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135
6baabbb7-cbab-4ddb-8a82-83687e116a0e
Hyponasal voice is seen in all except
Adenoids
Nasal Polyp
Cleft palate
Habitual
2c
multi
Causes of hyponasality are Common cold Nasal allergy Nasal polyp Nasal growth Adenoids Nasopharyngeal mass Familial speech pattern Habitual Ref: PL Dhingra; Textbook of EAR, NOSE and THROAT; edition 7; Page - 357
ENT
Larynx
7ec1e96c-a46b-47ad-8c5f-2853ea2435b6
False about malignant mesothelioma:
It is the most common tumor of the pleura
More common in males
Serpentine type is most commonly associated than Amphibole type of asbestos
Vimetin cell marker is positive
2c
multi
Amphibole or Cxocidolite are straight and can travel distally when compared to curved serpentine type of asbestos fibres. Therefore Amphibole type is more commonly associated with malignant mesothelioma. And most of the patients are asymptomatic. Therefore there is no need of surgery.
Surgery
null
3e870ac4-6b26-47c4-a3b9-597951c0bafb
International prognostic index for lymphomas includes the following prognostic factors except
Stage of disease
Number of extralymphatic sites involved
LDH
Hemoglobin and albumin
3d
multi
Hemoglobin and albumin The international prognostic index (HI) designed as prognostic factor model for aggressive NHL also appears to be useful for predicting the outcomes of: - Clinical features included in the IPI that are independently predictive of survival include the following : - Age --> Younger than 60 years ve...
Pediatrics
null
0e78b5ba-ae96-4c49-b9ed-cff084e29e91
For dowry death punishment is :
3 years imprisonment + Rs. 10,000/
5 years imprisonment + Rs. 15,000/-
> 7 years imprisonment + Rs. 20,000/-
2 years imprisonment + Rs. 15,000/-
2c
single
C i.e. 7 years imprisonment+Rs 20,000/ -
Forensic Medicine
null
adbe080f-bf0a-4421-8b67-fac73510414b
Anterior relations of right ureter are all EXCEPT
Gonadal vessels
Root of mesentery
Ileocolic vessels
Bifurcation of right common iliac aery
3d
multi
Abdominal aery divides into common iliac aery which divides into external and internal iliac aeries. Gonadal aeries crosses ureter anteriorly. Right colic aery a branch of superior mesentric aery crosses ureter anteriorly. Left colic aery branch of inferior mesentric aery crosses ureter anteriorly. But bifurcation of r...
Anatomy
GIT 1
d1a431d5-08e3-45f4-90cd-6d4c07aa1ddc
Most common metnhod of anterior capsulotomy in phacoemulsification -
Can-opener capsulotomy
Intercapsular capsulotomy
Capsulorhexis
Envelop capsulotomy
2c
single
The most commonly used technique for anterior capsulotomy during phacoemulsification is continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) (Ref: Clinical ophthalmology p.312)
Ophthalmology
Lens
dd3912ac-984d-408b-b352-0260261e839f
A female presented with severe headache of sudden onset. On CT scan a diagnosis of subarachnoid heamorrhage is made. The most common site of subarachnoid haemorrhage is -
Middle meningeal aery
Berry aneurysm rupture
Basilar aery
Subdural venous sinuses
1b
single
Ans. is ' b' ie. Berry Aneurysm rupture "Excluding head trauma the most common cause of SAH is rupture of a saccular aneurysm (Berry aneurysm or congenital aneurysm)."
Surgery
null
395a1598-58e2-4695-a782-23e0758c00b5
18 year old girl with circumscribed bald patch with no organic disease & no behavioural disorder has -
Depression
Trichotillomania
OCD
Phobia
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Trichotillomania o As there is no organic or behavioral disorders, this girl is suffering with impulse control disorder of compulsive hair pulling, known as Trichotillomania.Impulse control disordero These disorders are characterized by failure to resist an impulsive behavior that may be harmful to se...
Psychiatry
Mood Disorders
f0d312f8-19d3-41b9-8ff0-09d8921d4d4e
Tertiary vitreous is represented by-
Zonular system
Ciliary body
Anterior uvea
Lens
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Zonular system 'Tertiary vitreous indicates the zonular system. The primary and secondary vitreous are stages in development of vitreous. However the tertiary vitreous i.e. the zonules are named so only because of their proximity to the vitreous'* The tertiary vitreous or the zonular system includes :...
Ophthalmology
Vitreous
e4dc8349-dc98-4002-af0e-91a599a06b80
Albumin does not pass through the glomerulus due to the presence of?
Proteoglycans
Glycolipid
Phospholipid
Carbohydrates
0a
single
Ans. a (Proteoglycans). (Ref. Ganong, Physiology, 21st/pg.710)Albumin is small plasma protein with molecular weight 69,000.The basement portion of glomerulus is lined by proteoglycans that have strong negative electrical charge and the plasma proteins also have strong negative electrical charge and therefore albumin is...
Physiology
Kidneys and Body Fluids
c6315b36-0fa9-4a7f-8097-7b2db24509df
All the following statements are true about pertussis except:
SAR is > 90%
There is no Subclinical or Chronic Carrier state
Leucocytosis correlates with the severity of cough
Doc is erythromycin
2c
multi
Leucocytosis does not correlate with the severity of cough.
Medicine
null
812b6d9b-624b-46d5-9e1f-82d4817d4399
Most impoant amino acid for formation Neutrophilic extracellular trap (NET) is?
Leucine
Methionine
Citrulline
Valine
2c
single
Conversion of arginine residues to citrulline in the histones is an essential step in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. The nuclear chromatin in the NETs, which includes histones and associated DNA, may be a source of nuclear antigens in systemic autoimmune diseases, paicularly lupus, in which individual...
Pathology
Oxygen dependent bacterial killing
ace9d664-9d76-4021-8ae2-896757fa8158
Locate the renal stone with pain radiating to medial side of thigh and perineum due to slipping of stone in males ?
