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135
f3c51954-fa78-4bdd-a1e0-6fe370a9c4b0
If aerobic glycolysis uses Glycerol-3-Phosphate shuttle, How many net ATPs are produced?
2 ATP
5 ATP
7 ATP
3 ATP
1b
single
The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH. Therefore, the NADH produced in the cytosol cannot directly enter the mitochondria. It enters mitochondria indirectly with the help of shuttles. e.g glycerol phosphate and malate shuttles. ATP yield in Aerobic glycolysis and Glycerol phosphate shuttle: Total ATP ...
Biochemistry
Link reaction
b90144a7-74cd-40fc-9634-b3a00530cb0c
The cortex of lymph node contains:
Cords of billroth
Hassall's corpuscles
Lymphatic nodules
White pulp
2c
multi
The cortex of lymph node contains lymphatic nodules. Lymph node consists of 3 parts, i.e.: Capsule Cortex Medulla
Anatomy
null
715a9d77-1110-4023-b3fc-c52b1f567e1b
Nuclear family consists of –
Husband, wife and son
Husband, wife and dependent children
Husband and wife only
Father mother husband and wife
1b
single
FAMILY The family is a primary unit in all societies. It is a group of biological related individuals living together and eating from a kitchen. Type of families Nuclear family (elementary family) → Consists of the married couple and their children while they are still regarded as dependents. Joint family extended f...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
2569a070-f490-463a-9e99-8c32207c9e9e
Health care worker is -
X-ray technician
Hospital electrical engineer
Staff nurse
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., AH of the above o Health care workers (HCWs) refers to all people delivering health care services, including students, trainees, loboratory staff and mortuary attendants, who have direct contact with patients or with a patient's blood or body substances.o Health care workers work in a hospital or heal...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Community Healthcare
3bd5952a-f3ea-4720-bf1d-27060aeb5b80
Signs of increased intracranial tension in a child X-ray:
Separation of the sutures
Tense anterior fontanelle
Silver beaten appearance of the bones
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. All of the above
Radiology
null
4b48cc84-5abe-40e7-952d-641a8eaa008a
Heller&;s myotomy is done for:
Esophageal carcinoma
Pyloric hyperophy
Achalasia cardia
Inguinal hernia
2c
single
Achalasia is associated with loss of ganglion cells in the esophageal myenteric plexus. These impoant inhibitory neurons induce LES relaxation and coordinate proximal-to-distal peristaltic contraction of the esophagus Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder characterized by increased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) ...
Surgery
All India exam
b1c76634-d18f-4664-b008-c40c4e8badc2
. Peutz Jeghers polyps present most commonly in
Rectum
Colon
Esophagus
Jejunum
3d
single
Jejunum [Ref: Oxford textbook of medicine: Sections 18-33, Volume 3 By David A. Warrell 2005/e p6431 Oxford textbook of medicine writes- "The syndrome stigmata are obvious with multiple pigmented spots on the lips and buccal mucosa, and multiple benign hamaomatous polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract, most freq...
Surgery
null
09c9168c-59b4-4751-9412-e61d77ac31c0
Bird beak appearance on barium swallow study is seen in -
Achlasia cardia
Carcinoma esophagus
Hiatus hernia
Diffuse esophageal spasm
0a
multi
’’Bird beak appearance on barium study is seen in achalasia cardia.              Important esophageal signs
Radiology
null
ba109066-3d72-4a84-baff-24df5b43b8d6
Bragg's peak is exhibited by
Proton
Electron
Neutron
All the above
0a
multi
Bragg curve plots the energy loss of ionizing radiation during its travel through matter. Bragg peak is seen in proton.
Radiology
null
138c0401-f9bb-4395-b3f5-fba4d48a79aa
'Strawberry gall bladder':
Cholesterosis
Porcelarin gall bladder
Cholecytitis glandularis proliferans
Diverticulosis of gall bladder
0a
multi
Ans. a (Cholesterosis). (Ref. Bailey & Love Surgery 25th/ pg. Fig. 63.28)TERMFEATURESGB polypIncidental findings. Size > 10 mm is an indication for prophylactic cholecystectomy as risk of malignancy is high then. USG is best to monitor polyp size.Cholesterosis ('strawberry gall bladder')It is chronic inflammatory chang...
Surgery
Gall Bladder & Bile Ducts
0203aaba-4e65-485f-9d05-e2523f30c268
Base paste of polysulfide contains the following fillers:
Silicon dioxide
Ferric chloride
Titanium dioxide
Barium sulfate
2c
single
The base paste, is a polysulfide polymer that contains a multi-functional mercaptan (-SH) called a polysulfide polymer, a suitable filler (such as lithopone or titanium dioxide) to provide the required strength, a plasticizer (such as dibutyl phthalate) to confer the appropriate viscosity to the paste, and a small quan...
Dental
null
03a2a76b-77a6-463d-afa9-7bb4cc3ec3cd
True about G protein coupled subunit
G-protein binds to hormone on the cell surface
All the three subunits alpha,beta and gamma should bind to eachother G-protein to act
G-protein acts as inhibitor and excitator due to difference in alpha subunit
G-protein is bound to GTP in resting state
2c
multi
(Ref Harer 26/e p458: Liglpincott Badem 3/e p93 Ganong 22/ p41: KDT 6/ep46) G proteins are so-called because they bind the guanine nucleotides GDP and GTP. They are heterotrimers (i.e., made of three difterent subunits) The three subunits are Galpha, Gbeta and Ggamma In the inactive state G protein has GDP bound to its...
Anatomy
General anatomy
78bc6415-52ea-4dce-b94e-25fef1cab7f6
Regarding alpha feto-protein true statement .
