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3084edf2-d176-43aa-87f4-412ea4098b47 | In alpha-thalassemia trait,electrophoresis shows:March 2005 | Increased HbF and normal HbA2 | Normal HbF and normal HbA2 | Normal HbF and decreased HbA2 | Decreased HbF and normal HbA2 | 1b | single | Ans. B: Normal HbF and normal HbA2Alpha (0) thalassemia -Individuals with this disorder are not able to produce any functional alpha-globin and thus are unable to make any functional hemoglobin A, F, or A2. This leads to the development of hydrops fetalis, also known as hemoglobin Ba, a condition that is incompatible w... | Medicine | null |
d57b15c5-ebd6-424d-be7a-062f4f2d6d6a | Heller’s cardiomyotomy done for: | CHPS | Achalasia | GERD | Duodenal stenosis | 1b | single | Ref. API Textbook of Medicine. Pg. 1099
Management of achlasia cardia
1st line: calcium channel blockers
2 nd line: Pneumatic dilatation
3rd line: surgery -Hellers cardiomyotomy - it involves cutting the lower oesophgus and cardia.
The major complication is Gastroesophageal reflux and therefore additional Partial an... | Unknown | null |
1bf06c06-d854-421f-bc61-c0297e04fad9 | Which causes raised angiotensin in blood? | Increased blood volume | Raised cardiac output | Decreased blood pressure | Increased sympathetic tone | 2c | single | A polypeptide in the blood that causes vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and the release of aldosterone from the adrenal coex. Angiotensin is formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen, an alpha-2-glycoprotein that is produced in the liver and that constantly circulates in the blood. Renin, stimulated b... | Physiology | Renal physiology |
87c4d89a-606e-4b18-8dab-8805def910c0 | If an adolescent boy falls on a out-stretched hand, the most common bone to be injured is | Fracture of lower end of radius | Fracture of both bones of forearm | Scaphoid fracture | Supracondylar fracture of humerus | 2c | multi | C i.e. Scaphoid | Surgery | null |
5c073270-6561-4154-99d9-10617c5396bf | The treatment of choice in a 56 years old woman with endometrial cancer is : | Irradiation | Weheim's hysterectomy | Pan hysterectomy | Irradiation and later panhysterectomy | 2c | single | Pan hysterectomy | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
66f689b9-89a9-4556-8dbf-526ccf05d4eb | A 9 year old girl receives an intradermal tuberculin injection and later develops an indurated, erythematous papule 12 mm in diameter. This reaction is an example of which of the following? | Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity | Local anaphylaxis | T-cell mediated cytotoxicity | Type IV hypersensitivity | 3d | single | The tuberculin reaction is an example of delayed-type hypersensitivity (a form of Type IV hypersensitivity) in which the bulk of the tissue damage is done by macrophages that are stimulated by a few previously sensitized CD4+ memory T-cells recognizing antigens presented by the macrophages. In contrast, in T-cell media... | Medicine | null |
6326359b-7749-493e-b915-f5c0539e56a8 | In order to maintain the health of the tissue, beneath a pontic it is desirable to : | Have passive contact with the ridge without blanching of the tissue. | Patients' flossing is more important than the pontic design itself. | Highly glazed porcelain is the material of choice to contact with the ridge. | All of the above. | 3d | multi | Gingival surface of pontic:
• In order to maintain the health of the tissue beneath a pontic it is desirable to
— Have passive contact with ridge without blanching of the tissue.
— Have minimal tissue contact
• The gingival surface of a pontic should be concave buccolingually and convex mesiodistally.
• Highly glazed ... | Dental | null |
b3044dae-f273-45f2-98ee-35398654521b | Agent used in opioid abuse substitution therapy is? | Naloxone | Naltrexone | Methadone | Butarphanole | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Methadone Maintenance therapy for opioid addiction* Once detoxification phase is over (i.e., withdrawal symptoms have been managed), the patient is maintained on any of the following drugs to prevent relapse by reducing craving and preventing 'kick' or 'euphoria' produced by opioids (morphine or heroi... | Psychiatry | Substance Abuse |
6dc92154-4813-4778-bf1f-2d17b3f38d6e | Which drug is not included in RNTCP regime for MDR TB - | Cycloserine | Ethionamide | Levofloxacin | PAS | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., PAS Treatment of multidrug resistance (MDR) TBo MDR-TB is defined as resistance to at least both IIS H and rifampicin. Previously it was classified as Category IV under DOTS (DOTS-PLUS).o The treatment is given in two phases, the intestive phase (IP) and the continuation phase (CP). The total duration... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health Programmes in India |
26203884-57d8-4e14-8526-8359ab579392 | Features of hypothyroidism in infancy include the following except - | Premature closure of posterior fontanelle | Coarse facies | Umbilical hernia | Constipation | 0a | multi | There is delayed closure of posterior fontanelle. | Pediatrics | null |
97cc1961-2912-4c02-a15b-8c36356bf1bb | Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins is by using | Phenol | Absolute alcohol | 70% alcohol | All | 0a | multi | Ans. is a i.e. Phenol Sclerosing agents mentioned in the latest editions of Schwaz, CSDT and Bailey are:- hypeonic saline,- sodium tetradecyl sulfate, and- polidocanol2 other sclerosants are mentioned in KDT 6/e p597- Ethanolamine oleate- Phenol in almond oil or Peanut oil | Surgery | null |
83934011-54f8-4033-a0de-71b59d29ab23 | Human is the only reservoir for | Rabies | Tetanus | Measles | JE virus | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Measles Reservoir of infection may be :? Human reservoir Non - Human reservoir Animal or bird Non - living things (e.g. - soil) Most impoant reservoir or source of infection for human is man itself. However, most of the infections have nonhuman reservoir also. There are some infections, which have onl... | Microbiology | null |
503bfb75-ab3e-426c-a023-72148115be48 | Copper penny bodies are seen in | Chromoblastomycosis | Phaeohyphomycosis | Histoplasmosis | Cryptococcosis | 0a | single | Ans: a (Chromoblastomycosis)Ref: Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 21st ed.Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic infection of the skin and soft tissue.Characterized by the presence of muriform fungal structures called sclerotic bodies (copper penny bodies) within the infected tissues. | Pathology | Skin |
