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6baabbb7-cbab-4ddb-8a82-83687e116a0e | Hyponasal voice is seen in all except | Adenoids | Nasal Polyp | Cleft palate | Habitual | 2c | multi | Causes of hyponasality are Common cold Nasal allergy Nasal polyp Nasal growth Adenoids Nasopharyngeal mass Familial speech pattern Habitual Ref: PL Dhingra; Textbook of EAR, NOSE and THROAT; edition 7; Page - 357 | ENT | Larynx |
7ec1e96c-a46b-47ad-8c5f-2853ea2435b6 | False about malignant mesothelioma: | It is the most common tumor of the pleura | More common in males | Serpentine type is most commonly associated than Amphibole type of asbestos | Vimetin cell marker is positive | 2c | multi | Amphibole or Cxocidolite are straight and can travel distally when compared to curved serpentine type of asbestos fibres.
Therefore Amphibole type is more commonly associated with malignant mesothelioma.
And most of the patients are asymptomatic.
Therefore there is no need of surgery. | Surgery | null |
3e870ac4-6b26-47c4-a3b9-597951c0bafb | International prognostic index for lymphomas includes the following prognostic factors except | Stage of disease | Number of extralymphatic sites involved | LDH | Hemoglobin and albumin | 3d | multi | Hemoglobin and albumin The international prognostic index (HI) designed as prognostic factor model for aggressive NHL also appears to be useful for predicting the outcomes of: - Clinical features included in the IPI that are independently predictive of survival include the following : - Age --> Younger than 60 years ve... | Pediatrics | null |
0e78b5ba-ae96-4c49-b9ed-cff084e29e91 | For dowry death punishment is : | 3 years imprisonment + Rs. 10,000/ | 5 years imprisonment + Rs. 15,000/- | > 7 years imprisonment + Rs. 20,000/- | 2 years imprisonment + Rs. 15,000/- | 2c | single | C i.e. 7 years imprisonment+Rs 20,000/ - | Forensic Medicine | null |
adbe080f-bf0a-4421-8b67-fac73510414b | Anterior relations of right ureter are all EXCEPT | Gonadal vessels | Root of mesentery | Ileocolic vessels | Bifurcation of right common iliac aery | 3d | multi | Abdominal aery divides into common iliac aery which divides into external and internal iliac aeries. Gonadal aeries crosses ureter anteriorly. Right colic aery a branch of superior mesentric aery crosses ureter anteriorly. Left colic aery branch of inferior mesentric aery crosses ureter anteriorly. But bifurcation of r... | Anatomy | GIT 1 |
d1a431d5-08e3-45f4-90cd-6d4c07aa1ddc | Most common metnhod of anterior capsulotomy in phacoemulsification - | Can-opener capsulotomy | Intercapsular capsulotomy | Capsulorhexis | Envelop capsulotomy | 2c | single | The most commonly used technique for anterior capsulotomy during phacoemulsification is continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) (Ref: Clinical ophthalmology p.312) | Ophthalmology | Lens |
dd3912ac-984d-408b-b352-0260261e839f | A female presented with severe headache of sudden onset. On CT scan a diagnosis of subarachnoid heamorrhage is made. The most common site of subarachnoid haemorrhage is - | Middle meningeal aery | Berry aneurysm rupture | Basilar aery | Subdural venous sinuses | 1b | single | Ans. is ' b' ie. Berry Aneurysm rupture "Excluding head trauma the most common cause of SAH is rupture of a saccular aneurysm (Berry aneurysm or congenital aneurysm)." | Surgery | null |
395a1598-58e2-4695-a782-23e0758c00b5 | 18 year old girl with circumscribed bald patch with no organic disease & no behavioural disorder has - | Depression | Trichotillomania | OCD | Phobia | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Trichotillomania o As there is no organic or behavioral disorders, this girl is suffering with impulse control disorder of compulsive hair pulling, known as Trichotillomania.Impulse control disordero These disorders are characterized by failure to resist an impulsive behavior that may be harmful to se... | Psychiatry | Mood Disorders |
f0d312f8-19d3-41b9-8ff0-09d8921d4d4e | Tertiary vitreous is represented by- | Zonular system | Ciliary body | Anterior uvea | Lens | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Zonular system 'Tertiary vitreous indicates the zonular system. The primary and secondary vitreous are stages in development of vitreous. However the tertiary vitreous i.e. the zonules are named so only because of their proximity to the vitreous'* The tertiary vitreous or the zonular system includes :... | Ophthalmology | Vitreous |
e4dc8349-dc98-4002-af0e-91a599a06b80 | Albumin does not pass through the glomerulus due to the presence of? | Proteoglycans | Glycolipid | Phospholipid | Carbohydrates | 0a | single | Ans. a (Proteoglycans). (Ref. Ganong, Physiology, 21st/pg.710)Albumin is small plasma protein with molecular weight 69,000.The basement portion of glomerulus is lined by proteoglycans that have strong negative electrical charge and the plasma proteins also have strong negative electrical charge and therefore albumin is... | Physiology | Kidneys and Body Fluids |
c6315b36-0fa9-4a7f-8097-7b2db24509df | All the following statements are true about pertussis except: | SAR is > 90% | There is no Subclinical or Chronic Carrier state | Leucocytosis correlates with the severity of cough | Doc is erythromycin | 2c | multi | Leucocytosis does not correlate with the severity of cough. | Medicine | null |
812b6d9b-624b-46d5-9e1f-82d4817d4399 | Most impoant amino acid for formation Neutrophilic extracellular trap (NET) is? | Leucine | Methionine | Citrulline | Valine | 2c | single | Conversion of arginine residues to citrulline in the histones is an essential step in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. The nuclear chromatin in the NETs, which includes histones and associated DNA, may be a source of nuclear antigens in systemic autoimmune diseases, paicularly lupus, in which individual... | Pathology | Oxygen dependent bacterial killing |
ace9d664-9d76-4021-8ae2-896757fa8158 | Locate the renal stone with pain radiating to medial side of thigh and perineum due to slipping of stone in males ? | At pelvic brim | Intramural opening of ureter | Junction of ureter and renal pelvis | At crossing of gonadal vessels and ureter | 0a | single | Ans is 'a' ie at pelvic brim The clinician is able to judge the position of the stone by the history of pain - Position of stone Site of Pain * At PUJ or upper ureter Pain radiates to the testicles * At middle of the ureter (ie at crossing of gonadal vessels and ureter) Pain is referred to Mc Burneys point on the right... | Surgery | null |