At pelvic brim
Intramural opening of ureter
Junction of ureter and renal pelvis
At crossing of gonadal vessels and ureter
0a
single
Ans is 'a' ie at pelvic brim The clinician is able to judge the position of the stone by the history of pain - Position of stone Site of Pain * At PUJ or upper ureter Pain radiates to the testicles * At middle of the ureter (ie at crossing of gonadal vessels and ureter) Pain is referred to Mc Burneys point on the right...
Surgery
null
f7320c8f-3489-43db-8a71-cd0df79acafd
On MRI, the differential diagnosis of spinal cord edema is:
Myelodysplasia
Myelomalacia
Myeloschisis
Cord tumors
1b
single
Myelomalacia is a increased T2w signal in the spinal cord where the spinal cord is atrophic with gliosis producing small and bright appearence of spinal cord
Radiology
Musculoskeletal Radiology
85b8234a-7fcb-4fab-afde-a45b9ab566f8
Grade 3 endometrial tumors according to FIGO staging is
<5% non squamous or non morular growth pattern
6%-50% non squamous or non morular growth pattern
>50% non squamous or non morular growth pattern
>75% non squamous or non morular growth pattern
2c
single
The differentiation of a carcinoma, expressed as its grade, is determined by architectural growth pattern and nuclear features. In the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grading system proposed in 1989, tumors are grouped into three grades: grade 1, 5% or less of the tumor shows a solid growth...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Gynaecological oncology
47617f87-b6d9-4af5-ad56-89aa1d9fe7d2
Comparison of efficacy of a new drug B with an existing drug A is done in which phase of clinical trials?
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV
2c
single
"The purpose of phase III trials is to obtain adequate data about the efficacy and safety of drugs in a larger number of patients of either sex in multiple centres usually in comparison with the standard drug." Phase I: Human Pharmacology (Non-therapeutic trials): Done in healthy persons Phase II: Therapeutic explorato...
Pharmacology
CLINICAL TRIALS, DRUG LABEL
adc5b3fe-8368-4e88-97e1-1e49dc3765d2
Attacks of flushing and cyanosis occur in which type of ovarian tumors :
Struma ovarii
Krukenberg's tumor
Arrhenoblastoma
Carcinoid tumors of ovary
3d
single
Ans. is d i.e. Carcinoid Tumor Carcinoid tumour of Ovary : It is sometimes primary and sometimes metastatic. Also called Argentaffinoma Occurs as a malignant change in benign dermoid cyst. Presence of solid yellow tumour with histological propey of reducing silver salts derived from specialized Kultchitsky cells of int...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
741f99ce-a86a-4c56-9a3b-0f4e25ddc0fa
Which of the following aminoacids have maximum buffering capacity at PH 7?
Lysine
Arginine
Histidine
Glycine
2c
single
pKa of histidine is 6.5 - 7.4. It allows for maximum buffering capacity at neutral pH.
Biochemistry
null
c6b85368-d8fe-4c98-822a-b583a16add40
A 23 years old male presents with ingrown nail. The ingrown nail was removed after administering a ring block. The mechanism of action of the local anesthetic used is
Opening of sodium channels
Blockage of activated sodium channels
Increased frequency of GABA activated chloride channels
Increased duration of GABA activated chloride channels
1b
single
Answer: b) Blockage of activated sodium channelsLOCAL ANESTHETICSInterfere with the excitation process in a nerve membrane in one or more of the following ways:Altering the basic resting potential of the nerve membraneAltering the threshold potential (firing level)Decreasing the rate of depolarizationProlonging the rat...
Anaesthesia
Local and Regional Anesthesia
5c9c9e06-f787-4ad1-abed-6ffd7f20b57b
Which of the following is not component of acinus?
Pulmonary lobule
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sac
0a
single
Ans. is `a' i.e., Pulmonary lobule o Pulmonary lobule is not a component of acinus, rather cluster of 3-5 terminal bronchioles with acinus form pulmonary lobule. Respiratory tract anatomy o Progressive branching of bronchi forms bronchioles. o Fuher branching of bronchioles leads to terminal bronchioles. o Terminal bro...
Pathology
null
1ba134e0-b45e-41c7-a5cf-40c23fed9526
Oral and topical drug for nasal decongestion is -
Phenylephrine
Histamine
Methoxamine
Dopamine
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Phenylephrine Phenytephrineo It is selective alpha 1 agonist.o Topically it is used as nasal decongestant and in eye for producing mydriasis when cycloplegia is not required,o It is also a part of oral nasal decongestant preparations.
Pharmacology
Adrenergic System
0e3c0f24-54f7-46cc-b155-76cfc7879009
In pulmonary embolism, findings in perfusion scan isa) Perfusion segmental defectb) Perfusion defect with normal lung scan & radiographyc) Tenting of diaphragmd) Normal chest scan
abd
bcd
abc
ab
0a
single
At least 2% of patients with PE have normal V/Q scan and 4% of patients with normal V/Q scan have pulmonary embolism. 41% of patients with PE have high probability scan which includes 2 or more segmental perfusion defects with normal chest radiograph and normal lung ventilation scan.
Radiology
null
6dc6a03b-6164-4ba6-9bb3-0173b03de1bb
CD4 is not impoant for which of the following
Antibody production
Cytotoxicity of TCells
Memory B cells
None
3d
multi
Ref Robbins 9/e p198 CD4 is a co-receptor of the T cell receptor (TCR) and assists the latter in communicating with antigen-presenting cells. The TCR complex and CD4 each bind to distinct regions of the antigen-presenting MHCII molecule - a1/b1 and b2, respectively. In CD4 the interaction involves its extracellular D1 ...
Anatomy
General anatomy
054f8ee1-9eaf-4e4b-b623-d4479986f006
Regarding hepatobiliary disease, which of the following statements is true?
