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135
ee3eaa23-1df8-4e37-8892-368b42e3b691
Cervical carcinoma arises from
Squamocolumnar junction
Isthmus
Cervical anterior lip
Internal os
0a
single
Carcinoma of cervix arise from the Squamocolumnar juction Vagina and Ectocervix are covered by stratified squamous epithelium and the endocervix is covered by columnar epithelium. The two meet at squamocolumnar junction which is dynamic. Reference : Textbook of Gynaecology; Sheila balakrishnan; 2nd edition; Pg no:257
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Gynaecological oncology
f2c922a9-fee8-4f30-8111-d1748567e8ab
Ciprofloxacin should not be given to an asthmatic using theophylline because:
Ciprofloxacin inhibits theophylline metabolism
Theophylline inhibits ciprofloxacin metabolism
Ciprofloxacin decreases effect of theophylline
Theophylline induces metabolism of ciprofloxacin
0a
single
Ans. (A) Ciprofloxacin inhibits theophylline metabolism(Ref: KDT 8/e p761)Theophylline has a narrow margin of safety (low therapeutic index) Ciprofloxacin inhibits theophylline metabolism and increases its plasma level leading to toxicity. Thus, ciprofloxacin should not be given to an asthmatic using theophylline.
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy: General Principles
62a878bd-9713-4806-a13e-e4232ad1ee59
Prominent eosinophilic secretory granules are seen in the paneth cells of the intestinal crypts. What is secreted from the cells?
Mucus
Antibacterial like lysozyme
Alkaline fluid
Acidic fluid
1b
single
Paneth cells (zymogen cells) are found only in the deeper pas of the intestinal crypts. They contain prominent eosinophilic secretory granules. On examination, they are seen to contain considerable rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with other organelles and some irregular microvilli. The cells are rich in zinc. They are...
Physiology
null
6d47b330-3bd9-4e7c-95b6-3e53d8359882
Lateral medullary syndrome is due to?
Posterior inferior cerebellar aery
Anterior inferior cerebellar aery
Basilar aery
Veebral aery
3d
single
Veebral aery REF: Harrison's Internal Medicine 17th ed Chapter 364. Cerebrovascular Diseases, Brainstem disorders by Peter P Urban, Louis R Caplan page 205-207. See previous question for table of Brainstem syndromes Embolic occlusion or thrombosis of a V4 segment causes ischemia of the lateral medulla. The constellatio...
Surgery
null
f11c80b3-1cbf-4200-b3b8-3f7a5b9f8586
In the walking bleach technique:
It uses a heat treatment
It requires the patient to report in 24 hours
Can be done with 35 percent hydrogen peroxide
It uses a mixture of sodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide
3d
single
Hydrogen Peroxide can be used alone or mixed with sodium perborate into a paste for use in the “walking bleach technique”. Ref :Grossman’s endodontics,13th edition, pg no:504
Dental
null
3a93cf2a-6426-4a69-afa2-614234074ff1
Mechanism of action of cyanide poisoning: September 2010
Inhibits protein breakdown
Inhibits DNA synthesis
Inhibits protein syntheisi
Blocks Cytochrome enzyme P- 450
3d
single
Ans. D: Blocks Cytochrome enzyme P- 450 Cyanide poisoning occurs when a living organism is exposed to a compound that produces cyanide ions (CN-) when dissolved in water. Common poisonous cyanide compounds include hydrogen cyanide gas and the crystalline solids potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide. The cyanide ion halt...
Forensic Medicine
null
77fac512-342e-4bd2-a8b0-184ac257a2ac
Migration motor complex is due to which of the following?
Gastrin
CCK
Motilin
VIP
2c
single
The migrating motor complex is a distinct pattern of electromechanical activity observed in gastrointestinal smooth muscle during the periods between meals. It is thought to serve a "housekeeping" role and sweep residual undigested material through the digestive tube Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology ...
Physiology
G.I.T
363e9fd8-c24a-4794-8880-1d75f89da04a
In a toddler few drops of blood was noticed per rectally. What can be the most probable diagnosis among the conditions given below?
Adenomatous polyposis coli
Juvenile Rectal polyp
Rectal ulcer
Piles
1b
multi
This child is most likely suffering from juvenile polyp. Adenomatous polyposis coli, rectal ulcer and piles are diseases of the adults. Juvenile polyp is a benign, pedunculated and solitary lesion occuring mainly in the rectosigmoid colon. t is usually seen in children between 3 to 5 years of age, and is rare before 1 ...
Surgery
null
1ded65c9-c557-4c3f-9fab-dcb6aec845c5
The triad of 'saturnine gout' + hypeension + renal failure is seen in?
Diabetic nephropathy with hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism
Lead nephropathy
Sickle cell nephropathy
Aristolochic acid nephropathy
1b
single
Saturnine gout Cause - Lead toxicity Symptoms - Symptoms of lead toxicity precede the development of gout. Hence patient will have anemia, basophilic stippling of RBC, abdominal pain and nerve palsy The damage to kidney will lead to hypeension and progressive renal malfunction. Knee joint involvement is more common tha...
Medicine
Chronic Kidney Disease & Diabetic Nephropathy
33560010-3545-48e2-b9ba-8856d4767bc6
Which is the most common syndrome associated with focal seizures with dyscognitive features in adults?
Lennox Gastaut syndrome
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Rolandic epilepsy
Epilepsia Paialis Continua
1b
single
M/C syndrome associated with focal seizures with dyscognitive features is Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. * Febrile convulsion * Focal seizures with impaired awareness "Automatism" * EEG - Temporal (U/L or B/L) spikes *MRI - Hippocampal sclerosis * Lennox Gastaut syndrome is seen in children and presents with multiple s...
