episode stringlengths 45 100 | text stringlengths 1 528 | timestamp_link stringlengths 56 56 |
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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | don't, in fact, in fact, people don't even, you know, you talk about intelligence that these are | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:04.400 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | the paper spaces. And a lot of people think that's just crazy, because, because all we're all we know | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:07.920 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | is motion. We do have access to that information. So it's actually possible that so evolution could | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:12.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | if we wanted to construct an organism that's able to perceive the flow of blood through your body, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:18.880 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | the way you see an old friend and say, yo, what's up? How's the wife and the kids? In that same way, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:24.400 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | you would see that you would feel like a connection to the liver. Yeah, yeah, I think, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:32.560 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | you know, maybe other people's liver and not just your own, because you don't have access to other | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:37.920 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | people's. Not yet. But you could imagine some really interesting connection, right? But like | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:41.680 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | sexual selection, like, oh, that girl's got a nice liver. Well, that's like, the way her blood flows, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:46.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | the dynamics of the blood is very interesting. It's novel. I've never seen one of those. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:52.800 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | But you know, that's exactly what we're trying to half ass when we, when we judge judgment of | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:47:58.320 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | beauty by facial symmetry and so on. That's a half assed assessment of exactly that. Because | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:03.920 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | if your cells could not cooperate enough to keep your organism symmetrical, you know, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:09.120 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | you can make some inferences about what else is wrong, right? Like that's a very, you know, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:13.760 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | that's a very basic. Interesting. Yeah. So that in some deep sense, actually, that is what we're | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:17.120 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | doing. We're trying to infer how health, we use the word healthy, but basically, how functional | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:23.280 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | is this biological system I'm looking at so I can hook up with that one and make offspring? Yeah, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:33.120 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | yeah. Well, what kind of hardware might their genomics give me that that might be useful in | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:41.120 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | the future? I wonder why evolution didn't give us a higher resolution signal. Like why the whole | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:45.360 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | peacock thing with the feathers? It doesn't seem, it's a very low bandwidth signal for | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:50.720 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | sexual selection. I'm gonna, and I'm not an expert on this stuff, but on peacocks. Well, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:48:58.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | you know, but I'll take a stab at the reason. I think that it's because it's an arms race. You | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:02.880 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | see, you don't want everybody to know everything about you. So I think that as much as, as much as, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:08.880 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | and in fact, there's another interesting part of this arms race, which is, if you think about this, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:14.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | the most adaptive, evolvable system is one that has the most level of top down control, right? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:21.120 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | If it's really easy to say to a bunch of cells, make another finger versus, okay, here's 10,000 | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:27.760 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | gene expression changes that you need to do to make it to change your finger, right? The system | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:33.920 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | with good top down control that has memory and when we need to get back to that, by the way, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:38.800 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | that's a question I neglected to answer about where the memory is and so on. A system that uses | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:42.320 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | all of that is really highly evolvable and that's fantastic. But guess what? It's also highly subject | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:48.080 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | to hijacking by parasites, by cheaters of various kinds, by conspecifics. Like we found that, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:49:53.920 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | and then that goes back to the story of the pattern memory in these planaria, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:01.440 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | there's a bacterium that lives on these planaria. That bacterium has an input into how many heads | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:04.880 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | the worm is going to have because it's hijacks that control system and it's able to make a | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:09.840 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | chemical that basically interfaces with the system that calculates how many heads you're | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:14.480 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | supposed to have and they can make them have two heads. And so you can imagine that if you | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:18.480 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | are two, so you want to be understandable for your own parts to understand each other, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:22.080 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | but you don't want to be too understandable because you'll be too easily controllable. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:25.520 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | And so I think that my guess is that that opposing pressure keeps us from being a super high | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:28.880 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | bandwidth kind of thing where we can just look at somebody and know everything about them. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:36.640 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | So it's a kind of biological game of Texas hold them. You're showing some cards and you're hiding | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:40.240 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | other cards and there's part of it and there's bluffing and there's all that. And then there's | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:45.520 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | probably whole species that would do way too much bluffing. That's probably where peacocks fall. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:50.560 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | There's a book that I don't remember if I read or if I read summaries of the book, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:50:56.800 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | but it's about evolution of beauty and birds. Where is that from? Is that a book or does | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:04.400 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Richard Dawkins talk about it? But basically there's some species start to like over select | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:10.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | for beauty, not over select. They just some reason select for beauty. There is a case to be made. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:15.600 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Actually now I'm starting to remember, I think Darwin himself made a case that you can select | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:21.280 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | based on beauty alone. There's a point where beauty doesn't represent some underlying biological | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:27.200 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | truth. You start to select for beauty itself. And I think the deep question is there some evolutionary | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:35.680 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | value to beauty, but it's an interesting kind of thought that can we deviate completely from | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:44.400 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | the deep biological truth to actually appreciate some kind of the summarization in itself. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:51:53.760 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Let me get back to memory because this is a really interesting idea. How do a collection of cells | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:00.480 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | remember anything? How do biological systems remember anything? How is that akin to the kind | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:07.600 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | of memory we think of humans as having within our big cognitive engine? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:13.520 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Yeah. One of the ways to start thinking about bioelectricity is to ask ourselves, where did | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:17.920 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | neurons and all these cool tricks that the brain uses to run these amazing problem solving abilities | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:25.200 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | on and basically an electrical network, right? Where did that come from? They didn't just evolve, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:32.320 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | you know, appear out of nowhere. It must have evolved from something. And what it evolved from | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:36.400 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | was a much more ancient ability of cells to form networks to solve other kinds of problems. For | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:40.720 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | example, to navigate more for space to control the body shape. And so all of the components | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:46.320 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | of neurons, so ion channels, neurotransmitter machinery, electrical synapses, all this stuff | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:52.320 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | is way older than brains, way older than neurons, in fact, older than multicellularity. And so | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:52:58.320 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | it was already that even bacterial biofilms, there's some beautiful work from UCSD on brain | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:03.600 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | like dynamics and bacterial biofilms. So evolution figured out very early on that electrical networks | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:09.120 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | are amazing at having memories, at integrating information across distance, at different kinds | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:14.880 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | of optimization tasks, you know, image recognition and so on, long before there were brains. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:19.120 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Can you actually just step back? We'll return to it. What is bioelectricity? What is biochemistry? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:24.400 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | What is, what are electrical networks? I think a lot of the biology community focuses on | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:30.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | the chemicals as the signaling mechanisms that make the whole thing work. You have, I think, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:36.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | to a large degree, uniquely, maybe you can correct me on that, have focused on the bioelectricity, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:47.200 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | which is using electricity for signaling. There's also probably mechanical. Sure, sure. Like knocking | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:53:53.600 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | on the door. So what's the difference? And what's an electrical network? Yeah, so I want to make | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:00.080 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | sure and kind of give credit where credit is due. So as far back as 1903, and probably late 1800s | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:07.840 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | already, people were thinking about the importance of electrical phenomena in life. So I'm for sure | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:14.800 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | not the first person to stress the importance of electricity. People, there were waves of research | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:20.560 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | in the in the 30s, in the 40s, and then, again, in the kind of 70s, 80s, and 90s of sort of the | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:25.920 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | pioneers of bioelectricity, who did some amazing work on all this, I think, I think what what | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:33.600 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | we've done that's new, is to step away from this idea that, and I'll describe what what the | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:37.520 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | bioelectricity is a step away from the idea that, well, here's another piece of physics that you | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:43.040 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | need to keep track of to understand physiology and development. And to really start looking at this | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:46.800 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | as saying, no, this is a privileged computational layer that gives you access to the actual | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:51.760 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | cognition of the tissue of basal cognition. So, so merging that that developmental biophysics with | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:54:57.360 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | ideas and cognition of computation, and so on, I think I think that's what we've done that's new. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:02.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | But people have been talking about bioelectricity for a really long time. And so I'll, so I'll | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:05.920 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | define that. So what happens is that if you have, if you have a single cell, cell has a membrane, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:09.840 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | in that membrane are proteins called ion channels, and those proteins allow charged molecules, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:16.400 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | potassium, sodium, chloride, to go in and out under certain circumstances. And when there's | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:21.600 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | an imbalance of of those ions, there becomes a voltage gradient across that membrane. And so | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:27.280 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | all cells, all living cells try to hold a particular kind of voltage difference across | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:33.200 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | the membrane, and they spend a lot of energy to do so. When you now now, so that's it, that's it, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:38.720 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | that's a single cell. When you have multiple cells, the cells sitting next to each other, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:44.240 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | they can communicate their voltage state to each other via a number of different ways. But one of | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:48.720 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | them is this thing called a gap junction, which is basically like a little submarine hatch that | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:53.200 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | just kind of docks, right? And the ions from one side can flow to the other side, and vice versa. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:55:56.880 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | So... | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:56:02.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Isn't it incredible that this evolved? Isn't that wild? Because that didn't exist. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:56:02.720 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Correct. This had to be, this had to be evolved. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:56:09.600 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | It had to be invented. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:56:11.440 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | That's right. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#00:56:12.640 |
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