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e72f9d62-e46a-487b-b80f-587c44721ead | Specificity of a screening test measures - | True positives | False positives | False negatives | True negatives | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e. True negatives Repeat from May 06Sensitivity is the ability of test to identify correctly all those who have the disease, i.e. 'true positives'.Specificity is the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease, i.e. 'true negatives'. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Screening for Disease |
5deba79b-45dc-4db2-930f-b97a4afc7c42 | Tandem bullet is? | Bullet which left for long in the body | Bullet not released on first fire but comes out with second bullet on second shot | Bullet that leaves a visible mark in path that a person can see | Bullet deviated from its path | 1b | single | Ans is 'b' i.e. Bullet not released on first fire but comes out with second bullet on second shot Tandem bullet (Piggey tail bullet)o It is called one-behind-other bullet because two bullets are ejected one after the other, when first bullet failed to leave the burrel and is ejected by subsequently fired bullet.o There... | Forensic Medicine | Death and Investigations |
c51558e8-d378-42c0-8854-01c7692fa6dd | Rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by - | Rickettsia rickettsii | Rochalimaea quintana | Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | Coxiella burnetii | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rickettsia Rickettsi DiseaseAgentInsect vectorMammalian reservoir1.Typhus group a. Epidemic typhusR. prowazekiiLouseHumans b. Murine typhus (Endemic typhus)R. typhiFleaRodents c. Scrub typhusR. tsutsugamushiMiteRodents2.Spotted fever group a. Indian tick typhusR. conoriiTickRodents, dogs b. Rocky moun... | Microbiology | Bacteria |
524dd61d-4682-452e-8e68-004fc1d28abe | Investigation of choice in obstructive jaundice is | ERCP | USG | Cholecystography | Laproscopy | 1b | single | B i.e. USG | Radiology | null |
9ebeb51e-0756-48b8-9641-597070a313f4 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex contains all except | Biotin | NAD | FAD | CoA | 0a | multi | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex--thiamin diphosphate, lipoate, NAD+, FAD, and CoA Reference: Harper; 30th edition; Page no: 163 | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate |
967c8897-c276-42c5-a642-d9f35bb82420 | Which of the following is the most impoant adjuvant therapy in fungal corneal ulcer: | Atropine sulphate eye ointment | Dexamethasone eye drops | Lignocaine eye drops | Pilocarpine eye drops | 0a | single | Atropine sulphate causes decrease in ciliary spasm and causes mydriasis thus preventing the chance of posterior synechia. It also increases blood supply to the anterior uvea by reliving pressure from the anterior ciliary aeries and brings antibodies to the aqueos humour. It reduces exudation by decreasing hyperaemia an... | Ophthalmology | null |
ca9bb0a1-7b5a-4741-a653-a9fa6637b3ef | All of the following bony structures forms the floor of the anatomic snuff box, EXCEPT: | Scaphoid | Lunate | Trapezium | Base of first metacarpal bone | 1b | multi | The floor of anatomic snuff box is formed by the following bones in the proximal to distal order, styloid process of radius, scaphoid, trapezium and base of first metacarpal. Anatomical snuff box is a hollow space which appears on the lateral side of the posterolateral side of the wrist in the fully extended position o... | Anatomy | null |
3f828286-bd24-45fe-ab72-28b66df41ac0 | The operative procedure is known as "microfracture" is done for the - | Delayed union of femur | Non union of tibia | Loose bodies of ankle joint | Osteochondral defect of femur | 3d | single | Microfracture surgery
Microfracture surgery is one of the articular cartilage repair surgical techniques that works by creating tiny fractures in the underlying bone.
This cause new cartilage to develop a so-called super-clot.
The surgery is performed by arthroscopy and in the area of the osteochondral defect, tiny fr... | Orthopaedics | null |
71d626e9-347f-4ec9-a8ba-8b19e46828b2 | Regarding standardization, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT: | Standardisation allows comparison to be made between two different two different populations | For direct standardization, age specific rates of the study population are applied to that of the standard population | For indirect standardization, age specific rates of the study population are applied to that of the study population | National population is always taken as the standard population is always taken as the standard population | 3d | multi | A 'Standard population' is defined as a population in which the numbers of people present in each age group and sex group are known. The choice of deciding on standard population is arbitrary. National population can be used as the standard population, but definitely cannot be taken as a standard population always. Moa... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
26947ed9-9e38-4f7e-832e-f9215ef777bf | The function of proximal grooves in a class II cavity is: | Resistance form | Retention form | Increases strength | Resistance and retention form | 3d | single | Secondary retention and resistance form
Retention grooves and locks are placed in the proximal box | Dental | null |
d626847e-4ca4-4e64-b94f-5ac3951d81f9 | Maximum triglycerides are found in: | LDL | VLDL | HDL | Chylomicrons | 3d | single | Chylomicrons are the lipoprotein particles lowest in density and largest in size and that contain the highest percentage of lipid (as Triacyl glycerols) and the lowest percentage of protein.
Chylomicron
Maximum diameter
Least density
Most buoyant lipoprotein
Least protein content
Maximum triacylglycerol
Least electrop... | Biochemistry | null |
f4ce5dee-4b9c-4153-a846-21ec02c86e68 | Most common cause of respiratory distress after birth in first 24 hours is – | Neonatal sepsis | Meconium aspiration | Bacterial pneumonia | Air embolism | 1b | single | Most common cause of respiratory distress in a term or post-term neonate —3 Meconium aspiration.