Medicine
Epilepsy and EEG
523195d4-2b03-4e4f-89d1-9052e180d46a
Fatal dose of arsenic trioxide in adults: AIIMS 14
20-30 mg
50-60 mg
60-80 mg
120-200 mg
3d
single
Ans. 120-200 mg
Forensic Medicine
null
a5b886d2-5756-4d86-ac2c-1ddbb188602a
Proprioception is carried by which fibers-
Fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis
Anterior spinothalamic tract
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Spinocerebellar tract
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis Posterior column (Dorsal column) (Fasciculus Gracilis and Fasciculus Cuneatus) carries* Proprioception (Position of body or limb, position of joint)* Vibration* Fine touch (two point discrimination, topognosis, stereognosis)* Kinesthesia
Anatomy
Neuroanatomy
330425f2-8670-428a-a005-de13911d821c
Lucio reaction is seen in -
TB
Leprosy
Syphillis
LGV
1b
single
Ans is 'b' i.e., Leprosy Lucio reaction/phenomenono Seen in untreated cases of lepromatous leprosy (LL).o Patients develop recurrent crops of large, sharply marginated, ulcerative lesions, particularly on lower extremities,o It is due to heavy parasitism of endothelial cells, endothelial proliferation and thrombus form...
Skin
C. Mycobacteria
75b50a89-939c-4746-92bf-e1c30d91f634
Corticosteroids cause which ty pe of cataract -
Cortical
Nuclear
Posteriorsubcapsular
Anteriorsubcapsular
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Posterior subcapsular o Corticosteroid induced cataract is posterior subcapsular cataract.Types of CataractCausesPosterior subcapsularMyotoic dystrophy, Wilson's disease, DM, Atopic dermatitis, Down's syndrome, Corticosteroids, Busulfan, Chloroquine, Trauma, Ionizing radiation , Galactosemia, Senile c...
Ophthalmology
Acquired Cataract
7b4425c5-cae4-4fe8-8966-4e463075f3cf
ECT is contraindicated in:
Intracranial SOL
Pregnancy
Cardiac disease
Psychosis
0a
single
Intracranial SOL
Psychiatry
null
71b71f4f-e726-4620-aa72-aaf1bfd63001
In which of the following condition does oxygen dissociation curve shifts to right?
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Anemia
3d
single
Shift of oxygen dissociation curve to the right is caused by factors that decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. This is advantageous in the tissues because the blood offloads more oxygen. Conditions which decreases oxygen availability as in anemia and hypoxia the levels of 2,3 DPG increases and shifts the cur...
Physiology
null
1e238c55-0e8f-4ec3-b4b8-bf4e6d12b80b
A pregnant lady complaints of headache, feeling of excessive tiredness and drowsiness whenever she lies down in supine position. Her symptoms are relieved on sitting up and while lying on her side. What is the most likely diagnosis?
IVC compression
Compression on sympathetic chain
Raised intra abdominal pressure
Decreased blood supply to placenta
0a
single
Patient is showing features of supine hypotensive syndrome caused by the compression of inferior vena cava by the weight of a pregnant female's uterus, fetus, placenta and amniotic fluids while lying in the supine position. This condition can develop as early as the second trimester but is maximal during the third trim...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
f1880fe5-9b87-4b6e-999f-85f7ace650fc
The site where myosin heads bind to actin in skeletal muscles are covered by
Tropomyosin
Troponin
Ca
Calmodulin
0a
single
Tropomyosin Molecules: The actin filament also contains tropomyosin. Each molecule of tropomyosin has a molecular weight of 70,000 and a length of 40 nanometers. These molecules are wrapped spirally around the sides of the F-actin helix. In the resting state, the tropomyosin molecules lie on top of the active sites of ...
Physiology
General physiology
de04988b-a977-44a1-9951-014dc9e3c631
Kawasaki disease is associated with all except -
Thrombocytopenia
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Red eye
Rash
0a
multi
In Kawasaki disease, there is thrombocytosis.
Pathology
null
94eb2c5c-47e3-498b-b844-6d662014c143
Snowstorm appearance of knee joint with multiple loose bodies is seen in?
chondromalacia patellae
Ewings sarcoma of knee joint
Fracture involving articular surface
Synovial chondromatosis
3d
single
ANSWER: (D) Synovial chondromatosisREF: The Journal of bone and joint surgery: British volume: Volume 71, Pages 549-912, http:// www.springerlink.com/content/17m54n357304205m/Snowstorm knee:Seen in Synovial chondromatosisTraumatic etiologyJoint effusionNumerous brilliant white rice-grain size free bodies in arthroscopy...
Orthopaedics
Synovial Chondromatosis
0bb3f860-056f-4622-a477-f428a7e3df96
Spermatogenesis is maintained by which hormones (s)
Testosterone
FSH
LH
Prolactin
0a
single
Spermatogenesis defined as the entire process by which spermatogonial stem cells divide and differentiate into sperms. The process has three phases: spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no:-420
Physiology
Endocrinology
3dd94a16-45d4-44cb-9b04-f826177ea01a
Fibromuscular wall is seen in:
Gall bladder
Duodenum
Jejunum
ileum
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Gall bladder o The extrahepatic biliary tree and gallbladder share a similar microscopic anatomy, consisting of a fibro muscular wall lived by mucin producing columnar epithelium similar to that seen in intrahepatic bile ducts.Gall bladder (review)o Gall bladder is a pear-shaped small sac attached to ...
Anatomy
Hepatobiliary System
47ffef5f-7b42-43a9-9f26-b695665f3785
A man eats a low-carbohydrate meal that is rich in proteins containing the amino acids that stimulate insulin secretion. Which response accounts for the absence of hypoglycemia?
Suppression of GH
Suppression of somatomedin C secretion
Stimulation of coisol secretion
Stimulation of glucagon secretion
3d
single
Consumption of amino acids stimulates both GH and glucagon secretion. Increased glucagon secretion tends to increase blood glucose concentration and thus opposes the effects of insulin to cause hypoglycaemia
Physiology
Endocrine System
9a81ea72-a99e-4c43-b656-d27e9a3d4eb3
Which of the following is the clinical feature of intermittent claudication?
Pain in leg
Pain in leg on rest
Pain in leg only on exercise
Cyanosis of leg
2c
single
Intermittent claudication refers to pain in muscles of the lower extremity associated with walking and relieved by rest. The pain is a deep-seated ache usually in the calf muscle, which gradually progresses until the patient is compelled to stop walking. Relief of symptoms is not dependent upon sitting or other positio...
