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135
1adfd4f1-b7bd-4d8c-ba21-e10c3ed9a37a
All except one are true for hepatitis B:
Veical transmission is more impoant than horizontal
Age of onset determines prognosis
Period of communicability lasts several months
Virus can be found in blood one month before
0a
multi
Ans. a. Veical transmission is more impoant than horizontal "According to American journal of gastroenterology, the most common mode of transmission of hepatitis B in the world is horizontal transmission Hepatitis B Virus The mode of transmission of HBV depends upon the prevalence of hepatitis B in the region. Only ser...
Medicine
null
6d217260-2da1-4db2-9078-5ecad573c06f
A 3-year-old girl is brought by her parents into the pediatrician for an urgent evaluation. The child recently started running a high fever in addition to refusing to eat or drink anything. She appears uncomfortable on her mom's lap, leaning very far forward. She is also drooling a fair amount. A cervical radiograph is...
Thumb sign
Batwing sign
Air-fluid levels
Honeycombing
0a
single
Ans. (a) Thumb sign.Epiglottitis is an infection of the epiglottis which can lead to upper airway obstruction. It is most commonly seen in ages 3 to 6 years, and is most commonly caused by Haemophilus influenza B (HIB). The incidence has decreased 90% since the introduction of the HIB vaccine. Children present with fev...
Surgery
E.N.T.
644e1330-7835-474e-b2b3-ecdd06c2e6e2
Whiplash injury is caused due to -
A fall from a height
Acute hyperextension of the spine
A blow on top to head
Acute hyperflexion of the spine
1b
multi
Whiplash injury results from acute hyperextension of the cervical spine in the region of C4-C6 vertebrae. Note: Both hyperflexion and hyperextension (i.e. flexion followed by hyperextension) are involved in the mechanism of whiplash injury. But it is hyperextension which causes damage to the spinal cord.
Forensic Medicine
null
7da4aec9-ba4e-4605-9e49-1605be614076
Dysthyroid ophthalmopathy ,all are true except
Proptosis
Myopathy
Exophthalmous
Optic neuritis
3d
multi
Optic nerve involvement in thyroid disease is compression optic neuropathy and not optic neuritis Refer khurana 6/e
Anatomy
General anatomy
aafc5e06-f6d6-4e57-9613-0ba83ae67e93
Which is MC genetic cause of Mental Retardation
Tuberous sclerosis
Cri-du-chat syndrome
Fragile-x-syndrome
Angle's syndrome
2c
single
Most common cause of MR is fragile X syndrome. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder. FXS is caused by changes in a gene that scientists called the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene when it was first discovered. The FMR1 gene usually makes a protein called fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). ...
Pediatrics
Central Nervous system
eea85ca4-d892-48a5-99c2-90ba29581479
Agent used for sterilization -
Ethylene oxide
Ionizing radiation
2% gluteraldehyde
Formaldehyde with low pressure steam
0a
single
All are disinfectants but ethylene oxide is used for sterilizing hea-lung machines ,respiratory sutures ,dental equipments books and clothings. it is unsuitable for fumigating rooms because of its explosive propey. it has been successfully used to sterilise a wide range of materials such as glass metal and paper surfac...
Microbiology
general microbiology
d3beda05-92f6-4af3-9661-86beea16442e
Which of the following reflexes is not present at bih-
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
Moro's Reflex
Symmetric tonic neck reflex
Crossed extensor reflex
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Symmetric Tonic neck reflexes Neonatal reflexes o A number of primitive neonatal reflexes can be elicited in healthy term neonate. o These disappear as the child grows ---> These reflexes are inhibited by frontal lobes as child grows. o Absence of reflex responses indicates dysfunction of central or p...
Pediatrics
null
e56699d6-9c16-4ccb-ac35-2ab572afc182
A witness, who after taking oath, willfully makes a statement which he knows or believes to be false is guilty of offence under section
190 IPC
191 IPC
192 IPC
193 IPC
3d
multi
193 IPC: Punishment for false evidence Whoever intentionally gives false evidence in any of a judicial proceeding, or fabricates false evidence for the purpose of being used in any stage of a judicial proceeding, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and s...
Forensic Medicine
Medico legal procedures
b806c08d-02ae-45d6-a4a8-a2b8d4396fe2
A 20-year-old man presents with dysuria, urgency, and urethral discharge. Physical examination shows suppurative urethritis, with redness and swelling at the urethral meatus. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of urethritis in this patient?
Borrelia recurrentis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Haemophilus ducreyi
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
3d
single
Urethritis is the most common manifestation of sexually transmitted diseases in men, in whom it typically presents with urethral discharge. Both gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis have an acute onset and are related to recent sexual intercourse. The infection manifests with urethral discharge, typically purulent a...
Pathology
Male Genital Tract
a7b00cd7-2fd2-4000-8098-65a47b76dded
Watson and Crick are associated with
Discovery of helical structure of DNA
Association of Helicobacter pylori with chronic gastritis
Discovery of HIV virus
None of the above
0a
multi
Ans. (a) Discovery of helical structure of DNA(Ref: Emery genetics)Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins were awarded the 'Nobel Prize' in 1962 "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living ...
Pathology
Genetics
c32ba701-cefd-4a4b-a22e-b630303a5c41
Which of the following neurotransmitter has an inhibitory control over the GnRH neurons before the onset of pubey?
Glycine
Glutamate
Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)
Beta-endorphin
2c
single
Before the onset of pubey, the GnRH neurons are under the inhibitory control of GABA. Gamma amino butyric acid is a dominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus. Inhibition of GnRH neurons by GABA is mediated Glutamergic neurons. A reciprocal innervations between GABAergic and Glutamergic neurons are found....
Physiology
null
b5c330b2-5f0e-4c60-bf50-4853f40b1496
Fluoroquinolones act on -
DNA histone proteins
DNA gyrase
Camp
mRNA polymerise
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., DNA gyrase o Fluoroquinolones (including ciprofloxacin) inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. For gram negative bacteria, the primary target is DNA gyrase, while topoisomerase IV is inhibited in gram positive bacteria.
