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135
7def642c-1270-4c58-9d29-4b8d5f148dfb
All of the following is a mechanism of action of IUCD except:
Impeding sperm transpo and inhibiting their capacity
Foreign body reaction in the endometrium
Inhibition of ovulation
Production of anti-sperm antibodies
3d
multi
Mechanism of Actions of IUCD are : 1) IUDs act mostly by preventing sperms from feilizing ova. The mechanisms of action of copper-releasing IUD are by impeding sperm transpo and inhibiting their capacity to feilize ova. 2. All unmedicated and copper devices produce an inflammatory or foreign body reaction, which in tur...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Contraceptives
ea3793fe-10da-4e69-af73-2c6b90023af4
Bulb of posterior horn of lateral ventricle is formed by
Collateral sulcus
calcarine sulcus
Forceps major
Stria terminalis
2c
single
Bulb of posterior horn is present on medial wall of posterior horn of lateral ventricle and is formed by fibers of forceps major.
Anatomy
null
111252be-f36a-4235-a6c6-64d2417be6de
Highest amount iron is seen in -
Milk
Meat
Spinach
Jaggery
1b
single
Food rich in haem iron are liver, meat, poultry and fish. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 622
Social & Preventive Medicine
Nutrition and health
8f94d306-7ed4-43f7-814b-ef1d41cfbdf3
A two months old child presents with epiphora and regurgitation. The most probable diagnosis is -
Mucopurulent conjunctivitis
Buphthalmos
Congenital dacryocystitis
Encysted mucocele
2c
single
Presents as mild grade chronic inflammation. Epiphora develops after 7 days of bih and regurgition test is positive. Causes of epiphora are any that cause either overproduction of tears or decreased drainage of tears, resulting in tearing onto the cheek. This can be due to ocular irritation and inflammation (including ...
Ophthalmology
Diseases of orbit, Lids and lacrimal apparatus
767810d0-016f-47de-b248-26b399c438bf
Ribnotching of 4-9th ribs with double bulging is seen in -
Aoic aneurysm
Aoic dessection
Co - arctation of aoa
Diaphragmatic hernia
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Coarctation of Aoa Radiological findings of COA 1. Abnormal Aoic arch : Commonestfinding Site of narrowing may be seen as an identation. Classic '3 sign' or double bulge sign' on left border of aoic shadow is formed by (above downwards) Prestenotic dilatation Coarctation itself (indentation) Poststeno...
Pediatrics
null
e762ef56-83e4-4879-ae0c-908e1d2dd921
Absolute contraindication of IUCD is?
Acute PID
PCOD
Breast cancer
Previous history of aboion
0a
single
Contraindications for IUCDS Puerperal sepsis Pregnancy Cancer of the cervix PID / STD Cancer of the uterus Significantly distoed uterine cavity Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
FMGE 2019
86798aef-0077-456c-9dff-aab8372048d2
Many signaling pathways involve the generation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). These molecules
Are first messengers
Activate phospholipase C
Are derived from PIP2
Can't activate calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinases directly or indirectly
2c
single
IP3 DAG are secondary messengers derived from PIP2 they are present in the cell membrane where IP2 crosses the cell membrane and DAG doesnot. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed.
Pharmacology
All India exam
d66d70f6-d4c8-4a47-b677-7fbc00d8dc55
Now-a-days Down syndrome Is referred to as.
Submental disorder
Oligophrenia
Madness
Mentally unstable
0a
multi
* Majority of children with Down syndrome function in mild to moderate range of mental retardation. * Down syndrome / Trisomy 21 - * Genetic disorder caused by presence of all or pa of a third copy ofchromosome 21. * Typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features and mild to moderate i...
Psychiatry
All India exam
57b4554b-4eea-4c7d-a106-3481a08588fd
What is the nerve supply of cornea -
Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
Facial Nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
Ophthalmic division of Cranial nerve V
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ophthalmic division of Cranial nerve V Innervation of cornea:o The cornea is one of the most sensitive tissues of the body, as it is densely innervated with sensory nerve fibres via the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve by way of70-80 long ciliary nerves and short ciliary nerves. Research su...
Ophthalmology
Cornea
a7081bd2-63fa-490b-8c5b-244319c333db
Which of the following statements is true about the bundle of kent
It is slower than the AV nodal pathway
It is muscular or nodal pathway between the atria and ventricle in WPW syndrome
Abnormal pathway between two atria
direct conduction to av node
1b
multi
* In the normal hea, atrioventricular conduction occurs across the specialized axis comprising the atrioventricular node (with its zones of transitional cells), the bundle of His, and the ventricular conduction pathways. This axis, for conduction to be normal, must be the solitary muscular connection between the atria ...
Medicine
C.V.S
1c551e8e-bff8-4946-aeab-efb517f3a44c
Receptor mediated endocytosis is by
Clathrin
Porine
Cytocin
Vimentin
0a
single
Ans is A i.e. Clathrin EndocytosisThe process by which cells take up large molecules is called endocytosis.Endocytotic vesicles are generated when segments of the plasma membrane invaginate, enclosing a minute volume of extracellular fluid and its contents. The vesicle then pinches off as the fusion of plasma membranes...
Biochemistry
Membrane Structure & Function
321d92df-5b41-4df5-8501-73a4708bf704
Frozen pelvis is seen in -
Osteoarthritis
Potts disease
Actinomycosis
Reiters disease
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Potts disease o A term for significant involvement of the pelvic floor by malignancy, usually carcinoma, or ttuberculosis; in which there is massive extension of pathology to the urinary bladder, female genital tract, and sigmoid colon. Adequate resection of a frozen pelvis is virtually impossible; ch...
Orthopaedics
Infective Arthritis
0db7ef4e-815d-48df-9940-34e8af72296b
Intracorpuscular hemolytic anemia is seen in ?
