organisms, use a process called photosynthesis to obtain the energy they need. What is the green stuff in plants? Chlorophyll gives plants their green color because it does not absorb the green wavelengths of white light. That particular light wavelength is reflected from the plant, so it appears green. Plants that use photosynthesis to make their own food are called autotrophs. Do all plants make their own food? All plants with green leaves, from the tiniest mosses to towering fir trees, synthesize, or create, their own food through photosynthesis. Algae, phytoplankton, and some bacteria also perform photosynthesis. Some rare autotrophs produce food through a process called chemosynthesis, rather than through photosynthesis. What do plants produce and use as food? Can plants make their own food without sunlight? Plants need sunlight for a process that we call photosynthesis. Plants are what we call autotrophs, meaning they’re self-feeding or self-nourishing. They basically create their own food or energy to grow. … Some plants don’t contain chlorophyll. Can plants feel pain? Why are plants not the only Autotrophs? Plants are autotrophs, which means they produce their own food. They use the process of photosynthesis to transform water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into oxygen, and simple sugars that the plant uses as fuel. Are the universal food providers? Plants are called universal food producers because they are the main source of food for all the organisms in the world. What plants need to make their own food? To perform photosynthesis, plants need three things: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide enters through tiny holes in a plant’s leaves, flowers, branches, stems, and roots. Plants also require water to make their food. Why only plants can make their own food? Only plants can synthesize (prepare) there food because only they have the ability to use raw materials such as chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide, minerals and water to prepare food for themselves, animals and humans. So,they are called autotrophs. What are the 7 things plants need to grow? What time of day do plants grow the most? eveningMost plants grow more in the evening and at night. While plants capture energy during the day, the synthesis of new tissue is often better accomplished at night, because the conditions then allow avoidance heat stress and water loss. Where do plants get their food from answer? How do plants without leaves make food? Photosynthesis in cacti is slightly different from most plants and happens this way because they live in a very dry climate. Firstly, photosynthesis takes place in the stem, as you correctly say they do not have proper leaves. Secondly they take in carbon dioxide at night and use it the next day for photosynthesis. Why are plants green? What are 5 things plants need to grow? Which plant is not green? Plants which do not have chlorophyll are called non-green plants. They cannot make their own food and usually absorb food from other plants, dead animals or stale food. One type of non-green plant is fungus. Mushroom, toadstools and mould are also example of non-green plants. Do plants need food to grow yes or no? They learn that plants take in water through their roots and carbon dioxide through their leaves and use energy from sunlight captured by their leaves to make their own food. … For example, animals need air, water, and food; plants require air, water, nutrients, and light” (NRC 1996, p. What makes plants grow faster? Can plants survive with LED light? Offering low energy usage, low heat, and color optimized for growth, LED lights are the most efficient, effective, and customer-friendly way to grow plants at home than growing with fluorescent lights or incandescent lights. Are plants actually green? Green plants are green because they contain a pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs certain wavelengths of light within the visible light spectrum. … Green light is not absorbed but reflected, making the plant appear green. Chlorophyll is found in the chloroplasts of plants.
Skip to main content Opinion: There is a huge need for computer science skills. Only half of Wisconsin's public high schools teach it. Mary Callanan \| Milwaukee Journal Sentinel I had never heard of computer science when I walked into Marquette University’s new Girls Who Code chapter my sophomore year of high school. And I certainly didn’t know that joining this club would launch me on a path to become a complex problem solver, and enter an industry that adds hundreds of thousands of jobs every year, and is eagerly (if belatedly) recruiting women. Given these advantages, it’s troubling that of the 700 young women at Divine Savior Holy Angels only two of us showed up for that club. We’d all been in school for a while by then. Why hadn’t we been exposed to this field earlier? It didn’t compute. In Wisconsin alone, there are more than 6,000 open computing jobs with an average salary of $80,456, according to, a nonprofit dedicated to computer science education. Nationwide, software developer jobs are expected to increase at a rapid pace of 22% in the next 10 years, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. RELATED: Wisconsin needs more kids to take computer science. Can a Microsoft program help make that happen? More students are taking advantage of new state legislation across the country requiring computer science courses, but we’re still a long ways away from everyone having equal access to this critical life skill. I’m not alone in this thinking; nearly seven of 10 parents say learning computer science is important, and seven of 10 teachers agree it’s as or more important than other subject areas, according to a survey. I’ve always had a passion for math. I find solace in taking complex equations and calculating them down to a simple value for x. When I discovered computer science, I realized my penchant for math wasn’t rooted in some deep desire to understand the intricacies of number theory. It was a longing to solve problems. Two weeks into Girls Who Code — an after-school program where young women teach younger women to code — I knew this was what I wanted to do for the rest of my life. My fellow coding pioneer and I grew close as we typed hundreds of lines of Python to complete our final project. Two years later, I enrolled in the inaugural AP Computer Science A course at my high school. Now, I’m a rising junior at Yale University majoring in computer science and growing even more passionate about the field as I’m presented with new, exciting problems to solve. Just 52% of Wisconsin’s public high schools teach computer science. Expanding course offerings costs money, but the return on investment is huge. By not acting more quickly to grow this important subject, Wisconsin legislators and educators are selling my generation short. Looking past the benefits of having languages such as HTML, JavaScript, or Python on a resume, computer science teaches important life skills that other subjects simply cannot. When faced with a coding problem, you’re forced to examine all facets of the situation and think of a dozen possible solutions, then come up with another dozen bugs that could accompany the final solution. It’s endurance training for the mind that strengthens young students’ problem-solving skills — academic and otherwise. One of the first lessons computer science students learn is if/then statements. Here are some that Wisconsin could use in its “code”: IF we adopt a state strategic plan for K-12 computer science education, THEN we’ll begin catching up to Indiana, where 72% of high schools offer computer science. IF we provide funding for computer science teacher training, THEN a young girl might find her calling much earlier than I did. IF we allow computer science to satisfy a core graduation requirement, THEN we’ll develop more local programming talent to contribute to the Midwest’s growing tech industry. The output of this program? Innovation — and more Wisconsinites with better-paying jobs. We can’t be satisfied with the slow pace of computer science education growth in Wisconsin. Our students are missing out on years of education in this vital subject and our inaction is causing us to fall behind our national peers. I regret immensely that my introduction to computer science came so late in my academic career. My fervent wish is that the young students in Wisconsin classrooms wondering how computers work get their answer 12 years sooner than I did. Mary Callanan is a rising junior at Yale University majoring in computer science. She is a board member and a lead classroom mentor of Code Haven, a student-run organization whose mission is to inclusively increase access to computer science to local middle schoolers. She graduated from Divine Savior Holy Angels High School in 2018. Email:
