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f914423c-f602-4820-88de-1c85d233dc9e | All of the following are known side effects with the use of tocolytic therapy except : | Tachycardia | Hypotension | Hyperglycemia | Fever | 3d | multi | Ans. is d i.e. Fever | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
fcfffecf-871e-4048-9fdc-febc10ef03c8 | Regarding Modified duke’s criteria for Infective endocarditis, all are true except | Positive blood culture for typical Infective endocarditis organisms from2 separate blood cultures | 2 positive cultures from samples drawn atleast 12 hours apart. | Single positive blood culture positive for staphylococcus aureus | Phase 1 IgG antibody titer>1:800 | 2c | multi | Single positive blood culture positive for coxiella burnetti is one of the criteria for diagnosis of Infective endocarditis. | Medicine | null |
2ee18a5a-4a1a-4d24-80da-0a46c7c8467f | Which of the following antihypeensive inhibits vesicular uptake of NA - | Propranolol | Prazosin | Reserpine | Guanithidine | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Reserpine o Reserpine inhibits vesicular uptake of NA, 5-HT & DA --) monoamines are gradually depleted and degraded by MAO. | Pharmacology | null |
6c75c176-53d4-4e9e-b285-62ca3c2b7e9d | Buerger's Disease is associated with - | Alcoholism | Smoking | Trauma | Cold environment | 1b | single | Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)
Thromboangiitis obliterans is a distinctive disease that is characterized by segmental, thrombosing acute and chronic inflammation of medium-sized and small-sized arteries, and sometimes secondarily extending to veins and nerves.
Thromboangiitis obliterans occurs almost ex... | Pathology | null |
8b9a3254-d75b-43f1-b5bf-6290cca53322 | True about barbiturates ? | Have steep dose response curve | Have analgesic action | Are enzyme inhibitors | Acidification of urine is done in poisoning | 0a | multi | Ans. is ,a, i.e., Have steep dose response curve(Ref: Goodmen & Gillmen |2',h/e p. 471)Barbiturates depress all areas of CNS, but the reticular activating system is most sensitive.Barbiturates have steep dose response curve.Except For phenobarbitone in epiteliu andthiopentonein anaesthesia,barbituratesare used now'The ... | Pharmacology | null |
8b43d94d-691d-4cb3-ad9f-5914664723d9 | Murphy's sign is seen in | Acute cholecystitis | Cholangiocarcinoma | Cholangitis | Periampullary cancer | 0a | single | In the acute cholecystitis, the patient may have right upper quadrant tenderness that is exacerbated during inspiration by the examiner's right subcostal palpation (Murphy's sign). A positive Murphy's sign suggests acute inflammation and may be associated with a leukocytosis and moderately elevated liver function tests... | Surgery | General surgery |
eba0bd7c-41dd-4eee-8b12-0464047238ab | Poor prognostic factors for acute pancreatitis are all, EXCEPT: | Hyperglycemia | Hypocalcemia | Raised LDH levels in blood | Hyperamylasemia | 3d | multi | Hyperamylasemia is not mentioned as the poor prognostic factor. Increased blood glucose, Increased LDH, and decreased serum calcium, all are included in the ranson's criteria of severe pancreatitis. Ref: Sabiston 18/e, Page 1600; Schwaz 9/e, Page 1183; Washington Manual of Surgery 4/e, Page 282. | Surgery | null |
889d7ad5-e3ae-40b9-a4e3-eea0af7cdf06 | Which of the following cytokines are elevated in endometroisis | IL-4 | IL-5 | IL-6 | IL-7 | 2c | single | IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 are elevated in endometriosis. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
501aa201-a7a9-4a55-b1a9-19654547c9b4 | Mechanism of action of paclitaxel is: | Topoisomerase inhibition | Increases the polymerization of tubulin | Inhibits protein synthesis | Alkylation of DNA | 1b | single | Paclitaxel It is a complex diterpin taxane obtained from bark of the Western yew tree, which exes cytotoxic action by a novel mechanism. It enhances polymerization of tubulin: a mechanism opposite to that of vinca alkaloids. The microtubules are stabilized and their depolymerization is prevented. This stability results... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
411c8ebf-5307-4660-ac56-16908b348c78 | Low osmolarity ORS - false statment is | Glucose concentration 75 mmol/liter | Sodium concentation 75 mmol/liter | Osmolarity is 311 mosm/liter | Postassium is 20 mmol/liere | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Osmolarity is 311 mosm/liter | Pediatrics | null |
3528ba00-c003-4c4c-aa95-c5b284b0c462 | All are used for cervical ripening, except : | Ergometrine | Oxytocin | Stripping of membranes | Prostaglandins | 0a | multi | Ergometrine | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
791a1757-8408-4536-b27c-7891bc3ce4d9 | Systolic pressure gradient across aoic valve is elevated in - | Aoic stenosis | VSD | Mitral stenosis | ASD | 0a | single | The obstruction to LV outflow produces a systolic pressure gradient between the LV and aoa. AS increases in severity, LV systole may become prolonged so that the aoic valve closure sound no longer precedes the pulmonic valve closure sound, and the two components may become synchronous, or aoic valve closure may even fo... | Medicine | C.V.S |
55cdcdab-a439-4cab-aa00-c2e36492c256 | Gall stones are composed of all except: | Oxalates | Bile salts | Cholesterol | Bile pigments | 0a | multi | Ans: a (Oxalates)Ref: Bailey & Love, 24thed, p. 1103 & 23rd ed, p. 974 | Surgery | Gall Bladder & Bile Ducts |
3c2a955e-33cf-4240-a4f7-b1fb72146ba9 | Which of the following statements is true regarding peussis ? | Neurological complication rate of DPT is I in 50000 | Vaccine efficacy is more than 95% | Erythromycin prevents spread of disease between children | The degree of polymorphonuclear Leukocytosis correlates with the severity of cough | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Erythromycin prevents spread of disease between children o Efficacy of Peusis Vaccine - repoed to be from 70-90% o Risk of acute encephalopathy - is 1 in 40, 000 cases following DTP vaccine. o Peusis toxin produces Lymphocytosis & not polymorphonuclear Leukoctyosis. Leukocytosis due to absolute lympho... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
