id stringlengths 36 36 | question stringlengths 1 1.57k | opa stringlengths 1 287 | opb stringlengths 1 287 | opc stringlengths 1 286 | opd stringlengths 1 301 | cop class label 4
classes | choice_type stringclasses 2
values | exp stringlengths 1 22.5k | subject_name stringclasses 21
values | topic_name stringlengths 3 135 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ec5dba70-d828-466d-b982-167619fb8a1a | Which of the following statements regarding treatment of hypothyroidism in a patient with ischemic hea disease is not false: | Low dose of Levothyroxine | Normal dose of Levothyroxine | Do not use Levothyroxine | Use thyroid extract | 0a | multi | Replacement therapy typically is initiated with 25mcg and the dose is increased gradually.Initiation of levothyroxine therapy in IHD patient is done slowly and the dose is not increased before 6-8 week interval. Ref: The thyroid and cardiovascular risk: Merck European Thyroid Symposium By Karl-Michael Derwahl, Leonides... | Medicine | null |
8cf349cc-f44c-47f8-bd42-6e0a3ed9e0cb | Ratio of median lethal dose to median effective dose is called? | Drug potency | Therapeutic index | Potentiation | Therapeutic efficacy | 1b | multi | Therapeutic Index (T.I.): T.I. = LD50 /ED50 It is a measure of the safety of a drug. It is calculated as a ratio of LD50 to ED50. Drugs having high T.I. are safer whereas those having low T.I. are more likely to be toxic. | Pharmacology | Pharmacodynamics |
59275ae2-7bc5-4e8e-ac5f-af7e1892dc32 | For radiotherapy an isotope is paced in or around canecr site. It is called as: | Brachytherapy | Tefetberapy | External beam therapy | Intensity Medulated radiotherapy | 0a | multi | Ans: A (Brachytherapy) Types of radiotherapy Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology 6thfl 737-44External beam radiotherapy: It refer to any situation where the source of the radiation is located at a distance from the patient & the beam of radiation is then directed towards a defined treatment area. Approximately 85... | Radiology | Brachytherapy |
8a08a416-d091-41e7-bab2-ce9e9184aee6 | Fixation is a concept related to | Psychosocial stages of development | Psychosexual stages of development | Cognitive stages of development | Hierarchy of needs | 1b | single | Fixation is concept introduced by Sigmund Freud, he explains this in his each stage of Psychosexual stages of development. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 157. | Psychiatry | Cognitive development and defence mechanism |
cf3c2f1f-47d2-4352-929b-d98ac41847de | Delusions are not likely to be seen in: | Dementia | Depression with psychotic symptoms | Schizophrenia | Conversion disorder | 3d | single | Delusion is a false, firm ,fixed and unshakable belief. It is not a feature of conversion disorder. It can be a feature of- schizophrenia depression with psychotic symptoms Dementia. | Psychiatry | Basics of Psychiatry |
2013e05b-3adc-4c1c-9e90-d45f43890c94 | Fournier's gangrene affects | Cheek area | Perineal area | Abdominal wall | Toes | 1b | multi | Ref:Bailey and love 27th edition Pg no :419 | Anatomy | General anatomy |
802a80a7-5b52-490d-ac23-cabaa32e8ce2 | All of the following cranial nerves are involved in Acoustic neuroma, except - | Vagus | Glossopharyngeal | Oculomotor | Facial | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Oculomotor Clinical features of acoustic neuromao The clinical features depend on the extent of tumor and involved structureWhen tumor is still confined to the internal auditory canalCochleovestibular symptoms are the earliest symptoms of acoustic neuroma when tumour is still confined to internal audi... | ENT | Malignant Tumors |
09642131-aa5c-4e5e-9d10-314521d7e4b7 | ICD 10 - | Revised every 5 years | Consists of 10 chaptors | Arranged in 3 volumes | Was produced by UNICEF | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Arranged in 3 volumes International classification of disease (ICD) The ICD was produced by WHO and has been accepted for national and international use. Since its inception, ICD has been revised about once every 10 years. The latest revision, the 10' revision (ICD-10), came into effect on January 1, ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
9844fc05-fbbf-46a1-b5f6-1639812a69ac | Feature of Torsade de pointes is | Wide QRS complex | Sho QRS complex | Prolonged QT interval | Sho QT interval | 2c | single | Polymorphic VT that occurs in the context of congenital or acquired prolongation of the QT interval often has a waxing and waning QRS amplitude creat- ing a "twisting about the points" appearance referred to as Torsade de Pointes Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1443 | Medicine | C.V.S |
da27e783-4c0b-4621-bc3d-938a109d8425 | Use of lithium during pregnancy increases the risk of development of which of the following malformations in the baby? | Facial defects | Cardiac defects | Neural tube defects | Urogenital defects | 1b | single | Lithium causes Ebstein's anomaly (malformation in tricuspid valve of hea) if given in pregnancy. Other side effects of lithium includes: Leucocytosis I Tremors (most common adverse effect) Hypothyroidism Increase Urine (polyuria) Mothers (avoided in pregnancy). | Pharmacology | AIIMS 2018 |
e8e8ba8d-f82f-4da8-a0fe-8dd0a7f04a52 | Curdy vaginal discharge is seen in which infection- | Bacterial vaginosis | Candidiasis | Trichomoniasis | Chlamydia | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Candidiasis Candidiasiso MC common vaginitis during pregnancy, OCPs, steroid therapy, antibiotic therapy, diabetes & immunocompromised patients.o Caused by a gram positive fungus Candida (MC-albicans)o Presents with curdy white discharge writh intense pruritus, dysuria, dyspareunia.o 20% patients are ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Symptoms Associated with Genital Infections |