Surgery
null
4a7f8d4d-4e45-46c9-816c-93ae7f74f371
Increased levels of alanine in serum after fasting suggest
Increased release of alanine from muscle
Reduced amino acid utilisation for gluconeogenesis
Break in continuity of plasma membrane resulting in leakage of amino acids
Decreased uptake of alanine by liver
0a
single
During starvation, muscle proteins are degraded to serve amino acids (especially alanine) as substrates for gluconeogenesis. Alanine also arises from transamination of pyruvate in the muscles. Alanine is transported to liver for gluconeogenesis.
Biochemistry
null
73f55e19-eef0-461e-9a6c-1c260df58680
Vasculitis not commonly seen in adults
Kawasaki disease
Henoch schonlein purpura
Temporal aeritis
PAN
0a
single
Kawasaki's disease is an acute, febrile, multisystem disease of children. Some 80% of cases occur prior to the age of 5, with the peak incidence occurring at <=2 years. It is characterized by nonsuppurative cervical adenitis and changes in the skin and mucous membranes such as edema; congested conjunctivae; erythema of...
Medicine
Immune system
97ca9d92-4c02-4184-97ef-813e662c1aaa
All of the following are complications of an undescended testis EXCEPT: March 2013 (a, e, g)
Torsion
Hydrocoele
Trauma
Malignant change
1b
multi
Ans. B i.e. Hydrocoele Incomplete descent of testes Complication: Malignant change (even if the testes have been brought down surgically), Best time to operate: 9-15 months of age
Surgery
null
88fc3aaf-b13a-472f-86a9-5bc62031a59b
Life threatening complications of diabetes mellitus are all except :
>Malignant otitis externa
>Rhinocerebral mucormycosis
>Emphysematous pyelonephritis
>Emphysematous appendicitis
3d
multi
emphysematous appendicitis Malignant otitis externa (Harrison 16th/e p 189) "Invasive otitis externa also known as malignant or necrotizing otitis externa is an aggressive and potentially Ilk threatening disease that occurs predominantly in elderly diabetics and other inummocompromised patients" Rhinocerebral mucormyco...
Surgery
null
d23d4f91-617f-4f10-b32d-192e8cf52507
Simian crease is seen in which syndrome?
Reye's syndrome
Cat eye syndrome
Down's syndrome
Patau syndrome
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Down's syndrome * Single palmar crease (simian crease) is seen in Down's syndromeClinical features of Down's syndrome* Most striking feature in the neonate is hypotonia and although the diagnosis is usually evident at this time, it may sometimes be missed if the baby is very premature or his facial fe...
Pediatrics
Genetics And Genetic Disorders
e2b0382b-4730-4c6a-bb8a-f84c847ba833
Waste water from kitchen is called as
Refuge
Garbage
Sullage
Sewage
2c
multi
Sewage is wastewater from a community, containing solid and liquid excreta, derived from houses, street and yard washings, factories and industries.Resemble diy water with an unpleasant smell.The term &;sullage&; is applied to wastewater which does not contain human excreta, ex: wastewater from kitchens and bathroomsPa...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
d751d032-8623-4b7d-8469-f68aaed4280a
Accelerated hypeension leads to?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
1b
single
Accelerated HTN - || RAAS | | Aldosterone | Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis DOC for Accelerated Hypeension - Spironolactone , ACE Inhibitors DOC for Malignant HTN- Nitroprusside.
Medicine
Electrolyte Imbalance
eac11180-1b84-406c-ad5e-621a6e55751b
Clutton's joint is seen in ?
Primary syphilis
Secondary syphilis
Teiory syphilis
Congenital syphilis
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Congenital syphilis Syphilic ahritis Syphilic ahritis may be seen in congenital or acquired syphilis. Congenital syphilis The joint may be affected early or late : ? Early congenital syphilis : - Osteochondritis in juxta-epiphyseal region results in breakdown of the bone and cailage. Late congenital s...
Surgery
null
518990ea-fd20-47ec-a683-e9eba6001e24
In a woman with polyuria of6L/day, which are the 2 most impoant investigations to be done -
Water deprivation test
Water loading
Plasma and urine osmolality
Plasma osmolality
0a
single
fluid deprivation test to differentiate which type of DI. If it is not significant administration of desmopressin required ( Harrison 17 pg 2219)
Medicine
Endocrinology
6e5d7f66-8b56-4859-b589-88d4a72d410c
Rim sign in IVP is seen in –
Polycystic kidney
Hydronephrosis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Hypemephroma
1b
single
Two most important causes of rim sign on nephrogram are - (i) Hydronephrosis (chronic obstruction), and (ii) Renal artery occulusion.
Radiology
null
487cda77-7826-44ee-ad72-bc7c73c74426
Punishment for issuing a false ceificate is
4 years
5 years
6 years
7 years
3d
multi
Section 197 IPC: Issuing or signing the false ceificate: Classification of Offence: Punishment: The same as for giving or fabricating false evidence. Cognizable or Non-cognizable :Non-cognizable Bailable or Non-bailable :Bailable. By Which Cou Triable: Cou by which offence of giving false evidence is triable. Whoever i...
Forensic Medicine
Medical Jurisprudence
fa6656e4-97cd-44a2-b6d3-9a58e02f79f8
Coronary cabal fistula is
Inokuchi
Warren's
Eck's fistula
Shamik
0a
single
Inokuchi shunt Interpostion of vein graft between the left gastric (coronary) vein and the IVC Also known as coronary-cabal fistula Choice (TIPS or shunt) is based on the predicted time to transplantation Ref:Sabiston 20th edition Pgno : 1440
Anatomy
G.I.T
2d2ca3b5-10bd-4bdd-9940-05bec011097f
Which of the following anticancer drug can cross blood brain barrier?
Cisplatin
Nitrosourea
Vincristine
Vinblastine
1b
single
Cisplati n It is a platinum coordination complex that is hydrolysed intracellularly to produce a highly reactive moiety which causes cross linking ofDNA. Theoured siteis N&;ofguanineresidue. It can also react with -SH groups in proteins and has radiomimetic propey. It is bound to plasma proteins, enters tissues and is ...