349818cf-b385-4533-994f-e2e713db2c80 | Which of the following is an alkaline type of renal calculi? | Calcium stone | Uric acid stone | Cystine stone | All of the above | 0a | multi | Alkaline - Calcium stone
Acidic - Uric acid and cystine stones | Medicine | null |
83b78529-4136-49e4-8548-df72c896a2ee | In post-ovulatory phase thickness of endometrium is because of | Progesterone | Oestrogen | FSH | LH | 0a | single | In mammals an endocrine gland that develops in the ovary at the site of the Graafian follicle after rupture of the follicle wall and discharge of the ovum (ovulation); it consists of altered follicular (so-called lutein) cells. If pregnancy does not follow ovulation, the corpus luteum degenerates within one or two week... | Physiology | Endocrinology |
128cd960-21ea-4ed1-ac50-ecb54f4e4efe | Kocher Langenbeck approach for emergency acetabular fixation is done in all, EXCEPT: | Open fracture | Progressive sciatic nerve injury | Recurrent dislocation in spite of closed reduction and traction | Open irrigation and debridement of the hip joint | 1b | multi | Indications for Kocher Langenbeck approach: 1. Open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fractures Posterior wall Posterior column Transverse posterior wall Posterior column-posterior wall T-type Transverse 2. Open irrigation and debridement of the hip joint 3. Recurrent dislocation in spite of closed reductio... | Surgery | null |
229aee37-22d2-428a-b962-b642fd1cebd6 | Bitemporal hemianopia can be due to: | Third ventricle tumour | Meningioma of sella diaphragmatica | Calcarine coex infarction | Aneurysm of basilar aery | 1b | single | Ans. Meningioma of sella diaphragmatica | Ophthalmology | null |
90396d2b-c4e8-4b35-ad76-0c29fe86aee6 | Which nerve is involved in this presentation? | Long thoracic Nerve | Musculocutaneous nerve | Lateral anterior thoracic nerve | Thoracodorsal nerve | 0a | single | Ans. A long thoracic nerveNerve involvedMuscleLong thoracic NerveSerratus anteriorMusculocutaneous NerveCoracobrachialis muscleLateral anterior thoracic NervePectoralis major muscleThoracodorsal NerveLatissimus Dorsi | Anatomy | Upper Extremity |
08d1ac58-a538-43ed-afd6-7965cfd6b103 | Which of the following glomerular disease is associated with Crescent formation? | Minimal change disease | Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis | Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis | Rapidly non progressive glomerulonephritis | 1b | single | The most common histological picture of Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is the presence of crescents in most of glomeruli. Crescents are formed by proliferation of parietal cells and by migration of monocytes and macrophages in the Bowman's space. The prognosis can be roughly related to the number of crescents. ... | Pathology | null |
22416f1a-03f1-463a-ba4c-7cbe7b0977ce | In 2001 census, which one of the following denominators was used for calculating the literacy rate - | Population 5 years of age and above | Population 7 years of age and above | Population 10 years of age and above | People who can read and write irrespective of age | 1b | multi | The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has drafted a definition of literacy as the "ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, compute and use printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enablin... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases |
cb402371-9750-4023-a802-77492cda1b3a | False positive OGTT is seen in all except? | Malnourished | Infection | Severe emotional stress | Exercise | 3d | multi | During exercise the muscles will consume sugar; hence sugar levels can be normal in a diabetic patient. However in malnourished patients, bedridden, infection state and severe emotional stress false positive OGTT is seen. It can be explained by catecholamine surge and release of counter- regulatory hormones. | Medicine | Diabetes Mellitus |
d6f388a3-1d3f-4862-941f-65ee58b6dca4 | Deep perineal pouch contains | Bulb of penis | Crura of penis | Bulbospongiosus | Membranous urethra | 3d | single | Deep perineal pouch is the anatomic space enclose by the perineum and located superior to the perineal membrane. the contents are deep transverse perineal muscle, external sphincter muscle of urethra, membranous poion of urethra, bulbourethral gland. Ref - BDC 6e Vol2 pg355 | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
f7f4bcac-ffdb-4515-bf1b-419d05c5dfb4 | Negative montoux test is when induration is - | <5mm | <10mm | <15 mm | <20 mm | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., < 5 mm MethodIntradermal injection of PPD on flexor aspect of forearm|Examined at 48-72 hours||||Induration > 10 mmInduration < 5 mmInduration 6-9 mm|||PositiveNegativeEquivocal|Repeat tuberculin test (two step testing) | Microbiology | Mycobacteria |
016154cc-a5eb-4b4a-a321-886674f33102 | Haversian canal is not seen in | Compact bone | Diaphyseal bone | Spongy bone | Coical Bone | 2c | single | Cancellous bone, also known as spongy or trabecular bone, is one of the two types of bone tissue found in the human body. Cancellous bone is found at the ends of long bones, as well as in the pelvic bones, ribs, skull, and the veebrae in the spinal column. Spongy bone consists of plates (trabeculae) and bars of bone ad... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
83afde3d-cab3-43b1-9516-8851ee4aae59 | Which of the following feature on second trimester ultrasound is not a marker of Down's | Single umbilical aery | Choroid plexus cyst | Diaphragmatic hernia | Duodenal atresia | 1b | single | Ans. is b i.e. Choroids plexus cyst Abnormalities associated with Down's syndrome (as listed in Benacerraf and Callen). Brachycephaly (sho frontal lobe) Ventriculomegaly Flat facies, small earsdeg Increase nuchal fold thickness Absent nasal bone Cystic hygroma (more associated with trisomy 18) Sho humerus and femur Cli... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
c229311a-aee1-4803-8f9d-26646be67833 | Finish line in acrylic jacket crown is: | Shoulder | Shoulder with bevel | Radial shoulder | Exaggerated chamfer | 0a | single | Shoulder
It is a right-angled finish line.
Produces a wide ledge which resists compressive occlusal forces.
Requires more preparation, hence it is not conservative.
Indicated for ceramic restorations – all ceramic and metal ceramic (where ceramic forms the margin).