f7320c8f-3489-43db-8a71-cd0df79acafd | On MRI, the differential diagnosis of spinal cord edema is: | Myelodysplasia | Myelomalacia | Myeloschisis | Cord tumors | 1b | single | Myelomalacia is a increased T2w signal in the spinal cord where the spinal cord is atrophic with gliosis producing small and bright appearence of spinal cord | Radiology | Musculoskeletal Radiology |
85b8234a-7fcb-4fab-afde-a45b9ab566f8 | Grade 3 endometrial tumors according to FIGO staging is | <5% non squamous or non morular growth pattern | 6%-50% non squamous or non morular growth pattern | >50% non squamous or non morular growth pattern | >75% non squamous or non morular growth pattern | 2c | single | The differentiation of a carcinoma, expressed as its grade, is determined by architectural growth pattern and nuclear features. In the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grading system proposed in 1989, tumors are grouped into three grades: grade 1, 5% or less of the tumor shows a solid growth... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Gynaecological oncology |
47617f87-b6d9-4af5-ad56-89aa1d9fe7d2 | Comparison of efficacy of a new drug B with an existing drug A is done in which phase of clinical trials? | Phase I | Phase II | Phase III | Phase IV | 2c | single | "The purpose of phase III trials is to obtain adequate data about the efficacy and safety of drugs in a larger number of patients of either sex in multiple centres usually in comparison with the standard drug." Phase I: Human Pharmacology (Non-therapeutic trials): Done in healthy persons Phase II: Therapeutic explorato... | Pharmacology | CLINICAL TRIALS, DRUG LABEL |
adc5b3fe-8368-4e88-97e1-1e49dc3765d2 | Attacks of flushing and cyanosis occur in which type of ovarian tumors : | Struma ovarii | Krukenberg's tumor | Arrhenoblastoma | Carcinoid tumors of ovary | 3d | single | Ans. is d i.e. Carcinoid Tumor Carcinoid tumour of Ovary : It is sometimes primary and sometimes metastatic. Also called Argentaffinoma Occurs as a malignant change in benign dermoid cyst. Presence of solid yellow tumour with histological propey of reducing silver salts derived from specialized Kultchitsky cells of int... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
741f99ce-a86a-4c56-9a3b-0f4e25ddc0fa | Which of the following aminoacids have maximum buffering capacity at PH 7? | Lysine | Arginine | Histidine | Glycine | 2c | single | pKa of histidine is 6.5 - 7.4. It allows for maximum buffering capacity at neutral pH. | Biochemistry | null |
c6b85368-d8fe-4c98-822a-b583a16add40 | A 23 years old male presents with ingrown nail. The ingrown nail was removed after administering a ring block. The mechanism of action of the local anesthetic used is | Opening of sodium channels | Blockage of activated sodium channels | Increased frequency of GABA activated chloride channels | Increased duration of GABA activated chloride channels | 1b | single | Answer: b) Blockage of activated sodium channelsLOCAL ANESTHETICSInterfere with the excitation process in a nerve membrane in one or more of the following ways:Altering the basic resting potential of the nerve membraneAltering the threshold potential (firing level)Decreasing the rate of depolarizationProlonging the rat... | Anaesthesia | Local and Regional Anesthesia |
5c9c9e06-f787-4ad1-abed-6ffd7f20b57b | Which of the following is not component of acinus? | Pulmonary lobule | Respiratory bronchioles | Alveolar ducts | Alveolar sac | 0a | single | Ans. is `a' i.e., Pulmonary lobule o Pulmonary lobule is not a component of acinus, rather cluster of 3-5 terminal bronchioles with acinus form pulmonary lobule. Respiratory tract anatomy o Progressive branching of bronchi forms bronchioles. o Fuher branching of bronchioles leads to terminal bronchioles. o Terminal bro... | Pathology | null |
1ba134e0-b45e-41c7-a5cf-40c23fed9526 | Oral and topical drug for nasal decongestion is - | Phenylephrine | Histamine | Methoxamine | Dopamine | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Phenylephrine Phenytephrineo It is selective alpha 1 agonist.o Topically it is used as nasal decongestant and in eye for producing mydriasis when cycloplegia is not required,o It is also a part of oral nasal decongestant preparations. | Pharmacology | Adrenergic System |
0e3c0f24-54f7-46cc-b155-76cfc7879009 | In pulmonary embolism, findings in perfusion scan isa) Perfusion segmental defectb) Perfusion defect with normal lung scan & radiographyc) Tenting of diaphragmd) Normal chest scan | abd | bcd | abc | ab | 0a | single | At least 2% of patients with PE have normal V/Q scan and 4% of patients with normal V/Q scan have pulmonary embolism.
41% of patients with PE have high probability scan which includes 2 or more segmental perfusion defects with normal chest radiograph and normal lung ventilation scan. | Radiology | null |
6dc6a03b-6164-4ba6-9bb3-0173b03de1bb | CD4 is not impoant for which of the following | Antibody production | Cytotoxicity of TCells | Memory B cells | None | 3d | multi | Ref Robbins 9/e p198 CD4 is a co-receptor of the T cell receptor (TCR) and assists the latter in communicating with antigen-presenting cells. The TCR complex and CD4 each bind to distinct regions of the antigen-presenting MHCII molecule - a1/b1 and b2, respectively. In CD4 the interaction involves its extracellular D1 ... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
054f8ee1-9eaf-4e4b-b623-d4479986f006 | Regarding hepatobiliary disease, which of the following statements is true? | Hepatitis B is the most common viral cause of cirrhosis worldwide | Fewer than 5% of patients with chronic hepatitis C will develop cirrhosis | In India, hepatitis B is transmitted primarily by the feco-oral route | Hepatitis C is a more frequent cause for fulminant hepatitis than hepatitis B infection | 0a | multi | Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is a major global health problem. It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 868 | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
d56d3fb2-cc57-4f0b-aeea-8341f2eafc72 | In chronic glomerulonephritis the best urinary finding is | Albumin | Bacteria | Fixed Specific Gravity | RBC casts | 2c | single | In chonic glomerulonephritis the best urinary finding is low Fixed Specific Gravity.