Most common cause of respiratory distress in a preterm infant —> hyaline membrane disease. | Pediatrics | null |
46b3af93-b838-4696-b024-98cf1999793a | True about sickle anemia is? | Leucopenia | Decreased ESR | Microcardia | Ringedsideroblast | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Decreased ESR Investigation1) Peripheral smear shows sickle cells, target cells and Howell - Jolly bodies.2) ESR is decreased (only important anemia in which ESR is decreased, in most of other anemias ESR is increased).3) There is positive sickling test with a reducing substance like sodium metabisulf... | Pathology | Hemolytic anemia |
d3385020-f208-44cd-b1e5-728809b134b2 | Major form of CO2 transport in the body is | Dissolved CO2 form | As carbamino compounds | As bicarbonates | None of the above | 2c | multi | There are 3 forms of CO2 transport
Dissolved CO2
10 %
0.4 ml %
As Bicarbonates (HCO3-)
75 %
3 ml %
Carbamino compounds
15 %
0.6 ml %
4 ml % | Physiology | null |
cac6b107-fe78-4a0d-8305-45d9b2bb0b28 | The principle of Pearson's formula is to measure the length of long bone and multiply it with a given factor; for radius such factor is: Himachal 10 | 3.6 to 3.8 | 4.2 to 4.5 | 6.3 to 6.9 | 5.0 to 5.3 | 2c | single | Ans. 6.3 to 6.9 | Forensic Medicine | null |
58905a52-4109-48f2-8789-034061c57f1c | A patient presented with sudden onset of floater & perception of falling of a cuain {veil} in front of the eye which one of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis- | Retinal detachment | Eale's disease | Vitreous hemorrhage | Glaucoma | 0a | multi | These are prodromal symptoms of retinal detachment . Prodromal symptoms include: Dark spots (floaters) in front of the eye (due to rapid vitreous degeneration), and Photopsia, i.e., sensation of flashes of light (due to irritation of retina by vitreous movements). Ref AK khurana 6/e 299 | Ophthalmology | Vitreous and retina |
6b5ea946-7f17-4c68-98c3-57f65d489752 | For the following statements, select the most likely type of thyroid cancer.Has the best prognosis of all thyroid malignancies. | anaplastic thyroid cancer | follicular cancer of the thyroid | lymphoma of the thyroid | papillary cancer of the thyroid | 3d | multi | Papillary cancer has the best prognosis of all thyroid cancers. Although it is 7 times more common than follicular cancer, fewer people die from it. Even with follicular cancer, most patients will die of other diseases. In common with other thyroid cancers, age seems to be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. | Medicine | Oncology |
a8fecdc4-777e-4aa4-98b1-b1f727cc5cc6 | For anesthesiology mild Systemic disease Included in ASA grade - | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1b | single | ASA Physical status classification : class 1 : Normal healthy patient , No physiological, biochemical,organic or psychiatric disturbances. Class 2 : Mild to moderate systemic disease that is well controlled and causes no organ dysfunction or functional limitation. Eg.: treated HTN Class 3 : Severe systemic disease of a... | Anaesthesia | Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia |
d1257730-f6a3-4b60-b84c-84edfae41a25 | To investigate fluid requirement in burn patient, the best approach is: | Urine output | CVP | Blood volume measurement | Estimate body surface area (burn) | 3d | single | estimate surface area Intravenous resuscitation is only done in patient with burn more than 1. 10% total body surface area (in children) 2. 15% total body surface area (in adult) | Surgery | null |
7ec8537e-71e7-42c2-a237-58d6d2b92346 | A temporary, provisional view held by the people on a point of view is: | Opinion | Practice | Attitude | Belief | 0a | single | Ans is 'a' i.e. Opinion Ref: Park 20/e p589, 19/e p541 See explanation of the previous questionSome students are of the opinion that the question was- "A probability that one holds that a relationship may be true is? Options are the same. " Frankly we don 7 know the answer. If anyone has any clue, please mail us. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Social Science, Mental Health & Genetics |
19fe88ed-3245-452e-9530-4490b8fe0382 | Time sector scanning of neonates is preferred because of the following reason. Most practical reason – | Open fontanelles | Inexpensive | Children more co-operative | Better resolution | 0a | single | Because of small transducer head size, the open anterior fontanelle can function as acoustic window. | Radiology | null |
78c57e83-d210-4ded-96ca-ba1deba007a4 | Propaganda is defined as – | Forcing of knowledge into mind | Active aquiring of knowledge | Requiring knowledge after thinking | Training of people to use judgment before acting | 0a | single | Health education : Facilitate learning
Propaganda or publicity : Knowledge instilled in the mind of people. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
5c9f8eb0-3c5a-4a60-b716-4616d0d3dfc4 | A patient came with complaints of itching in groin since 2 months. All of the following can cause this condition except | Aspergillus | Trichophyton | Microsporum | Epidermophyton | 0a | multi | Trichophyton, Microsporum & Epidermophyton can cause cutaneous fungal infections (Dermatophytosis) whereas Aspergillus is responsible for systemic fungal infections. | Dental | null |
85d93505-5b85-4514-ac9d-183a88365c70 | All of the following are biochemical markers included for triple test except | Alfa-fetoprotein | Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | Human placental lactogen (HPL | Unconjugated oestriol | 2c | multi | Triple test It is a combined biochemical test which includes MSAFP,hCG,UE3(unconjugated oestriol).Maternal age in relation to confirmed gestational age is also taken into account.It is used for the detection of Down&;s syndrome.In an affected pregnancy,level of MSAFP and UE3 tend to be low while that of hCG is high.It ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Diagnosis in obstetrics |