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
TTP
Thalassemia
Infection
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Thalassemia
Pathology
null
9174ff36-33dc-4336-91b5-153b2c8c5e07
A 25 yr old man came to emergency depament after A. On CXR, multiple ribs fractures were visible. On physical examination, blood pressure was 80/60 mmHg and hea rate 150/min. Patient was restless, and tachypneic with jugular veins distended. On auscultation, air entry equal on both sides, hea sounds very soft or inaudi...
Needle inseion in 5th ICS
Echo guided Pericardiocentesis
Intercostal tube drainage on both sides
IV fluids for Hypotension
1b
multi
The above clinical presentation is suggestive of Cardiac Tamponade. The presence of Beck's triad (Hypotension ,Soft or absent hea sounds and Jugular venous distention) ours the diagnosis of Cardiac Tamponade TOC for Cardiac Tamponade: - ECHO guided Pericardiocentesis Tension pneumothorax is ruled out as there isequal a...
Medicine
Disease of pericardium
ba2b4850-b0db-4e8b-8a62-c0f9d364720e
Fine touch and position sense is carried by
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Anterior spinothalamic tract
Spinocerebellar tract
Dorsal column
3d
single
Ans. (d) Dorsal column(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.168)Dorsal column pathway is the principal pathways for touch, vibration and proprioception. They primarily contain Aa and Ab afferentsThey ascend ipsilaterally (same side) in dorsal column of spinal cord to medullaIn medulla, they synapses with two important nuclei namely ...
Physiology
Nervous System
ca5cc8ef-c3fd-4f43-9f06-7b583b5af7d7
Multipara with LSCS, Presents With Cyclical Hematuria, Diagnosis can be
VUF
UVF
Bladder Endometriosis
Carcinoma Cervix
0a
single
VESICO-UTERINE FISTULA Usually caused during caesarean section or uterine rupture Symptoms: Cyclical hematuria Gold standard for diagnosis: Cystoscopy Treatment is abdominal repair Ref: SHAW&;S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY; 15th edition; Pg no:188
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Urogynecology
ab870e83-8d00-4926-a059-736b0dfa1d9e
In random sampling the chances of being picked up are:
same and unknown.
same and known.
different and unknown.
different and known .
1b
single
Sampling Methods: Simple random sampling — applicable when the population ¡s small, homogenous. In random sampling chances of being picked up is SAME and KNOWN. Done by lottery method or, a table of random numbers. Multistage sampling — large country survey. Multistage sampling — sample procedure is carried out in se...
Dental
null
c1456618-117c-45b2-aafc-a5196fc6d9f9
A continuous quantitative data can be depicted with the help of: September 2009
Bar diagram
Pie cha
Histogram
Pictogram
2c
single
Ans. C: Histogram Numerical data/quantitative data is data measured or identified on a numerical scale. Numerical data can be analyzed using statistical methods, and results can be displayed using tables, chas, histograms and graphs. For example, a researcher will ask a questions to a paicipant that include words how o...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
ce669d87-4c30-4fc1-944a-57034bdcb56f
Iodised oil ( usual dose of 1 ml i/m) gives protection for
3-4 years
3-4 months
3-4 weeks
10-12 years
0a
single
Intramuscular Iodised Oil (poppy-seed oil): Average dose 1 ml injection provided protection for 4 years Oral Iodised Oil: 2 ml dose is effective for 2 years
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
28dc851b-82e3-4137-9499-71763192520d
Drug of choice for treating malignant hypehermia
Dantrolene
Nikethamide
Baclofene
Propofol
0a
single
Dantrolene sodiumis thedrug of choicefor malignant hypehermia but it is to be reconstituted withsterile distilled water, not saline as it can precipitate in saline or other salt solutions. It is given at a dose of2.5 mg/ kgintravenously and can be repeated every 5-10 minutes (upto 10mg/kg) till the attack subsides. All...
Anaesthesia
Inhalational Anesthetic Agents
f18d02ec-5d4c-4851-88b9-e59c0f61568e
Transfusion associated graft vs host disease can be prevented by?
Irradiation
Washing
Chemical treatment
All of the above
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Irradiation * Blood components that contain viable lymphocytes may be irradiated to prevent the proliferation of T-lymphocytes, which is the immediate cause of Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD).Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GvHD)* A rare complication of ...
Pathology
Immunity
8d646240-1e34-4719-872b-5c6e2c707af6
Protamine antagonism for heparin is?
Competitive
Chemical
Toxic
Noncompetitive
1b
single
Chemical REF: Foye's principles of medicinal chemistry By William 0. Foye, Thomas L. Lemke, David A. Williams page 846, Pharmacology: Prep Manual for Undergraduates by Shanbhag page 277 "Protamine sulfate is a specific heparin antagonist I mg of which neutralizes approximately 100 mg of heparin by chemical antagonism" ...
Pharmacology
null
7c9d05bd-ecbd-4515-b11d-9959bdc82d28
Mamography for breast cancer is an example of which of the following?
Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Teiary
2c
single
Screening tests are examples of secondary prevention activities, as these are done on those without clinical presentation of disease that has a significant latency period such as hyperlipidemia, hypeension, breast and prostate cancer. With early case finding, the natural history of disease or how the course of an illne...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
c3ad0bac-96da-448c-ae63-f9f43e42f2af
Scorpion venom resembles venom of: NEET 14
Cobra
Viper
Krait
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. All of the above
Forensic Medicine
null
1493263e-5912-44b4-9257-dafd19e16d60
Independent risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia are all except
Obesity
Diabetes
Hypertension
Tamoxifen
2c
multi
Hypertension is not independent risk factor for endometrial hyperplasia causing AUB.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
66a60525-39dd-4940-9fe9-1d2f8f26b03c
Listeria resists phagocytosis in phagosomes (phagolysosomes) due to:
b-hemolysin
Caspases
Cell membrane adhesion molecules
Opacity associated protein (OAP)
0a
single
Ans. is. 'a' i. e., b-hemolysin
Microbiology
null
e7eab909-b01a-4ea3-a340-7b80c2a56b62
Cigar body is seen in
Cryptococcosis
Histoplasmosis
Sporotrichosis
Aspergillosis
2c
single
Sporothrix schenckii occurs in yeast phase in the tissues and in the culture at 37C and in mycelial phase in the culture at 23C. The yeast phase appears as the cigar- shaped cells and mould form contains hyphae carrying flower-like clusters of small conidia borne on delicate sterigmata. Sporothrix schenckii causes spor...