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
12b4c4c4-80ff-4148-b8e4-78b0b46c3ff1
Gguardian of the genome"?
p53
Mdm2
pl4
ATM
0a
single
. p53
Pathology
null
e51069d4-099f-4584-b6b2-168f04c9e236
True regarding Kaposi's sarcoma?
Can occur even when CD4 is normal
HHV 8 is etiological agent
Koebner's phenomenon may be observed with it
All are true
3d
multi
Ans. d (All are true) (Ref. Harrison 18th/ p 695)KAPOSI'S SARCOMA# Human herpes virus type 8 is believed to be the cause of most cases of Kaposi's sarcoma.# There are at least four distinct epidemiologic forms of KS:- The classic form that occurs in older men of predominantly Mediterranean or eastern European Jewish ba...
Skin
Skin Cancer
f9dc66b2-4529-477e-92d3-818eb6d8728f
Waves seen in EEG during stage 4- NREM period of sleep is:
Alpha
Beta
Delta
Theta
2c
single
- REM sleep shows - b waves - so, called as paradoxical sleep. (because even though the person is asleep, the waves of ale wakefulness-b waves are recorded)- NREM sleep - 4 stages* Stage I - Superficial stage - eyes closed & person is in sleep latency - a waves are seen* Stage II - Sleep spindles & large K - complexes ...
Physiology
JIPMER 2019
ecbd6ecb-cb8e-416f-afea-97b5e74ea9c4
Most common cardiac anomaly in Turner's syndrome is?
Coarctation of aorta
Bicuspid aortic valve
Ventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
1b
single
b. Bicuspid aortic valve(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2189-2191, Ghai 8/e p 413-414)Most common heart defects in Turner syndrome are bicuspid aortic valves, coarctation of aorta and aortic stenosis.
Pediatrics
C.V.S.
af0b76c7-ab71-403f-bd2f-afece47f9931
Physiological locking is -
Internal rotation of femur over stabilized tibia
Internal rotation of tibia over stabilized femur
External rotation of tibia over stabilized tibia
External rotation of femur over stabilized tibia
0a
single
During last stages of extension, femur rotates medially on tibia due to quadriceps femoris to lock the knee joint.
Anatomy
null
77c68d11-a3b4-42ee-974e-372f5c1a5e1c
Enzyme raised in myopathies is
CPK
SGOT
SGPT
AST
0a
single
Ans. a (CPK), (Ref. Harrison, Principles of Medicine, 18th/Chapter 246.)# CPK is raised in many myopathies and in AMI.
Medicine
Disorder of Metabolism & Connective Tissue
1f1e5f07-e5d7-4584-acf1-bae008833729
Initial resuscitation of a trauma patient is best done by administration of which of the following?
D5W
D5W and 0.45% normal saline
Ringer's lactate solution
5% plasma protein solution
2c
single
- Initial resuscitation of a trauma patient is best done by administering Ringer's lactate, because it is isotonic, and it is similar to plasma in electrolyte composition. - There is no conclusive evidence that colloid solutions (albumin, plasma protein solution, or hydroxyethyl starch solution) improve the rate of res...
Surgery
Trauma
5bfdb48e-4ff6-41fd-9f09-6c96ed3dd6bd
Diagnostic criteria of SLE Is/are
ANA
Anti ds-DNA
Proteinuria> 500 mg/day
All
3d
multi
Ref - Davidsons 23e p1036
Medicine
Immune system
3367b0d7-2ff5-49ba-83b8-6b7e2e8946d3
Major Mineral of the bone is:
Calcium chloride
Hydroxyapatite
Calcium oxide
Calcium carbonate
1b
single
Inorganic component of bone is consists of mineral phase which is principally composed of calcium and phosphate, mostly in the form of hydroxyapatite .
Orthopaedics
Fracture Management
f8a1cf45-534c-4d3c-9cc8-06716187a69b
Subependymal calcified nodules are seen in -
Sturge Weber syndrome
Tuberous sclerosis
Neurofibromatosis 2
Von Hippel Lindau syndrome
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Tuberous sclerosis
Pediatrics
C.V.S.
20083af4-29d6-4267-9dfc-ac6ccc7db1ff
A patient complains of muscle weakness it was reversed on administration of neostigmine, because
It blocks the action of acetylcholine
It interfere with the action of monoamine oxidase
It interfere with the action of carbonic anhydrase
It interfere with action of acetylcholine esterases
3d
single
Refer katzung 11e p 105 neostigmine acts by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesteresis This enzyme is involved in the degradation of acetylcholine, consequential neostigmine increases the synaptic level of acetylcholine. Muscle weakness can be improved with the stimulation of Nm receptors at muscle endplate due to inc...
Pharmacology
Autonomic nervous system
a5aaaa04-7f87-4440-84a2-a783e9bca1ed
Vidian neurectomy is done for
Allergic rhinitis
Atrophic rhinitis
Vasomotor rhinitis
Chronic hyperophic rhinitis
2c
multi
Surgical treatment of vasomotor rhinitis - Vidian neurectomy which is sectioning of parasympathetic secretomotor fibres of nose
ENT
Nose and paranasal sinuses
395619df-1194-4026-915f-0ac58d437f12
Most common cause of dysentery in adults is?
Crypto parvum
Giardia
Strongoloides
Entamoeba histolytica
3d
single
ANSWER: (D) EntamoebaREF: VariousThis was a difficult one and quite a nagging question, because no book gives a perfect answer.However after consulting various websites. CMDT, Harrison I reached the conclusion that most common cause of dysentery is bacterial > parasitic.Robbin's states that shighella is the prominent c...
Microbiology
Protozoa
10ec80bb-af04-4f94-9686-91b8752dc3d1
What is the Goal of Prudent diet for prevention of Coronary hea disease?
Cholesterol: HDL ratio <3.5
Cholesterol; HDL ratio <6.5
Cholesterol: HDL ratio >3.5
Cholesterol: HDL ratio >6.5
0a
single
Goal of WHO Prudent diet is to Reduce Cholesterol: HDL ratio <3.5 Prudent diet: Dietary modification is the principle preventive strategy in the prevention of CHD. WHO recommended changes: Reduction of fat intake to <20-30% of total energy intake Consumption of saturated fats <7% of total energy intake Reduction in cho...