140e8245-1b0b-4ce7-9b81-235cc1ef0fea | Which of the following drug is used in CPR? | Atropine | Amiodarone | Procainamide | Phenylephrine | 1b | single | Ans. is'b'i.e., AmiodaroneImPoant drug used in CPR are epinephrine, amiodarone, lidocaine, MgSOr, sodium bicarbonate and calcium gluconateThe routine use ofAtropine for PEA (pulseless Electrical Activity & asystole has no therapeutic benefit.Hence, Atropine has been removed from the cardiac arrest algorithm | Anaesthesia | null |
6ea0543a-9051-467d-90c8-160e0295a59f | Which of the following are normal findings in a term neonate, EXCEPT? | Mongolian spots | Erythema toxicum | Subconjunctival hemorrhages | Erythema nodosum | 3d | multi | Normal finding in a Term Neonate are: Mongolian spots Erythema toxicum Stork bites Milia Peeling of skin Subconjunctival hemorrhages Breast engorgement Epstein Pearl Pre-deciduous teeth Vaginal bleeding on 3rd to 7th day Vaginal mucoid discharge Physiological phimosis Hymenal tags Cephalhematoma Caput succedaneum Ref: ... | Pediatrics | null |
a80aaae5-f91f-4a08-970b-e3a333f146a1 | Physiological uncoupler is ? | Thyroxine | Free fatty acids | Thermogenin | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above | Biochemistry | null |
cd893b76-eb65-465b-8c2d-bdb9e661a226 | 3 ATP&;s are formed in the following steps of Kreb&;s cycle | Isocitrate dehydrogenase | Succinate dehydrogenase | Succinate thiokinase | Malate dehydrogenase | 0a | multi | 3rd Step: Formation of Alpha-Ketoglutarate i. This reaction is a two-step process, both catalyzed by the same enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase (Step 3, Fig.18.2). In the first pa of the reaction, isocitrate is dehydrogenated to form oxalosuccinate. It is an unstable compound which undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation ... | Biochemistry | Respiratory chain |
d534181b-f0d6-4cbf-8b61-34d902c8afce | Tibialis posterior is inseed in all of the following bones distally, EXCEPT: | Navicular bone | Intermediate cuneiform | Metatarsal 2 | Talus | 3d | multi | Tibialis posterior muscle attaches proximally to the interosseous membrane and the tibia and fibula; distally, it attaches to the navicular bone, all cuneiform bones, and metatarsals 2 to 4. The tibialis posterior muscle inves and plantarflexes the foot, providing suppo to the medial arch of the foot during walking. Th... | Anatomy | null |
caecff39-a804-4335-92b9-51e07f0739a7 | All of the following Drugs are used in treatment of chronic gout, except:- | Allopurinol | Benzbromarone | Pegloticase | Methotrexate | 3d | multi | Answer is D (Methotrexate): To Lower Uric Acid Levels (Hypouricemic Therapy) To decrease production of uric acid (Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors) Allopurinol(Purine analogue) Febuxostat (Non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase) To increase the excretion of uric acid (Uricosurics) Probenecid Sulfinpyrazone Benzb... | Surgery | null |
6d464f67-1c9e-40f6-a110-a39f4be62135 | Most common autoimmune disease in young men? | Reiter's disease | Ankylosing spondylosis | Inclusion body myositis | CIDP | 0a | single | Reiter syndrome is a type of reactive ahritis that happens as a reaction to a bacterial infection in the body. The infection usually happens in the intestines, genitals, or urinary tract. Reiter syndrome includes redness, joint swelling and pain, often in knees, ankles, and feet, along with inflammation of the eyes and... | Pathology | General pathology |
a7950679-82a7-44e8-968d-4538a9deff9b | Inclusion body in oligodendroglia is a feature of which of the following | Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy | Japanese encephalitis | Polio | CJD | 0a | single | Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and often fatal viral disease characterized by progressive damage (-pathy) or inflammation of the white matter (leuko-) of the brain (-encephalo-) at multiple locations (multifocal). It is caused by the JC virus, which is normally present and kept under control... | Pathology | General pathology |
14cc49ac-e43e-4696-b054-d1adee0a5a27 | Which of the following is a cause of reversible dementia? | Subacute combined degeneration. | Picks disease | Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease. | Alzheimer's disease | 0a | single | Answer is A (Subacute combined degeneration) `Subacute combined degeneration' is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin deficiencies including vitamin B,2 deficiency constitute potentially reversible causes of dementia. | Medicine | null |
ab01afe5-53fa-43eb-8419-c92653ed2b1f | A 2s-year-old women underwent induced ovulation.on uSG, ovary showed 8 follicles. Serum estradol level was 800 pg/ml.what is the next step in the management of this patient? | Retrieve follicles | Give cabergoline | cancel cycle | withhold HCG | 0a | multi | Ans: A. Retrieve folliclesRef: Berek and Novak's GynaecologtDay of analysis of above measurements and size of fbllictes are not specified in the question. So, presuming these parameters to be treasured on the mid cycle, next step according to the options would be to retrieve follicles. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
dbacb874-f10e-4c86-812e-b6c999c8000d | Bacteria showing antigenic variation - | Yersinia | Bordetella | Brucella | Borrelia | 3d | single | Bacteria showing antigenic variation are :-
Neisseria (Meningococci, Gonococci)
Streptococcus spp
Mycoplasma
Borrelia burgdorferi | Microbiology | null |