Which dog breed is perfect for you? Everything you need to know about the grain-free dog food diet © Pixabay Diet trends come and go, and the ones that stay stir up lots of opinions. The grain-free diet is no exception! Here’s what you need to know about the grain free dog food diet. By Ashley Murphy Updated on the 08/02/2021, 13:53 What are grains? Grains are the seeds of plants that are grown, cultivated, and processed into food-stuff. Basically, any food made from wheat is classed as a grain. This includes bread, rice, oats, cereals, pasta, and tortillas. Grains are divided into two categories: unrefined and refined. The only difference is that refined grains undergo a milling process which removes the bran and germ. This improves their ‘shelf-life’, meaning they don't spoil as quickly as unrefined grains. But this milling process also strips away dietary fibre, iron, and vitamins. In some cases, these are added back into the grains after processing. These grains will be labelled as enriched. So are grains good or bad? It depends. Eating too many refined grains has been linked to obesity, inflammation, and digestive problems. But the right amount of unrefined grains may reduce the risk of heart disease, as well as being a good source of fibre and vitamin B. Whatever the case, unrefined grains are definitely better than refined ones. Can dogs eat grains? They can, but whether or not they should is still up for debate. Those arguing against the grain often refer to the domesticated dogs closest ancestor, the wolf. Their argument is that you'll never see a wolf grazing through a cornfield. Instead, these carnivores are on the lookout for fresh meat. Given that dogs descend from wolves, the idea is that they should be eating the same foods. It suggests that dogs have not evolved to process grains. Their systems are not equipped for breaking down complex carbohydrates, and many fibres and grains remain undigested. Over time, this may lead to inflammation disorders, bowel problems, allergies, and obesity. But there are two sides to most stories. The pro-grain camp argues that dogs have had plenty of time to adjust to a “modern” diet that includes grains. DNA research suggests that the domesticated dog evolved around 7,000 years ago. This is around the same time that humans began cultivating large areas of lands. The idea here is that dogs developed along with agriculture, meaning they were often fed the scraps and leftovers from all kinds of “human” food, including grains. Scientists have also looked at the AMY2B gene, which is responsible for producing chemicals that break down grains. Their studies have shown that the gene is 28 times more active in dogs than wolves. I’m confused: should I feed my dog grains or not? It's ok if you're feeling confused; both sides make compelling arguments. On the one hand, the “carnivore” diet appears to make sense. It's natural. It's based on the foods our dogs were "designed" to eat. On the other hand, the pro-grain team are keen to stress that today's modern dogs are very different from their ancestors, and there's a bit of science to prove it. So there's really no right or wrong answer, or at least not yet. But you know your dog better than anyone else. If they seem in good health and high spirits, then they might be well adapted to a diet that includes grain. Think carefully before making any changes to their routine, or at least consult a vet beforehand. When should I stop feeding my dog grains? For whatever reasons, some dogs don't react well to grains. These pooches are likely to develop allergies, stomach issues, digestive problems, and obesity. If your dog is suffering from anything like this, then switching up their diet might help. Tips for going grain free If you decide that going grain-free is best for your dog, then start off slowly. Going cold turkey on the grain could be counterproductive. Start off by switching up just one meal a day. Then gradually reduce the grains over the following week, replacing them with protein and vegetables. This allows your dog's system to adjust. You can also keep notes on how the new diet is affecting your dog. Best grain free dog food There are loads of companies producing grain free dog food. You can choose from wet canned food to dry dog food. The quality of the ingredients will vary within each product, so do plenty of research before deciding on what to put into your dog. Alternatively, you can take a DIY approach by cooking and preparing all your dogs meals. A non-grain diet needs to be high in protein, but it must also include enough healthy fats and vitamins. Vegetables like carrots and sweet potatoes are great sources of healthy carbs, and you can also introduce a few multivitamin supplements to keep your dog healthy. Going grain-free isn't about being right, or winning the argument. It's about what's right for your dog. Each of our pets has a unique set of dietary requirements, and each one responds differently to different types of food. If they seem healthy, then it's probably a good idea to leave them be. If not, then changing over to a non-grain diet may improve their overall health. Think carefully before making any changes to your dogs routine, and speak to a specialist for more advice.
1THE Superintendent of lineal measure shall possess the knowledge of measuring space and time. 28 atoms (paramánavah) are equal to 1 particle thrown off by the wheel of a chariot. 8 particles are equal to 1 likshá. 8 likshás are equal to the middle of a yúka (louse) or a yúka of medium size. 8 yúkas are equal to 1 yava (barley) of middle size. 8 yavas are equal to 1 angula (¾ of an English inch) or the middlemost joint of the middle finger of a man of medium size may be taken to be equal to an angula. 34 angulas are equal to 1 dhanurgraha. 8 angulas are equal to 1 dhanurmushti. 12 angulas are equal to 1 vitasti, or 1 chháyápaurusha. 14 angulas are equal to 1 sama, sala, pariraya, or pada. 2 vitastis are equal to 1 aratni or 1 prájápatya hasta. 42 vitastis plus 1 dhanurgraha are equal to 1 hasta used in measuring balances and cubic measures, and pasture lands. 2 vitastis plus 1 dhanurmusti 1 kishku or 1 kamsa. 42 angulas are equal to 1 kishku according to sawyers and blacksmiths and used in measuring the grounds for the encampment of the army, for forts and palaces. 554 angulas are equal to 1 hasta used in measuring timber forests. 84 angulas are equal to 1 vyáma, used in measuring ropes and the depth of digging, in terms of a man’s height. 4 aratnis are equal to 1 danda, 1 dhanus, 1 nálika and 1 paurusha. 108 angulas are equal to 1 garhapatya dhanus (i.e., a measure used by carpenters called grihapati). This measure is used in measuring roads and fort-walls. 6The same (108 angulas) are equal to 1 paurusha, a measure used in building sacrificial altars. 6 kamsas or 192 angulas are equal to 1 danda, used in measuring such lands as are gifted to Bráhmans. 10 dandas are equal to 1 rajju. 2 rajjus are equal to 1 paridesa (square measure). 3 rajjus are equal to 1 nivartana (square measure). The same (3 rajjus) plus 2 dandas on one side only are equal to 1 báhu (arm). 1000 dhanus are equal to 1 goruta (sound of a cow). 4 gorutas are equal to 1 yojana. Thus are the lineal and square measures dealt with. 7Then with regard to the measures of time: (The divisions of time are) a truti, lava, nimesha, káshthá, kalá, náliká, muhúrta, forenoon, afternoon, day, night, paksha, month, ritu (season), ayana (solstice); samvatsara (year), and yuga. 82 trutis are equal to 1 lava. 2 lavas are equal to 1 nimesha. 5 nimeshas are equal to 1 káshthá. 30 káshthás are equal to 1 kalá. 40 kalás are equal to 1 náliká, or the time during which one ádhaka of water passes out of a pot through an aperture of the same diameter as that of a wire of 4 angulas in length and made of 4 máshas of gold. 2 nálikas are equal to 1 muhúrta. 15 muhúrtas are equal to 1 day or 1 night. 9Such a day and night happen in the months of Chaitra and Asvayuja. Then after the period of six months it increases or diminishes by three muhúrtas. 10When the length of shadow is eight paurushas (96 angulas), it is 1/18th part of the day. 11When it is 6 paurushas (72 angulas), it is 1/14th part of the day; when 4 paurushas, 1/8th part; when 2 paurushas, 1/6th part; when 1 paurusha, ¼th part; when it is 8 angulas, 3/10th part (trayodasabhágah); when 4 angulas, 3/8th part; and when no shadow is cast, it is to be considered midday. 12Likewise when the day declines, the same process in reverse order shall be observed. 13It is in the month of Ashádha that no shadow is cast in midday. After Ashádha, during the six months from Srávana upwards, the length of shadow successively increases by two angulas and during the next six months from Mágha upwards, it successively decreases by two angulas. 14Fifteen days and nights together make up one paksha. That paksha during which the moon waxes is white (sukla) and that paksha during which the moon wanes is bahula. 15Two pakshas make one month (mása). Thirty days and nights together make one work-a-month (prakarmamásah). The same (30 days and nights) with an additional half a day makes one solar month (saura). 16The same (30) less by half a day makes one lunar month (chandramása). 17Twenty-seven (days and nights) make a sidereal month (nakshatramása). 18Once in thirty-two months there comes one malamása profane month, i.e., an extra month added to lunar year to harmonise it with the solar. 19Once in thirty-five months there comes a malamása for Asvaváhas. 20Once in forty months there comes a malamása for hastiváhas. 21Two months make one ritu (season). 22Srávana and proshthapada make the rainy season (varshá). 23Asvayuja and Kárthíka make the autumn (sarad). 24Márgasírsha and Phausha make the winter (hemanta). 25Mágha and Phalguna make the dewy season (sisira). 26Chaitra and Vaisákha make the spring (vasanta). 27Jyeshthámúlíya and Ashádha make the summer (grishma). 28Seasons from sisira and upwards are the summer-solstice (uttaráyana), and (those) from varshá and upwards are the winter solstice (dakshináyana). Two solstices (ayanas) make one year (samvatsara). Five years make one yuga. 29The sun carries off (harati) 1/60th of a whole day every day and thus makes one complete day in every two months (ritau). Likewise the moon (falls behind by 1/60th of a whole day every day and falls behind one day in every two months). Thus in the middle of every third year, they (the sun and the moon) make one adhimása, additional month, first in the summer season and second at the end of five years.