It is prepared using a flat-end tapering diamond. Thi... | Dental | null |
4cbe210a-0779-4ba7-b599-e9b89fa5a0b1 | A 5-year-old child from a rural area presented to the OPD with pustular lesions on the lower legs. The cuture from the lesion showed hemolytic colonies on the blood agar which were Gram-positive cocci. Which of the following reactions would help to provisionally confirm the diagnosis of group A streptococcal pyoderma? | Optochin sensitivity | Bacitracin sensitivity | Catalase positivity | Bile solubility | 1b | multi | Answer: b. Bacitracin sensitivity (Ref Ananthanaravan 8/e pe p205-206)Gram-positive cocci with alpha hemolytic colonies on sheep agar are Streptococcus viridians and Streptococcus pneumoniae.They can be fuher differentiated on basis of optochin sensitivity, Streptococcus viridians-optochin resistantor Streptococcus pne... | Microbiology | null |
8891b907-e8f3-4192-b7a2-c3b9785c2a6d | A 30-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding for 2 weeks. A diagnosis of H mole is made by ultrasound scanning. Suction evacuation is performed and the diagnosis of a complete H mole is confirmed by HPE of curettings.What is the most appropriate next step in the management? | Give 1/m methotrexate daily for 5 days | Perform hysterectomy | Perform serum b-hCG levels weekly till the test becomes negative | Perform curettage after 2 weeks | 2c | multi | Ans. is c, i.e. Perform serum b-hCG levels weekly till the test becomes negativeBest T/t for H mole is suction evacuation. No need for:1. Hysterectomy after it to give methotrexate if patient is not high risk.2. Best is to follow-up with weekly hCG. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Gestational Trophoblastic Disease |
77729ce8-16d1-4818-880b-c8de1d4bba71 | Non-nucleated cells are seen in ? | Stratum lucidum | Stratum granulosum | Stratum corneum | Stratum basale | 2c | single | Stratum corneum also known as horny layer consists of cells without nucleus and hence does not divide. This layer functions as a mechanical barrier and prevents entry of microbes from environment into the body as well as prevents leakage of fluids from body to environment. | Dental | Layers of epidermis, dermis |
aaaa2e6f-69dc-4139-a87c-4a0df88f7e09 | Least common complication of lead poisoning in adults | Abdominal colic | Peripheral neuropathy | Anemia | Encephalopathy | 1b | single | B i.e. Peripheral neuropathy (Don't get astonished this is the correct answer guys) | Forensic Medicine | null |
7d59f215-dcb1-4d7d-9169-13404b3f401b | Bovine cough is charactstic of | Acute epiglottis | Foreign body | Laryngeal paralysis | Chronic bronchitis | 2c | single | (C) Laryngeal paralysis # Clinical Features: As all the muscles of larynx on one side are paralysed, vocal cord will lie in the cadaveric position i.e. 3.5 mm from the midline. The healthy cord is unable to approximate the paralysed cord, thus causing glottic incompetence. This results in hoarseness of voice and aspira... | ENT | Miscellaneous (E.N.T.) |
af1f935c-10f1-4b29-b4ff-d4d50f69de21 | Dripping Candle Wax lesion on spine is seen in- | Metastasis | TB spine | Osteopetrosis | Melorheostosis | 3d | single | *Melorheostosis, also known as Leri disease, is an uncommon mesenchymal dysplasia manifesting as regions of sclerosing bone with a characteristic dripping wax appearance or flowing candle wax appearance. REF:Bansal A.The dripping candle wax sign. Radiology. 2008;246(2):638-40 | Anatomy | Miscellaneous |
a4d22a83-6cff-4844-9f46-84234b540d58 | The most important action of Secretin is to | neutralize the acid from the stomach | increase secretion of bicarbonates by pancreas | decrease gastric secretion | cause contraction of pyloric sphincter | 1b | single | Main Action of Secretin:
Secretin increases the secretion of bicarbonate by the duct cells of the pancreas and biliary tract. It thus causes the secretion of a watery, alkaline pancreatic juice (with high content of bicarbonate). Its action on pancreatic duct cells is mediated via cAMP.
Secretin causes alkaline pancrea... | Physiology | null |
5d787c24-5f4f-4a50-b736-cd659a7eac66 | Which is the pandemic strain of influenza - | H1N1 | H2N2 | H5N1 | H3N3 | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., H1N1 Pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009o The pandemic influenza A (HsN| ) 2009 virus differs in its pathogenicity from seasonal influenza in two key aspects.i) First, as the majority of human population has little or no pre-existing immunity to the virus, the impact of the infection has been in a wider ag... | Microbiology | Myxo Viruses |
0ea2df59-fec3-41bf-adea-d1a88b65fb3c | For which of the following seizures would Carbamazepine be prescribed as the appropriate drug treatment for prevention? | Generalized tonic clonic | Simple paial | status epilepticus | Complex paial | 3d | single | Carbamazepine is the drug of first choice for the treatment of complex paial seizures of children. These seizures sta focally and subsequently generalize with a loss of consciousness. Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant drug which is chemically related to the tricyclic antidepressants. This drug has been shown to be eff... | Medicine | null |
e9a3cb69-6a58-4627-8296-c769729ce999 | Ipsilateral optic atrophy with contralateral papilloedema is a feature of : | Fischer syndrome | Foster kennedy syndrome | Vogt-kayanagi-Harada syndrome | WAGR syndrome | 1b | single | B i.e. Foster-Kennedy Syndrome | Ophthalmology | null |
4da4ef73-2734-4a8c-a6d0-d2eb1ac7b629 | Macrophage is CNS | Fibrous Astrocyte | Microglia | Oligodendrocyte | Protoplasmic astrocyte | 1b | single | Microglia are scavenger cells in CNS that resemble tissue macrophages and remove debris resulting from the injury. Ganong's review of medical physiology; 23rd edition; pg: 80 | Physiology | Nervous system |
4dda7a3a-d8ab-482d-916c-040d0415b398 | 10 weeks pregnant female having a breast lump lateral to areola of 2×1 cm, USG breast normal, what is the next step now? | FNAC | Lupectomy | MRI | Mammogram | 0a | multi | To rule out carcinoma fine needle aspiration cytology is done. | Surgery | null |
9de10979-fe0e-4057-8778-3161b31025a6 | Which of the following movements will be affected if the greater tubercle of the humerus is lost - | Abduction and lateral rotation | Adduction and flexion | Adduction and medial rotation | Flexion and medial rotation | 0a | single | Muscles attached to greater tuberosity are.
Supraspinatus: - Helps in the initial range of abduction.
Infraspinatous, Teres minor : - External (lateral) rotation.
Therefore, these movements are affected in fracture greater tuberosity.