689b5efb-5a58-424f-91e3-815991c68778 | Superficial burns; true is/are - | Always requires skin grafting | Dry & inelastic | Blister formation | Can be healed within 7 to 10 days | 3d | multi | Answer is 'd' i.e. Can be healed within 7 to 10 days Burn depth is an impoant topic and repeatedly asked. Burns are classified according to increasing depth in 2 ways 1) into degrees i.e. 1st degree to IVth degree burn 2) into a less precise classification i.e. Shallow & Deep burns. | Surgery | null |
990a9348-1e14-479b-afd5-8ee0a1e77cb4 | Transformation of CLI/SLL into DLBCL is called - | Richter syndrome | Evans syndrome | Li Fraumeni syndrome | Kostmann syndrome | 0a | multi | Answer- A. Richter syndromeRichter's transformation is development of an aggressive large-cell lymphoma in the setting of underlying chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). | Medicine | null |
2a379a53-85d5-4e25-ab9f-77f58eadcf05 | All of these substrates are glucogenic except: | Acetyl CoA | Pyruvate | Glycerol | Lactate | 0a | multi | Ans. a. Acetyl CoA (Ref: Harper 30/e p185. 29/e p187)Acetyl CoA is not a substrate for gluconeogenesis and cannot be converted back to glucose."Acetyl CoA is not a substrate for gluconeogenesis and cannot be converted back to glucoseQ. This is because acetyl CoA cannot be converted back to pyruvateQ since its carbon ba... | Biochemistry | Gluconeogenesis |
a4a1741a-b21c-488b-9ef9-55b471b92f68 | Classical conditioning theory was given by: | Masler. | Bandura. | Pavlov. | Skinner. | 2c | single | Classical conditioning theory was given by Pavlov. | Dental | null |
173d2c0e-98e2-42da-9e1c-1613e56120e8 | What is the imaging of choice in the setting of head trauma? | Helical CT scan without IV contrast | Spiral CT scan with IV contrast | MRI | Digital skull radiographs | 0a | single | Ans. A. Helical CT scan without IV contrastIn head trauma the imaging study of choice is CT scan.Usually is contrast study is not needed for head injury per se.Skull radiographs have extremely limited value as compared to CT except in evaluation of skull fractures that to depressed skull fracture/fracture base of skull... | Radiology | Nervous System |
2b15985c-e713-467a-abcc-a3446ae96196 | Management of desmoid tumor is? | Local excision | Wide excision | Radiotherapy | Growth inhibitors | 1b | single | Wide excision REF: Devita 8th ed chapter 45 Aggressive fibromatosis is a rare condition marked by the presence of desmoid tumors, which are benign, slow-growing tumors without any metastaticpotential. However, Aggressive Fibromatosis is locally aggressive. Despite their benign nature, they can damage nearby structures ... | Surgery | null |
981f43bb-0f11-4d8f-a8ee-5c0283107593 | The block shown in the diagram is going to affect all of the following nerves EXCEPT | Inferior alveolar nerve | Buccal nerve | Lingual nerve | Mental nerve | 1b | multi | While operating on lower teeth, Inferior Alveolar Nerve block before it enters into Mandibular Foramen on the medial aspect of the Ramus of the Mandible is done. Inferior Alveolar Nerve continues as Mental Nerve so we block this as well, the only unblocked nerve is Buccal Nerve which supplies lateral aspect of the gums... | Anatomy | Neuroanatomy, Head and Neck |
384301b5-e53a-4bb2-b3ed-68f0c8eb4fdf | In Crude death rate the population is taken as on | Ist March | I st July | Ist April | 15th August | 1b | single | Ref: Parks 23rd edition pg 57 Mid year population is considered. Hence July 1st is taken. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
19c3728c-b516-4bf6-8132-c6e0bb6d0ec6 | Which of the following drugs should not be used in setting of severe hypeension in elderly on empirical basis? | Enlapril | Amlodipine | Chlohiazide | Prazosin | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Prazosin o For initial treatment (emperical treatment) ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Diuretics or CCBs are used. Note - in most of the cases thiazide diuretic is the DOC for treatment initiation. | Pharmacology | null |
cbfc0578-d385-4681-a08c-9dcc85c6021e | Drug implicated for prolonging QT interval in a premature baby is- | Domperidone | Metoclopramide | Cisapride | Omeprazole | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cisapride | Pharmacology | null |
f852b0d0-e5a9-45ec-915c-7f0ec98b568e | Which of the following is true regarding Fluorescence | Spontaneous illumination in dark | Release of longer wavelength light on absorbing light of shoer wavelength | Release of shoer wavelength light on absorbing light of longer wavelength | Continuous emission of lights of different wavelength | 1b | multi | Ans. b. Release of longer wavelength light on absorbing light of shoer wavelengthIn Fluorescence, there is release of longer wavelength of light on absorbing light of shoer wavelength is seen.FluorescenceIt is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiationQIt is a form o... | Biochemistry | null |
65ea1e5d-a478-4742-864c-5962e43a80e5 | The hallmark of refeeding syndrome after first week of staing a refeed is: | Hyperphosphatemia | Hypophosphatemia | Hypokalemia | Hyperkalemia | 1b | multi | The hallmark of refeeding syndrome is the development of severe hypophosphatemia after the cellular uptake of phosphate during the 1st week of staing to refeed. Refeeding syndrome is a complication of the acute nutritional rehabilitation odf children who are undernourished from any cause, and it may follow overly aggre... | Pediatrics | Nutrition |
8ebfd3ac-21ac-47e8-b042-c5599084799e | Therpeutic drug monitoring is particularly useful for which of the following drug/s? | Lithium | Aminoglycoside antibiotics | Anticonvulsants | All the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above Therapeutic drug monitoring is particularly useful in following situations:1. Drugs with low safety margin -a) Digoxinb) Anticonvulsantsc) Antiarrythmicsd) Theophyllinee) Aminoglycoside antibioticsf) Lithiumg) Tricyclic antidepressants2. If individual variations are large -> Antidepressa... | Pharmacology | General Pharmacology |