Pharmacology
null
511d43a1-27e9-4d74-9564-91eb23024678
Iron absorption occurs from
Ileum
Small intestine and jejunum
Stomach
Oesophagus
1b
multi
Almost all iron absorption occur in duodenum & upper jejunum (proximal small intestine). Absorption of the majority of nutrients takes place in the jejunum, with the following notable exceptions: Vitamin B12 and bile salts are absorbed in the terminal ileum. Water and lipids are absorbed by passive diffusion throughout...
Physiology
null
b84b30d2-1291-488e-a469-c59c5aa923f3
All of the following are functions of CD4 helper cells except:
Immunogenic memory
Produce Immunoglobulins
Activate macrophages
Activate cytotoxic cells.
1b
multi
Immunoglobulins are secreted from the B lymphocytes. however, T helper cells helps the B cells, by activating it and produce into plasma cells. These plasma cells secrete the immunoglobulins. Thus, T helper cells indirectly helps in secretion of immunoglobulins. Ref: Andrew E. Williams, "The immune system", In the book...
Microbiology
null
38e42502-c480-451b-9b45-dbc12a797c6c
All are the features of carcinoid syndrome except: September 2007
Wheezing
Diarrhea
Acute appendicitis
Flushing
2c
multi
Ans. C: Acute appendicitis The most common (and often earliest) sign is an uncomfoable flushing, typically of the head and neck, often precipitated by emotional stress or the ingestion of food, hot beverages, or alcohol. Striking skin color changes may occur, ranging from pallor or erythema to a violaceous hue. Abdomin...
Medicine
null
61211b17-cf83-4d59-8f0a-45926cd926f3
Which antigen of rabies virus stimulates antibody production ?
Lipoprotein
Glycoprotein
Phosphoprotein
Intranuclear protein
1b
single
Ans. is 'B' i.e., GlycoproteinThere are following antigenic structures in rabies virus :?1) Glycoprotein G (on surface spikes)It is impoant in virulence, pathogenesis and immunity.It is serotype specific.It induces protective antibodies(D""), mediates binding of virus to Ach receptors and stimulates cytotoxic T-cells.2...
Microbiology
null
1212034e-8731-428b-bf55-d9ed1dc4cbe2
Air pressure of atmosphere at sea level (pound/square inch): March 2013 (g)
3-Feb
7-May
11-Sep
13-15
3d
single
Ans. D i.e. 13-15
Medicine
null
4eaeb732-b4bf-4128-9e4f-f12b4af7461b
In "three glass test" shreds are presents in first glass only. The most probable diagnosis is:
Prostatitis
Cystitis
Urethritis
Renal pathology
2c
single
Three-glass test is a test to determine the location of an infection affecting the male urinary system. The bladder is emptied by passing urine into a series of 3-ounce test tubes, and the contents of the first and the last are examined; The first tube contains the washings from the anterior urethra, The second, materi...
Surgery
Urinary bladder
ab31c61c-7d7b-4768-af4e-a76d569ba12d
Method of sterilization which is least effective is -
Pomeroys technique
Laparascopy
Vaginal fimbriectomy
Hysteroscopic tubal occlusion
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' Hysteroscopic tubal occlusion Hysteroscopic tubal occlusion is done by 2 methods and both these methods have high failure rates.Due to high failure rate this method is obsolete nowPomeroy's method has failure rate of 0.4%Laparoscopic sterilization has failure rate 0.6%Fimbriectomy - Permanent sterilization
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Female Sterilization
727efe5e-9b4f-4f4a-95c3-51b405e73c6a
The red velvety appearance of stomach mucosa is seen in the poisoning of
Lead
Arsenic
Copper
Mercury
1b
single
(Refer: Rajesh Bardale - Principle of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 1 st edition, pg no: 430)
Anatomy
All India exam
d77edfcc-8984-42cc-97f2-682507eeb943
NOT a feature of Horner's syndrome
Exophthalmos
Ptosis of upper eyelid
Miosis
Anhydrosis
0a
single
(A) Exophthalmos # HORNER'S SYNDROME:> Enophthalmos, Ptosis, Miosis, & Ipsilateral loss of sweating (Anhydrosis)> Malignant pleural effusion often leads to dyspnea.> Pancoast's (or superior sulcus tumor) syndrome results from local extension of a tumor growing in the apex of the lung with involvement of the eighth cerv...
Medicine
Miscellaneous
dcadf283-345d-4e54-b250-9a2de42ee073
Which is not seen in iron deficiency anaemia ?
Hyper-segmented neutrophils
Microcytosis preceeds hypochromia
MCHC < 50 %
Commonest cause of anaemia in India
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hypersegmented neutrophills
Pathology
null
9041c2c4-1931-4a19-bb99-900ed88b136b
All of the following form the ligamentous extensions of the hypogastric sheath, EXCEPT:
Uterosacral ligament
Mackenrodt's ligament
Lateral true ligaments of bladder
Broad ligament
3d
multi
Broad ligament is a false ligament of the uterus. It is a large double fold of peritoneum extending from the body of the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall. The Hypogastric sheath is formed by the fibrous, condensed poions of the endopelvic fascia which lies between, and is continuous with, both the visceral and parieta...
Anatomy
null
1e0a4833-c273-448a-b231-87b0e814f308
A 40-year old diabetic patient presents with proptosis of one eye and black eschar over palate. The likely organism is:
Pseudomonas
Candida
E. coli
Mucor
3d
single
Mucormycosis can affect the upper respiratory, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems. The clinical manifestation of the condition is headache with nasal discharge and sinus pain. Infection quickly spreads from the sinuses to contiguous structures. Ocular involvement manifests as proptosis,...