Muscle attached to lesser tuberosity is subscapularis (an internal or medial rota... | Orthopaedics | null |
c3b10403-c499-4fbc-acc5-3f8576e5a806 | All of the following statements are true regarding comparison between vacuum delivery and forceps delivery, EXCEPT: | Retinal hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage and subgaleal hemorrhage are more common in ventouse delivery than forceps | Intracranial pressure rises during traction | Cephalohematoma is more common with vacuum extraction | Less maternal trauma by vacuum as compared with forceps | 1b | multi | Advantages of the vacuum extractor compared with forceps include: Avoidance of inseion of space-occupying steel blades within the vagina No requirement for precise positioning over the fetal head Less maternal trauma Less intracranial pressure during traction Complications of the vacuum extractor include, Scalp lacerat... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
819068f4-79e8-4955-8a42-5a6681c85a77 | Presence of delta sign on contrast enhanced CT SCAN suggests presence of ? | Lateral Sinus thrombophlebitis | Cholesteatoma | Cerebellar abscess | Mastoiditis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lateral Sinus thrombophlebitis LATERAL SINUS THROMBOPHLEBITIS (SIGMOID SINUS THROMBOSIS) Lateral or sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis arises from inflammation in the adjacent mastoid. It may occur as a complication of : ? Acute coalescent mastoiditis CSOM and cholesteatoma Clinical features Hectic Picket... | ENT | null |
910dde72-8694-4445-b67b-4ecfc8d934fd | All are USG findings of PCOS except | >=20 Follicles which are <=9 mm in size in either ovary | Ovarian Volume <=10 cc | Necklace of pearl pattern of Follicles | Thick Ovarian Stroma | 1b | multi | Cysts arrange around the periphery of ovary giving Necklace of pearl appearance on USG is Characteristic of PCOD Rotterdam PCOS Diagnostic Criteria for PCOS diagnosis : The presence of two of the three criteria is sufficient to diagnosis PCOS: menstrual cycle anomalies (amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea), clinical and/or bioc... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome |
0e3cd423-a584-4433-8ecf-21b0b84857cc | Scrub typhus is caused by- | R. tsutsugamushi | R. typhi | R. akari | R. conorii | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., R. tsutsugamushi DiseaseAgentInsect vectorMammalian reservoir1. Typhus group a. Epidemic typhusR. prowazekiiLouseHumansb. Murine typhus (Endemic typhus)R. typhiFleaRodentsc. Scrub typhusR. tsutsugamushiMiteRodents2. Spotted fever group a. Indian tick typhusR.conoriiTickRodents, dogsb. Rocky mountain s... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases |
655bef9d-6f6a-4113-9454-1d89fc61fcdc | Cyst form is found in - | Entamoeba fragilis | B.Coli | T. Vaginalis | T. Intestinalis | 1b | single | Infection is acquired from pigs and other animal reservoirs or from human carriers. The infective form is the cyst, which is ingested in contaminated food or drink.excystment takes place in the small intestine and the liberated trophozoites reach the large intestine where they feed and multiply as lumen commensals. Inf... | Microbiology | parasitology |
0fd4ee8f-d5a6-40f0-9ffc-0694e5bc13fb | Column concept of spine stability was given by? | Denis | Frenkel | Wilson | Todd | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Denis The three column concept of spinal stability Denis (1983) proposed the 3-column concept of spinal stability. He divided the above-enumerated bony and soft-tissue structures into three columns - anterior, middle and posterior as follows :- Anterior column consisting of the anterior longitudinal l... | Surgery | null |
049cc2fe-31ab-421a-830f-962cdc7e90f1 | Ostearthritis commonly involves -a) Proximal IP jointb) Distal IP jointc) Ist carpometacarpal jointd) Wrist jointe) Distal radio - ulnar joint | abc | bc | acd | bcd | 0a | single | Joint involvement in OA
Common joints : Knee, Hip, Spine (cervical, lumbosacral), Hand (PIP, DIP, first carpometacarpal), first tarso-metatarsal.
Uncommon joint : Shoulder
Spared : Wrist, elbow, ankle, metacarpophalangeal. | Orthopaedics | null |
a1c13d2a-06b9-4fbe-82ce-626b750ef03e | False about the phenomenon illustrated below is: | The gap between the CEJ and the alveolar bone crest contains dentin only, leading to less material available in cervical region to absorb X-rays | The rounded cross-section of most roots accentuates this phenomenon peripherally | The mesial and distal surfaces of teeth show bands of burnout, which end abruptly at the alveolar bone margin | None of the above | 3d | multi | Diffuse radiolucent areas with ill-defined borders may be apparent radiographically on the mesial or distal aspects of teeth in the cervical regions between the edge of the enamel cap and the crest of the alveolar ridge (The gap between the CEJ and the alveolar bone crest contains dentin only). This phenomenon, called ... | Radiology | null |
46ffe73d-7ace-4aae-bbe5-a59a0c71b43e | All of the following statement about plague are wrong except - | Domestic rat is main reservoir | Bubonic is the most common variety | The causative bacillus can survive up to 10 years in the soil of rodent burrows | Incubation period for pneumonic plaque is one to three dayseks | 1b | multi | -plaque is primarily a zoonoses caused by Yersenia pestis. The causative bacillus can survive and multiply in the soil of the rodent burrow. - the reservoir of plaque is wild rodents, filed mice gerbils and skunks. - in India, the wild rodent Tatera indica is the main reservoir. - Bubonic plague is the most common vari... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
2aba8f3a-d451-4fb0-91eb-9e740836110a | Hepatotoxic inhalational agent | Halothane | Enflurane | Desflurane | Sevoflurane | 0a | single | All inhalational agent cause maild hepatotoxicity by decreasing hepatic blood flowIsoflurane is the agent of choice in liver disease as it has least effect on Hepatic blood flowDirect hepatotoxicity (Hepatitis, hepatic necrosis) is caused by- halothane, chloroform, trilene, methoxyflurane(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Cl... | Anaesthesia | All India exam |
4014580a-5c02-4bc6-b89c-717e0cc1f5eb | What is the new advance in cataract surgery? | Femtosecond laser | Neodymium Laser | Nanosecond laser | Picosecond Laser | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Femtosecond laser * Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery provides surgeons an exciting new option to potentially improve patient outcomes and safety.* In this surgery a femtosecond laser is used for various steps like lens fragmentation and capsulotomy.* Although the results have been good the ... | Ophthalmology | Lens |
0d2eafd9-b395-4680-9ccf-1c83b9129f31 | A child in status epilepticus should not be given | Clonazepam | Phos Phenytoin | Phenobarbital | Diazepam | 0a | single | Seizures are one of the adverse effects of clonazepam Drugs Commonly Used In Status Epilepticus*Lorazepam *Midazolam*Diazepam*Phosphenytoin*Paraldehyde*Phenobarbital*Pentobarbital *Propofol*Thiopentone*ValproateSteps in management of status epilepticusIV Diazepam 0.1-0.3 mg/kg (or)Lorazepam 0.05-0.1 mg/kg|Fosphenytoin ... | Anatomy | All India exam |
6505b2bc-103a-40fb-8e88-6108fbf5ce59 | A 12-month-old infant with a history of recurrent infections, eczema, generalized edema, and easy bruising is diagnosed with an X-linked, recessive, congenital immunodeficiency. The CBC shows thrombocytopenia. What is the most likely diagnosis? | DiGeorge syndrome | Isolated IgA deficiency | Severe combined immunodeficiency | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome | 3d | single | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. This rare syndrome is characterized by (1) recurrent infections, (2) hemorrhages secondary to thrombocytopenia, and (3) eczema. It typically manifests in boys within the first few months of life as petechiae and recurrent infections (e.g., diarrhea). It is caused by numerous distinct mutations... | Pathology | Immunity |
b354624c-b45e-4c90-8f92-74ee6379ad65 | Using a new technique, Hb was estimated in a blood sample. The test was repeated for 10 times. The reports were : 9.5, 9.2, 9.4, 9.6, 9.7, 9.9, 10.2, 10.3, 10.5, 12.1. Accurate value of Hb was estimated by standard tests to be 10.2. The new technique has - | High validity and high reliability | Low validity and low reliability | High validity and low reliability | Low validity and high reliability | 1b | single | Validity (Accuracy)
The validity of a test is the extent to which it accurately measures which it purports to measure. In other words its the ability to show which individuals have the disease in question and which do not.