0d65c103-44ed-47fd-9b7f-06cb90097fcf | Aerial supply of tonsil is mainly by? | Tonsillar branch of facial aery | Maxillary aery | Middle meningeal aery | External carotid aery | 0a | single | The tonsil is supplied by five aeries : 1. Tonsillar branch of the facial aery. This is the main aery. 2. Ascending pharyngeal aery from external carotid. 3. Ascending palatine, a branch of the facial aery. 4. Dorsal lingual branches of the lingual aery. 5. Descending palatine branch of the maxillary aery. (Ref: Diseas... | ENT | Pharynx |
b1572615-40af-4abb-9b1a-f1c2b5ea09b9 | Phenobarbitone is used in - | Organophosphate poisoning | Carbamate poisoning | Neonatal jaundice | Phenol poisoning | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Neonatal jaundice Phenobarbitone* Phenobarbitone is a long acting barbiturate.* Barbiturates induce several hepatic microsomal enzymes and increase the rate of metabolism of other drugs.* This property of phenobarbitone can be used as an adjuvant in treatment of neonatal jaundice.* In cases of unconju... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
4dce23c7-582e-4d73-9b01-9c166aa47350 | In chlamydial cervicitis drug of choice is : | Tetracycline | Septran | Chlomphenicol | Erythromycin | 0a | single | Tetracycline | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
ea772afd-27a7-4c50-8697-3488d87aff29 | Investigation of choice for Hydronephrosis- | Excretory Urography | USG | MRI | Cystourethrography | 1b | single | Excretory Urography Also known as IVP Used to evaluate pelvic and calyceal system USG: IOC for fluid anywhere in the body Investigation of choice for Hydronephrosis MRI: Multiplanar imaging Good soft tissue resolution IOC for Neurological diseases IOC for Brain tumors: CE - MRI IOC for spinal metastasis: MRI IOC for ve... | Radiology | Genitourinary radiology |
fa70fd78-c57a-4f8f-b7d2-f674f9aedadd | Declaration of Tokyo is related to? | Human experimentation | Torture | Euthanasia | Organ transplantation | 1b | single | Ans. (b) TortureRef. Ethics for doctors, Nurses and patients by H.P. Dunn P 37, World medical association website and various internet resources | Forensic Medicine | Law & Medicine, Identification, Autopsy & Burn |
b4ff4fd5-fae6-43bf-ae2e-ac5ec089bc73 | A patient presents to the emergency department of AIIMS with the most severe headache of his life. What should be done next? | Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) | Noncontrast CT | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | Lumbar puncture (LP) | 1b | single | ANS. B* Investigation of choice in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Noncontrast CT* Investigation of choice in aneurysm: DSA* Investigation which can diagnose ischemia in brain earliest: MRI (diffusion weighted imaging, within 3-30 minutes)* First imaging investigation to be done in a patient with suspected stroke: Nonco... | Radiology | Nervous System |
ea836d9b-acef-461f-95d9-4385f5cd2c12 | Most non polar amino acid is: | Leucine | Glycine | Arginine | Lysine | 0a | single | Polar and non polar amino acids:
Polarity : Amino acids are classified into 4 groups based on their polarity. The polarity in turn reflects the functional role of amino acids in protein structure.
Non-polar amino acids: These amino acids are also referred to as hydrophobic (water hating). They have no charge on the '... | Biochemistry | null |
b0e5621b-fac6-4800-a485-2dc179439351 | Esmoprazole acts by inhibiting | H+K+ ATPase pump | H+Na+ ATPase pump | H+ pump | Any of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. a (H+K+ ATPase pump). (Ref. Harrison's internal medicine, 16th ed., 1753)Esmoprazole# s-enantiomer of omeprazole.# It is claimed to produce better control of pH in stomach than omeprazole in GERD.# It is effective as Omez in healing gastric/duodenal ulcer and in inhibiting H. pylori.# Side effects and drug reactio... | Pharmacology | G.I.T |
2d86eeb0-9219-4400-b830-322b52eb4e79 | Giving commission to other doctor is | Dichotomy | Covering | Professional secrecy | Professional neglect | 0a | single | Ans. a (Dichotomy). (Ref. Textbook of FMT by Parikh-5th ed. 558)Dichotomy is giving commission to the other doctor for favouring or referring the patient, recommending or procuring any patient for medical, surgical or other treatment (fee-sharing).Covering is a RMP protecting a non-medical person who practices medicine... | Forensic Medicine | Law & Medicine, Identification, Autopsy & Burn |
a58f8f92-f6dc-49a8-afd9-ab7161188a65 | Long term status of blood sugar is explained by:September 2008 | HbA | Serial measurement of FBS | Oral glucose tolerance test | HbA1c | 3d | single | Ans. D: HbA1cWhen plasma glucose is episodically elevated over time, small amounts of hemoglobin A are nonenzymatically glycated to form HbA1Careful control of the diabetes with insulin reduces the amount formed and consequently HbAIc concentration is measured clinically as an integrated index of diabetic control for t... | Physiology | null |
473ec9d7-11c0-46b7-94a4-8d02e44d5a8e | Most common carcinoma of minor salivary gland is? | Pleomorphic adenoma | Mucoepidermoid carcinoma | Adenoid cystic carcinoma | Wahin's tumor | 2c | single | repeated question. | Surgery | Head and neck |
28b2e0ad-6168-481d-a9f7-c91d8814bafe | In triage color code, yellow signifies: | Minimal treatment is required. | Delayed treatment. | Emergency treatment. | Less chances of survival. | 1b | single | T1 RED: Emergency treatment.
T2 YELLOW: Delayed treatment.
T3 GREEN: Minimal treatment is required.