3e9e150d-76b3-4d41-a8c1-aef0c3b7d0c1 | Which cell type(s) have action potentials in the retina of the human eye? | Bipolar cells and ganglion cells | Bipolar cells only | Bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and ganglion cells | Ganglion cells only | 3d | single | Ganglion cells are the only cell type in the retina that have action potentials. The axons of ganglion cells comprise the optic nerve. Bipolar cells, cones, rods, horizontal cells, and other cell types in the retina signal information by electrotonic conduction, which allows a graded response propoional to light intens... | Physiology | Special Senses |
8a71fa0a-3d0f-4b02-a5b8-6a480890491d | Paget&;s disease also known as - | Osteitis deformans | Osteitis fibrosa cystica | Osteochondritis | Osteomalacia | 0a | single | Paget&;s disease also called as Osteitis deformans is a condition characterised by a tendency for one or bones to bend,get thickened and spongy. Tibia is affected commonly. The bone is soft and vascular initiallly but becomes dense and hard later. The disease begins after 40 years of age. Presenting complaints are dull... | Orthopaedics | Metabolic and endocrine disorders |
97dc3637-e3e0-49c8-ba81-a42a7fa8dd2a | The most common complication of varicose vein stripping is: | Infection | Hemorrhage | Ecchymosis | Thromboembolism | 2c | single | Complications of varicose vein surgery Recurrence (MC): Incidence of recurrence after surgery in upto 10%. Hematoma or Ecchymosis: MC cause of discomfo after varicose vein surgery Sensory nerve injury Greater saphenous vein should only be stripped to just below the knee to avoid damage to the accompanying saphenous ner... | Surgery | Venous Disorders |
3eb365b8-0afd-446b-a9bd-e6f3800bf9f6 | Muscle causing supination of forearm | Biceps brachii | Brachioradialis | Flexor digitorum superficialis | Anconeus | 0a | single | SUPINATION & PRONATION OF FOREARM:-Perform skilled movements.Elbow is semiflexed in mid prone position.Palm turned down in pronation and upwards in supination.Rotatory movement of forearm which occur at superior and inferior radioulnar joints around a veical axis.In supination, radius and ulna lie parallel to each othe... | Anatomy | Upper limb |
163b1c20-9ed6-4595-8ba7-b6b94c642846 | An antidepressant drug which is known to have both high sedative and anticholinergic activity is: | Phenelzine | Amitriptyline | Fluoxetine | Trazodone | 1b | multi | (Ref: KDT 6/e p443, 444) Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) possess anticholinergic and sedative propeies. Amitriptyline and tripitramine possess highest sedative and antimuscarinic actions. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects |
61576c0b-c065-4bad-87b8-b3e2107b5d00 | Not true regarding influenza virus is- | All types exhibit antigenic shift | Only type A shows antigenic drift | Drift is accumulation of point mutations | None of the above | 0a | multi | The influenza A virus is unique among the viruses because it is frequently subject to antigenic variation, both major and minor. When there is a sudden complete or major change, it is called a shift, and when the antigenic change is gradual over a period of time, it is called a drift . Antigenic shift results from gene... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
dce20812-7961-4837-982f-732f090cda3d | Psoriasis is exacerbated by - | Lithium | B blockers | Antimalarials | All of the above | 3d | multi | Psoriasis is exacerbated by scratches, surgical incisions and injuries( isomorphic or koebners phenomenon), beta hemolytic streptococcal infection, HIV infection, antimalarials, lithium, beta adrenergic blocker, NSAIDs, coicosteroids withdrawal. From illustrated synopsis of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases... | Dental | Papulosquamous disorders |
e6e67570-8189-4819-82a6-2477c381df44 | Seen in Colles A/E: | Proximal shift | Dorsal tilt | Lateral tilt | Pronation | 3d | single | D i.e. Pronation | Surgery | null |
56e3b418-173b-47bf-a6dd-40864f1c17cd | All are true about warfarin except | It inhibits the activation of vitamin K dependent clotting factors | It's half life is 36hrs | It can cross placenta | It's dose is increased in liver disease | 3d | multi | Refer Katzung 11/e p595 Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the gamma carboxylation of glutamate residues in vitamin K dependent clotting factors It has a long half life It readily crosses the placenta Liver disease reduces the synthesis of clotting factors thus increases the effect of warfarin | Pharmacology | Respiratory system |
92353c07-f3e0-4492-91d4-7121edb744f9 | Which of the following is not a sequelae of trachoma? | Proptosis | Tylosis | Pseudocyst | Dacrocystitis | 0a | single | Proptosis REF: Khurana 4th ed p. 66 Sequelae of trachoma: Lids : entropion, tylosis, ptosis, madarosis , ankyloblepharon Conjuctiva: concretions, pseudocyst, xerosis, symblepharon. Cornea: opacity, ectasia, xerosis. Others: Dacrocystitis, chronic dacryoadenitis. | Ophthalmology | null |
0aa17125-7ab4-49e6-b2f0-d047e91e1ac7 | Which of the following is true about Corynebacterium diphtheriae? | Loeffler's serum is highly selective media for C. diphtheriae | Elek gel is a precipitation test | Gram negative bacilli, non-motile, non capsulated | Metachromatic granules is produced on stain only by one strain of C. diphtheriae | 1b | multi | Elek gel is a precipitation test. - Loeffler's serum slope is an Enriched medium. - Selective medium for C. diphtheriae is tellurite blood agar (eg. Mc Leod's and Hoyle's media or cystine - tellurite agar - Tinsdale medium). - Elek's gel is a precipitation test. It is an in vitro test for toxigenicity of the diphtheria... | Microbiology | Systemic Bacteriology (Gram Positive Bacilli, Gram Negative Bacilli) |
ced0e6e7-048a-467e-aa7e-e10def9ebb5e | Which of the following is not used as a disinfectant? | 1-2% Cetrimide | 100% Alcohol | 2% Lysol | 5% Chloroxylene | 1b | single | A 70% solution of alcohol takes more time in evaporation from the surface, increasing the contact time. Therefore, 70% isopropyl alcohol is suitable for disinfection.
