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135
3084edf2-d176-43aa-87f4-412ea4098b47
In alpha-thalassemia trait,electrophoresis shows:March 2005
Increased HbF and normal HbA2
Normal HbF and normal HbA2
Normal HbF and decreased HbA2
Decreased HbF and normal HbA2
1b
single
Ans. B: Normal HbF and normal HbA2Alpha (0) thalassemia -Individuals with this disorder are not able to produce any functional alpha-globin and thus are unable to make any functional hemoglobin A, F, or A2. This leads to the development of hydrops fetalis, also known as hemoglobin Ba, a condition that is incompatible w...
Medicine
null
d57b15c5-ebd6-424d-be7a-062f4f2d6d6a
Heller’s cardiomyotomy done for:
CHPS
Achalasia
GERD
Duodenal stenosis
1b
single
Ref. API Textbook of Medicine. Pg. 1099   Management of achlasia cardia 1st line: calcium channel blockers 2 nd line: Pneumatic dilatation 3rd line: surgery -Hellers cardiomyotomy - it involves cutting the lower oesophgus and cardia. The major complication is Gastroesophageal reflux and therefore additional Partial an...
Unknown
null
1bf06c06-d854-421f-bc61-c0297e04fad9
Which causes raised angiotensin in blood?
Increased blood volume
Raised cardiac output
Decreased blood pressure
Increased sympathetic tone
2c
single
A polypeptide in the blood that causes vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and the release of aldosterone from the adrenal coex. Angiotensin is formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen, an alpha-2-glycoprotein that is produced in the liver and that constantly circulates in the blood. Renin, stimulated b...
Physiology
Renal physiology
87c4d89a-606e-4b18-8dab-8805def910c0
If an adolescent boy falls on a out-stretched hand, the most common bone to be injured is
Fracture of lower end of radius
Fracture of both bones of forearm
Scaphoid fracture
Supracondylar fracture of humerus
2c
multi
C i.e. Scaphoid
Surgery
null
5c073270-6561-4154-99d9-10617c5396bf
The treatment of choice in a 56 years old woman with endometrial cancer is :
Irradiation
Weheim's hysterectomy
Pan hysterectomy
Irradiation and later panhysterectomy
2c
single
Pan hysterectomy
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
66f689b9-89a9-4556-8dbf-526ccf05d4eb
A 9 year old girl receives an intradermal tuberculin injection and later develops an indurated, erythematous papule 12 mm in diameter. This reaction is an example of which of the following?
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Local anaphylaxis
T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
Type IV hypersensitivity
3d
single
The tuberculin reaction is an example of delayed-type hypersensitivity (a form of Type IV hypersensitivity) in which the bulk of the tissue damage is done by macrophages that are stimulated by a few previously sensitized CD4+ memory T-cells recognizing antigens presented by the macrophages. In contrast, in T-cell media...
Medicine
null
6326359b-7749-493e-b915-f5c0539e56a8
In order to maintain the health of the tissue, beneath a pontic it is desirable to :
Have passive contact with the ridge without blanching of the tissue.
Patients' flossing is more important than the pontic design itself.
Highly glazed porcelain is the material of choice to contact with the ridge.
All of the above.
3d
multi
Gingival surface of pontic: • In order to maintain the health of the tissue beneath a pontic it is desirable to — Have passive contact with ridge without blanching of the tissue. — Have minimal tissue contact • The gingival surface of a pontic should be concave buccolingually and convex mesiodistally. • Highly glazed ...
Dental
null
b3044dae-f273-45f2-98ee-35398654521b
Agent used in opioid abuse substitution therapy is?
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Methadone
Butarphanole
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Methadone Maintenance therapy for opioid addiction* Once detoxification phase is over (i.e., withdrawal symptoms have been managed), the patient is maintained on any of the following drugs to prevent relapse by reducing craving and preventing 'kick' or 'euphoria' produced by opioids (morphine or heroi...
Psychiatry
Substance Abuse
6dc92154-4813-4778-bf1f-2d17b3f38d6e
Which drug is not included in RNTCP regime for MDR TB -
Cycloserine
Ethionamide
Levofloxacin
PAS
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., PAS Treatment of multidrug resistance (MDR) TBo MDR-TB is defined as resistance to at least both IIS H and rifampicin. Previously it was classified as Category IV under DOTS (DOTS-PLUS).o The treatment is given in two phases, the intestive phase (IP) and the continuation phase (CP). The total duration...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Health Programmes in India
26203884-57d8-4e14-8526-8359ab579392
Features of hypothyroidism in infancy include the following except -
Premature closure of posterior fontanelle
Coarse facies
Umbilical hernia
Constipation
0a
multi
There is delayed closure of posterior fontanelle.
Pediatrics
null
97cc1961-2912-4c02-a15b-8c36356bf1bb
Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins is by using
Phenol
Absolute alcohol
70% alcohol
All
0a
multi
Ans. is a i.e. Phenol Sclerosing agents mentioned in the latest editions of Schwaz, CSDT and Bailey are:- hypeonic saline,- sodium tetradecyl sulfate, and- polidocanol2 other sclerosants are mentioned in KDT 6/e p597- Ethanolamine oleate- Phenol in almond oil or Peanut oil
Surgery
null
83934011-54f8-4033-a0de-71b59d29ab23
Human is the only reservoir for
Rabies
Tetanus
Measles
JE virus
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Measles Reservoir of infection may be :? Human reservoir Non - Human reservoir Animal or bird Non - living things (e.g. - soil) Most impoant reservoir or source of infection for human is man itself. However, most of the infections have nonhuman reservoir also. There are some infections, which have onl...
Microbiology
null
503bfb75-ab3e-426c-a023-72148115be48
Copper penny bodies are seen in
Chromoblastomycosis
Phaeohyphomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Cryptococcosis
0a
single
Ans: a (Chromoblastomycosis)Ref: Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 21st ed.Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic infection of the skin and soft tissue.Characterized by the presence of muriform fungal structures called sclerotic bodies (copper penny bodies) within the infected tissues.