10 Internet Safety Tips to Protect Yourself Online The internet is the main avenue for professional communication, payment transactions, and information sharing, but with so many people working remotely these days, internet safety is more important than ever before. Imagine sitting down at your favorite coffee shop with your laptop open and headphones on. Not too difficult to picture, right? Now, imagine signing into a Wi-Fi network that looks like it belongs to the coffee shop. Little do most people know, hackers are often waiting for public Wi-Fi users to sign into fake Wi-Fi networks. Once you’ve signed in, it’s incredibly easy for hackers to steal confidential information, personal identity, and credit card numbers. Setting up fake Wi-Fi networks is just one of many ways hackers can steal your information. That’s why we’ve put together 10 practical tips to help you stay safe on the internet and avoid the catastrophe of identity theft. 1. Don’t fall prey to ‘clickbait’ If you receive an email promising you a million dollars or a free cruise through the Bahamas, know that it’s always too good to be true. Try checking your email settings to make sure you have your filter turned ‘on.’ This will help prevent fake emails meant to give your device a virus from coming into your inbox. This might stop certain emails you want from coming through, so just make sure you check your ‘junk’ folder every once in a while. 2. Don’t share personal information online Don’t share personal information on public social media platforms. Pretty straightforward, right? Make your social media accounts private if you share your heart and soul with your friends. Also, don’t have your personal email address where anyone can find it. This will minimize the number of ‘free cruises’ you’re offered over email. 3. Be wary of what you download Cybercriminals love installing malware through free downloads. Never download apps or documents unless they come from a website you know and trust. Know what you’re downloading before you click on that “free and easy download” that’s not actually real. 4. Invest in a reliable virtual private network (VPN) Using a virtual private network (VPN) is an excellent way to protect your online activity, especially when you’re using public Wi-Fi networks. VPNs work by routing your internet connection through a private server, rather than coming directly from your computer. Since the VPN encrypts your data, your identity stays anonymous, which means that hackers won’t be able to steal your personal information as easily. Investing in a good VPN is an important step to online safety and security. Consider the following VPNs if you’re looking for a place to start. Below is a list of the top VPNs for privacy based on their logging policy. You can easily read individual reviews on each brand available. Best VPN services for privacy VPN providerPriceLogs policyDetails PureVPN$10.95/mo.Zero logs for incoming or outgoing trafficView Plans Surfshark$11.95/mo.Strict no-logging policyView Plans NordVPN$11.95/mo.Zero logging policy approved by auditorsView Plans ExpressVPN$12.95/mo.Logs minimal information, such as server locationView Plans For a deeper comparison, check out our breakdown of the Best VPN Services for Privacy. 5. Update your antivirus program There are plenty of internet security programs to choose from. While it can’t protect you from every online threat, it’s important to update your security program so it can detect the latest versions of threatening malware. Even the most updated antivirus programs can’t protect you from every hacker. In order to protect your privacy further, consider using a VPN in addition to an antivirus program. 6. Know how to choose strong passwords Passwords like “thisismypassword” or “rememberpassword” are examples you should stay away from. Think of something unique to you; use numbers and a mix of upper and lower case letters. Instead of creating a password that’s easy to remember, create a unique strong password, and take the time to write it down. Here’s another tip: don’t use the same password over and over. You don’t want the hacker that broke into your Facebook account to also know how to access your online banking, Instagram, Gmail, Venmo, and Amazon Prime. 7. Practice safe shopping habits When shopping online, remember to pay attention to website domains. If the website starts with “https,” it’s more secure than sites beginning with “http.” Remember to look closely at the website domain before you purchase those filters for the pool that are on a major discount. 8. Remember to protect your cell phone and other hand-held devices Sometimes it’s easy to think of internet safety as only important for your laptop or PC. However, your phone, tablet, and other devices are at risk just as much, if not more. Many people use public Wi-Fi on their mobile devices even more than on their laptop. Using a VPN on your phone and tablet will help protect your data no matter where you go or what Wi-Fi you’re connected to. Consider using a VPN that allows you to connect multiple devices on one subscription. 9. Backup your data Backing up your data is important, no matter what. Avoid accidentally losing the photos you took on that trip abroad or those papers that took so long to write. Back them up on Google Drive, or somewhere you can access if something happens to your device. Remember, internet safety isn’t only about stopping hackers, it’s also important because it helps you avoid unwanted incidents like losing important work. 10. Turn ‘off’ your Bluetooth Bluetooth works by using radio waves to make the connection between devices wireless. Like any wireless connection, it can be disrupted by hackers. By having your Bluetooth on, you make your data more vulnerable by exposing your device through the connection. When in public, do yourself a favor; check your settings and turn Bluetooth ‘off.’ Now that you know some key tips for internet safety, check this out next. Still looking? Consider investing in a reliable VPN Keep your home safe with the best home security system.