Medicine
Endocrinology
a1671ae7-e8f1-4d3c-a7d9-cd3492ef2093
Investigation of choice for varicose veins: March 2012, March 2013
Duplex ultrasound imaging
Standard Doppler examination
Varicography
Venography
0a
single
Ans: A i.e. Duplex ultrasound imaging Investigation of varicose veins Many now believe that all patients with varicose veins should undergo an assessment by duplex scan Standard Doppler examination is not an accurate method of establishing incompetence of the lesser saphenous incompetence. In all cases of sho saphenous...
Surgery
null
d939fa7c-b0ef-4987-bd06-cae31bd335fc
The reference protein is ?
Fish
Egg
Rice
Lemon
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Egg Eggs are used in nutrition studies as a "reference protein" as eggs proteins are considered to be the best among food proteins because of their high biological value and digestibility. So NPU is also high because it is the product of biological value and digestibility cofficient divided by 100.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
83f99b80-482a-4964-9f5e-cf1b52a49b09
Inferior thyroid aery arises from which of these vessels
Thyrocervical trunk
Branchiocephalic trunk
Internal carotid aery
External carotid aery
0a
single
Inferior thyroid aery is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk which arises from the subclan aery.Notes: It runs first upwards, then medially and finally downwards to reach the lower pole of the thyroid gland.Ref: BD Chaurasia; volume 3; 6th edition; pg 143
Anatomy
Head and neck
9355f323-6c2b-4849-baeb-b02606adf4cb
A patient presents with a penetrating chest wound associated with intrathoracic haemorrhage. A thoracotomy is done by taking an incision in the 41h/51h intercostals space staing 1 cm away from the lateral margin of the sternum. This is done to avoid injury to the
Pleura
Intercostal aery
Internal thoracic aery
Intercostal nerve
2c
single
C i.e. Internal thoracic aeryIntercostal (external, internal & innermost) muscles (not transverses thoracic) are pierced in pleural taping in mild axillary line.Latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, rhomboidus major & intercostal muscles are cut in posterolateral thoracotomy whereas pectoralis is cut in anterior & anter...
Anatomy
null
b15b6c95-a13b-4d95-9f0d-cb28060144b4
Which of the following will have the highest magnitude of the increased Alveolar aeriolar gradient at rest?
Interstitial lung disease
Massive Pulmonary embolism
Acute severe asthma
FB leading to upper airway obstruction
1b
single
Normal alveolar aeriolar gradient is 5-15 mm Hg. In interstitial lung disease, diffusion effect is present but PO2 can be normal and decreases in exercise. Hence in ILD A-a gradient is normal at rest and increases in exercise Massive pulmonary embolism, the increased dead space leads to very low PO2 and an increase of ...
Medicine
COPD and Asthma
70a28913-d0dc-4eac-ab0e-18cc8c5d4d56
Middle meningeal aery is a direct branch of: AI 06; Odisha 09; Punjab 12
External carotid aery
Internal maxillary aery
Superficial temporal aery
Middle cerebral aery
1b
single
Ans. Internal maxillary aery
Forensic Medicine
null
14ecc5fe-cc26-40ff-bbce-a884d0182cb6
What will be the staging of a squamous cell carcinoma if it T3N2Mo?
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV
Stage I
2c
single
Squamous cell carcinoma is classified as stage IV when:(i). Regional nodal metastases are N2 or N3 .N2 , node is more than 3 cm but less than 6 cm. It may be a single ipsilateral node, contralateral node or one node in a group of nodes. N3 means node size is longer than 6 cm.(ii). When primary growth is T4 with or with...
ENT
Facial Nerve And Its Disorders
358f0eb6-4297-4386-b31b-e47ff7fefcfa
A newborn presenting with intestinal obstruction showed on X-ray multiple air fluid levels are seen. The diagnosis is most likely to be?
Pyloric obstruction
Duodenal atresia
Ileal atresia
Ladd's bands
2c
single
Ans. CMultiple air-fluid levels indicate a more distal site of obstruction along the bowel-hence llieal atresia in the newborn. It is associated with cystic fibrosis. Plain radiograph shows multiple air fluid levels and dilated loops of proximal bowel. Barium enema shows microcolon. On antenatal USG it is often discove...
Radiology
G.I.T.
59d4556e-ea0b-4b7c-8dd5-d7f02333ae84
Drug of choice for Treponema Pallidum is?
Penicillin G
Tetracycline
Azithromycin
Doxycycline
0a
multi
ANSWER: (A) Penicillin GREF: Microbiology, Volume 2; Volume 9, Part 2 edited by E. Edward Bittar, Neville Bittar p; 241See APPENDIX-65 for "SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES""Parenteral penicillin G remains the treatment of choice for syphilis (Treponema pallidu and resistance to penicillin has not been reported"
Pharmacology
D.O.C
da3fb5aa-01f7-4997-8a15-a33ebc332167
Ulnar paradox is seen in -
High ulnar nerve palsy
Low ulnar nerve palsy
Combined median and ulnar nerve palsy
Guyons Canal entrapment of ulnar nerve
0a
single
Ans. is 'A' i.e.,Ulnar paradoxo Ulnar claw hand is seen in lower ulnar nerve palsy, not in high ulnar nerve palsy. It is called the ulnar paradoxo This is because in higher lesions long finger flexors (FDP of 3rd & 4th finger) are also paralyzed - IP joint flexion does not occur and therefore claw hand deformity is not...
Unknown
null
8b35dc02-872a-4c9c-aa61-0083eb861491
All are true about ansverse fracture of temporal bone except:
Facial nerve commonly involved
Sensorinueral deafness
Conductive deafness
These fractures are less common
2c
multi
Transverse fracture of temporal bone facial nerve palsies (disruption of fallopian canal containing the facial nerve) sensorineural hearing loss (disruptionof vestibulocochlear nerve) vertigo injury to the internal carotid artery and/or jugular vein fracture through the tegmen tympani results in CSF otorrhoea
Unknown
null
d06ebe6a-cc58-4fdc-9502-017fc7185e02
False regarding eating disorder is:
Neurohumoral related
Hereditary 80%
Starvation increases symptom
Penetrance is 50%
3d
multi
D i.e. Penetrance is 50%Ref: Biological Psychiatry (edited by Hugo A. H. D'haenen, Johan A. Den Boer, Paul Willner) and Yilmaz Z, Hardaway Ja, Bulik Cm. Genetics and of Eating Disorders.Advances in Genomics and Genetics page 131-150Explanation:Pathological problems associated with eating are many, like pica, overeating...