Major source in fetal life is yolk sac
Commonly incrased in wilms tumour
Maximum level at 20th week
Half life 5-7 days
0a
multi
Ans. is a i.e. Major source in fetal life is yolk sac As discussed earlier : "AFP is synthesized early in gestation by the fetal yolk sac and later by the fetal GlTand liver." No where it is given that major source is yolk sac so this statement (option "a") is paially correct. AFP levies are not increased in wilms tumo...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
04fca20e-80a4-4406-bac3-1b13e448047c
A young female presents with chest pain not associated with exercise. Auscultation reveals multiple ejection clicks with a murmur. The most impoant investigation for diagnosis is:
ECG
Thallium 201 scan
Tc pyrophosphate scan
Echocardiography
3d
multi
Ans. Echocardiography
Radiology
null
6a2ec466-8778-4a52-9471-c1766a7fcc3f
Muscle fatigue, which increases progressively from start of the day to evening includes
Myasthenia gravis
Hypothyroidism
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Limb girdle dystrophy
0a
single
(A) Myasthenia gravis # Fatigue: Any disorder that causes muscle weakness can also bring on fatigue, which in this context means an inability to maintain a force.> With weak muscles, individuals cannot sustain physical activities for very long; they become excessively tired.> After all, they are attempting to perform t...
Medicine
Miscellaneous
2d7ab76a-30ba-4faf-a3da-4db7c90043b9
Skeletal muscle relaxant of choke in the liver and renal disease is?
Mivacurium
Atracurium
Gallium
Vecuronium
1b
multi
ANSWER: (B) AtracuriumREF: Lee synopsis of anesthesia 12th ep. 215Repeat from December 2010, June 2011Muscle relaxantRoute of eliminationPancuronium, Vecuronium ,, RapacuroniumLiverVecuronium, RocuroniumBiliarySch, MivacuriumPseudocholinesteraseGallamine, MetocurineRenalAtracurium t ds-atracuriumHoffman's elimination
Unknown
null
5720b369-815c-4deb-83ba-e5a2e79ff192
All are true about anthropometric measurements except:-
Bih weight triples by 1 year
Skinfold thickness is measured in sub scapular region
Weight is measured to the nearest 100 gram
Standing height is about 2.5 cm more than recumbent length
3d
multi
Standing height is about 0.7 cm less than recumbent length. If a child < 2 years old, measure recumbent length- Infantometer If >= 2-year age and able to stand, measure standing height- Stadiometer
Pediatrics
Growth
9fa5976f-240c-4a6c-9d73-d14cc43a568a
Rose-waaler test is
Precipitation test
Passive agglutination test
Neutralisation test
Complement fixation test
1b
single
It is rapid slide haemagglutination test for detection of rheumatoid factor.
Microbiology
null
a94eb610-9f37-425e-8a73-32628d85d81e
Which of the following is non poisoning snake ?
Viper
Krait
Sea snake
Rat snake
3d
single
Viper, Kraft and sea snake are poisons snakes. Rat snake is non-poisonous snake.
Forensic Medicine
null
126fcb33-55ff-495e-834d-8ef6b067152e
Which anaesthetic agent is contraindicated in porphyria
Propofol
Ketamine
Thiopentone
All of the above
2c
multi
Ans. (c) Thiopentone Thiopentone sodium (a Barbiturate) Discovered by Water & Lundy 1934. It is ultra short acting barbiturates. Thiopentone is the drug is avoided in shock and hypotensive states. (AIIMS Nov 07) Contraindication Absolute - Porphyria thiopentone cause LMN paralysis in porphyria patients & even death. H/...
Unknown
null
8843d937-1ae9-4e5a-91c7-524998614d90
The structural protein are involved in maintaining the shape of a cell or in the formation of matrices in the body. The shape of these proteins is
Globular
Fibrous
Stretch of beads
Planar
1b
single
Proteins responsible for maintaining the structural strength of cells (i.e. cytoskeleton) and tissues include collagens, keratin and myosin etc. These proteins are classified as fibrous proteins.
Biochemistry
null
b07f1d63-bbed-45ae-be43-ca74d333f9d1
All are true about Aspirin-sensitive asthma except?
Nasal polyposis
Treatment with inhaled coicosteroids
Rhinosinusitis
Increased prostaglandins
3d
multi
Aspirin sensitive asthma is associated with severe rhinosinusitis and recurrent nasal polyposis. Pathogenesis- chronic eosinophilic inflammatory changes, with increased mast cell activation. It is associated with more severe asthma, requires increased use of inhaled and oral coicosteroids, more presentations to hospita...
Medicine
COPD and Asthma
f38b2f8b-286d-4776-8d1f-80f05250cabf
Curling's ulcer common in which pa of duodenum: DNB 09; AIIMS 13
1st pa
2nd pa
3rd pa
Between 1st and 2nd pa
0a
single
Ans. 1st pa
Forensic Medicine
null
13de1b1b-371c-4bd9-8142-a77110e98190
Which of the following should be monitored in patient receiving linezolid therapy?
Renal function
Liver function
Auditory function
Platelet count
3d
single
Hematologic disturbances in the form of anemia and thrombocytopenia are of main concern while the patient is on linezolid therapy. Ref: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology By KD Tripathi, 5th Edition, Page 691 - 2; Side Effects of Drugs Annual : A Worldwide Yearly Survey of New Data and Trends in Adverse Drug Reactions ...
Pharmacology
null
47342dce-7670-4aaa-a27d-324855b49923
Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma T1 -
Radiation therapy
Surgery
Local resection
Chemotherapy
0a
single
Overall treatment of choice for nasopharyngeal carcinoma → radiotherapy. Treatment of choice for early (stage I & II) nasopharyngeal carcinoma → radiotherapy. Treatment of choice for advanced (stage III & IV) nasopharyngeal carcinoma → radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy.
ENT
null
e4231175-b118-40d6-bbe8-5de9df79d407
Endemic ascites is associated with the following ?
Pyrrolizidine
Aflatoxin
Sanguinarine
Beta oxalylamino alanine (BOAA)
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pyrrolizidine Endemic ascites o Endemic ascites is caused by a hepatotoxin - pyrralizidine alkaloid found in weed seeds of Crotolariu (Jhunjhunia). o These weed seeds of Jhunjhunia contaminate the millet seeds Panicum ',Ware (locally k/a Gondhli) o Endemic ascites presented in Sarguja district of Madh...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
20086dd6-f558-4485-b97e-5795f74304ef
Lugol's Iodine contains?
