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518965 | A human in vitro model system for investigating genome-wide host responses to SARS coronavirus infection | Background The molecular basis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) induced pathology is still largely unclear. Many SARS patients suffer respiratory distress brought on by interstitial infiltration and frequently show peripheral blood lymphopenia and occasional leucopenia. One possible cause o... | Background The causative agent for SARS has been identified as a novel coronavirus [ 1 - 3 ] with genome sequence revealing no strong homology to existing known coronaviruses [ 4 - 6 ]. Coronaviruses belong to the family of enveloped viruses called Coronaviridae , and have the largest known single-stranded viral RNA ge... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC518965.xml |
314479 | Evolution of Primate Sense of Smell and Full Trichromatic Color Vision | null | Conventional wisdom says that people deficient in one sense—such as vision or hearing—often acquire heightened acuity in another. And some studies support this notion by showing that areas of the brain known to control vision can respond to other forms of sensory stimuli in persons without sight. These adjustments, of ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314479.xml |
555736 | A configuration space of homologous proteins conserving mutual information and allowing a phylogeny inference based on pair-wise Z-score probabilities | Background Popular methods to reconstruct molecular phylogenies are based on multiple sequence alignments, in which addition or removal of data may change the resulting tree topology. We have sought a representation of homologous proteins that would conserve the information of pair-wise sequence alignments, respect pro... | Background Past events that gave birth to biological entities can be tentatively reconstructed based on collections of descriptors traced in ancient or present-day creatures. Using genomic sequences, an estimate of the relative time separating branching events, previously supported by geological records, could be forma... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555736.xml |
516784 | Exploratory disease mapping: kriging the spatial risk function from regional count data | Background There is considerable interest in the literature on disease mapping to interpolate estimates of disease occurrence or risk of disease from a regional database onto a continuous surface. In addition to many interpolation techniques available the geostatistical method of kriging has been used but also criticis... | Background As with the analysis of any set of data, it is always good practice to begin by producing and inspecting graphs. A feel for the data can then be obtained and any outstanding features identified. In spatial epidemiology this is called disease mapping. Bithel [ 7 ], Diggle [ 14 ] and Lawson [ 25 ] provide rece... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516784.xml |
503389 | Stimulation of MMP-11 (stromelysin-3) expression in mouse fibroblasts by cytokines, collagen and co-culture with human breast cancer cell lines | Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are central to degradation of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane during both normal and carcinogenic tissue remodeling. MT1-MMP (MMP-14) and stromelysin-3 (MMP-11) are two members of the MMP family of proteolytic enzymes that have been specifically implicated in b... | Background Integral to both normal and pathological tissue remodeling, the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of proteolytic enzymes collectively degrades laminin, collagen, gelatin, and other protein components of the extracellular matrix [ 1 , 2 ]. MMP expression allows degradation of the basement membrane, an eve... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC503389.xml |
548149 | Comparison of nested case-control and survival analysis methodologies for analysis of time-dependent exposure | Background Epidemiological studies of exposures that vary with time require an additional level of methodological complexity to account for the time-dependence of exposure. This study compares a nested case-control approach for the study of time-dependent exposure with cohort analysis using Cox regression including tim... | Background The nested case-control design employs a case-control approach within an established cohort [ 1 , 2 ] to obtain estimates from a sample of the cohort that are similar to estimates obtained from analysis of the entire cohort [ 3 , 4 ]. The nested case-control design is being increasingly used in large cohorts... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548149.xml |
516035 | The impact of surgery and mild hyperthermia on tumor response and angioneogenesis of malignant melanoma in a rat perfusion model | Background The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effect of mild hyperthermia on tumor response and angioneogenesis in an isolated limb perfusion model with a human melanoma xenograft. Methods A human melanoma xenograft was implanted into the hindlimbs of 30 athymic nude rats. The animals were randomiz... | Background Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion is an established treatment for multiple, locoregional intransit metastases of malignant melanoma and soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. It was introduced 1957 by Creech and Krementz [ 1 ]. The procedure allows a high locoregional concentration of cytostatics with f... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516035.xml |
518959 | Artificial neural network approach for selection of susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms and construction of prediction model on childhood allergic asthma | Background Screening of various gene markers such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and correlation between these markers and development of multifactorial disease have previously been studied. Here, we propose a susceptible marker-selectable artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting development of allergic ... | Background In recent years, the number of patients suffering from allergic asthma has increased [ 1 ], and allergic diseases including asthma have become a social problem affecting medical costs and quality of life. Allergic asthma is a complex disorder characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsivenes... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC518959.xml |
546038 | The Genomes of Oryza sativa: A History of Duplications | We report improved whole-genome shotgun sequences for the genomes of indica and japonica rice, both with multimegabase contiguity, or almost 1,000-fold improvement over the drafts of 2002. Tested against a nonredundant collection of 19,079 full-length cDNAs, 97.7% of the genes are aligned, without fragmentation, to the... | Introduction The importance of the rice genome is reflected in the fact that rice was the first crop plant to have its genome sequenced; astonishingly, it was sequenced by four independent research teams at Beijing Institute of Genomics [ 1 ], Syngenta [ 2 ], International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP) [ 3 , 4... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546038.xml |
549531 | Plasma antibodies against heat shock protein 70 correlate with the incidence and severity of asthma in a Chinese population | Background The heat shock proteins (Hsps) are induced by stresses such as allergic factors and inflammatory responses in bronchi epithelial cells and therefore may be detectable in patients with asthma. However, the etiologic link between anti-Hsps and asthma (its severity and related inflammatory responses such as int... | Background Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved proteins inducible in response to a wide variety of stresses (such as exposure to heat) and pathological (viral, bacterial or parasitic infections, and inflammation) or physiological (growth factors, cell differentiation, and hormonal stimulation) stimuli [ 1 ,... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549531.xml |
340941 | Lefty Blocks a Subset of TGFβ Signals by Antagonizing EGF-CFC Coreceptors | Members of the EGF-CFC family play essential roles in embryonic development and have been implicated in tumorigenesis. The TGFβ signals Nodal and Vg1/GDF1, but not Activin, require EGF-CFC coreceptors to activate Activin receptors. We report that the TGFβ signaling antagonist Lefty also acts through an EGF-CFC-dependen... | Introduction The analysis of whole-genome sequences has revealed that most signaling systems consist of multiple ligands that converge on a relatively small set of receptors and pathway-specific transcription factors. In the case of human transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling, 42 TGFβs converge on seven type I ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC340941.xml |
535808 | Extractor for ESI quadrupole TOF tandem MS data enabled for high throughput batch processing | Background Mass spectrometry based proteomics result in huge amounts of data that has to be processed in real time in order to efficiently feed identification algorithms and to easily integrate in automated environments. We present wiff2dta, a tool created to convert MS/MS data obtained using Applied Biosystem's QStar ... | Background In tandem mass spectrometry proteins are identified by matching the measured fragment ion spectra derived from peptides with theoretical spectra calculated from known DNA or protein sequences, for example the NCBI sequence database [ 1 ]. Algorithms used for this purpose usually have their own input formats ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535808.xml |