Microbiology
mycology
37b88d94-fbc1-47cf-84f8-397cd94617b8
The assembly of secondary structural units into larger functional units such as the mature polypeptide and its component domains is
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
2c
single
The modular nature of protein synthesis and folding are embodied in the concept of orders of protein structure:  Primary structure—the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain Secondary structure—the folding of short (3-30 residue), contiguous segments of polypeptide into geometrically ordered units. Tertiary st...
Biochemistry
null
41b09f6b-1f0f-48d2-bc58-214ab9610dee
Which of the following is not primarily used to anesthetize mucosa ?
Benzocaine
Lidocaine
Bupivacain
Tetracaine
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bupivacaine
Anaesthesia
null
99440e93-6740-4f67-bf0b-464cc808aa9b
Muscles that can cause external rotation of the hip include all of the following except:
Saorius
Obturator internus
Obturator externus
Gluteus minimus
3d
multi
Ans:D.)Gluteus Minimus. Many of the muscles of the gluteal region are external rotators of the hip. These muscles include the gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, quadratus femoris, superior gemellus, and inferior gemellus. The saorius is a flexor and external rotator of the hip. The glu...
Surgery
null
499d3609-0de5-4365-8263-4a72d72735d5
Enterotest is used for diagnosis of
E. histolytica
N. fowleri
T. Cruzi
Giardia lambia
3d
single
Stringtest / enterotest is done in Giardia lambia in which bile stained mucus is collected for examination of Trophozoites.
Microbiology
null
f673861f-998a-4808-963e-68f8f5b43324
The appropriate size of LMA for an average adult patient weighing 50 kg is:
2.5
3
4
5
2c
single
Ans. c. 4.0
Anaesthesia
null
37d81442-90ba-449d-a0d1-557f80888188
IgA protease in not needed in infection of:
Gonococci
Meningococci
S.pneumonia
H.influenza
2c
single
Ans: c and d Ref:Ananthanarayan, 7th ed, p. 335,218; Harrison, 16th ed, p. 806, 864Both S. pneumonia and H. influenza do not have IgA protease.Now it is upto you to decide.Bacteria showing antigenic variationBorrelia recurrentisTrypanosoma bruziNeisseriaGroup A streptococci
Microbiology
Bacteria
e8b0b0b8-81c2-4516-a88d-e42c47304762
Which precipitates at 50 to 60-degree C but disappears on heating?
Heavy chain.
Light chain.
Both.
None of the above.
1b
multi
Bence Jones protein is found typically in multiple myeloma. It can be identified in urine by its characteristic property of coagulation when heated to 50-degree C but redissolving at 70 degree C. Bence Jones proteins are the light chains of immunoglobulins and so may occur as the kappa or lambda forms. But in any one p...
Pathology
null
db6b62eb-1d10-439a-bd38-ba2011bbd4b4
Which of the following is abdominal angiitis
Giant cell arteritis
Takayasu arteritis
Kawasaki disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
1b
single
Takayasu arteritis is the choosen answer as it is associated with involvement of superior mesenteric artery. So, it may be associated with abdominal angiitis.
Pathology
null
78ae3e3f-1a3a-41c8-b4c1-089e91eb1e28
Isthmus of thyroid gland lies at which level?
C2
C4
C5
C7
3d
single
Isthmus of thyroid gland lies at C7 level
Anatomy
null
3cc30bb9-77c8-4dac-8352-1fce9f7cc6cb
Casal's necklace is a feature of?
Addison disease
Pellagra
Dermatomyositis
SLE
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pellagra* The Casal collar or Casal necklace is a clinical sign in which there is an erythematous pigmented skin rash partly or completely encircling the lower part of the neck (dermatomes C3 and C4). It is seen in patients with pellagra.
Skin
Miscellaneous
1f57b242-223e-441d-aab5-5b8d570db16d
Cranial nerve not carrying parasympathetic fibers
Fourth
Seventh
Third
Ninth
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Fourth Four cranial nerves CN III, CN VII, CNIX & CN X carry presynaptic parasympathetic (visceral motor) axons as they emerge from brain stem.Parasympathetic fibres carrying cranial nervesAssociated GanglionOcculomotor (III)Ciliary ganglionFacial (VII)Pterygopalatine & Submandibular ganglionGlossophar...
Anatomy
Cranial Cavity
cdc76cf6-d537-4f4a-b80d-c6220b55f0ee
Permittable alcohol level in blood as per motor vehicle act 1988 is below?
30%
40%
50%
60%
0a
single
Ans. (a) 30%Ref: Forensic medicine by P.V. Guharaj, 2/e, p 397
Forensic Medicine
Forensic Toxicology - Concepts, Statutes, Evidence, and Techniques
9aa47558-a5a5-4470-855c-4376a090d176
Unsatisfactory colposcopy means :
Failure to visualize cervix
Failure to visualize transformation zone
Failure to visualize squamous epithelium
Failure to visualize columnar epithelium
1b
single
Ans. is b i.e. Failure to visualize transformation zone Colposcopy is the primary technique for the evaluation of an abnormal cervical cytology smear. Whole of the transformation zone needs to be visualised, as this area is believed to be the site of neoplastic change. Colposcopy is deemed unsatisfactory if the whole o...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
3cd5d890-cce1-4170-ad26-7a8da3cd84c7
A 5-year old child presented with fever, fatigue, abdominal pain and vomiting. On fuher history evaluation, he had a habit of eating di. Investigations shows visceral larva migrans. Communication with the following agent must have caused this infection in this child:
Pig
Dogs
Monkeys
Cows
1b
single
The agent for Toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans) is the cosmopolitan intestinal ascarid of dogs and cats, Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati. The eggs passed by infected animals contaminate parks and other areas that young children frequent. Children with pica are at increased risk. Ingested eggs hatch and penetrate th...