5 % iodine & 10 % KI
10 % iodine & 20 % KI
10 % iodine & 15 % KI
5 % iodine & 15 % KI
0a
single
ANSWER: (A) 5 % iodine 8t 10 % KIREF: KDT 6th edition page 252, http://en.wkipedia.org/TAriki/Lugol%27s_iodine"LugoTs iodine, also known as Lugol's solution, first made in 1829, is a solution of elemental iodine and potassium iodide in water, named after the French physician J.G.A. Lugol. The 5% solution consists of 5%...
Pharmacology
Anti Thyroid
83dc80a2-a573-4700-93f0-f749d3b245e4
Clinical feature of fracture of Zygomatic bone include all of the following except -
Diplopia
Trismus
Bleeding
C.S.F. rhinorrhea
3d
multi
• MC fracture of the middle third of the face: Nose > zygomatic bone • Also known as Tripod fracture, because the zygoma is fractured at its 3 processes: 1. Zygomatico-frontal fracture 2. Zygomatico-temporal fracture 3. Infraorbital fracture Clinical Features of Zygomatic Bone Fracture
Surgery
null
63dd7c01-7fcc-4e58-b633-4887dd6138a0
Which is true statement?
Depression with suicidal tendencies require ECT
Chronic depression will require ECT
Reactive depression responds to ECT better
ECT is the treatment of choice for atypical depression
0a
multi
Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry. Kaplan & Sadock, 10th edition. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, IVth edition.Expanation:Electro-convulsive treatment (ECT)It is one of the physical methods used to treat major depression.Other methods to treat major depression are Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS), Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS...
Psychiatry
Drugs & Other Biological Methods of Treatment
c1024fcc-7197-4554-848b-77100cd916c9
Select the drug which is used exclusively in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases, but not in cancers:
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclosporine
Methotrexate
6-Mercaptopurine
1b
single
CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS (Specific T-cell inhibitors) Cyclosporine Mech of action:- It inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and other cytokine production as well as response of inducer T cells to IL-1. Cyclosporin binds with protein cyclophiin-A and inactivate calcineurin and the transcription of genes involved in s...
Pharmacology
Immunomodulators
5a869c77-b7d2-4198-817d-f4998d646217
All of the following are examples of primary colours, EXCEPT:
Red
Green
Blue
None of the above
3d
multi
The sensation of white, any spectral color, and even the extraspectral color, purple, can be produced by mixing various propoions of red light (wavelength 723-647 nm), green light (575-492 nm), and blue light (492-450 nm). which are therefore called the primary colors. Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology 23rd ed...
Ophthalmology
null
dade149d-1610-42dc-8490-71bdbb1eb9bb
Symptoms of BPH is graded by
Gleason score
IPSS score
SBPH core
None of the above
1b
multi
IPSS score divides symptoms into:  Mild- 0-7 Moderate - 8-19 Severe - 20 -35.
Surgery
null
ae5551fd-bb98-44c5-8349-03744dddffb2
Which one of the following is the most common cause of abdominal mass in neonates?
Neuroblastoma
Wilm's tumor
Distended bladder
Multicystic dysplastic kidneys
3d
single
d. Multicystic dysplastic kidneys(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2555, Ghai 8/e p 509)a. Neuroblastoma is the MC extra cranial solid tumor in children & most commonly diagnosed malignancy in infantsb. Wilm's tumor or Nephroblastoma is the most common primary malignant renal tumor of childhood and the second most common malignant...
Pediatrics
Kidney
a127116d-ebbd-4f13-ba01-2db2763146c1
In wound injury sequence of appearance of cells is?
Macrophage - Platelet - Neutrophils - Fibroblast
Neutrophils - Macrophages - Platelet -+ Fibroblast
Platelet Neutrophils -Macrophages Fibroblast
Platelet Macrophages - Neutrophils -* Fibroblast
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Platelet - Neutrophils - Macrophages- Fibroblast
Pathology
null
0386f61e-d905-4bd7-bd46-94f636317c2c
Stage IV endometrial carcinoma, treatment is :
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy and hormonal therapy
3d
single
Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy and hormonal therapy
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
1516ccb0-ae26-43aa-92d4-a3f5f4d4a8a9
Regarding isoflurane all are true except
Is a respiratory depressant
Causes tachycardia
Is metabolised to inorganic fluoride ions
Implicated in causing seizures
3d
multi
Isoflurane is not epileptogenic.
Anaesthesia
null
2b6a4da5-8127-406a-8e5d-7359bb5ced62
Carcinoid tumor is diagnosed by -
Urinary 5 HIAA
Serum Chromogranin A
Plasma neuro-specific enolase
Urinary 5-HTP
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Urinary 5 HIAA Diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome:* The diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome relies on measurement of urinary or plasma serotonin or its metabolites in the urine. The measurement of 5-HIAA is used most frequently.* False-positive elevations may occur if the patient is eating serotonin-rich foo...
Surgery
Neoplasia
0d5ed23f-19ec-4e2a-b6e8-448d49635a1c
All except one are true about hormonal changes during menopause
FSH levels rise
LH levels fall
GnRH released at maximal frequency
AMH levels fall
1b
multi
FSH and LH levels rise up to fourfold higher than those in reproductive years.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
20baa9d0-0f4e-4dba-89ff-35322236c5c5
Nitrates are given in all except
Congestive hea failure
Renal colic
Cyanide poisoning
Esophageal spasm
1b
multi
Nitrates are not effective in renal colic GTN/ NTG: DOC for acute attack of angina Uses of Nitrates: A- Angina B- Biliary colic C- Cyanide poisoning (DOC- Hydroxocobalamin) D- Dil ka Daura (MI) E- Esophageal spasm F- Failure
Pharmacology
CHF, Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction
f09c1184-52d9-481d-97be-018d1a798945
What is the sequence of development of pubey in girls ?