T4 BLUE/ BLACK: Less chances of survival. | Surgery | null |
805962b6-c3f6-4dfb-9998-4073e680318d | Chromosomal analysis of all of the following genotype shows Barr bodies, EXCEPT: | XO | XXY | XX | XXX | 0a | multi | Routine microscopy of mammalian cell nuclei reveals a small, dense mass of heterochromatin present in females but not males. This "sex chromatin" (or Barr body or X-chromatin) is one of the two X chromosomes present in females. As a general rule, only 1 X chromosome functions in a cell at a given time. All other X chro... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
925e7cd6-51a8-4366-8995-e751941a059d | A lady in her first trimester with hyperemesis gravidarum wakes up with diplopia and mental confusion and nystagmus. What is the probable diagnosis? | Pregnancy induced hypeension | Wernicke's syndrome | Occipital infarction | Pituitary apoplexy | 1b | single | Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a potentially reversible yet serious neurological manifestation caused by vitamin B1(thiamine) deficiency. It is commonly associated with heavy alcohol consumption. Other clinical associations are with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), starvation, and prolonged intravenous feeding. Most pat... | Ophthalmology | Neuro Ophthalmology |
b2265c72-67d5-47fe-bd32-c3e24b9f00fe | "L-form" phenomenon is most likely to occur in ? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Pseudomonas | Proteus | Mycoplasma | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Mycoplasma | Microbiology | null |
0a1c603d-f0dd-41f6-b8d5-98fe6c08fe57 | Lithium is used in | Bipolar disorder | Dythymia | Anxiety neurosis | OCD | 0a | single | lithium was introduced by JOHN F CADE it is used in treatment of MANIA it is a liver friendly drug it has to be used in caution with people with deranged renal parameters if the patient is on lithium, he should be warned about of intake of other meds like NSAIDS, ACE inhibitors , as it may result in toxicity if a patie... | Psychiatry | All India exam |
e0003d66-fea5-43b4-aade-4244a3abf27f | Anticraving drug given in alcohol dependence: | Buprenorphine | Acamprosate | Disulfiram | Diazepam | 1b | single | Ans. b. Acamprosate (Ref: Niraj Ahuja 6th/39-40; Kaplan Synopsis 10th/396)Anticraving drug given in alcohol dependence is Acamprosate.Treatment of Alcohol Dependence1. Aversion therapy: ApomorphineQ, sub-threshold electric shock2. Psychotherapy3. Group therapy4. Deterrent agents: ( Alcohol sensitizing drugs)Q- Disulfir... | Psychiatry | Alcohol-Related Disorders |
64b93d88-8a01-43fc-bf6a-7812c7021fac | In syringomyelia the sensation that is lost is: | Touch | Pressure | Pain and temporature | Two point descrimination | 2c | single | Ans: cRef: Harrison, 16thed, p. 2445 | Medicine | C.N.S. |
0f8a6476-177a-4517-aa7e-12d0c05a9c7e | A 32 year old high altitude mountaineer is observed to have a hematocrit of 70%. Which of the following represents the most likely cause/explanation | Polycythemia with increased red cell mass | Relative polycythemia due to dehydration | Polycythemia due to hemoconcentration | Polycythemia with high altitude pulmonary edema | 0a | single | Erythropoietin secretion increases promptly on ascent to high altitude. The increase in circulating red blood cells triggered by the erythropoietin begins in 2-3 days and is sustained as long as the individual remains at high altitude. | Physiology | null |
7152b6fc-edbe-4f77-9ef8-3b9665a934e2 | Patients with C5 through C9 complement deficiencies would be most likely to have which of the following infections? | AIDS | Meningococcal infection | Pneumococcal infection | Giardiasis | 1b | single | Patients with complement deficiencies such as C5 through C9, which form the membrane attack complex (MAC), are predisposed to disseminated meningococcal disease. These patients may also be susceptible to gonococcal infection. There appears to be no disposition to AIDS or to fungal, parasitic, or pneumococcal infections... | Microbiology | Immunology |
cec75324-6bbc-4608-b803-309f77e3e0ee | Acquired diveicula are most commonly is seen in: | Jejunum/ileum | Transverse colon | Sigmoid colon | Ascending colon | 2c | single | A diveiculum is an abnormal sac or pouch protruding from the wall of a hollow organ MC siteQ of Colonic diveicula : Sigmoid colon True diveiculum is composed of all layers of the intestinal wallQ False diveiculum (pseudodiveiculum) lacks a poion (Muscularis propria ) of the normal bowel wallQ. Acquired diveicula are th... | Surgery | Large intestine |
961c61b2-6264-49d6-afdb-f4be12500f67 | Nitabuch's membrane is absent in: | Placenta accrete | Vasa previa | Abruption placenta | Placenta previa | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Placenta accretaRef: Williams obstetrics 23rded, Ch 35.* The nitabuch layer is a zone of fibrinoid degeneration in which invading trophoblasts meet the decidua. If the decidua is defective, as in placenta accreta, the Nitabuch layer is usually absent.Also Know* Placenta accreta indicates that villi are attache... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Abortion |
6ad69da4-c1ac-4e4c-a3cd-45912467f3bb | Congenital hydrocele is best treated by: | Eversion of sac | Excision of sac | Lords procedure | Herniotomy | 3d | single | Congenital hydrocele (Communicating hydrocele) Patent processus vaginals allows peritoneal fluid to freely communicate. Size of hydrocele fluctuates, usually related to activity Congenital hernia has the same defect. UDT are commonly associated. Wait for 2 years for spontaneous closure. Otherwise the treatment is herni... | Surgery | Testis and scrotum |
e84d93ed-7359-4fa7-a84e-9f21bf24735f | Enophthalmos caused by fracture of ? | Floor of orbit | Medial wall of orbit | Lateral wall of orbit | Roof of orbit | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Floor of orbit Post traumatic enophthalmos is caused by blow out fracture through the floor of orbit. ENOPHTHALMOS It is the inward displacement of the eyeball. About 50 percent cases of mild enophthalmos are misdiagnosed as having ipsilateral ptosis or contralateral proptosis. Common causes are :? Co... | Ophthalmology | null |
2bbaaa53-bae2-42b6-9a17-32d623117fe5 | A patient presents with Microcytic Hypochromic anemia. Serum iron levels and TIBC are decreased. Likely diagnosis is | Iron deficiency anemia | Anemia of chronic disease | Thalassemia | Sideroblastic anemia | 1b | single | Answer is B (Anemia of chronic disease) Hypochromic microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron and decreased TIBC is characteristic of anemia of chronic disease. Hypochromic microcytic anemia with 4.serum iron and TTIBC: iron Deficeincy Anemia Hypochromic microcytic anemia with fserum iron and TIBC : Anemia of Chronic... | Medicine | null |
e32a7343-5fdb-4903-815c-1c6c2d1ec590 | Local Anaesthetic in wound/ulcer management – | Prilocaine | Chlorprocaine | Benzocaine | Bupivacaine | 2c | single | For management of wound/ulcer, local anaesthetic with topical anaesthetic action is used.