553970 | Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after amoxycillin-induced anaphylactic shock in a young adult with normal coronary arteries: a case report | Background Acute myocardial infarction (MI) following anaphylaxis is rare, especially in subjects with normal coronary arteries. The exact pathogenetic mechanism of MI in anaphylaxis remains unclear. Case presentation The case of a 32-year-old asthmatic male with systemic anaphylaxis, due to oral intake of 500 mg amoxy... | Background Acute myocardial infarction (MI) complicating anaphylaxis induced by drugs or other chemicals is uncommon and only sporadic cases have been reported [ 1 - 9 ]. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The case of a 32-year-old man with normal coronary arteries, who developed acu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553970.xml |
549519 | Age dependent association of endometrial polyps with increased risk of cancer involvement | Background Endometrial polyps (EMPs) are commonly encountered in routine surgical pathology practice, but opinions differ on whether they are intrinsically a marker for concurrent or subsequent malignancy. The objectives of the present study are 1) to investigate the age-group in which EMP are most commonly encountered... | Background Endometrial polyps (EMPs) are generally considered benign proliferative lesions and are commonly encountered in routine surgical pathology practice. The usual histological pattern of endometrial polyps is characterized by irregular proliferative glands, with a fibrotic stroma containing thick-walled blood ve... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549519.xml |
516021 | Human cytokine-induced killer cells have enhanced in vitro cytolytic activity via non-viral interleukin-2 gene transfer | Modulation of the immune system by genetically modified immunological effector cells is of potential therapeutic value in the treatment of malignancies. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a crucial cytokine which induces potent antitumor response. Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) have been described as highly efficient cytotox... | Introduction Advances in the characterization of cytokines and tumor antigens, coupled with our increasing ability to manipulate gene expression, have fostered a new era of tumor immunotherapy [ 1 ]. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) affects a variety of components of the cellular immune system, including B cells and macrophages by... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516021.xml |
554979 | CXCR3/CXCL10 interactions in the development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis | Background Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by repeated inhalations of finely dispersed organic particles or low molecular weight chemicals. The disease is characterized by an alveolitis sustained by CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, granuloma formation, and, whenever antigenic exp... | Background Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) caused by the inhalation of and sensitization to a variety of environmental organic antigens. The immune mediated nature of the disorder is testified to by the characteristic sequel of events taking place in the lung after antigenic inha... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554979.xml |
549082 | Review of "Therapy, Sensory Integration and the Autistic Child" by DS. Berger | null | Innumerable animal species produce noises of different kind and many of them sound musical to us – human beings – eliciting a variety of emotional feelings, as the frogs' chants in a rainy night, or the wild birds' songs in a sunny morning perhaps mixed with our finch's joyful trills from its small cage, or the deep th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549082.xml |
524520 | The connection domain in reverse transcriptase facilitates the in vivo annealing of tRNALys3 to HIV-1 genomic RNA | The primer tRNA for reverse transcription in HIV-1, tRNA Lys3 , is selectively packaged into the virus during its assembly, and annealed to the viral genomic RNA. The ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in the packaging and annealing of tRNA Lys into HIV-1 consists of Gag, GagPol, tRNA Lys , lysyl-tRNA synthetas... | Background During assembly of HIV-1, the major tRNA Lys isoacceptors in mammalian cells, tRNA Lys1,2 and tRNA Lys3 , are selectively incorporated into the virus [ 1 ]. tRNA Lys3 is the primer for initiating minus-strand cDNA synthesis, and its annealing to the 18 nucleotide primer binding site (PBS) region in the 5' pa... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524520.xml |
549525 | In vitro and in vivo evaluation of NCX 4040 cytotoxic activity in human colon cancer cell lines | Background Nitric oxide-releasing nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs) are reported to be safer than NSAIDs because of their lower gastric toxicity. We compared the effect of a novel NO-releasing derivate, NCX 4040, with that of aspirin and its denitrated analog, NCX 4042, in in vitro and in vivo human colon... | Background One of the most important approaches for reducing cancer incidence is chemoprevention. This is especially relevant for colon cancer, which represents the third leading cause of cancer mortality in developing countries and for which diagnostic tests and clinical treatments are not satisfactory [ 1 ]. Recently... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549525.xml |
449900 | Nanotubes Make Big Science | Tiny protrusions on the surface of cells might be a more common mechanism for cell communication than previously expected | During development, cells need to communicate with each other to establish properly organised and functional tissues. Cells communicate with each other in various ways, such as by secreting and receiving diffusible molecules (morphogens, hormones, and neurotransmitters) or by establishing intercellular connections (gap... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC449900.xml |
547911 | Enterococcal meningitis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus. First case report | Background Enterococcal meningitis is an uncommon disease usually caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium and is associated with a high mortality rate. Enterococcus casseliflavus has been implicated in a wide variety of infections in humans, but never in meningitis. Case presentation A 77-year-old Ital... | Background Enterococcal meningitis is an uncommon disease accounting for only 0.3% to 4% of cases of bacterial meningitis which is nevertheless associated with a high mortality rate. It has been described most frequently in patients with neurosurgical conditions (i.e. head trauma, shunt devices, or cerebrospinal fluid ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC547911.xml |
509317 | Retrovirus Integration into the Human Genome | null | When gene therapy was introduced nearly fifteen years ago, it was widely hailed as a panacea. Since many diseases have a genetic component, the hope was that gene therapy could replace compromised genes with healthy versions to treat everything from inherited disorders like cystic fibrosis to cancer and HIV. That great... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509317.xml |
546400 | Epidemiology of neural tube defects and folic acid | This review article combines four disparate observations about Neural Tube Defects (NTDs). They are the worldwide decline in the birth incidence that began prior to prenatal diagnosis; family recurrence risks; the effect of prenatal diagnosis and termination of affected pregnancies; and the effect of folic acid. | Discussion Variations in birth incidence NTDs are due to many different causes [ 1 ]. The incidence varies and some etiologies are more common at different prenatal ages and birth [ 2 - 5 ]. Epidemiological data from the period before in-utero diagnosis and termination of affected pregnancies established two trends. Th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546400.xml |
520746 | Integrated analysis of metabolic phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Background The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important microorganism for both industrial processes and scientific research. Consequently, there have been extensive efforts to characterize its cellular processes. In order to fully understand the relationship between yeast's genome and its physiology, the stockpil... | Background The development of numerous high-throughput experimental techniques such as DNA microarrays, genome sequencing, and protein chips has revolutionized the analysis of biological systems and generated a catalog of information about a cell's components [ 1 - 3 ]. Efforts are now focused on the integration of thi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520746.xml |
524252 | The Risk of a Mosquito-Borne Infectionin a Heterogeneous Environment | A common assumption about malaria, dengue, and other mosquito-borne infections is that the two main components of the risk of human infection—the rate at which people are bitten (human biting rate) and the proportion of mosquitoes that are infectious—are positively correlated. In fact, these two risk factors are genera... | Introduction Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of risk for mosquito-borne infections is an important step in planning and implementing effective infection control measures ( Greenwood 1989 ; Charlwood et al. 1998 ; Chadee and Kitron 1999 ; Focks et al. 1999 ; Mendis et al. 2000 ; Carter 2002 ; Killeen et al... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524252.xml |
546399 | Lifestyle in adults aged 35 years who were born with open spina bifida: prospective cohort study | Background and Methods From 1963 to 1971, 117 babies with open spina bifida were treated non-selectively from birth. In 2002 we reviewed all the survivors by postal questionnaire and telephone call. The aims were to find out how many were living independently in the community or were in open employment or drove a car. ... | Background Neurosurgical intervention in babies with open spina bifida had dramatic results in terms of survival. However, the disability and the complications of the survivors were often severe [ 1 - 5 ]. Many efforts were made to enable them to walk, to control their urinary incontinence while safeguarding renal func... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546399.xml |