8cb1c38b-6240-4df6-822d-0700fceb7f68 | According to strasberg classification, lateral CBD injuries are classified as | Type B | Type C | Type D | Type E | 2c | single | Strasberg classification of Laparoscopic Biliary injuries Type A- Bile leaks from minor ducts still in continuity with the CBD IIncludes leakage from cystic duct stump and from a subvesical duct of Luschka. MC cause of biliary leaks seen after cholecystectomy. Type B- Occlusion of a pa of the biliary tree, almost alway... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
d73557d4-5a1a-4f36-af3a-185d8971e239 | Which is an example of disability limitation | Resting the affected limb in neutral position | Arranging for schooling of a child suffering from PPRP | Reducing occurrence by polio immunisation | Providing calipers for walking | 0a | single | Disability: Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for human being. Disability Limitation: It is mode of intervention when patient repos late in the pathogenesis phase. The objective of this intervention is to prevent or halt the transition at' the ... | Surgery | null |
bc5a423e-768e-4742-b95e-06af29906257 | Normal lower oesophageal sphincter pressure is | 5-8 mm of Hg | 10-25 mm of Hg | 25 - 40 mm of Hg | > 40 mm of Hg | 1b | single | The normal lower oesophageal sphincter is 3-4 cm in length and has a pressure of 10-25 mmHgThe LOS is a zone of relatively high pressure that prevents gastric contents from refluxing into the lower oesophagusRef: Bailey and Love 27e pg: 1068 | Surgery | G.I.T |
1c2e7149-8a8a-4cf5-aba5-36fe64225d9e | The general test for detection of carbohydrates | Iodine test | Molisch test | Barfoed test | Osazone test | 1b | single | Dehydration When treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, monosaccharides undergo dehydration with an elimination of 3 water molecules. Thus hexoses give hydroxymethyl furfural while pentoses give furfural on dehydration. These furfural s can condense with phenolic compounds (a-naphthol) to form coloured products. This... | Biochemistry | All India exam |
7108fbf9-bcc7-4224-95f1-a74e916eab55 | What is the probable diagnosis? | Ankylosing spondylitis | Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) | OA spine | Osteopetrosis | 0a | single | Ans. A. Ankylosing spondylitis* Involvement of the lumbar spine and the classical Bamboo spine appearance points towards the diagnosis of Ankylosing spondylitis.* A close differential diagnosis remains to be DISH. See the table below to differentiate the two conditions. Ankylosing spondylitisDiffuse idiopathic skeletal... | Orthopaedics | Arthritis |
7e93d2e0-00f4-4e37-85a5-6d8c013e66b4 | Inguinal lymphnode enlargement is seen in ? | Seminoma testis | Malignant melanoma foot | Ca cervix | None | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Malignant melanoma foot | Surgery | null |
8963c115-f805-48eb-a730-bb312662ad7f | Which of the following structures is more permeable? | Enamel | Cementum | Coronal dentin | Radicular dentin | 2c | single | The vital dental pulp has a slight positive pressure that results in continual dentinal fluid flow toward the external surface of the tooth. Enamel and cementum, though semipermeable, provide an effective layer serving to protect the underlying dentin and limit tubular fluid flow.
Dentin permeability is not uniform thr... | Dental | null |
9b73f483-09cd-4c83-833b-97f57fc682c8 | Which occurs first in wound healing? | Thin continuous epithelial cover appears | Fibroblasts lay down collagen fiber | Granulation tissue fills the wound | Neutrophils line the wound edge | 3d | single | STEPS IN WOUND HEALING Within 24 hours, neutrophils are seen at the incision margin ,migrating toward the fibrin clot (neutrophilic infiltration + blood clot) Within 24 to 48 hours, epithelial cells from both edges have begun to migrate and proliferate along the dermis and form continuous thin epithelial layer. day 3, ... | Pathology | General pathology |
bf295bbe-3223-4366-a8f1-d9c3db1a1986 | Atropine is useful in organophosphate poisoning because it - | Reactivates acetylcholinesterase | Competes with acetylcholine release | Binds with both nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors | Is a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Is a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine o Atropine acts as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors. It has no activity on nicotinic receptors and has nothing to do with Ach release. | Pharmacology | null |
e5def156-6de0-43b9-a21e-83bc9bc34664 | All the following are true about Retinitis spunctata albescens except NOT RELATED-OPTHALMOLOGY | Autosomal dominant | Retinal pigmenta on in epithelium | Paicularly involves posterior pole of retina | White dots on fundus examination | 2c | multi | . | Pharmacology | All India exam |
d3fd8410-6f53-4955-b245-31f68a191f7d | A female with recurrent aboion and isolated prolonged APTT is most likely associated with: | Lupus anticoagulant | DIC | Von willebrand disease | Hemophilia | 0a | single | Miscarriages are more common in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Many of these women have antiphospholipid antibodies, which are a family of autoantibodies that bind to negatively charged phospholipids, phospholipids-binding proteins, or a combination of the two. A prolongation in the aPTT is observed that does... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
57797ea6-b76d-407a-8a22-9792bc746607 | First case to come to notice of physician is: | Primary case | Secondary case | Index case | Referral case | 2c | single | Index case | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
a25688dc-2664-4a1b-87ab-9b0150c43970 | Difference between Dispensary and PHC is that a PHC- | Gives integrated services | Is confined to paicular area | Is managed by medical officer | Is located in rural areas | 0a | single | Primary health care is a basic unit,to provide as close to the people as possible,an intergrated curative and preventive health care to the rural population with emphasis on preventive and promotive aspects of health care (refer pgno:904 park 23 rd edition) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health care of community & international health |