Your weather when it really mattersTM Please choose your default site Asia - Pacific Six of the world's weirdest (and sometimes dangerous) lakes Sunday, April 21st 2019, 7:00 pm - Sometimes, a pretty, insta-worthy landscape hides a nasty secret. We wrote this week about a mysterious blue lagoon in Derbyshire, England, popular with shutterbugs for its electric blue hue -- which is a problem for any who wade in, given its alkalinity is about on a par with bleach or ammonia. We took a look around, and here are six other striking lakes with sometimes harmless, sometimes dangerous secrets. It’s okay for you to look at Western Australia’s Lake Hillier and think: “Okay, bad Photoshop.” Wikimedia commons lake hillier Kurioziteti123 Image: Kurioziteti123/Wikimedia Commons First sighted by Europeans in 1802, the lake is on Middle Island on the Recherche Archipelago off the state’s coast. It probably did exactly nothing to dispel the 19th Century popular imagination of Australia as the freakiest continent on Earth. Around 600 m across, surrounded by lush forest and separated from the ocean by a narrow strip of land, it’s a colourful sideshow in paradise. Most sources we looked at, including, say the pink colour probably comes from bacteria living in salt crusts in the lake (another lake nearby, actually called “Pink Lake, has a similar look). Wikimedia commons lake hillier PruneCron Image: Wikimedia Commons/PruneCron The site says you can only view it by air, but this tourism site has pictures apparently taken from the shore (it also says the bacterial excretions would be harmless to swimmers). You can take a cruise to the area (there’s plenty to do and see), or you can do what Red Bull athlete Chuck Berry did, and admire Lake Hillier by wingsuit: In a similar vein to Lake Hillier, here’s a case where it’s less “bad Photoshop” and more “bad acid trip.” Jim Peaco Yellowstone prismatic spring Image: Jim Peaco/National Parks Service The Grand Prismatic Spring, in Yellowstone National Park, really does look like that, with those vivid colours in rings around the boiling centre. It’s the largest hot spring in the United States, and the third hottest in the world. How hot? This Smithsonian Magazine article about the science behind the spring says it’s 87°C in the centre, not far from boiling, whereas the outermost ring gets to around 55°C. Those temperatures explain the colours. The centre of the spring is much too hot for any life to survive, so there’s nothing clouding the water to take away from the vivid blue of refracted sunlight. The further you get, the cooler the water becomes, and the easier it is for highly specialized (and hardy) bacteria to thrive, although depending on water temperature they’ll take on different pigments for photosynthesis (Smithsonian explains it better). Miguel Hermoso Cuesta Wikipedia Yellowstone prismatic spring Image: Miguel Hermoso Cuesta/Wikimedia Commons. It was known to Native Americans before a fur trapper encountered it in 1839, and it was officially described by a survey mission in the 1870s. These days a small admission fee will get you access to a boardwalk that will take you quite near it. Just don’t leave the boardwalk. The tourist in this YouTube video was fined $125 for leaving a boardwalk near another spring in the park. Park Rangers won’t look any more kindly on you if you try that near the more colourful spring. They’re not fond of drones either. In 2014, a tourist was fined $3,000 for crashing a drone in the spring (rangers couldn't retrieve it because they couldn’t find its exact location and don’t want to disturb the area in a wide-ranging search). Another visitor who did the same thing was banned for a year. James St. John Wikipedia Yellowstone prismatic spring Image: James St. John/Wikimedia Commons It’s a heck of a natural treasure under close supervision, and its custodians take their jobs very, very seriously. Here’s a weird natural wonder, right here in Canada, near Osoyoos, B.C. Spotted Lake Robin Carmichael Image: Robin Carmichael Local First Nations people call it Khiluk Lake, but it’s also commonly known as Spotted Lake, for reasons that are quite apparent. It’s packed with more than a dozen different minerals, including magnesium, calcium and sodium sulphates, so when the lake’s waters evaporate in the summer, sometimes colourful crystals get left behind in those little pools. Depending on your vantage point, they can reflect the sky and landscape to make for some intense hues. Spotted Lake Dan Lybarger Image: Dan Lybarger But even this multi-coloured spectacle apparently can’t exist without some kind of bad history. First Nations people in the area consider its waters, purported to have healing properties, sacred, but that wasn't enough to deter developers who tried to build a health spa on the site. Public and political pushback put paid to the plan, but decades later, a new development scheme would have seen tons of the mud in the area trucked away for spa treatments … possibly in California. Spotted LAke Dee Newman Image: Dee Newman. That plan didn't make it either (you can read the story of the back-and-forth by Michael Kluckner here). Now although the land is on private property, you can still get a glimpse of it from the fence surrounding it. They say nothing can stop progress, and the former inhabitants of the town of Graun in South Tyrol, an Italian region with strong German and Austrian roots, know that quite well. They completely lost their homes due to the development of hydroelectric power in the region. Well, maybe ‘lost’ isn’t the right word. They knew quite well where their town went: Right beneath the waters of Lake Resia (also known as the Reschensee): Lake Resia Wikimedia Commons Image: Noclador/Wikimedia Commons. That 14th Century bell tower sticking up out of the lake is all that remains visible of Graun. According to Mental Floss, developers drew up plans for a hydroelectric dam in 1939, but it wasn’t completed until 1950. In the path of the rising waters were more than 150 buildings and 500 hectares of farmland, according to the South Tyrol tourism department. You can see shots of the town as it used to be in the German-language documentary below, about 15 seconds in. Some of the former inhabitants used their compensation money to move away, but some stayed on, starting again in Upper Graun on the water’s edge. In the meantime, the submerged town has become a big tourist draw for the area. In winter, you can even skate near the bell tower, as the ice can reach a thickness of 40 cm. The local tourism department even sets up speed skating tracks. Lake Resia panorama Wikimedia Commons Image: Llorenzi/Wikimedia Commons It honestly looks like great fun. Though if there are any still-living denizens of Old Graun, we wonder what they’d have to say about their former home becoming just another stop on someone’s Alpine road trip. Roopkund, called “mystery lake” for reasons that will shortly become horribly clear, seems no different from any other glacial lake in the mountains of northern India. Until you get close up. That’s when the illusion of tranquil seclusion gets a little tarnished by the skeletal remains littering the lake’s shores. During the few weeks where Roopkund is unfrozen, the bones are visible in the clear mountain waters of the lake itself. Most of the bodies, around 200 in total, show evidence of crushing blows from above, to the head and shoulders, according to this article in The Hindu newspaper. The British forest guard that discovered them while exploring the area in the 1940s must have had a bit of a shock, especially since back then the threat of Japanese invasion seemed very real. The theory that the doomed group were Japanese forces didn’t last long, as the bones were much too old. The spooky circumstances fired up the popular imagination, which reckoned the bodies belonged to everything from the forces of a lost Kashmiri general, to ritual suicide. Wikipedia Roopkund Schwiki 1 Image: Schwiki/Wikimedia Commons And when a National Geographic Expedition retrieved 30 bodies for DNA testing in 2003, it got even weirder: According to India Today, a large amount of the dead were from the same family, dating back the mid-Ninth Century. Finally, scientists hit upon the answer: Rather than bandits or avalanches, the travellers all died beneath a massive barrage of cricket-ball sized hail, explaining the position and nature of the wounds. Wikipedia Roopkund Schwiki 2 Image: Schwiki/Wikimedia Commons Hail that size isn’t common, but it does happen. In Canada and the U.S.’ tornado alley, hail can reach the size of toonies, golf balls, softballs and larger. Without the benefit of vehicles or buildings to shelter in up in the mountain wilderness, those travellers would have been totally at the mercy of whatever violent storm produced the hail. It’s an old cliché: A grizzled band of Spanish conquistadors, far from home and low on supplies, plodding deeper and deeper into the endless jungle in a fruitless search for El Dorado, the lost city of gold. There never was such a thing, but there’s one place, Lake Guatavita, where the legend contains a grain of truth, and more than a few grains of actual gold. The small lake was the centre of a religious ceremony of the Muisca people. On the day a new chief was chosen, he would be covered in gold dust, and rowed on a raft to the centre of this lake. He’d toss several gold artifacts into the waters as an offering to the goddess Chie, then hurl himself in last, emerging as a consecrated chief. The peoples of that part of Colombia were expert goldsmiths, as can be seen by this golden sculpture of the chief’s raft, cast whole from excellent quality gold. It was found in a nearby cave, not the lake, but the Spaniards, and many, many others, figured since they were plundering the rest of the Americas they might as well plumb Lake Guatavita’s depths for the rest of the treasure. This post at Manhattan Gold and Silver (we guess they’d know about these things) includes some highlights. The Spaniards first tried to drain the lake in the 16th Century, via non-stop bucket chain. They only managed to lower the water level by three metres, but exposed enough gold artifacts estimated at hundreds of thousands of pounds. Wikipedia Guatavita artifacts Jononmac46 Image: Jononmac46/Wikimedia Commons. Another expedition brought the water levels down by 20 m, but the draining mechanism collapsed, killing several workers. Yes, the search for gold cost lives. Finally, in 1898, a major effort almost emptied the lake. But that only made it worse: The lake bed was a morass of mud that was unsafe to traverse, and the sun soon baked it as hard as concrete. The expedition only uncovered a few hundred British pounds’ worth of items. And still, it didn’t stop. This source details a number of failed 20th Century attempts before the Colombian government forbade any more. And anyway, the author says, despite the prevailing idea that the best treasure was still in the deepest depths, by now there’s probably not much left. Default saved Search Location Sign In Please sign in to use this feature.