Hepatitis B is the most common viral cause of cirrhosis worldwide
Fewer than 5% of patients with chronic hepatitis C will develop cirrhosis
In India, hepatitis B is transmitted primarily by the feco-oral route
Hepatitis C is a more frequent cause for fulminant hepatitis than hepatitis B infection
0a
multi
Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is a major global health problem. It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 868
Medicine
Miscellaneous
d56d3fb2-cc57-4f0b-aeea-8341f2eafc72
In chronic glomerulonephritis the best urinary finding is
Albumin
Bacteria
Fixed Specific Gravity
RBC casts
2c
single
In chonic glomerulonephritis the best urinary finding is low Fixed Specific Gravity.    While in acute glomerulonephritis, most characteristic is Erythrocyte casts in urine.
Medicine
null
363e1162-d60c-4a1d-81e2-7f978b26641d
A child presents with recurrent bouts of severe cough followed by an audible whoop. Which of the following is considered the best type of specimen to isolate the organism and confirm the diagnosis?
Nasopharyngeal swab
Cough plate
Throat Swabs
Anterior Nasal Swab
0a
single
Child in the question is showing features of whooping cough. Definitive diagnosis of whooping cough can be made after isolating Bordetella peussis from the respiratory tract. Either nasopharyngeal swab or nasopharyngeal aspirate is taken for sampling. Ref: Whooping Cough By Patrick G. Guilfoile, David Heymann, Hilary B...
Pediatrics
null
94e91aa1-baaf-4545-aa8a-04d2af59cc89
Best site for taking biopsy for viral oesophagitis is?
Edge of ulcer
Base of ulcer
Adjacent indurated area around ulcer
Surrounding normal mucosa
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Edge of the ulcer o In viral esophagitis d/t Herpes simplex the biopsy sample is taken from the edge of the ulcer.
Pathology
null
a4a6cc05-724d-4f09-914e-7d8578ea81e7
All are TRUE about protease activated receptors, EXCEPT:
Family of three seven transmembrane protein
Activated by thrombin
Releases PGE2
Protects epithelial cells
0a
multi
Protease activated receptors (PARs), a family of four seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, PAR4), act as targets for signalling by various proteolytic enzymes (thrombin, trypsin). PARs are characterized by a unique activation mechanism involving the proteolytic unmasking of a tethered liga...
Physiology
null
e0322e0c-79ad-415a-a951-331295758133
Period of immobilization indicated in a young adult patient with a fracture of the angle, receiving early treatment in which tooth is retained in fracture line:
3 weeks.
4 weeks.
5 weeks
6 weeks.
1b
single
Period of immobilization for fractures of tooth-bearing areas of mandible. Young adult with fracture of the angle receiving early treatment in which tooth removed from fracture line= 3 weeks If tooth retained in fracture line - 1 week is added. (3+1= 4 weeks) If fracture occurs at the symphysis - 1 week is added. (4+1...
Surgery
null
de852976-c2e9-4951-ba58-794ac7da1382
Tuberculoid leprosy is characterised by?
Non caseating granuloma in nerve
Sub epidermall free zone
Bacilli in skin
Skin caseation
0a
multi
A. i.e. Non caseating granuloma in nerve
Skin
null
caa327fb-0ebb-4384-8d98-073e05a55bf9
Carbonic anhydrase is which type of enzyme ?
Coenzyme
Metalloenzyme
Serine protease
Endopeptidase
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Metalloenzyme The active site of carbonic anhydrase contains a zinc ion, they are therefore classified as metalloenzymes.
Biochemistry
null
3b88cdc2-5f71-48e5-bacb-0808f1277b31
Most common presentation of intracranial aneurysm is -
Coarctation of aoa
Systemic hypeension
Hypotension
Intracranial haemorrhage
3d
single
Most unruptured intracranial aneurysms are completely asymptomatic. Symptoms are usually due to rupture and resultant sub-archnoid hemorrhage." - Harrison Ref : Harrison 17/e p1727
Surgery
Head and neck
12c4935d-3d56-4e93-b4d0-60a78881f32f
Hyperkeratosis is:
Thinning of Stratum corneum
Thickening of stratum corneum
Thinning of stratum basale
Thickening of stratum basale
1b
single
Ans. (b) Thickening of stratum corneumRef: Fitzpatrick 7th ed. / 384
Skin
General
686f25e8-32f5-4bf2-a2d5-53c026e3f4c6
A newborn has a posterior mediastinal cystic mass with several veebral anomalies. The most likely diagnosis would be which of the following?
Neuroblastoma
Bronchogenic cyst
Neuroenteric cyst
Myelocele
2c
single
Neuroenteric cyst / esophageal duplication cyst is round or tubular lesion occurring in the lower posterior mediastinum, which often disto esophagus but only rarely communicate with the esophageal lumen a chest x-ray may show a right-sided mediastinal mass and associated veebral anomalies like hemiveebra, block veebra,...
Physiology
All India exam
426786cf-23b8-42fc-89ef-575ed4a52953
Cholecystectomy may lead to increased risk of :
Proximal colon cancer
CA pancreas
Hepatic cancer
Cholangiocarcinoma
0a
single
Bile acids can Induce hyperproliferation of the intestinal mucosa a number of intracellular mechanisms Cholecystectomy, which alters the enterohepatic cycle of bile acids, has been associated with a moderately increased risk of proximal colon cancers. It cannot be ruled out, however, that it is less the effect of the c...
Surgery
G.I.T
c20c457c-2038-4ce1-bb1f-86446703de74
Which of the following is not true about medullary carcinoma of thyroid?
Metastases to bone are osteoblastic
Carcinoembryonic antigen is a better predictor of prognosis compared to calcitonin
Medullary carcinomas of thyroid are not hormone dependent
FNAC cannot be used for diagnosis
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., FNAC cannot be used for diagnosis Medullary Ca of thyroid* Are neuroendocrine neoplasms derived from the calcitonin secreting parafollicular cells (C cells) of thyroid which in turn are derived from the ultimobranchial bodies (These C cells are concentrated superlaterally in the thyroid lobes, which i...