547905 | Common variants of the beta and gamma subunits of the epithelial sodium channel and their relation to plasma renin and aldosterone levels in essential hypertension | Background Rare mutations of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) result in the monogenic hypertension form of Liddle's syndrome. We decided to screen for common variants in the ENaC βand γ subunits in patients with essential hypertension and to relate their occurrence to the activity of circulating renin-angiotensin-a... | Background Epidemiological studies have shown a significant correlation of blood pressure levels in close relatives and higher concordance values for occurrence of hypertension in monozygotic vs. dizygotic twins, and thus support the idea that genetic factors influence susceptibility to essential hypertension [ 1 ]. Wh... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC547905.xml |
520752 | Multi-line split DNA synthesis: a novel combinatorial method to make high quality peptide libraries | Background We developed a method to make a various high quality random peptide libraries for evolutionary protein engineering based on a combinatorial DNA synthesis. Results A split synthesis in codon units was performed with mixtures of bases optimally designed by using a Genetic Algorithm program. It required only st... | Background The combinatorial synthesis method has been demonstrating its effectiveness in discovering novel functional molecules. Examples of this method in the field of evolutionary protein engineering are selections of a novel functional peptide from a random library on solid support [ 1 ], phage display [ 2 ] or in ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520752.xml |
553964 | GANN: Genetic algorithm neural networks for the detection of conserved combinations of features in DNA | Background The multitude of motif detection algorithms developed to date have largely focused on the detection of patterns in primary sequence. Since sequence-dependent DNA structure and flexibility may also play a role in protein-DNA interactions, the simultaneous exploration of sequence- and structure-based hypothese... | Background The minimal requirement for transcriptional activation is recruitment of an RNA polymerase complex to a promoter sequence of DNA upstream of an open reading frame (ORF). Most genes are also potentially under the control of DNA-binding regulatory proteins or transcription factors that can activate or silence ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553964.xml |
534096 | Conservative treatment in patients with an acute lumbosacral radicular syndrome: design of a randomised clinical trial [ISRCTN68857256] | Background The objective is to present the design of randomised clinical trial (RCT) on the effectiveness of physical therapy added to general practitioners management compared to general practitioners management only in patients with an acute lumbosacral radicular syndrome (also called sciatica). Methods/Design Patien... | Background Why a design article? Publishing the design of the trial has several advantages. It may prevent publication bias [ 1 ]. A study producing positive results seems more likely to be published than a study that reports no or negative results [ 2 , 3 ]. Also, the study can be included in systematic reviews becaus... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534096.xml |
516237 | Regulatory role of E-NTPase/E-NTPDase in Ca2+/Mg2+ transport via gated channel | Background E-NTPase/E-NTPDase is activated by millimolar concentrations of Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ with a pH optimum of 7.5 for the hydrolysis of extracellular NTP and NDP. It has been generally accepted that E-NTPase/E-NTPDase plays regulatory role in purinergic signalling, but other functions may yet be discovered. Results In... | Background The mechanism by which [Ca 2+ ] i is increased in excitable cells differs from that obtaining in non-excitable cells. Excitable cells exhibit an action potential, a substantial general depolarization of the plasma membrane, in response to depolarizing stimuli; influx of Ca 2+ occurs via plasma membrane Ca 2+... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516237.xml |
524508 | Lack of association between vascular dementia and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: a case-control study | Background Chronic inflammation appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. Given the association between Chlamydia pneumoniae and stroke, the possibility exists that previous exposure to C. pneumoniae may play a role in vascular dementia. The objective of this study was to determine if there was a... | Background Vascular dementia is characterized by a loss of cognitive function and social adaptive functions in individuals with cerebrovascular disease [ 1 , 2 ]. Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia and accounts for 10% to 15% of all cases [ 3 ]. The clinical presentation of this illness is va... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524508.xml |
532395 | Norovirus Cultured for the First Time | null | Norwalk virus and related noroviruses cause a short but unpleasant illness known variously as stomach flu, viral gastroenteritis, and winter-vomiting disease. They are the major causative agent of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Norwalk virus was first described in 1968 when teachers and pupils at a school in Norwa... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC532395.xml |
554762 | A cluster of genes located in 1p36 are down-regulated in neuroblastomas with poor prognosis, but not due to CpG island methylation | Background A common feature of neuroblastoma tumours are partial deletions of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p-deletions). This is indicative of a neuroblastoma tumour suppressor gene being located in the region. Several groups including our have been studying candidate neuroblastoma genes in the region, but no gene/g... | Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common paediatric solid tumour, responsible for 15% of cancer deaths of childhood. It is a tumour of the postganglionic sympathetic nervous system that develops from immature or dedifferentiated neural crest-derived cells [ 1 ]. The distal part of chromosome 1p shows loss of he... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554762.xml |
509303 | Mouse Models of Human Autoimmune Diseases: Essential Tools That Require the Proper Controls | What can we learn about human autoimmune disorders that have a genetic component -- such as systemic lupus erythematosus -- from mouse models? | Autoimmune diseases afflict a large segment of the population in Western countries. Many of them have been described, and rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes (also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are among the most common. Although tremendous pro... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509303.xml |
544565 | Organisms isolated from adults with Cystic Fibrosis | Background Patients with cystic fibrosis [CF] have frequent pulmonary exacerbations associated with the isolation of bacterial organisms from sputum samples. It is not clear however, if there are differences in the types of additional organisms isolated from patients who are infected with Burkholderia cepacia complex [... | Introduction Patients with CF experience frequent exacerbations of their symptoms; contributing factors include infections which may be bacterial or viral in nature [ 1 - 3 ]. Exacerbations which are associated with the identification of an infecting organism are associated with a more rapid decline in lung function, a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544565.xml |
543578 | Effects of thyroxine and 1-methyl, 2-mercaptoimidazol on phosphoinositides synthesis in rat liver | Background Phosphoinositides mediate one of the intracellular signal transduction pathways and produce a class of second messengers that are involved in the action of hormones and neurotransmitters on target cells. Thyroid hormones are well known regulators of lipid metabolism and modulators of signal transduction in c... | Background The phosphoinositides is a family of lipids which members play an essential role in the receptor-mediated intracellular signaling cascades, vesicle trafficking and cytoskeletal rearrangements [for review see [ 1 , 2 ]] and, therefore, are crucial for the adaptation and survival of cells. Because of their imp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543578.xml |
552307 | Little evidence for an epidemic of myopia in Australian primary school children over the last 30 years | Background Recently reported prevalences of myopia in primary school children vary greatly in different regions of the world. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors in an unselected urban population of young primary school children in eastern Sydney, Australia, between 1998 and 2004, for compa... | Background The prevalence of myopia is currently receiving worldwide attention as many recent studies report dramatic increases over the last 20 years [ 1 , 2 ]. Myopia and its aetiology is an interesting example of the intertwining of 'nature and nurture' with both genetics and life-style environment as important issu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552307.xml |