Month: February, 2021 7 Ways To Pull Carbon From The Atmosphere If we are ever going to return the atmosphere to pre-industrial levels, we have to take out some of the carbon we’ve already put into the sky. Still, carbon capture is a controversial topic and one that many people know very little about. So let’s look at 7 carbon capture methods and how they work. How The COVID-19 Vaccine Could Lead To A Cure For Cancer The mRNA technology behind the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are groundbreaking, but their potential goes way beyond COVID-19. They have the ability to help the body fight a multitude of diseases, from enzyme deficiencies, to diabetes, and even, yes, cancer. Special thanks to Theo Wilson for his help researching this video.
Women Artists & Writers of Early Yosemite Throughout national parks history, many women have fallen in love with our national parks and who can blame them. Our national parks are a site unlike anything else in the world. There are many famous men who helped document the national parks in their early years. Writers like Thoreau and Muir, along with painters like Moran and photographers like Watkins, all used their art to promote the beauty of nature. All of these men (and more) were crucial in helping to make the national parks popular, but there were female counterparts that played a quiet, yet still important role in documenting the wilderness. Writer Jessie Benton Fremont, photographer Mary Winslow, and painter Constance Gordon-Cummings, all documented our early national parks, with Yosemite being the favorite between the three. These women were not as popular as the men of this time, but that’s not to say their contributions were not just as important. Jessie Benton Fremont in undated photograph. (Photograph courtesy of the Library of Congress) Jessie Benton Fremont was an explorer and preservationist at a time when this was not common for women. She followed her husband, John C. Fremont, on his expeditions in the West and documented each experience. She fell in love with Yosemite and nearby areas, like the Mariposa Grove. She wrote of her time camping here in such an eloquent way. She writes, “The grandeur of this silent forest, this ‘green solitude where awful silence dwells,’ told on us all, trees of six and eight feet in diameter, rising straight as masts over a hundred feet, the golden-green canopy through which high above only a mist of sunlight came, made a cathedral dignity that hushed us.”[1] Her words arouse a desire to see those trees and view the sunlight as it comes through the canopy – to experience this for oneself. She did not simply enjoy these wonderful sites; she wanted to preserve them. She commissioned photographer Carleton Watkins to photography Yosemite and the surrounding areas, then used these pictures to convince Congress and ultimately President Lincoln that these areas needed to be preserved for public use. This ultimately culminated in the creation and signing of the Yosemite Grant which was the first step in what would eventually become our national parks. This group of photographers is helping the woman in their party across the footbridge, Mary Winslow would have crossed unassisted while carrying her own equipment. (Photograph courtesy of the Library of Congress) Mary Winslow was a self-taught photographer who was eventually commissioned to take pictures of California’s orange groves and other land around Los Angeles. She was a woman who marched to the beat of her own drum and simply did whatever she wanted, societal rules be damned. She traveled “in a buggy alone, and thinks nothing whatever of driving her own horse over any road where somebody else’s horse has been driven” and her “only arms are a revolver and a man’s hat.”[2] With the money she earned from her commission by the city of California, she traveled with a group to Yosemite “where she duly admired the wonderful, had a jolly good time and made photographs at the same time.”[3] Once the party returned from the trip, she showed them her pictures and they were a hit with the group. Each person purchased several from her. Many women at this time found it difficult to break into the field of photography and receive recognition, so her work went almost entirely unnoticed and it is difficult to find many surviving photographs. This is completely opposite of photographers like Watkins, whose work was well known and has been preserved over time. Constance Gordon-Cumming inn 1893. (Photograph courtesy of the NPS) Yet another woman to document Yosemite was Constance Gordon-Cummings, a writer and painter. She was a world traveler who visited Australia, New Zealand, America, China, Tahiti, and Japan. In 1878, she visited Yosemite in what was supposed to be a short three-day visit. Instead, she stayed for roughly three months. She was initially informed that three days would be plenty of time to see everything Yosemite had to offer. However, upon realization that it would take much longer, she wrote, “I for one have wandered far enough over the wide world to know a unique glory when I am blessed by the sight of one, and the first glimpse of this extraordinary combination of granite crags and stupendous waterfalls showed me plainly enough that it would take me weeks to make acquaintance with them, and that if I fail to do so I shall regret it all my life.”[4] Her time in Yosemite was documented by her pictures and writings, which was eventually put together in a book called Granite Crags of California. It was actually quite popular at the time and I believe she had an easier time gaining exposure than Mary Winslow due to the fact that women writers were fairly common at that point. These three women had varying degrees of popularity, exposure, and success, but all of them had a hand in documenting early Yosemite and assisting in the popularity of nature as a place to escape and enjoy. They stepped outside of the normal roles of women during this time period and weren’t afraid to explore the wilderness. If it were not for their adventurous spirit, we may not have some of the documentation of early Yosemite today. Honestly, if it weren’t for Jessie Fremont, we may never have had Yosemite as a national park. I think each of these women played an extremely important role in Yosemite’s history, yet they have not received the recognition I feel they have absolutely earned. My hope is that as time goes on, more people discover the roles women played in preserving our national parks. [1] Jessie Benton Fremont, Far West Sketches (Boston: D. Lothrop Company, 1890), 139. [2] Article, San Francisco Examiner, March 14, 1895. [3] Article, San Francisco Examiner, March 14, 1895. [4] Constance Gordon-Cumming, Granite Crags of California (London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1888), 91.