Psychiatry
Mood Disorders
29882704-8cd6-44f9-bd00-1ee152492e73
Discharge from Baroreceptors causes inhibition of
Caudal Ventrolateral Medulla
Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla
Nucleus ambiguous
Nucleus tractus solitarus
1b
single
B i.e. Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla
Physiology
null
310bb630-b733-485a-bb37-42d0692fe53f
Hyperophic pyloric stenosis presents after how many months of bih :
One
Two
Three
Six
0a
single
Pyloric stenosis is the most common surgical disorder producing emesis in infancy. It results from hyperophy of the circular and longitudinal muscularis of the pylorus and the distal antrum of the stomach with progressive narrowing of the pyloric canal. The cause is not known. The male-to-female incidence is 4:1.It pre...
Surgery
null
7d7b26a3-c5e2-4dcb-a094-dfcfe67c5b57
Integrin binds to?
Fibronectin
Vitronectin
Collagen
Laminin
3d
single
Ans. (d) Laminin > FibronectinIntegrins localised in the plasma membrane are the major adhesion receptors connecting cells with components of the extracellular matrix. Integrins interact directly with laminin, fibronectin present in the basal lamina and intracellularly contact actin through intermediate proteins, such ...
Pathology
Cellular Pathology
97c29203-f3dc-413f-b203-87c9b9667a5f
Nitric acid in synthesized from
L-arginine
L-citrulline
Lysine
Trptophan
0a
single
Ref-Sathyanarayana 4/e p387 Dietary supplements containing L-arginine have been marketed with the purpose of increasing vasodilatation, and thus, blood and oxygen supply to the exercising muscle. The present study evaluated the acute effect of L-arginine supplementation on indicators of NO production, nitrite (NO2-) + ...
Biochemistry
Metabolism of nucleic acids
d1f589a8-5765-48a6-85e0-3fe0fee222fc
Percentage of Normal dead space is:-
50-70
20-Oct
30-40
80-90
2c
single
Dead space - Some of the air a person breathes never reaches the gas exchange areas but simply fills respiratory passages where gas exchange does not occur, such as the nose, pharynx & trachea. - The air is called 'dead space air' because its not useful for gas exchange. - Normal tidal volume = 500 m - Normal dead spac...
Physiology
Respiratory System Pa 1
3c040c19-a9a7-4eef-b930-3468fb6086c8
tRNAf met would recognize:
AUG
UGC
GUG
GCU
0a
single
A i.e. AUG
Biochemistry
null
7a30aedb-4189-4bf5-8415-0a11fe1c0e11
Early strict toilet training can result in-
Nocturnal enuresis
Encopresis
Night terror
Temper tantrums
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Encopresis
Pediatrics
null
9b4fe9ae-b184-4743-b48a-8cb753d0c74d
A patient sustained blunt trauma to eye after that the developed sudden loss of vision with deep anterior chamber, Most likely cause is -
Lens dislocation
Berlin's oedema
Retinal haemorrhage
Recession of angle of AC
0a
single
Amongst the given options only two can cause deep anterior chamber :- Angle recession Dislocation of the lens In angle recession, glaucoma develops many years after the trauma and there is no sudden loss of vision. Dislocation of lens can cause sudden loss of vision immediately.
Ophthalmology
null
23f7f85f-7a92-4da7-b86f-d2fb6ef64bd0
Maximum oogonia can be seen in ovaries at :
5 th month of IUL
7 th month of IUL
At bih
At pubey
0a
single
Maximum number of oogonia are seen at 20 weeks - 6-7 million At bih number is 2 million At pubey - 3-5 lakhs Out of which 400-500 are destined to ovulate Ref: Datta textbook of Obstetrics -9e pg16.
Anatomy
General obstetrics
2f6c9f94-2f05-4780-9803-ce73e093e667
The health status of children between 0 and 4 years in a community will be adversely affected by all except-
Malnutrition
Bih weight of less than 2.5 Kg
Maternal hemoglobin 12 gm/dL
Infections
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Maternal hemoglobin 12gm/dL o Maternal health is a major determinant of nutritional status of children. Child's status is adversely affected if : Mother is malnourished (Anemic) Mother is - too young (under 18 years) Mother is - too old (over 35 years) Last child was born too close (Last child born le...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
2bd0d0c3-9956-47e2-961b-ef7d6a4f6ee8
Magendie foramen or the median apeure drains CSF from which of the following structures to the cisterna magna?
Lateral ventricle
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
Interpeduncular fossa
2c
single
The median apeure ("Foramen of Magendie") drains CSF from the fouh ventricle into the cisterna magna. Cisterna magna occupies the interval between inferior surface of cerebellum and posterior aspect of medulla oblongata. The two lateral apeures (foramina of Luschka), one on the left and one on the right, are the primar...
Anatomy
null
d88a58f2-f092-48bf-8677-90fd47872ce2
The power house of the cell is
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
2c
single
Aerobic organisms are able to capture a far greater propoion of the available free energy of respiratory substrates than anaerobic organisms. Most of this takes place inside mitochondria, which have been termed the "powerhouses" of the cell. Respiration is coupled to the generation of the high-energy intermediate, ATP,...
Biochemistry
Respiratory chain
38ad1077-2ba5-439f-b17b-c7681abbe4f7
In high spinal anaesthesia what is seen –
Hypotension & Bradycardia
Hypotension & Tachycardia
Hypertension & Bradycardia
Hypertension & Tachycardia
0a
single
Spinal anesthesia ascending into the cervical levels (high spinal anesthesia) causes severe hypotension, bradycardia and respiratory insufficiency.