Social & Preventive Medicine
NCDs: CHD, HTN, DM, RF, Cancers, Obesity, Blindness
4fbc81f3-a5f6-42ac-8836-f78b64ed5261
Following acute pharyngitis, a patient was on broad spectrum antibiotics. One week later he developed watery diarrhoea with a foul odour and abdominal cramps. Antibiotic induced colitis is confirmed. What is the most common cause of antibiotic induced colitis?
Esch. coli
Clostridium difficile
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni
1b
single
Clostridium difficile is the major known cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. The organism elaborates at least four toxins, including toxin A (an enterotoxin) and toxin B (a cytotoxin). Symptoms and signs include diarrhea, which is usually watery, occasionally bloody, and has a characteristic...
Microbiology
null
96496220-7225-4e72-9947-d733034aefe0
A 41 year old male presents with a weak flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus of the index finger. The nerve inxolved could be -
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve
Posterior interosseus nerve
Radial nerve
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Median nerve * The various muscles supplied by median nerve are : -1) In the forearm# All the flexor muscles of the forearm, except the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus to the ulnar two fingers.These muscles are: -i) Pronater teresiv) Flexor digitorum superficialv...
Anatomy
Upper Extremity
a226688c-5e09-4be7-be0a-47b91e423fc4
Gout can be precipitated by:
Calcium channel blockers
Omeprazole
Thiazide diuretics
Digitalis
2c
single
Answer is C (Thiazide Diuretics): Hyperuricemic Syndromes: Pathophysiology and Therapy (Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, 2005)/ 9
Medicine
null
6b6e4dbc-f265-423f-a614-59ba8a3eb3bf
Inulin is a homopolymer of ?
Fructose
Glucose
Mannose
Galactose
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., FructoseInulin is a homopolymer made up of fructose.
Biochemistry
null
71d31f23-541d-437f-ad96-7a8054356792
Wire hardening at a low temperature of orthodontic wire would enhance all EXCEPT:
Stiffness
Resiliency
Brittleness
Ductility
3d
multi
Strain hardening—The increase in strength and hardness and decrease in ductility of a metal that is caused by plastic deformation below its recrystallization temperature; also called work hardening. A wire can be fractured by bending it back and forth repeatedly. During each bend, the wire is cold worked, which require...
Dental
null
7ea90ccb-4bd3-4a90-a70b-991325124ecb
Term Psychiatry was coined by
Moral
Johann reil
Eugen Bleuler
Phillipe Pinel
1b
single
Reil, Johann Christian (1759-1820) : Coined the Term Psychiatry Special Mention- Founded the 1st psychiatric journal Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.244
Psychiatry
Cognitive development and defence mechanism
8892c22b-7aca-4e2d-a3f7-7ca720b9808c
A new born presents with deepening cyanosis at bih, with congestive hea failure and normal first hea sound. X-ray reveals cardiomegaly diagnosis is -
Tetralogy of fallot's
Ebstein anomally
Transposition of great vessels
Tricuspid atresia
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Transposition of great vessels
Pediatrics
null
1e349612-2fe4-4ef0-805b-8972e73dd62f
Moality statistics are taken into account while calculating
GER
NRR
TFR
GMFR
1b
single
Net reproduction rate is defined as the number of daughters a newborn girl will bear during her life time assuming fixed age specific feility and moality rates NRR is a demographic indicator NRR of 1 is equivalent to attaining approximately the 2 child norm Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Demography and family planning
b7590b12-cca5-4da8-beb3-d347a2f360d2
Antihypeensive which can not be given in pregnancy ?
Labetolol
Propranolol
Esmolol
Hydralazine
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Propranolol
Pharmacology
null
83833809-6359-4f6c-86ca-f55c32571d90
Pain sensations from the ethmoidal sinus are carried by:
Supraorbital nerve
Lacrimal Nerve
Nasociliary Nerve
Infraorbital Nerve
2c
single
(c) Nasociliary Nerve(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 476)SinusMaxillaryFrontalEthmoidsSphenoidOpeningInfundibulum of middle meatusBy Fronto-nasal recess into middle meatusAnterior ethmoids - middle meatusPosterior ethmoids - superior meatusSpheno-ethmoidal recess above the superior turbinateAt birthPresentSize increases with ...
ENT
Congenital Lesions and Stridor
01b3afc6-89f6-44cb-ac2d-a7e1ad507e80
Oral anticoagulants given to pregnant women cause
Long bones limb defect
Craniofacial malformation
CVS malformation
Costochondro dysplasia
1b
single
Contradi's syndrome (Skeletal and facial anomalies optic atrophy, microcephaly, chondrodysplasia punctate. Warfarin given in early pregnancy increases bih defects, specially skeletal abnormality foetal warfarin syndrome - hypoplasia of nose, eye socket hand bones, growth retardation. Given later in pregnancy - it can c...
Pharmacology
All India exam
8c94eed5-e1f9-4ab6-8bb0-31273e0d9345
All are secreted in the stomach except?
Secretin
Hcl
Intrinsic factor
Mucous
0a
multi
Gastrin produced by G cells in the pyloric gland is absorbed into the blood and carried to the oxyntic glands where it stimulates the parietal cells strongly to secrete hcl. And secretin is synthesized and secreted by S cells of duodenum (GANONG'S REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY)
Physiology
General physiology
c7192eea-2a32-460a-a071-13bc5c005fe4
Foramen of Morgagni refers to an opening in?
The brain
The lesser omentum
The skull
The diaphragm
3d
single
The sinus of Morgagni or ventricle of the larynx is a narrow fusiform cleft between the vestibular and vocal folds. the anterior pa of the sinus is prolonged upwards as diveiculum between the vestibular fold and the lamina of the thyroid cailage .this extension is known as the saccule of the larynx. The saccule contain...