100% isopropyl alcohol coagulates the protein instantly creating a protein layer that protects the remaining protein from further coagulation. | Microbiology | null |
3abd194c-7d1c-4941-99e8-4593523f4b10 | Endotoxin from gram negative organism is: | Polysaccharide | Glycoprotein | Lipoprotein | Lipopolysaccharide | 3d | single | Ans. (d) Lipopolysaccharide Ref. Alum ilianarayan o/c, p 78, 'able (9.1), 9/e, p 75 Distinguishing features of exotoxins and endotoxins Proteins Heat labile Actively secreted by cells; diffuse into surrounding medium Readily separable from cultures by physical means such as filtration Action usually enzymic Specific ph... | Microbiology | null |
cdbd5220-0f35-4aba-a95a-c6abb476f9df | The following are the pa of the triad of "Heat stroke" Except | Anhidrosis | Prickly heat | CNS dysfunction | Hyperpyrexia (rectal temperature >40* C) | 1b | multi | The classic triad of symptoms in 'Heatstroke' includes core temperatures in excess of 104 Fahrenheit (40 c), profuse sweating, and neurological disturbances such as difficulty walking, confusion, irritability and coma. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 748 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease |
7af909bb-f603-4c9d-a89b-110085f3828c | A malignant pustule is | Anthrax ulcer | Proliferating rodent ulcer | Malignant melanoma | Marjolin's ulcer | 0a | single | Cutaneous anthrax: lesion stas as a papule 1-3 days after infection and becomes vesicular, containing a fluid which may be clear or bloodstained. The whole area is congested, edematous and several satellite lesions filled with serum or yellow fluid are arranged around a central necrotic lesion which is covered by a bla... | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
d93de54c-52d2-44f6-b36c-92f129dfc8c7 | Parents of a 6 month old baby are worried about the swollen gums of their child. The baby seems to have a loss of appetite and there is increased drooling. The maximum number of topical lignocaine application that can be used in this situation is? | Once a day | Twice a day | Three or four times a day. | Topical lignocaine cannot be used. | 2c | single | Inflammation of the gingival tissues before complete emergence of the crown may cause a temporary painful condition that subsides within a few days. The surgical removal of the tissue covering the tooth to facilitate eruption is not indicated. If the child is having extreme difficulty, the application of a nonirritatin... | Dental | null |
4ffc7805-8676-4f41-a359-c77cceb2ac4a | Herpes gestatioinalis is | Caused by Herpes virus | Autoimmune reaction to collagen XVII in basement membrane of skin | Neutrophilic degranulation at dermal - epidermal junction | Less severe in subsequent pregnancies. | 1b | single | Herpes gestationalis (pemphigoid gestationis ) is characterized by eosinophilic degranulation at dermal-epidermal junction. Becomes severe with subsequent pregnancies. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
2cf55062-9eb0-4341-b5ff-b73da3a17f48 | The aerial blood glucose concentration in normal humans after a meal is in the range of | 30 to 50 mg/dL | 50 to 70 mg/dL | 120 to 150 mg/dL | 220 to 250 mg/dL | 2c | single | . | Anatomy | All India exam |
b3a7e808-128c-407a-8d81-cd9cf19bc6e4 | Repeated or sustained contact of teeth other than during mastication is called as: | Malfunction | Parafunction | Hyperfunction | Hypofunction | 1b | multi | Parafunction in dentistry refers to those activities of the stomatognathic system that would be considered to fall outside of functional activities. Lip and cheek chewing, fingernail biting, and teeth clenching are examples of parafunctional activity.
Bruxism (GPT-9):
1. The parafunctional grinding of teeth.
2. An ora... | Dental | null |
c1408d92-52e8-4c77-a2f1-cc436351fd57 | Investigation of choice for SCIWORA is | CT | X-ray | MRI | All of the above | 2c | multi | 'SCIWORA' is the abbretion of 'spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality'. MRI is the Investigation of Choice and has normal plain film and CT findings. It tends to occur in the paediatric population and involves upper cervical spinal cord. MRI cervical-dorsal spine Sagitta view of a paediatric patient showin... | Radiology | Neuroradiology |
5c600d7f-14f1-436e-9dcc-0bbd37120389 | Which of the following statements regarding formal thought disorder is true? NOT RELATED-PSYCHIATRY | It is found only in schizophrenia | It may be found in bipolar patients | Delusions are a form of thought disorder | Ideas of reference are a form of thought disorder | 1b | multi | It may be found in bipolar patientsA Formal thought disorder is common in schizophrenia, although it is also encountered in mania and depression.B Forms of formal thought disorder characterized by a disturbance of the flow of ideation include thought blocking, povey of speech, and flight of ideas.C Disturbances of thou... | Pharmacology | All India exam |
39435794-638c-4f8e-b40a-40c4b876c966 | Action of vincristine - | Tubulin inhibitor | Antimetabolite | Adenylate cyclase inhibitor | Anti folate | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tubulin inhibitorVincristine (Oncovin)o Alkaloid derived from Vinca rosae.o Vincristine belongs to the plant alkaloid group of anticancer.o Rapidly acting anticancero This class of drugs are also known as spindle poison,o These drugs bind to microtubular protein (tubulin)o The drug-tubulin complex the... | Pharmacology | Anti-Neoplastic Agents |
537d7669-13fa-4a62-87d0-9a9aec670014 | Asymptomatic carriage of gonococcal infection in female is commonly seen in : | Endocervix | Vagina | Urethra | Fornix | 0a | single | Endocervix | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
4e602511-536f-4311-b199-fb7c60c230f4 | Coenzyme responsible for carboxylation reaction is: | Biotin | FAD | NADH | Thiamine pyrophosphate | 0a | single | Biotin | Biochemistry | null |
b2c39998-87ad-43b9-9b61-746127a347d1 | NADPH actions in RBC are a/e | Produce ATP | Stabilizes the membrane | Reductive biosynthesis | GP6D deficiency causes decreased synthesis of NADPH | 0a | single | ATP is not produced by NADPH. ATP is produced by reducing equivalents like NADH, FADH2. W When NADH and other reducing equivalents transfer their electrons through Electron transpo chain in the Mitochondrial inner membrane and generate proton motive force which brings about the ATP synthesis by the ATP synthase complex... | Pharmacology | All India exam |