While in acute glomerulonephritis, most characteristic is Erythrocyte casts in urine. | Medicine | null |
363e1162-d60c-4a1d-81e2-7f978b26641d | A child presents with recurrent bouts of severe cough followed by an audible whoop. Which of the following is considered the best type of specimen to isolate the organism and confirm the diagnosis? | Nasopharyngeal swab | Cough plate | Throat Swabs | Anterior Nasal Swab | 0a | single | Child in the question is showing features of whooping cough. Definitive diagnosis of whooping cough can be made after isolating Bordetella peussis from the respiratory tract. Either nasopharyngeal swab or nasopharyngeal aspirate is taken for sampling. Ref: Whooping Cough By Patrick G. Guilfoile, David Heymann, Hilary B... | Pediatrics | null |
94e91aa1-baaf-4545-aa8a-04d2af59cc89 | Best site for taking biopsy for viral oesophagitis is? | Edge of ulcer | Base of ulcer | Adjacent indurated area around ulcer | Surrounding normal mucosa | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Edge of the ulcer o In viral esophagitis d/t Herpes simplex the biopsy sample is taken from the edge of the ulcer. | Pathology | null |
a4a6cc05-724d-4f09-914e-7d8578ea81e7 | All are TRUE about protease activated receptors, EXCEPT: | Family of three seven transmembrane protein | Activated by thrombin | Releases PGE2 | Protects epithelial cells | 0a | multi | Protease activated receptors (PARs), a family of four seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, PAR4), act as targets for signalling by various proteolytic enzymes (thrombin, trypsin). PARs are characterized by a unique activation mechanism involving the proteolytic unmasking of a tethered liga... | Physiology | null |
e0322e0c-79ad-415a-a951-331295758133 | Period of immobilization indicated in a young adult patient with a fracture of the angle, receiving early treatment in which tooth is retained in fracture line: | 3 weeks. | 4 weeks. | 5 weeks | 6 weeks. | 1b | single | Period of immobilization for fractures of tooth-bearing areas of mandible.
Young adult with fracture of the angle receiving early treatment in which tooth removed from fracture line= 3 weeks
If tooth retained in fracture line - 1 week is added. (3+1= 4 weeks)
If fracture occurs at the symphysis - 1 week is added. (4+1... | Surgery | null |
de852976-c2e9-4951-ba58-794ac7da1382 | Tuberculoid leprosy is characterised by? | Non caseating granuloma in nerve | Sub epidermall free zone | Bacilli in skin | Skin caseation | 0a | multi | A. i.e. Non caseating granuloma in nerve | Skin | null |
caa327fb-0ebb-4384-8d98-073e05a55bf9 | Carbonic anhydrase is which type of enzyme ? | Coenzyme | Metalloenzyme | Serine protease | Endopeptidase | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Metalloenzyme The active site of carbonic anhydrase contains a zinc ion, they are therefore classified as metalloenzymes. | Biochemistry | null |
3b88cdc2-5f71-48e5-bacb-0808f1277b31 | Most common presentation of intracranial aneurysm is - | Coarctation of aoa | Systemic hypeension | Hypotension | Intracranial haemorrhage | 3d | single | Most unruptured intracranial aneurysms are completely asymptomatic. Symptoms are usually due to rupture and resultant sub-archnoid hemorrhage." - Harrison Ref : Harrison 17/e p1727 | Surgery | Head and neck |
12c4935d-3d56-4e93-b4d0-60a78881f32f | Hyperkeratosis is: | Thinning of Stratum corneum | Thickening of stratum corneum | Thinning of stratum basale | Thickening of stratum basale | 1b | single | Ans. (b) Thickening of stratum corneumRef: Fitzpatrick 7th ed. / 384 | Skin | General |
686f25e8-32f5-4bf2-a2d5-53c026e3f4c6 | A newborn has a posterior mediastinal cystic mass with several veebral anomalies. The most likely diagnosis would be which of the following? | Neuroblastoma | Bronchogenic cyst | Neuroenteric cyst | Myelocele | 2c | single | Neuroenteric cyst / esophageal duplication cyst is round or tubular lesion occurring in the lower posterior mediastinum, which often disto esophagus but only rarely communicate with the esophageal lumen a chest x-ray may show a right-sided mediastinal mass and associated veebral anomalies like hemiveebra, block veebra,... | Physiology | All India exam |
426786cf-23b8-42fc-89ef-575ed4a52953 | Cholecystectomy may lead to increased risk of : | Proximal colon cancer | CA pancreas | Hepatic cancer | Cholangiocarcinoma | 0a | single | Bile acids can Induce hyperproliferation of the intestinal mucosa a number of intracellular mechanisms Cholecystectomy, which alters the enterohepatic cycle of bile acids, has been associated with a moderately increased risk of proximal colon cancers. It cannot be ruled out, however, that it is less the effect of the c... | Surgery | G.I.T |
c20c457c-2038-4ce1-bb1f-86446703de74 | Which of the following is not true about medullary carcinoma of thyroid? | Metastases to bone are osteoblastic | Carcinoembryonic antigen is a better predictor of prognosis compared to calcitonin | Medullary carcinomas of thyroid are not hormone dependent | FNAC cannot be used for diagnosis | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., FNAC cannot be used for diagnosis Medullary Ca of thyroid* Are neuroendocrine neoplasms derived from the calcitonin secreting parafollicular cells (C cells) of thyroid which in turn are derived from the ultimobranchial bodies (These C cells are concentrated superlaterally in the thyroid lobes, which i... | Surgery | Thyroid Gland |