Surgery
Thyroid Gland
b6f74e46-0de0-4fa0-8902-2a4d52c90430
Which of the following is not a feature of Phenylketonuria?
Severe mental retardation
Reduced tendon reflexes
Hypopigmentation in skin
Hair loss
1b
single
Ans. B. Reduced tendon reflexesPhenylketonuria (PKU), is caused by phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency, is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism. The results of a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) impairs the body's ability to metabolize the essential amino acid phenylalanine. Th...
Pediatrics
Genetics And Genetic Disorders
01d4bd32-03a0-4358-a97a-d97c1e25c2d1
All of the the following is seen after massive small bowel resection, except
Increase in length of the bowel
Villous hyperophy
Mucosal hyperplasia
Decrease in surface area per cell
0a
multi
.SHO BOWEL SYNDROME * It is the symptom complex after massive small bowel resection, i.e. resection more than 70% of the bowel. Minimum bowel required is 1.2 meters. Extensive bowel necrosis is the finding often observed which needs massive bowel resection that leads to sho bowel syndrome which is difficult to manage o...
Surgery
G.I.T
fcce1d1d-6c71-48ed-8063-9b2f28c76f8e
What is the situation of the knot of ligature in cases of typical hanging?
In front of chin
Angle of mandible
Occiput
Mastoid
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Occiput Typical hanging : The ligature runs from the midline above the thyroid cailage, symmetrically upward on both side of neck to the occipital region, the point of suspension (knot of ligature) being on occiput (at nape of neck). Atypical hanging : Any variation from typical knot site (i.e. other ...
Forensic Medicine
null
d457b779-e63c-4467-9ead-d36728ca1c54
Pupil in acute attack of Anterior Uveitis is –a) Semi Dilatedb) Large and fixedc) Irregular & constrictedd) Constricted & sluggish reacting
cd
bc
bd
ac
0a
single
There is a narrowing of the pupil (miosis) due to irritation of sphincter pupillae by toxins. Iris edema and engorged radial vessels of iris also contribute to making the pupil narrow. The shape of pupil becomes irregular due to segmental posterior synechiae. The papillary reaction becomes sluggish or may even be absen...
Ophthalmology
null
f7efb36c-c1ba-40f3-9f13-558e0d775b15
When the rectum is inflated with air through a rectal tube, pain and tenderness occur in the right iliac fossa in case of appenidicitis. This is known as?
Aaron's sign
Battle's sign
Bastedo's sign
Mc Burney's sign
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bastedo's sign
Surgery
null
c8263e8a-ccc9-4d53-baf9-31d16f2854db
Jamais vu is -
Illusion that what one is hearing, one has heard previously
A unfamiliar thought regarded as repetition of a previous thought
Unfamiliar situations or events feel strangely familiar
Feeling of strangeness to familiar situation
3d
single
Ans. D. Feeling of strangeness to familiar situationfamais vu :- A feeling of strangeness to familiar situations or events.
Psychiatry
null
d9078d9b-4b19-4d9c-84f2-14947262f352
All are true about components of Virchow’s triad except?
Vasculitis
Increased Protein C
Stasis in veins
Turbulence in artery
1b
multi
Virchow's Triad (in thrombosis) includes: 1. Endothelial injury 2. Stasis or turbulent blood flow 3. Hypercoagulability
Pathology
null
47cb3567-32de-4053-bec9-24b92e006993
Daily temperature variation in remmitent fever is-
< 0.5 C
>1.0 C
<1.0C
>2 C
1b
single
Remittent Fever is a type or pattern of fever in which temperature does not touch the baseline and remains above normal throughout the day. Daily variation in temperature is more than 1degC in 24 hours, which is also the main difference as compared to continuous fever.Fever due to most infectious diseases is remittent....
Medicine
Miscellaneous
4a5bec2a-9a2e-495d-a684-b4f54e2b6c5b
Which of the following TCA cycle intermediate is a part of heme metabolism?
Alpha ketoglutarate
Fumarate
Succinyl CoA
Malate
2c
single
Ans. (c) Succinyl CoARef: Harpers Biochemistry 30th Ed; Page No- 325Steps of Synthesis of Heme* To produce 1 molecule of heme, 8 molecules each of glycine and succinyl-CoA are required.* It is divided into1. Synthesis of Porphobilinogen (Monopyrrole)2. Synthesis of Uroporphyrinogen (Tetrapyrrole)3. Conversion of Uropor...
Biochemistry
Proteins and Amino Acids
e22e624c-02d6-4e29-bba5-aa7767452fdc
Natural method of horizontal gene transfer among bacteria includes: (A)Electroporation (B)Transduction (C)Transformation (D)Conjugation (E)Mutation
BCD
ACB
BCA
DAB
0a
single
ACTINOMYCES Morphology o Gram positive o Non motile o Non sporing o Non-acid fast o Non-capsulated o Filaments that break up into bacillary and coccoid elements. Pathogenesis o Actinomyces are members of normal oral flora and are often cultured from bronchi, GI. tract, and the female genital tract. o Actinomycosis in h...
Microbiology
null
78297113-0858-403c-a55c-4093bed267e0
The following can occur due to meningococcal infection-
Meningitis
Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome
Petechial hemorrhages
All of the above
3d
multi
Meningococcemia Meningococcemia, like many other gram-negative blood infections, can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which is the inappropriate clotting of blood within the vessels. DIC can cause ischemic tissue damage when upstream thrombi obstruct blood flow and haemorrhage because clotting factor...