Microbiology
null
8d6735c8-678e-41ee-8b9a-426646c63325
True statement about Barrett's esophagus?
Endoscopic surveillance with biopsy every 2 years
Helicobacter pylori triple therapy
Proton pump inhibitor
Histamine antagonist
0a
multi
Barrett's esophagusMetaplasia of oesophageal squamous epithelium into columnar in the distal esophagus.Due to severe reflux oesophagitis.It requires both endoscopically visible segment of the columnar lining of the distal esophagus and intestinal metaplasia showing goblet cells on biopsy.More commonly men, whites and w...
Anatomy
All India exam
f29c99c2-69a7-4db3-865c-59881dcaa56f
CLO test is used for
H. pylori
Brucella
Gonorrhoea
EBOLA
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., H. pylori CLO test is another name for campvlobacter-like organism test :-o Rapid urease test, also known as the CLO test (Campylobacter-like organism test), is a rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori.o The basis of the test is the ability ofH. pylori to secrete the urease enzyme,...
Unknown
null
6ac61a50-6395-494d-b06a-6c43b4d74b04
Lead absorbed by inhalation in the body is mainly eliminated through:
Stool
Urine
Sweat
None of the above
1b
multi
On the other hand, the lead absorbed by the body and incorporated into the blood stream is eliminated by urine (75%), gastrointestinal secretions through the liver (16%) and hairs, nails and sweat (8%). Suckling women may also eliminate lead through their milk in a concentration very similar to the plasma. Ref :
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
24c80f9d-d92e-4a04-8e6d-57c077960cfa
A person has been referred to you by the cou. You find a discrepancy between the history and examination findings. Which of these conditions you should be aware of in this situation?
Malingering
Factitious disorder
Somatization syndrome
Dissociative fugue
0a
single
Referral by cou of law Discrepancy in complaints and objective findings Lack of cooperation by patients during evaluation and treatment. All these features are suggestive of Malingering It is not a psychiatric disorder Person willfully produces symptom for conscious , External incentives like financial ,avoiding tough ...
Psychiatry
Neurotic, Stress Related and Somatoform Disorders
f17f6814-028d-4e74-a322-e3cccaa3decd
Which of the following is not a variant of PSA
PSA density
PSA nodularity
PSA velocity
Ratio of free to bound PSA
1b
single
In the past, most doctors considered PSA levels of 4.0 ng/mL and lower as normal. Therefore, if a man had a PSA level above 4.0 ng/mL, doctors would often recommend a prostate biopsy to determine whetherprostate cancer was present.
Pathology
Urinary tract
6cba448d-d8ef-488a-a999-77c237abbb5f
Axon hillock is a pa of
Cell body
Axon
Dendrites
All
0a
multi
Though the name is axon hillock ,it is a pa of cell body It marks the beginning of axon Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:676
Anatomy
General anatomy
e0339cbc-49b6-4a8a-986c-585174fb213b
The most common primary cause of intraocular tumor in children -
Retinoblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Neuroblastoma
Melanoma
0a
single
Malignant tumor arising from the neurosensory cells of retina due to deletion of RB gene located on the long arm of chromosome 13(13q14). Ref: ak khurana 6th edition
Ophthalmology
Tumors
7ae07fb4-33a9-4d69-a52a-12accaf737d8
In Primary dentition tooth eruption, the earliest tooth to erupt is
Central incisor
Lateral incisor
Canine
First molar
0a
single
(A) Central incisor # PRIMARY TEETH typically erupt in the following order: (1) central incisor, (2) lateral incisor, (3) first molar, (4) canine, and (5) second molar. As a general rule, four teeth erupt for every six months of life, mandibular teeth erupt before maxillary teeth, and teeth erupt sooner in females than...
Forensic Medicine
Misc.
1fd4c8c8-4e5f-41fa-b492-94e73cc617ff
The pressure difference that can cause atmosphere and middle ear barotrauma is:
60 mmHg
60 - 70 mmHg
70-80 mmHg
> 90 mmHg
3d
single
(> 90 mmHg): Ref: 349-LT (79-Maqbool 11th)BARQTRAUMATIC OTITIS MEDIA: or otitic barotraumas, when the air pressure within the middle ear is markedly less than that of surrounding atmosphere. It occurs due to rapid descent, whether in an aircraft or while diving. The passage of air down the eustaction tube on ascending ...
ENT
Ear
04da575c-3116-4c63-b45a-f2e5de45c837
The rectus sheath contains all of the following except
Pyramidalis muscle
Genitofemoral nerve
Inferior epigastric vessels
Superior epigastric vessels
1b
multi
The rectus sheath is formed by the aponeuroses of the transverse abdominal and the external and internal oblique muscles. It contains the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles. It can be divided into anterior and posterior laminae. <img src=" /> Ref - BDC 6e Vol2 pg209
Anatomy
Abdomen and pelvis
408f7be9-f2ad-4286-a099-ff5ff503df86
Vector for scrub typhus -
Reduvid bug
Trombiculidmite
Enteric pathogens
Cyclops
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Trombiculid mite VectorDiseases and organisms1) MiteScrub typhus (R. tsutsugamushi), Rickettsial pox (R. akari)2) LouseEpidemic typhus (R. prowaekii), Trench fever (R. quintana)3) FleaEndemic or murine typhus (R. typhi)4) TickIndian tick typhus (R. conorii), RMSF (R. Rickettsii)
Microbiology
Bacteria
1b736c48-baef-45ee-9695-f2db0ff79267
Gilletes's space indicates which of the following?