Anaesthesia
null
05887181-4537-4491-ae5b-f65e6123b349
Absolute CONTRAINDICATION to lithium therapy is: March 2004
Pregnancy
Angioma
Glaucoma
Epilepsy
0a
single
Ans. A i.e. Pregnancy
Psychiatry
null
aede1d22-b740-45ac-88ff-d5fb3dbc7f0e
Anatomical snuff box contains:
Axillary nerve
Radial artery
Brachial artery
Ulnar artery
1b
single
Ans. B Radial arteryRef: BDC, 6th ed. vol. I pg. 22, 5th ed. pg. 102* The anatomical snuffbox is formed by the tendons of extensor polloicis longus and brevis, and abductor pollicis longus.* It has the radial artery running in the floor of the snuffbox, and the radial nerve passing to the dorsum of the hand.* Boundarie...
Anatomy
Hand
e9c0aa11-efe2-4bc0-b074-bee9f77c91e0
Complications of Hemithyroidectomy include all of the following except
Hypocalcemia
Wound hematoma
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
External branch of superior laryngeal nerve palsy
0a
multi
Hypocalcemia doesnot occur in hemithyroidectomy as the parathyroids in contralateral side are fully intact. Source : Sabiston 20th edition Pg :919
Surgery
Endocrinology and breast
b6d3b624-9652-44ec-87aa-9d19405b1fc2
Most common supratentorial tumour in children is -
Craniopharyngioma
Astrocytoma
Glioma
Meningioma
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Craniopharyngioma Most common supratentorial tumours in children is - Craniopharyngioma.
Pediatrics
null
6d25553f-2ac2-4da6-8b8c-01e5e8c58988
All of the following are involved in sperm pathway, except -
Efferent tubule
Afferent tubule
Rete testes
Epididymis
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Afferent tubule o The correct sequence of sperm movement from within testis to urethra isSeminiferous tubule - Straight tubule (Tubulirecti) - Rete testes - Efferent tubule - Epididymis - Vas (ductus) deferens - Ejaculatory duct - Prostatic urethrao Testis consists of 200-300 lobules. Each lobules con...
Anatomy
Male Genital System
01b1eb17-697b-4532-8493-f3c0682e8891
Horrok's apparatus determines Chloride which has to have a holding level of -
0.1 mg/L
1 mg/L
0.01 mg
0.5 mg/L
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 0.5 mg/L Horrock's apparatus is used to find out the dose of bleaching powder required for disinfection of water by chlorination. o The principle in chlorination is to ensure a free residual chlorine o10.5 mg/litre at the end of one hour contact.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
bdec0602-52fb-459f-bf9c-d586a102899a
Which is not a branch of cavernous part of internal carotid artery -
Cavernous branch
Inferior hypophyseal
Meningeal artery
Ophthalmic artery
3d
single
Branches of cavernous part of ICA are meningeal branch, hypophyseal branches and cavernous branch.
Anatomy
null
d0dc2871-4e13-4e18-9e0a-7f37d4c372c3
Commonest hypospadias is:
Penile
Glanular
Scrotal
Subcoronal
0a
single
Commonest is glanular Types of hypospadias Glanular Coronal Subcoronal Penile Penoscrotal Scrotal Perineal
Surgery
Urethra and penis
e20802e4-38bb-440e-9ae6-3f65f2d3cf48
The drug treatment in a female with complaints of occasional amenorrhea and milk ejection 5yrs after her last baby is born
Cabergoline
Atosiban
Methysergide
Ergotamine
0a
single
Cabergoline,pergolide,bromocriptine(Dopamine agonists) are used for hyperprolactinomaRef: KDT 6th ed P 236
Pharmacology
Endocrinology
fd93e0ca-6efd-4bb6-b211-d804c7760bdb
Commonest site of Ivory osteoma is
Frontal-Ethmodial region
Mandible
Maxilla
Spheroid
0a
single
Osteoma: They are most commonly seen in the frontal sinus followed in turn by those of ethmoid and maxillary. They may remain asymptomatic, being discovered incidentally on X-rays. Ref: Textbook of ENT, Dhingra; 6th edition; Pg no: 205 ref img
ENT
Miscellaneous ENT
a7a32e45-d70e-48d4-b474-fd80e9624488
Risk factor for bladder carcinoma is -
Clonorcis sinensis
Schistosoma hematobium
Plasmodium
None
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Schistosoma hematobium Risk factors for ca of BladderCigarette smoking is the main etiological factor and accounts for about 50% of bladder cancers.Occupational exposures to chemicalso The following compounds mav be carcinogenic # 2 naphthylamine-combustion gases and soot from coal# 4-aminobiphenyl-ch...
Surgery
Bladder Cancer
512e9824-55a9-42b6-989a-17fc92a4ccfc
The aery most commonly responsible for bleeding in massive hemoptysis is
Bronchial
Pulmonary
Intercostal
Intersegmental
0a
single
.
Anatomy
All India exam
d6cd6dea-cff1-4202-95b7-bcc387db9675
Most common organism responsible for, pseudomembranous colitis is:
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium botulism
Clostridium histolyticum
Clostridium butyricum
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Clostridium difficile(Ref: Harrison, 19th/e, p. 1091, 1092 and 17th/e, p. 819, 820; Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 265 and 8th/e, p. 263)* Pseudomembranous colitis is the advanced form of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD).* Pseudomembranous colitis is diagnosed by detection of one or both C d...
Microbiology
Bacteria
9fa866c3-7f06-4992-ad26-147a0e8fd233
The most severe form of respiratory complication in influenza virus infection is:
Primary viral pneumonia
Secondary pseudomonal pneumonia
Acute pneumatocele
Bilateral pleural effusion
0a
single
Primary influenza viral pneumonia is the least common but most severe of the pneumonic complications. The most common bacterial pathogens causing secondary bacterial pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae. Ref:Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Pa...