Medicine
Infection
9f0197c2-214b-4b77-b387-d772aa720803
Under RNTCP, augmentation of case finding activities through quality sputum microscopy to detect at least -
60%
70%
85%
95%
1b
single
parks textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition *objectives of RNTCP are : (1)acheivement of atleast 85%cure rate of infeectious cases of tuberculosis ;through DOTS involving peripheral health functionaries . (2)augumentation of case finding activites through quality sputum microscopy to detect at least 7...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Health programmes in India
f30456db-62bb-43d2-bc91-8e77c1092888
Ether was first used by:
Preistly
Moon
Wells
Simpson
1b
single
Moon
Anaesthesia
null
1537d19c-47b3-4a9a-a28e-a5b70a2f29f9
Nerve supply of trapezius is by
Axillary
Musculocutaneous
Median
Spinal accessory nerve
3d
single
the and sternocleidomastoid are supplied by spinal accessory nerve. Both of them develop from brachial arch mesoderm. The principal action of trapezius is to rotate scapula during abduction of arm beyond 90deg. Clinically the muscle is tested by asking the patient to shrug his shoulder against resistance. REF: BD Chaur...
Anatomy
Upper limb
bbd3dc49-0ce0-4da7-a828-0360bc625964
Lympho-venous anastomosis is done for
Filarial lymphedema
Lymphoid cyst
Cystic hygroma
Malignant lymphedema
0a
single
. Lymphovenous shunt is a surgical procedure done in case of filarial lymphoedema using microscope.It is a bypass procedure. Other surgical modalities include charle's operation,Homan's operation,Sistrunk operation,Thompson's operation,Miller's procedure etc.. Refer page no 252 of SRB's manual of surgery 5 th edition.
Surgery
Vascular surgery
19d1ea62-fbbb-4433-8fde-b39d409fceee
Which of the following is/are not local anesthesia:
Bupivacine
Mepivacine
Mivacurium
All
2c
multi
C i.e. Mivacurium
Anaesthesia
null
c9921c70-92a5-4232-a43b-f576099730f4
Which of the following is the least common corneal dystrophy
Macular Dystrophy
Lattice type I
Lattice type III
Granular Corneal Dystrophy
0a
single
A i.e. Macular Dystrophy
Ophthalmology
null
059067ac-7fc1-4fb8-8439-ca2a67a57c9c
All are radiological features of Mitral stenosis except –
Straight left border of heart
Oligemia of upper lung fields
Pulmonary hemosiderosis
Lifting of left bronchus
1b
multi
Radiological signs of mitral stenosis Due to left atrial enlargement:- Straightening of left heart border, elevation of left main bronchus with the widening of the carina, double atrial shadow (Double density sign), posterior displacement of the esophagus on barium swallow, Prominent posterosuperior part of the cardia...
Radiology
null
146f54ec-89c5-460d-99c4-fa5b4379a635
All of the following are true about varicella Except
Period of communicability is 2 days after rash
All stages of rash are seen at the same time
Secondary attack rate is 90%
Rash commonly seen in flexor area
0a
multi
- Period of communicability is 1 to 2 days before the appearance of rash and 4 to 5 days thereafter.- Incubation period 14-16 days (10-21)- The second attack rate in household contacts approaches 90%- In 10-30% may reactivate resulting in herpes zosterPark 23e pg: 144
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
ce670433-08ad-4f2e-84e0-12d4d6d7b4b9
A 25-year-old female with history of multiple contacts presenting with growth on vulva, the probable diagnosis is:
Condyloma accuminata
Verruca plana
Verruca vulgaris
Condyloma lata
0a
single
Ans. is a, i.e. Condyloma accuminataRef: Shaw 15th/ed, pl38, 139; Current diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, p92-93KEY POINTS* History of sexual exposure and growths on vulva is consistent with condyloma accuminata.* Condyloma accuminata:- It is a sexually transmitted diseaseQ caused by HPV 6Q, 1...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Sexually Transmitted Disease in the Female
823672fa-e0e2-4ddc-afc5-cd3646bd0cb8
Masculine voice in females is treated by
Thyroplasty type 1
Thyroplasty type 2
Thyroplasty type 3
Thyroplasty type 4
2c
single
The masculine voice in females is treated by Thyroplasty type 3. It is used to shoen (relax) the vocal cord. Relaxation of vocal cord lowers the pitch. This procedure is done in mutational falsetto or in those who have undergone gender transformation from female to male. Ref: PL Dhingra Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat...
ENT
Larynx
4bc3b91a-0dce-48c3-895a-25c7b626d9ae
Low risk type of HPV:
Type-16
Type-6
Type-18
Type-31
1b
single
Ans. b. Type-6
Microbiology
null
4c0a6811-f929-4d9f-99a6-8348baad3947
Case notification under international health regulations is done for which of the following: September 2009
Hepatitis B
HIV
Yellow fever
All of the above
2c
multi
Ans. C: Yellow fever
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
c1c24fde-a1db-404f-946f-ef5d33afd372
Treatment of choice for acute panic attacks is -
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
TCAs
MAO inhibitors
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Benzodiazepines Treatment of Panic disorderso Two most effective treatment are:1) Pharmacotherapy:- The cornerstone of drug therapy is andidepressants. SSRIs (Fluoxetine or other) are the preferred agents. Because therapeutic effect of antidepressants takes some time to develop, intially Benzodiazepine...
Psychiatry
Panic Disorder
729dc8b6-659f-427f-b71b-d45038c003de
A premature infant is more likely than a full term infant to -
Suffer from jaundice of hepatic origin
Maintain in normal body temperature in a cold environment
Excrete urine with a uniform specific gravity
Suffer from anaemia
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Suffer from jaundice of hepatic origin liver of premature (preterm) neonate is functionally immature that leads to hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) and poor detoxification of drugs. Problems of preterm (premature) babies o Bih asphyxia o ARDS (Hyaline membrane dis) o Hyperbilirubinemia o Hy...
Pediatrics
null
24f3a6e0-d727-40ac-bbe4-331568c694e9
A 24-year-old female graduate student repos increasing shoness of breath with exercise and has recently noticed dyspnea on mild activity. One day before presenting at the office, she experienced sudden loss of consciousness while shopping at a grocery store. On physical examination, vital signs are: pulse 88 bpm; tempe...