57480445-e248-492a-b934-ef950de51875 | Period of mixed dentition is | 3-5 years | 6-11 years | 12-15 years | 15-18 years | 1b | single | Period of mixed dentition: stas from the eruption of first molar. It is usually 6-11 years and may extend to 12-13 years. Thus, Number of teeth by 2-6 years: 20 temporary Number of teeth at 7 years is 24 teeth: 4 permanent and 20 temporary teeth At the age of 10 years, 16 permanent teeth and 8 temporary teeth. At 11 ye... | Forensic Medicine | Identification |
ae94acea-7902-465d-9c38-1de2a240e77f | At 8 weeks postpaum, uterus should weigh about | 100 grams | 500 grams | 700 grams | 900 grams | 0a | single | During pregnancy, uterus weighs about 1000g At the end of 6weeks ,it's measurement is almost similar to the prepregnant state which is about 60g . Decrease in size of uterus is seen with serial MRI Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 137. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
0d44b537-b851-41cb-b5bd-fc35c403598b | Most common uropathic obstruction in children is | Stricture | Stones | Posterior urethral valve | Anterior urethral valve | 2c | single | C. i.e. (Posterior urethral valve) (1362 -B & L 25th) (1289 - S. Das 5th)POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES are the most common obstructive urethral lesion in newborn and infants males and most common cause of end stage renal disease in boys (1008 - CSDT 12th)* They are usually just distal to the verumontanum*** Most reliable m... | Surgery | Urinary Tract |
96dfcb04-7acc-46b7-bd35-1e783fd10d96 | Level V cervical nodes includes: September 2007 | Upper jugular nodes | Middle jugular nodes | Lower jugular nodes | Posterior triangle nodes | 3d | single | Ans. D: Posterior triangle nodes Location of cervical nodes may be divided as follows: Level I: Submental and submandibular nodes - Level Ia: Submental triangle - Level Ib: Submandibular triangle Level II: Upper jugular/cervical nodes Level III : Middle jugular/cervical nodes Level IV: Lower jugular/cervical nodes | Surgery | null |
8675e8ab-587f-4240-ae4d-b9bf3356ece3 | The most common organism causing acute tonsillitis is: | Staph aureus | Anaerobes | Hemolytic streptococci | Pneumococcus | 2c | single | Group A beta hemolytic streptococci is the M/C bacteria causing acute tonsillitis. other causes are: staph aureus pnuemococci H. Influenza Ref Dhingra 5/e,p 341,6/e,p 288. | Anatomy | Pharynx |
04cccff0-fccc-49e2-bd96-9f698ca0425e | Streptomyces of granules in mycetoma caused by Actinomadura pelletieri | Red | Yellow | Black | Brown | 0a | single | Brown to black- Madurella mycetomatis, madurella grisea, exophiala jeanselmei.
White to yellow- Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia brasiliensis, Actinomadura madurae, Streptomyces somaliensis, Scedosporium apiospermum. | Microbiology | null |
847ec916-2970-4ff1-abf9-0592b3f78662 | Commonest type of Retinal detachment? | Rhegmatogenous | Choroidal hemorrhage | Exudative | Tractional | 0a | single | Ans. a (Rhegmatogenous). (Ref Ophthalmology by Basak 4th/ 316; Kanski's 6th/349; Parson's 20th/311).The term rhegmatogenous is derived from the Greek word rhegma, which means a discontinuity or a break. A rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) occurs when a tear in the retina leads to fluid accumulation with a separat... | Ophthalmology | Retina |
5812a5ac-cd1c-4340-b8ae-a39248306d20 | Which of the following best describes adenovirus? | Nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA virus with fibers at its veices | Nonenveloped, double-stranded, circular DNA virus | Enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus | Enveloped, double-stranded, linear DNA virus with glycoprotein spikes | 0a | multi | . | Pathology | All India exam |
b40d30a9-96b1-44c9-a3d4-6e787ba42c01 | What disappears first in post moem rigidity? | Eyelids | Neck | Lower limbs | Upper limbs | 0a | single | A i.e. Eyelids | Forensic Medicine | null |
bc5216a1-6804-4be2-babb-33587de398b3 | Class 3 antiarrhythmic drugs is | Amiodarone | Phenytoin | Propafenone | Pindolol | 0a | multi | Refer kDT 6/e p 511 Class III agents have the potential to prolong the QT interval of the EKG, and may be proarrhythmic (more associated with development of polymorphic VT). Class III agents include: bretylium, amiodarone, ibutilide, sotalol, dofetilide, vernakalant and dronedarone | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
52c04c20-abf0-4bb1-942f-6268fb4ec1ad | Best Material for below inguinal arterial graft is | Saphenous vein graft (upside-down) | PTFE, | Dacron | Teflon | 0a | single | Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is defined by the presence of ischemic rest pain in the distal foot, ischemic nonhealing ulcerations, or gangrene.
CLI is the progressive evolution and clinical manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
It is seen in patients with severe arterial occlusive disease in whom resting ... | Surgery | null |
3075a0f7-75bc-40a4-a465-db0d06d22f22 | In which of the following phases of clinical trials healthy normal human volunteers paicipate - | Phase I | Phase II | Phase III | Phase IV | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Phase I o Phase I involves normal human volunteers. | Pharmacology | null |
7d5096cf-0213-45ed-a1bd-4eccaeca399c | Most common site for small intestinal carcinoma is? | Duodenum | Jejunum | Ileum | All are affected equally | 0a | multi | Ans is 'a' i.e. duodenum "Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent carcinoma found in the small intestine. The upper small intestine is the most common site for carcinoma with duodenum, jejunum, and ileum involved in 40%, 38% % 20% respectively". - Cancer Metastasis, Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Interventi... | Unknown | null |