Pathology
Skin
3e9e150d-76b3-4d41-a8c1-aef0c3b7d0c1
Which cell type(s) have action potentials in the retina of the human eye?
Bipolar cells and ganglion cells
Bipolar cells only
Bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and ganglion cells
Ganglion cells only
3d
single
Ganglion cells are the only cell type in the retina that have action potentials. The axons of ganglion cells comprise the optic nerve. Bipolar cells, cones, rods, horizontal cells, and other cell types in the retina signal information by electrotonic conduction, which allows a graded response propoional to light intens...
Physiology
Special Senses
8a71fa0a-3d0f-4b02-a5b8-6a480890491d
Paget&;s disease also known as -
Osteitis deformans
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
Osteochondritis
Osteomalacia
0a
single
Paget&;s disease also called as Osteitis deformans is a condition characterised by a tendency for one or bones to bend,get thickened and spongy. Tibia is affected commonly. The bone is soft and vascular initiallly but becomes dense and hard later. The disease begins after 40 years of age. Presenting complaints are dull...
Orthopaedics
Metabolic and endocrine disorders
97dc3637-e3e0-49c8-ba81-a42a7fa8dd2a
The most common complication of varicose vein stripping is:
Infection
Hemorrhage
Ecchymosis
Thromboembolism
2c
single
Complications of varicose vein surgery Recurrence (MC): Incidence of recurrence after surgery in upto 10%. Hematoma or Ecchymosis: MC cause of discomfo after varicose vein surgery Sensory nerve injury Greater saphenous vein should only be stripped to just below the knee to avoid damage to the accompanying saphenous ner...
Surgery
Venous Disorders
3eb365b8-0afd-446b-a9bd-e6f3800bf9f6
Muscle causing supination of forearm
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Anconeus
0a
single
SUPINATION & PRONATION OF FOREARM:-Perform skilled movements.Elbow is semiflexed in mid prone position.Palm turned down in pronation and upwards in supination.Rotatory movement of forearm which occur at superior and inferior radioulnar joints around a veical axis.In supination, radius and ulna lie parallel to each othe...
Anatomy
Upper limb
163b1c20-9ed6-4595-8ba7-b6b94c642846
An antidepressant drug which is known to have both high sedative and anticholinergic activity is:
Phenelzine
Amitriptyline
Fluoxetine
Trazodone
1b
multi
(Ref: KDT 6/e p443, 444) Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) possess anticholinergic and sedative propeies. Amitriptyline and tripitramine possess highest sedative and antimuscarinic actions.
Anatomy
Other topics and Adverse effects
61576c0b-c065-4bad-87b8-b3e2107b5d00
Not true regarding influenza virus is-
All types exhibit antigenic shift
Only type A shows antigenic drift
Drift is accumulation of point mutations
None of the above
0a
multi
The influenza A virus is unique among the viruses because it is frequently subject to antigenic variation, both major and minor. When there is a sudden complete or major change, it is called a shift, and when the antigenic change is gradual over a period of time, it is called a drift . Antigenic shift results from gene...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
dce20812-7961-4837-982f-732f090cda3d
Psoriasis is exacerbated by -
Lithium
B blockers
Antimalarials
All of the above
3d
multi
Psoriasis is exacerbated by scratches, surgical incisions and injuries( isomorphic or koebners phenomenon), beta hemolytic streptococcal infection, HIV infection, antimalarials, lithium, beta adrenergic blocker, NSAIDs, coicosteroids withdrawal. From illustrated synopsis of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases...
Dental
Papulosquamous disorders
e6e67570-8189-4819-82a6-2477c381df44
Seen in Colles A/E:
Proximal shift
Dorsal tilt
Lateral tilt
Pronation
3d
single
D i.e. Pronation
Surgery
null
56e3b418-173b-47bf-a6dd-40864f1c17cd
All are true about warfarin except
It inhibits the activation of vitamin K dependent clotting factors
It's half life is 36hrs
It can cross placenta
It's dose is increased in liver disease
3d
multi
Refer Katzung 11/e p595 Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the gamma carboxylation of glutamate residues in vitamin K dependent clotting factors It has a long half life It readily crosses the placenta Liver disease reduces the synthesis of clotting factors thus increases the effect of warfarin
Pharmacology
Respiratory system
92353c07-f3e0-4492-91d4-7121edb744f9
Which of the following is not a sequelae of trachoma?
Proptosis
Tylosis
Pseudocyst
Dacrocystitis
0a
single
Proptosis REF: Khurana 4th ed p. 66 Sequelae of trachoma: Lids : entropion, tylosis, ptosis, madarosis , ankyloblepharon Conjuctiva: concretions, pseudocyst, xerosis, symblepharon. Cornea: opacity, ectasia, xerosis. Others: Dacrocystitis, chronic dacryoadenitis.
Ophthalmology
null
0aa17125-7ab4-49e6-b2f0-d047e91e1ac7
Which of the following is true about Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Loeffler's serum is highly selective media for C. diphtheriae
Elek gel is a precipitation test
Gram negative bacilli, non-motile, non capsulated
Metachromatic granules is produced on stain only by one strain of C. diphtheriae
1b
multi
Elek gel is a precipitation test. - Loeffler's serum slope is an Enriched medium. - Selective medium for C. diphtheriae is tellurite blood agar (eg. Mc Leod's and Hoyle's media or cystine - tellurite agar - Tinsdale medium). - Elek's gel is a precipitation test. It is an in vitro test for toxigenicity of the diphtheria...
Microbiology
Systemic Bacteriology (Gram Positive Bacilli, Gram Negative Bacilli)
ced0e6e7-048a-467e-aa7e-e10def9ebb5e
Which of the following is not used as a disinfectant?
1-2% Cetrimide
100% Alcohol
2% Lysol
5% Chloroxylene
1b
single
A 70% solution of alcohol takes more time in evaporation from the surface, increasing the contact time. Therefore, 70% isopropyl alcohol is suitable for disinfection.  100% isopropyl alcohol coagulates the protein instantly creating a protein layer that protects the remaining protein from further coagulation.