544571 | Can gene expression profiling predict survival for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung? | Background Lung cancer remains to be the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Patients with similar lung cancer may experience quite different clinical outcomes. Reliable molecular prognostic markers are needed to characterize the disparity. In order to identify the genes responsible for the aggressiveness of squam... | Background Lung cancer remains to be the leading cause of cancer death in many European and North American countries [ 1 , 2 ]. It accounts for 13% of all cancer diagnoses but is responsible for nearly 30% cancer deaths in the United States [ 2 ]. Substantial effort has been made to identify prognostic factors that can... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544571.xml |
554776 | Rate variation in parasitic plants: correlated and uncorrelated patterns among plastid genes of different function | Background The analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous rates of DNA change can help in the choice among competing explanations for rate variation, such as differences in constraint, mutation rate, or the strength of genetic drift. Nonphotosynthetic plants of the Orobanchaceae have increased rates of DNA change. In thi... | Background Rates of DNA sequence evolution vary among taxa and among genes, and the causes of this variation are many. In some cases, generation time has been shown to be correlated with rates in plants. For example, annual plants can sometimes have higher rates of DNA evolution than perennials [ 1 ]. In one study, it ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554776.xml |
549041 | Polymorphisms of the XRCC1, XRCC3, & XPD genes, and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in Taiwan | Background Recent studies relating to the association between DNA repair-gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk would, to the best of our knowledge, appear to be very limited. This study was designed to examine the polymorphisms associated with three DNA repair genes, namely: XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XRCC3 Thr241Met and... | Background Humans are routinely exposed to mutagenic and carcinogenic aromatic amines via smoking, well-cooked food and other sources [ 1 ]. These chemicals can form DNA adducts in vivo and thus lead to DNA damage [ 2 ]. The integrity of most of the so-damaged DNAs is typically restored as a consequence of the action o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549041.xml |
554986 | The efficacy of playing a virtual reality game in modulating pain for children with acute burn injuries: A randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN87413556] | Background The management of burn injuries is reported as painful, distressing and a cause of anxiety in children and their parents. Child's and parents' pain and anxiety, often contributes to extended time required for burns management procedures, in particular the process of changing dressings. The traditional method... | Background Pain is a noxious stimulus which can be interpreted in many ways by different individuals but as yet the mechanisms by which the body manages it are not completely understood. Pain has been defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as 'an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience assoc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554986.xml |
549069 | Using ontologies to describe mouse phenotypes | By combining ontologies from different sources the authors developed a novel approach to describing phenotypes of mutant mice in a standard, structured manner. | Background Mutant mice are the premier genetic models for human diseases. An increasing number of laboratories and companies worldwide are now carrying out detailed analyses of mouse phenotypes that have been generated from large-scale mutagenesis of the mouse genome. Description of mouse phenotypes has not traditional... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549069.xml |
522804 | Immunohistochemical investigations and introduction of new therapeutic strategies in scleromyxoedema: Case report | Background Scleromyxoedema is a rare chronic skin disease of obscure origin, which may often be associated with severe internal co-morbidity. Even though different casuistic treatment modalities have been described, to date, curing still seems to be impossible. Case presentation We report a 44-year-old Caucasian female... | Background Lichen myxoedematosus (LM) represents a rare chronic skin disorder of unknown aetiology, which may often be accompanied by severe internal co-morbidity such as haematological involvement including paraproteinaemia, neurologic syndromes, gastrointestinal complications or cardiac abnormalities [ 1 - 4 ]. Clini... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522804.xml |
552313 | Sequential super-stereotypy of an instinctive fixed action pattern in hyper-dopaminergic mutant mice: a model of obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette's | Background Excessive sequential stereotypy of behavioral patterns (sequential super-stereotypy) in Tourette's syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is thought to involve dysfunction in nigrostriatal dopamine systems. In sequential super-stereotypy, patients become trapped in overly rigid sequential patterns ... | Background Overly rigid sequential patterns of movement and thought characterize several human brain disorders involving dysfunction in basal ganglia systems (i.e. dopamine nigrostriatal projections to the neostriatum and related brain structures). For example, pathological repetitions of spoken words in Tourette's syn... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552313.xml |
522810 | Inter-Platform comparability of microarrays in acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy and has been the poster-child for improved therapeutics in cancer, with life time disease-free survival (LTDFS) rates improving from <10% in 1970 to >80% today. There are numerous known genetic prognostic variables in ALL, which inclu... | Background The advent of DNA microarrays has provided the science community with a tool to concurrently examine the expression of thousands of genes within a given cell or tissue type, thus providing a platform for future diagnoses and prognostic analyses of disease with gene-level specificity [ 1 , 2 ]. Microarray tec... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522810.xml |
545647 | Systems for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations I: Critical appraisal of existing approaches The GRADE Working Group | Background A number of approaches have been used to grade levels of evidence and the strength of recommendations. The use of many different approaches detracts from one of the main reasons for having explicit approaches: to concisely characterise and communicate this information so that it can easily be understood and ... | Background In 1979 the Canadian task Force on the Periodic Health Examination published one of the first efforts to explicitly characterise the level of evidence underlying healthcare recommendations and the strength of recommendations [ 1 ]. Since then a number of alternative approaches has been proposed and used to c... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545647.xml |
544559 | Role of the p53/p21 system in the response of human colon carcinoma cells to Doxorubicin | Background Colon adenocarcinomas are refractory to a number of widely used anticancer agents. Multifactorial mechanisms have been implicated in this intrinsically resistant phenotype, including deregulation of cell death pathways. In this regard, the p53 protein has a well established role in the control of tumor cell ... | Background Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in Western countries, with about 1 million new cases every year diagnosed world-wide and 500,000 patients dying from the disease [ 1 ]. Of the patients, 30% have advanced disease at presentation, either locally or at distant sites;... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544559.xml |
554992 | The role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of pain in chronic pancreatitis | Background The biological basis of pain in chronic pancreatitis is poorly understood. Mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pain in other conditions. We hypothesized that mast cells play a role in the pain of chronic pancreatitis. We examined the association of pain with mast cells in autopsy specimens... | Background Although pain is the presenting symptom of most patients with chronic pancreatitis, its neurobiological basis remains poorly understood [ 1 ]. In the past, investigators have focused on the role of anatomical abnormalities such as a strictured pancreatic duct or narrowed intraparenchymal ducts. However, mech... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554992.xml |
522811 | Polyadenylation of ribosomal RNA by Candida albicans also involves the small subunit | Background Candida albicans is a polymorphic fungus causing serious infections in immunocompromised patients. It is capable of shifting from yeast to germinating forms such as hypha and pseudohypha in response to a variety of signals, including mammalian serum. We have previously shown that some of the large 25S compon... | Background Candida species are now among the most important pathogens especially for the immunocompromised host. They are the fourth most common organisms recovered from blood cultures in hospitalized patients [ 1 ]. Candida albicans the most frequently isolated of the species, is a polymorphic organism. It can switch ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522811.xml |
522805 | Topically applied vitamin C increases the density of dermal papillae in aged human skin | Background The influence of ageing on the density of the functional entities of the papillae containing nutritive capillaries, here in terms as the papillary index, and the effect of topically applied vitamin C were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in vivo. Methods The age dependency of the pap... | Background A consistent feature of aged and photoaged skin is the flattening of the epidermal-dermal junction, evidenced in histological sections as a loss of rete ridges and the disappearance of papillary projections. The depth of interdigitation of the retepegs and the dermal papillae decreases with age [ 1 ]. Using ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522805.xml |
