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### Question: Is hippocampal and prefrontal atrophy in patients with early non-demented Parkinson 's disease related to cognitive impairment? ### Context: Early stage patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) show cognitive impairment in frontal lobe functions and memory tests. Hippocampal atrophy is seen in medicated pat... |
### Question: Does oxygen removal during pathogen inactivation with riboflavin and UV light preserve protein function in plasma for transfusion? ### Context: Photochemical pathogen inactivation technologies (PCT) for individual transfusion products act by inhibition of replication through irreversibly damaging nucleic ... |
### Question: Does tIM-4 expressed by mucosal dendritic cells play a critical role in food antigen-specific Th2 differentiation and intestinal allergy? ### Context: Food allergy accounts for significant morbidity. The etiology and immune mechanisms of food allergy, however, have remained poorly understood. In this stud... |
### Question: Does molecular hydrogen suppress reactive astrogliosis related to oxidative injury during spinal cord injury in rats? ### Context: Spinal cord injury (SCI) can induce excessive astrocyte activation. Hydrogen has been deemed as a novel antioxidant. We investigated whether molecular hydrogen could act as an... |
### Question: Thermoplastic mask in radiotherapy: a source of anxiety for the patient? ### Context: The thermoplastic mask often used to immobilize patients in radiotherapy can cause varying levels of stress and anxiety. This study aimed at evaluating the anxiety related to the use of radiotherapy masks and the coping ... |
### Question: Health promotion in megachurches: an untapped resource with megareach? ### Context: INTRODUCTION. In the United States, megachurches (churches with 2,000+ attendance) represent a community institution with extensive reach within the population. Despite this potential for reach, the current health promotio... |
### Question: Are infection reduction strategies including antibiotic stewardship protocols in surgical and trauma intensive care units associated with reduced resistant gram-negative healthcare-associated infections? ### Context: Resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics by gram-negative organisms is increasing. Resist... |
### Question: Do prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) velocity and benign prostate hypertrophy predict for PSA spikes following prostate brachytherapy? ### Context: To evaluate if variants of serum PSA or benign prostatic hypertrophy correlate with the development of a PSA spike following permanent prostate brachytherapy.... |
### Question: Are hER1-4 protein concentrations in normal breast tissue from breast cancer patients expressed by the same profile as in the malignant tissue? ### Context: The epidermal growth factor receptor HER2 is overexpressed or amplified in 25%-30% of patients with breast cancer. The mechanism behind HER2 amplific... |
### Question: Does adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of human inducible nitric oxide synthase in porcine vein grafts inhibit intimal hyperplasia? ### Context: The aim of this study is to determine whether adenoviral inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene transfer could inhibit intimal hyperplasia (IH) in porcine i... |
### Question: Do South African universities provide the required training platforms for otolaryngology specialist training? ### Context: Concern exists about the quality of specialist training platforms at South African universities and teaching hospitals.We conducted an audit of the quality of training at South Africa... |
### Question: Is radiographic progression associated with increased cardiovascular risk in patients with axial spondyloarthritis? ### Context: To compare the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk between axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients and matched controls, and to identify factors associated with increased CVD ris... |
### Question: Is primary melanoma of the CNS in children driven by congenital expression of oncogenic NRAS in melanocytes? ### Context: NRAS mutations are common in human melanoma. To produce a mouse model of NRAS-driven melanoma, we expressed oncogenic NRAS (NRAS(G12D)) in mouse melanocytes. When NRAS(G12D) was expres... |
### Question: Do novel acylated steroidal glycosides from Caralluma tuberculata induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells? ### Context: Pregnane glycosides are potent cytotoxic agents which may represent new leads in the development of anti-tumour drugs, particularly in the treatment of breast cancer, because ... |
### Question: Is the white blood cell count an independent predictor of no-reflow and mortality following acute myocardial infarction in the coronary interventional era? ### Context: In the era before the use of coronary reperfusion therapy, an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count was associated with a higher risk of ... |
### Question: Do tetracyclines inhibit nitrosothiol production by cytokine-stimulated osteoarthritic synovial cells? ### Context: To evaluate the capacity of doxycycline and minocycline to inhibit NO production and N-nitrosation reactions in vitro.Synovial cells obtained from 6 patients with osteoarthritic joint diseas... |
### Question: Is cD36 AA genotype associated with decreased lipid taste perception in young obese , but not lean , children? ### Context: Obesity is an