Thelarche, Pubarche, linear growth spu, Menarche,
Pubarche, Thelarche, Menarche, linear growth spu
Pubarche, Menarche, Thelarche, linear growth spu
Menarche, Thelarche, Pubarche, linear growth spu
0a
single
The sequence of SPECIFIC events of Pubeal events in girls is thelarche, pubarche, linear growth spu, menarche. Please note: This is not to confuse with accelarated general physical growth which is the first event in pubey Pubey Specific events in girls Events in boys 1st Thelarche Testicular enlargement 2nd Pubarche Pe...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
DNB 2018
8f457a86-efb3-4aba-b6e0-1da89f39c372
The commonest cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is :
Carcinoma parathyroid
Solitary adenoma of parathyroid
Chronic renal failure
Hyperplasia of the parathyroid
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' Parathyroid adenoma (Ref Harrison, 17/e, p 2380 & 16/e, p 2252 (15/e, p 2210)).Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is parathyroid adenoma.
Medicine
Parathyroid
e2d16b9a-a015-4a1e-82ea-c81bcc6b3429
The injury to the marked area of skull will cause intracranial hemorrhage due to damage to which vessel
Middle cerebral aery
Middle meningeal aery
Anterior cerebral aery
Deep temporal aery
1b
single
The marked structure is Pterion. It is the 'H' shaped point where frontal, parietal,temporal and sphenoid bones meet togather. Middle meningeal Aery lies under this point and is vulnerable to damage leading to EDH. Intracranial hemorrhage Type Vessel involved Head CT Epidural Middle meningeal aery Lenticular shaped Sub...
Anatomy
Neuroanatomy, Head and Neck
fc56c182-a703-46de-8174-0ffdde74b801
AIDS involves:
T - helper cells
T - suppressor cells
T - cytotoxic
B. cells
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Helper T Cells (Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 574, and 8th/e, p. 572)The receptor for the virus is the CD4 antigen on surface. The cells affected are:- CD4 T Cells (major target).- B lymphocytes.- Monocytes and macrophages.- Langerhans cells in dermis.- Glial cells and microglia in the CNS.- Follicul...
Microbiology
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
0b14eff2-2d49-4880-b141-d6e9e96f27aa
Most common cause of Acute Aseptic Meningitis in children is
Arbovirus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Enterovirus
Herpes family
2c
single
(C) Enterovirus # VIRAL CAUSES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: Enteroviruses - coxsackievirus, echovirus, poliovirus. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) Varicella-zoster virus. Arboviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, Influenza virus types A and B, Mumps virus.> Many different viruses can cause meningitis.> Ab...
Pediatrics
Miscellaneous
739c2cc5-26b3-4f33-b325-ada275b7dca3
All of the following are thought disorders, EXCEPT:
Paranoia
OCD
Delusion
Visual Hallucination
3d
multi
Thought disorders can be of 2 types: a) Disorders of thought form or stream e.g. Thought block, formal thought disorder in Schizophrenia, disorganised thinking, derailment in thinking etc b) Disorders of thought content e.g. Delusions, obsessions and compulsions etcHallucinations are not thought disorders. They are per...
Psychiatry
null
1ea53b2b-0c7d-425e-bed4-f76414e437e5
The macrophage to epitheliod conversion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is mediated by:
TNF alpha
IFN-g
IL-4
TGF-Beia
1b
single
Ref: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th edition, Pg: 183Explanation:T Cell-Mediated (Type IV) HypersensitivityThe cell-mediated type of hypersensitivity is initiated by antigen-activated (sensitized T lymphocytes, including CD4+ and CD8+ Tcells.Tubercle bacilli colonizing the lungs are persistent or nondegradable...
Pathology
Cells and Tissues of Immune System
f6d1065c-c342-4978-86f7-a8f32de69c0f
Pleural effusion in cirrhosis all are true except ?
L Pleural LDH serum LDH
Protein 10g/L
Gluc 80 mg
S.G below 1.012
0a
multi
Ans. is a' i.e., Protein 10 g/L Pleural effusion in cirrhosis is transudative in nature. o The difference between transudative VS exudative effusion. TRANSUDATE EXUDATIVE o Low, < 3g/dl o Same as in blood o Low, < 1.015 o Low o < 0.6 o Few, mesothelial . and cellular debris High, > 3 gin/di Low o High, > 1.018 High o >...
Pathology
null
f9728850-d5df-4c88-b173-26b131786e50
Flow is laminar in small vessels because
Reynolds number is >2000
Total cross sectional area of small vessels is smaller
Diameter of smaller vessels is less
Effective velocity in small vessels is less
3d
multi
The most important determinant of flow of blood in small blood vessels is effective velocity. The velocity is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area. In the case of small vessels, the cross-sectional area is large. So the effective velocity is low. When the velocity is low, flow is laminar.
Physiology
null
be6ca78e-5c88-493c-bebf-5d62a1b170b9
All of the following drugs are effective in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor, except:
Selenium disulphide
Ketoconazole
Griseofulvin
Clotrimazole
2c
multi
Ans. C. GriseofulvinPityriasis versicolor is caused by yeast=like microorganism Pityrosporum ovale. Pale, scaling macules develop insidiously over the skin of the chest and back in young adults. Tropical imidazole creams (miconazole, clotrimazole, econazole) applied once daily for 6 weeks or use of ketoconazole shampoo...
Skin
Superficial Mycoses
ac5f69c1-3807-4f19-a8b6-174e740e3394
The base sequence of the strand of DNA used as the template for transcription has the base sequence GATCTAC. What is the base sequence of RNA product?
CTAGATG
GTAGATC
GAUCUAC
GUAGAUC
3d
single
Remember when the polarity of given DNA or RNA strand is not given in question always assume it as a 5' - 3' direction according to convention. So the given The DNA template strand is 5' GATCTAC 3'. So, the complementary DNA strand will be 3' CTAGATG 5'. The sequence of RNA formed will be exactly same to this strand. S...
Biochemistry
Transcription
4fe9a96b-ba48-403e-9ca7-75cde82ca21d
A 15- year old boy is suffering from Hodgkin's disease which shows involvement of lymphnodes. Which of the following treatment will have high success rate:
Lymph node resection
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Surgery+immunotherapy
1b
single
The question does not mention as to what is the extent of involvement by the disease. Thus exact answer is difficult. However, out of choices, only chemotherapy is used in treatment of Hodgkins disease. Hence this can be the only best answer.