Validity has two components - sensitivity & specificity. To be truly valid, a test should be hig... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
95678d26-cc64-4701-84c2-f0176ee6c324 | All are complication of tonsillitis EXCEPT: | Otitis media | Abscess | Malignant change | Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis | 2c | multi | Ans. (c) Malignant changeRef: DhingrcTs ENT 5th ed. / 272-273* Acute tonsillitis often affects school-going children, but it can also affect adults.Cause:* MCC: Group A Beta Hemolytic streptococcus* Acute infections of tonsil may involve these components and are thus classified as:# Acute catarrhal or superficial tonsi... | ENT | Operative Surgery |
2ca54941-bd23-448a-9600-4785830e5f65 | Which one of the following is the most significant risk factor for development of gastric carcinoma ? | Paneth cell metaplasia | Pyloric metaplasia | Intestinal metaplasia | Ciliated metaplasia | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Intestinal metaplasia"The risk of tumor development is greatly increased in patients in whom mucosal inflammation progresses to multifocal mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia"- Robbins`Serial endoscopic examinations of the stomach in patients with atrophic gastritis have documented replacement o... | Pathology | null |
e9841753-72a1-4f8c-8375-a967e4a0bf87 | The ratio of concentration of drug in co-trimoxazole trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is: | 1:02 | 1:03 | 1:05 | 3:01 | 2c | single | Trimethoprim is usually given orally, alone or in combination with sulfamethoxazole, which has a similar half-life. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can also be given intravenously. Trimethoprim is well absorbed from the gut and distributed widely in body fluids and tissues, including cerebrospinal fluid. Because trimetho... | Pharmacology | null |
7bb78cdf-b65a-4e4b-b12f-0eb233c29c8b | Which of the following disease is caused by inflammatory reaction involved by neutrophils? | Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Septic shock | Asthma | Ahritis | 0a | single | Diseases Caused by Inflammatory ReactionsDisordersCells and Molecules involved in injuryAcute Acute respiratorydistress syndromeNeutrophilsAsthmaEosinophils; IgE antibodiesGlomerulonephritisAntibodies and complement; neutrophils, monocytesSeptic shockCytokinesChronicAhritisLymphocytes, macrophages; antibodies?AsthmaEos... | Pathology | General pathology |
103d3fe8-55f6-4de5-bf2c-5f6fd130869b | True about dysplastic nevus syndrome all except | Autosomal recessive | Half of such patients develop melanoma by age 60 years | Associated with mutations in BRAF and NRAS | Disorder with numerous dysplastic nevi | 0a | multi | It is autosomal dominant disorder. | Pathology | null |
e57551b1-32bf-4f6c-b97a-d61c6d6e34f7 | In an elective lap cholecystectomy with no gross spillage, antibiotics required are | Single dose of Preoperative IV antibiotic followed by a 5 day course of oral antibiotics | Post operative IV antibiotics for 1 day followed by a 5 day course of oral antibiotics | Single dose of Preoperative IV antibiotic only | 5 day course of oral antibiotics only | 2c | single | Elective lap cholecystectomy is a clean-contaminated surgery, single preoperative IV antibiotic during decisive period is sufficientThere is no evidence that fuher doses of antibiotics after surgery are of any value in prophylaxis against infectionWhen wounds are heavily contaminated or when an incision is made into an... | Surgery | General surgery |
56b9ec53-70cd-458a-93c9-e19c82b139bb | A child presents with complaints of abdominal colic and hematuria USG showed a renal stone 2.5 cm in diameter in renal pelvis the next step in management of this case: | ESWL | Pyelolithotomy | Nephroureterostomy | Conservative | 0a | multi | Ans. (a) ESWLRef: Campbell 10th Edition, Pages1302-1309* The best option is PCNL followed by ESWL for this stone of size 2.5cmStone Size and Treatment:# Stone <2cm- ESWL# Stone >2cm - PCNL# Staghorn stone - PCNL + ESWL | Surgery | Kidney & Ureturs |
f15535c7-a542-4fb2-a86e-d1bd10a87b6f | According to a recent Supreme Court Judgment, doctor can be charged for Medical Negligence under section 304-A, only if: | If he is from corporate hospital | If negligence is from inadvertent error | Gross negligence | Res Ipsa Loquitur | 2c | single | Ans is 'c' i.e. Gross negligence Ref: Reddy Forensic 28/e p34Section 304A: deals with causing death by negligence. The section states- "Whoever causes the death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which ... | Forensic Medicine | Medical Negligence |
c56d0082-bf64-48a0-9e05-1d391b7a96b5 | Creatinine is synthesized from | Glycine, Arginine and Methionine | Glycine and Methionine | Ornithine and Glycine | Thymine and Ornithine | 0a | single | Creatine & CreatinineCreatinine is formed in muscle from creatine phosphate by irreversible, nonenzymatic dehydration, and loss of phosphate. Since the 24-hour urinary excretion of creatinine is propoionate to muscle mass, it provides a measure of whether a complete 24-hour urine specimen has been collected. Glycine, a... | Biochemistry | Structure and function of protein |
2d2fb3de-a886-4fe9-ae7f-14fca799c934 | A 35-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist with complaints of burning on urination for the past 2 days. Dipstick test of her urine demonstrates marked positivity for leukocyte esterase, but not reactivity for nitrite. Urine culture later grows out large numbers of organisms. Which of the following bacteria are mo... | Enterobacter sp | Enterococcus faecalis | Escherichia coli | Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1b | single | The positive leukocyte esterase test indicates the presence of neutrophils in the urine, suggesting a bacterial infection. The nitrite test exploits the fact that most Enterobacteria (gram-negative enteric rods) are able to form nitrite from nitrate; thus, the nitrite test is used to diagnose urinary tract infections. ... | Microbiology | null |