alarming threat for all age groups, including children. Fat overconsumption is one of the factors that directly influences this pathology. Recent studies have suggested... |
### Question: Anal lesions: any significant prognosis in Crohn's disease? ### Context: One hundred and one patients (46 males, 55 females, aged 34 +/- 14 years; range: 15-79) were consecutively referred to our institution (May 1991 to May 1994) for intestinal symptoms related to Crohn's disease (mean duration 66 +/- 66... |
### Question: Ethical considerations of mobile phone use by patients in KwaZulu-Natal: Obstacles for mHealth? ### Context: mHealth has the potential to facilitate telemedicine services, particularly in the developing world. Concern has been expressed about the confidentiality of health information that is relayed by mo... |
### Question: Does long interspersed nuclear element ORF-1 protein promote proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma? ### Context: To clarify the specific roles and mechanisms of long interspersed nuclear element-1 ORF-1 protein [human long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1), ORF-1p]... |
### Question: Does gene expression meta-analysis identify metastatic pathways and transcription factors in breast cancer? ### Context: Metastasis is believed to progress in several steps including different pathways but the determination and understanding of these mechanisms is still fragmentary. Microarray analysis of... |
### Question: Does acute exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke induce changes in the oxidative and inflammatory markers in mouse lung? ### Context: Tobacco smoking represents a global public health threat, claiming approximately 5 million lives a year. Waterpipe tobacco use has become popular particularly among youth in ... |
### Question: Does heterogeneity of isolated mononuclear cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia affect cellular accumulation and efflux of daunorubicin? ### Context: Pharmacologic studies on blasts from patients with leukemia are generally performed on density gradient isolated blood or bone marrow cells. Ther... |
### Question: Does risk factors and correlate of violence among acutely ill adult psychiatric inpatients? ### Context: The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors and correlates of violence committed by patients in an acute adult psychiatric inpatient unit in a district general hospital of the United Kingdom'... |
### Question: Does malaria infection appear to modify the risk of bronchiolitis early in life? ### Context: The observation of an increased prevalence of allergic disorders coinciding with a decreasing frequency of infectious diseases in early childhood has led to the speculation that infections may prevent allergic se... |
### Question: Is involvement of ER-α36 in the malignant growth of gastric carcinoma cells associated with GRP94 overexpression? ### Context: This study aimed to examine the involvement of glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) in oestrogen receptor-α36 (ER-α36)-mediated oestrogen signalling in gastric cancer development.... |
### Question: Does identification of technical item flaws lead to improvement of the quality of single best Multiple Choice Questions? ### Context: The purpose of the study was to identify technical item flaws in the multiple choice questions submitted for the final exams for the years 2009, 2010 and 2011.This descript... |
### Question: Hypointense hepatocellular nodules on hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI: can increasing the flip angle improve conspicuity of lesions? ### Context: To compare the conspicuity of hypointense hepatocellular nodules in patients with chronic liver disease on hepatobiliary phase (HP) of gadoliniu... |
### Question: Do lectins detect changes of the glycosylation status of plasma membrane constituents during late apoptosis? ### Context: Mechanisms governing the normal resolution processes of inflammation are poorly understood, yet their elucidation may lead to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic inf... |
### Question: Does salsalate treatment improve glycemia without altering adipose tissue in nondiabetic obese hispanics? ### Context: Salsalate treatment has well-known effects on improving glycemia, and the objective of this study was to examine whether the mechanism of this effect was related to changes in adipose tis... |
### Question: Are abnormal involuntary movements linked to psychosis-risk in children and adolescents : Results of a population-based study? ### Context: Altered motor behavior has consistently been reported in medication-naive adult patients with schizophrenia and first episode psychosis and adults at clinical high ri... |
### Question: Do laminin-rich blood vessels display activated growth factor signaling and act as the proliferation centers in Dupuytren 's contracture? ### Context: Dupuytren's contracture (DC) is a chronic fibroproliferative disease of the hand, which is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of atypical myofibro... |
### Question: Is one patient out of four with newly diagnosed erectile dysfunction a young man -- worrisome picture from the everyday clinical practice? ### Context: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common complaint in men over 40 years of age, and prevalence rates increase throughout the aging period. Prevalence and ris... |
### Question: Does oral delivery of IL-27 recombinant bacteria attenuate immune colitis in