b6f74e46-0de0-4fa0-8902-2a4d52c90430 | Which of the following is not a feature of Phenylketonuria? | Severe mental retardation | Reduced tendon reflexes | Hypopigmentation in skin | Hair loss | 1b | single | Ans. B. Reduced tendon reflexesPhenylketonuria (PKU), is caused by phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency, is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism. The results of a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) impairs the body's ability to metabolize the essential amino acid phenylalanine. Th... | Pediatrics | Genetics And Genetic Disorders |
01d4bd32-03a0-4358-a97a-d97c1e25c2d1 | All of the the following is seen after massive small bowel resection, except | Increase in length of the bowel | Villous hyperophy | Mucosal hyperplasia | Decrease in surface area per cell | 0a | multi | .SHO BOWEL SYNDROME * It is the symptom complex after massive small bowel resection, i.e. resection more than 70% of the bowel. Minimum bowel required is 1.2 meters. Extensive bowel necrosis is the finding often observed which needs massive bowel resection that leads to sho bowel syndrome which is difficult to manage o... | Surgery | G.I.T |
fcce1d1d-6c71-48ed-8063-9b2f28c76f8e | What is the situation of the knot of ligature in cases of typical hanging? | In front of chin | Angle of mandible | Occiput | Mastoid | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Occiput Typical hanging : The ligature runs from the midline above the thyroid cailage, symmetrically upward on both side of neck to the occipital region, the point of suspension (knot of ligature) being on occiput (at nape of neck). Atypical hanging : Any variation from typical knot site (i.e. other ... | Forensic Medicine | null |
d457b779-e63c-4467-9ead-d36728ca1c54 | Pupil in acute attack of Anterior Uveitis is –a) Semi Dilatedb) Large and fixedc) Irregular & constrictedd) Constricted & sluggish reacting | cd | bc | bd | ac | 0a | single | There is a narrowing of the pupil (miosis) due to irritation of sphincter pupillae by toxins. Iris edema and engorged radial vessels of iris also contribute to making the pupil narrow.
The shape of pupil becomes irregular due to segmental posterior synechiae.
The papillary reaction becomes sluggish or may even be absen... | Ophthalmology | null |
f7efb36c-c1ba-40f3-9f13-558e0d775b15 | When the rectum is inflated with air through a rectal tube, pain and tenderness occur in the right iliac fossa in case of appenidicitis. This is known as? | Aaron's sign | Battle's sign | Bastedo's sign | Mc Burney's sign | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bastedo's sign | Surgery | null |
c8263e8a-ccc9-4d53-baf9-31d16f2854db | Jamais vu is - | Illusion that what one is hearing, one has heard previously | A unfamiliar thought regarded as repetition of a previous thought | Unfamiliar situations or events feel strangely familiar | Feeling of strangeness to familiar situation | 3d | single | Ans. D. Feeling of strangeness to familiar situationfamais vu :- A feeling of strangeness to familiar situations or events. | Psychiatry | null |
d9078d9b-4b19-4d9c-84f2-14947262f352 | All are true about components of Virchow’s triad except? | Vasculitis | Increased Protein C | Stasis in veins | Turbulence in artery | 1b | multi | Virchow's Triad (in thrombosis) includes:
1. Endothelial injury
2. Stasis or turbulent blood flow
3. Hypercoagulability | Pathology | null |
47cb3567-32de-4053-bec9-24b92e006993 | Daily temperature variation in remmitent fever is- | < 0.5 C | >1.0 C | <1.0C | >2 C | 1b | single | Remittent Fever is a type or pattern of fever in which temperature does not touch the baseline and remains above normal throughout the day. Daily variation in temperature is more than 1degC in 24 hours, which is also the main difference as compared to continuous fever.Fever due to most infectious diseases is remittent.... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
4a5bec2a-9a2e-495d-a684-b4f54e2b6c5b | Which of the following TCA cycle intermediate is a part of heme metabolism? | Alpha ketoglutarate | Fumarate | Succinyl CoA | Malate | 2c | single | Ans. (c) Succinyl CoARef: Harpers Biochemistry 30th Ed; Page No- 325Steps of Synthesis of Heme* To produce 1 molecule of heme, 8 molecules each of glycine and succinyl-CoA are required.* It is divided into1. Synthesis of Porphobilinogen (Monopyrrole)2. Synthesis of Uroporphyrinogen (Tetrapyrrole)3. Conversion of Uropor... | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids |
e22e624c-02d6-4e29-bba5-aa7767452fdc | Natural method of horizontal gene transfer among bacteria includes:
(A)Electroporation
(B)Transduction
(C)Transformation
(D)Conjugation
(E)Mutation | BCD | ACB | BCA | DAB | 0a | single | ACTINOMYCES
Morphology
o Gram positive
o Non motile
o Non sporing
o Non-acid fast
o Non-capsulated
o Filaments that break up into bacillary and coccoid elements.
Pathogenesis
o Actinomyces are members of normal oral flora and are often cultured from bronchi, GI. tract, and the
female genital tract.