61f45db4-e63d-49d3-857c-c607698a1340 | Most common tumor of small bowel in children: | Lymphoma | Carcinoma | Leiomyosarcoma | Adenocarcinoma | 0a | multi | SMALL - BOWEL NEOPLASM MC tumor of small bowel : Stromal tumor> Adenoma MC tumor of small bowel in children: Lymphoma MC malignant tumor of small bowel: Adenocarcinoma >Carcinoid MC site of small bowel malignancy, carcinoids, lymphoma: Ileum | Surgery | Small intestine |
44855ee7-0b35-45d0-a3df-1c0aa92f15a4 | A primigravida at term pregnancy is in labor and on escalating doses of inj oxytocin. CTG shows persistent declarations after each contraction. On pelvic examination, patient is fully dilated, veex is positioned at station above 0 with caput. What is the best management? | Increase oxytocin drop rate | Ventouse delivery | Outlet Forceps delivery | Caesarean delivery | 3d | multi | The patient is showing persistent late type of decelerations suggestive of non-reassuring Fetal Hea status, therefore delivery must be expedited with either instrumental delivery or caesarean section Since an impoant prerequisite for outlet forceps or ventouse application is that the fetal skull should have reached the... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Caesarean section |
da1b64cb-3fef-4a1b-b5b1-c891ae878b8f | Peak HCG levels are by what intrauterine age? | 7-9 weeks | 11-13 weeks | 20 weeks | 25 weeks | 0a | single | ANSWTER: (A) 7-9 weeksREF: Dutta 6th ed p. 58-59HCG is a glycoprotien with two subunitsThe beta subunit is unique to it and is specific.Synth sized by syncytiotrophoblastsHalf life is 24 hoursIn early pregnancy doubling time is 1.4-2 daysCan be detected as early as 8 days following ovulation by immuno assayLevels progr... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Endocrinology in Relation to Reproduction |
4049dc66-4552-4c30-a1a9-d868e7550c21 | Aicular cailage at the end of bones is composed of which of the following? | Fibrocailage | Hyaline cailage | Elastic cailage | Chondronectin | 1b | single | Aicular Cailage is the small rim of hyaline cailage remaining at the end of bones. Hyaline cailage is also found in the respiratory tract, nose, ribs, and forms the model for fetal bone formation. | Anatomy | null |
f5449b79-6862-4e43-869a-407a9be887f7 | All of the following are causes of hypocalcemia, EXCEPT | Acute pancreatitis | Chronic renal failure | Hypoparathyroidism | Vitamin D intoxication | 3d | multi | Vitamin D intoxication leads to elevated plasma concentration of calcium This can lead to contraction of blood vessels, high blood pressure, and calcinosis--the calcification of soft tissues. Causes of hypercalcemia Causes of hypocalcemia Hyperparathyroidism Multiple myeloma and other osteolytic diseases Metastatic car... | Biochemistry | Vitamins and Minerals |
c4ee82c1-c51d-4ad6-8d38-8b1d5fcd7464 | The scientist who discovered the transmission of malaria by anopheline mosquito - | Laveran | Paul muller | Ronal Ross | Pampana | 2c | single | Discovery Malarial parasite-Charles Laveran Life cycle-A.Bignami,B.Grassi, G.Bastianelli Anopheles species are vectors-Ronald Ross Culture malarial parasite-Trager and Jensen (refer pgno:54 baveja 3 rd edition ) | Microbiology | parasitology |
f67ade7d-81b8-4653-b9c5-f9d722c80a3c | Which of the following is true about celiac sprue:September 2009 | Associated with HLA-DR4 | Antiendomysial antibodies are highly specific and sensitive than other antibodies | Anti-gliadin antibodies are IgA/IgG | No predisposition to malignancy | 2c | multi | Ans. C: Anti-gliadin antibodies are IgA/IgG | Pathology | null |
86a06a5c-416a-4d22-bc3d-24965963005d | Pseudoglioma differs from Retinoblastoma in that pseudoglioma is associated with | Decreased intraocular pressure | Blurring of vision | Enlargement of the optic foramen | All of the above | 0a | multi | A i.e. Decreased intraocular pressure | Ophthalmology | null |
b8a160ab-f880-4a13-bf47-11eb93456a78 | Which of the following is the earliest post operative complication of ileostomy? | Obstruction | Prolapse | Necrosis | Diarrhea | 2c | single | Stoma necrosis is the earliest complication of ileostomy which occur in the early postoperative period. It is caused by skeletonizing the small bowel and/ or creating a tight fascial defect. Other complications of ileostomy are: stoma retraction, dehydration with fluid electrolyte abnormalities, skin irritation, obstru... | Surgery | null |
06bf8d55-aba2-49e5-9014-85e62e7458b1 | Lumbar canal stenosis presents as | Claudication | Scoliotic deformity | Kyphotic deformity | Radiculopathy | 0a | single | The patient of lumbar canal stenosis is usually a man aged over 50, complains of aching, heaviness, numbness an paraesthesia in the thighs and legs; it comes on after standing upright or walking for 5-10 minutes, and is consistently relieved by sitting, squatting or leaning against a wall to flex the spine (hence the t... | Orthopaedics | All India exam |
96882aa6-9d0a-4ba6-9d2a-e9aadc0440ee | Long term fluctuation is | Secular | Cyclical | Seasonal | Periodic fluctuation | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.., Secular | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
d6a2e02a-d1d7-446b-a9da-04eaca593a56 | Trucking of vessels is seen in which of the following disorders | Central retinal artery occlusion | Central retinal vein occlusion | Hypertensive retinopathy | Sickle cell retinopathy | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Central retinal artery occlusionRef: Kanski 7/e, p. 562Narrowing of arteries and veins with sludging of and segmentation of blood column - Cattle trucking/ Boxcarring. | Ophthalmology | Retina |
39e1556f-503b-4899-aff1-d893f56ff899 | Which is the most impoant sign of significance of renal aery stenosis on an angiogram? | Presence of collaterals | A percentage diameter stenosis > 70% | Post-stenotic dilatation of the renal aery | A systolic pressure gradient > 20 mm Hg across the lesion | 0a | single | The most impoant sign of significant renal aery stenosis on an angiogram is presence of bridging collaterals. Other signs of hemodynamically significant aerial stenosis are post stenotic dilation, pressure gradient >10mmHg or ipsilateral renal vein renin hypersecretion. Ref: Essentials of Surgery: Scientific Principles... | Radiology | null |