Medicine
null
ffc37c4f-6c0f-4cb2-8cf2-abd2349316d0
Blood supply of stomach is/are:
Left gastric aery
Sho gastric aery
Lt gastroepiploic aery
All
3d
multi
A. i.e. Left gastric aery; B. i.e. Sho gastric aery; C. i.e. Left gastroepiploic aery
Anatomy
null
58ceda76-b5e1-47ce-b1cf-8f7fb06115a2
ADH is secreted by?
Supraoptic nucleus
Paraventricular nucleus
Neurohypophysis
Adenohypophysis
0a
single
ANSWER: (A) Supraoptic nucleusREF: Ganongs 22nd ed p. 243, Handbook of Human Physiology by Vidya Ratan page 302The hormones of posterior pituitary gland (vasipressin St oxytocin) are secreted by neurosecretory cells (in hypothalamus) of supraoptic nucleus (secretes vasopressin AKA- ADH) and paraventricular nucleus (sec...
Physiology
Pituitary
6095a0a0-47ca-443b-a918-7fcab76ae039
Buprenorphine is classified as:-
Agonist and antagonist at mu receptors
Antagonist at mu receptors
Full agonist at mu receptors
Paial agonist at mu receptors
3d
single
Buprenorphine is paial agonist at mu receptor with kappa and delta antagonistic propey. It is useful as an analgesic and as an alternative to methadone for the management of opioid withdrawal. Nalbuphine, pentazocine and dezocine are k agonists and m receptor antagonists. These drugs can produce psychomimetic effects w...
Pharmacology
Opioids and Alcohols
129da013-c4fd-45d7-be76-5a09e3861176
Highly selective proteinuria is seen in
Minimal change
Mesangial proliferative nephritis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Focal glomerulosclerosis
0a
single
Loss of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) polyanion has been proposed as a cause of the selective proteinuria in minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS).The exact role of charge selectivity in the pathogenesis of nephrotic proteinuria remains controversial Proteinuria that is more than 85% albumin is selective protei...
Medicine
Kidney
cdb83f7f-d27f-4620-9dab-98d792419a40
Foam based fluoride solution has the following advantage EXCEPT-
Minimize the risk of fluoride over dosage
It is much lighter than a conventional gel
The surfactant in the foaming agent has a cleansing action by increasing the surface tension
Used in patients where saliva evacuation may not be feasible.
2c
multi
Foam based agents were developed in an attempt to minimize the risk of fluoride over dosage as well as to maintain the efficacy of topical fluoride treatment. The advantages of foam - based APF agents are : 1. It is much lighter than a conventional gel and therefore only a small amount of the agent is needed for topica...
Dental
null
8fd1fa0c-adca-4e9f-b5f4-fa94af374688
"Potter's syndrome" is associated with
Renal anomalies
Severe oligohydramnio's
Flattened nose
All of the above
3d
multi
JCDR - Potter's Syndrome, oligohydramnios, Potter's facies, pulmonary hypoplasia. Potter's Syndrome is a rare congenital disorder which is diagnosed at birth. It refers to a group of findings which are associated with the lack of amniotic fluid due to renal failure in an unborn infant.
Pediatrics
null
1f034f37-1169-460b-b588-3f9f4001284f
In cotrimoxazole, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim are in ratio of:
2:01
1:01
5:01
4:05
2c
single
5:01
Pharmacology
null
93064199-7ca1-4827-8342-408e56fb367a
The lymphatic drainage of cervix is as follows except :
Glands of parametrium
Hypogastric gland
Glands of cloquet
Lateral sacral group
2c
multi
Glands of cloquet
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
1e4d05ac-cdfc-4db7-a3db-b35a2218b255
Detonator cap situated at :
Top of the bullet
Side of the bullet case
Base of the rim
None of them
2c
multi
C i.e. Base of rim
Forensic Medicine
null
b00a5749-8bdd-475e-b429-e55cf18ef0e7
Valve of Rosenmuller is located at
Cystic duct
Opening of nasolacrimal duct
Junction of lacrimal sac and canaliculus
Ampulla of vater
2c
single
A fold of mucous membrane found at the junction between the common canaliculus and the lacrimal sac. It is not strictly a valve because fluids can be blown back to emerge at the puncta. It is not always fully developed. ref -medscape.com
Anatomy
Head and neck
1aedc7eb-6769-4e92-9324-cdc550f32331
A 50 year old man has presented with pain in back, lack of interest in recreational activities, low mood, lethargy, decreased sleep and appetite for two months. There was no history suggestive of delusions or hallucinations. He did not suffer from any chronic medical illness. There was no fami-ly history of psychiatric...
Haloparidol
Seraline
Alprazolam
Olanzapine
1b
multi
B i.e. Seraline
Psychiatry
null
bf82a213-4557-4e87-8664-a2b34287a2f5
All true regarding Retrobulbar block except?
Can be given in patients with bleeding disorders
Risk of Perforation of the globe
Injected behind the eye into the cone formed by the extraocular muscles
M/C complication is Retrobulbar hemorrhage
0a
multi
In this technique, local anesthetic is injected behind the eye into the cone formed by the extraocular muscles and a facial nerveblock is utilized to prevent blinking A successful retrobulbar block is accompanied by anesthesia, akinesia, and abolishment of the oculocephalic reflex. Complications Retrobulbar hemorrhage(...
Anaesthesia
Regional Anesthesia
89b9b985-47c2-4f52-b0d5-901c19fc22fa
All are impoant laboratory features of hereditary spherocytosis, EXCEPT:
Reduced MCHC
Normocytic anemia
Positive pink test
Normal WBC count
0a
multi
Laboratory diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis The anemia is usually normocytic. Increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)- (The only condition in which an increased MCHC is seen.) The diagnosis is on the basis of red cell morphology and osmotic fragility, a modified version called the pink test. R...