56259703-8fcb-4b28-a9fc-502b9efed16d | A child with an obvious rash presents with recurrent infections. Investigation revealed decreased platelet count and reduced 1gM. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis - | Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura | Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura | Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome | All | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome The classical triad of rash, thrombocytopenia and recurrent infection (immunodeficiency; .LIgM) suggest a diagnosis of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. | Pediatrics | null |
0573a3c2-f9aa-44d9-baac-8f23ece70f2c | Common symptoms of panic attacks include the all of following except? | Fear of dying | Fear of losing control | Fear of going crazy | Suicidal thoughts | 3d | multi | Suicidal thought is not common symptom of panic attack. Patient has a feeling of impeding doom. There is feeling of going crazy , losing control and dying. | Psychiatry | Neurotic, Stress Related and Somatoform Disorders |
d32603d8-c1dd-403b-a8ec-e708450a91ad | Which of the following is TRUE about papillary carcinoma of thyroid? | Cells have intranuclear vacuolation | Amyloid deposition are seen | Encapsulated | Comprises 10-15% of all thyroid cancer | 2c | multi | Papillary carcinoma thyroid is most common of all thyroid cancers and it comprises about 85% of all thyroid cancers. Amyloid deposition is the feature of medullary carcinoma thyroid, not of papillary carcinoma. Cells in papillary carcinoma thyroid shows Orphan eye nuclei. "Papillary carcinomas are solitary or multifoca... | Surgery | null |
867bbebb-2c91-4b5c-8e7c-67c43c216454 | Use of dangerous weapon is related to which section of IPC? | 304 | 319 | 322 | 324 | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e.,324 Offences related to Hurt* 319 IPC: Defines hurt.* 320 IPC: Defines grievous hurt.* 321 IPC: Voluntarily causing hurt.* 322 IPC: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.* 323 IPC: Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt (no provocation, no dangerous weapon) (1 years imprisonment).* 324 IPC: Punishment for... | Forensic Medicine | Law & Medicine, Identification, Autopsy & Burn |
56417a1c-f476-4a6f-a472-fb940c723d0f | A patient presents to the emergency depament with uniocular diplopia. Examination with oblique illumination shows golden crescent while . examination with co-axial illumination show a dark crescent line. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis - | Lenticonus | Coloboma | Microspherophakia | Ectopia lentis | 3d | single | Ectopia lentis is a displacement or malposition of the eye's crystalline lens from its normal location. A paial dislocation of a lens is termed lens subluxation or subluxated lens; a complete dislocation of a lens is termed lens luxation or luxated lens. Uniocular diplopia is due to paial aphakia. Edge of subluxated le... | Ophthalmology | Lens |
a8fe09e4-ef75-4466-80ee-957b1213785b | Protein synthesis occurs in | Ribosome | Golgi apparatus | Lysosomes | Endosomes | 0a | single | Synthesis of proteins are based on the grnic information present on the DNA which is transcribef into the mRNA nucleotide sequence and then translated to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain. The mRNA encodes the information,tge tRNA transposthe aminoacids and ribosomes provide the platform for the protein ... | Biochemistry | Structure and function of protein |
640a0048-ee5f-47c9-ab6b-6d8f11e017c4 | FNAC is useful in diagnosing all the following EXCEPT | Papillary carcinoma | Follicular carcinoma | Anaplastic carcinoma | Lymphoma | 1b | multi | Ans. b (Follicular carcinoma) (Ref. Bailey and Love 25th/pg. 780)FNAC is the investigation of choice in discrete thyroid swellings. Thyroid conditions that may be diagnosed by FNAC include colloid nodules, thyroiditis, papillary carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma and lymphoma. FNAC cannot distinguish ... | Pathology | Misc. |
d0b35238-78a6-454d-9bc9-65180db85bbb | Which of the following hormonal activity is expected immediately prior to Ovulation? | LH surge | FSH surge | Progestrone surge | Estrogen surge | 0a | single | Ovulation occurs due to the effect of increased concentration of LH. In the pre-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, the ovarian follicle will undergo a series of transformations called cumulus expansion, which is stimulated by FSH. This is followed by LH surge. | Physiology | null |
2914c07c-35fd-42ab-8bbc-c320f028f932 | Snake that causes paralysis with convulsions: NEET 14 | Vipers | Sea snakes | Cobra | Krait | 2c | single | Ans. Cobra | Forensic Medicine | null |
f31e0ee3-b56a-4c4a-8f40-8bcab6344117 | Oligohydramnios is related which of the following condition? | Renal Agenesis | Esophageal atresia | Anencephaly | Imperforate amis | 0a | single | ANSWER: (A) Renal agenesisREF: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligohydramnios, Williams obstetrics 22nd edition chapter 21 Repeat December 2008, June 2008Oligohydramnios is a condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid. It is the opposite of polyhydramnios.Diagnosis: Diagnosis is made by ultras... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Hydramnios and Oligo Hydramnios |
36da5ecc-7bd0-4efb-84c1-5ecc1f78a71b | Which of the following are orbital tumours a) Glioma b) Lymphoma c) Chloroma d) Meningioma e) Schwannoma | abcde | abd | abc | acd | 0a | single | Orbital tumors
Primary :- Optic nerve glioma, optic nerve sheat meningioma, cavernous hemangioma, schwannoma, lymphoma.