o Actinomycosis in h... | Microbiology | null |
78297113-0858-403c-a55c-4093bed267e0 | The following can occur due to meningococcal infection- | Meningitis | Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome | Petechial hemorrhages | All of the above | 3d | multi | Meningococcemia Meningococcemia, like many other gram-negative blood infections, can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which is the inappropriate clotting of blood within the vessels. DIC can cause ischemic tissue damage when upstream thrombi obstruct blood flow and haemorrhage because clotting factor... | Medicine | Infection |
9f0197c2-214b-4b77-b387-d772aa720803 | Under RNTCP, augmentation of case finding activities through quality sputum microscopy to detect at least - | 60% | 70% | 85% | 95% | 1b | single | parks textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition *objectives of RNTCP are : (1)acheivement of atleast 85%cure rate of infeectious cases of tuberculosis ;through DOTS involving peripheral health functionaries . (2)augumentation of case finding activites through quality sputum microscopy to detect at least 7... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health programmes in India |
f30456db-62bb-43d2-bc91-8e77c1092888 | Ether was first used by: | Preistly | Moon | Wells | Simpson | 1b | single | Moon | Anaesthesia | null |
1537d19c-47b3-4a9a-a28e-a5b70a2f29f9 | Nerve supply of trapezius is by | Axillary | Musculocutaneous | Median | Spinal accessory nerve | 3d | single | the and sternocleidomastoid are supplied by spinal accessory nerve. Both of them develop from brachial arch mesoderm. The principal action of trapezius is to rotate scapula during abduction of arm beyond 90deg. Clinically the muscle is tested by asking the patient to shrug his shoulder against resistance. REF: BD Chaur... | Anatomy | Upper limb |
bbd3dc49-0ce0-4da7-a828-0360bc625964 | Lympho-venous anastomosis is done for | Filarial lymphedema | Lymphoid cyst | Cystic hygroma | Malignant lymphedema | 0a | single | . Lymphovenous shunt is a surgical procedure done in case of filarial lymphoedema using microscope.It is a bypass procedure. Other surgical modalities include charle's operation,Homan's operation,Sistrunk operation,Thompson's operation,Miller's procedure etc.. Refer page no 252 of SRB's manual of surgery 5 th edition. | Surgery | Vascular surgery |
19d1ea62-fbbb-4433-8fde-b39d409fceee | Which of the following is/are not local anesthesia: | Bupivacine | Mepivacine | Mivacurium | All | 2c | multi | C i.e. Mivacurium | Anaesthesia | null |
c9921c70-92a5-4232-a43b-f576099730f4 | Which of the following is the least common corneal dystrophy | Macular Dystrophy | Lattice type I | Lattice type III | Granular Corneal Dystrophy | 0a | single | A i.e. Macular Dystrophy | Ophthalmology | null |
059067ac-7fc1-4fb8-8439-ca2a67a57c9c | All are radiological features of Mitral stenosis except – | Straight left border of heart | Oligemia of upper lung fields | Pulmonary hemosiderosis | Lifting of left bronchus | 1b | multi | Radiological signs of mitral stenosis
Due to left atrial enlargement:- Straightening of left heart border, elevation of left main bronchus with the widening of the carina, double atrial shadow (Double density sign), posterior displacement of the esophagus on barium swallow, Prominent posterosuperior part of the cardia... | Radiology | null |
146f54ec-89c5-460d-99c4-fa5b4379a635 | All of the following are true about varicella Except | Period of communicability is 2 days after rash | All stages of rash are seen at the same time | Secondary attack rate is 90% | Rash commonly seen in flexor area | 0a | multi | - Period of communicability is 1 to 2 days before the appearance of rash and 4 to 5 days thereafter.- Incubation period 14-16 days (10-21)- The second attack rate in household contacts approaches 90%- In 10-30% may reactivate resulting in herpes zosterPark 23e pg: 144 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
ce670433-08ad-4f2e-84e0-12d4d6d7b4b9 | A 25-year-old female with history of multiple contacts presenting with growth on vulva, the probable diagnosis is: | Condyloma accuminata | Verruca plana | Verruca vulgaris | Condyloma lata | 0a | single | Ans. is a, i.e. Condyloma accuminataRef: Shaw 15th/ed, pl38, 139; Current diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, p92-93KEY POINTS* History of sexual exposure and growths on vulva is consistent with condyloma accuminata.* Condyloma accuminata:- It is a sexually transmitted diseaseQ caused by HPV 6Q, 1... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Sexually Transmitted Disease in the Female |
823672fa-e0e2-4ddc-afc5-cd3646bd0cb8 | Masculine voice in females is treated by | Thyroplasty type 1 | Thyroplasty type 2 | Thyroplasty type 3 | Thyroplasty type 4 | 2c | single | The masculine voice in females is treated by Thyroplasty type 3. It is used to shoen (relax) the vocal cord. Relaxation of vocal cord lowers the pitch. This procedure is done in mutational falsetto or in those who have undergone gender transformation from female to male. Ref: PL Dhingra Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat... | ENT | Larynx |
4bc3b91a-0dce-48c3-895a-25c7b626d9ae | Low risk type of HPV: | Type-16 | Type-6 | Type-18 | Type-31 | 1b | single | Ans. b. Type-6 | Microbiology | null |
4c0a6811-f929-4d9f-99a6-8348baad3947 | Case notification under international health regulations is done for which of the following: September 2009 | Hepatitis B | HIV | Yellow fever | All of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. C: Yellow fever | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
c1c24fde-a1db-404f-946f-ef5d33afd372 | Treatment of choice for acute panic attacks is - | Barbiturates | Benzodiazepines | TCAs | MAO inhibitors | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Benzodiazepines Treatment of Panic disorderso Two most effective treatment are:1) Pharmacotherapy:- The cornerstone of drug therapy is andidepressants. SSRIs (Fluoxetine or other) are the preferred agents. Because therapeutic effect of antidepressants takes some time to develop, intially Benzodiazepine... | Psychiatry | Panic Disorder |
729dc8b6-659f-427f-b71b-d45038c003de | A premature infant is more likely than a full term infant to - | Suffer from jaundice of hepatic origin | Maintain in normal body temperature in a cold environment | Excrete urine with a uniform specific gravity | Suffer from anaemia | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Suffer from jaundice of hepatic origin liver of premature (preterm) neonate is functionally immature that leads to hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) and poor detoxification of drugs. Problems of preterm (premature) babies o Bih asphyxia o ARDS (Hyaline membrane dis) o Hyperbilirubinemia o Hy... | Pediatrics | null |