Preveebral space
Paraveebral space
Retropharyngeal space
Perotinsillar space
2c
single
The buccopharyngeal fascia, which closely invests the Constrictor muscles of the pharynx, is continued forward from the Constrictor pharyngis superior on to the Buccinator. It is attached to the preveebral layer by loose connective tissue only, and thus an easily distended space, the retropharyngeal space, is found bet...
Anatomy
Head and neck
01515eab-f6c6-43d8-9fbe-67da67c82a24
Which of the following is NOT an indicator for Malaria surveillance in a population?
Annual parasite index
Annual parasite incidence
Annual falciparum incidence
Slide falciparum rate
0a
single
Pre-Eradication Era indicators: Spleen Rate : Average Enlarged Spleen Parasite Rate Parasite Density Index Infant Parasite Index Propoional Case Rate Eradication Era indicators: Annual Parasite Incidence (API)-Best indiator of Malaria control. Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER)-Best indicator of operational efficienc...
Social & Preventive Medicine
VBDs, Arboviral & Viral Infections, Surface Infections
212b1dc7-147d-451d-8af3-0b7acfd8507f
Recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies all muscles except:
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Post cricoarytenoid
Cricothyroid
Transverse arytenoids
2c
multi
Ans: c (Cricothyroid)Ref: Chaurasia, 3rd ed. vol. 3 pg. 208 Also refer Q. 246 K2009All intrinsic muscles of larynx are supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid which is supplied by external laryngeal nerve.
ENT
Larynx
3f418499-a1c6-415a-9989-915db7863194
Secretory vesicles are transported -
Along concentration gradient
Against concentration gradient
May be along or against concentration gradient
Have no relation with concentration gradient
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Have no relation with concentration gradientExoevtosiso Exoevtosis is a reverse of endocytosis. This process is involved when secretory granules are extruded from the cell. When secretory vesicle comes in contact with inside of cell membrane, the membrane of the vesicle fuses with cell membrane and th...
Physiology
Pituitary
61ca35df-2125-436a-827c-e40f9fca015e
A 17-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with a high fever. Following intravenous administration of antibiotics, a routine CT scan revealed a "thoracic outlet" syndrome. Which symptom would most likely result from this syndrome?
Problems with respiration because of pressure on the phrenic nerve
Reduced blood flow to the thoracic wall
Reduced venous return from the head and neck
Numbness in the upper limb
3d
multi
Thoracic outlet syndrome is characterized by the presence of a cervical rib, accessory muscles, or connective tissue bands that constrict the limited dimensions of the thoracic outlet. The cervical rib is usually located on the C7 vertebra and can impinge on the brachial plexus, resulting in loss of some feeling to the...
Anatomy
Head & Neck
008eb50a-c602-4908-9ff9-c9180d0e311b
Pauci immune glomerulonephritis is seen in aEUR'
After transplant in alpos
Microscopic polyangiitis
Henoch-Schonlein nephritis
Lupus
1b
single
Microscopic polyangitis fRef Bobbin's Th/e p. 976] Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis may be caused by number of different diseases, some restricted to the kidneys and others systemic. Although no single mechanism can explain all cases, there is little doubt that in most cases, the glomerular injury is immunologica...
Pathology
null
f7ccc9f7-59da-4f7d-910c-01f5d2bfce70
The commonest valvular manifestation of acute as well as previous rheumatic carditis is
Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Aoic stenosis
Aoic regurgitation
1b
single
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the commonest manifestation of acute as well as previous rheumatic carditis. Reference: Essential Paediatrics; O.P. Ghai; Page no: 438
Pediatrics
C.V.S
f9ea4f02-5c45-40a9-b0be-bdeb91d6cd13
All of the following clinical findings are seen in Horner’s syndrome, except:
Miosis
Anhidrosis
Heterochromia of iris
Apparent exophthalmos
3d
multi
Ref: Harrison’s 18/e p 225   The triad of miosis with ipsilateral ptosis and anhidrosis constitutes Horner's syndrome, although anhidrosis is an inconstant feature. Brainstem stroke, carotid dissection, and neoplasm impinging on the sympathetic chain occasionally are identified as the cause of Horner's syndrome, but mo...
Unknown
null
4a68fb92-2596-4149-9fa4-95c8be85b52b
Which of the following is primary prevention
Screening test
Early diagnosis
Use of mosquito net
Restoration of lost function
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Use of mosquito net
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
10a90648-228e-4754-8186-d0e864587682
Urobilinogen is formed in the: September 2006
Liver
Kidney
Intestine
Spleen
2c
single
Ans. C: IntestineUrobilinogen is a colourless product of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestines by bacterial action. Some urobilinogen is reabsorbed, taken up into the circulation and excreted by the kidney. This constitutes the normal "enterohepatic urobilinogen cycle".Urobilinogen content is determined b...
Physiology
null
0b823852-163d-47c5-bf50-be9cb5836112
True statement about burn resuscitation ?
Colloid preferred in initial 24 hrs
Colloid preferred if burnt area is > 15 % of total BSA
Half of the calculated fluid given in initial 8 hrs.
Urine output should be maintained at 50-60 mL/hr.
2c
multi
Ans is 'c' i.e. Half of the calculated fluid given in initial 8 hrs Proper fluid management is critical to survival in a burn patient. The hypovolemic shock in burn patient is special in the sense that the total body water remains unchanged in a burn patient. The thermal injury leads to a massive fluid shift from intra...
Surgery
null
f077b7de-c5eb-45fd-b89a-9390e00b2bac
In an Autosomal Recessive (AR) disorder, one parent is normal and the other is carrier and the child is also affected. What is the reason
Germ line mosaicism
Genomic imprinting
Penetration
Uniparental disomy
3d
single
Uniparental disomy refers to the situation in which 2 copies of a chromosome come from the same parent, instead of 1 copy coming from the mother, and 1 copy coming from the father. Angelman syndrome (AS) and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are examples of disorders that can be caused by uniparental disomy. Reference: GHAI ...
