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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
don't, in fact, in fact, people don't even, you know, you talk about intelligence that these are
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:04.400
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
the paper spaces. And a lot of people think that's just crazy, because, because all we're all we know
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:07.920
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
is motion. We do have access to that information. So it's actually possible that so evolution could
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:12.160
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
if we wanted to construct an organism that's able to perceive the flow of blood through your body,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:18.880
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
the way you see an old friend and say, yo, what's up? How's the wife and the kids? In that same way,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:24.400
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
you would see that you would feel like a connection to the liver. Yeah, yeah, I think,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:32.560
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
you know, maybe other people's liver and not just your own, because you don't have access to other
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:37.920
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
people's. Not yet. But you could imagine some really interesting connection, right? But like
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:41.680
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
sexual selection, like, oh, that girl's got a nice liver. Well, that's like, the way her blood flows,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:46.160
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
the dynamics of the blood is very interesting. It's novel. I've never seen one of those.
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:52.800
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
But you know, that's exactly what we're trying to half ass when we, when we judge judgment of
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:58.320
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
beauty by facial symmetry and so on. That's a half assed assessment of exactly that. Because
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
if your cells could not cooperate enough to keep your organism symmetrical, you know,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:09.120
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
you can make some inferences about what else is wrong, right? Like that's a very, you know,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:13.760
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
that's a very basic. Interesting. Yeah. So that in some deep sense, actually, that is what we're
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:17.120
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
doing. We're trying to infer how health, we use the word healthy, but basically, how functional
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:23.280
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
is this biological system I'm looking at so I can hook up with that one and make offspring? Yeah,
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
yeah. Well, what kind of hardware might their genomics give me that that might be useful in
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:41.120
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
the future? I wonder why evolution didn't give us a higher resolution signal. Like why the whole
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:45.360
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
peacock thing with the feathers? It doesn't seem, it's a very low bandwidth signal for
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:50.720
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
sexual selection. I'm gonna, and I'm not an expert on this stuff, but on peacocks. Well,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:58.160
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
you know, but I'll take a stab at the reason. I think that it's because it's an arms race. You
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:02.880
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
see, you don't want everybody to know everything about you. So I think that as much as, as much as,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:08.880
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
and in fact, there's another interesting part of this arms race, which is, if you think about this,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:14.160
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
the most adaptive, evolvable system is one that has the most level of top down control, right?
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
If it's really easy to say to a bunch of cells, make another finger versus, okay, here's 10,000
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:27.760
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
gene expression changes that you need to do to make it to change your finger, right? The system
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:33.920
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
with good top down control that has memory and when we need to get back to that, by the way,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:38.800
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
that's a question I neglected to answer about where the memory is and so on. A system that uses
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:42.320
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
all of that is really highly evolvable and that's fantastic. But guess what? It's also highly subject
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:48.080
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
to hijacking by parasites, by cheaters of various kinds, by conspecifics. Like we found that,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:53.920
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
and then that goes back to the story of the pattern memory in these planaria,
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
there's a bacterium that lives on these planaria. That bacterium has an input into how many heads
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:04.880
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
the worm is going to have because it's hijacks that control system and it's able to make a
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:09.840
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
chemical that basically interfaces with the system that calculates how many heads you're
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:14.480
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
supposed to have and they can make them have two heads. And so you can imagine that if you
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:18.480
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
are two, so you want to be understandable for your own parts to understand each other,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:22.080
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
but you don't want to be too understandable because you'll be too easily controllable.
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:25.520
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
And so I think that my guess is that that opposing pressure keeps us from being a super high
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:28.880
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
bandwidth kind of thing where we can just look at somebody and know everything about them.
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:36.640
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
So it's a kind of biological game of Texas hold them. You're showing some cards and you're hiding
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:40.240
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
other cards and there's part of it and there's bluffing and there's all that. And then there's
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:45.520
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
probably whole species that would do way too much bluffing. That's probably where peacocks fall.
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:50.560
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
There's a book that I don't remember if I read or if I read summaries of the book,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:56.800
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
but it's about evolution of beauty and birds. Where is that from? Is that a book or does
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:04.400
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
Richard Dawkins talk about it? But basically there's some species start to like over select
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:10.160
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
for beauty, not over select. They just some reason select for beauty. There is a case to be made.