A loud A2 on cardiac auscultation
Right arm swelling
Rib notching
A loud P2 on cardiac auscultation
0a
single
The lateral view shows that the anterior clear space behind the sternum is occupied above a poion of the lower one-third of the cardiac shadow. The truncus of the right pulmonary aery seen in front of the trachea is very large and the left main pulmonary aery coursing over the left upper lobe bronchus is greater than 1...
Radiology
Respiratory system
3e1d3db7-0b85-4f99-b51e-e136d4653999
What is the treatment modality for the following fracture?
Tension band wiring
External fixation
Plating
ORIF
0a
single
Image shows patellar fracture. Tension band wiring is also used for: Patellar fracture Olecranon fracture Medial malleolus fracture Tension band wire are loop of wires passed around two bony fragments and then tightened to compress the fragments together. External fixation is done by using screws and is applicable to t...
Orthopaedics
Fracture Management
f32cde34-a23b-4086-ac73-4816e7377cb9
The effective range of revolver is:-
30-35 m
100-200 m
1000 m
3000 m
1b
single
Weapon Effective range in metres Shot gun 30-35 Musket 90 Revolver 100 Pistol 100 Rifle 1000 Military rifle 3000
Forensic Medicine
Ballistics
76d03abb-2e5b-4d99-9f0b-66df99a9dfa9
Denominator in case fatality rate
Mid year population
Population at risk
Number of cases
Number of deaths
2c
single
Case fatality rate Total number of deaths due to a paicular disease ________________________________________ X 100 Total number of cases due to to the same disease Case fatality rate represents the killing power of a disease It is simply the ratio of deaths to cases The time interval is not specified Case fatality rate...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
fd30121a-7f66-43c5-839b-890ecee7dc80
Which of the following is not an adverse effect of salbutomol
Tachycardia
Tolerance
Hypokaelemia
Hypoglycemia
3d
single
Refer KDT 6/e p 127 Beta 2 agonists like salbutomol and terbutaline can cause several adverse effects like Tachycardia due to stimulation of chronotropin beta 2 receptors Tremors may result due to stimulation of muscle spindle Tolerance may develop due to desensitization of receptors
Pharmacology
Respiratory system
ee42a4b6-2f72-4bf7-95de-35e1a18169ee
Molecular interaction, found in the structure ofDNA -
Hydrogen bond
Glycosidic bond
Covalent interactions
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. is'd' i.e., All of the above
Biochemistry
null
42734ceb-57ec-48cc-9cf8-fd71ad457eeb
Rabies free country is -
USA
Russia
Australia
France
2c
single
<p>Rabies free zone "Rabies free area" is defined as the one in which no case of indigenously acquired rabies has occurred in man or any animal species for 2 years. In India, Union territory of lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar islands are free of disease. Australia,china,cyprus, iceland, Ireland, Japan , Malta,New Z...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
28367924-e541-4cef-a03a-ab49afb22b7f
Sarcoidosis is associated with
Cataract
Ectopia lentis
Anterior uveitis
Keratitis
2c
single
Sarcoidosis -Can cause - Anterior uveitis (M /C)- Posterior uveitis- Intermediate uveitis- Pan uveitis M/C presentation - B/L Lymphadenopathy2nd m/c - uveitis C/F - Mutton fat keratic precipitates - Koppe's / busacca's nodules - Bilateral uveitis - Infiltration - Snowball/ string of pearl appearance - Candle wax drippi...
Ophthalmology
FMGE 2018
0a0196ec-8d3c-49ab-8483-2aaada0253f0
Last to putrefy in male is:
Uterus
Prostate
Testes
Liver
1b
single
Prostate
Forensic Medicine
null
8d4886b5-7964-4063-b9d7-616518b77f78
In retinal detachment:
Effusion of fluid into the suprachoroidal space
Retinoschisis
Separation of sensory retina from pigment epithelium
None of the above
2c
multi
Ans. Separation of sensory retina from pigment epithelium
Ophthalmology
null
61395f45-2c10-4241-97a7-47a6100d9726
All of the following are predictive tests for PIH except
Rolling over test
Serum uricacid
Gain in weight > 2 kg in one month
Shake test
3d
multi
Shake test or bubble test This is a useful bed side test rapidly performed with a fair degreeof accuracy.The test is based on the ability of pulmonary surfactant to form a foamor bubble on shaking which remains stable for atleast 15 mts.Increasing dilutions of amniotic fluid are mixed with 96%ethanol ,shaken for 15 s a...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Medical, surgical and gynaecological illness complicating pregnancy
b7405022-cec9-4ccc-9609-b74baa254ed5
Aery forming anastomosis around surgical neck humerus -
lst pa of axillary aery
2nd pa of axillary aery
3rd pa of axillary aery
Subclan aery
2c
single
Ans. is'c'i.e., 3rd pa of axillary aeryAnastomosis around surgical neck of humerus is formed by -Anterior circumflex humeral aery.Posterior circumflex humeral aeryBoth are branches of 3rd pa of axillary aery.
Anatomy
null
f513aeb0-fa55-41fb-a94c-e31c9ff2de29
5 year old Boy with something coming out of the anus with pedicle attached to rectal/ anal wall and bright red bleeding- most common diagnosis
Juvenile rectal Polyp
Pedicle pile
Fissure
CA Colon
0a
multi
Answer- A. Juvenile rectal PolypJuvenile polyps are the most common type of childhood polyp, occurring in up to l% of preschool children. They are usually solitary polyps found in the rectum which most commonly present with rectal bleeding.These are hamaomatous pollps, which are usually pedunculated but can be sessile.