Microbiology
null
3abd194c-7d1c-4941-99e8-4593523f4b10
Endotoxin from gram negative organism is:
Polysaccharide
Glycoprotein
Lipoprotein
Lipopolysaccharide
3d
single
Ans. (d) Lipopolysaccharide Ref. Alum ilianarayan o/c, p 78, 'able (9.1), 9/e, p 75 Distinguishing features of exotoxins and endotoxins Proteins Heat labile Actively secreted by cells; diffuse into surrounding medium Readily separable from cultures by physical means such as filtration Action usually enzymic Specific ph...
Microbiology
null
cdbd5220-0f35-4aba-a95a-c6abb476f9df
The following are the pa of the triad of "Heat stroke" Except
Anhidrosis
Prickly heat
CNS dysfunction
Hyperpyrexia (rectal temperature >40* C)
1b
multi
The classic triad of symptoms in 'Heatstroke' includes core temperatures in excess of 104 Fahrenheit (40 c), profuse sweating, and neurological disturbances such as difficulty walking, confusion, irritability and coma. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 748
Social & Preventive Medicine
Concept of health and disease
7af909bb-f603-4c9d-a89b-110085f3828c
A malignant pustule is
Anthrax ulcer
Proliferating rodent ulcer
Malignant melanoma
Marjolin's ulcer
0a
single
Cutaneous anthrax: lesion stas as a papule 1-3 days after infection and becomes vesicular, containing a fluid which may be clear or bloodstained. The whole area is congested, edematous and several satellite lesions filled with serum or yellow fluid are arranged around a central necrotic lesion which is covered by a bla...
Microbiology
Bacteriology
d93de54c-52d2-44f6-b36c-92f129dfc8c7
Parents of a 6 month old baby are worried about the swollen gums of their child. The baby seems to have a loss of appetite and there is increased drooling. The maximum number of topical lignocaine application that can be used in this situation is?
Once a day
Twice a day
Three or four times a day.
Topical lignocaine cannot be used.
2c
single
Inflammation of the gingival tissues before complete emergence of the crown may cause a temporary painful condition that subsides within a few days. The surgical removal of the tissue covering the tooth to facilitate eruption is not indicated. If the child is having extreme difficulty, the application of a nonirritatin...
Dental
null
4ffc7805-8676-4f41-a359-c77cceb2ac4a
Herpes gestatioinalis is
Caused by Herpes virus
Autoimmune reaction to collagen XVII in basement membrane of skin
Neutrophilic degranulation at dermal - epidermal junction
Less severe in subsequent pregnancies.
1b
single
Herpes gestationalis (pemphigoid gestationis ) is characterized by eosinophilic degranulation at dermal-epidermal junction. Becomes severe with subsequent pregnancies.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
2cf55062-9eb0-4341-b5ff-b73da3a17f48
The aerial blood glucose concentration in normal humans after a meal is in the range of
30 to 50 mg/dL
50 to 70 mg/dL
120 to 150 mg/dL
220 to 250 mg/dL
2c
single
.
Anatomy
All India exam
b3a7e808-128c-407a-8d81-cd9cf19bc6e4
Repeated or sustained contact of teeth other than during mastication is called as:
Malfunction
Parafunction
Hyperfunction
Hypofunction
1b
multi
Parafunction in dentistry refers to those activities of the stomatognathic system that would be considered to fall outside of functional activities. Lip and cheek chewing, fingernail biting, and teeth clenching are examples of parafunctional activity. Bruxism (GPT-9):  1. The parafunctional grinding of teeth. 2. An ora...
Dental
null
c1408d92-52e8-4c77-a2f1-cc436351fd57
Investigation of choice for SCIWORA is
CT
X-ray
MRI
All of the above
2c
multi
'SCIWORA' is the abbretion of 'spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality'. MRI is the Investigation of Choice and has normal plain film and CT findings. It tends to occur in the paediatric population and involves upper cervical spinal cord. MRI cervical-dorsal spine Sagitta view of a paediatric patient showin...
Radiology
Neuroradiology
5c600d7f-14f1-436e-9dcc-0bbd37120389
Which of the following statements regarding formal thought disorder is true? NOT RELATED-PSYCHIATRY
It is found only in schizophrenia
It may be found in bipolar patients
Delusions are a form of thought disorder
Ideas of reference are a form of thought disorder
1b
multi
It may be found in bipolar patientsA Formal thought disorder is common in schizophrenia, although it is also encountered in mania and depression.B Forms of formal thought disorder characterized by a disturbance of the flow of ideation include thought blocking, povey of speech, and flight of ideas.C Disturbances of thou...
Pharmacology
All India exam
39435794-638c-4f8e-b40a-40c4b876c966
Action of vincristine -
Tubulin inhibitor
Antimetabolite
Adenylate cyclase inhibitor
Anti folate
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tubulin inhibitorVincristine (Oncovin)o Alkaloid derived from Vinca rosae.o Vincristine belongs to the plant alkaloid group of anticancer.o Rapidly acting anticancero This class of drugs are also known as spindle poison,o These drugs bind to microtubular protein (tubulin)o The drug-tubulin complex the...
Pharmacology
Anti-Neoplastic Agents
537d7669-13fa-4a62-87d0-9a9aec670014
Asymptomatic carriage of gonococcal infection in female is commonly seen in :
Endocervix
Vagina
Urethra
Fornix
0a
single
Endocervix
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
4e602511-536f-4311-b199-fb7c60c230f4
Coenzyme responsible for carboxylation reaction is:
Biotin
FAD
NADH
Thiamine pyrophosphate
0a
single
Biotin
Biochemistry
null
b2c39998-87ad-43b9-9b61-746127a347d1
NADPH actions in RBC are a/e
Produce ATP
Stabilizes the membrane
Reductive biosynthesis
GP6D deficiency causes decreased synthesis of NADPH
0a
single
ATP is not produced by NADPH. ATP is produced by reducing equivalents like NADH, FADH2. W When NADH and other reducing equivalents transfer their electrons through Electron transpo chain in the Mitochondrial inner membrane and generate proton motive force which brings about the ATP synthesis by the ATP synthase complex...