Among the given options, only benzocaine has topical action. | Anaesthesia | null |
fa37a83c-580d-45fa-8981-3ce4f0522f41 | At which joint does inversion of foot occur: | Talocrural | Talocalcaneal | Calcaneocuboid | Cuneonavicular | 1b | single | Talocalcaneal | Anatomy | null |
04bd73ce-5fa1-4ee8-a480-0ebf65a7fcde | At the time of autopsy of a 39-yrs-old woman who died of complications of SLE, several medium-sized vegetations are found on both sides of the mitral valve and tricuspid valve. Which of the following is the basic abnormality that produced these cardiac vegetations? | Turbulent blood flow through' an incompetent mitral valve | Excess secretion of a vasoactive amine | Presence of an anticardiolipin antibody | Cachexia produced by a hypercoagulable state | 2c | multi | * Plaques or vegetations are found in characteristic locations within the hea in several different disorders. * Vegetations can occur in acute rheumatic fever as small masses found in a row along the lines of closure of the valves. * In contrast, the vegetations of infective endocarditis arc large, irregular masses tha... | Surgery | null |
ea48d579-494d-40b2-abf9-100cd60938f2 | A three years old boy presented with poor urinary stream. Most likely cause is: | Stricture urethra | Neurogenic bladder | Urethral calculus | Posterior urethral valve | 3d | single | POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVE Symmetrical folds of urothelium extending distally from prostatic urethra to external urinary sphincter. - Exclusively an anomaly of male urethra. - Four types, Type 1 is MC (lies just distal to the verumontanum or at the verumontanum) ASSOCIATED WITH Oligohydramnios Renal parenchymal dysplasia... | Surgery | Urethra and penis |
7ca524c7-8c12-4671-b59b-6eb9db002fc7 | Most commonly used nerve for neuromuscular monitoring under anesthesia is | Radial | Ulnar | Glossopharyngeal | Vagus | 1b | single | Monitoring of Neuromuscular block Done by nerve stimulator Different stimulation - Single Twitch Tetanus Train of four stimulus (most common) Double burst stimulation Post - tetanic count Nerves used - ulnar nerve (most common) (Adductor pollicis muscle ) Facial nerve Posterior tibial nerve External peroneal nerve Resp... | Anaesthesia | Monitoring in Anesthesia |
8e51a5b2-8426-4efd-b81b-02e6631a29f9 | This pattern of capnograph is seen in | Spontaneous breathing | Endotracheal tube obstruction | Malignant hyperthermia | Unidirectional valve malfunction | 1b | single | The shark finn pattern capnograph is seen in endotracheal tube obstruction | Anaesthesia | null |
a3359505-eb71-4398-a343-cb2384070ce5 | Swelling of deep lobe of parotid gland presents as swelling in: | Parapharyngeal space | Cheek | Temporal region | Below the ear | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Parapharyngeal spaceRef: Bailey and Love 26th edition - Page 734* Deep lobe tumors of Parotid gland appear as swelling in parapharyngeal space.* MRI is used to diagnose that lesions arise from Parotid. | Surgery | Salivary Gland |
58ffad4a-5613-4d26-88b2-a4bb2ce2b9e6 | Which of the following drugs can be stopped abruptly without any withdrawal symptoms? | Esctilaopram | Fluoxetine | Fluvoxamine | Seraline | 1b | single | Answer- B. FluoxetineFluoxetine has the lowest incidence of discontinuation syndrome among several antidepressants including paroxetin and venlafaxine. The longer half life of fluoxetine will avoid any withdrawal symptoms because this medication effectively tapers itself from the patient's system over a few days. | Pharmacology | null |
d8f14ee6-8c66-4124-b798-c7a3c44aa50e | Hepatitis B can transmitted through all EXCEPT: | Milk | Semen | Stool | Blood | 2c | multi | ANSWER: (C) StoolREF: With textHowever universal precaution is not needed for breast milk (no occupational hazard), Human breast milk has been implicated in perinatal transmission of HIV, and HBsAg has been found in the milk of mothers infected with HBV (REF: JAMA 1988; 259:1353-6. Lifson AR, Bond WW, Petersen NJ, Grav... | Medicine | G.I.T. |
4177ea11-cfb6-47a3-bb2b-39c2d8ac6703 | Folic acid supplementation is necessory for - | Mensturating females | Elderly females | Pregnant females | All | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Pregnant females Body stores of folate are not large, about 5-10 mg, and therefore, folate deficiency can develop quickly.Folic acid requirements are greatest in conditions where there is rapid cell multiplication, such as during growth in young children and during pregnancy.Folic acid supplementation... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
5f86c297-cb83-4f09-830b-0b766e10f740 | Animal hair are ? | Fine | Thin | With large scales | Thick coex | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., With large scales Trait Human hair Animal hair General Fine and thin Coarse and thick Cuticle Scales sho, broad, flattened/thin Scales large, wavy projections/step-like projections Coex Thick, 4-10 times as broad as medulla Thin, rarely more than twice as broad as medulla Medulla Varies, narrow, conti... | Forensic Medicine | null |
fc6d10c7-0eed-48a6-9e0c-4e4453fc499f | All of the following statements are true regarding poliovirus except - | It is transmitted by feco-oral route | Asymptomatic infections are common in children | There is a single serotype causing infection | Live attenuated vaccine produces herd immunity | 2c | multi | Poliovirus strains are classified into 3 types-1,2 and 3. TYPE 1 most common. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO:486 | Microbiology | Virology |
5004bc72-a76c-481a-a5ea-b5d2609651b5 | Persistence of Moro's reflex is abnormal beyond the age of – | 3rd month | 4th month | 5th month | 6th month | 3d | single | "In a normal infant, the Moro's reflex begins to fade at three months of age and gradually disappears at 4-6 months.