Surgery
null
18b28933-ef8b-4e30-a4f9-c10150facece
Phaeochromocytoma arises from -
Adrenal gland
Mediastinum
Chest wall
Neck
0a
multi
pheochromocytoma is a neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of adrenal gland ( Harrison 17pg 2270)
Medicine
Endocrinology
19e5ba6b-8f40-4b75-8d1a-e1ae238c8069
If the life style factor that is causing infeility in a young male is identified. Which of the following life style modification will have no effect?
Weight gain
Less exercise
Vegetarian diet
Weight loss
2c
single
Ans. c. Vegetarian diet Vegetarian diet will have minimal or no effect on feility. 1 'Weight definitely matters when it comes to feility. Women who are overweight - or underweight - tend to have a more difficult time conceiving. The same goes for men, but more about that later.'- http //www early-pregnancy-tests com/ w...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
13a738bf-8e15-4955-a8d0-732b29f34850
Peliosis hepatis is caused by all except-
Analgesics
Anabolic steroids
OC pills
Danazol
0a
multi
Peliosis hepatitis is a rare condition in which there is primarily sinusoidal dilatation. The liver contains blood-filled cystic spaces, either unlined or lined with sinusoidal endothelial cells. Peliosis hepatitis is associated with many diseases including cancer, TB, AIDS or post-transplantation immunodeficiency. It ...
Pathology
null
617e4af5-437c-4581-a679-fc29f0a7d182
A Middle aged man comes to OPD with paraesthesia of hands and feet, hyperkeratosis of palms, rain drop pigmentation and transverse line on nails. Most likely the person is having -
Arsenic poisoning
Lead poisoning
Mercury poisoning
Cadmium poisoning
0a
single
Arsenic Mechanism of Action * Arsenic reversibly combines with sulphydrl enzymes. It blocks Krebs cycle and interrupts oxidative phosphorylation causing depletion of ATP and death of cell. * It also inhibits transformation of thiamine into acetyl CoA and Succinyl -CoA resulting in thiamine deficiency. * It replaces the...
Forensic Medicine
Poisoning
469672ec-b33f-4616-a914-8780a6b8f544
Prostaglandin in cervical ripening -
PGE2
PGF 2 alpha
Carboprost
PGE4
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., PGE 2 Methods of Cervical RipeningPharmacological MethodsNon Pharmacological MethodsProstaglandinsStripping of the membraneso Dinoprostone (PGE2) : gel, tablet, suppositoryo Misoprostol (PGE1) : tabletAmniotomyOxytocinMechanical.' osmotic dilators (laminaria)Progesterone receptor antagonistMifepreston...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Induction of Labour
f8891915-a255-42da-b9de-2376859bcafe
The end product of one stage fermentation is
Formic acid
Pyruvate
Lactate
Ethanol
2c
single
All other guides have given ethanol as the answer to this question. Which is incorrect. One stage fermentation here means fermentation of pyruvate in one stage. When pyruvate is formed, it can have several fates. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the TCA cycle after conversion into acetyl CoA by PDH. There are ...
Biochemistry
null
e40b23e8-820b-46a1-8b41-b44a08bbca58
Unsaturated fatty acids are converted to:
Prostaglandins
Cholesterol
Cell membrane lipid
Saturated fatty acid
0a
single
A Harper, 26lh ed. p. 192 & 25th ed, p. 250
Biochemistry
Lipids
dbcc3722-a3eb-4303-8a87-d1c903c63f32
Drug which do not cause hyperprolactinemia:
Bromocriptine
Haloperidol
Reserpine
Chlorpromazine
0a
single
Ans. A. BromocriptineAll of the drugs listed are D2 blockers which are associated with hyperprolactinemia except bromocriptine which is D 2 agonist.
Pharmacology
C.N.S
c117e1b8-d18e-40b7-9b6d-d2c58fdb1ec9
The commonest site of contrecoup fracture in an occipital fall is
Parietal bone
Temporal bone
Orbital roof
Ethmoidal bone
2c
multi
MC site for contrecoup injury is the Frontal lobes (tips of the frontal poles/orbital surface) and may be symmetrical, if a person falls on the occiput. In temporal or parietal impacts, the contrecoup lesions are usually on the contralateral surface ofthe brain. It is rare for a fall on the frontal region to produce oc...
Forensic Medicine
Regional injuries
d2e8b4e1-155b-4b5b-99c7-588369b59698
Gonococci have affinity for -
Vaginal mucosa
Epithelium of urethra
Testis
All of the above
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Epithelium of urethra "The pili of gonococcus has affinity for the columnar epithelium of urethra". -- Richard M Hyde"Virulent gonococci have affinity to adhere to urethral epithelial cells even in the presence of the violent flushing of urine".* N. gonorrhoeae is exclusively (obligate) a human pathog...
Microbiology
Bacteria
fe9cafca-320d-47e2-a47b-3c40dd83e817
Which muscle of larynx is not supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve ?
Vocalis
Thyroarytenoid
Cricothyroid
Interarytenoid
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cricothyroid All intrinsic muscles are supplied by the reccurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid which is supplied by the external laryngeal nerve
Anatomy
null
a78ee142-0316-4956-b077-3306e8d0e9ca
Infantile myocarditis and pericarditis is due to
Coxsackie A
Coxsackie B
Mumps
Pox virus
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Coxsackie B o The commonest cause of myocarditis is coxsackie B infection, which occurs any where from the age of a few hours to 7 weeks, with a peak around two weeks.
Pediatrics
null
5b893c2d-f342-4b40-a6e3-5eea5e91d393
Surgical treatment of parotid tumor involving the deep lobe is -
Total parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation
Total parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifise
Sub total parotidectomy
Subtotal parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifise
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Total parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation Surgical treatment of Salivary malignancieso The primary treatment of salivary malignancies is surgical excision.o In this setting, basic surgical principles include the en bloc removal of the involved gland with preservation of all nerves unless dire...