Medicine
null
580fc693-8ba7-4326-94fe-3218481428bb
True statement about glycolysis is:
Occurs in mitochondria
Complete breakdown of glucose
Conversion of glucose to 3C units
3 ATPs are used in anaerobic pathway
2c
multi
Option 1. Glycolysis occur in cytosol. Option 2. Complete breakdown of glucose happens when pyruvate formed by glycolysis undergo pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, followed by TCA Cycle. Option 4. In anaerobic glycolysis. Number of ATPs produced is 4. Number of ATPs used is 2. Net ATP yield by anaerobic glycolysis is 2...
Biochemistry
null
621951f7-71e2-4c2e-ad71-457e0fcb6944
Normal CSF protein measured at basal cistern is
0-- 10 mg/dL
20 -- 50 mg/dL
10 -- 25mg/dL
More than 100 mg/dL
1b
single
(B) 20-50 mg/dL CEREBROSPINAL FLUIDConstituentReference RangeSI UnitsConventional UnitsOsmolarity292-297 mmol/kg water292-297 mOsm/LElectrolytes * Sodium137-145 mmol/L137-145 meq/L* Potassium2.7-3.9 mmol/L2.7-3.9 meq/L* Calcium1.0-1.5 mmol/L2.1-3.0 meq/L* Magnesium1.0-1.2 mmol/L2.0-2.5 meq/L* Chloride116-122 mmol/L116-...
Physiology
Misc.
9a5cc08f-cb0c-4163-9c0a-4d1a0578f71c
Pigmentation and icthyosis are side effects of ?
Clofazamine
Rifampicin
Dapsone
Ethionamide
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Clofazamine Clofazimine Clofazimine is a leprostatic drug. It acts by interfering the template function of DNA. Adverse effects of clofazimine
Pharmacology
null
6bfe17a2-c94f-467f-9c37-1c03f8c43b6f
Prader villi syndrome is an example of?
Digenic inheritance
Translocation
Genomic imprinting
Trisomy
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Genomic imprinting Genomic imprinting* A person inherits two copies of their genes, one from mother and one from father. Usually both alleles of gene are active in cells. However, in some cases, one of the allele (either maternal or paternal) is silenced and only the counterpart remains active.* Thus ...
Pathology
Genetics
f610102e-f97e-42ef-93c3-38d5700b1df4
Most common risk factor for breech presentation is:
Prematurity
Post-maturity
DM
Osteomalacia
0a
single
Risk factors for Breech presentation - Prematurity (Most common Risk factor) Increased amniotic fluid volume Multifetal gestation Hydrocephaly Anencephaly Uterine anomalies Placenta pre Fundal placental implantation Pelvic tumors High parity with uterine relaxation Prior breech delivery
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Labour - normal, abnormal, malposition, malpresentation and their management
f12ace64-2538-49ea-8132-3493b641f355
Most characteristic of megaloblastic anemia ?
Target cell
Macrocyte
Microovalocyte
Macroovalocyte
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Macroovalocyte
Pathology
null
00b8b78d-49a1-4547-827c-75c10aa2f2b5
In acute anterior uveitis, pupil is -
Oval
Circular
Small, irregular
Any of the above
2c
multi
Pupillary signs 1. Narrow pupil: It occurs in acute attack of iridocyclitis due to irritation of sphincter pupillae by toxins. Iris oedema and engorged radial vessels of iris also contribute in making the pupil narrow. 2. Irregular pupil shape: It results from segmental posterior synechiae formation. Dilatation of pupi...
Ophthalmology
Uveal tract
1271d8d9-1141-4943-8cdb-6c0227b2be57
Inactive precursors of enzymes are known as:
Apo enzymes
Coenzymes
Proenzymes
Holoenzymes
2c
single
Ans. C. ProenzymesProenzymes or zymogens are inactive enzymes which undergo irreversible covalent activation by the breakdown of one or more peptide bonds. For example, Chymotrypsin, pepsinogen and plasminogen are proenzymes that are converted to active enzymes chymotrypsin, pepsin and plasmin respectively.
Biochemistry
Enzymes
e25efeca-817c-4a7b-bcf6-33abe87848b5
Maxillary sinus incision is known as?
Lynch Howrath incision
Weber Ferguson incision
Crile's Y incision
Schobinger's incision
1b
single
ANSWER: (B) Weber Ferguson incisionREF: Atlas of head & neck surgery - otolaryngology 2nd edition by Byron J. Baileypage 26Repeat ENT 2013 Session 1, June 2009
ENT
Operative Surgery
29b67df8-c8e0-4768-86db-8abe0ef6824a
One of your staff nurse had a deep prick from the needle used to inject an HIV positive individual. What is the treatment regime that should be staed in her/him? Note that drug resistance was suspected in the HIV patient. \r\n
2 NIs for 3 months
1 NI and 1 NtI for 28 days
2 NIs + 1 protease inhibitor for 28 days
2 protease inhibitor + 2 NtIs for 3 months
2c
single
In this scenario ARVs should be initiated as soon as possible and no later than 72 hours. It should include 2 NI drugs. If drug resistance is suspected a protease inhibitor should also be added. The duration of treatment is 28 days. If the blood sample drawn from the exposed person is HIV negative at the time of exposu...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
0d2add3d-c264-4bb5-99bd-b5a219f988a0
FNAC is contraindicated in
Disseminated malignancy
Bleeding disorders
Lymph node malignancy
Liver disorders
1b
single
(Bleeding disorders): (214-Baily & Love 26th edition; 467-690- H18th)FNAC - generally obtains only a suspension of cells from within a mass* This procedure is minimally invasive, and if positive or cancer it may allow inception of systemic treatment when metastatic disease is evident or it can provide a basis for plann...
Surgery
Neoplasia
185eabeb-a945-4e11-b99c-8e6e57f25146
Which of the following pathways is activated by insulin?
Ketone body synthesis
Gluconeogenesis
Glycolysis
β oxidation
1b
single
Insulin activates all anabolic pathways and also Glycolysis and PDH complex reaction. Insulinacts by dephosphorylation. Glycagon acts by phosphorylation.
