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of rib cage |
and the diaphragm relaxes and assumes its dome shape. These changes |
during |
increase the pressure on the lungs; their elastic tissue contracts and squeezes |
inhalation, |
exhalation the air out through the nose to the external atmosphere. This is expiration |
(exhalation). |
30 X Class Respiration - The energy releasing system |
Do you know? |
Our lungs are spongy in nature. They are not of the same size. The lung towards left |
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is slightly smaller making space for your heart! Lungs are protected by two membranes |
called pleura. A fluid filled between these membranes protects the lungs from injury |
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and also aid in the expansion of the spongy and elastic lung muscle, as they slide one |
over the other. |
You must have noticed that your own breathing is slow and shallow |
when you are at rest. It is deeper and faster when you exercise hard. Indeed, |
patterns of breathing show a great range, for they are coordinated with |
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moment-by-moment needs of the body for supply of oxygen and removal |
of carbon dioxide. |
What other situations affect your breathing? |
It has been found that all movements of breathing stop at once when |
the nerves leading from the brain to the respiratory muscles are cut. |
LA |
What can be concluded from this? |
What happens during the process of breathing? |
Which gas needs to be removed from our body during exhalation? |
Where does the extra amount of gas come from? |
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What is the composition of inhaled air? |
When exhaled air is compared with inhaled air, is there any differ- |
ence in composition? |
Gaseous Exchange (alveoli to capillaries) |
Gaseous exchange takes place within the lungs by diffusion from the |
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alveoli to blood capillaries and vice versa. The carbondioxide in the blood |
is exchanged for oxygen in the alveoli. These tiny air sacs in the lungs are |
ER |
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numerous and only one cell thick. They are surrounded by capillaries that |
are also only one cell thick. Blood, dark |
red in colour flows from the heart |
bronchiole |
through these capillaries and collects |
oxygen from the alveoli. At the same Alveolar cavity |
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carbondioxide |
time, carbondioxide passes out of the |
capillaries and into the alveoli. When oxygen red blood corpuscles |
blood capillary |
we breathe out, we get rid of this |
carbondioxide. The bright red, oxygen- |
rich blood is returned to the heart and |
fig-8: Diagram of Alveolus with pulmonary |
pumped out to all parts of the body. |
capillary |
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Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 31 |
As a result of gaseous exchange, the composition of inhaled and |
exhaled air is different. See the table given below. Approximate values are |
given in the table |
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Gas % in inhaled air % in exhaled air |
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AN |
Oxygen 21 16 |
Carbondioxide 0.03 4.4 |
Nitrogen 78 78 |
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