Land & Water Session Summary The session provided an overview of concrete financial mechanisms that are supporting the upscaling of sustainable use of non-conventional water technologies. In order to remove the barriers and reduce the investments risks, the strengthening of international and multi-stakeholder cooperation is key. All speakers highlighted the key role of public-private partnerships. This allows to decrease the risks of investments and share the complementary human, financial and technical resources to implement long-term water projects. Water pricing is a key component in sustainable water resources management. Pricing policies to promote the reuse of reclaimed water cannot be adopted in isolation, and it is essential to act globally on water prices including all water sources. There is need to consider non-conventional water sources from a multiple use and circular economy viewpoint, which can address all environmental, social and economic bottom lines. Key take home points from each speaker: Mr Francesc Hernández highlighted how current economics of water reuse projects are a barrier for the scaling up of non-conventional waters technologies. The value of reclaimed water depends on a series of attributes including the presence of certain nutrients that can benefit farm production; the guaranteed availability of these resources; user perception of this type of resource also have an impact, particularly on willingness to pay. The setting of a water price plays a key role in promoting the use of reclaimed water without increasing the total amount of water consumed. Any pricing policy to promote the reuse of reclaimed water cannot be adopted in isolation. He emphasized that, from the point of view of Integrated Water Resource Management, it is essential to act globally on water prices including all water sources. Mr Octavi Quintana Trias presented the work of PRIMA, a Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area. PRIMA funds projects on water management, farming systems and agro-food value chain. Three projects were highlighted on 1. Decision Support-based approach for sustainable Water reuse Application in agricultural Production (DSWAP) 2. Safe & sustainable solutions for the integrated use of non-conventional water resources in the Mediterranean agricultural sector (FIT4REUSE) 3. Self-sufficient Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaponic systems for improving food production sustainability and brackish water use and recycling (SIMTAP). He highlighted the importance of implementing Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) in the framework of circular economy. Ms Valeria Silvestri presented the experience of IFAD in financially supporting the inclusion of smallholder farmers in the rural circular economy. IFAD provides governments and the private sector with finance needed for rural development. The loans and grants request a co-financing by governments, beneficiaries and international institutions for every project. She provided the example of two projects in the Upper Tana Catchment in Kenya. The objective of the projects is to achieve a well-conserved Upper Tana River Basin with improved water quality and quantity for sustainable food production. A Public-Private-Producers-Partnership (4P) Fund has been established for the area to increase investment flows. Combining public goods, financial instruments and contractual arrangements with small farmers and agribusinesses through 4Ps can attract additional resources. Ms Heba Ahmed presented the experience of the World Bank in maximizing finance for development for water in agriculture. The World Bank aims at helping countries maximize finance for development, without pushing the public sector into unsustainable levels of debt and contingent liabilities. This will entail pursuing private sector solutions where they can help achieve development goals, and reserve scarce public finance for where it is most needed. Regular financial tools exist but more needs to be done on legal frameworks, mindsets, stakeholder linkages. An important paradigm shift is necessary at multiple levels to advance sustainable sanitation services towards a circular economy in which wastewater is considered a valuable resource rather than a liability Ms Aranzazu Muncia presented the private sector prospective on financing for non-conventional waters. Investments and consequent development of desalination and water reuse technologies is rapidly increasing, with more than 20000 desalination plants around the world and a water reuse capacity of 124 million m3/d at the end of 2019 (almost double compared to 2010). There is a gap between the consumption and withdrawals - we are withdrawing more than double the water we use. We need to minimize this gap. A key solution for improved financing is the public-private partnership, which allows the sharing of human, financial and technical resources that enables the ideal allocation, since the responsibility is allotted to the entity best fit to implement the project, thus improving efficiency and cost.
Sunday, April 5, 2015 Instructions in a Foreign Language for Assembling Your Ikea Domestic Chair Writers by definition have a vivid, multifarious sense of imagination. Let us say this sense of imagination clocks in at about an eight or nine on a scale of one to ten, with ten being the highest. Some writers have a range of imagination that goes right off the chart. In comparison, most of the rest of us are given less pressure and/or opportunity to use our imagination sense, thus we max out around five or six. This is by no means a relegation to such euphemisms as "imagination challenged" or the more hurtful ones such as "dull," "thick," or "dumb." Nor is this attempt to examine the reaches and potentials of imagination as etched in stone or lacking in the potential for development and later enhancement. Muscle builders are able to develop greater, more articulated muscle mass by pumping iron and supportive exercises. Artists, inventors, mathematicians, engineers, and the like have it within their power to develop imagination by studied, purposeful exercises and focused lifestyles. Bottom line: unless there has been trauma or birth defect, we all of us have a potential for at least a five in terms of intelligence and imaginative powers. We also have the power to enhance intelligence and imagination. Writers use their imagination to devise vivid patterns of activity, decision making, and the ability to influence desired outcomes, such patterns widely received as story. Writers also use their imaginative qualities to explore ways of presenting story through other ways than pure description, which is to say the "once upon a time, there was a" approach to the portrayal of narrative. Among such other methods are implication, by which is meant that the various actors are allowed to interact, content, and have effect on one another without any kind of direct explanation of what these interactions and effects mean, much less overt clues to the author's intentions. Characters themselves may question or incorrectly interpret the motives and responses of other characters. Another, closely related approach is subtext, in which characters say one thing but do an opposite other, leaving the reader to pry out the most plausible meaning. This approach is a first cousin as it were to an inherent irony between the characters, the text itself, and the reader, best described by Tennessee Williams' significant drama, A Streetcar Named Desire, in which the major character, Blanche Dubois, for all her moments on the stage, is of a fragile emotional construction. As the final curtain falls, Blanche is being led off to an insane asylum. One of the more memorable portrayals of Blanche came from the British actress, Vivien Leigh, herself of such emotional fragility that her portrayal of Blanche took her deeper into her own trouble areas to the point where the writer and director began to fear the actress had gone so far into the vulnerability of Blanche that Vivien could not make a complete return. This brings us to two of the more prominent ways for presenting the dramatic narratives we call fiction in book or journal form. The first is by description, wherein one or more of the characters become obvious stand-ins for either the author, him-or-herself, or as a metaphor for some Cosmic Overview. A splendid example of such an approach is Thornton Wilder's play set in the fictional Grover's Corners of early twentieth century New Hampshire, Our Town. The teller of this tale is The Stage Manager, a dramatic equivalent of a Managing Editor, the organizer, the one who has the accepted vision of the story. It is he who calls our attention to the sentiments, themes, and smoldering yearnings of the depicted characters. You have heard classroom discussions of Our Town in which The Stage Manager was likened to God. Until you'd heard that interpretation, your wish had been to perform the role of The Stage Manager. The possibility of him being God was enough to make you reconsider. Not until you and your pal, Digby Wolfe, were in a close series of meetings relative to writing a miniseries based on the Bruce Jay Friedman play, Steambath, set in a steambath, where a character known only as The Attendant was, in fact, meant to be God, had you come around to seeing and believing story situations of such depth that you were ready to commit more time to television and away from books. The second prominent way for presenting story is by evocation, where your choice of character is so specific and individualized that the character can be seen in dozens of interpretive ways. Thus the very specificity of locale for such so-called regionalism writers as Cather, Faulkner, Steinbeck, and McMurtry injected their work with universal appeal. You're reminded of a film clip you once witnessed on YouTube, wherein a production of The Fiddler on the Roof was rendered in Japanese by an all-Japanese troupe, illustrating yet again the way the smaller focus becomes the unintentional large focus. This is in a sense the kind of instruction sheet you get with some electronic device, presented in several languages, with enough pictures or drawings to lead you to set-up, install, and use the device. Your goal, in direct terms, which you are trying to make as unambiguous as possible: remove any dense of description from your work, particularly those Ikea-like instructions coming from the author. No comments:
Discover the most talked about and latest scientific content & concepts. Concept: Vegetarian cuisine There is growing evidence for a relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality. Few studies, however, specifically explored consuming raw versus cooked vegetables in relation to health and mortality outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of all-cause mortality with: a) fruit and vegetable consumption, either combined or separately; b) the consumption of raw versus cooked vegetables in a large cohort of Australian middle-aged and older adults. Concepts: Nutrition, Fruit, Tomato, Vegetable, Eggplant, Vegetarian cuisine, Cooking, Cucumber Grocery stores represent a context in which a majority of people’s food purchases occur. Considering the nutrition quality of the population’s food intake has dramatically decreased, understanding how to improve food choice in the grocery store is paramount to healthier living. In this work, we detail the type of financial resources from which shoppers could draw (i.e., personal income and benefits from government food assistance programs to low income populations) and explain how these financial resources are allocated in the grocery store (i.e., planned, unplanned, error). Subsequently, we identify a conceptual framework for shopper marketing nutrition interventions that targets unplanned fruit and vegetable purchases (i.e., slack, or willingness to spend minus list items). Targeting slack for fresh fruit and vegetable purchases allows retailers to benefit economically (i.e., fruit and vegetables are higher margin) and allows shoppers to improve their nutrition without increasing their budgets (i.e., budget neutrality). We also provide preliminary evidence of what in-store marketing of fresh fruits and vegetables could entail by modifying grocery carts and grocery floors to provide information of what is common, normal, or appropriate fruit and vegetable purchases. In each example, fresh fruit and vegetable purchases increased and evidence suggested shopper budget neutrality. To provide context for these results, we detail measurement tools that can be used to measure shopper behaviors, purchases, and consumption patterns. Finally, we address theoretical, practical, and policy implications of shopper marketing nutrition interventions. Concepts: Nutrition, Fruit, Tomato, Vegetable, Vegetarian cuisine, Supermarket, Grocery store, Grocer This paper analyses the Austrian water footprint of consumption (WF(cons)) for different diets: the current diet, a healthy diet (based upon the dietary recommendations issued by the German nutrition society, or DGE), a vegetarian diet and a combined diet between both latter diets. As in many western countries, the current Austrian diet consists of too many products from the groups sugar, crop oils, meat, animal fats, milk, milk products and eggs and not enough products from the groups cereals, rice, potatoes, vegetables and fruit. Especially the consumption of animal products accounts for high WF amounts. These diets result in a substantial reduction (range 922-1,362 l per capita per day (lcd)) of the WF(cons) for agricultural products, which is currently 3,655 lcd. However, the Austrian water footprint of agricultural production (WF(prod) = 2,066 lcd) still remains lower than even the WF(cons) for a vegetarian diet (2,293 lcd). As a result the country is a net virtual water importer regarding agricultural products for all analysed scenarios. Concepts: Agriculture, Nutrition, Fat, Meat, Vegetarian cuisine, Diets, Vegetarianism, Veganism The amount of the trace elements As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn was measured in top soils and edible mushrooms, Boletus edulis, Macrolepiota procera, collected at five distinct green microhabitats inside the Lucca province, North-Central Italy (years 2008-2009). Results showed a top soil element content within the Italian statutory limits. Concerning the amount of mushroom elements, we observed significant species-differences obtaining higher levels of Ni, Rb, and Se in B. edulis or As, Pb, Cu in M. procera. Bioaccumulation factors (BCFs: element in mushroom/element in soil) resulted species-dependent and element-selective: in particular, B. edulis preferentially accumulated Se (BCFs varying from 14 to 153), while M. procera mainly concentrated Cu (BCFs varying from 5 to 15). As well, both species displayed between-site BCF differences. By a multivariate principal component approach, cluster analysis (CA), we could resolve two main clusters of soil element composition, corresponding to the most ecologically divergent sites. Besides, CA showed no cluster relating to element contents of B. edulis at the different collection sites, while a separation in groups was found for M. procera composition with respect to harvesting locations, suggesting uptake systems, in this saprotrophic species, sensitive to microhabitat. Regarding consumer safety, Cd, Hg, Pb levels resulted sometime relevant in present samples, never reaching values from current literature on mushrooms collected in urban-polluted areas. Our findings encourage a deeper assessment of the molecular mechanisms of metal intake by edible mushrooms, encompassing genetic biochemical and geo-ecological variables, with particular awareness to element bioavailability in soils and fungi. Concepts: Vegetarian cuisine, Boletus edulis, Mushroom, Edible mushroom, Agaricales, Tuscany, Edible fungi, Mushroom hunting Direct-to-consumer marketing efforts, such as community-supported agriculture (CSA), have been proposed as a solution for disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption. Evaluations of such efforts have been limited. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a CSA intervention to increase household inventory of fruits and vegetables and fruit and vegetable consumption of residents of an underresourced community. Concepts: Pea, Fruit, Tomato, Vegetable, Eggplant, Vegetarian cuisine, Cucumber Browning is one of the most common postharvest changes in button mushrooms, which often results in economic losses. Phenolic compounds, which are associated with browning, were extracted from the non-bruised and bruised skin tissue of various button mushrooms with a sulphite containing solution and analysed with UHPLC-PDA-MS. In total, 34 phenolic compounds were detected. Only small differences in the total phenolic content between bruising-tolerant and sensitive strains were observed. The contents of γ-L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene (GHB) and γ-L-glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (GDHB) correlated with bruising-sensitivity, for example a R(2) of 0.85 and 0.98 was found for non-bruised brown strains, respectively. In non-bruised skin tissue of the strains with brown caps, the GHB and GDHB contents in sensitive strains were on average 20 times and 15 times higher, respectively, than in tolerant strains. GHB and GDHB likely participate in the formation of brown coloured GHB-melanin, which seemed the predominant pathway in bruising-related discoloration of button mushrooms. Concepts: Fungus, Vegetarian cuisine, Basidiomycota, Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, Agaricales, Agaricus, Agaricus campestris Abstract Purpose. To determine whether Transtheoretical Model (TTM) constructs differ between individuals making successful versus unsuccessful stage transitions for consumption of five or more servings of fruit and vegetables each day and thus provide a useful basis for designing health promotion interventions. Design. Longitudinal, observational study. A randomly selected, multiethnic cohort of adults assessed at 6-month intervals over 2 years. Setting. General community, Hawaii. Subjects. There were 700 participants (62.6% female; mean = 47 ± 17.1 years; 31.1% Asian, 22.1% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 35.0% Caucasian; 25.1% participation rate). Measures. Stage of readiness, experiential and behavioral processes of change, pros, cons, self-efficacy, and self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. Analysis. The study used t-tests to determine which TTM variable scores differed consistently between those making “successful” versus “unsuccessful ” stage transitions from precontemplation, preparation, and maintenance. Sample sizes for contemplation and action prohibited similar analyses. Results. Compared to those remaining in precontemplation, individuals successfully progressing from precontemplation showed significantly greater use of behavioral processes (collectively and self-liberation) and consciousness raising (p < .001). However, only self-liberation demonstrated significant differences consistently over time. Conclusion. This longitudinal investigation reveals that TTM behavioral processes, particularly self-liberation, predict successful transition out of precontemplation for adult fruit and vegetable consumption, suggesting that public health messages tailored according to these TTM variables may be effective for this group. However, for adults prepared to adopt or maintain fruit and vegetable consumption, tailoring based on variables from other theories is needed. Concepts: Scientific method, Public health, Behavior, Fruit, Tomato, Vegetable, Vegetarian cuisine, Transtheoretical model Globally, fruit and vegetable intakes are well below recommendations despite ample evidence to link insufficient intake with increased risk of overweight and obesity. Intakes of fruits and vegetables in the general population