Pharmacology
All India exam
61f45db4-e63d-49d3-857c-c607698a1340
Most common tumor of small bowel in children:
Lymphoma
Carcinoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Adenocarcinoma
0a
multi
SMALL - BOWEL NEOPLASM MC tumor of small bowel : Stromal tumor> Adenoma MC tumor of small bowel in children: Lymphoma MC malignant tumor of small bowel: Adenocarcinoma >Carcinoid MC site of small bowel malignancy, carcinoids, lymphoma: Ileum
Surgery
Small intestine
44855ee7-0b35-45d0-a3df-1c0aa92f15a4
A primigravida at term pregnancy is in labor and on escalating doses of inj oxytocin. CTG shows persistent declarations after each contraction. On pelvic examination, patient is fully dilated, veex is positioned at station above 0 with caput. What is the best management?
Increase oxytocin drop rate
Ventouse delivery
Outlet Forceps delivery
Caesarean delivery
3d
multi
The patient is showing persistent late type of decelerations suggestive of non-reassuring Fetal Hea status, therefore delivery must be expedited with either instrumental delivery or caesarean section Since an impoant prerequisite for outlet forceps or ventouse application is that the fetal skull should have reached the...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Caesarean section
da1b64cb-3fef-4a1b-b5b1-c891ae878b8f
Peak HCG levels are by what intrauterine age?
7-9 weeks
11-13 weeks
20 weeks
25 weeks
0a
single
ANSWTER: (A) 7-9 weeksREF: Dutta 6th ed p. 58-59HCG is a glycoprotien with two subunitsThe beta subunit is unique to it and is specific.Synth sized by syncytiotrophoblastsHalf life is 24 hoursIn early pregnancy doubling time is 1.4-2 daysCan be detected as early as 8 days following ovulation by immuno assayLevels progr...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Endocrinology in Relation to Reproduction
4049dc66-4552-4c30-a1a9-d868e7550c21
Aicular cailage at the end of bones is composed of which of the following?
Fibrocailage
Hyaline cailage
Elastic cailage
Chondronectin
1b
single
Aicular Cailage is the small rim of hyaline cailage remaining at the end of bones. Hyaline cailage is also found in the respiratory tract, nose, ribs, and forms the model for fetal bone formation.
Anatomy
null
f5449b79-6862-4e43-869a-407a9be887f7
All of the following are causes of hypocalcemia, EXCEPT
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic renal failure
Hypoparathyroidism
Vitamin D intoxication
3d
multi
Vitamin D intoxication leads to elevated plasma concentration of calcium This can lead to contraction of blood vessels, high blood pressure, and calcinosis--the calcification of soft tissues. Causes of hypercalcemia Causes of hypocalcemia Hyperparathyroidism Multiple myeloma and other osteolytic diseases Metastatic car...
Biochemistry
Vitamins and Minerals
c4ee82c1-c51d-4ad6-8d38-8b1d5fcd7464
The scientist who discovered the transmission of malaria by anopheline mosquito -
Laveran
Paul muller
Ronal Ross
Pampana
2c
single
Discovery Malarial parasite-Charles Laveran Life cycle-A.Bignami,B.Grassi, G.Bastianelli Anopheles species are vectors-Ronald Ross Culture malarial parasite-Trager and Jensen (refer pgno:54 baveja 3 rd edition )
Microbiology
parasitology
f67ade7d-81b8-4653-b9c5-f9d722c80a3c
Which of the following is true about celiac sprue:September 2009
Associated with HLA-DR4
Antiendomysial antibodies are highly specific and sensitive than other antibodies
Anti-gliadin antibodies are IgA/IgG
No predisposition to malignancy
2c
multi
Ans. C: Anti-gliadin antibodies are IgA/IgG
Pathology
null
86a06a5c-416a-4d22-bc3d-24965963005d
Pseudoglioma differs from Retinoblastoma in that pseudoglioma is associated with
Decreased intraocular pressure
Blurring of vision
Enlargement of the optic foramen
All of the above
0a
multi
A i.e. Decreased intraocular pressure
Ophthalmology
null
b8a160ab-f880-4a13-bf47-11eb93456a78
Which of the following is the earliest post operative complication of ileostomy?
Obstruction
Prolapse
Necrosis
Diarrhea
2c
single
Stoma necrosis is the earliest complication of ileostomy which occur in the early postoperative period. It is caused by skeletonizing the small bowel and/ or creating a tight fascial defect. Other complications of ileostomy are: stoma retraction, dehydration with fluid electrolyte abnormalities, skin irritation, obstru...
Surgery
null
06bf8d55-aba2-49e5-9014-85e62e7458b1
Lumbar canal stenosis presents as
Claudication
Scoliotic deformity
Kyphotic deformity
Radiculopathy
0a
single
The patient of lumbar canal stenosis is usually a man aged over 50, complains of aching, heaviness, numbness an paraesthesia in the thighs and legs; it comes on after standing upright or walking for 5-10 minutes, and is consistently relieved by sitting, squatting or leaning against a wall to flex the spine (hence the t...
Orthopaedics
All India exam
96882aa6-9d0a-4ba6-9d2a-e9aadc0440ee
Long term fluctuation is
Secular
Cyclical
Seasonal
Periodic fluctuation
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.., Secular
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
d6a2e02a-d1d7-446b-a9da-04eaca593a56
Trucking of vessels is seen in which of the following disorders
Central retinal artery occlusion
Central retinal vein occlusion
Hypertensive retinopathy
Sickle cell retinopathy
0a
single
Ans. (a) Central retinal artery occlusionRef: Kanski 7/e, p. 562Narrowing of arteries and veins with sludging of and segmentation of blood column - Cattle trucking/ Boxcarring.
Ophthalmology
Retina
39e1556f-503b-4899-aff1-d893f56ff899
Which is the most impoant sign of significance of renal aery stenosis on an angiogram?