546414 | Modulation of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) expression in mouse lung infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Background The intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa entrapped in agar beads in the mouse lung leads to chronic lung infection in susceptible mouse strains. As the infection generates a strong inflammatory response with some lung edema, we tested if it could modulate the expression of genes involved in l... | Background The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is expressed in epithelial cells of several tissues involved in salt and water reabsorption. The channel is composed of three related subunits (α, β, γ) that are able to reconstitute a functional channel when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes [ 1 , 2 ]. ENaC is expresse... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546414.xml |
554987 | The prevalence of dental erosion in Nigerian patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | Background In various people of the Western world, gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) has been reported to be a common problem. Various studies have also assessed the relationship between GOR and dental erosion. The authors are not aware of such studies in Nigerians. It is therefore the aims of the present study to estima... | Background Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is the passage of gastric contents into the oesophagus. Once past the upper oesophageal sphincter, the gastric juice may pass into the oral cavity. The continual exposure of the teeth and other oral structures to gastric refluxate may result in dental erosion and other soft ti... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554987.xml |
544558 | An SVD-based comparison of nine whole eukaryotic genomes supports a coelomate rather than ecdysozoan lineage | Background Eukaryotic whole genome sequences are accumulating at an impressive rate. Effective methods for comparing multiple whole eukaryotic genomes on a large scale are needed. Most attempted solutions involve the production of large scale alignments, and many of these require a high stringency pre-screen for putati... | Background Several methods have been developed for the detailed global comparison of multiple whole genomes and the production of global phylogenies. Most of these methods require the prior identification and selection of a reasonably small subset of putative orthologs within which individual homologous sites are ident... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544558.xml |
549068 | The Mammalian Phenotype Ontology as a tool for annotating, analyzing and comparing phenotypic information | The Mammalian Phenotype (MP) Ontology enables robust annotation of mammalian phenotypes in the context of mutations, quantitative trait loci and strains that are used as models of human biology and disease. | Background Mammalian phenotypes are complex and the term itself is imprecise. Generally, we use the word phenotype in referring to the appearance or manifestation of a set of traits in an individual that result from the combined action and interaction of genotype and environment. Because mouse is the premier model orga... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549068.xml |
549040 | T lymphocytes among HIV-infected and -uninfected infants: CD4/CD8 ratio as a potential tool in diagnosis of infection in infants under the age of 2 years | Background Serologic tests for HIV infection in infants less than 18 months do not differentiate exposure and infection since maternally acquired IgG antibodies may be detected in infants. Thus, the gold standard for diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants under the age of 2 years is DNA or reverse transcriptase polyme... | Background Endemic HIV infection, in sub-Saharan Africa, where in many countries more than 20% of pregnant women are HIV seropositive leads to a diagnostic problem in the evaluation of their infants. Without intervention, more than 25% of infants born to seropositive women will acquire HIV infection in the first year o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549040.xml |
544564 | A randomized trial of washed red blood cell and platelet transfusions in adult acute leukemia [ISRCTN76536440] | Background Platelet transfusion is universally employed in acute leukemia. Platelet concentrate supernatants contain high concentrations of biologic mediators that might impair immunity. We investigated whether washed platelet and red cell transfusions could improve clinical outcomes in adult patients with acute leukem... | Background In recent years, data have accumulated that platelet transfusion refractoriness and transfusion reactions in patients with hematologic malignancies can be reduced by use of leukoreduced [ 1 - 3 ] and/or ABO identical [ 4 , 5 ] platelet transfusions. Preliminary data also suggest that use of ABO identical [ 6... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544564.xml |
545646 | Screening large-scale association study data: exploiting interactions using random forests | Background Genome-wide association studies for complex diseases will produce genotypes on hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A logical first approach to dealing with massive numbers of SNPs is to use some test to screen the SNPs, retaining only those that meet some criterion for futher stu... | Background Genome-wide association studies for complex diseases such as asthma, schizophrenia, diabetes, and hypertension will soon produce genotypes on hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Due to the large number of SNPs tested and the potential for both genetic and environmental interactio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545646.xml |
532394 | Computer Simulation of the Movement of Listeria Bacteria | null | Each of the cells in our body is a complex machine. Within each cell, thousands of proteins and other molecules interact to produce the highly organized cellular events that are needed for life. However, there is no cellular line manager telling the individual proteins where to go and what to do. It's rather like an an... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC532394.xml |
552306 | Tai Chi and vestibular rehabilitation improve vestibulopathic gait via different neuromuscular mechanisms: Preliminary report | Background Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) is a well-accepted exercise program intended to remedy balance impairment caused by damage to the peripheral vestibular system. Alternative therapies, such as Tai Chi (TC), have recently gained popularity as a treatment for balance impairment. Although VR and TC can benefit peo... | Background Vestibulopathy decreases whole body dynamic postural control and causes functional limitations [ 1 - 4 ]. Limitations in ambulation, dynamic balance and trunk control, for example, can lead to disability and contribute to decreased quality of life [ 5 ]. Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) is a well-accepted exer... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552306.xml |
554993 | Association between a variation in the phosphodiesterase 4D gene and bone mineral density | Background Fragility fractures caused by osteoporosis are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in aging populations. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a useful surrogate marker for risk of fracture and is a highly heritable trait. The genetic variants underlying this genetic contribution are largely unknown. Methods We... | Background The postmenopausal loss of bone mass and subsequent increased risk of low-energy (fragility) fractures is an important public health problem, especially in countries with a high proportion of elderly individuals. More than 1 million fragility fractures, primarily in postmenopausal women, occur each year in t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554993.xml |
509302 | The Telomeric Protein TRF2 Binds the ATM Kinase and Can Inhibit the ATM-Dependent DNA Damage Response | The telomeric protein TRF2 is required to prevent mammalian telomeres from activating DNA damage checkpoints. Here we show that overexpression of TRF2 affects the response of the ATM kinase to DNA damage. Overexpression of TRF2 abrogated the cell cycle arrest after ionizing radiation and diminished several other readou... | Introduction Telomeres prevent the recognition of natural chromosome ends as double-stranded breaks (DSBs). When telomeres become dysfunctional due to shortening or loss of protective factors, chromosome ends activate a DNA damage response mediated (in part) by the ATM kinase ( Karlseder et al. 1999 ; Takai et al. 2003... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509302.xml |
509316 | Innate Immunity in Fruit Flies: A Textbook Example of Genomic Recycling | Drosophila serve as a wonderful model for studying aspects of innate immunity, i.e. the physical, cellular, and molecular features that provide the first lines of defense against infections in flies and man | Organisms of vastly differing morphologies, ecologies, and behaviors—such as fruit flies and humans—are now known to share a multitude of molecular, cellular, and developmental processes. Not only is there extensive similarity in the sequences of fly and human genes, but in addition, almost all of the proteins and majo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509316.xml |