Surgery
null
b24e7952-7639-45cd-9f40-2682c6064203
Death caused by medical negligence is under which IPC -
304A IPC
351 IPC
312 IPC
None
0a
multi
Death of medical negligence is dealt within 304- A IPC. It states that whoever causes the death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide, shall be punished with imprisonment up to two years, or with fine, or with both. REF: Dr K. S. Narayan Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine...
Forensic Medicine
Medico legal procedures
49833b1b-7977-4153-97d3-5e7dc46a33b6
Pigment seen in malarial parasite is formed from which of the following?
Bilirubin
Biliverdin
Hemoglobin
Melanin
2c
single
Hematin globin is formed as a result of incomplete metabolism of hemoglobin by malarial parasite. Malaria parasites are from the genus Plasmodium, malaria is caused by P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax. Among those infected, P. falciparum is the most common species identified (~75%) followed by P. vivax (~...
Microbiology
null
f1d2c495-f861-488d-9fa1-02d2a4c641f2
Management of an open wound seen 12 hours after the injury:
Suturing
Debridement and suture
Secondary suturing
Heal by granulation
1b
single
Ans. (b) Debridement and Suture(Ref: Sabiston 19/e p245)* If the blood supply is adequate and tissue is viable with absent bacterial infection wound can be safely closed anytime following proper debridement and irrigation.
Surgery
General Management of Wounds
35f3cb60-6b62-4ca5-90fc-18fd7b8924a3
All are decreased in infiltrative lung disease except
Vital capacity
Alveolar aerial difference in PaO2
Total lung capacity
Lung compliance
1b
multi
In infiltrative lung disease the alveolar capillary bed is damaged and there is a decrease in diffusion capacity.this results in an increase in alveolar aerial differences in PaO2 Ref Harrison 19th edition pg 1710
Anatomy
Respiratory system
30f00c67-b7e1-433a-9a03-1636378a12de
Action of Antidote of heparin (Protamine) is based on:
Competitive antagonism
Chemical antagonism
Non competitive antagonism
Toxic reaction
1b
single
Chemical antagonism
Pharmacology
null
5c559dba-4bbb-4424-a4ae-a33a54a45fe4
Isotope used in bone scans:
Technetium
Gallium
Selenium
Chromium
0a
multi
Ans. Technetium
Radiology
null
6a69e656-1bee-4f07-a7b1-404a67f29d17
False about clavicle
Ossifies membrane
Horizontal bone
No medullary cavity
Most common site of fracture is the junction of medial 1/3rd with lateral 2/3rd
3d
multi
BD CHOURASYA'S HUMAN ANATOMY VOLUME 1 page no:8 The clavicle is commonly fractured by falling on the outstretched hand.the most common site of fracture is the junction between the two curvatures of the bone which is the weakest point
Anatomy
General anatomy
7190236c-3c20-4ce9-9b8e-b097c683c77a
Half-life of factor VIII
2-4 hours
8-12 hours
6 minutest
60 days
1b
single
Factor VIII (8) Dosage Calculated on the basis that 1 unit/kg of factor VIII leads to a rise in plasma factor VIII of approximately 2%. EXAMPLE: 50 units/kg will increase factor VIII level by ~100%. Doses are rounded UP to the nearest l size. The half-life of factor VIII is 8-12 hours. Refer also to RCH Clinical Practi...
Physiology
Cardiovascular system
09e0a7d8-6a3b-41be-8200-b32900c38d06
A patient on Bilonatumomab for refractory B cell All is now resistance to the drug. Which drug to be used:-
Vorinostat
Brentuximab
Pembrolizumab
Tisagenlecleucel
2c
multi
Drug Mechanism Use Vorinostat HDAC inhibitor Cutaneous T cell lymphoma Brentuximab Man against CD30 Hodgkin lymphoma Pembrolizumab PD-1 Melanoma Lung Cancer Head and neck cancer Tisagenlecleucel Ca therapy ALL Blinatumomab Bispecific t-cell engages ( targets CD19 and CD3) ALL
Pharmacology
JIPMER 2019
bd9f41d5-aa8d-4ced-9c58-9406906a98bf
Nephrocalcinosis is associated with all of the following, except:
Hypoparathyroidism
Multiple myeloma
Milk-alkali syndrome
Hyperparathyroidism
0a
multi
Nephrocalcinosis: Disorders associated with hypercalcemia, such as hyperparathyroidism, multiple myeloma, vitamin D intoxication, metastatic cancer, or excess calcium intake (milk-alkali syndrome), may induce the formation of calcium stones and deposition of calcium in the kidney (nephrocalcinosis). Extensive degrees o...
Pathology
Parathyroids
98d556ee-b095-4729-8e72-234312ef1581
Metoclopramide:
Inhibit cholinergic smooth muscle stimulation in the gastrointestinal tract
Decrease lower esophageal sphincter pressure
Stimulate D2 receptor
Enhance colonic motility
3d
single
Ans. (D) Enhances colonic motility(Ref: Katzung 10/e p1021; KDT 8th/e p713)Metoclopramide is a D2 receptor antagonist that increases cholinergic activity by inhibiting presynpatic D2 receptors in GIT (D2 receptor stimulation inhibits the release of ACh).It increase LES tone that is also responsible for anti-emetic acti...
Pharmacology
Anti-Emetic
3a863dd4-463e-4ad6-8cad-1fd113eda927
Fouth stage of labour i.e. observation of patient after delivery of placenta is defined as period of___________after delivery:
1 hour
2 hour
3 hour
4 hour
0a
single
1 hour
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
3f34998b-bf83-4ce7-bf71-b413526e38b2
Grisel syndrome all are true except
Post-adenoidectomy
Conservation treatment
Inflammation of cervical spine ligaments
No need for neurosurgeon
3d
multi
Ans. d. No need for neurosurgeon Grisel Syndrome: Non-traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation may occur secondary to any inflammatory process in the upper neck It is described following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy Conservation treatment: Cervical immobilization, Analgesia and Antibiotics to reduce the risk of neurologi...