Pediatrics
Genetic and genetic disorders
be815284-858e-4f8a-87a0-9fcafacfac47
Which of the following antigen is found within the nuclei of infected hepatocytes and NOT usually in the peripheral circulation in Hepatitis B infection?
HBeAg
HBcAg
Anti-HBc
HBsAg
1b
multi
HBcAg is assembled as the nucleocapsid core paicles. It is not secreted and does not circulate in blood, but can be demonstrated in hepatocytes by immunofluorescence. - HBcAg is not demonstrable in circulation because it is enclosed within the HBsAg coat. But its antibody anti-HBc appears in serum a week or two after t...
Microbiology
Immunology
cf2f638f-b167-4262-b5ae-bd195991eb30
First to be substituted in a patient presenting with acute hemorrhagic shock-
Crystalloid
Colloid
Whole blood
PRBC
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Crystalloid o The priorities in patients with hemorrhagic shock are - Secure the airway Control the source of blood loss. IV volume resuscitation. o Fluid resuscitation is a major adjunct to physically controlling hemorrhage. Crystalloids are the mainstay of fluid choice.
Surgery
Shock
f7662a77-5cde-4d1a-b20a-7ab41ddbc252
Boorheave syndrome involves perforation of esophagus after
Burns
Acid ingestion
Stress
Vomiting
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Vomiting [Ref: CSDT 13th/ep.444 & 11th/e p. 490; Schwartz 9th/ep.874 & 8th/e, p. 906; Bailey & Love 25th/e p.1014 & 24th/ep.996}* Boerhaave's syndrome is spontaneous perforation of the esophagus, occuring usually due tosevere barotrauma when a person vomits against a closed glottis. The pressure in th...
Surgery
Oesophagus
ae20588a-d710-46a1-b308-c2fa82d47a5e
Diagnostic method in TB is all except -
Biopsy
Chest X-ray
Montaux, test
FNAC
0a
multi
Active tuberculosis Diagnosing active tuberculosis based only on signs and symptoms is difficult,as is diagnosing the disease in those who have a weakened immune system.A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks. A chest ...
Medicine
Infection
bd0dc08e-e8a6-4f85-a380-b5e21e1f6f83
Virulence determinant implicated in pathogenesis of scarlet fever is
Hyaluronidase
M protein
Pyrogenic exotoxin
Streptokinase
2c
single
Streptococcal Pyrogenic exotoxin ( erythrogenic, Dick, scarlatinal toxin): the toxin was named erythrogenic because it's intradermal injection into susceptible individuals produced an erythematous reaction. This test was used to identify children susceptible to scarlet fever, a type of acute pharyngitis with extensive ...
Microbiology
Bacteriology
15147676-3167-4a57-b940-b4487e9c3a4e
Ketone bodies are all except-
Acetoacetate
Acetone
b-hydroxy butyrate
Acetyl-CoA
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Acetyl-CoA o Ketone bodies are acetoacetate, (3-hydroxybotyrate and acetone.o Ketone bodies are synthesized exclusively in liver mitochondriaQ from acety l CoAQ or acetoacetyl CoA; the process is called ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs w hen there is a high rate of fatty acid oxidation in liver w hich ...
Biochemistry
Oxidation of Fatty acids: Ketogenesis
b07907c8-d068-4169-a7d7-c81f77c63ac9
A 7-year-old child is taken to the emergency depament because he is feeling sho of breath. The episode began about an hour previously while the child was playing spos, when he abruptly developed paroxysms of wheezing and coughing. As the physician enters the room, he notes that the child is sitting leaning forward and ...
Albuterol inhalation
Beclomethasone inhalation
Ephedrine oral
Salmeterol inhalation
0a
single
Albuterol is indicated for use in the treatment of acute signs and symptoms of asthma since its onset is in less than 5 minutes. Beclomethasone is a glucocoicoid agent, and not a sympathomimetic. It would not have the rapid onset of action required in this case. You should immediately recognize that any medication admi...
Pharmacology
null
b605effb-cda7-44cd-bc4d-f213d795a770
Propey of elution is found in?
Myxoviras
Togavirus
Parvovirus
Adenovirus
0a
single
Elution is found only in viruses that possess neuraminidase REF:ANANTHA NARAYANAN MICRO BIOLOGY NINTH EDITION PAGE.430
Microbiology
Virology
f8944633-bdfc-4411-84a8-f5617218cf0f
All of the following are autosomal dominant disorders except -
Tuberous sclerosis
Polyposis coli
Cystic fibrosis
Myotonic dystrophy
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cystic fibrosis
Pathology
null
6d70cd9f-9d21-45ab-b4c0-831618af2f86
In cerebral angiography, the dye is injected through –
Femoral artery
Brachial artery
Axillary artery
Radial artery
0a
single
On MRI, diagnostic confusion occasionally arises between arachnoid cysts and epidermoid cysts. The two masses may have similar characteristics on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, and neither shows enhancement with gadolinium. However, arachnoid cysts follow CSF signals on all sequences, in particular on FLAIR sequen...
Radiology
null
efc08a6e-c6cd-4f7d-9e86-1ad83fff1932
Cyclin Dl/Ig H gene is associated with -
Mantle cell lymphoma
Hairly cell leukemia
Follicular lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
0a
single
Answer- A. Mantle cell lymphomaMantle cell lymphoma, a translocation has juxtaposed the llql3 band bearing cycline Dl gene with the IgH locus on chromosome 14 (11-14 translocation).
Pathology
null
d8470f36-c875-40b8-9b75-ce9a904d7104
Glial fibrillary proteins are present in:
Astrocytoma
Meduloblastoma
Ependymoma
All
3d
multi
CNS is composed of Neurons and Glial cells. Glial cells in CNS include Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes Ependymal cells Meningothelial cells Microglia Hence, Glial fibrillary proteins are present in tumors of all these cells.