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
Actually now I'm starting to remember, I think Darwin himself made a case that you can select
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:21.280
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
based on beauty alone. There's a point where beauty doesn't represent some underlying biological
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:27.200
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
truth. You start to select for beauty itself. And I think the deep question is there some evolutionary
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:35.680
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
value to beauty, but it's an interesting kind of thought that can we deviate completely from
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:44.400
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
the deep biological truth to actually appreciate some kind of the summarization in itself.
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:53.760
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
Let me get back to memory because this is a really interesting idea. How do a collection of cells
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:00.480
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
remember anything? How do biological systems remember anything? How is that akin to the kind
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:07.600
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
of memory we think of humans as having within our big cognitive engine?
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
Yeah. One of the ways to start thinking about bioelectricity is to ask ourselves, where did
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:17.920
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
neurons and all these cool tricks that the brain uses to run these amazing problem solving abilities
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:25.200
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
on and basically an electrical network, right? Where did that come from? They didn't just evolve,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:32.320
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
you know, appear out of nowhere. It must have evolved from something. And what it evolved from
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:36.400
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
was a much more ancient ability of cells to form networks to solve other kinds of problems. For
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:40.720
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
example, to navigate more for space to control the body shape. And so all of the components
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:46.320
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
of neurons, so ion channels, neurotransmitter machinery, electrical synapses, all this stuff
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:52.320
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
is way older than brains, way older than neurons, in fact, older than multicellularity. And so
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:58.320
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
it was already that even bacterial biofilms, there's some beautiful work from UCSD on brain
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:03.600
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
like dynamics and bacterial biofilms. So evolution figured out very early on that electrical networks
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:09.120
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
are amazing at having memories, at integrating information across distance, at different kinds
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:14.880
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
of optimization tasks, you know, image recognition and so on, long before there were brains.
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
Can you actually just step back? We'll return to it. What is bioelectricity? What is biochemistry?
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
What is, what are electrical networks? I think a lot of the biology community focuses on
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
the chemicals as the signaling mechanisms that make the whole thing work. You have, I think,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:36.160
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
to a large degree, uniquely, maybe you can correct me on that, have focused on the bioelectricity,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:47.200
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
which is using electricity for signaling. There's also probably mechanical. Sure, sure. Like knocking
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:53.600
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
on the door. So what's the difference? And what's an electrical network? Yeah, so I want to make
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:00.080
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
sure and kind of give credit where credit is due. So as far back as 1903, and probably late 1800s
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:07.840
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
already, people were thinking about the importance of electrical phenomena in life. So I'm for sure
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:14.800
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
not the first person to stress the importance of electricity. People, there were waves of research
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:20.560
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
in the in the 30s, in the 40s, and then, again, in the kind of 70s, 80s, and 90s of sort of the
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:25.920
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
pioneers of bioelectricity, who did some amazing work on all this, I think, I think what what
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:33.600
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
we've done that's new, is to step away from this idea that, and I'll describe what what the
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:37.520
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
bioelectricity is a step away from the idea that, well, here's another piece of physics that you
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:43.040
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
need to keep track of to understand physiology and development. And to really start looking at this
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
as saying, no, this is a privileged computational layer that gives you access to the actual
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:51.760
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
cognition of the tissue of basal cognition. So, so merging that that developmental biophysics with
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:57.360
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
ideas and cognition of computation, and so on, I think I think that's what we've done that's new.
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:02.160
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
But people have been talking about bioelectricity for a really long time. And so I'll, so I'll
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:05.920
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
define that. So what happens is that if you have, if you have a single cell, cell has a membrane,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:09.840
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
in that membrane are proteins called ion channels, and those proteins allow charged molecules,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:16.400
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
potassium, sodium, chloride, to go in and out under certain circumstances. And when there's
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:21.600
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
an imbalance of of those ions, there becomes a voltage gradient across that membrane. And so
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:27.280
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
all cells, all living cells try to hold a particular kind of voltage difference across
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:33.200
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
the membrane, and they spend a lot of energy to do so. When you now now, so that's it, that's it,
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
that's a single cell. When you have multiple cells, the cells sitting next to each other,
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:44.240
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
they can communicate their voltage state to each other via a number of different ways. But one of
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:48.720
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
them is this thing called a gap junction, which is basically like a little submarine hatch that
https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:53.200
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
just kind of docks, right? And the ions from one side can flow to the other side, and vice versa.
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
So...
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
Isn't it incredible that this evolved? Isn't that wild? Because that didn't exist.
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
Correct. This had to be, this had to be evolved.
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
It had to be invented.
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325
That's right.
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