24f3a6e0-d727-40ac-bbe4-331568c694e9 | A 24-year-old female graduate student repos increasing shoness of breath with exercise and has recently noticed dyspnea on mild activity. One day before presenting at the office, she experienced sudden loss of consciousness while shopping at a grocery store. On physical examination, vital signs are: pulse 88 bpm; tempe... | A loud A2 on cardiac auscultation | Right arm swelling | Rib notching | A loud P2 on cardiac auscultation | 0a | single | The lateral view shows that the anterior clear space behind the sternum is occupied above a poion of the lower one-third of the cardiac shadow. The truncus of the right pulmonary aery seen in front of the trachea is very large and the left main pulmonary aery coursing over the left upper lobe bronchus is greater than 1... | Radiology | Respiratory system |
3e1d3db7-0b85-4f99-b51e-e136d4653999 | What is the treatment modality for the following fracture? | Tension band wiring | External fixation | Plating | ORIF | 0a | single | Image shows patellar fracture. Tension band wiring is also used for: Patellar fracture Olecranon fracture Medial malleolus fracture Tension band wire are loop of wires passed around two bony fragments and then tightened to compress the fragments together. External fixation is done by using screws and is applicable to t... | Orthopaedics | Fracture Management |
f32cde34-a23b-4086-ac73-4816e7377cb9 | The effective range of revolver is:- | 30-35 m | 100-200 m | 1000 m | 3000 m | 1b | single | Weapon Effective range in metres Shot gun 30-35 Musket 90 Revolver 100 Pistol 100 Rifle 1000 Military rifle 3000 | Forensic Medicine | Ballistics |
76d03abb-2e5b-4d99-9f0b-66df99a9dfa9 | Denominator in case fatality rate | Mid year population | Population at risk | Number of cases | Number of deaths | 2c | single | Case fatality rate Total number of deaths due to a paicular disease ________________________________________ X 100 Total number of cases due to to the same disease Case fatality rate represents the killing power of a disease It is simply the ratio of deaths to cases The time interval is not specified Case fatality rate... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
fd30121a-7f66-43c5-839b-890ecee7dc80 | Which of the following is not an adverse effect of salbutomol | Tachycardia | Tolerance | Hypokaelemia | Hypoglycemia | 3d | single | Refer KDT 6/e p 127 Beta 2 agonists like salbutomol and terbutaline can cause several adverse effects like Tachycardia due to stimulation of chronotropin beta 2 receptors Tremors may result due to stimulation of muscle spindle Tolerance may develop due to desensitization of receptors | Pharmacology | Respiratory system |
ee42a4b6-2f72-4bf7-95de-35e1a18169ee | Molecular interaction, found in the structure ofDNA - | Hydrogen bond | Glycosidic bond | Covalent interactions | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is'd' i.e., All of the above | Biochemistry | null |
42734ceb-57ec-48cc-9cf8-fd71ad457eeb | Rabies free country is - | USA | Russia | Australia | France | 2c | single | <p>Rabies free zone "Rabies free area" is defined as the one in which no case of indigenously acquired rabies has occurred in man or any animal species for 2 years. In India, Union territory of lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar islands are free of disease. Australia,china,cyprus, iceland, Ireland, Japan , Malta,New Z... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
28367924-e541-4cef-a03a-ab49afb22b7f | Sarcoidosis is associated with | Cataract | Ectopia lentis | Anterior uveitis | Keratitis | 2c | single | Sarcoidosis -Can cause - Anterior uveitis (M /C)- Posterior uveitis- Intermediate uveitis- Pan uveitis M/C presentation - B/L Lymphadenopathy2nd m/c - uveitis C/F - Mutton fat keratic precipitates - Koppe's / busacca's nodules - Bilateral uveitis - Infiltration - Snowball/ string of pearl appearance - Candle wax drippi... | Ophthalmology | FMGE 2018 |
0a0196ec-8d3c-49ab-8483-2aaada0253f0 | Last to putrefy in male is: | Uterus | Prostate | Testes | Liver | 1b | single | Prostate | Forensic Medicine | null |
8d4886b5-7964-4063-b9d7-616518b77f78 | In retinal detachment: | Effusion of fluid into the suprachoroidal space | Retinoschisis | Separation of sensory retina from pigment epithelium | None of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. Separation of sensory retina from pigment epithelium | Ophthalmology | null |
61395f45-2c10-4241-97a7-47a6100d9726 | All of the following are predictive tests for PIH except | Rolling over test | Serum uricacid | Gain in weight > 2 kg in one month | Shake test | 3d | multi | Shake test or bubble test This is a useful bed side test rapidly performed with a fair degreeof accuracy.The test is based on the ability of pulmonary surfactant to form a foamor bubble on shaking which remains stable for atleast 15 mts.Increasing dilutions of amniotic fluid are mixed with 96%ethanol ,shaken for 15 s a... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Medical, surgical and gynaecological illness complicating pregnancy |
b7405022-cec9-4ccc-9609-b74baa254ed5 | Aery forming anastomosis around surgical neck humerus - | lst pa of axillary aery | 2nd pa of axillary aery | 3rd pa of axillary aery | Subclan aery | 2c | single | Ans. is'c'i.e., 3rd pa of axillary aeryAnastomosis around surgical neck of humerus is formed by -Anterior circumflex humeral aery.Posterior circumflex humeral aeryBoth are branches of 3rd pa of axillary aery. | Anatomy | null |
f513aeb0-fa55-41fb-a94c-e31c9ff2de29 | 5 year old Boy with something coming out of the anus with pedicle attached to rectal/ anal wall and bright red bleeding- most common diagnosis | Juvenile rectal Polyp | Pedicle pile | Fissure | CA Colon | 0a | multi | Answer- A. Juvenile rectal PolypJuvenile polyps are the most common type of childhood polyp, occurring in up to l% of preschool children. They are usually solitary polyps found in the rectum which most commonly present with rectal bleeding.These are hamaomatous pollps, which are usually pedunculated but can be sessile. | Surgery | null |
18b28933-ef8b-4e30-a4f9-c10150facece | Phaeochromocytoma arises from - | Adrenal gland | Mediastinum | Chest wall | Neck | 0a | multi | pheochromocytoma is a neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of adrenal gland ( Harrison 17pg 2270) | Medicine | Endocrinology |
19e5ba6b-8f40-4b75-8d1a-e1ae238c8069 | If the life style factor that is causing infeility in a young male is identified. Which of the following life style modification will have no effect? | Weight gain | Less exercise | Vegetarian diet | Weight loss | 2c | single | Ans. c. Vegetarian diet Vegetarian diet will have minimal or no effect on feility. 1 'Weight definitely matters when it comes to feility. Women who are overweight - or underweight - tend to have a more difficult time conceiving. The same goes for men, but more about that later.'- http //www early-pregnancy-tests com/ w... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
13a738bf-8e15-4955-a8d0-732b29f34850 | Peliosis hepatis is caused by all except- | Analgesics | Anabolic steroids | OC pills | Danazol | 0a | multi | Peliosis hepatitis is a rare condition in which there is primarily sinusoidal dilatation.