dd0ba8de-7c14-4b87-9e7a-75ca0bc5aa8e | During the early stages of the inflammatory response, histamine induced increased vascular permeability is most likely to occur in: | Arteries | Precapillary arterioles | Capillaries | Postcapillary venules | 3d | single | Acute inflammation causes fluid and cells to leak out of blood vessels into the interstitial tissue because of increased permeability of postcapillary venules. | Pathology | null |
274d9dbf-5d4d-4ec0-af3f-69600f6d7dba | Tuft of hair over the lumbosacral region in a new born is suggestive of ? | Spina bifida occulta | Sinus tract | Tumor | Any of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. d. Any of the aboveTufts of hair over the lumbosacral spine suggest an underlying abnormality, such as occult spina bifida, a sinus tract, or a tumor. | Pediatrics | null |
0f9c6273-ab76-4849-af6b-25fee34a065a | Ifosfamide belongs to which group of anticancer drugs- | Alkylating agents | Antiimetobolites | Mitotic inhibitors | Topoisomerase inhibitors | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Alkylating agents Ifosfamide belongs to alkylating agentIt is an analogue of cyclophosphamide.It is used in combination for germ cell testicular cancer and is widely used to treat pediatric and adult sarcomas. Adverse effect of If sodamide:-Ifosfamide has virtually the same toxicity profile as cycloph... | Pharmacology | Anti-Neoplastic Agents |
f12b28b4-95ad-463d-a908-7faf2f999b9f | A 54-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with severe pain in his nasal cavity. Radiographic examination reveals a carcinoma in his nasal cavity. In which of the following locations would the carcinoma block the hiatus of the maxillary sinus? | Inferior meatus | Middle meatus | Superior meatus | Nasopharynx | 1b | single | The maxillary sinus drains via the middle meatus, specifically via the semilunar hiatus. The middle meatus and semilunar hiatus are located under the middle nasal concha. The inferior meatus drains the lacrimal secretions carried by the nasolacrimal duct, whereas the superior meatus drains the posterior ethmoidal and s... | Anatomy | Head & Neck |
af0f70fc-37d3-4d1e-8919-5155306a962e | Secretory phase of endometrium is due to which hormone? | Estrogen | Progesterone | Prolactin | Pregnenediol | 1b | single | Ref: Guyton, 12th edition, Page 995 and Essentials of Medical Physiology By Khurana, Page 509Explanation:PHASES OF ENDOMETRIAL CYCLEThe endometrial cycle of 28 days can be divided into three phases:o Menstrual Phase (1-5 days)o Proliferative Phase (6-14 days)o Secretory Phase (15-28 days).(See table on the next page) | Physiology | Sex Hormones |
a868c433-9389-459f-ad7a-8f6d47a30e38 | Rupture of myocardium takes place in what duration after myocardial infarction: March 2007 | First week | Second week | Third week | Fouh week | 0a | single | Ans. A: First week The most often used markers are the creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) fraction and the troponin I (TnI) or troponin T (TnT) levels. On the basis of the ECG, a distinction is made between ST elevation MI (STEMI) or non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI). Risk Factors Older age Male sex Tobacco smoking Hypercholesterol... | Medicine | null |
e95a41b6-7c4a-4f03-8a28-a0f1ad14e879 | NOT a feature of primary hyperaldosteronism is- | Pedal edema | Diastolic hypeension | Polyuria | Hypokalemia | 0a | single | potassium depletion responsibilite for weakness and fatigue, diastolic hypeension due to increased sodium reabsorption and extracellular volume expansion. Polyuria from impairment of urinary concentrating ability( Harrison 17 pg 2260 | Medicine | Endocrinology |
e2306862-883e-4a7c-9bb8-50e0ae13bc36 | Ohopnea in hea failure develops due to: | Reservoir function of pulmonary veins | Reservoir function of leg veins | Reservoir function of pulmonary aeries | Reservoir function of leg aeries | 1b | single | Ohopnea is shoness of breath that occurs when a person is supine. Gravitational forces cause fluid to become sequestrated in the lower legs and feet when the person is standing or sitting. When the person assumes a recumbent position fluid from the legs (leg veins) and dependent pas of the body is mobilized and redistr... | Physiology | null |
cd5246c4-e8a2-4719-97e8-c7907af8d5e5 | Riociguat is used for | Pulmonary hypeension | Myocarditis | Atrial fibrillation | Stroke | 0a | single | Used for Chronic-thromboembolic pulmonary hypeension (CTEPH) and Pulmonary aerial hypeension (PAH) It is a stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). Ref: KD Tripathi 7th ed | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
76aff98a-598a-41a3-a1bf-127ef38c1266 | In a Down's syndrome patient posted for surgery, the necessary preoperative investigation to be done is – | CT Brain | Echocardiography | Ultrasound Abdomen | X-ray cervical spine | 1b | single | Congenital heart disease (especially endocardial cushion defect) is frequently found in Down's syndrome. Echocardiography is therefore considered necessary preoperative investigation. | Radiology | null |
f6e7cf89-8702-46d2-bd16-c2be4c1307f5 | All the following is true about Meniere's disease except. | Idiopathic | Low frequency hear loss | Increase in endolymph | Destroying the cochlea is mandatory | 3d | multi | Meniere's disease also known as Endolymphatic hydrops. Distended cochlear duct with endolymph pushing Reissner's membrane is Pathognomic. Disease is commonly seen in the age group of 35-60 years. Males are affected more than females. Usually, disease is unilateral, but the other ear may be affected after a few years. E... | ENT | FMGE 2019 |
5406cc3b-b1d4-4905-b01e-4a2249e1030c | A newborn presenting with intestinal obstruction showed on abdominal X-ray, multiple air-fluid levels. The diagnosis is not likely to be – | Pyloric obstruction | Duodenal atresia | Illeal atresia | Ladd s bands | 0a | single | You can solve this question in a very simple way :- This newborn is presenting with intestinal obstruction and pylorus is a part of stomach (not the intestine).