Biochemistry
null
48c061d9-ac28-4083-9ad6-5d6e970eab2c
With regards to hereditary spherocytosis, which of the following is false -
Usually has autosomal dominant inheritance
Caused by mutations in genes for proteins such as spectrin, ankrin or band 3
Red blood cells are destroyed in the spleen
Aplastic crises are common
3d
multi
Ans, is 'd' i.e., Aplastic Crisis are common o Aplastic crisis are a rare/uncommon complication of Hereditary Spherocytosis typically caused bv virailv induced bone marrow suppression.The most common aetiological agent that induces Aplastic Crisis in patients with Hereditary Spherocytosis is Parvovirus B19o Hereditary ...
Medicine
Anemia and RBC Disorders
b41ed9f3-2147-4763-9cd0-2a5838b563b7
Common location of thoracic pheochromocytoma:-
Anterior mediastinum
Posterior mediastinum
Middle mediastinum
Superior mediastinum
1b
single
"The posterior mediastinum is the usual site of intrathoracic pheochromocytoma. They have also rarely been repoed to occur in the middle mediastinum, with involvement of the left atrial wall or interatrial septum and aoic arch"
Surgery
Thorax And Mediastinum
4282a8dc-7387-4f7c-add1-049b218e228d
Gamekeepers thumb is
Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament rupture
Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint radial collateral ligament rupture
Thumb interphalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament rupture
Thumb interphalangeal joint radial collateral ligament rupture
0a
single
Injury to the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament is commonly referred to as gamekeeper thumb or skier's thumb, although the original "gamekeeper" description (Campbell, 1955) referred to an attritional ulnar collate-earl ligament injurySnow skiing accidents and falls on an outstretched hand with ...
Orthopaedics
All India exam
3dd80f28-d2ff-46c3-bc89-dd8f1e92cfe0
Type IIa GIC is used for:
Luting crowns, bridges and orthodontic brackets
Esthetic restorative cements
Reinforced restorative cements
Lining cements
1b
single
Type I: Luting crowns, bridges, and orthodontic brackets. Type IIa: Esthetic restorative cements. Type IIb: Reinforced restorative cements. Type III: Lining cements, base. Ref: Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials ed 12 pg 320
Dental
null
afc3e0ac-26cc-4e2f-8314-550bc09da5a7
Unilateral elevation of diaphragm is commonly due to – a) Obesityb) Large liverc) Scoliosisd) Congenital causes
a
c
bc
ad
2c
single
Scoliosis can cause unilateral elevation of hemidiaphragm. Obesity and hepatomegaly cause bilateral elevation of hemidiaphragm. Option 'b' requires specific mention here :- Hepatomegaly (large liver) causes bilateral elevation of hemidiaphragm because normal liver is under both the dome of diaphragms. Therefore, enlar...
Radiology
null
e5756ed7-63b1-4d38-ac65-14ccf1b619b4
When do you operate for prolapsed disc ?
Busy executive needs quick surgery
Only with weakness no pain
Severe pain interfering with activity and not relieved by rest and treatment of 8 weeks
Patient of PID with difficulty in ambulation
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Severe pain interfering with activity and not relieved by rest and treatment of 8 weeks Indications for surgery in cases of Prolapsed interveebral disc are :- i) Failure of conservative treatment (even after 8 weeks of treatment). ii) Progressive neurological deficit. iii) Cauda - equina syndrome. iv)...
Surgery
null
287be8fe-d5d5-4094-911c-7256ff5949aa
Drug of choice for Restless leg syndrome
Febuxostat
Diazepam
Ropinirole
Baclofen
2c
single
Ropinirole which is a dopamine agonist is the drug of choice for Restless leg syndrome.
Psychiatry
null
923a44c4-84ec-4b3d-996a-8051a6194399
Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with the use of which of the following drugs?
Bleomycin
Cisplatin
Methotrexate
Actinomycin D
0a
single
Out of all the options given bleomycin and methotrexate can cause pulmonary toxicity. But pulmonary fibrosis is the most feared complication of Bleomycin. Ref: Harrison's 16th Edition, Page 471 (table 70-2); Drug-Induced Diseases: Prevention, Detection, and Management, By James E. Tisdale, Douglas A. Miller, Page 360, ...
Medicine
null
f01b598b-9449-48b3-b412-caed20921a96
Which of this is NOT a sexual disorder?
Trafficking
Voyeurism
Adultery
Sexual harassment
0a
single
(A) Trafficking# HUMAN TRAFFICKING> It is the trade of humans, most commonly for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others.> May encompass providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the extraction of organs or tissues, including for surrog...
Forensic Medicine
Misc.
1e15b4c7-03d7-4ff0-95fe-53c7621cdc4a
Concentration of adrenaline used with lidocaine is?
0.180555556
1.430555556
1:20000
1:200000
3d
single
(334) 1 in 200000 REF: Miller 6th ed p. 589 USES AND DOSES OF ADRENALINE: USE DOSE Anaphylaxis SC or IM injection is 0.3-0.5 mg 1:1,000 Croup Racemic adrenaline is a 1:1 mixture of the dextrototary (d) and levorotatory (1) isomers of adrenaline Local anesthetics 1 in 200000
Anaesthesia
null
3ca0f1ea-1401-49a8-8b07-b469c882e328
Which of the following is not seen in Alpo's disease ?
Hematuria
Lenticonus
AR inferitance
Massive proteinuria
3d
single
mild proteinuria is seen in alpos syndrome <1-2g/24hrs,appears late in the course of disease. Other features are:hematuria lenticonus, sensorineural deafness x-linked AR, AD inheritance are seen. Ref:Harrison 20th edition
Medicine
Kidney
c29c5879-3c24-4c77-a264-4fe138d628e7
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are not used in
Anticholinergic poisoning
Carbamate poisoning
Cobra bite
Glaucoma
1b
single
Carbamate and OP compounds are acetylcholinesterases. Oximes are used in op poisioning where as in carbamates poisioning oximes are not effective. Ref: KDT 6th ed pg 105
Pharmacology
Autonomic nervous system