Anatomy
Head and neck
13a40883-8759-4422-957e-effbb1be73a2
Telaprevir is used in the treatment of:
Acute hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis B
Chronic hepatitis C
3d
single
Telaprevir and Boceprevir are used to treat chronic HCV. Must know: Chronic hepatitis B is treated with agents like: IFN-Alpha, PEG IFN-Alpha, lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, telbivudine and tenofovir. Chronic hepatitis C can be treated with: PEG IFN-Alpha, ribavirin, Telaprevir and Boceprevir Chronic hepatitis D is t...
Medicine
null
b209973e-13ed-46af-8f09-de72171c497d
Wrong abour continuous murmur
Seen with coarctation of aoa
Peaks at S2
Heard both in systole and diastole
Increase on squatting
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Increase on squatting A continuous murmur is defined as one that begins in systole and extends through S2 into pa or all of diastole. It need not occupy the entire cardiac cycle. Continuous murmurs are not affected by dynamic auscultation maneuvers like squatting etc. They can oftern be difficult to d...
Medicine
null
f2dc05d1-3748-40e2-9ede-3bbb2315d569
Inclusion body of CMV is -
Cowdry type A
Cowdry type B
Intranuclear
Cytoplasmic
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Intranuclear Cytomegalovirus (CMV)* Also known as salivary gland virus* CMV is the largest virus amongst herpes viruses* They are characterized by enlargment of infected cells (cytomegalic cells) and intranuclear inclusions.* Intranuclear inclusion is eccentrically placed and is surrounded by a halo -...
Microbiology
Virology
be111f87-e693-4152-b6da-b7e995485f1e
Which organ is the primary site of hematopoiesis in the fetus before midpregnancy
Bone
Liver
Spleen
Lung
1b
single
Primary site of gematopoesis in fetus before mid pregnancy is liver. Reference : Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition, p.no:330
Pediatrics
Hematology
813329e2-047a-487a-86ba-dffd43e3f86f
All are true about Huntington's disease except:
Chorea
Behavioral disturbance
Early onset of memory loss
Cog-wheel rigidity.
2c
multi
Answer is C (Early onset memory loss): 'Memory loss is frequently not impaired until late in the disease' Memory loss is frequently not impaired until late in the disease, although attention judgement & executive functions may be seriously deficient at an early stage. Involvement of extrapyramidal system (caudate nucle...
Medicine
null
29778bfa-e282-4fca-afd2-8a04c968a951
TT splint was not used for ?
Injuries around knee joint
Knee dislocation
Infective ahritis of knee
Fracture femur
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Infective ahritis of knee Thomas splint (TT splint) can be used - Fracture shaft femur Subtrachetric femur fracture Injuries around knee (including after reduction of dislocation). Thomas splint is not indicated in cases of infective ahritis of knee
Surgery
null
53992cc3-3882-45b0-a669-85b9b71abb48
A 16-year-old boy is rushed to the emergency room after sustaining a stab wound to the chest during a fight. Physical examination reveals a 1-cm entry wound at the right 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line. His temperature is 37degC (98.6degF), respirations are 35 per minute and blood pressure is 90/50 mm H...
Atelectasis
Chylothorax
Diffuse alveolar damage
Pyothorax
0a
single
Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the pleural cavity, may be due to traumatic perforation of the pleura or may be spontaneous. Traumatic causes include penetrating wounds of the chest wall (e.g., stab wound or a rib fracture). Pneumothorax causes collapse of a previously expanded lung, a condition that ...
Pathology
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
385e6386-94ff-46b0-bcee-68c80ca220a5
Plasmid?
Involved in multidrug resistance transfer
Involved capsule formation
Impas capsule formation
Impas pili formation
0a
single
Plasmids are circular DNA molecule present in the cytoplasm of bacteria, capable of autonomous replication (independent replicons). By their ability to transfer genes from one cells to another , plasmids have become impoant vectors in genetic engineering . Plasmids may also be seen in yeasts, which are eukaryotes . pla...
Microbiology
general microbiology
52ecb9fd-5813-4f6e-83d2-e426363777b8
Drug of choice for warfarin toxicity:
Protamine sulfate
Vitamin K
Dipyridamole
Ticlopidine
1b
single
Ans. B. Vitamin KWarfarin is oral anticoagulant which inhibit the vitamin K dependent clotting factors. Bleeding is the adverse effect seen with overdose of warfarin. Fresh frozen plasma can be given to supply the clotting factors but specific antidote is vitamin K. It is usually prescribed when INR is between 5-9.
Pharmacology
Hematology
10ab2efb-e7bd-4512-bec5-aed5b65f2dfa
Which of the following statements is true about diaphragm?
Left side pushed down by hea
Left side lower than right side
Right side lower than left side
Hernia common on right side
2c
multi
The Diaphragm This thin fibromuscular paition between thoracic and abdominal cavities is an impoant muscle of respiration.When it contracts,it increases the veical extend of thoracic cavity by paially flatenning its dome and displacingthe abdominal contents downwards.The firous,central pa of the diapgragm(central tendo...
Anatomy
Thorax
ed2f988a-d7a7-421d-a8f7-086378e488be
Tactile hallucination seen in abuse with ?
Heroine
Cocaine
Cannabis
Alcohol
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cocaine Magnan's symptoms is tactile hallucination (formication) i.e. feeling of bugs crawling under the skin is seen with cocaine abuse/ poisoning. Cocaine Cocaine is an alkaloid derived from the Coca bush, Erythrexylum CoCa. It was the first local anaesthetic which was used clinically. Toxicity of c...
Forensic Medicine
null
e0d440a5-25b2-446e-834e-7d37ceffbbc8
A wide and notched P wave is ty pically seen in -
Mitral stenosis
Cor-Pulmonale
COPD
Pulmonary embolism
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mitral stenosis o Mitral stenosis is typically associated with a Wide and Notched P wave from Left Atrial Enlargement (LAE).o Cor-Pulmonate, COPD and Pulmonary embolism are all associated with Right Atrial Enlargement resulting in a Tall P wave (not a wide p wave).o P wave becomes "tall" in RA enlarge...