When it persists beyond 6 months it indicates a delay in CNS development." ---------- Tachdjian
"Moro's reflex disappears by six months in a normal infant." ------------ Ghai | Pediatrics | null |
b5e727f5-ea45-4bb4-9d21-3eb64421b571 | Amsler grid is used in – | Detecting maculopathy | Optic disc examination | Squint | Retinal examination | 0a | single | Macular function tests
While evaluating the retinal function, some tests are used s
These tests are :
Simple macular function tests
Two-point discrimination test (Cardboard test)
Maddox rod test
Coloured light test
Modified photostress test
Entoptic view test
Amsler grid test
Other tests
Blue field entoptoscopy
La... | Ophthalmology | null |
fe11270f-bc1f-435f-a8b2-27ad7dd5def7 | A child with an obvious rash presents with recurrent infections. The investigation revealed decreased platelet count and reduced IgM. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis – | Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura | Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura | Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome | Di' George anomaly | 2c | single | The classical triad of rash, thrombocytopenia and recurrent infection (immunodeficiency; ↓-IgM) suggest a diagnosis of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. | Pediatrics | null |
f38737e4-491f-4272-8b6e-1f2e34f0ebfc | Half-life of digoxin is? | 24 hours | 40 hours | 48 hours | 60 hours | 1b | single | Digoxin half-life is long -40 hrs It gets trapped in muscles and vd -volume of distribution is more elimination is difficult in cases of poisoning Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
6d2eeaa7-954a-4d75-ad27-a0a258b09590 | indications of FESS: | Inveed papilloma | Orbital abscess | Nasal polyposis | All | 3d | multi | Ans. is all [indications of Function) endoscopic Endoscopic Surgery (FESS) Nasal conditions: Indian = Inflammation of sinus (sinusitis - chronic and fungal) Prime = Polyp removal Minister = Mucocelea of frontal and ethmoid sinus Can = Choanal atresia repair Speak = Septoplasty Fluent = Foreign body removal English = Ep... | ENT | null |
f9f165c6-efce-454d-b9d3-fed5d89640eb | Coronary vasodilatation is caused by | Adenosine | Bradykinin | Histamines | Ergotamine | 0a | single | Refer kDT 7/e p536 It serves as a metabolic coupler between oxygen consumption andcoronary blood flow. ... Parasympathetic stimulation of the hea (i.e., vagal nerve activation) elicits modest coronary vasodilation(due to the direct effects of released acetylcholine on the coronaries). In some types of blood vessels, th... | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
54f3fdaa-aae5-4dfc-8462-5c008bf8254d | 'Apical cap' on CXR is seen in: | Dissecting aneurysm | Cystic hygroma | Castleman's disease | Sarcoidosis | 0a | single | Ans. A. Dissecting aneurysmDissecting aneurysmCXRa. Normal CXR in 25% casesb. Calcification sign (inward displacement of calcification plaque by >4-10mm from outer aortic contour) or the calcification in the aortic knuckle, which is separated from the outer margin by more than 1cm, is said to be suggestive of dissectio... | Radiology | Miscellaneous |
ee52024a-4e71-4e0b-b1eb-ad1adb17cccd | 'Time out' is useful in the treatment of: | Temper Tantrums | Pica | Anorexia nervosa | Nocturnal enuresis | 0a | single | Time-out- behavioral modification that involves temporarily separating child from an environment where an unacceptable behavior has occurred. The goal is to remove that child from an enriched, enjoyable environment- lead to extinction of the offending behavior. Distraction and 'time-out' strategies are useful in treatm... | Pediatrics | Behavioral Disorders in Children |
58971299-18a6-4d50-bc64-36fa77ddd3bc | PQLI lies between | 0 and 1 | 0 and 10 | 0 and 100 | 1 and 10 | 2c | single | PQLI -Physical quality of life index. The value is the average statistics, literacy rate, infant moality, life expectancy at age 1 ,all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease |
00daa54f-1ade-4556-9d38-e82b52eab672 | A 60 years old man presented with itchy tense blisters on normal looking skin and urticarial rash, investigation done for the diagnosis: | Direct immunofluorescence | Indirect immunofluorescence | Histopathology | Cytopathology | 0a | single | Ans. a. Direct immunofluorescence (Ref: Harrison 19/e p372, 18th/426-428)A 60 years old man presented with itchy tense blisters on normal looking skin and urticarial rash. This patient is suffering from pemphigoid. Investigation done for the diagnosis direct immunofluorescence.The most likely diagnosis in this patient ... | Skin | Vesiculobullous & Erosive Diseases in the Newborn and Infant |
53e8cd85-e3ef-4573-9903-b39f3fd8dd96 | Superantigen causes- | Polyclonal activation of T-cells | Stimulation of B cells | Enhancement of phagocytosis | Activation of complement | 0a | single | 1.Superantigensare a class of molecules that can interact with APCs and T lymphocytes in a nonspecific way(attach to TCR by the side not in tne centre) . The superantigens act differently by interacting with MHC class II molecules of the APC and the Vb domain of the T-lymphocyte receptor. This interaction results in th... | Microbiology | Immunology Pa 1 (Immune Response, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Hypersensitivity, Structure of Immune System, Immunodeficiency Disorders) |
85650cf8-13aa-4d65-959e-2ce01b94aa38 | Koebner's phenomenon is not seen in: | Vitiligo | Psoriasis | Dermatitis herpertiformis | Lichen planus | 2c | single | Ref: Thappa DM. The isomorphic phenomenon of Koebner. Indian J Dermatol Venereal Leprol 2004;70:187-9.Explanation:The Koebner phenomenon is the development of isomorphic pathologic lesions in the traumatized uninvolved skin of patients who have cutaneous diseases.Koebner phenomenon signifies activity of the disease.Typ... | Skin | Erythmato-Squamous and Lichenoid Eruption |
c96e4176-6207-4eaa-9edd-1f85140c55e6 | Which study is best for group/ population which is inhomogeneous? | Cluster Sampling | Stratified random sampling | Systemic random sampling | Simple random sampling | 1b | single | .in STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING,the sample is deliberately drawn in a systematic way so that each poion of sample represents a corresponding strata of universe.this method is paicularly useful where one is interested in analysing the data by a ceain characteristic of population.like hindus,christians,muslims,age groups ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
1bd9434b-2346-4a72-b8cc-5cf6ecfdedd0 | A 52 year old lady presents with constant leakage of urine and dysuria two weeks after a complicated total abdominal hysterectomy. A diagnosis of Vesicovaginal fistula is suspected. The most impoant test for the diagnosis is: | Triple Swab Test | Urine culture | Cystoscopy | IVP | 0a | single | Triple swab test is the investigation of choice to establish the diagnosis of a suspected vesico vaginal fistula. It confirms the presence of vesico vaginal fistula, and also differentiate it from uretero vaginal and urethro vaginal fistula. Ref: William's Gynecology, 1st Edition, Page 574; Textbook of Gynecology By DC... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
6f70e4bd-dc4f-43c2-b9ba-cd0c3ae16ce5 | A 16 Yr old presented to the clinic with recurrent joint pains,dark spots in sclera,blackening of urine on standing.What is the most probable diagnosis? | Alkaptonuria | Tyrosinemia | Phenylketonuria | All of the above | 0a | multi | Reference: Harpers illustrated biochemistry 30th edition | Biochemistry | Metabolism of protein and amino acid |
bf1db55e-5376-4f7b-ae78-c9d98931e4c2 | Denominator of maternal moality ratio is - | 1000 total bihs | Mid year population | 1000 live bihs | Total live bihs | 3d | single | maternal moality ratio = Total number of female deaths due to complications of pregnancy, child bih or within 42 days of delivery from puerpural causes in an area during a given year Divided by Total number of live bihs in the same area and year X 1000 or 100000 Reference Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medic... | Social & Preventive Medicine | obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics |
c032e32a-ade1-4030-b82d-6bbe0bad1692 | Which one of the following TCA cycle intermediate may not be added or removed by other metabolic pathways? | Oxaloacetate | Isocitrate | Citrate | Fumarate | 1b | single | Oxaloacetate may be formed from pyruvate during gluconeogenesis. Degradation of tyrosine and phenylalanine may produce fumarate. Citrate is transpoed out of mitochondria to be used as a source of cytoplasmic acetyl CoA. Isocitrate is formed and removed in TCA cycle. Ref: Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students by... | Biochemistry | null |
724fa878-0618-4318-b363-e7dbf1ab2105 | Genetic polymorphism include -a) SNPb) Microsatellitesc) Mutationsd) Translocation e) Mini satellites | abe | bcd | cde | acd | 0a | single | Genetic polymorphism
The occurrence of different DNA sequence in at least 1% of population, i.e. presence of more than one genetically distinct types in single population of a species.