Medicine
null
cead8ae9-5647-49aa-a2c0-007047691abe
Severe HTN cut off is
>140 mm Hg
>150 mm Hg
>160 mm Hg
>170 mm Hg
3d
single
Ans. D >170 mm HgRef: Harrison's, 19th ed. pg. 1616Guidelines for threshold values between normal and high blood pressure Clinic measurement (mm Hg)Home measurement (mm Hg)Optimal control<140/85<130/80Mild hypertension140-150/90-100135-145/85-95Moderate hypertension150-170/100-110145-165/95-105Severe hypertension>170/1...
Physiology
Heart, Circulation, and Blood
bf192330-765d-45cf-a127-07b7fbaee5f7
What are the Cardinal ligaments of uterus ?
transverse cervical ligament
round ligament of ovary
pubo cervical ligament
round ligament of uterus
0a
single
Transverse Cervical Ligaments of Mackenrodt - These are also known by various other names like lateral cervical ligaments; cardinal ligaments; paracervical ligaments; retinacula uterine sustentaculum of bonny. These are fan-shaped condensations of the pelvic fascia on each side of the cervix above the levator ani and a...
Anatomy
Abdomen and pelvis
0236dad1-4d89-41c8-9ad0-ab6d40721594
Rickettsial organisms infect humans worldwide, although geographic locations may be limited for some species and possibly produce some challenges in medical diagnosis. All are obligate intracellular parasites, except C. burnetii, and transmitted by an insect vector. Typhus, spotted fever, and scrub typhus share which o...
Arthritis
Common vector
Fever and rash
Short incubation period (<48 hours)
2c
multi
Typhus, spotted fever, and scrub typhus are all caused by rickettsiae (R. prowazekii, R. rickettsii, and R. tsutsugamushi, respectively). Clinically, the diseases have several similarities. Each has an incubation period of 1 to 2 weeks, followed by a febrile period, which usually includes a rash. During the febrile per...
Microbiology
Bacteria
82fee812-5ca9-40df-b886-ef14d989f064
A young boy had itchy, excoriated papules on the forehead and the exposed pas of the arms and legs for three years. The disease was most severe in the rainy season improved completely in winter. The most likely diagnosis is
Insect bite hypersensitivity
Scabies
Uicaria
Atopic dermatitis
0a
single
Ans. a. Insect bite hypersensitivity A young boy had itchy, excoriated papules on the forehead and the exposed pas of the arms and legs for three years. The disease was most severe in the rainy season improved completely in winter. The most likely diagnosis is insect bite hypersensitivity. Insect Bite Hypersensitivity:...
Skin
null
78b5ad55-8a01-4475-92dc-87cbf06da4d9
Painless effusion in joints in Congenital syphilis are called -
Clutton's joint
Charcot's joint
Baon's joint
Chronic, osteomyelitis
0a
multi
Symmetrical ahrosis especially involving knee joint.Painless effusions in joints in congenital syphils are cluttons joints IMAGES SHOWING SYPHILITC BONY LESION AND DEFORMITY REF : MAHESWARI 9TH ED
Orthopaedics
Skeletal infections
f7338862-e337-4204-b30e-79490415e023
Pentostatin acts by inhibiting:
RNA dependent DNA polymerase
Aldolase
Adenosine deaminase
Adenylyl cyclase
2c
single
* Pentostatin and cilastatin are not statins i.e. these do not act by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. * Pentostatin acts by inhibiting adenosine deaminase. * It is used for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia. * Drug of choice for hairy cell leukemia is cladribine.
Pharmacology
Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs
61583801-4784-43fe-b86f-d5ac82777106
International Red Cross was founded by:
Henry Dunant
John D Rockfeller
Marie Curie
None of the above
0a
multi
The Red Cross is a non-political international humanitarian organisation founded by Swiss businessman Henry Dunant. Ref: Park 21st edition page: 858.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
7e0d39b1-8388-480b-87f3-017d5d427558
Mucous glands are absent in
Cervix
Esophagus
Vagina
Duodenum
2c
single
INDERBIR SINGH&;S TEXTBOOK OF HUMAN HISTOLOGY-PAGE NO:359 Vagina Mucous membrane The epithelium rests on dense connective tissue that is highly vascular,many veins being present .the tissue is rich in elastic fibres.no glands are seen in the mucosa,the vaginal surface being kept moist by the secretions if glands in the...
Anatomy
General anatomy
f010acc8-f13c-468e-b9b3-f6ca65c880e3
Renal papillary necrosis is seen in
Sickle cell disease
Gouty nephropathy
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Tumor necrosis syndrome
0a
single
Necrotizing papillitis (or papillary necrosis): It is one special pattern of acute pyelonephritis and is much more frequent in diabetics Hyaline aeriolosclerosis narrows blood vessels -> reduces the blood supply to the renal medulla -> ischemia ->causes necrosis of the tips of papillae (papillary necrosis). Causes of n...
Pathology
Urinary tract
d428f575-f911-4faf-9178-e66e27c877f5
All open into middle meatus except ?
Frontal sinus
Sphenoid sinus
Maxillary sinus
Ethmoidal sinus
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sphenoid sinus Pa of lateral nasal wallOpeningsInferiorNasolacrimal ductMiddleFrontal sinus, Maxillary sinus, Anterior ethmoidal sinusSuperiorPosterior ethmoidal sinusSphenoethmoidal recessSphenoid sinus
Anatomy
null
490df366-7f1a-429e-8714-40b3477faf45
Anesthesia of choice for induction of anesthesia in children is?
Desflurane
Halothane
Sevoflurane
Isoflurane
2c
single
Sevoflurane REF: Morgan's anesthesia 3" ed p. 404, 570, 860, 884 "Sevoflurane is anesthetic of choice for induction in pediatrics because of rapid onset and non-pungency" Induction in pediatrics patient Inhalation -- Sevoflurane in N20 Intravenous (preferred) - rapid acting barbiturate like thiopental or Propofol follo...