Medicine
Electrocardiography
3532cfb8-81ca-4317-a6ff-1794555894c9
Ba test is:-
HCG + AFP + Placental alk.Phosphatase
AFP + Uric acid + LDH
HCG + AFP + Unconjugated Estriol
HCG + AFP + PAPP-A
2c
single
Ba test is also known as Triple marker test It is combined biochemical test which includes MSAFP , hCG & UE3. In an affected pregnancy , level of MSAFP and UE3 tend to be low while hCG is high
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Obstetrics
7f61f554-87ff-43e3-9d31-edadaea518b8
Dense calcification is found in -a) Osteosarcomab) Chondroblastomac) Synovial sarcomad) Osteoblastoma
abd
bcd
abc
ab
0a
single
Dense, homogenous mineralization (calcification) is typical of osteoid matrix, formed by benign and malignant bone -forming lesions:However, osteoid matrix is not always mineralized. Calcified rings and arcs, dense punctate calcification, and flocculent calcification (small, loosely aggregated masses) are pattern of mi...
Orthopaedics
null
aa630a6b-699a-4750-8710-02107f8762ce
An eleven year old boy is having tinea capitis on his scalp. The most appropriate line of treatment is:
Oral griseofulvin therapy
Topical griseofulvin therapy
Shaving of the scalp
Selenium sulphide shampoo
0a
single
A i.e. Oral griseofulvin Tenia capitis is most commonly caused by Microsporum canis > Trichophyton tonsurans; and never caused by Epidermophyton as it does not involve hair. It presents with localized non-cicatrial (mostly) alopecia, itching, scaling with or without boggy swelling of scalp & easily pluckable hair. Tini...
Skin
null
aa92023b-fd15-467e-b404-ca951dbd57cf
Dural hemorrhage seen in
Brain
Kidney
Hea
Lung
0a
single
*dural hemorrhage occur due to rupture of cerebral veins in the dural space . An intracranial hematoma is a collection of blood within the skull, most commonly caused by rupture of a blood vessel within the brain or from trauma such as a car accident or fall. The blood collection can be within the brain ptissue or unde...
Medicine
C.N.S
b451a763-925a-450b-b345-37630d18e2c3
A woman with major depressive disorder underwent electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Which of the following increases on ECT?
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
Dopamine
Serotonin
Brain derived neurotrophic factor
3d
single
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) also increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor (tyrosine kinase receptor B) in hippocampus and dentate gyrus, a process associated with neurogenesis and increased neural plasticity. Ref: Principles and Practice of Psychopharmacotherapy By Philip G. Ja...
Psychiatry
null
f6d19b13-85db-4154-959b-1cf50fd51b86
24 yr old woman walking up experiences pain in heel which decreases on walking down. X-ray shows bone spur. Diagnosis -
Plantar fasciitis
Calcaneal exostosis
Osteomyelitis of calcaneum
Achillis tendinitis
3d
single
ACHILLES TENDINITIS Athletes, joggers and hikers often develop pain and swelling around the tendo Achillis, due to local irritation of the tendon sheath or the paratenon. PATHOLOGY :The condition usually affects the 'watershed' area about 4 cm above the inseion of the tendon, an area where the blood supply to the tendo...
Orthopaedics
Bony dysplasia and soft tissue affection
fc04f4e2-8cfc-45cc-b81c-f2536131ec24
Ovarian aery is a branch of :
Abdominal aoa
Anterior iliac aery
Common iliac aery
Posterior iliac aery
0a
single
A. i.e. Abdominal aoa
Anatomy
null
bd3993c6-d978-4dcc-b5cf-32da83b0cf4e
Goodpasture's disease is characterized by all except:
Glomerulonephritis
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
Presence of antibodies to BM
1b
multi
Ans. i.e., b Leukocytoclastic vasculitis Goodpasture Syndrome -It is diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome Q characterized by presence of circulating autoantibodies targeted against the basement membrane of the kidney and lung. The antibodies initiate an inflammatory destruction of the basement membrane in kidney glome...
Medicine
Glomerular Diseases
781dabd7-9df7-44da-8542-6cc8d5e77027
Most rapid test for diagnosis of malaria is ?
Thick blood smear
HRP-2 antigen
Thin blood smear
PCR
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., HRP-2 antigen Rapid diagnostic tests are simple and the procedure can be performed on the spot in field conditions. These tests use finger-stick or venous blood, the completed test takes a total of 15-20 minutes, and a laboratory is not needed.Rapid diagnostic tests are antigen based and directed agai...
Microbiology
null
c4e3b5c3-f05e-433f-93f9-5ffc6bf2028f
Earliest radiological change in RA:
Decreased joint space
Aicular erosion
Periaicular osteopenia
Subchondral cyst
2c
single
Radiological features of RA Evidence of soft tissue swelling and joint effusion Symmetrical involvement Juxta-aicular osteopenia (within weeks) Loss of aicular cailage and bone erosions (after months) Narrowing of joint space Aicular destruction and joint deformity, e.g. subluxation of atlantoaxial and cervical joints ...
Medicine
Rheumatoid Ahritis
a6dd231e-fc70-4d0a-b50b-02f2a42d1930
A 3 year old child presents with four days history of puffiness of face, fever and tea coloured urine. During the course of his disease, he can have any of the complications except-
Hypokalemia
Hypeensive encephalopathy
Acute renal failure
Acidosis
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hypokalemia It is a case of acute nephritic syndrome which can result in ARF. In ARF there is hyperkalemia (not hypokalemia) and acidosis. Acute nephritic syndrome is also characterized by hypeension, So hypeensive encephalopathy may also occur.
Pediatrics
null
87a02c61-c5cf-43e0-adc0-24727e98e5db
Choose the Non motile organism from the following-
E. coli
Vibrio cholera
Proteus mirabilis
Shigella dysentery
3d
single
Shigella are sho Gram negative rods , they are non motile non sporing and non capsulated . Fimbriae may be present The given image proves shigella is less motile and therefore does not show turbidity through out the medium Ref: Ananthanarayan & panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition page no 285
Microbiology
general microbiology
de7f0b46-699f-48bd-9093-85d74fc3ae1b
A dense renogram is obtained by
Dehydrating the patient
Increasing the dose of contrast media
Rapid (Bolus) injection of dye
Using non ionic media
2c
single
C i.e. Rapid (Bolus) injection of dye Dense nephrogram or intensified renal images are obtained (iatrogenically) by - - Rapid/bolus injection of same contrast dose concentration (preferred method)(2. - Increased contrast concentration is less preferred than rapid injection method. The quantity that can be used safely d...
