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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
I think that's true for many, many things.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
But for the things like all the fights you had with an ex girlfriend, things that you
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
would think are not useful to still linger somewhere in the subconscious.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
So that seems like a bug that it would stick to there.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
You think it would be better if you can analyze it and then get it out of the system.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Better to get it out of the system or just forget it ever happened.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
That seems a very buggy kind of.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Well yeah, in general we don't have, and that's probably functional, we don't have an ability
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
unless it's extreme, there are cases, clinical dissociations, right?
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
When people are heavily abused, when they completely repress the memory, but that doesn't
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
happen in normal people.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
We don't have an ability to remove traumatic memories and of course we suffer from that.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
On the other hand, probably if you had the ability to constantly wipe your memory, you'd
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
probably do it to an extent that isn't useful to you.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
So yeah, it's a good question to balance.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
So on the books, as Jack mentioned, correct me if I'm wrong, but broadly speaking, academia
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
and the different scientific disciplines, certainly in engineering, reading literature
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
seems to be a rare pursuit.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
So I'm wrong on this, but that's in my experience, most people read much more technical text
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
and do not sort of escape or seek truth in literature.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
It seems like you do.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
So what do you think is the value, what do you think literature adds to the pursuit of
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
scientific truth?
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Do you think it's good, it's useful for everybody?
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Gives you access to a much wider array of human experiences.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
How valuable do you think it is?
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Well if you want to understand human nature and nature in general, then I think you have
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
to better understand a wide variety of experiences, not just sitting in a lab staring at a screen
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
and having a face flashed onto you for a hundred milliseconds and pushing a button.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
That's what I used to do, that's what most psychologists do.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
There's nothing wrong with that, but you need to consider lots of other strange states.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
And literature is a shortcut for this.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Well yeah, because literature, that's what literature is all about, all sorts of interesting
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
experiences that people have, the contingency of it, the fact that women experience the
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
world different, black people experience the world different.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
The one way to experience that is reading all these different literature and try to
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
find out.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
You see, everything is so relative.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
You read a book 300 years ago, they thought about certain problems very, very differently
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
than us today.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
We today, like any culture, think we know it all.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
That's common to every culture.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Every culture believes at its heyday they know it all.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
And then you realize, well, there's other ways of viewing the universe and some of them
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
may have lots of things in their favor.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
So this is a question I wanted to ask about time scale or scale in general.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
When you, with IIT or in general, try to think about consciousness, try to think about these
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
ideas, we kind of naturally think in human time scales, and also entities that are sized
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
close to humans.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Do you think of things that are much larger and much smaller as containing consciousness?
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
And do you think of things that take, you know, eons to operate in their conscious cause
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
effect?
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
That's a very good question.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
So I think a lot about small creatures because experimentally, you know, a lot of people
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
work on flies and bees, right?
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
So most people just think they are automata, they're just bugs for heaven's sake, right?
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
But if you look at their behavior, like bees, they can recognize individual humans.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
They have this very complicated way to communicate.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
If you've ever been involved or you know your parents when they bought a house, what sort
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
of agonizing decision that is.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
And bees have to do that once a year, right, when they swarm in the spring.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
And then they have this very elaborate way, they have free and scouts, they go to the
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
individual sites, they come back, they have this power, this dance, literally, where they
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
dance for several days, they try to recruit other deets, this very complicated decision
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
rate, when they finally, once they make a decision, the entire swarm, the scouts warm
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
up the entire swarm and then go to one location.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
They don't go to 50 locations, they go to one location that the scouts have agreed upon
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
by themselves.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
That's awesome.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
If we look at the circuit complexity, it's 10 times more denser than anything we have
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
in our brain.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Now they only have a million neurons, but the neurons are amazingly complex.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Complex behavior, very complicated circuitry, so there's no question they experience something,
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
their life is very different, they're tiny, they only live, you know, for, well, workers
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
live maybe for two months.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
So I think, and IIT tells you this, in principle, the substrate of consciousness is the substrate
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
that maximizes the cause effect power over all possible spatial temporal grains.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
So when I think about, for example, do you know the science fiction story, The Black
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Cloud?
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Okay, it's a classic by Fred Hoyle, the astronomer.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
He has this cloud intervening between the earth and the sun and leading to some sort
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
of, to global cooling, this is written in the 50s.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
It turns out you can, using the radio dish, they communicate with actually an entity,
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
it's actually an intelligent entity, and they sort of, they convince it to move away.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
So here you have a radical different entity, and in principle, IIT says, well, you can
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
measure the integrated information, in principle at least, and yes, if the maximum of that
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
occurs at a time scale of months, rather than in assets for a fraction of a second, yes,
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
then they would experience life where each moment is a month rather than, or microsecond,
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
right, rather than a fraction of a second in the human case.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
And so there may be forms of consciousness that we simply don't recognize for what they
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
are because they are so radical different from anything you and I are used to.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Again, that's why it's good to read or to watch science fiction movies, well, to think
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
about this.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Do you know Stanislav Lem, this Polish science fiction writer, he wrote Solaris and was turned
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
into a Hollywood movie?
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
Yes.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
His best novel is in the 60s, a very engineer, he's an engineer in background.
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
His most interesting novel is called The Victorious, where human civilization, they have this
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
mission to this planet and everything is destroyed and they discover machines, humans got killed
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Christof Koch: Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #2
and then these machines took over and there was this machine evolution, Darwinian evolution,
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