Presence of collaterals
A percentage diameter stenosis > 70%
Post-stenotic dilatation of the renal aery
A systolic pressure gradient > 20 mm Hg across the lesion
0a
single
The most impoant sign of significant renal aery stenosis on an angiogram is presence of bridging collaterals. Other signs of hemodynamically significant aerial stenosis are post stenotic dilation, pressure gradient >10mmHg or ipsilateral renal vein renin hypersecretion. Ref: Essentials of Surgery: Scientific Principles...
Radiology
null
dd0ba8de-7c14-4b87-9e7a-75ca0bc5aa8e
During the early stages of the inflammatory response, histamine induced increased vascular permeability is most likely to occur in:
Arteries
Precapillary arterioles
Capillaries
Postcapillary venules
3d
single
Acute inflammation causes fluid and cells to leak out of blood vessels into the interstitial tissue because of increased permeability of postcapillary venules.
Pathology
null
274d9dbf-5d4d-4ec0-af3f-69600f6d7dba
Tuft of hair over the lumbosacral region in a new born is suggestive of ?
Spina bifida occulta
Sinus tract
Tumor
Any of the above
3d
multi
Ans. d. Any of the aboveTufts of hair over the lumbosacral spine suggest an underlying abnormality, such as occult spina bifida, a sinus tract, or a tumor.
Pediatrics
null
0f9c6273-ab76-4849-af6b-25fee34a065a
Ifosfamide belongs to which group of anticancer drugs-
Alkylating agents
Antiimetobolites
Mitotic inhibitors
Topoisomerase inhibitors
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Alkylating agents Ifosfamide belongs to alkylating agentIt is an analogue of cyclophosphamide.It is used in combination for germ cell testicular cancer and is widely used to treat pediatric and adult sarcomas. Adverse effect of If sodamide:-Ifosfamide has virtually the same toxicity profile as cycloph...
Pharmacology
Anti-Neoplastic Agents
f12b28b4-95ad-463d-a908-7faf2f999b9f
A 54-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with severe pain in his nasal cavity. Radiographic examination reveals a carcinoma in his nasal cavity. In which of the following locations would the carcinoma block the hiatus of the maxillary sinus?
Inferior meatus
Middle meatus
Superior meatus
Nasopharynx
1b
single
The maxillary sinus drains via the middle meatus, specifically via the semilunar hiatus. The middle meatus and semilunar hiatus are located under the middle nasal concha. The inferior meatus drains the lacrimal secretions carried by the nasolacrimal duct, whereas the superior meatus drains the posterior ethmoidal and s...
Anatomy
Head & Neck
af0f70fc-37d3-4d1e-8919-5155306a962e
Secretory phase of endometrium is due to which hormone?
Estrogen
Progesterone
Prolactin
Pregnenediol
1b
single
Ref: Guyton, 12th edition, Page 995 and Essentials of Medical Physiology By Khurana, Page 509Explanation:PHASES OF ENDOMETRIAL CYCLEThe endometrial cycle of 28 days can be divided into three phases:o Menstrual Phase (1-5 days)o Proliferative Phase (6-14 days)o Secretory Phase (15-28 days).(See table on the next page)
Physiology
Sex Hormones
a868c433-9389-459f-ad7a-8f6d47a30e38
Rupture of myocardium takes place in what duration after myocardial infarction: March 2007
First week
Second week
Third week
Fouh week
0a
single
Ans. A: First week The most often used markers are the creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) fraction and the troponin I (TnI) or troponin T (TnT) levels. On the basis of the ECG, a distinction is made between ST elevation MI (STEMI) or non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI). Risk Factors Older age Male sex Tobacco smoking Hypercholesterol...
Medicine
null
e95a41b6-7c4a-4f03-8a28-a0f1ad14e879
NOT a feature of primary hyperaldosteronism is-
Pedal edema
Diastolic hypeension
Polyuria
Hypokalemia
0a
single
potassium depletion responsibilite for weakness and fatigue, diastolic hypeension due to increased sodium reabsorption and extracellular volume expansion. Polyuria from impairment of urinary concentrating ability( Harrison 17 pg 2260
Medicine
Endocrinology
e2306862-883e-4a7c-9bb8-50e0ae13bc36
Ohopnea in hea failure develops due to:
Reservoir function of pulmonary veins
Reservoir function of leg veins
Reservoir function of pulmonary aeries
Reservoir function of leg aeries
1b
single
Ohopnea is shoness of breath that occurs when a person is supine. Gravitational forces cause fluid to become sequestrated in the lower legs and feet when the person is standing or sitting. When the person assumes a recumbent position fluid from the legs (leg veins) and dependent pas of the body is mobilized and redistr...
Physiology
null
cd5246c4-e8a2-4719-97e8-c7907af8d5e5
Riociguat is used for
Pulmonary hypeension
Myocarditis
Atrial fibrillation
Stroke
0a
single
Used for Chronic-thromboembolic pulmonary hypeension (CTEPH) and Pulmonary aerial hypeension (PAH) It is a stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). Ref: KD Tripathi 7th ed
Pharmacology
Cardiovascular system
76aff98a-598a-41a3-a1bf-127ef38c1266
In a Down's syndrome patient posted for surgery, the necessary preoperative investigation to be done is –
CT Brain
Echocardiography
Ultrasound Abdomen
X-ray cervical spine
1b
single
Congenital heart disease (especially endocardial cushion defect) is frequently found in Down's syndrome. Echocardiography is therefore considered necessary preoperative investigation.
Radiology
null
f6e7cf89-8702-46d2-bd16-c2be4c1307f5
All the following is true about Meniere's disease except.
Idiopathic
Low frequency hear loss
Increase in endolymph
Destroying the cochlea is mandatory
3d
multi
Meniere's disease also known as Endolymphatic hydrops. Distended cochlear duct with endolymph pushing Reissner's membrane is Pathognomic. Disease is commonly seen in the age group of 35-60 years. Males are affected more than females. Usually, disease is unilateral, but the other ear may be affected after a few years. E...