Pathology
Miscellaneous
f0b5d626-4ada-4687-aae9-3d1e4f046194
Which one of the following is a potent stimulus for the production of erythropoietin?
Alpha interferon
Interleukin-3
Hypoxia
Hypercarbia
2c
single
Hypoxia oring the production of hemoglobin F both direct effects on globin gene expression, as well as up-regulated production of erythropoietin. Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology Twenty-Third Edition Page No:526
Physiology
Cardiovascular system
c0f00efe-8937-473e-8a72-3fc7e1494cea
In which year did ESI came into effect?
1948
1958
1960
1975
0a
single
The ESI Act was passed in 1948. It was amended in 1975, 1984 and 1989. It is an impoant measure of social security and occupational health in India. Ref: Park 21st edition page: 756.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
9df967dc-4b5e-4385-8672-f920dd210f94
All of the following drugs cause hirsutism except
Phenytoin
Minoxidil
Corticosteroids
Heparin
3d
multi
Ans. (D) Heparin(Ref: Harrison 17th/e p01)Drugs causing hirsutism:AndrogensOral contraceptives containing androgenic progestinsMinoxidilPhenytoinDiazoxideCyclosporine (Not tacrolimus)Heparin produces transient and reversible alopecia.
Pharmacology
Miscellaneous
76117d48-9c58-4038-b119-8a4b2851e68c
Kerley B lines' in the chestX-ray of a patient is a radiological feature of-
Respiratory failure
Mitral regurgitation
Renal failure
Liver failure
1b
single
Chest X-ray findings of MR: The LA and LV are the dominant chambers in chronic MR. Late in the course of the disease, the LA may be massively enlarged and forms the right border of the cardiac silhouette. Pulmonary venous congestion, interstitial edema, and Kerley B lines are sometimes noted. ref : Harrison&;s principl...
Medicine
C.V.S
934d53a1-7e67-43ae-b857-ee1ff65c610d
The ovulatory period corresponds to :
14 days before menstruation
The day of menstruation
Increase in basal temperature
14 days atter menstruation
0a
single
14 days before menstruation
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
f17e7046-6b39-4b90-8f47-b4c76ae9e758
Domestic squalor is related to which of the following disorder?
Somatoform disorder
Body dysmorphic disorder
Hoarding disorder
Olfactory reference syndrome
2c
single
Domestic squalor Associated with Hoarding Disorder. When a person's living place is so unclean and unhygienic, that people of similar culture would consider extensive clearing to be done.
Psychiatry
Neurotic, Stress Related and Somatoform Disorders
9ce4fb4c-4801-4397-ae27-72134ad86709
Increased formation of ketone bodies during fasting is a result of which of the following?
Increased oxidation of fatty acids as a source of fuel
Decreased formation of acetyl CoA in the liver
Decreased levels of glucagon
Increased glycogenesis in muscle
0a
single
During a fast, catabolism is increased to provide additional sources of energy. This is characterized by increased utilization of fatty acids. When the production of acetyl CoA (produced by enhanced β-oxidation) exceeds the oxidative capacity of the citric acid cycle, ketone bodies are formed. During fasting conditions...
Biochemistry
null
82f05fe3-c643-4c8b-b6ce-ad8288377ba1
Pleural fluid having low glucose is seen in all except
Tuberculosis
Emphysema
Rheumatoid ahritis
Mesothelioma
0a
multi
Ref Harrison 19 th ed/pg 1717 Figure 316-1 Glucose < 60 mg/dL Consider: Malignancy Bacterial infections Rheumatoid pleuritis . In tubercular effusion , pleural fluid glucose level is usually normal / mildly reduced.
Anatomy
Respiratory system
5af41159-2a45-4675-a006-5624feaff571
A 4 year old girl presents with severe vomiting after viral fever of 6 days. She develops cerebral edema later on. What would be the liver biopsy finding?
Centrizonal haemorrhagic necrosis
Marked microvesicular steatosis
Ring granuloma
NASH
1b
single
Micrograph demonstrating marked (macrovesicular) steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Masson&;s trichrome stain, When the vesicles are large enough to disto the nucleus, the condition is known as macrovesicular steatosis; otherwise, the condition is known as microvesicular steatosis. Reference: GHAI Essentia...
Pediatrics
C.V.S
d7e785de-030c-458a-8f32-3469ace26d67
A 24-year old male had multiple, small hypopigmented macules on the upper chest and hack for last three months. The macules were circular, arranged around follicles and many had coalesced to form large sheets. The surface of the macules showed fine scaling. He had similar lesions one year ago which subsided with treatm...
KOH preparation
Slit skin smear
Tzanck test
Skin biopsy
0a
multi
Ans. a. KOH preparation Multiple, small hypopigmented macules on the upper chest and back which are circular, arranged around follicles coalesced to form large sheets with fine scaling are seen in Pityriasis versicolor. The most appropriate investigation to confirm the diagnosis is KOH preparation
Skin
null
98de53c4-9672-4fa3-9d2b-6ebddd3d7e1d
The central venous pressure (CVP) is slow in-
Pericardial effusion
Massive pulmonary embolism
Acute left ventricular failure
Tension pneumothorax
2c
single
Factors Increasing Central Venous Pressure A decrease in cardiac output either due to decreased hea rate or stroke volume (e.g., in ventricular failure) results in blood backing up into the venous circulation (increased venous volume) as less blood is pumped into the aerial circulation. Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 453
Medicine
C.V.S
90a1a7e3-3ff3-4653-8d13-3de6811b4eca
An unknown drug is being tested in experimental setup. The results obtained are given in the table. From these actions, new drug is likely to be:ParameterPlacebo treatedNew drug treatedHea rate7286Systolic BP110150Diastolic BP8068TremorsAbsentPresent
Beta-I and beta-2 agonist
Alpha-1 antagonist and beta-2 agonist
M2 and M3 agonist
Alpha-1 and beta-1 agonist
0a
single
Ans. A. Beta-1 and beta-2 agonistBeta-1 stimulation increases hea rate and systolic blood pressure. Beta-2 stimulation cause vasodilation and thus decreases diastolic blood pressure and tremors. Hence, the drug appears to be beta-1 and beta-2 agonist.