mice? ### Context: Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease would benefit from specific targeting of therapeutics to the intestine. We developed a strategy for localized delivery of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-... |
### Question: Does oral sorbent AST-120 increase renal NO synthesis in uremic rats? ### Context: The urine level of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, i.e., nitrates/nitrites (NOx), in chronic renal failure (CRF) is decreased because of reduced renal synthesis of NO. We determined whether the administration of an oral sorb... |
### Question: Are stunted young Indonesian children more likely to be overweight, thin, or have high blood pressure in adolescence? ### Context: To determine whether stunted young children are at greater risk of (1) overweight/obesity or thinness, and (2) high blood pressure (HBP) in adolescence.A secondary data analys... |
### Question: Multiple, simultaneous trauma patients: Are they worse off? ### Context: The simultaneous management of multiple severely injured patients has the potential to overwhelm trauma center resources. We hypothesize that trauma patients presenting in clusters of two or more patients within a short time period h... |
### Question: Are red-blood-cell to plasma ratios transfused during massive transfusion associated with mortality in severe multiple injury : a retrospective analysis from the Trauma Registry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie? ### Context: To test whether an acute transfusion practice of packed red blood... |
### Question: Do parameters used to clear noncritically injured polytrauma patients for extremity surgery predict complications? ### Context: In multiply injured patients, definitive stabilization of major fractures is performed whenever feasible, depending on the clinical condition.QUESTIONS/We therefore asked whether... |
### Question: Does the novel PARP inhibitor 5-aminoisoquinolinone reduce the liver injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion in the rat? ### Context: This study was designed to investigate the effects of 5-aminoisoquinolinone (5-AIQ), a water-soluble potent inhibitor of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in a rat mode... |
### Question: Does this patient need to be evaluated today? ### Context: Physicians and nurses often make judgments about the urgency with which patients require evaluation, yet few explicit process-of-care criteria are available to guide these decisions. Using a multidisciplinary expert physician panel and explicit, q... |
### Question: Does kATP channel closure ameliorate the impaired insulinotropic effect of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in patients with type 2 diabetes? ### Context: The reduced incretin effect in subjects with type 2 diabetes is accompanied by a severely impaired insulinotropic effect of the incretin ho... |
### Question: Are high EGFR protein expression and exon 9 PIK3CA mutations independent prognostic factors in triple negative breast cancers? ### Context: Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a more aggressive subset of breast cancer. A better understanding of its biology could allow the rational development of tar... |
### Question: Does glucose-regulated protein 78 ( Grp78 ) confer chemoresistance to tumor endothelial cells under acidic stress? ### Context: This study was designed to investigate the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in tumor associated endothelial cells (TECs) and its association with chemoresistance... |
### Question: Is inflammation-based prognostic score a useful predictor of postoperative outcome in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma? ### Context: Recent studies have revealed that the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), an inflammation-based prognostic score, is useful for predicting outcome in a variety of c... |
### Question: Does [ The analysis of the test result in HIV screening laboratory of Beijing Friendship Hospital in 2008 ]? ### Context: According to test results of the Hospital of AIDS screening laboratory in 2008, after counting analysis to assess the prevalence of AIDS, we can early detect positive cases in the futu... |
### Question: Does the direction of pedicle screw rotation affect the biomechanics of direct transverse plane vertebral derotation? ### Context: In vitro biomechanical investigation using human cadaveric vertebrae.Evaluate the biomechanical differences in transverse plane vertebral body derotation maneuvers of thoracic... |
### Question: Does clear cell renal cell carcinoma induce fibroblast-mediated production of stromal periostin? ### Context: Increase in periostin (PN) was reported in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). But how PN contributes to ccRCC pathogenesis remains unclear. This research will investigate the underlying mech... |
### Question: Do rat multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells lack long-distance tropism to 3 different rat glioma models? ### Context: Viral gene therapy of malignant brain tumors has been restricted by the limited vector distribution within the tumors. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and other precursor cel... |
### Question: Does constitutive Activation of DNA Damage Checkpoint Signaling contribute to Mutant p53 Accumulation via Modulation of p53 Ubiquitination? ### Context: Many mutant p53 proteins exhibit an abnormally long half-life and overall increased abundance compared with wild-type p53 in tumors, contributing to muta... |
### Question: Is time between the first day of chemotherapy and the last day of chest radiation the most important predictor of survival in limited-disease small-cell lung cancer? ### Context: To identify time factors for combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy predictive for long-term survival of patients with limited-... |
### Question: Does topical administration of orbital fat-derived stem cells promote corneal tissue regeneration? ### Context: Topical administration of eye drops is the major route for drug delivery to the cornea. Orbital fat-derived stem cells (OFSCs) possess an in vitro corneal epithelial differentiation capacity. Bo... |
### Question: Is sPARC expression in CML associated to imatinib treatment and to inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation? ### Context: SPARC is a matricellular glycoprotein with growth-inhibitory and antiangiogenic activity in some cell types. The study of this protein in hematopoietic malignancies led to conflicting... |
### Question: Is optimal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dosing neglected in elderly patients with heart failure? ### Context: The benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on mortality in heart failure has been proved in randomized controlled trials.We prospectively evaluated the prescribing of... |
### Question: Is the transcription factor Krüppel homolog 1 linked to hormone mediated social organization in bees? ### Context: Regulation of worker behavior by dominant queens or workers is a hallmark of insect societies, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and their evolutionary conservation are not well underst... |
### Question: Does prostate cancer biomarker annexin A3 detected in urines obtained following digital rectal examination present antigenic variability? ### Context: Annexin A3 (ANXA3) is a potential marker for prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to develop robust immunoassays suitable for quantifying ANXA3 in urine samples... |
### Question: Does french mothers ' milk deficient in DHA contain phospholipid species of potential interest for infant development? ### Context: An insufficient human milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level was reported worldwide, which leads to the question of the sufficiency of the DHA supply for infant development in... |
### Question: Does treatment of AG129 mice with antisense morpholino oligomers increase survival time following challenge with dengue 2 virus? ### Context: To determine the antiviral activity of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) and peptide-conjugated PMO (PPMO) in AG129 mice infected with dengue 2 virus (D... |
### Question: Is the small leucine rich proteoglycan fibromodulin overexpressed in human prostate epithelial cancer cell lines in culture and human prostate cancer tissue? ### Context: Fibromodulin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan important for extracellular matrix organization and essential for tissue repair in mu... |
### Question: Does she1-mediated inhibition of dynein motility along astral microtubules promote polarized spindle movements? ### Context: Cytoplasmic dynein motility along microtubules is critical for diverse cellular processes ranging from vesicular transport to nuclear envelope breakdown to mitotic spindle alignment... |
### Question: Does maternal deprivation enhance behavioral vulnerability to stress associated with miR-504 expression in nucleus accumbens of rats? ### Context: In this study, the effect of maternal deprivation (MD) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in inducing depressive behaviors and associated molecular mechani... |
### Question: Does losartan affect the substrate for atrial fibrillation maintenance in a rabbit model? ### Context: Atrial fibrosis causes abnormal conduction through the atria, creating a substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF). In a rabbit model, rapid atrial pacing produces significant atrial fibrosis and the substr... |
### Question: Are hypoxic cells critical for the outcome of fractionated radiotherapy in a slow-growing mouse tumor? ### Context: To investigate the significance of hypoxic cells, reoxygenation and repopulation for the outcome of fractionated radiotherapy of a slow-growing subline of a murine fibrosarcoma and to compar... |
### Question: Does perception of improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis vary with disease activity levels at baseline? ### Context: To analyze the minimum clinically important improvement (MCII) of disease activity measures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using patient-derived anchors, and to assess whether cri... |
### Question: Does statin therapy help to control blood pressure levels in hypertensive dyslipidemic patients? ### Context: Aside from lowering lipid levels; statins improve endothelial function, decrease platelet aggregation, reduce procoagulant blood factors, and decrease vascular tone. This study was conducted to in... |
### Question: Does fucoidan from seaweed Fucus vesiculosus inhibit migration and invasion of human lung cancer cell via PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways? ### Context: Recently there has been an increased interest in the pharmacologically active natural products associated with remedies of various kinds of diseases, including can... |
### Question: Does tetrahydrobiopterin improve endothelial dysfunction in coronary microcirculation in patients without