731a12fc-187d-4994-a4b6-2838870a5066 | True about gout is - | Most common joint involved is first meta transophaiangeal of big toe | Chondro-calcinosis | Pyrophosphate crystals | Positive birefringent | 0a | multi | (A) (most common joint involved in first metatarsaphalangeal of big toe) (1097 - Davidson 21st) (77-80 Apley 9th).GOUTTrue crystal deposition disease, presence of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals, especially the firstMTP joint and small joints of feet and hands.* Bursitis - commonly of the olecranon bursaCry... | Medicine | Immunology and Rheumatology |
f14982ca-b4b4-412a-905f-40d093c03c75 | Which of the following is not a feature of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia | Stas with bilateral ptosis | May be associated with hea block. | Finally ocular motility palsy | Significant diplopia | 3d | multi | Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia No diplopia since it is bilaterally symmetrical No neurological involvement. Progressive generalized muscular disorder. Stas with bilateral ptosis, is symmetrical. Finally ocular motility palsy followed by paralysis occurs. | Ophthalmology | Squint |
3eff30e4-925b-4f38-81b8-7ab427a22e20 | All of the following are dimorphic fungi, except: | Sporotricum | Blastomycetes | Histoplasma | Cryptococcus | 3d | multi | Ans. d. Cryptococcus | Microbiology | null |
5f9b1731-0ff2-4829-8422-02239380bbde | Increased BMR is associated with - | Increased body fat store | Increased glvcognenesis | Increased glycolysis | Increased lipogenesis | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Increased glycolysis o Increased BMR is associated with hyper metabolic state which is characterized by :-Carbohydrate metabolismi) | Glycolysis| Gluconeogenesis| Glvcogenesis| GlyeogenolysisLipid metablism| Lipogenesis| Lipolysis| Cholesterol Synthesis| Triacylglycerol Synthesis| Lipoprotein degradat... | Physiology | Endocrinology metabolism |
1cc32933-ec12-41c5-a79b-39fa584fb25e | Most common type of Onychomycosis | Proximal Subungual | Distal lateral subungual | Superficial white | Total distal | 1b | single | Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of nails MC site for onychomycosis: hyponychium Types 1. Distal lat.subungual onychomycosis- MC 2. Proximal subungual onychomycosis (rare)-In HIV+ patient 3. Superficial white onychomycosis4. Total dystrophic onychomycosis- it is the end result of either of the types. It is complete ... | Dental | Fungal infections |
39edae12-cbd9-4eaf-bca2-6ed99fad87fe | Cyclosporin-A acts on: | CD4 cells and lymphocytes | CD8 cells and lymphocytes | CD16 cells and lymphocytes | B-lymphocytes | 0a | single | Cyclosporine binds to intracellular cyclophilin, and this complex interacts with calcineurin. Calcineurin is crucial for normal lymphokine gene activation, and its inhibition by cyclosporine consequently interferes with the production of interleukins-2, -3, and -4 (IL-2, IL-3, and IL-4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TN... | Pharmacology | null |
aa248a4e-b413-4c9a-9597-ed026c982967 | Bitemporal hemianopic field defect is charactersitic of: | Glaucoma | Optic neuritis | Pituitary tumour | Retinal detachment | 2c | single | C i.e. Pituitary tumour | Ophthalmology | null |
0c88435b-3b57-41fe-98b4-4066a3ee5c6c | The marked area develops from(in green colour) | Septum Primum | Septum secundum | Ostium primum | Ostium secundum | 0a | single | The marked area is floor of fossa ovalis that developes from septum primum | Anatomy | JIPMER 2018 |
11bcbf81-3e9c-41f0-a01a-5faf0c8639a6 | Pop-corn calcification is seen with? | Pulmonary Hamartoma | Aspergillosis | Broncho-Alveolar cancer | Pulmonary Embolism | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Pulmonary HamartomaRef: Harrison 19th ed. / 515-16* Popcorn calcification is virtually diagnostic on chest radiographs for pulmonary hamartoma.* It characteristically appears as well-defined, solitary pulmonary nodules; they may show varying patterns of calcification, including an irregular popcorn, stippled, ... | Medicine | Respiratory |
7172f429-e213-484f-9343-077099825206 | "Safe strategy" has been developed for the control of: | Conjunctivitis | Trachoma | Refractive error | Ocular trauma | 1b | single | Ans. Trachoma | Ophthalmology | null |
1a6022a4-04e9-4df3-9841-b4d74b9aeae3 | Which one of the following cooking oils contains highest percentage of linoleic acid ?- | Safflower oil | Sunflower oil | Corn oil | Groundnut oil | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Safflower oil | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
459ec513-6063-4de7-bc2a-3c021e5241dd | Cell wall deficient organisms are: | Chlamydia | Mycoplasma | Staphylococcus | Clostridium | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Mycoplasma(Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 386 and 8th/e, p. 16)Mycoplasma is bacteria that are cell wall deficient and hence don't possess a stable morphology.Mycoplasma represents Stable L - forms.* L - forms named after Lister INSTITUTE, London.* Streptobacillus moniliformis, Mycoplamsa.* Resistant ... | Microbiology | General |
94920ea6-6a7d-4348-93ac-7d54e3c38ae3 | A 70-year-old man has abdominal pain with mass in the abdomen. Angiography reveals aneurysm of the aorta.Most likely cause is - | Trauma | Atherosclerosis | Syphilis | Congenital | 1b | single | Clinical presentation of the abdominal aortic aneurysm
Effects old person (>50 years), male > female.
Most commonly asymptomatic and usually detected on routine examination as palpable, pulsatile non-tender mass.