Radiology
null
2fb10eb6-7899-4770-ae74-fd810d176a22
A 34 year old female comes to psychiatrist with complaints of ' always feeling worried'. She repos that she always feels anxious and irritable and that her sleep is worsening gradually. What is the likely diagnosis-
Agoraphobia
Generalised anxiety disorder
Major depression
Dysthymia
1b
multi
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive, uncontrolled, and irrational worry about everyday things that is out of propoion to the actual source of the worry. The worry impairs function, as the patient typically catastrophizes and becomes overly concerned with normal issues of health, money, work...
Psychiatry
Neurotic, Stress Related and Somatoform Disorders
a0c34843-540e-48f0-abfa-7e24d33f4c00
DNA repair defect is seen in:
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Li-fraumani syndrome
Retinoblastoma
None
0a
multi
Ans. (a) Xeroderma pigmentosumRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30th ed. pg. 389-90, 28th ed.pg. 330-32* Xeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive genetic disease which arises due to defect in DNA repair particularly of thymidine dimers.Examples of Conditions Arising due to DNA Repair Defects:* Xeroderma pigmentosa* At...
Biochemistry
Proteins and Amino Acids
0034a9e9-5e18-4940-ab09-7f4355b1505a
Lack of insight is not a feature of:
Panic disorder.
Schizophrenia.
Mania.
Reactive Psychosis.
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' panic disorder Impairment of insight is a feature of psychotic disorders.Panic disorder is not a Psychotic disorder, it is a neurotic disease.Go through the following differences between psychotic & neurotic diseases :Psychotic diseasesNeurotic diseasesGross impairment in contact with reality Marked disturb...
Psychiatry
Schizophreniform Disorder
9001321f-6ed3-4c40-b2c7-bd83f40f0956
A 64-year-old man is having difficulty getting out of a chair. He has lost 15 lb and feels tired all the time. On examination, there is a blue purple rash on his eyelids and knuckles, and muscle strength in his proximal muscles is rated 4 out of 5. His creatinine kinase (CK) level is elevated and he is started on predn...
testing of muscle strength
sedimentation rates
urine transaminase enzymes
EMG
0a
multi
The course of muscle necrosis in dermatomyositis can be best followed by repeated CK determinations. Repeated muscle biopsies are rarely required. However, the goal of therapy is to increase muscle strength and function, so following muscle strength is the key clinical assessment of response to therapy.
Medicine
Miscellaneous
792338b9-6b39-4bd6-b07d-b54dd60cdf1a
Botulism is most commonly due to -
Egg
Milk
Meat
Canned vegetables
3d
single
The most common food associated with botulism are home preserved foods such as home canned vegetables, smoked or pickled fish, home made cheese and similar low acid food Ref: Apurba Sastry’s Essentials of Medical Microbiology 1/e p264, Park 22/e p217
Microbiology
null
498cdf2d-77ed-4333-9e3b-e392d76e376d
Urinary bladder develops from ?
Preallantoic hind gut
Proctodeum
Cloaca
None
2c
multi
Postallantoic pa of hind gut is the dilated endodermal cloaca, which is separated from the surface by cloacal mambrane.Urorectal septum divides endodermal cloacae into :-i) Anterior pa, known as primitive urogenital sinus, which develops into urinary bladder and urethra.ii) Posterior pa, known as primitive rectum, whic...
Anatomy
null
c1bd2def-7d08-4b0a-ac4a-e8e9eb290875
Which of the following anti-cancer drugs is cell cycle specific?
Ifosfamide
Melphalan
Vinblastine
Cyclophosphamide
2c
single
Cell cycle specific Kill only actively dividing cells. Their toxicity is generally expressed in S phase. However, these drugs may show considerable phase selectivity eg VINCA ALKALOIDS These are mitotic inhibitors, bind to microtubular protein-'tubulin', prevent its polymerization and assembly of microtubules, cause di...
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
a22ba2d1-ceb3-4742-a67f-4d8d0e4e2c3e
Drug that is safe in G6PD deficiency:
Primaquine
Acetanilide
Quinidine
Dapsone
2c
single
c. Quinidine(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2335, Ghai 8/e p 339)Quinidine does not carry risk of hemolysis in persons with G-6-PD deficiency.
Pediatrics
C.V.S.
66fa5045-ab71-4e3f-9829-66fd6247cd3e
Commonest complication of chronic gastric ulcer is which of the following?
Adenocarcinoma
Perforation
Lymphoma
Haematenesis
3d
single
GI bleed is the commonest complication of acute or chronic gastric ulcer. Outlet obstruction is the least commonest complication.
Surgery
null
3ee95dcb-082f-42df-a56c-b7557b4519e6
Type 1 thyroplasty is for
Vocal cord shoening
Vocal cord lengthening
Vocal cord medialization
Vocal cord lateralization
2c
single
Thyroplasty types Type I: It is medial displacement of vocal cord as in achieved in Teflon paste injection. Type II: It is lateral displacement of the vocal cord and is used to improve the airway. Type III: It is used to shoen the vocal cord. Relaxation of vocal cord lowers the pitch. This procedure is done in mutation...
ENT
Larynx
9e963daa-10bf-4fdb-a9c5-4900aea72455
Pharmacokinetic characteristics of propranolol include Vd = 300 L/70 kg, C1 = 700 mL/min, and oral bioavailability f = 0.25. What is the dose needed to achieve a plasma level equivalent to a steady state level of 20 mg/L?
4 mg
12 mg
24 mg
48 mg
2c
single
LD = 300L x 20 mg/L / 0.25 = 6000 mg/0.25 = 24,000 mg or 24 mg Ref:- kd tripathi; pg num:-33
Pharmacology
General pharmacology