Secondary :- Squmous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma.
Metastasis :
Adult :- Breast, lung, prostate, kidney, GIT, melanoma.
Children :- Neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, chloroma, wilm's tumor, histi... | Ophthalmology | null |
ff1b23c1-07db-41fd-847e-aa48c66733f4 | Lines of Sebileau pass through | Floor of orbit and maxillary antrum | Floor of nasal cavity and maxillary antrum | Floor of orbit and nasal cavity | Floor of orbit and roof of mouth | 0a | single | Lederman's classification of carcinoma of the maxillary sinus is using two lines of Sebileau, one passing through the floor of maxillary antrum the other through the roof of antrum or floor of orbit dividing area into Supra structure, Mesostructure and Intra structure. (Ref: Textbook of diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 7th... | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses |
c4876338-ebb2-4fe9-bf47-e1c2512ca632 | A 30-year-old man presents with hematuria. His examination is normal except for an elevated blood pressure of 164/94 mm Hg. An ultrasound of the kidneys reveals multiple renal cysts in both kidneys. His father had a similar condition. Which of the following is not associated with this syndrome? | liver cysts | intracranial aneurysms | autosomal dominant inheritance | rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | 3d | multi | RA is not associated with polycystic kidney disease. It has an autosomal dominant inheritance and about 50% develop renal failure by age 60 years. Cysts are also seen in the liver (more common) and pancreas. Also 5-10% of asymptomatic patients can have cerebral aneurysms. Renal transplantation is utilized in end-stage ... | Medicine | Kidney |
a46e1cd0-d6e5-4608-875b-70219ac42546 | What should be done to reduce blood loss during myomectomy for fibroid uterus: March 2012 | Preoperative oral contraceptive pills administration | Postoperative control of hypeension | Tourniquet use | Intraoperative blood transfusion | 2c | single | Ans: C i.e. Tourniquet use administration Haemorrhage should be controlled with the myomectomy clamp. If the myomectomy clamp cannot be applied as in cervical fibroid, a rubber tourniquet will serve the purpose. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
d5695b03-5b03-4fe3-87c2-fbd1ecbbe10f | The most common complication of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) | Erectile dysfunction | Retrograde ejaculation | Urinary incontinence | Urethral stricture disease | 1b | single | Retrograde ejaculation is the most common complication of TURP - 65%. It occurs d/t disruption of bladder neck mechanism. Erectile dysfunction accounts for 5% of complications.The routine use of an Otis urethrotomy prior to TURP reduces the incidence of postoperative stricture.Incontinence is inevitable if the external... | Surgery | Urology |
bf86d765-c8eb-4a38-92fc-50defa0e9eb8 | Most common benign tumor of paranasal sinuses? | Papilloma | Osteoma | Warts | Fibroma | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Osteoma * Osteoma of the frontal sinus - Most common benign tumour arising in the nasal sinuses.* The osteoma arises from the floor of the frontal sinus near the midline. | ENT | Nose and PNS |
f43047ad-5b61-4147-9aea-8e0971db7e20 | Thiazides diuretic causes all except | Hyperglycaemia | Increased calcium excretion | Useful in congestive hea failure | Decreased uric acid excretion | 1b | multi | Loop diuretics cause hypocalcemic by more excretion where as thiazides cause hypercalcemic by decreasing its excretion. | Pharmacology | Endocrinology |
f251c4ae-fbc8-49c3-a1b3-0dc77ff924bf | All are true about P-value except- | It is the probability of committing type I error | I s equal to I-ss | Is the chance that the presence of difference is concluded when actually there is none | When p-value is less than a, the result is statistically significant | 1b | multi | <p> Is equal to 1-ss. Type 1 error is usually fixed in advance by the choice of level of significance employed in the test. Power of a test:1-ss -is probability of rejecting a null hypothesis when a predetermined clinically significant difference is indeed present. -power can be increased by increasing the no. of subje... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Biostatistics |
ab12541d-0163-4551-a294-005640a6287e | All are true about Hepatitis B vaccine except | Made by inseing the segment of hepatitis B virus gene into a yeast cell | Polysaccharide- based vaccine | Hepatitis B Vaccine is identical to natural hepatitis B surface antigen, but does not contain virus DNA | Vaccine should be given at Anterolateral side of left mid-thigh | 1b | multi | Hepatitis B is recombinant protein vaccine, not polysaccharide based vaccine. Other recombinant protein Vaccines - Anti HPV vaccine, Lyme disease vaccine, Cholera toxin B vaccine Remaining all other options about Hep-B vaccine are true EXTRA EDGE: Polysaccharide based vaccines are: Typhim-Vi Pneumococcal vaccine Mening... | Social & Preventive Medicine | National Immunization Schedule 2020-21 |
8965d9e3-010c-4b86-b1bb-3e32920d06ce | Contraceptive which is not an interceptive is : | Cu - T | Norplant | RU - 486 | OC pills | 1b | single | Norplant | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
32bd578d-78e1-4da5-8bdb-3c4d78d56af3 | Progressive cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease is characterized by - | Nominal aphasia | Recent memory loss | No behavioral abnormalities | All | 1b | multi | Alzheimer's disease is characterized by early impairment of recent memory. | Psychiatry | null |
78fd0eef-7c03-49b4-b75c-0ba1ad1e00d6 | Membrane attack complex is formed by all except? | C3 | C5 | C7 | C9 | 0a | multi | Ans. (a) C3 | Microbiology | Immunology |
ae207935-07ea-4670-bb30-ce8e9e7e1342 | A patient presenta with a unilateral ca breast of 4 cm size with skin ulceration involving the nipple. On palpation axillary lymph nodes are positive. FNAC showed intrductal ca. Management would involve | Breast conserving procedure | Simple mastectomy | Modified radical mastectomy | Palliative treatment | 2c | multi | .Modified radical mastectomy- * Patey's operation: It is total mastectomy along with clearance of all levels of axillary nodes and removal of pectoralis minor muscle. It is enblock dissection of breast and axilla. An elliptical incision is made from medial aspect of the second and third intercostal space enclosing the ... | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast |
4a6c9724-dec1-4fd3-a976-36de2d9f0dd4 | Tripod fracture is the name given for - | Zygomatic fracture | Maxillary fracture | Mandibularfracture | Temporal fracture | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a1 i.e., Zygomatic fracture o Zygoma fracture is also known as tripoid fracture.Clinical features of zygoma fractureo Considerable swelling over zygomatic arch is common and makes clinical diagnosis more difficult.o Flattening of malar prominence.o Step-deformit of infraorbital margin.o Anaesthesia in the dist... | ENT | Nose and PNS |
dde96930-1192-4a3c-a685-925d43ac547f | Diagnostic test for CSF rhinorrhea is ? | Beta - 2 microglobulin | Beta - 2 transferrin | Thyroglobulin | Transthyretin | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Beta-2 transferrin Beta-2 transferrin is a CSF-specific variant of transferrin and is used as an endogenous marker of CSF leakage. Beta-2 transferrin is formed by loss of sialic acid due to the presence of neuraminidase in the central nervous system. Beta-2 transferrin has also been called CSF-specifi... | ENT | null |
31579687-1448-4606-9db6-52f9d0cc8a7f | Which of the following is NOT the criteria to discharge a patient of dengue haemorrhagic fever? | Afebrile for 24 hours without antipyretics | Platelet count greater than 50,000 cells | Return of appetite | Atleast 24 hours since recovery from shock | 3d | single | Normal urine output- 1.5 l/day For discharge patient should become afebrile 24 hrs from shock recovery would not be enough should be kept a little longer to know general well being of patient. Therefore, option a, b, d ruled out. Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome may be discharged from the... | Medicine | AIIMS 2019 |
fd24dad9-8f75-4367-ae63-03a6a28a133d | The following cytotoxic drug acts by inhibiting depoly merization of tubulin and thus producing abnormal arrays of microtubules | Vinblastine | Paclitaxel | Etoposide | Mitoxantrone | 1b | single | Taxanes mechanism of action:- It binds to b-tubulin and enhances its polymerization. The microtubules are stabilized and their depolymerization is prevented. This stability results in inhibition of normal dynamic reorganization of the microtubule network that is essential for interphase and mitotic functions. Adverse e... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
db2a57da-fb4c-4e7d-958f-33fbe2e687f6 | What is the least common cause of seizures in AIDS patients? | Toxoplasmosis | Cerebral lymphoma | Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | Cryptococcal meningitis | 2c | single | Most common causes of seizures in AIDS patients are cerebral toxoplasmosis(40%), primary CNS lymphoma(15 - 35%), cryptococcal meningitis(8%) and HIV encephalopathy(7 -50%). Seizures can also be caused by less common causes such as CNS tuberculosis, aseptic meningitis and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. | Medicine | null |
454e0e59-57c1-4077-b67e-6b06e3329c54 | Ionic exchange in the corneal endothelium depends upon the metabolic rate. Which of the following can block Ionic exchange in corneal endothelium - | Inhibition of anaerobic glycolysis | Activation of anaerobic glycolysis | Activation of cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors | Interference with electron chain transport | 1b | single | Ans. B - Anaerobic glycolysis activationAnaerobic glycolysis activation leads to pyruvate formation and 2 molecules of ATP.This pyruvate is further metabolized by citric acid cycle to CO2 and water and 36 molecules of ATP.But if there is hypoxia or increased anaerobic condition persisting, this pyruvate is converted to... | Unknown | null |
c6f70e40-6b28-459b-8b45-24344493fb98 | Bacteria with tuft of flagellae at one end are called - | Monotrichate | Peritrichate | Bipolar | Lophotrichate | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Lophotrichate Two projections from the cells are impoant in relation to bacteria? i) Flagella ii) Fimbriae Flagella Flagella are the organs of locomotion. All motile bacteria except for spirochetes possess flagella. Flagella are made up of protein antigen flagellin Though flagella of different genera ... | Microbiology | null |
0eecf55b-5391-4939-85da-11d133f05613 | Degradation of a substance takes place in which part of the cell: | Mitochondria | Nucleus | Lysosome | ER | 2c | single | Ans: c (Lysosome) Ref: Vasudevan, 4th ed,p. 17Degradation of a substance takes place in lysosomes. Phagosomes fuse with lysosomes to form phagolysosomes, inside which particles are digested.Lysosomal storage disease:DiseaseEnzyme deficiencyMajor accumulating metaboliteGlycogenosesType II (Pompes disease)Lysosomal gluco... | Biochemistry | Membrane Structure & Function |
eee79434-1b9d-431f-9903-4b9bb5f26b79 | NK cells have which CD marker ?- | CD 3 | CD 56 | CD 19 | CD 13 | 1b | single | Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition. *NK cells comprises about 10 to 60 % of circulating lymphocytes. These lymphocytes do not have B or T cell marker.NK cell carries surface molecule of CD2, CD16, CD56 but negative for T cell marker CD3 | Pathology | General pathology |
596a3694-2ec9-4bd5-afdd-d833f720c845 | Deep inguinal ring is derived from: | Fascia transversalis | Internal oblique aponeurosis | Transverse abdominis | Rectus abdominis | 0a | single | Ans: A (Fascia transversalis) Ref: Gray's Anatomy, 39th edition, 2005, Page 1110 & 1111Explanation:I. Deep inguinal ring:The deep inguinal ring is situated in the transversalis fascia (defect in transversalis fascia).Surface marking: 1.25 cm above the inguinal ligament midway between the anterior superior iliac spine a... | Anatomy | Abdominal Wall |
e7e73c0f-af7f-4d4b-a044-7546b330026e | Which of the following is coding RNA | sn RNA | mRNA | Both sn RNA and mRNA | mi RNA | 1b | multi | rRNA, Lnc RNA, sn RNA, mi RNA, tRNA are all non coding RNA.
Only mRNA is coding RNA. | Biochemistry | null |
1e5adf5e-755c-4c39-9707-a30f2b0eb9f5 | The spinal nerve pairs are : | 28 | 30 | 31 | 33 | 2c | single | C i.e. 31 | Anatomy | null |
d8611a76-4d07-4215-8493-145280585e30 | Muscles cannot make use of glycogen because of deficiency of : | Glucose-6-phosphatase | Glycogen phosphorylase | Hexokinase | Phospho-gluco-mutase | 1b | single | It is because of the deficiency of Glycogen Phosphorylase. It is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of glycogenolysis. Deficiency of Glycogen phosphorylase in muscles is known as Mc Ardle's disease The other question usually asked is why muscle cannot maintain blood glucose then the answer is due to lack of enzyme gluc... | Biochemistry | Glycogen |
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