Pyloric obstruction shows a single bubble (single air fluid) appearance (not multiple air-fluid levels).
Duodenal atresia and Ladd's band show double bubble. H... | Radiology | null |
5d0cf241-1341-4684-9b0e-d549ccc63fd3 | Most common presentation of trichobezoar is | Obstruction | Peritonitis | Hemorrage | Asymptomatic | 0a | single | Ans) a (Obstruction) Ref: Sabiston's textbook of surgery 18th editionTrichobezoars are concretions of hair, generally found in long-haired girls or women who often deny eating their own hair (trichophagy). Symptoms include pain from gastric ulceration and fullness from gastric outlet obstruction & occasional gastric pe... | Surgery | Intestinal Obstruction |
fd65908f-c027-470f-a5c8-27a721f38d9e | A recognised cause of stridor in newborn – | Cystic hygroma | A Vascular ring | Laryngomalacia | All are true | 3d | multi | Stridor
Stridor refers to the physical finding of excessively noisy breathing and is generally due to airway obstruction.
Causes of Stridor in a child.
Infections
Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
Epiglottitis
Bacterial tracheitis
Retropharyngeal abscess
Congenital
Laryngomalacia
Vocal cord palsy
Subglottic stenosi... | Pediatrics | null |
f74db5fb-baf8-45ef-9901-636464930f19 | Best prognosis in infertile women is seen in/most reversible form of infertility is: | Tubal block | Anovulation | Oligospermia | Endometritis | 1b | single | Ans. is b, i.e. AnovulationRef: Kistner's Gynecology 6th/ed, p279; Novak I4th/ed, p1206"Disorders of ovulation account for about 30-40% of all cases of female infertility. These disorders are generally among the most easily diagnosed and most easily treatable causes of infertility." - Ref: Novak 14th/ed, p1206* In coup... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Endometriosis and Infertility |
fb4ca388-2f12-49e0-8ebc-071e1a420f5a | A chemical is tested for carcinogenicity by examining its mutagenic effects on bacterial cells in culture. Which of the following tests is used to make this determination? | Ames test | Nitroblue tetrazolium test | Watson-Schwaz test | Widal test | 0a | single | The test described is the Ames test, which measures damage to DNA and correlates well with carcinogenicity in vitro. It is relatively inexpensive to perform, compared to other tests of carcinogenicity, and is frequently used as a screening test for potential carcinogens. The nitroblue tetrazolium test is used to examin... | Medicine | null |
5a0b4040-da02-425b-a1e9-91b9424dd2c8 | A patient presents to a clinic with complaints of headache, fatigue. Lab data show serum sodium, 122 mEq/L; serum osmolality, 240 mOsm/L; urine osmolality, 455 mOsm/L. which condition best correlates with these data? | Neurogenic diabetes insipidus | Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus | Diabetes mellitus | SIADH | 3d | single | Hyponatremia, hypo-osmolality, and inappropriately concentrated urine are characteristic of SIADH. The syndrome results from excessive secretion of vasopressin. This could be due to ectopic tumor secretion of vasopressin, various central nervous system complications, or it could be drug induced. The increased vasopre... | Unknown | null |
5f0422df-6423-4f0e-a8af-9fc79d349b59 | Neurophysiological defects due to damage of left hemisphere in left handed person includes | Agraphia | Dyscalculia | Astereognosis | Anosognosia | 1b | single | In left handed person, left hemisphere is the dominant or categorial hemisphere.
It damage leads to dyscalculia. | Physiology | null |
a7991f35-a62d-4f53-9661-89cc21d438e4 | Visual hallucinations are seen in all except | Delirium | Depression | Schizophrenia | Alcohol withdrawal | 1b | multi | Delirium: delirium is an organic brain syndrome charecterized by altered sensorium, altered consiousness, disordientation and perceptional disturbances this is the most impoant are of PG entrance questions. the most characterstic feuture of delirium is altered sensorium delirium is also called as organic brain syndrome... | Psychiatry | Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification |
47a8a027-901b-4359-8d85-57dafaffaaf1 | IQ for sever mental retardation - | <20 | 20-35 | 35-50 | 50-70 | 1b | single | WHO classification of Mental retardation(MR) mild MR...IQ 50-70 moderate MR ...35-49 severe MR..IQ 20-34 profound MR...IQ under 20 ref; (page no;582) 23rd edition of PARK&;s textbook of Preventive and Social medicine | Social & Preventive Medicine | Social science, Mental health & Genetics |
116958e0-be16-4513-8ab3-4d6a849a3653 | Sequence of amino acid in collagen ? | Ala-X-Y | Lys-X-Y | Gly-X-Y | His-X-Y | 2c | single | In order to form a triple-helix, a polypeptide chain (a-chain) must contain glycine as every third residue in the sequence.This is because only the glycine is small enough to be accommodated in the limited space available down the central core of the triple helix.Each turn of polypeptide chain (a-chain) contains three ... | Biochemistry | null |
2026f295-4b19-4a83-8d96-86b9a52148c7 | All are true about type 1 renal tubular acidosis except: | Renal stones | Hypokalemia | Sodium bicarbonate requirement >4 mg/day | Urine pH > 5.5 | 2c | multi | Ans. c. Sodium bicarbonate requirement Renal Tubular Acidosis Feature Type I(Distal) Type II(Proximal) Type IV Normal anion gap Yes Yes Yes Minimum urine pH >5.5deg <5.5deg <5.5 A filtered bicarbonate excreted <10 >15 <10 Serum potassium Low Low Highdeg Fanconi's syndrome No Yesdeg No Stones/Nephrocalcinosis Yesdeg No ... | Medicine | null |
539cf2cd-be48-47ff-9bb3-236d722614ca | IOC for pericardial calcification | CT scan | 2D-Echo | TEE | MRI | 0a | single | Pericardial calcification - CT scan.