In very simple words, genetic polymorphism causes diversity between individuals, e.g. genetic polymorphism might give rise to blue ey... | Pathology | null |
96ee6e14-b22a-4db6-8130-fd07a9cc1a61 | Test for De-quervain's tenovaginitis - | Cozen test | Finkelstein test | Kanavel's sign | Phalen test | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Finkelstein test o De-Quervian's teno vaginitis is characterized by pain over the styloid process of the radius and palpable thickening in the course of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons.o The condition is five times commoner in women than men, predominantly in middle a... | Orthopaedics | Disorders of the Hand |
7d159ea4-c5b9-4116-9cf7-c083bd4d35ed | A patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma presents with isolated cervical lymphadenopathy. Biopsy from the lesion shows characteristic lacunar cells. The treatment of choice for this patient is: | Chemotherapy with Radiotherapy | Chemotherapy alone | Radiotherapy alone | No treatment needed | 0a | single | Answer is A (Chemotherapy with Radiotherapy) Combined modality treatment with Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice in limited stage (stage III Hodgkin's lymphoma with a classical Histological subtype. Patient has limited Stage I Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patient in question presents with involvement of sin... | Medicine | null |
2590d24c-e60f-4ed3-b17f-5d876701a190 | Side chain of which amino acid contains sulfhydryl group ? | Aspargine | Cysteine | Isoleucine | Threonine | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cysteine There are two sulfur containing amino acids :- i) Cysteine ii) Methionine The side chain of cysteine contains sulfhydryl group that has a pKa of approximately 8.4 for dissociation of its hydrogen sulfhydryl groups of two cystein molecules can form covalent disulfide bond to form cystine. Meth... | Biochemistry | null |
82fef7e5-c44e-43f0-960b-2ab03a8dabe9 | Skeletal fluorosis can be diagnosed on X ray of: | Hips | Knee | Forearm | None of the above | 2c | multi | Skeletal fluorosis is associated with severe pain and stiffness in joints in hip region. Bone Xray is suggestive of increased gih and density of bone. Confirmed case of fluorosis is defined as presence of one or both of the following: High level of fluoride in urine >1mg/L Intraosseous membrane calcification in fore ar... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
2c058506-7228-43f9-8511-2b35f5cb8266 | Causative agent of sore throat is: September 2005 | Staphylococcus aureus | Streptococcus pyogenes | H. Influenzae | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1b | single | Ans. B: Streptococcus pyogenes The primary site of invasion of human body by streptococcus pyogenes is the throat. Primary bacterial pathogens that account for approximately 30% of cases of pharyngitis include Streptococcus pyogenes /Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococci (common), group C streptococci (uncommon), group G... | Microbiology | null |
02449f0f-8f7c-44e5-9ba2-e09fab844b44 | All of the following muscles retract the scapula, EXCEPT? | Trapezius | Rhomboid major | Rhomboid minor | Levator scapulae | 3d | multi | Rhomboids major, rhomboids minor along with middle fibers of trapezius retract the scapula. Levator scapula and rhomboids muscle stabilize the scapula during shoulder movements and transmits the body weight to the veebral column especially during lifting of heavy weight.Levator scapulae along with upper fibers of trape... | Anatomy | null |
9b8451a4-3a1f-4b42-a9a6-b2b9e0e99863 | Factor useful for clot stabilization? | X | XI | XII | XIII | 3d | single | Ans. is `d i.e., XIIIFactor XIII:It is also called fibrin stabilizing factor.It is necessary for clot stabilization and the cross linking of the fibrin polymer in blood.A hallmark of this rare deficiency is poor wound healing and abnormal scar formation. | Pathology | null |
e2132396-d4ac-400b-b1a9-f49b446b3442 | Which of the following cranial nerves does not carry parasympathetic outflow | Oculomotor | Trochlear | Facial | Glossopharyngeal | 1b | single | Ref: Clinical Neuroanatomy 2nd edition Vishram Singh (page no:238) Katzung 11/e p78 parasympathetic fibers arise from brainstem run through 3rd (oculomotor), 7th (facial), 9th(glossopharyngeal), 10th(vagus) cranial nerves and terminate in the parasympathetic ganglia in the head and neck So Trochlear nerve not included ... | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
ddc5a6fd-f44b-4afb-901a-7ce0f00f8c71 | Scl-70 antibody is characteristics of | SLE | Scleroderma | Dermatomyositis | Sjogern's syndrome | 1b | single | Ref Robbins 7/e p229 DNA topoisomerase I (anti-Scl 70), is highly specific; it is present in as many as 70% of patients with diffuse scleroderma (and in less than 1% of patients with other connective tissue diseases) and is a marker for the devel- opment of more aggressive disease with pulmonary fibro- sis and peripher... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
387a1c7f-22ff-47cb-848a-47977b08316f | Blue color cartilage is: | Hyaline | Elastic | Fibrocartilage | Synchondrosis | 0a | single | Ans. A HyalineRef: Netter's Essential Histology, 2nd ed. pg. 133Hyaline cartilage is blue colored while elastic cartilage is yellow and fibrocartilage is white. Extra edgeHyaline cartilageThe most abundant and common cartilageAll long bones are pre-formed in hyaline cartilage except clavicle.Types (Mnemonic L.A.N.C.E.T... | Anatomy | Histology |