The liver contains blood-filled cystic spaces, either unlined or lined with sinusoidal endothelial cells.
Peliosis hepatitis is associated with many diseases including cancer, TB, AIDS or post-transplantation immunodeficiency. It ... | Pathology | null |
617e4af5-437c-4581-a679-fc29f0a7d182 | A Middle aged man comes to OPD with paraesthesia of hands and feet, hyperkeratosis of palms, rain drop pigmentation and transverse line on nails. Most likely the person is having - | Arsenic poisoning | Lead poisoning | Mercury poisoning | Cadmium poisoning | 0a | single | Arsenic Mechanism of Action * Arsenic reversibly combines with sulphydrl enzymes. It blocks Krebs cycle and interrupts oxidative phosphorylation causing depletion of ATP and death of cell. * It also inhibits transformation of thiamine into acetyl CoA and Succinyl -CoA resulting in thiamine deficiency. * It replaces the... | Forensic Medicine | Poisoning |
469672ec-b33f-4616-a914-8780a6b8f544 | Prostaglandin in cervical ripening - | PGE2 | PGF 2 alpha | Carboprost | PGE4 | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., PGE 2 Methods of Cervical RipeningPharmacological MethodsNon Pharmacological MethodsProstaglandinsStripping of the membraneso Dinoprostone (PGE2) : gel, tablet, suppositoryo Misoprostol (PGE1) : tabletAmniotomyOxytocinMechanical.' osmotic dilators (laminaria)Progesterone receptor antagonistMifepreston... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Induction of Labour |
f8891915-a255-42da-b9de-2376859bcafe | The end product of one stage fermentation is | Formic acid | Pyruvate | Lactate | Ethanol | 2c | single | All other guides have given ethanol as the answer to this question. Which is incorrect.
One stage fermentation here means fermentation of pyruvate in one stage.
When pyruvate is formed, it can have several fates.
Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the TCA cycle after conversion into acetyl CoA by PDH.
There are ... | Biochemistry | null |
e40b23e8-820b-46a1-8b41-b44a08bbca58 | Unsaturated fatty acids are converted to: | Prostaglandins | Cholesterol | Cell membrane lipid | Saturated fatty acid | 0a | single | A Harper, 26lh ed. p. 192 & 25th ed, p. 250 | Biochemistry | Lipids |
dbcc3722-a3eb-4303-8a87-d1c903c63f32 | Drug which do not cause hyperprolactinemia: | Bromocriptine | Haloperidol | Reserpine | Chlorpromazine | 0a | single | Ans. A. BromocriptineAll of the drugs listed are D2 blockers which are associated with hyperprolactinemia except bromocriptine which is D 2 agonist. | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
c117e1b8-d18e-40b7-9b6d-d2c58fdb1ec9 | The commonest site of contrecoup fracture in an occipital fall is | Parietal bone | Temporal bone | Orbital roof | Ethmoidal bone | 2c | multi | MC site for contrecoup injury is the Frontal lobes (tips of the frontal poles/orbital surface) and may be symmetrical, if a person falls on the occiput. In temporal or parietal impacts, the contrecoup lesions are usually on the contralateral surface ofthe brain. It is rare for a fall on the frontal region to produce oc... | Forensic Medicine | Regional injuries |
d2e8b4e1-155b-4b5b-99c7-588369b59698 | Gonococci have affinity for - | Vaginal mucosa | Epithelium of urethra | Testis | All of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Epithelium of urethra "The pili of gonococcus has affinity for the columnar epithelium of urethra". -- Richard M Hyde"Virulent gonococci have affinity to adhere to urethral epithelial cells even in the presence of the violent flushing of urine".* N. gonorrhoeae is exclusively (obligate) a human pathog... | Microbiology | Bacteria |
fe9cafca-320d-47e2-a47b-3c40dd83e817 | Which muscle of larynx is not supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve ? | Vocalis | Thyroarytenoid | Cricothyroid | Interarytenoid | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cricothyroid All intrinsic muscles are supplied by the reccurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid which is supplied by the external laryngeal nerve | Anatomy | null |
a78ee142-0316-4956-b077-3306e8d0e9ca | Infantile myocarditis and pericarditis is due to | Coxsackie A | Coxsackie B | Mumps | Pox virus | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Coxsackie B o The commonest cause of myocarditis is coxsackie B infection, which occurs any where from the age of a few hours to 7 weeks, with a peak around two weeks. | Pediatrics | null |
5b893c2d-f342-4b40-a6e3-5eea5e91d393 | Surgical treatment of parotid tumor involving the deep lobe is - | Total parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation | Total parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifise | Sub total parotidectomy | Subtotal parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifise | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Total parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation Surgical treatment of Salivary malignancieso The primary treatment of salivary malignancies is surgical excision.o In this setting, basic surgical principles include the en bloc removal of the involved gland with preservation of all nerves unless dire... | ENT | Oral Cavity |
6e87c994-3c48-4e7a-9e8f-09767080d2a1 | Senile vaginitis is due to : | Gonococcal infection | Cancer cervix | Diabetes | Oestrogen deficiency | 3d | single | Oestrogen deficiency | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
ebe200a8-607c-48be-af14-63e707635206 | True regarding Mitral valve prolapse syndrome is all, EXCEPT- | More common in female | Mostly symptomatic | High incidence of arrhythmia | Transient cerebral ischemia can occur | 1b | multi | Answer is B (Mostly Symptomatic) Most patients are asymptamatic and remain so for their entire lives) | Medicine | null |