ENT
FMGE 2019
5406cc3b-b1d4-4905-b01e-4a2249e1030c
A newborn presenting with intestinal obstruction showed on abdominal X-ray, multiple air-fluid levels. The diagnosis is not likely to be –
Pyloric obstruction
Duodenal atresia
Illeal atresia
Ladd s bands
0a
single
You can solve this question in a very simple way :- This newborn is presenting with intestinal obstruction and pylorus is a part of stomach (not the intestine). Pyloric obstruction shows a single bubble (single air fluid) appearance (not multiple air-fluid levels). Duodenal atresia and Ladd's band show double bubble. H...
Radiology
null
5d0cf241-1341-4684-9b0e-d549ccc63fd3
Most common presentation of trichobezoar is
Obstruction
Peritonitis
Hemorrage
Asymptomatic
0a
single
Ans) a (Obstruction) Ref: Sabiston's textbook of surgery 18th editionTrichobezoars are concretions of hair, generally found in long-haired girls or women who often deny eating their own hair (trichophagy). Symptoms include pain from gastric ulceration and fullness from gastric outlet obstruction & occasional gastric pe...
Surgery
Intestinal Obstruction
fd65908f-c027-470f-a5c8-27a721f38d9e
A recognised cause of stridor in newborn –
Cystic hygroma
A Vascular ring
Laryngomalacia
All are true
3d
multi
Stridor Stridor refers to the physical finding of excessively noisy breathing and is generally due to airway obstruction. Causes of Stridor in a child. Infections Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) Epiglottitis Bacterial tracheitis Retropharyngeal abscess Congenital Laryngomalacia Vocal cord palsy Subglottic stenosi...
Pediatrics
null
f74db5fb-baf8-45ef-9901-636464930f19
Best prognosis in infertile women is seen in/most reversible form of infertility is:
Tubal block
Anovulation
Oligospermia
Endometritis
1b
single
Ans. is b, i.e. AnovulationRef: Kistner's Gynecology 6th/ed, p279; Novak I4th/ed, p1206"Disorders of ovulation account for about 30-40% of all cases of female infertility. These disorders are generally among the most easily diagnosed and most easily treatable causes of infertility." - Ref: Novak 14th/ed, p1206* In coup...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Endometriosis and Infertility
fb4ca388-2f12-49e0-8ebc-071e1a420f5a
A chemical is tested for carcinogenicity by examining its mutagenic effects on bacterial cells in culture. Which of the following tests is used to make this determination?
Ames test
Nitroblue tetrazolium test
Watson-Schwaz test
Widal test
0a
single
The test described is the Ames test, which measures damage to DNA and correlates well with carcinogenicity in vitro. It is relatively inexpensive to perform, compared to other tests of carcinogenicity, and is frequently used as a screening test for potential carcinogens. The nitroblue tetrazolium test is used to examin...
Medicine
null
5a0b4040-da02-425b-a1e9-91b9424dd2c8
A patient presents to a clinic with complaints of headache, fatigue. Lab data show serum sodium, 122 mEq/L; serum osmolality, 240 mOsm/L; urine osmolality, 455 mOsm/L. which condition best correlates with these data?
Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
SIADH
3d
single
Hyponatremia, hypo-osmolality, and inappropriately concentrated urine are characteristic of SIADH. The syndrome results from excessive secretion of vasopres­sin. This could be due to ectopic tumor secretion of vasopressin, various central nervous system complica­tions, or it could be drug induced. The increased vasopre...
Unknown
null
5f0422df-6423-4f0e-a8af-9fc79d349b59
Neurophysiological defects due to damage of left hemisphere in left handed person includes
Agraphia
Dyscalculia
Astereognosis
Anosognosia
1b
single
In left handed person, left hemisphere is the dominant or categorial hemisphere. It damage leads to dyscalculia.
Physiology
null
a7991f35-a62d-4f53-9661-89cc21d438e4
Visual hallucinations are seen in all except
Delirium
Depression
Schizophrenia
Alcohol withdrawal
1b
multi
Delirium: delirium is an organic brain syndrome charecterized by altered sensorium, altered consiousness, disordientation and perceptional disturbances this is the most impoant are of PG entrance questions. the most characterstic feuture of delirium is altered sensorium delirium is also called as organic brain syndrome...
Psychiatry
Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification
47a8a027-901b-4359-8d85-57dafaffaaf1
IQ for sever mental retardation -
<20
20-35
35-50
50-70
1b
single
WHO classification of Mental retardation(MR) mild MR...IQ 50-70 moderate MR ...35-49 severe MR..IQ 20-34 profound MR...IQ under 20 ref; (page no;582) 23rd edition of PARK&;s textbook of Preventive and Social medicine
Social & Preventive Medicine
Social science, Mental health & Genetics
116958e0-be16-4513-8ab3-4d6a849a3653
Sequence of amino acid in collagen ?
Ala-X-Y
Lys-X-Y
Gly-X-Y
His-X-Y
2c
single
In order to form a triple-helix, a polypeptide chain (a-chain) must contain glycine as every third residue in the sequence.This is because only the glycine is small enough to be accommodated in the limited space available down the central core of the triple helix.Each turn of polypeptide chain (a-chain) contains three ...
Biochemistry
null
2026f295-4b19-4a83-8d96-86b9a52148c7
All are true about type 1 renal tubular acidosis except:
Renal stones
Hypokalemia
Sodium bicarbonate requirement >4 mg/day
Urine pH > 5.5
2c
multi
Ans. c. Sodium bicarbonate requirement Renal Tubular Acidosis Feature Type I(Distal) Type II(Proximal) Type IV Normal anion gap Yes Yes Yes Minimum urine pH >5.5deg <5.5deg <5.5 A filtered bicarbonate excreted <10 >15 <10 Serum potassium Low Low Highdeg Fanconi's syndrome No Yesdeg No Stones/Nephrocalcinosis Yesdeg No ...