epicardial coronary artery disease? ### Context: We aimed to determine whether intracoronary supplementation with nitric oxide (NO) synthase co-factor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) improves NO-dependent c... |
### Question: Does a single mutation in the core domain of the lac repressor reduce leakiness? ### Context: The lac operon provides cells with the ability to switch from glucose to lactose metabolism precisely when necessary. This metabolic switch is mediated by the lac repressor (LacI), which in the absence of lactose... |
### Question: Does treatment of infertility increase the risk of ovarian cancer among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation? ### Context: To evaluate the relationship between use of fertility medication (i.e., selective estrogen receptor [ER] modulator, gonadotropin, or other) or infertility treatment (i.e., IVF or IUI)... |
### Question: Does prenatal care at community-based health centers result in infant primary care at these sites? ### Context: To describe where women receiving prenatal care (PNC) at community-based health centers (CBHCs) go for infant primary care, and to assess reasons for and factors associated with leaving CBHCs an... |
### Question: Does inhibitor for advanced glycation end products formation attenuate hypertension and oxidative damage in genetic hypertensive rats? ### Context: A recent study demonstrated that free radicals were involved in the maintenance of hypertension in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Advan... |
### Question: Is visual perfusion-diffusion mismatch equivalent to quantitative mismatch? ### Context: The concept of stroke MRI mismatch based on qualitative evaluation of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) has been applied in clinical practice for several years. The benefit of MRI i... |
### Question: Does nuclear factor-κB predict outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy? ### Context: NF-κB expression has been shown to be responsible for resistance to antineoplastic agents.The aim of our study was to investigate the importance of NF-κB expression as p... |
### Question: Do infant and young child feeding practices differ by ethnicity of Vietnamese mothers? ### Context: Limited studies have examined ethnic variation in breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in developing countries. This study investigated ethnic variation in feeding practices in mothers with chi... |
### Question: Is extreme drug resistance common after prior exposure to paclitaxel? ### Context: The platinum-free interval (PFI) is an important entity in the treatment of women with epithelial ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine on clinical samples whether a taxane-free interval (TFI), as defin... |
### Question: Does serum resistin correlate with central obesity but weakly with insulin resistance in Chinese children and adolescents? ### Context: Resistin has been linked with obesity and hypothesized as a potential marker of insulin resistance in addition to being linked with acute inflammation. However, these lin... |
### Question: Do sevoflurane and isoflurane impair edrophonium reversal of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block? ### Context: A dose-response relationship study for edrophonium to examine the modification of volatile anaesthetics on reversal of vecuronium block.One hundred and twenty ASA (I-II) patients were anaesthe... |
### Question: Is low serum adropin associated with coronary atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients? ### Context: Diabetes increases the risk and severity of atherosclerosis. Adropin, a metabolic homeostasis-related protein, has been implicated in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. We examin... |
### Question: Is noise exposure increased with neonatal helmet CPAP in comparison with conventional nasal CPAP? ### Context: in adults, noninvasive ventilation via a helmet is associated with significantly greater noise than nasal and facial masks. We hypothesized that noise exposure could be increased with neonatal he... |
### Question: Do patients with localized non-small cell lung cancer miss out on curative surgery with distance from specialist care? ### Context: To determine whether increasing distance to the nearest accessible specialist hospital (NASH, a public hospital with a thoracic surgical service) increases a patient's likeli... |
### Question: Do mutations causing low HDL-C promote increased carotid intima-media thickness? ### Context: Although observational data support an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD), genetic HDL deficiency states often do not correlate with premature... |
### Question: Do ejection fraction and other gated stress rest myocardial perfusion parameters differ by age and gender? ### Context: We have studied the end-diastolic volume (EDV), the end-systolic volume (ESV), and the ejection fraction (EF) for patients who had normal results on treadmill exercise tests and perfusio... |
### Question: Can Flemish women in semi-rural areas be motivated to attend organized breast cancer screening? ### Context: The implementation of organized breast cancer screening in Flanders was prepared by means of pilot projects within a multicenter study. In the semi-rural district of Kontich (Province of Antwerp, F... |
### Question: Does a new improved accelerated diagnostic protocol safely identify low-risk patients with chest pain in the emergency department? ### Context: To assess whether the accelerated