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channeled by a flap like valve, the epiglottis that protects the tube to the |
lungs, arresting entry of food. Observe the following figures and discuss |
in your class how epiglottis works while breathing or swallowing |
This valve is partly closed when we swallow food; it deflects food |
down to the stomach and keeps it out of the trachea or wind pipe which is |
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the route to the lungs. The epiglottis opens more widely when we take a |
breath, and air enters the lungs. Nervous regulation is important in guiding |
the function of epiglottis and passage of food and air. Let us try to do an |
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activity to feel what happens when we swallow food. |
Why are we advised not to talk while eating food ? |
Activity-1 |
Activity |
Keep your palm around an inch away from your nose, feel you are |
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breathing out, do not remove it until you have finished the activity. Breathe |
steadily for 1-2 minutes. Now take a piece of any fruit, chew and before |
swallowing it keep the fingers of the other palm on your throat, now swallow |
it. |
What did you notice? What happens to your breath as you try to |
swallow? |
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Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 29 |
What is helping you to swallow without deflecting it to the wind pipe? |
Mechanism of respiration in human beings |
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rib bones We know that breathing is the |
process of inhaling and exhaling. The |
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chest wall organs involved are mainly the lungs. |
muscles You can’t see your lungs, but it’s easy |
to feel them in action. Put your hands |
on your chest and breathe in very |
lung deeply. You will feel your chest getting |
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slightly bigger. Now breathe out the air, |
and feel your chest return to its regular |
diaphragm abdomenal cavity size. You’ve just felt the power of your |
lungs! The lungs themselves can neither |
draw in air nor push it out. Instead, the |
fig-6: Diagram showing lungs and diaphragm chest wall muscles and another flexible |
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flattened muscle called diaphragm helps the lungs in moving air into and |
out of them. See how the diaphragm works in the figure. |
What is the role of diaphragm and ribs in respiration? Are both |
active in men and women? |
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The chest wall is made up of ribs, muscles, and the skin. The ribs are |
attached at an angle to the spine (if you run your finger along one of your |
ribs, you will notice that it extends downward from the spine). When we |
inhale, the chest wall moves up and expands. This causes an increase in the |
volume of the chest cavity. |
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The diaphragm may be imagined as the ‘floor’ if you think of the chest |
cavity as a “room.” When the diaphragm is relaxed when we breath out, it |
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is in the shape of a dome with the convex side of the dome extending into |
the chest cavity. When the diaphragm contracts during inhalation it flattens |
out a bit or the dome moves downward. As a result, the volume of the |
chest cavity is increased. |
When the diaphragm flattens and the volume of the chest cavity is |
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increased, its internal pressure decreases and the air from the outside rushes |
into the lungs. This is inspiration (inhalation). |
fig-7: Movement Then the reverse occurs. The chest wall is lowered and moves inward, |
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