Pharmacology
null
1872cef9-41f0-4a57-99c9-98d8200eb4ff
Diabetes mellitus associated with -
|HDL
|Triglycerides
|Triglycerides
|Cholesterol
1b
single
Ref - researchgate.net
Medicine
Endocrinology
5f28074b-75f5-4129-b1e2-f91429538c07
Number of milk teeth -
16
12
20
8
2c
single
Temporary, deciduous or milky teeth are 20 in number, 4 incisors, 2 canines and 4 molars in each jaw. ref : Dr. Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 27th edition pg.35.
Forensic Medicine
Identification
c808def3-1e83-46eb-b7cf-21d3edee941a
what is the indication of ECT
dissosiation
depression with suicidal ideas
agaraphobia
panic disorder
1b
single
HISTORY * Medunna ====IM injection of camphor to induce seizures * Ugo cerletti and lucio bini==== ECT in a catatonic patient INDICATIONS * DEPRESSION SUICIDAL IDEAS-------------- first choice * CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA * SCHIZOPHRENIA * MANIA * ELECTRODE PLACEMENT * Most commonly used=== bi fronto temporal * More cogni...
Anatomy
Treatment in psychiatry
a568abd1-6820-4b10-a290-5a14f640b993
All are true about coho studies except-
Prospective
Useful for rare diseases
Necessary for incidence
Costly
1b
multi
. .coho study is a type of analytical study which is usually undeaken to supp the existence of an association between suspected cause and disease.also known as prospective study /longitudinal study/incidence study/forward looking study etc.the cohos are identified prior to the apperance of the disease under investigati...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Epidemiology
aed1ac8b-85c6-4402-9341-c3239433dc03
Ferruginous bodies are commonly seen in:
Silicosis
Asbestosis
Bagassosis
Byssinosis
1b
single
Inorganic paicles may become coated with iron containing proteinaceous material, these bodies are called ferruginous bodies. They mimic asbestos bodies and can be seen in patient with asbestosis but is not specific hence asbestosis is the best answer. Ferruginous bodies are most commonly seen in Asbestosis. Ref: Robbin...
Pathology
null
14bb894b-a64a-4d92-98b7-f92e6e1d6dce
Joint position and viberation is carried by:
A-alfa
A-beta
Both
None
0a
multi
A-alfa fibers are associated with proprioception and lower motor neurons They are myelinated fibers Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number: 73
Physiology
Nervous system
0df86ff8-7164-4723-8948-cf170f4bd672
Which of the following is the earliest indicator of pathological gastroesophageal reflux in infants (GERD)?
Respiratory symptoms
Postprandial regurgitation
Upper GI bleed
Stricture esophagus
0a
single
* Presence of respiratory symptoms point towards pathological GERD * Stricture esophagus and upper GI bleeding are complications due to severe GERD.
Pediatrics
Disorders of Gastrointestinal System Including Diarrhea
16c4e1aa-c229-4a7a-9935-f83b34e95a07
Typical change in problem behavior shows how many stages ?
2
3
4
5
3d
single
Ans. is'd'i.e., 5Ref: www.uri.edu.comlFive stages of change for problem behaviourPrecontemplation :- Individuals .are unaware of their problem.Contemplation :- Individuals :ue aware about problem and seriously thinking about overcoming it but have not yet made acommitment. Person is weighing benefits and costs of behav...
Psychiatry
null
d74fce65-1066-4c1c-aa38-cb43f17903e2
Indication of caesarean section after previous caesarean section is?
Hypertension
Type 1 placenta previa
CPD
Multigravida
2c
single
ANSWER: (C) CPDREF: Dutta 6th ed page 589See previous question for explanation
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Caesarean Section
a9bca71e-dd84-4828-bca5-82f30356c836
Bohler's angle is measured in the fractures involving which of the tarsel bones?
Calcaneum
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
0a
single
Bohler's tuber joint angle and Crucial angle of Gissane are measured for intra aicular fractures of calcaneum. Ref: Apley's 8th Edition, Page 750, 751; Rockwood and Green 5th Edition, Page 2135; John Ebnezer 2nd Edition, Page 146.
Surgery
null
42a98d32-e339-43b4-b067-e181f097ab60
Which of the following develops from an unerupted tooth?
Dental cyst
Dentigerous cyst
Both of the above
None of the above
1b
multi
Dentigerous (follicular) cysts are epithelial-lined, developmental, odontogenic cysts. Fifteen to eighteen percent of jaws cysts are dentigerous, surround the crowns, and attach at the cementoenamel junction of unerupted teeth. The lower third molars and the upper canines are the most commonly involved teeth. The cyst ...
Surgery
null
2ab4e9aa-da9d-4c1c-a302-b16bafcd655a
A 26-year-old man has occasionally felt pain in the scrotum for the past 3 months. On physical examination, the right testis is more tender than the left but does not appear to be enlarged. An ultrasound scan shows a 1.5-cm mass within the right testis. A right orchiectomy is performed, and gross examination shows the ...
a-Fetoprotein
Carcinoembryonic antigen
CD20
Human chorionic gonadotropin
3d
multi
Choriocarcinoma is the most aggressive testicular carcinoma. It often metastasizes widely. The primitive syncytial cells mimic the syncytiotrophoblast of placental tissue and stain for human chorionic gonadotropin. a-Fetoprotein is a marker that is more likely to be found in mixed tumors with a yolk sac component. Carc...
Pathology
Male Genital Tract