Anaesthesia
null
4d94fb8f-f3be-4392-a555-2256015f61d4
Apple-jelly nodules is/are seen in:
Lupus vulgaris
DLE
Lichen planus
Psoriasis
0a
single
Ans: A (Lupus vulgaris) Apple jelly nodules:characterized by yellow-brown nodules with tiny darker granules. On probing, the noduies are soft jelly-like"- Neena Khanna 3rd/217Lupus Vulgaris Neena Khanna 3rd/217MorphologySingle (or few) lesions.Well demarcated, annular or arcuate plaques which slowly extend centrifugall...
Skin
C. Mycobacteria
59692ea5-5ff1-4c66-a4e4-21c61fdb9e9c
Increased ICT is associated with all except:
Paraparesis
Abducent paralysis
Headache
Visual blurring
0a
multi
Increased intra cranial tension (ICT) is associated with headache, vomiting, visual blurring and diplopia (abducent paralysis). Paraparesis maybe a localizing sign but rarely associated with increased intracranial tension. Ref: API 6th Edition, Page 707, 708; Davidson's principles and practice of Medicine, 20th Edition...
Medicine
null
c205ec83-48e2-4eb9-9697-23a4f01779d7
What is the most common cause of increased red cell protoporphyrin level ?
Iron deficiency
Thiamine deficiency
Reactive lymphocytosis
Drug toxicity
0a
single
The most common causes of increased red cell protoporphyrin levels are absolute or relative iron deficiency and lead poisoning. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 847
Medicine
null
048d31be-8c2c-4230-98ee-e4728f59dfe8
All are risk factors of pre eclampsia except
Diabetes in pregnancy
Hydatidiform mole
Primipara
Previous history of pre eclampsia
0a
multi
Primiparous is at a higher risk than multiparous ladyH.mole due to abnormal trophoblastic proliferation and uterine distension is at higher risk. Infact h.mole is associated with early onset preeclampsia. Previous h/o preeclampsia also increases risk .
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
All India exam
08c61e74-9f8a-4bc9-a1ab-6856bc029fdf
In case of parathyroid adenoma T/t is -
Calcitonin and steroid
Removal of adenoma
Total parathyroidectomy and implantation in arm.
Total parathyroidectomy
1b
single
Ans is 'b' i.e. Removal of the adenoma
Surgery
null
ba21edfa-7005-4184-be13-d3c50887db43
Least useful anti-rachitic:
1, 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol (calcitriol)
Cholecalciferol
25-hydroxy cholecalciferol
Calcium
1b
single
Ans: B, or D (Cholecalciferol or. Calcium) Ref: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th Edition and CRC Desk Reference for Nutrition, Second Edition, By Carolyn D. BerdanierExplanation:Sorry, I am not sure of the answer since I could not find the source or references for this question. "Nutrients that are required for no...
Pediatrics
Vitamin D
2560b7e4-01e9-4e74-b8db-b3668c80c8c2
A 60-year-old female presented to the ER with chest pain and dyspnea, along with palpitations, nausea, vomiting and few episodes of syncope. MI was suspected. The relatives of the patient told that a near one of the patient had died yesterday only. ECG of the patient Lab findings revealed raised cardiac enzymes. ECHO w...
Propanolol
Streptokinase
Aspirin
Rosuvastatin
0a
multi
This is a case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Also called broken hea syndrome. More common in post-menopausal females. Myocardium is stunned in this disease. ECG shows ST elevation and anterior leads - mimics MI ECHO shows apical ballooning of the left ventricle. Occurs due to preceding emotional trigger/ stress event. D...
Anatomy
Integrated QBank
17ae23cb-0b32-4db3-8f97-68780214e2ca
The most common organism among the following that causes acute meningitis in an AIDS patient is
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus agalactiae
Cryptococcus neoformans
Listeria monocytogenes
2c
single
Cryptococcosis occurs worldwide since the fungus is soil saprophyte and is the commonest systemic mycosis in India. Cryptococcal meningitis is the most serious type of cryptococcal infection seen in AIDS patients compared to others. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology, Ananthanarayan and Paniker; 9th edition
Microbiology
mycology
01b8d074-dc7f-44e4-960c-1787ad31c801
The great cardiac vein drains into:
Right atrium
Inferior venacava
Coronary sinus
Superior venacava
2c
single
Ans: c (Coronary sinus) Ref: BDC, Vol-1,4th ed, p. 257All the veins of the heart except the anterior cardiac vein and the venae cordis minimi drains into the coronary sinus. These two open directly into right atrium.CORONARY SINUS: Largest vein of heart, opens into posterior wall of right atrium.It receives:1. Great ca...
Anatomy
Thorax
794fd2b7-cb82-4d6e-b7ab-8b01f2e680b3
Tentative marks are indicative of
Homicide
Accident
Suicide
Burking
2c
single
Ans. (c) Suicide.
Medicine
Miscellaneous
e8d5a05d-3658-4d20-934b-ae3a6be698db
Autophagic vacuoles fuse with ?
Golgi complex
ER
Lysosome
Mitocondria
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lysosome
Physiology
null
e138aa24-c9cb-4a50-b87b-a66bb3a39e43
Ectopic testis is found in all location except ?
Lumbar
Perineal
Intra abdominal
Inguinal
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., More common on the right side
Surgery
null
502bf8df-29ae-4db5-be89-8f31ddad3b4d
Drugs use for Prophylaxis of migraine include the following except?
Sumitriptan
Valproate
Serotonergic drugs
TCAs
0a
multi
*TCA,beta blockers ,calcium channel blockers, valproate,topiramate , used for prophylaxis of migraine *Sumatriptan used for treatment of acute attack of migraine . Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2456
Medicine
C.N.S
c33fd80c-a141-47de-9c09-0bb9fdb48696
Decoicate child - Flase statement is ?
Acute Brain injurys
Susthalamic, CT & frontal lobe lesion
More dangerous than decerebrate lesion
Flexion of arm & extension of lower limb
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., More dangerous than decerebrate lesion Decoical Posture o Also known as flexor posturing or Mummy baby o Arms flexed/bent over chest, hand fisted, leg extended & rotated inward o Damage to area in cerebral hemisphere, internal capsule, thalamus & upper pa of brain. o Decoicate posture is ominous sign ...