546415 | In vitro activity of vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and linezolid against intact and disrupted biofilms of staphylococci | Shed cells or disrupted parts of the biofilm may enter the circulation causing serious and very hard to treat biofilm-associated infections. The activity of antimicrobial agents against the shed cells/disrupted biofilms is largely unknown. Methods We studied the in vitro susceptibility of intact and disrupted biofilms ... | Introduction Gram-positive infections have become a serious problem, especially in the nosocomialsetting, and treatment of these infections is complicated by the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens [ 1 ]. Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are among the most frequent causes... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546415.xml |
554777 | Out of Tanganyika: Genesis, explosive speciation, key-innovations and phylogeography of the haplochromine cichlid fishes | Background The adaptive radiations of cichlid fishes in East Africa are well known for their spectacular diversity and their astonishingly fast rates of speciation. About 80% of all 2,500 cichlid species in East Africa, and virtually all cichlid species from Lakes Victoria (~500 species) and Malawi (~1,000 species) are... | Background "At some stage in the past the waterways of Africa were, from the fishes' point of view, accessibly interconnected." P. H. Greenwood (1983) With estimated numbers of about 1,000 and 500 species respectively the assemblages of cichlid fishes of East African lakes Malawi (LM) and Victoria (LV) are, by far, the... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554777.xml |
544570 | Regulation of cell cycle by the anaphase spindle midzone | Background A number of proteins accumulate in the spindle midzone and midbody of dividing animal cells. Besides proteins essential for cytokinesis, there are also components essential for interphase functions, suggesting that the spindle midzone and/or midbody may play a role in regulating the following cell cycle. Res... | Background Microtubules undergo striking reorganization during anaphase and telophase. During anaphase, antiparallel, interdigitating microtubules and many associated proteins become organized into discrete bundles in the spindle midzone [ 1 ], the region between separated chromosomes. As the cell enters cytokinesis, t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544570.xml |
543579 | prot4EST: Translating Expressed Sequence Tags from neglected genomes | Background The genomes of an increasing number of species are being investigated through generation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). However, ESTs are prone to sequencing errors and typically define incomplete transcripts, making downstream annotation difficult. Annotation would be greatly improved with robust polype... | Background The need for more sequence Complete genome sequencing is a major investment and is unlikely to be applied to the vast majority of organisms, whatever their importance in terms of evolution, health or ecology. Complete genome sequences are available for only a few eukaryote genomes, most of which are model or... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543579.xml |
449901 | Dances as Windows into Insect Perception | Honeybees signal the location of food sources to their hive- mates using a "dancing" flight pattern. Translating these patterns, scientists learn what bees perceive | Experimental psychologists working with humans have a fundamental advantage over scientists studying the behaviour of other animals. This is because human subjects can give a verbal account of their experience. For example, they can report: ‘These two lights of different colour look equally bright’ or ‘This object look... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC449901.xml |
549083 | Resection of small plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis type 1 children | Background Plexiform neurofibromas (PNF) are benign tumors of the peripheral nerve which mostly develop in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Surgical interventions are usually not applied to children with small tumors. These are rather restricted to debulking of larger tumors in adults that cause clinical c... | Background Plexiform neurofibromas (PNF) are benign tumors originating from nerve sheath cells, subcutaneous, or visceral peripheral nerves and can involve multiple fascicles [ 1 ]. PNF occur almost exclusively in patients with NF1, an autosomal dominant disorder caused by defect of one allele of the tumor suppressor g... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549083.xml |
546401 | A temperament for learning: The limbic system and myelomeningocele | This article was the winner of the triennial Casey Holter Memorial Prize awarded by the Society for Research into Hydrocephalus and Spina Bifida, 2004. Abstract This essay explores the link between the limbic/hypothalamic systems within the complex conditions of hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele. Acknowledging the neu... | Introduction Children with myelomeningocele (MM) do not easily fit into stereotypical profiles. Professionals, families, and inter-disciplinary teams, devoted to the support of these individuals and the reduction of secondary disabilities, see daily testaments to individual variations. Clinical commonalities among thos... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546401.xml |
552312 | Integrating quantitative and qualitative methodologies for the assessment of health care systems: emergency medicine in post-conflict Serbia | Background Due to the complexity of health system reform in the post-conflict, post-disaster, and development settings, attempts to restructure health services are fraught with pitfalls that are often unanticipated because of inadequate preliminary assessments. Our proposed Integrated Multimodal Assessment – combining ... | Background In June 1991, a series of civil wars began as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia dissolved violently into the four independent republics of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the semi-autonomous nations of Serbia and Montenegro. Kosovo remains a pr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552312.xml |
516236 | A steady state analysis indicates that negative feedback regulation of PTP1B by Akt elicits bistability in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation | Background The phenomenon of switch-like response to graded input signal is the theme involved in various signaling pathways in living systems. Positive feedback loops or double negative feedback loops embedded with nonlinearity exhibit these switch-like bistable responses. Such feedback regulations exist in insulin si... | Background In living systems, extracellular information is processed through signal transduction machinery to appropriately regulate cellular function. This information processing machinery is made up of a complex web of enzyme cascades, allosteric interactions and feedback loops. Depending on their regulatory design t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516236.xml |
546398 | Reaching in reality and virtual reality: a comparison of movement kinematics in healthy subjects and in adults with hemiparesis | Background Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative tool for sensorimotor rehabilitation increasingly being employed in clinical and community settings. Despite the growing interest in VR, few studies have determined the validity of movements made in VR environments with respect to real physical environments. The goal of ... | Introduction Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-based, multisensory interactive simulation occurring at the same speed and time as events in the physical world. Different levels of immersion can be achieved ranging from complete 3D (cave, head-mounted display) to partial 2D (computer display, TV screen) with different ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546398.xml |
554763 | Consequences of the historical demography on the global population structure of two highly migratory cosmopolitan marine fishes: the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and the skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) | Background Yellowfin and skipjack tuna are globally distributed in the world's tropical and sub-tropical oceans. Since little, if any, migration of these fishes occurs between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans, one might expect to see genetic differences between sub-populations in these ocean basins. However, yellow... | Background The yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares , has a global distribution in tropical and sub-tropical oceans. Annual catches of yellowfin tuna have averaged 1.2 million metric tons since 1998 with sizes ranging from 5 to 20 kg [ 1 ]. If the average size of a harvested fish is 10 kg, then the harvest of 1.3 million ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554763.xml |
547910 | Toxicity after prolonged (more than four weeks) administration of intravenous colistin | Background The intravenous use of polymyxins has been considered to be associated with considerable nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. For this reason, the systemic administration of polymyxins had been abandoned for about 20 years in most areas of the world. However, the problem of infections due to multidrug-resistant... | Background The worldwide spread of the problem of infections due to Gram-negative bacteria such us Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to most classes of antimicrobial agents has made the medical community to rethink of colistin, an old, basically abandoned for the last two decades antibiotic. ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC547910.xml |