differ between males and females, and although there is growing evidence of intakes in men and women during weight loss, evidence that directly compares intakes in men and women during weight loss is lacking. This study aimed to identify any differences between males and females in fruit and vegetable intakes and plasma carotenoid concentrations during weight loss, and determine whether there is a relationship between any changes in fruit and vegetable intakes and weight change in both males and females. Concepts: Nutrition, Gender, Fruit, Tomato, Vegetable, Eggplant, Vegetarian cuisine, Cucumber Public Health England has set a definition for free sugars in the UK in order to estimate intakes of free sugars in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. This follows the recommendation from the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition in its 2015 report on Carbohydrates and Health that a definition of free sugars should be adopted. The definition of free sugars includes: all added sugars in any form; all sugars naturally present in fruit and vegetable juices, purées and pastes and similar products in which the structure has been broken down; all sugars in drinks (except for dairy-based drinks); and lactose and galactose added as ingredients. The sugars naturally present in milk and dairy products, fresh and most types of processed fruit and vegetables and in cereal grains, nuts and seeds are excluded from the definition. Concepts: Nutrition, Glucose, Milk, Cereal, Fruit, Carbohydrate, Sugar, Vegetarian cuisine The aim of this study was to estimate the presence of Echinococcus multilocularis DNA in fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms in rural areas of Varmia-Masuria Province, Poland, which is the region with the highest number of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) cases in this country. Recovery tests showed that E. multilocularis DNA is detectable in samples contaminated with at least 100 eggs of this tapeworm. In total, 103 environmental fruit, vegetable, and mushroom samples collected in forests, plantations, and kitchen gardens were analyzed using nested PCR assay based on the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. The parasite DNA was detected in 23.3 % of the samples. Sequencing confirmed that the obtained PCR products represented E. multilocularis. This study is the first environmental survey of the presence of E. multilocularis DNA in fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms intended for consumption. The results clearly demonstrate that it may be a direct source of human infections and shows the need to educate the public about the threat, especially people living in at-risk areas. Concepts: DNA, Bacteria, RNA, Ribosomal RNA, Fruit, Vegetable, Vegetarian cuisine, Echinococcus multilocularis
Spring into planting a sensory garden May is the start of outdoor gardening season in Minnesota. Adaptive gardening is a great way to get outdoors, get exercise and grow delicious produce or beautiful flowers. Gardening also provides vital sensory experiences. Many people underestimate how soothing an outdoor space can be to someone who is disabled or elderly. A garden can be an excellent outdoor space for any person for somebody to experience sights sounds and smells that they would otherwise not be able to enjoy. A larger number of public spaces and gardens are now being landscaped so that they can be enjoyed by people regardless of their health or level of ability. Sensory Gardens Sensory gardens are not only a fun spring project for gardeners, they also can provide great pleasure to visitors. Photo courtesy of ZooChat Sensory gardens are places where the whole idea is to encourage users to explore, touch, pick, smell and even crush plants, and interact with objects. This puts challenges on the design, particularly a need to make things robust and to choose plants and materials that can tolerate the inevitable damage from inquisitive hands. Where resources allow, gardeners can include plants that can be regularly replaced, or choose hardy plants that can withstand a lot of handling. Sensory gardens have evolved from the traditional concept of a “garden for the blind.” In a therapeutic context, it is a small garden designed to fulfill the needs of a group of people who want to be involved in active gardening and who also enjoy the passive pleasures of being outdoors amongst plants. Sensory gardens can be used for recreation as well as education. Many resources, online and in-print, can help a gardener plan for garden use by people with disabilities. Successful design relies on imaginative use of materials and opportunities. Consider ways of concentrating or ‘stage managing’ natural events, for example by introducing nest boxes and feeders so that birds can be seen or choosing nectar-rich plants to encourage butterflies and other pollinators. Think of ways of bringing in materials that would otherwise require venturing further afield, such as piles of autumn leaves, a load of straw or bark chips. Plants, especially flowers, are great for triggering memories and this makes them ideal for reminiscence. This is particularly relevant for older people and those living with dementia and memory loss. If possible, involve people in collecting memories and stories to determine what should be planted. Make collages of pictures of flowers and plants. In a garden it can be as simple as including some containers of annual flowers that are old favorites such as marigolds, forget-me-nots, pansies, snapdragons. Or let grass grow longer between cuts so the daisies can flower, have a tub or two for planting a favorite vegetable (e.g. potatoes, runner beans) or grow some fresh mint for making tea. The design can also include features intended to bring back memories, with an old garden shed with tools, a border of old-fashioned scented pinks, or old clay pots. If people are going to enjoy the garden they will need to be able to get to and around it. Think about details including path widths, surfaces and gradients as well as access to toilets and opportunities to sit and rest. Consider access in terms of reaching features within the garden—height and proximity of plantings, water and sculptures—so everyone can explore up close. This is important for everyone, including people with sensory impairments and those who use wheelchairs. Sensory design calls for extra effort to make sure different experiences are in reach. For example, trees may be deliberately planted near to a path so the bark can be felt. When designing for people with specific disabilities, think about whom else might share the space, especially friends and caregivers. If they enjoy the garden they are more likely to encourage others to use it. Comfort is important and often overlooked. Seating is one of the most important and most neglected features in landscape design. Seats make a space more accessible to people who tire easily, and more enjoyable generally by giving people more chance to pause. Creating a sensory garden is a project that a home owner and personal care assistant can embrace and work together to make a wonderful opportunity for many to enjoy. If creating your own is not possibility, enjoy other gardens throughout the state. Visit here to find a listing of gardens to explore. Jeni Mundl, lead assistive technology specialist, works at Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute Assistive Technology. Contact her at AT@couragecenter.org Leave a comment Send a Comment Your email address will not be published.
Solutions by » Fraction simplifier Reduce 157/2520 to lowest terms 157/2520 is already in the simplest form. It can be written as 0.062302 in decimal form (rounded to 6 decimal places). Steps to simplifying fractions GCD of 157 and 2520 is 1 2. Divide both the numerator and denominator by the GCD 157 ÷ 1/2520 ÷ 1 3. Reduced fraction: 157/2520 Therefore, 157/2520 simplified to lowest terms is 157/2520. MathStep (Works offline) Android and iPhone/ iPad Equivalent fractions: More fractions:
Protect pollinator species in their natural habitats Dear Editor, There has been a global alarm due to numerous reports and studies highlighting the receding number of natural insect pollinators as this can greatly impact our agriculture and apiculture industry as well as the forests due to their intricate role in natural cross pollination. But it is also important to note that in addition to bees, several species native (indigenous) bee species, moths and butterflies, pollination friendly species of beetles and flies, pollinator birds like different species of humming birds and other small passerine species contributing to cross pollination; as well as different bat species helping in nocturnal pollination are seriously endangered and pushed towards extinction due to various detrimental anthropogenic factors like pollution, over application of agro-chemicals, change in land use patterns, lack of foraging plant species and rapid degradation of their natural habitats. As latest research is finding out that several species of snails and slugs (mollusks), reptiles and amphibians are also involved in cross pollination of several endangered plants in exotic and remote tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems; they are also unfortunately being threatened with extinction due to encroachments by humans into their sensitive and highly fragile ecological habitats sensitive to any kind of anthropogenic disturbances. It is sad that humanity is failing to be truly humanitarian in saving several highly valuable pollinator species across the green planet and jeopardizing both our ecological as well as economical future. Long term comprehensive conservative measures are hence needs to protect all these pollinator species in their natural habitats. Connecting ecology and economy together with food security is therefore important for the long term sustainability of our planet. Saikat Kumar Basu,

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