a4db0311-5bb2-472f-83e5-e7b581cd4475 | Soft friable extradural hematoma with honeycomb appearance seen in autopsy in cases of death due to? | Coagulopathy | Thermal injury | Post moem trauma | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Thermal injury When the head is exposed to intense heat, sufficient to cause charring of the skull, heat hematomas occur. They have the appearance like extradural hemorrhage, but signs of injury blunt force do not accompany it. It consists of soft friable clot of light chocklate colour and may be pink... | Forensic Medicine | null |
16d5a54e-fb3a-4453-8caa-f6ec9a909d62 | Treatment of choice for annular pancreas is - | Division of pancreas | Duodeno-duodenostomy | Duodeno-jejunostomy | Roux-en-Y loop | 1b | single | Ans B Reference Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 20th edition. Annular pancreas results from aberrant migration of the ventral pancreas bud which leads to circumferential or near-circumferential pancreas tissue surrounding the second portion of the duodenum This abnormality may be associated with other congenital defects,... | Surgery | Pancreatic Vascular Anatomy and Innervation |
b3c12fa0-1f57-48f4-8f8a-6a53e3a0472a | This milestone is achieved by the age of ____________ | 6 months | 10 months | 12 months | 18 months | 1b | single | At 10 months Sits up alone and indefinitely without suppo Pulls to a standing position Walks holding furniture Grabs objects with thumb and forefinger Pokes at things with forefingers Uncovers hidden toy Mama, dada sounds (repetitive consonant sounds) Responds to the sound of a name Plays Peek-a-boo Waves bye-bye Ref :... | Pediatrics | Growth and development |
41f7e387-2a7e-4184-af1f-338ef8040320 | A 55 years old female presents with tinnitus, dizziness and h/o progressive deafness. Differential diagnosis includes all except: | Acoustic neuroma | Endolymphatic hydrops | Meningioma | Histiocytosis-x | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e. Histiocytosis X It is very well known that first 3 options i.e., Acoustic neuroma, endolymphatic hydrops (Miniers disease), and Meningioma can cause tinnitus and u/1 progressive deafness, (although Menier disease is usually b/l but initial presentation is u/l and the other ear is also involved in a few... | ENT | Ear |
88713c23-4607-4c6d-b557-486a62c65b51 | Delicate, brown or black pigmented non cariogenic plaque found on the enamel at the cervical margin of the tooth is: | Burtonian line | Argyria | Bismuth line | Mesenteric line | 3d | single | A delicate pigmented dental plaque, called the mesenteric line by some, was described by Pickerill to be a plaque of brown or black dots that coalesce to form a thin, dark line on the enamel at the cervical margin of the tooth. Pickerill, F Bibby and Shourie noted that the presence of this line is often associated with... | Pathology | null |
a6bee775-12c8-4675-a3f2-15c51cd3990d | Characteristics of glycoprotein: | Protein linked with glycosidic bond | Core protein | Sugar residues are long in carbohydrate poion of glycoprotein | None | 0a | multi | A i.e. Protein linked with glycosidic bond | Biochemistry | null |
0b78a31f-585c-463d-ad99-4b3ceae28ff1 | A 20 year old female presenting with anemia, mild jaundice for 2 years, peripheral smear showing spherocytes, the best investigation to be done is: | Reticulocyte count | Osmotic fragility test | Coomb's test | Bone marrow aspiration | 2c | single | Spherocytes in adult patient indicates presence of autoimmune haemolytic anemia and hence Coomb's test should be performed. Presence of spherocytes alone is not sufficient for the diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis. Evidence of hereditary nature of the disease is also required. Increased osmotic fragility merely ref... | Medicine | Anemia |
82cf2a00-3b7f-4de1-b6f7-c848beb2915f | During normal inspiration diaphragm goes down by? | 1-2 cm | 3-5 cm | 5-7 cm | 7-9 cm | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1-2 cmIn normal inspiration, the diaphragm descends 1-2 cm into the abdominal cavity producing a pressure difference of 1-3 mm hg and the inhalation of about 500 ml of air. | Physiology | null |
7ce84773-7bbf-451c-911f-bbcb492cd111 | A cochlear implant can be used in all of the following conditions causing bilateral severe to profound loss: | Meningitis | Otosclerosis | Ototoxic drugs | Section of CN VIII | 3d | multi | Cochlear implant electrode(s) stimulate fibres of CN VIII or ganglion cells. It assumes CN VIII is normal to carry impulses. If CN VIII has been cut as in removal of acoustic neuroma cochlear implant is ineffective, instead a brain-stem implant is used to stimulate cochlear nuclei. | ENT | Ear |
0c7e9236-4604-4f0c-ab99-9efae3c6cb43 | Which of the following condition is associated with early complete fusion of all of the cranial sutures in a patient? | Ape syndrome | Chiari malformations | Craniospinal dysraphism | Osteosclerosis | 0a | multi | Ape syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by pansynostosis. Clinically, patients have hypeelorism, midface hypoplasia, and shallow orbits in addition to their craniosynostosis. Symmetric syndactyly and sho thumbs are also characteristic of Ape syndrome. Hydrocephalus is common in this condition. Ref... | Radiology | null |
692b91a0-e29d-438c-b0a5-408f65adcfd1 | True regarding excitation contraction coupling in smooth muscles is : | Presence of troponin is essential | Sustained contraction occurs with high calcium concentration | Phosphorylation of actin is required for contraction | Presence of cellular calcium is essential to cause muscle | 3d | multi | D i.e. Presence of cellular calcium essential to cause muscle contraction | Physiology | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.