Pericardial effusion - 2D echo. | Radiology | null |
00e95223-009b-4dcb-95cd-3b7ee71b41d2 | The commonest cause of death in the sophisticated world - | Ischemic heart disease | Accidents | Infectious disease | None of the above | 0a | multi | Coronary heart disease (Ischemic heart disease)
CHD is defined as "impairment of heart function due to inadequate blood flow to the heart compared to its needs, caused by obstructive changes in the coronary circulation to the heart".
It is the most common cause of death in developed countries and account for 25-30% o... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
5832f993-c6eb-45a1-a206-e67348c4e770 | False about sternocleidomastoid? | Arises from sternum and clavicle | Insees on mastoid process | Motor supply by spinal accessory nerve | Tilt the head on opposite side | 3d | multi | Sternocleidomastoid tsternomastoidlOriginThe, sternal head The clavicular head InseionIt is inseed :By a thick tendon into the lateral surface of mastoid process, from its tip to superior border.By a thin apponeurosis into the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone. Nerve supplyThe spinal access... | Anatomy | null |
ec8069f4-4009-4099-bc14-760c074e034c | The strain used in Mumps vaccine is | Jeryl Lynn | Edmonston Zagreb | RA 27/3 | Oka | 0a | single | The various strains used for Mumps include Jeryl-Lynn, RIT-4385, Leningrad-3, L-Zagreb and Urabe strains. | Social & Preventive Medicine | National Immunization Schedule 2020-21 |
db79919c-864f-4975-b021-0f82d3565d40 | Zinc phosphide is - | Rodenticide | Insecticide | Larvicide | All | 0a | multi | Rodenticides They are 2 groups: 1) Single dose /acute(Zinc phosphide and Barium carbonate), 2) multiple doses/cumulative(warfarin, diphacinone, coumafuril, pindone). Zinc phosphide is an efficient single dose rodenticide. Rats are killed by about 3 hours. Due to the good safety record, low cost, and reasonably high eff... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health |
aacc86ef-cdc4-491b-bbe2-533024915c5f | The structure that lies lateral to distal radial tubercle is ? | Extensor pollicis longus | Extensor carpi radialis longus | Brachoradialis | Extensor carpi ulnaris | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Extensor carpi radialis longus Dorum of lower end of radius has dorsal tubercle of radius (Lister's tubercle), which can be palpated in the line with the cleft between the index and middle fingers.The groove medial to Lister's tubercle is traversed by tendon of extensor pollicis longus.The groove late... | Anatomy | null |
fe1beb9a-a225-4ff0-b3b0-ad626893273c | Neurofibromatosis is associated with - | Papillary Ca | Islet cell tumour | Pheochromytoma | Glucagonoma | 2c | single | Following neoplasms are associated with Type I (Von Recklinghausen ds.) NeurofibromaS (including plexiform neurofibromas) Pheochromocytoma Optic gliomas Ependymomas Meningiomas Astrocytomas Type II Bilateral vestibular schwannomas Schwannoma of other cranial and spinal nerves Meningioma Gliomas Schwannomas Ref : Harris... | Surgery | Head and neck |
648803ea-dcfe-4720-bc5a-b37b0d04e283 | All are features of hepatocellular carcinoma, except: | Not common in Asian | Liver biopsy is diagnostic | Raised titre of HBV and HCV antibodies | Fibrolameller type is having good prognosis | 0a | multi | Answer is A (Not common in Asians): Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is specially prevalent in regions of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is specially prevalent in regions of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The principal reason for high incidence of HCC in pas of Asia and Africa is the freque... | Medicine | null |
050ca38b-0af0-4c4d-93dc-4297c4811b4e | Nerve which is likely to be involved in malignant spread and thyroid surgery? | Recurrent laryngeal nerve | Superior laryngeal nerve | Internal laryngeal nerve | Both 1 and 2 | 3d | multi | The nerves found in close relationship to thyroid gland and therefore likely to be involved in malignant spread and thyroid surgery are recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve. | Surgery | null |
4fcfb274-2b1a-48a8-9bc8-535f0f6a5a12 | An appropriate pre-Lithium work-up includes all of the following, EXCEPT: | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | Serum creatinine | Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | Serum electrolytes | 0a | multi | Because of its effects on multiple body systems, including but not limited to renal, hematologic, and thyroid systems, appropriate baseline studies must precede the sta of lithium therapy. The minimal tests to be done include serum creatinine, with electrolytes, thyroid function tests, and a complete blood count with d... | Psychiatry | null |
ed1fa098-a567-4c38-ab24-52082c8af2c2 | An intern was doing saphenous cannulation for a bum patient. Then the patient developed sudden onset of pain along the medial border of the corresponding foot. Which nerve must have beenaccidentally ligated- | Sural nerve | Deep peroneal nerve | Saphenous nerve | Genicular nerve | 2c | multi | Sensory supply of medial border of foot is saphenous nerve. | Surgery | null |
3448a0bd-571b-4200-b357-6868acacec9e | Increased alanine during prolonged fasting represents- | Increased breakdown of muscle proteins | Impaired renal function | Decreased utilization of amino acid from Glucogenesis | Leakage of amino acids from cells due to plasma membrane leakage | 0a | single | During prolonged fasting there is increased gluconeogenesis. Alanine is provided by the muscle is one of the substrates for gluconeogenesis and is called Glucose Alanine cycle. So plasma level of alanine increases in prolonged starvation. | Biochemistry | null |
c54cb0d8-d259-490d-a98a-e1b921096ef8 | Red degeneration in a case of fibroid with pregnancy occurs most often during : | First trimester | Second trimester | Third trimester | Puperium | 1b | single | Second trimester | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
27a18022-65ed-4807-b8fb-734b57afebd9 | Lift off test is done to assess the function of - | Supraspinatus | Infraspinatus | Teres minor | Subscapularis | 3d | single | Lift Off Test (Gerber's test)
Lift off test is done to assess the strength of subscapularis muscle and detect a rupture of the subscapularis tendon.