524509 | Low dose pramipexole is neuroprotective in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease, and downregulates the dopamine transporter via the D3 receptor | Background Our aim was to determine if pramipexole, a D 3 preferring agonist, effectively reduced dopamine neuron and fiber loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model when given at intraperitoneal doses corresponding to clinical doses. We also determined whether subchronic treatment wit... | Background An interesting development in the use of dopamine (DA) agonists for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is that some of them have proven to be neuroprotective in animal models of PD. Antiparkinsonian agents that are direct DA agonists, such as apomorphine [ 1 ], bromocriptine [ 2 ], and pramipexole [ 3 ], ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524509.xml |
553971 | Measurement of fractionated plasma metanephrines for exclusion of pheochromocytoma: Can specificity be improved by adjustment for age? | Background Biochemical testing for pheochromocytoma by measurement of fractionated plasma metanephrines is limited by false positive rates of up to 18% in people without known genetic predisposition to the disease. The plasma normetanephrine fraction is responsible for most false positives and plasma normetanephrine in... | Background Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal medulla or sympathetic ganglia, which can secrete excessive catecholamines [ 1 ]. Signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma may include hypertension, pain (including headache, flank pain, abdominal pain, or chest pain), hyperhidrosis, anxiety or panic attacks, car... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553971.xml |
534097 | A probabilistic model for the evolution of RNA structure | Background For the purposes of finding and aligning noncoding RNA gene- and cis -regulatory elements in multiple-genome datasets, it is useful to be able to derive multi-sequence stochastic grammars (and hence multiple alignment algorithms) systematically, starting from hypotheses about the various kinds of random muta... | Background One of the promises of comparative genomics is to annotate previously undetectable functional signals in genomic sequence, by identifying and characterising evolutionarily conserved elements. A principled way to extract such signals is by fitting the data to probabilistic models of the molecular evolutionary... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534097.xml |
553965 | The domain architecture of large guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the small GTP-binding protein Arf | Background Small G proteins, which are essential regulators of multiple cellular functions, are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that stimulate the exchange of the tightly bound GDP nucleotide by GTP. The catalytic domain responsible for nucleotide exchange is in general associated with non-catal... | Background Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) are obligatory components of signaling cascades regulated by small GTP-binding proteins (called small G proteins hereafter). Their biochemical activity is to stimulate the dissociation of the tightly bound GDP nucleotide from the small G protein in response to cellu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553965.xml |
524253 | Motifs in Brain Networks | Complex brains have evolved a highly efficient network architecture whose structural connectivity is capable of generating a large repertoire of functional states. We detect characteristic network building blocks (structural and functional motifs) in neuroanatomical data sets and identify a small set of structural moti... | Introduction The complex vertebrate brain has evolved from simpler networks of neurons over a time span of many millions of years. Brain networks have increased in size and complexity ( Jerison 1973 ; Butler and Hodos 1996 ; Kaas 2000 ; Krubitzer 2000 ), as have the flexibility of interactions with the environment and ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524253.xml |
524521 | Intracardiac echocardiography to guide transseptal catheterization for radiofrequency catheter ablation of left-sided accessory pathways: two case reports | Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is a useful tool for guiding transseptal puncture during electrophysiological mapping and ablation procedures. Left-sided accessory pathways (LSAP) can be ablated by using two different modalities: retrograde approach through the aortic valve and transseptal approach with puncture of... | Background Trans-catheter radiofrequency ablation (TCRFA) has become the treatment of choice for patients suffering from refractory to medical treatment supraventricular tachycardias [ 1 , 2 ]. During percutaneous ablation procedures, catheter location is usually monitored by using fluoroscopy together with the analysi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524521.xml |
549524 | Ancel Keys: a tribute | Ancel Keys, Ph.D., who died in November, 2004, at the age of 100, was among the first scientists to recognize that human atherosclerosis is not an inevitable consequence of aging, and that a high-fat diet can be a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. During World War II, he and a group of talented co-workers a... | Ancel Keys, who died in November, 2004, was an excellent testimonial to the health-promoting effects of his beloved Mediterranean diet. He lived to be 100 and, as the New York Times obituary put it, "remained intellectually active through his 97 th year." His latter years were spent mostly at his home in Naples, ItaIy.... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549524.xml |
520753 | Harpgophytum procumbens for osteoarthritis and low back pain: A systematic review | Background The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of Harpagophytum procumbens preparations in the treatment of various forms of musculoskeletal pain. Methods Several databases and other sources were searched to identify randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized controlled trials, and contro... | Background Natives in the steppes of South and Southwest Africa use the secondary root tubers of Harpagophytum procumbens (H) for the treatment of various diseases, including musculoskeletal complaints. For more than half a century, various preparations from H have been continuously used in Europe and have become an es... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520753.xml |
554978 | Effects of thrombin, PAR-1 activating peptide and a PAR-1 antagonist on umbilical artery resistance in vitro | Background The non-thrombotic effects of thrombin in cardiovascular tissues, as mediated via the protease activated receptors (PARs), and particularly PAR-1, have been the focus of much recent research. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of thrombin, a specific PAR-1 activating peptide (PAR1-AP), and a... | Background In disorders resulting in poor fetal growth, and in pre-eclampsia, thrombotic lesions are frequently observed in the maternal and fetal vascular components of the placenta, [ 1 - 3 ] and hence have been implicated in the pathophysiology of these conditions. In addition, it has been reported that in vivo gene... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554978.xml |
549518 | Colonic Paneth cell metaplasia is pre-neoplastic condition of colonic cancer or not? | Background The carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer has been accepted by a model for a cascade of genetic alterations, named the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In order to elucidate the carcinogenesis of the colorectal cancer more clearly, the genetic abnormalies of the non-neoplastic mucosal epithelium of the colon and re... | Background Vogelstein et al. [ 1 ] have reported the involvement of multistage genetic abnormalities in the development of colorectal cancers, and pointed out that K-ras mutation is the initial genetic abnormality in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence [ 2 ] of the development of the colorectal cancer. Recently, some report... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549518.xml |
314478 | Protein Essential for Malarial Parasite to Reach and Infect Liver Cells | null | Plasmodium, the microscopic parasite that causes malaria, passes through two hosts, two reproductive modes, four habitats, and over half-a-dozen distinct developmental stages in one lifecycle. When a Plasmodium -infected mosquito bites a human, it injects the parasite—sequestered in the mosquito's salivary glands in it... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314478.xml |
547904 | Chlamydia pneumoniae induces aponecrosis in human aortic smooth muscle cells | Background The intracellular bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae is suspected to play a role in formation and progression of atherosclerosis. Many studies investigated cell death initiation versus inhibition by Chlamydia pneumoniae in established cell lines but nothing is known in primary human aortic smooth muscle cells, a... | Background Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) usually causes acute respiratory tract infections [ 1 ]. Chronical infection with Cpn may also contribute to formation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions apart from the classical risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia [ 2 ]... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC547904.xml |
520747 | Nestin-positive mesenchymal stem cells favour the astroglial lineage in neural progenitors and stem cells by releasing active BMP4 | Background Spontaneous repair is limited after CNS injury or degeneration because neurogenesis and axonal regrowth rarely occur in the adult brain. As a result, cell transplantation has raised much interest as potential treatment for patients with CNS lesions. Several types of cells have been considered as candidates f... | Background During development of the central nervous system (CNS), all types of neuronal and macroglial cells derive from neuroepithelial neural stem cells (NSCs) [ 1 , 2 ]. NSCs self-renew and continue to function as source of new cells in adults [ 3 , 4 ]. The fate determination of neural stem cells is regulated by c... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520747.xml |