Medicine
null
539cf2cd-be48-47ff-9bb3-236d722614ca
IOC for pericardial calcification
CT scan
2D-Echo
TEE
MRI
0a
single
Pericardial calcification - CT scan. Pericardial effusion - 2D echo.
Radiology
null
00e95223-009b-4dcb-95cd-3b7ee71b41d2
The commonest cause of death in the sophisticated world -
Ischemic heart disease
Accidents
Infectious disease
None of the above
0a
multi
Coronary heart disease (Ischemic heart disease) CHD is defined as "impairment of heart function due to inadequate blood flow to the heart compared to its needs, caused by obstructive changes in the coronary circulation to the heart". It is the most common cause of death in developed countries and account for 25-30% o...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
5832f993-c6eb-45a1-a206-e67348c4e770
False about sternocleidomastoid?
Arises from sternum and clavicle
Insees on mastoid process
Motor supply by spinal accessory nerve
Tilt the head on opposite side
3d
multi
Sternocleidomastoid tsternomastoidlOriginThe, sternal head The clavicular head InseionIt is inseed :By a thick tendon into the lateral surface of mastoid process, from its tip to superior border.By a thin apponeurosis into the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone. Nerve supplyThe spinal access...
Anatomy
null
ec8069f4-4009-4099-bc14-760c074e034c
The strain used in Mumps vaccine is
Jeryl Lynn
Edmonston Zagreb
RA 27/3
Oka
0a
single
The various strains used for Mumps include Jeryl-Lynn, RIT-4385, Leningrad-3, L-Zagreb and Urabe strains.
Social & Preventive Medicine
National Immunization Schedule 2020-21
db79919c-864f-4975-b021-0f82d3565d40
Zinc phosphide is -
Rodenticide
Insecticide
Larvicide
All
0a
multi
Rodenticides They are 2 groups: 1) Single dose /acute(Zinc phosphide and Barium carbonate), 2) multiple doses/cumulative(warfarin, diphacinone, coumafuril, pindone). Zinc phosphide is an efficient single dose rodenticide. Rats are killed by about 3 hours. Due to the good safety record, low cost, and reasonably high eff...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
aacc86ef-cdc4-491b-bbe2-533024915c5f
The structure that lies lateral to distal radial tubercle is ?
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Brachoradialis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Extensor carpi radialis longus Dorum of lower end of radius has dorsal tubercle of radius (Lister's tubercle), which can be palpated in the line with the cleft between the index and middle fingers.The groove medial to Lister's tubercle is traversed by tendon of extensor pollicis longus.The groove late...
Anatomy
null
fe1beb9a-a225-4ff0-b3b0-ad626893273c
Neurofibromatosis is associated with -
Papillary Ca
Islet cell tumour
Pheochromytoma
Glucagonoma
2c
single
Following neoplasms are associated with Type I (Von Recklinghausen ds.) NeurofibromaS (including plexiform neurofibromas) Pheochromocytoma Optic gliomas Ependymomas Meningiomas Astrocytomas Type II Bilateral vestibular schwannomas Schwannoma of other cranial and spinal nerves Meningioma Gliomas Schwannomas Ref : Harris...
Surgery
Head and neck
648803ea-dcfe-4720-bc5a-b37b0d04e283
All are features of hepatocellular carcinoma, except:
Not common in Asian
Liver biopsy is diagnostic
Raised titre of HBV and HCV antibodies
Fibrolameller type is having good prognosis
0a
multi
Answer is A (Not common in Asians): Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is specially prevalent in regions of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is specially prevalent in regions of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The principal reason for high incidence of HCC in pas of Asia and Africa is the freque...
Medicine
null
050ca38b-0af0-4c4d-93dc-4297c4811b4e
Nerve which is likely to be involved in malignant spread and thyroid surgery?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal nerve
Internal laryngeal nerve
Both 1 and 2
3d
multi
The nerves found in close relationship to thyroid gland and therefore likely to be involved in malignant spread and thyroid surgery are recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve.
Surgery
null
4fcfb274-2b1a-48a8-9bc8-535f0f6a5a12
An appropriate pre-Lithium work-up includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Serum creatinine
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Serum electrolytes
0a
multi
Because of its effects on multiple body systems, including but not limited to renal, hematologic, and thyroid systems, appropriate baseline studies must precede the sta of lithium therapy. The minimal tests to be done include serum creatinine, with electrolytes, thyroid function tests, and a complete blood count with d...
Psychiatry
null
ed1fa098-a567-4c38-ab24-52082c8af2c2
An intern was doing saphenous cannulation for a bum patient. Then the patient developed sudden onset of pain along the medial border of the corresponding foot. Which nerve must have beenaccidentally ligated-
Sural nerve
Deep peroneal nerve
Saphenous nerve
Genicular nerve
2c
multi
Sensory supply of medial border of foot is saphenous nerve.
Surgery
null
3448a0bd-571b-4200-b357-6868acacec9e
Increased alanine during prolonged fasting represents-
Increased breakdown of muscle proteins
Impaired renal function
Decreased utilization of amino acid from Glucogenesis
Leakage of amino acids from cells due to plasma membrane leakage
0a
single
During prolonged fasting there is increased gluconeogenesis. Alanine is provided by the muscle is one of the substrates for gluconeogenesis and is called Glucose Alanine cycle. So plasma level of alanine increases in prolonged starvation.
Biochemistry
null
c54cb0d8-d259-490d-a98a-e1b921096ef8
Red degeneration in a case of fibroid with pregnancy occurs most often during :
First trimester
Second trimester
Third trimester
Puperium
1b
single
Second trimester
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
27a18022-65ed-4807-b8fb-734b57afebd9
Lift off test is done to assess the function of -
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
3d
single
Lift Off Test (Gerber's test) Lift off test is done to assess the strength of subscapularis muscle and detect a rupture of the subscapularis tendon. Subscapularis functions primarily as an internal rotator of the shoulder The test is performed with the arm extended and internally rotated such that the dorsum of the h...