As size increases pain may occur. Complications
Rupture into the peritoneal cavity and retroperitoneal ti... | Pathology | null |
5b6fbe86-8652-4c61-a84e-5c7c8ee6d751 | Which one of the following inhalational anesthetics is most likely to cause fluoride ion nephrotoxicity ? | Methoxyflurane | Enflurane | Halothane | Isoflurane | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Methoxyflurane o Intrarenal metabolism of methoxyflurane and subsequent intrarenal production of fluoride ion is the significant cause of methoxyflurane renal toxicity. | Pharmacology | null |
56204bd2-d55e-453a-99b3-b395c09c4bec | The conversion of a fatty acid to an active fatty acid is catalysed by which of the following enzymes? | Acyl-CoA synthetase | Enoyl CoA hydratase | Thiolase | Acyl CoA dehydrogenase | 0a | single | Fatty acids must first be converted to an active intermediate before they can be catabolized. This is the only step in the complete degradation of a fatty acid that requires energy from ATP. In the presence of ATP and coenzyme A, the enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase (thiokinase) catalyzes the conversion of a fatty acid... | Biochemistry | null |
aebac434-fee8-4c15-a158-956d02511d1f | Plasma concentrations (g/mL) after administration of 5. 1 mg/kg of Gentamicin intravenously to a hypothetical patient has shown in the Graph. The red color depicted in the graph is dose given at | 24 hours | 12 hours | 8 hours | Threshold | 0a | single | Ans: A | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) |
51df7d38-5e4b-4d5e-8efd-bc302c1a05d1 | Which of following is a microfilament ? | Tubulin | Actin | Desmin | Vimentin | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Actin | Physiology | null |
fd9bfe40-d48e-4c3b-8458-849dda6b07aa | Which of the following autistic spectrum disorder carries good prognosis? | Childhood autism | Rett's disease | Heller's syndrome | Asperger's syndrome | 3d | single | Asperger's syndrome is characterized by impaired social interaction and stereotyped behavior but no intellectual disability and no language disturbances,hence carries good progrosis. | Psychiatry | null |
9408f9ea-ad07-4fcd-b221-f8c794ce44ac | H is useful in all of the following except: | Vaginal atrophy | Flushing | Osteoporosis | Coronary hea disease | 3d | multi | Advantages of Estrogen in H: 1.prevents osteoporosis 2.decreases hot flushes 3.vaginal application of estrogen decreases vaginal atrophy Disadvantages of H: 1.Coronary Hea Disease 2.stroke 3.thromboembolic events 4.breast cancer 5.cholecystitis | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Menopause and HRT |
e4e6e18c-365f-4259-a616-c97166e5b44f | Drug of choice in mixed mania is | Lithium | Lamotrigine | Sodium Valproate | Carbamezepine | 0a | single | (A) Lithium # Lithium has traditionally been the drug of choice for the tratment of manic episode (acute phase) as well as for prevention of bipolar mood disorder.> Lamotigine is particularly effective for bipolar depression.> Sodium Valproate is useful for acute treatment of mania & prevention of bipolar mood disorder... | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
4735fada-5215-4544-8484-ed6021ed93b1 | in the condition shown above what is the seratonin norepinephrine receptor inhibitor is used predominately ? | velanafixine | duloxitine | citalopram | escitalopram | 1b | multi | image showed above is rash in fibromyalgia major drug of choice in fibromyalgia is : snri = DULOXITINE MANAGEMENT Evidence-based guidelines by the American Pain Society (APS) for the optimal treatment of FMS. MEDICATIONS: Strong Evidence for Efficacy (Tricyclic Antidepressant Medications) Amitriptyline Cyclobenzaprine ... | Pharmacology | All India exam |
8746836e-f6a7-423e-a688-dfe944ff9b15 | Micro-vesicular fatty liver in Reye's syndrome is? | Due to defect in beta oxidation of fatty acids | Due to defect in oxidative phosphorylation | Due to defect in fatty acid synthesis | Defective synthesis of acyl COA synthesis | 0a | single | The most common secondary mitochondrial hepatopathy is Reye syndrome Recurrent Reye-like syndrome is encountered in children with genetic defects of fatty acid oxidation, such as 1. Deficiencies of the plasmalemmal carnitine transpoer 2. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and II 3. Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase 4. ... | Medicine | Misc. |
7ff2a692-713b-4060-8198-ba3301e5b9e7 | A 30 year biker sustained an compound fracture of the leg following RTA. The doctor has labeled it Gustilo Anderson type IIIB. Which of the following would represent the injury: | Fracture with open wound less than 1 cm | Fracture with open wound of 1-10 cm but soft tissue cover possible | Open wound more than 10 cm and soft tissue coverage not possible. | Open wound more than 10 cm with arterial injury | 2c | single | Ans. C. Open wound more than 10 cm and soft tissue coverage not possible.Gustilo Anderson ClassificationType IWound <=1cm, minimal contamination or muscle damageType IIWound 1-10cm, moderate soft tissue injuryType IIIAwound usually >10cm, high energy, extensive soft-tissue damage, contaminatedadequate tissue for flap c... | Orthopaedics | Management In Orthopedics |
e1ced4e2-b71f-4b42-8768-e2d4359f4860 | All of the following are true about Herpes gestationis except: | Vesiculobullous disorder occuring in pregnancy | Typically periumbilical in location | Resolves after delivery | Caused by Human Herpes Virus-8 | 3d | multi | Herpes gestationis is misnomer, it is not caused by Herpes virus. | Dental | null |
aacc2573-655d-400c-b664-61d16d1d4c8f | The major hemoglobin present in an adult is: | HbA2 | HbA1 | HbA1c | HbA1b | 1b | single | - Major Hb present in adult is HbA1 - contain 2a and 2b chains. - Other Hb present in normal adult -3% HbA2 ;1% HbF | Pathology | RBC Development and Classification of Anemias |
028e39af-2c38-4daa-819a-0f73e53f3d71 | In genetic deficiency of MPO the increased susceptibility to infection is due to - | Defective production of Prostaglandins | Defective rolling of neutrophils | Inability to produce hydroxyl-halide radicals | Inability to produce hydrogen peroxide | 2c | single | Myeloperoxidase is an enzyme in Macrophages for production of hypochlorous radical from H2O2, which kills bacteria. Basic Pathology, Robbins. Page no.: 38 | Pathology | General pathology |