diagnostic protocol (ADP) studied in the Asia Pacific Evaluation of Chest Pain Trial (ASPECT) could be optimized to effectively ... |
### Question: Does albumin infusion after reperfusion prevent gut ischemia-reperfusion-induced gut-associated lymphoid tissue atrophy? ### Context: Our recent study clarified that gut ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) mass atrophy, a possible mechanism for increased morbidity of in... |
### Question: Do a human factors approach to observation chart design can trump health professionals ' prior chart experience? ### Context: To determine whether experienced health professionals recognise patient deterioration more accurately and efficiently using (a) novel observation charts, designed from a human fact... |
### Question: Endovascular management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: does outcome justify treatment? ### Context: The appropriate management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms depends on a complete understanding of their natural history and on the risks and efficacy of treatment options. There is little curren... |
### Question: Is hexavalent chromium carcinogenic to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice after chronic oral exposure? ### Context: Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a human carcinogen after inhalation exposure. Humans also ingest Cr(VI) from contaminated drinking water and soil; however, limited data exist on the oral toxicity a... |
### Question: Is aerosol delivery to the lung more efficient using an extension with a standard jet nebulizer than an open-vent jet nebulizer? ### Context: Open-vent jet nebulizers are frequently used to promote drug deposition in the lung, but their clinical efficacy and indications are not clear. Our study compared l... |
### Question: Are biochemical recurrence outcomes similar after radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy? ### Context: Due to the protracted natural history of the clinical progression of prostate cancer, biochemical recurrence (BCR) is often used to compare treatment modalities. However, BCR definitions and posttre... |
### Question: Is improving antibiotic use in the hospital : Focusing on positive blood cultures an effective option? ### Context: The unsolicited and systematic evaluation of positive blood cultures (pBC) after laboratory report by a single infectious disease specialist (IDS) was evaluated during one year, using a comp... |
### Question: Is higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D associated with lower relapse risk in multiple sclerosis? ### Context: A protective association between higher vitamin D levels and the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been demonstrated; however, its role in modulating MS clinical course has been little studied. We inves... |
### Question: Do 17beta-Estradiol and soy phytochemicals selectively induce a type 2 polarization in mesenteric lymph nodes of ovariectomized rats? ### Context: This study was designed to compare the effects of 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E2) and a phytoestrogen-containing soy extract on the immune system in an ovariectom... |
### Question: Does apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 inhibit protein kinase C-mediated p66shc phosphorylation and vasoconstriction? ### Context: Phosphorylation of the adaptor protein p66shc is essential for p66shc-mediated oxidative stress. We investigated the role of the reducing protein/DNA repair enzyme apurinic... |
### Question: Does myocyte apoptosis occur early during the development of pressure-overload hypertrophy in infant myocardium? ### Context: Abnormal hemodynamic loading often accompanies congenital heart disease both before and after surgical repair. Adaptive and maladaptive myocardial responses to increased load are n... |
### Question: Does spinal radiation before surgical decompression adversely affect outcomes of surgery for symptomatic metastatic spinal cord compression? ### Context: A retrospective chart review was performed.To determine whether preoperative spinal radiation increases the number of major wound complications in patie... |
### Question: Does oral uridine supplementation antagonize the peripheral neuropathy and encephalopathy induced by antiretroviral nucleoside analogues? ### Context: Peripheral neuropathy and central nervous system neurodegeneration may result from the mitochondrial toxicity of some antiretroviral nucleoside analogues. ... |
### Question: Are urologists and radiologists equally effective in determining the RENAL Nephrometry score? ### Context: The RENAL nephrometry score (RNS) allows description of the anatomy and the complexity of renal masses. This study aimed to investigate the interobserver reproducibility of the RNS between a radiolog... |
### Question: Does glucose in bronchial aspirates increase the risk of respiratory MRSA in intubated patients? ### Context: The risk of nosocomial infection is increased in critically ill patients by stress hyperglycaemia. Glucose is not normally detectable in airway secretions but appears as blood glucose levels excee... |
### Question: Are low-abundant adiponectin receptors in visceral adipose tissue of humans and rats further reduced in diabetic animals? ### Context: Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that releases various proteins that may also exert autocrine/paracrine effects. The antidiabetic adipokine adiponectin acts through tw... |
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