Pediatrics
null
b5c9a40a-625a-4d58-aa23-eba234805c1b
Which of the following support the Spring ligament?
Tibialis posterior
Peroneus longus
Abductor hallucis
All of the above
0a
multi
Ans. A. Tibialis posterior.The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) is a ligament on the underside of the foot that connects anterior margin of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus to the plantar surface of the navicular. This ligament not only serves to connect the calcaneus and navicular, but suppo...
Anatomy
Lower Extremity
dd9660a4-0fc1-4fd8-9f36-3eab6a39927c
Surfactant accelerated by
Thyroxine
Glucocorticoids
Carbamazepine
Iodine
1b
single
(Glucocorticoids) (657-Ganong 22nd) (442-A.K. Jain 3rd) (598-Ganong 23rd)* Maturation of surfactant in the lungs is accelerated by glucocorticoid hormones. Fetal and maternal cortisol increases near term and the lungs are rich in glucocorticoid receptors* Nomally after birth, the infant makes several strong inspiratory...
Physiology
Respiratory System
fbd435c5-6da0-4fe0-9d11-211bcc7250ad
Earliest sign In hepatic encephalopathy is -
Asterixes
Alternate constriction and dilated pupil
Constructional apraxia
Psychiatric abnormalities
0a
single
<p>Davidson&;s principles and practice of medicine 22nd edition. *Earliest features are very mild and overlooked but as the conditions become more severe ,apathy ,inability to concentrate,confusion,disorientation,drowsiness,slurring of speech and eventually coma developed.Examination usually shows a flapping tremor (as...
Medicine
G.I.T
42a6aa1d-b0e2-4643-b95e-b7045144ef7f
All of the following organs contain aneurysm in polyaeritis nodosa except?
Liver
Lung
Kidney
Pancreas
1b
multi
Pathophysiology in Polyaeritis nodosa The vascular lesion in polyaeritis nodosa is a necrotizing inflammation of small- and medium-sized muscular aeries. The lesions aresegmental and tend to involve bifurcations and branchings of aeries.They may spread circumferentially to involve adjacent veins. However,involvement o...
Medicine
Immune system
30ae63c8-c4da-4c19-ac89-66f74661ab9b
Oral habit that occurs during intrauterine stage is:
Atypical swallowing
Tongue thrusting
Thumb sucking
Lip sucking
2c
multi
Thumb sucking habit  is seen in the oral stage of development and is seen at 29 week of intrauterine life and may disappear during normal growth between the ages of 1 and 3.5 years.
Dental
null
43755eb8-4682-4cd0-b515-904c15e55e37
Punched out ulcer in oesophagus on endoscopy in a immunocompromised patient is seen in
Herpes zoster virus
Herpes simplex virus
Cytomegalo virus
Candidiasis
1b
single
Dysphagia and odynophagia are the symptoms caused by herpes. There may be history of heretic lesion on lip some days earlier. Endoscopy reveals vesicles or small ulcers with raised margins, usually in the upper half of the oesophagus. Ref: Bailey and love 27th edition Pgno: 1104
Anatomy
G.I.T
1bd9aa7f-5ce1-43a4-88a9-0cfd1af6c84a
Following statements regarding verapamil are true except:
It does not produce reflex tachycardia.
It is less potent as a coronary vasodilator.
It is contraindicated in patients with supraventricular tachycardia.
It can cause constipation.
2c
multi
Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that is more potent as a negative inotropic agent. It causes suppression of SA node. It is less potent as a coronary and peripheral vasodilator hence there is no reflex sympathetic overactivity and tachycardia. It has potent antiarrhythmic effect and is useful in treating supraven...
Pharmacology
null
c29ad5bf-f800-48d9-8309-bb499bdb6cdf
Which of the following organism's toxin works by same mechanism as Exotoxin A of Pseudomonas ?
Tetanus
Peusis
Cholera
Diphtheria
3d
single
In Pseudomonas pathogenesis , several toxic extracellular products are demonstrated in culture filtrates. Few of them are exotoxins A and S . Exotoxin A acts as NADase thus resembling diptheria toxin .
Microbiology
Systemic Bacteriology (Gram Positive Bacilli, Gram Negative Bacilli)
512ce60e-6c09-417d-91b3-e1d2f0d539b6
A patient presents in the causality with history of abdominal pain. On examination the person is in shock, with severe abdominal tenderness and guarding. There was also one episode of bloody diarrhoea. He gives a history of recurrent abdominal pain soon after taking food which persists for about 3 hours after food. He ...
Acute thrombotic mesenteric vascular occlusion
Acute pancreatitis
Acute duodenal ulcer perforation
Acute appendicitis
0a
single
The person has had recurrent episodes of abdominal angina as shown by the pain after food intake. He also has a history of MI which also suggests that he has atherosclerosis. The bloody diarrhoea is again suggestive of mesenteric vascular occlusion in this patient. Ref: Manipal Millennium Edition, Page 429; S.Das, Edit...
Surgery
null
83bf05ef-88e1-4815-8d6f-d92296881691
Person at night looks at the window and frightens. Wife switches the light on and turns out That window cover is having a shape like a man.
Illusion
Hallucination
emotion
Loosening of association
0a
multi
* ILLUSION= altered perception of a real object * Mistaking a rope for a snake There are several types of illusions namely PAREIDOLIC ILLUSION==vague stimulus (like clouds) are perceived as something known to the patient (image of a dog)
Anatomy
General anatomy
72b14998-6b80-45d4-ad70-9766f94e8026
Iron enters enterocyte by :
Divalent cation transpoer
Ferropoin
Hephaestin
Ceruloplasmin
0a
single
*.Cytochrome b reductase 1 or Duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb) is a ferric reductase enzyme conves Fe3+ to Fe2+, and aid the entry of Fe2+ into the mucosal cell *The ferrous iron is then transpoed in the cell by a divalent metal transpoer (DMT-1). *Ferropoin and Hephaestin proteins are at the basolateral membrane and help...
Biochemistry
AIIMS 2019