ENT
Oral Cavity
6e87c994-3c48-4e7a-9e8f-09767080d2a1
Senile vaginitis is due to :
Gonococcal infection
Cancer cervix
Diabetes
Oestrogen deficiency
3d
single
Oestrogen deficiency
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
ebe200a8-607c-48be-af14-63e707635206
True regarding Mitral valve prolapse syndrome is all, EXCEPT-
More common in female
Mostly symptomatic
High incidence of arrhythmia
Transient cerebral ischemia can occur
1b
multi
Answer is B (Mostly Symptomatic) Most patients are asymptamatic and remain so for their entire lives)
Medicine
null
5de609bd-fb06-468a-83fb-943715177a42
A woman runs a marathon in 90degF weather and replaces all volume lost in sweat by drinking distilled water. After the marathon, she will have
Decreased total body water (TBW)
Decreased hematocrit
Decreased intracellular fluid (ICF) volume
Decreased plasma osmolarity
3d
multi
By sweating and then replacing all volume by drinking H2O, the woman has a net loss of NaCl without a net loss of H2O. Therefore, her extracellular and plasma osmolarity will be decreased, and as a result, water will flow from extracellular fluid (ECF) to intracellular fluid (ICF). The intracellular osmolarity will als...
Physiology
Body fluid compaments
2574f9e5-09d9-4694-b92d-aa58b3921dd2
Example of metallo enzyme is ?
Lysyl oxidase
Lysyl hydroxylase
Prolyl hydroxylase
Glucosyl transferase
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lysyl oxidaseLysyl oxidase is a metalloenzyme (copper containing
Biochemistry
null
a4ccd82c-d8c1-4d54-9c72-792b7acfaa73
A 55 year old man who has been on bed rest for the past 10 days, complain of breathlessness and chest pain. The chest X-ray is normal. The next step in the investigation should be –
Lung ventilation – perfusion scan
Pulmonary arteriography
Pulmonary venous wedge angiography
Echocardiography
0a
multi
This patient has a high clinical likelihood of pulmonary embolism because clinical assessment score is more than 4:- Signs & symptoms of PE (Breathlessness & chest pain) → score 3.0 Immobilization (bed rest) > 3 days → score 1.5 So, the total score is 4.5. Therefore, imaging test should be done. CT contrast is the ...
Radiology
null
c4958b4d-d78b-42ed-9b60-7bfb9561263d
Estrogen is secreted during pregnancy, mostly by-
Maternal ovary
Fetal ovary'
Pituitary
Hypothalamus
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e, Maternal ovary o The enlarged corpus luteum of pregnancy secretes estrogens, progesterone, and relaxin.o The relaxin helps maintain pregnancy by inhibiting myometrial contractions.o In most species, removal of the ovaries at any time during pregnancy precipitates abortion,o In humans, however, the plac...
Physiology
Sex Hormones
3dbd274a-a213-44f7-a7a9-4143bd71c2c7
All of the following nerves pass through Jugular foramen except -
9th
10th
11th
12th
3d
multi
Structures passing through jugular foramen :- Anterior part :- Inferior petrosal sinus Middle part :- Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve, vagus (X) nerve, accessory (XI) nerve Posterior part :- Sigmoid sinus continues as internal jugular vein (Sigmoid sinus- IJV junction), meningeal branch of occipital artery.
Anatomy
null
3655bbfb-9c83-4b6f-8f2e-60512e647553
An adult old man gets burn injury to his hands. Over a few weeks, the burned skin heals without the need for skin grafting. The most critical factor responsible for the rapid healing in this case is -
Remnant skin appendages
Underlying connective tissues
Minimal edema and erythema
Granulation tissue
0a
single
The skin consists of two layers 1. Epidermis Most superficial layer of the skin. It is constantly replaced from the basal layer. 2. Dermis It is thicker than epidermis and supplies the strength and integrity to the skin It has a rich blood supply It contains adnexal structures i.e.→ Hair follicles, Sebaceous glands...
Pathology
null
1f80f466-553a-4059-9ad3-f5188f883037
Which of the following is a dimorphic
Rhizopus
Sporothrix schenckii
Tinea versicolor
Microsporum
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sporothrix schenckii
Microbiology
null
7a41bf21-264a-4e56-b2ba-9a2973866633
Bleuler's symptoms of schizophrenia include all except:
Autism
Automatism
Affect disturbance
Loosening of association
1b
multi
Bleuler proposed four symptoms of schizophrenia. which were called as fundamental (or primary) symptoms of schizophrenia. These symptoms are also known as 4 A's of Bleuler. They include: A. Autistic thinking and behaviour (Autism) B. Ambivalence C. Affect disturbances D. Association disturbances Automatisms are usually...
Psychiatry
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
aa01c524-434f-40b8-a0a7-f9f17ba4eecb
Nissl's bodies located intracytoplasmic are in
Perikaryon of neuron
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
0a
single
Nissl bodiesLarge granular bodies that stain with basic dyes, forming the reticular substance of the cytoplasm of neurons, composed of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free polyribosomes.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition
Physiology
Endocrinology
dd05e9c6-00f5-4145-9830-a7dd90e1adc4
A 6-year-old child presents with abnormal twitching of the face during sleep, which is noticed by the mother. EEG shows spikes over the centro temporal area. What is the diagnosis?
GTCS
Rolandic epilepsy
Absence seizure
Subtle seizure
1b
single
Benign Rolandic epilepsy MC epilepsy in children = Benign Rolandic epilepsy Benign childhood epilepsy with centro temporal spikes presents in children between 2-13 years. Seizures occur in sleep and focal seizures Self-limiting course by adolescence Inter-ictal EEG shows spike over centro temporal or Rolandic area Rx: ...
Medicine
Epilepsy and EEG
7228966b-d5ea-4549-8e82-c21d9127e9e1
Tuberculosis pleural effusion is characterized by all EXCEPT: March 2013 (d)
LDH > 60% of serum LDH
Hemorrhagic fluid
Increased mesothelial cells
Increased deaminase
2c
multi
Ans. C i.e. Increased mesothelial cells
Medicine
null