Orthopaedics
null
f1ddba8a-4719-406b-a295-5c5a77ee1fbf
A young male patient presented with UTI, on urine examination pus cells were found but no organisms. Which method would be best used for culture -
McCoy cell line
Thayer martin medium
L.J. medium
Levinthal medium
0a
single
This is a case of non-gonococcal urethritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis.  Chlamydia trachomatis can be successfully cultivated in McCoy and HeLa cells treated with cycloheximide and grown in monolayer on cover slip in shell vials .….Jawetz 24/e p360
Microbiology
null
e47f4906-66ee-4362-801b-de1a2ac107d6
Sn hour sweat rate should be MU \ DLE's maximum allowable sweat rate-
3.5 ltr
21 ltrs
2.5 Itrs
4.51trs
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd i.e. 4.5 litres
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
f94f9f8f-fb28-44f0-9381-3dca473e305d
Atherosclerosis initiation by fibroblast plaque is mediated by injury to ?
Smooth muscle
Media
Adventitia
Endothelium
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Endothelium The most acceptable hypothesis for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is "the response to injury hypothesis". According to this hypothesis, atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the aerial wall initiated by injury to endothelium. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis Following s...
Pathology
null
2bd25b9c-bacf-42d2-9d7a-a758fafa4559
Late onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery is caused by?
Staphylococcus
Candida
Bacillus cereus
Propionibacterium acnes
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Propionibacterium acnes * Organisms depends upon the type of endophthalmitis A) Exogenous endophthalmitis 1) Post - operative i) Acute post - operative (within 1-7 days after surgery) :- S. epidermidis, S.aureus, Streptococcus, Gram negative bacilli. ii) Delayed onset (a week to months after surgery);...
Unknown
null
f4617451-2e67-4974-acd3-3ce29cd1e1f4
Injury caused by pedestrian in a vehicular accident due to striking to the object on road is known as -
Primary injury
Secondary injury
Acceleration injury
Deceleration injury
1b
single
the synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology; Dr k.s narayan reddy; 28th edition ;pg.no. 148 . Injury caused by the victim's striking object such as the ground comes under secondary injury .
Forensic Medicine
Mechanical injuries
ec4a4744-d6ab-4e26-9fc5-307e1ac2536c
Transpo of neutral substances across the cell membrane occurs
Porins
Lonophore
Lipopolysaccharides
Diffusion
3d
single
D i.e. DiffusionTranspo simple passive diffusion is oured by small size, lipid solubility (hydrophobicity) absence of charge (neutrality), and absence of polarity (nonpolar nature)Q.
Physiology
null
927276cf-efe1-4671-a2a7-aab44ea1f445
Shingles is caused by
HBV
Ureaplasma
Mycoplasma
Varicella
3d
single
Shingles, also known as zoster or herpes zoster, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area.Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide stripe either on the left or right side of the body or face. Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be tingling or local pain ...
Dental
Vestibulobullous disorders
86988ada-6de4-4eec-ae88-d585465e6ee8
Alpha fetoprotein is a marker of
Hepatoblastoma
Seminoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Choriocarcinoma
0a
single
Ref Robbins 8/e p 327; 7/e P339,9/e p869_870 AFP is Glycoprotein synthesized in fetal life by yolk sac,fetal liver,fetal GIT.It is a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma,non seminomatous germ cell tumor Of testis Elevated level of AFP Is found less regularly in carcinoma of lung,colon, pancreas IImpoant points about hepa...
Anatomy
General anatomy
dc3bccca-2553-4045-b8bf-c405d8401ea6
During the course of an operation on an unstable, critically ill patient, the left ureter is lacerated through 50% of its circumference. If the patient's condition is felt to be too serious to allow time for definitive repair, alternative methods of management include
Ligation of the injured ureter and ipsilateral nephrostomy
Ipsilateral nephrectomy
Placement of a catheter from the distal ureter through an abdominal wall stab wound
Placement of a suction drain adjacent to the injury without further manipulation that might convert the partial laceration into a complete disruption
0a
multi
If time and the patient's condition permit, primary ureteral reconstruction should be carried out. In the middle third of the ureter, this will usually consist of ureteroureterostomy using absorbable sutures over a stent. If the injury involves the upper third, ureter pyeloplasty may be necessary. In the lower third, u...
Surgery
Urinary Tract
16800754-676a-4dd1-bafc-f2bbc992f771
Which of the following is false regarding frontal sinusitis
Pain shows periodicity
Most common sinus involved in infants and children
Pain is referred to as office headache
Tenderness is present just above the medial canthus of eye
1b
multi
Clinical features of frontal sinusitis: A frontal headache: showing periodicity and tenderness.  Oedema of upper eyelids with suffused conjunctiva and photophobia. Nasal discharge: a vertical streak of mucopus is seen high up in the anterior part of middle meatus  X-ray: opacity of affected sinus seen. Both Waters' an...
ENT
null
4981ae0f-8693-47d9-81ff-a0551dfd97e9
Which of the following is used for the treatment of Myopia –
Nd–YAG LASER
Excimer Laser
Carbamazepine
SSRI
1b
single
Most commonly used procedures in refractive surgery are performed with an excimer laser.
Ophthalmology
null
3d808736-2c71-44da-a7ac-81964e19d7f8
Flowing wax appearance on anterior borders of veebrae is seen in-
Ankylosing spondylitis
DISH
Psoriatic ahropathy
Rheumatoid ahritis
1b
single
Calcification of Anterior longitudinal ligament- DISH; Diffuse Idiopathic skeletal hyper osteosis Calcification of posterior longitudinal ligament -OPLL: Ossified posterior longitudinal ligament - JAPAN: Disease Ossification / calcification of interosseous membrane - FLUOROSIS
Radiology
Musculoskeletal Radiology
a813e09b-d51f-4391-8e2c-99d558b0855f
Normally which tooth remains in mouth lastly?
Maxillary canine
Mandibular canine
Mandibular central & lateral incisor
Maxillary 1st premolar
1b
multi
Mandibular canine has the maximum chances of last remaining tooth in mouth.
Dental
null