506780 | World health system performance revisited: the impact of varying the relative importance of health system goals | Background In 2002, the World Health Organization published a health system performance ranking for 191 member countries. The ranking was based on five indicators, with fixed weights common to all countries. Methods We investigate the feasibility and desirability of using mathematical programming techniques that allow ... | Background The World Health Organization recently published a performance ranking of the health systems of its 191 member countries, and intends to update it at regular intervals [ 1 - 4 ]. It was based on a framework outlining a set of social goals to which health systems should contribute [ 5 ]. It was argued that sy... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC506780.xml |
516020 | Comparison of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and CMV promoter-driven reporter gene expression in BLV-infected and non-infected cells | Background Viral promoters are used in mammalian expression vectors because they generally have strong activity in a wide variety of cells of differing tissues and species. Methods The utility of the BLV LTR/promoter (BLVp) for use in mammalian expression vectors was investigated through direct comparison to the CMV pr... | Background Viral promoters are commonly used as regulatory elements in gene therapy vectors due to their strong activity in various cell lines in vitro. Probably the most widely used promoter in mammalian expression systems is the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene (CMV) promoter. The CMV promoter induces high-... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516020.xml |
548148 | Genome-scale analysis of positional clustering of mouse testis-specific genes | Background Genes are not randomly distributed on a chromosome as they were thought even after removal of tandem repeats. The positional clustering of co-expressed genes is known in prokaryotes and recently reported in several eukaryotic organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans , Drosophila melanogaster , and Homo sapie... | Background Positional clustering of co-expressed genes is mainly due to operons in prokaryotes. Genes located within the same operon are transcribed together and thus co-regulated. In general, operons are missing from eukaryotes. Eukaryotic genes appear to be transcribed individually and are thought to be scattered on ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548148.xml |
512285 | Outcome after acute myocardial infarction: a comparison of patients seen by cardiologists and general physicians | Background The management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has improved over the last 50 years with the more frequent use of effective medicines and procedures. The clinical benefit of the speciality of the attending physician is less clear. The United Kingdom National Service Framework for coronary heart disease (... | Background The management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has improved over the last 50 years with the more frequent use of effective medicines and procedures. The clinical benefit of the speciality of the attending physician is less clear. The effect of the speciality of the attending physician on mortality in AM... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC512285.xml |
544941 | Assessing the impact of humanitarian assistance in the health sector | There have been significant improvements in the design and management of humanitarian aid responses in the last decade. In particular, a significant body of knowledge has been accumulated about public health interventions in emergencies, following calls for developing the evidence base of humanitarian health interventi... | Introduction In the last decade, humanitarian aid agencies have put a great deal of effort into improving the design and management of humanitarian responses in conflict situations: humanitarian agencies have agreed on international standards, numerous technical guidelines have been produced, training programmes are of... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544941.xml |
516034 | Evaluation of safety and efficacy of gefitinib ('iressa', zd1839) as monotherapy in a series of Chinese patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: experience from a compassionate-use programme | Background The gefitinib compassionate-use programme has enabled >39,000 patients worldwide to receive gefitinib ('Iressa', ZD1839) treatment. This paper reports the outcome of gefitinib treatment in Chinese patients who enrolled into the 'Iressa' Expanded Access Programme (EAP) at the Peking Union Medical College Hosp... | Background Platinum-based combination chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although meta-analysis of clinical trials proved that combination chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC is superior to best supportive care [ 1 ] and new cytotoxic agents have... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516034.xml |
544955 | The immunotherapy of Alzheimer's disease | Only a small percentage of patients with Alzheimer's disease benefit from current drug therapy and for only a relatively short time. This is not surprising as the goal of these drugs is to enhance existing cerebral function in Alzheimer patients and not to block the progression of cognitive decline. In contrast, immuno... | Introduction The headline "Minimal benefit is seen in drugs for Alzheimer's disease" summarized an article in the New York Times concerning drug therapy of Alzheimer's disease [ 1 ]. The inescapable conclusion was that present drug therapy benefits only a very small percentage of the 4.5 million Americans with Alzheime... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544955.xml |
549530 | Circulating γδ T cells in young/adult and old patients with cutaneous primary melanoma | Background In a previous study we demonstrated the existence of numerical and functional alterations of γδ T cells in healthy elderly. Recently, we analysed the involvement of γδ T lymphocytes in malignant melanoma, describing a lower frequency of circulating γδ T cells, an altered pattern of cytokine production, and a... | Introduction T lymphocytes bearing the γδ T cell receptor (TCR) represent a minor population of human peripheral lymphocytes (1–10%), the majority of them expressing the CD3 + CD4 - CD8 - phenotype [ 1 - 4 ]. The ability of γδ T cells to respond to nonprocessed and nonpeptidic phosphoantigens in a major histocompatibil... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549530.xml |
518970 | Feasibility of a patient decision aid regarding disclosure of personal health information: qualitative evaluation of the Health Care Information Directive | Background Concerns regarding the privacy of health information are escalating owing both to the growing use of information technology to store and exchange data and to the increasing demand on the part of patients to control the use of their medical records. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Health Care ... | Background Health information privacy has come to the forefront of ethical concern in the early 21 st century [ 1 ]. The advent of electronic health records, information technology, and large databases (such as administrative and genetic) with the potential for extensive linkages have raised concerns about the security... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC518970.xml |
340954 | A New Trade Framework for Global Healthcare R&D | Current business models for drug development are inefficient and ineffective - drugs are not reaching all who need them. Hubbard and Love contend that it is time to explore some alternatives | The AIDS crisis has brought to public notice what has always been generally true—that the existing business model for drug development leads to high prices and unequal access. There is now widespread dissatisfaction with drug prices in both the developed ( Families USA 2003 ) and developing world ( Correa 2000 ). Gover... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC340954.xml |
535809 | cDNA microarray analysis of bovine embryo gene expression profiles during the pre-implantation period | Background After fertilization, embryo development involves differentiation, as well as development of the fetal body and extra-embryonic tissues until the moment of implantation. During this period various cellular and molecular changes take place with a genetic origin, e.g. the elongation of embryonic tissues, cell-c... | Background Embryogenesis in the period from fertilization to implantation involves various morphological, cellular, and biochemical changes related to genomic activity [ 1 ]. These changes include the elongation of embryonic tissues, cell-cell contact between the mother and the embryo, and placentation. The embryo begi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535809.xml |
516785 | Sodium nitroprusside and peroxynitrite effect on hepatic DNases: an in vitro and in vivo study | Background It has been documented that nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and authentic peroxynitrite are capable of promoting apoptosis in a number of different cell types. Various endonucleases have been proposed as candidates responsible for the internucleosomal cleavage of the genomic DNA observed d... | Background In its response to tissue damage and inflammation induced by a variety of xenobiotics, endotoxins and disease states (such as viral hepatitis), post-ischemic and regenerative injury, the liver produces a large quantity of nitric oxide (NO). Nearly all cell types in liver tissue, including hepatocytes, Kupffe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516785.xml |
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