Subscapularis functions primarily as an internal rotator of the shoulder
The test is performed with the arm extended and internally rotated such that the dorsum of the h... | Orthopaedics | null |
f1ddba8a-4719-406b-a295-5c5a77ee1fbf | A young male patient presented with UTI, on urine examination pus cells were found but no organisms. Which method would be best used for culture - | McCoy cell line | Thayer martin medium | L.J. medium | Levinthal medium | 0a | single | This is a case of non-gonococcal urethritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis.
Chlamydia trachomatis can be successfully cultivated in McCoy and HeLa cells treated with cycloheximide and grown in monolayer on cover slip in shell vials .….Jawetz 24/e p360 | Microbiology | null |
e47f4906-66ee-4362-801b-de1a2ac107d6 | Sn hour sweat rate should be MU \ DLE's maximum allowable sweat rate- | 3.5 ltr | 21 ltrs | 2.5 Itrs | 4.51trs | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd i.e. 4.5 litres | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
f94f9f8f-fb28-44f0-9381-3dca473e305d | Atherosclerosis initiation by fibroblast plaque is mediated by injury to ? | Smooth muscle | Media | Adventitia | Endothelium | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Endothelium The most acceptable hypothesis for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is "the response to injury hypothesis". According to this hypothesis, atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the aerial wall initiated by injury to endothelium. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis Following s... | Pathology | null |
2bd25b9c-bacf-42d2-9d7a-a758fafa4559 | Late onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery is caused by? | Staphylococcus | Candida | Bacillus cereus | Propionibacterium acnes | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Propionibacterium acnes * Organisms depends upon the type of endophthalmitis A) Exogenous endophthalmitis 1) Post - operative i) Acute post - operative (within 1-7 days after surgery) :- S. epidermidis, S.aureus, Streptococcus, Gram negative bacilli. ii) Delayed onset (a week to months after surgery);... | Unknown | null |
f4617451-2e67-4974-acd3-3ce29cd1e1f4 | Injury caused by pedestrian in a vehicular accident due to striking to the object on road is known as - | Primary injury | Secondary injury | Acceleration injury | Deceleration injury | 1b | single | the synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology; Dr k.s narayan reddy; 28th edition ;pg.no. 148 . Injury caused by the victim's striking object such as the ground comes under secondary injury . | Forensic Medicine | Mechanical injuries |
ec4a4744-d6ab-4e26-9fc5-307e1ac2536c | Transpo of neutral substances across the cell membrane occurs | Porins | Lonophore | Lipopolysaccharides | Diffusion | 3d | single | D i.e. DiffusionTranspo simple passive diffusion is oured by small size, lipid solubility (hydrophobicity) absence of charge (neutrality), and absence of polarity (nonpolar nature)Q. | Physiology | null |
927276cf-efe1-4671-a2a7-aab44ea1f445 | Shingles is caused by | HBV | Ureaplasma | Mycoplasma | Varicella | 3d | single | Shingles, also known as zoster or herpes zoster, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area.Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide stripe either on the left or right side of the body or face. Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be tingling or local pain ... | Dental | Vestibulobullous disorders |
86988ada-6de4-4eec-ae88-d585465e6ee8 | Alpha fetoprotein is a marker of | Hepatoblastoma | Seminoma | Renal cell carcinoma | Choriocarcinoma | 0a | single | Ref Robbins 8/e p 327; 7/e P339,9/e p869_870 AFP is Glycoprotein synthesized in fetal life by yolk sac,fetal liver,fetal GIT.It is a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma,non seminomatous germ cell tumor Of testis Elevated level of AFP Is found less regularly in carcinoma of lung,colon, pancreas IImpoant points about hepa... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
dc3bccca-2553-4045-b8bf-c405d8401ea6 | During the course of an operation on an unstable, critically ill patient, the left ureter is lacerated through 50% of its circumference. If the patient's condition is felt to be too serious to allow time for definitive repair, alternative methods of management include | Ligation of the injured ureter and ipsilateral nephrostomy | Ipsilateral nephrectomy | Placement of a catheter from the distal ureter through an abdominal wall stab wound | Placement of a suction drain adjacent to the injury without further manipulation that might convert the partial laceration into a complete disruption | 0a | multi | If time and the patient's condition permit, primary ureteral reconstruction should be carried out. In the middle third of the ureter, this will usually consist of ureteroureterostomy using absorbable sutures over a stent. If the injury involves the upper third, ureter pyeloplasty may be necessary. In the lower third, u... | Surgery | Urinary Tract |
16800754-676a-4dd1-bafc-f2bbc992f771 | Which of the following is false regarding frontal sinusitis | Pain shows periodicity | Most common sinus involved in infants and children | Pain is referred to as office headache | Tenderness is present just above the medial canthus of eye | 1b | multi | Clinical features of frontal sinusitis:
A frontal headache: showing periodicity and tenderness.
Oedema of upper eyelids with suffused conjunctiva and photophobia.
Nasal discharge: a vertical streak of mucopus is seen high up in the anterior part of middle meatus
X-ray: opacity of affected sinus seen. Both Waters' an... | ENT | null |
4981ae0f-8693-47d9-81ff-a0551dfd97e9 | Which of the following is used for the treatment of Myopia – | Nd–YAG LASER | Excimer Laser | Carbamazepine | SSRI | 1b | single | Most commonly used procedures in refractive surgery are performed with an excimer laser. | Ophthalmology | null |
3d808736-2c71-44da-a7ac-81964e19d7f8 | Flowing wax appearance on anterior borders of veebrae is seen in- | Ankylosing spondylitis | DISH | Psoriatic ahropathy | Rheumatoid ahritis | 1b | single | Calcification of Anterior longitudinal ligament- DISH; Diffuse Idiopathic skeletal hyper osteosis Calcification of posterior longitudinal ligament -OPLL: Ossified posterior longitudinal ligament - JAPAN: Disease Ossification / calcification of interosseous membrane - FLUOROSIS | Radiology | Musculoskeletal Radiology |
a813e09b-d51f-4391-8e2c-99d558b0855f | Normally which tooth remains in mouth lastly? | Maxillary canine | Mandibular canine | Mandibular central & lateral incisor | Maxillary 1st premolar | 1b | multi | Mandibular canine has the maximum chances of last remaining tooth in mouth. | Dental | null |
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