f3c73cb2-a7ef-439f-8bb3-9349ca75f4f4 | The most common type of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome seen in children is: | Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | Minimal change disease | Membranous nephropathy | Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis | 1b | single | Ans. B. Minimal change diseaseNephrotic syndrome is a common renal disorder in children characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and periorbital puffiness. The majority of children with nephrotic syndrome have minimal change disease (minimal glomerular changes seen histologically). Focal segmental glomerul... | Pediatrics | Urinary Tract |
0229d14a-817f-484f-8cbe-0ae657a4517b | Isolation period, false is - | Chicken pox - 6 days after onset of rash | Herpes zoster - 6 days after onset of rash | Measles - up to 3 days after onset of rash | German measles - 7 days after onset of rash | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., German measles - 7 days after onset of rash | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
3a9e4126-16b0-4b3b-b3f0-8e8e09860774 | Renal papillary necrosis is caused by? | NSAID | Cocaine | Heroin | Morphine | 0a | single | Ans. (a) NSAIDRef Harrisonys Internal Medicine 18/e, Table 285-3, Radiology Illustrated, Uroladiology: Uroradiology by SeungHyup Ki 2/e, p 471 | Pharmacology | Adverse Drug Effect |
1b01f641-b8a8-4bb9-8d63-e727da93ee50 | Reabsorption and secretion of various substances in various quantity is taking place throughout the renal tubules. Minimal reabsorption in kidney occurs for which of the following? | Urea | Glucose | Na | HC03 | 0a | single | Approximately 66% of filtered sodium ions (Na+), 85% of the NaHCO3, 65% of the K+, 60% of the water, and viually all of the filtered glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. About half of filtered urea is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. An amount equal to that reabsorbed is then secreted back i... | Physiology | null |
b68316fe-8543-4377-b53a-b71ab9a77de2 | Most common cause of liver abscess: | E. coli | Proteus | Klebsiella | Staphylococcus | 0a | single | Ans. (a) E. coli* MC cause of Pyogenic Liver abscess in children- Staphylococcal* MC cause of Pyogenic liver Abscess in Western countries - E. Coli* MC cause of Pyogenic liver abscess in Asia - Klebsiella* MC route in West - Biliary due to Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma* MC route in Asia- Biliary due to Ascending Cholangitis... | Surgery | Liver |
2c4dbe65-cc2a-444e-ab53-5a533ca1cfac | Which of the following anaemias is a risk factor for the development of gastric carcinoma ? | Pernicious anaemia | Megaloblastic anaemia | Aplastic anaemia | Haemolytic anaemia | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pernicious anaemia | Surgery | null |
a84a3b96-ccf4-4ce5-9829-11be1c4cc81d | The Iodine is transported to the thyroid gland by: | Active transport | Passive transport | Diffusion | Pinycytosis | 0a | single | (Active transport): Ref: 319-G, 314-SL (652- Ganong 23rd)* Iodine is transported actively from the blood in to the follicular cells against the electrochemical gradient (ACTIVE-TRANSPORT). This process by which the iodine is transported is called iodine trapping. A sodium- iodine symport pump called iodine pump transpo... | Physiology | Endocrinology and Reproduction |
9c12b20e-41cd-4536-be64-1a1ce07f67b2 | Mc Ewan triangle is formed by all except: | Posterosuperior bony canal wall | Temporal line | Floor of bony canal wall | Tangential line drawn to the EAC | 2c | multi | McEwans triangle is bounded by temporal line, postero-superior canal wall and a tangential line to the external auditory canal. This triangle segment overlies mastoid antrum. This is an important anatomical landmark in mastoid surgery. | Unknown | null |
958808b0-2d13-41b3-bfff-0b2dcbd2facc | A blood specimen for neonatal thyroid screening is obtained on – | Cord blood | 24 hours after birth | 48 hours after birth | 72 hours after birth | 0a | single | Neonatal thyroid screening: Guidelines by Indian Academy of Pediatrics
Screening should ideally be done for all newborns: because there are generally not signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism at birth.
Use cord blood, or wait for 5-7 days for sampling: results are difficult to interpret in between.
Test for T4 and TSH ... | Pediatrics | null |
eac2536d-11db-4345-afde-be4c470fa03e | What is the most likely complication in this large, segmental infantile hemangioma of the forearm? | Malignant change | Ulceration | Infection | Aesthetic complications after involution | 1b | single | Ulceration : MC complication of superficial infantile haemangiomas occurs during the proliferative phase. commonest type to ulcerate is the plaque type. Ulceration is commonest at sites which are vulnerable to trauma or maceration. Malignant change: complication of hepatic haemangiomas, it almost ceainly never complica... | Dental | Naevi and vessel related disorders |
3a1d4dbd-33cf-49d2-ba58-88a3cfd44a02 | In which part of the body a lesser impact causes a maximum bruise | Back | Sole | Face | Palm | 2c | single | Bruising is more marked on tissue overlying bone which acts as an anvil, with the skin between the bone and inflicting force.
Chronic alcoholic bruise easily. Abdomen, back, scalp, palms & soles, a blow of moderate violence produces comparatively small bruise due to firm fibrous tissue & covered by thick dermis. | Forensic Medicine | null |
43197df9-1cea-4012-a995-471c913abf74 | In blunt trauma abdomen what should be the approach for doing laparotomy | Depends on organ injured | Always midline incision | Always transverse | Depends upon type of injury | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Always midline incision Repeat from All India 07All emergency abdominal explorations in adults are performed using a long midline incision because of its versatility. For children under the age of 6, a transverse incision may be advantageous. | Surgery | Abdominal Injury |
2069c28b-3fdf-458c-90a0-ddf471cc7fb4 | A 65-year old woman complains of leakage of urine. The most common cause of this condition in such patient is | Anatomic stress urinary incontinence | Urethral diverticula | Overflow incontinence | Unstable bladder | 3d | single | Ans. D. Unstable bladderAs patients age, the incidence of vesicle instability or unstable bladder increases dramatically. Although estrogen has been reported to decrease urgency, frequency, and nocturia in menopausal women, its effect on correction of stress urinary incontinence or vesicle instability is unclear. In th... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Obs) |
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