5de609bd-fb06-468a-83fb-943715177a42 | A woman runs a marathon in 90degF weather and replaces all volume lost in sweat by drinking distilled water. After the marathon, she will have | Decreased total body water (TBW) | Decreased hematocrit | Decreased intracellular fluid (ICF) volume | Decreased plasma osmolarity | 3d | multi | By sweating and then replacing all volume by drinking H2O, the woman has a net loss of NaCl without a net loss of H2O. Therefore, her extracellular and plasma osmolarity will be decreased, and as a result, water will flow from extracellular fluid (ECF) to intracellular fluid (ICF). The intracellular osmolarity will als... | Physiology | Body fluid compaments |
2574f9e5-09d9-4694-b92d-aa58b3921dd2 | Example of metallo enzyme is ? | Lysyl oxidase | Lysyl hydroxylase | Prolyl hydroxylase | Glucosyl transferase | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lysyl oxidaseLysyl oxidase is a metalloenzyme (copper containing | Biochemistry | null |
a4ccd82c-d8c1-4d54-9c72-792b7acfaa73 | A 55 year old man who has been on bed rest for the past 10 days, complain of breathlessness and chest pain. The chest X-ray is normal. The next step in the investigation should be – | Lung ventilation – perfusion scan | Pulmonary arteriography | Pulmonary venous wedge angiography | Echocardiography | 0a | multi | This patient has a high clinical likelihood of pulmonary embolism because clinical assessment score is more than 4:-
Signs & symptoms of PE (Breathlessness & chest pain) → score 3.0
Immobilization (bed rest) > 3 days → score 1.5
So, the total score is 4.5. Therefore, imaging test should be done. CT contrast is the ... | Radiology | null |
c4958b4d-d78b-42ed-9b60-7bfb9561263d | Estrogen is secreted during pregnancy, mostly by- | Maternal ovary | Fetal ovary' | Pituitary | Hypothalamus | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e, Maternal ovary o The enlarged corpus luteum of pregnancy secretes estrogens, progesterone, and relaxin.o The relaxin helps maintain pregnancy by inhibiting myometrial contractions.o In most species, removal of the ovaries at any time during pregnancy precipitates abortion,o In humans, however, the plac... | Physiology | Sex Hormones |
3dbd274a-a213-44f7-a7a9-4143bd71c2c7 | All of the following nerves pass through Jugular foramen except - | 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th | 3d | multi | Structures passing through jugular foramen :-
Anterior part :- Inferior petrosal sinus
Middle part :- Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve, vagus (X) nerve, accessory (XI) nerve
Posterior part :- Sigmoid sinus continues as internal jugular vein (Sigmoid sinus- IJV junction), meningeal branch of occipital artery. | Anatomy | null |
3655bbfb-9c83-4b6f-8f2e-60512e647553 | An adult old man gets burn injury to his hands. Over a few weeks, the burned skin heals without the need for skin grafting. The most critical factor responsible for the rapid healing in this case is - | Remnant skin appendages | Underlying connective tissues | Minimal edema and erythema | Granulation tissue | 0a | single | The skin consists of two layers
1. Epidermis
Most superficial layer of the skin. It is constantly replaced from the basal layer.
2. Dermis
It is thicker than epidermis and supplies the strength and integrity to the skin
It has a rich blood supply
It contains adnexal structures i.e.→ Hair follicles, Sebaceous glands... | Pathology | null |
1f80f466-553a-4059-9ad3-f5188f883037 | Which of the following is a dimorphic | Rhizopus | Sporothrix schenckii | Tinea versicolor | Microsporum | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sporothrix schenckii | Microbiology | null |
7a41bf21-264a-4e56-b2ba-9a2973866633 | Bleuler's symptoms of schizophrenia include all except: | Autism | Automatism | Affect disturbance | Loosening of association | 1b | multi | Bleuler proposed four symptoms of schizophrenia. which were called as fundamental (or primary) symptoms of schizophrenia. These symptoms are also known as 4 A's of Bleuler. They include: A. Autistic thinking and behaviour (Autism) B. Ambivalence C. Affect disturbances D. Association disturbances Automatisms are usually... | Psychiatry | Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders |
aa01c524-434f-40b8-a0a7-f9f17ba4eecb | Nissl's bodies located intracytoplasmic are in | Perikaryon of neuron | Smooth muscle | Skeletal muscle | Cardiac muscle | 0a | single | Nissl bodiesLarge granular bodies that stain with basic dyes, forming the reticular substance of the cytoplasm of neurons, composed of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free polyribosomes.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition | Physiology | Endocrinology |
dd05e9c6-00f5-4145-9830-a7dd90e1adc4 | A 6-year-old child presents with abnormal twitching of the face during sleep, which is noticed by the mother. EEG shows spikes over the centro temporal area. What is the diagnosis? | GTCS | Rolandic epilepsy | Absence seizure | Subtle seizure | 1b | single | Benign Rolandic epilepsy MC epilepsy in children = Benign Rolandic epilepsy Benign childhood epilepsy with centro temporal spikes presents in children between 2-13 years. Seizures occur in sleep and focal seizures Self-limiting course by adolescence Inter-ictal EEG shows spike over centro temporal or Rolandic area Rx: ... | Medicine | Epilepsy and EEG |
7228966b-d5ea-4549-8e82-c21d9127e9e1 | Tuberculosis pleural effusion is characterized by all EXCEPT: March 2013 (d) | LDH > 60% of serum LDH | Hemorrhagic fluid | Increased mesothelial cells | Increased deaminase | 2c | multi | Ans. C i.e. Increased mesothelial cells | Medicine | null |
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