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4df0486d-1aba-4df0-9a1f-fd86bb8acc9a | Which of the following structure is not present on floor of third ventricle? | Optic stalk | Third nerve | Infundibulum | Mammillary body | 1b | single | Answer- B (Third nerve)The third nerve (Oculomotor) does not form the floor of the third ventricle although it lies in close relation to the floor.The anterior wall of the third ventricle is formed by Lamina terminalis, Anterior commissure, Anterior columns of the fornixThe posterior wall is formed by the Pineal body, ... | Anatomy | null |
f8d007a2-5b7d-42a2-84f0-3f73aee7c754 | Mycetoma is caused by the following agents except?Allescheria boydii | Allescheria boydii | Madurella mycetomii | Trichosporum beigelli | Nocardia asteroides | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Trichosporum beigelli | Microbiology | null |
747f2499-ee21-4bdf-8039-ff8d13307ddd | Vertical measure in mm from granular cell layer to the deepest part of tumour used in Melanoma for prognosis is | Breslow s method | Clarks s method | Thomas method | Ashpit s method | 0a | single | Breslow s thickness less than 1.7mm carries favorable prognosis. | Pathology | null |
9cca64a6-8838-4636-b5f2-84ae8e07ee08 | Which does not cause Tinea Capitis | Epidermophyton | Microsporum | Trichophyton Rubrum | Trichophyton Violaceum/Schoenleinii | 0a | single | A i.e. Epidermophyton | Skin | null |
91ca5076-4bbc-4a0f-9988-e8521065808c | True about enzyme specificity: | Amount of enzyme required per second, per mole or product formation | Number of sites per substrate | Amount of enzyme binding with various substrates | Amount of enzyme causing transformation of 1 mol of substrate per minute under standard condition | 3d | multi | The specific activity of enzyme is usually expressed as p mol of substrate transformed to product per minute per milligram of enzymes under optimal condition of measurement.1 international unit (IU) =1 micromole / minuteModern unit of enzyme activity, 1 katals (kat) =1 mole/second (i.e. conservation of 1 moles of subst... | Biochemistry | null |
7f53e3cf-bd65-4b31-b9c1-9a19fc7f6798 | Substrate level phosphorylation in citric acid cycle is catalysed by ? | Pyruvate kinase | Phosphoglycerate kinase | Malate dehydrogenase | Succinate thiokinase | 3d | single | There are 2 types of phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.1) Substrate level phosphorylation2) Oxidative phosphorylation at respiratory chain levelSubstrate level phosphorylation is the production of ATP at the substrate level without paicipation of ETC.It occurs in TCA cycle and glycolysis | Biochemistry | null |
22076fc7-5268-418b-881e-719ccc232656 | All float in a saturated salt solution except - | Clonorchis sinensis | Feilised eggs of ascarsis | Larva of strongyloids | Trichuris trichura | 0a | multi | The eggs of clonorchis may be demonstrated in feces or aspirated bile. They do not float in concentrated saline. REF:TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY;CKJ PANIKER;6TH EDITION;PAGE NO127 | Microbiology | parasitology |
8aae916f-0871-49a4-8344-6237fe33ee7a | All of the following are true of D.I.C. except: | Platelet aggregation | Fibrin deposition in microcirculation | Decreased fibrinogen products | Release of tissue factor | 2c | multi | Decreased fibrinogen products | Pathology | null |
d6c2d6dc-a9d8-4ded-8de8-e053bba982de | 'Second gas effect' is exerted by which of the following gas when co-administered with halothane: | Nitrous oxide | Cyclopropane | Nitrogen | Helium | 0a | single | Concentration-effect, second gas effect and diffusion hypoxia are seen with inhalational agents used in high concentrations (like N2O). | Pharmacology | null |
6b925c93-0e35-4774-9b71-4084bd078283 | Antimalarial of choice in a pregnant woman (I timester) who is chloroquine resistant is? | Quinine | Proguanil | Dapsone & pyrimethamine | Mefloquine | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Quinine "Quinine is the only widely available drug that is acceptable as suitable for treating chloroquine - resistant infections during pregnancy". | Pharmacology | null |
5a46ace4-a236-4f54-8129-2d18ad8c6e22 | Most common cause of urethral structure is | Infection | Trauma | Conjenital | None of the above | 1b | multi | Most common cause of urethral structural is trauma >> infection. | Surgery | null |
7f1d31df-f03d-41ff-9a47-19ba9530c392 | Ten years after diagnosis of total proctocolitis this patient undergoes colonoscopy and biopsy reveals high-grade dysplasia in 2-10 specimens. What should the physician recommend? | Repeat colonoscopy in 1 year | Increase steroid dosage | Early repeat colonoscopy and biopsy area again | Total proctocolectomy | 3d | single | Risk of dysplasia and colorectal cancer is higher in ulcerative colitis than in the general population. The severity, duration, and anatomic extent of the inflammation are risk factors for the development of dysplasia and cancer. These cancers do not seem to follow the adenoma carcinoma sequence and can arise in flat m... | Surgery | Small & Large Intestine |
62cf87c0-7c47-4457-9a05-600225d255ed | Sexual gratification of a women is obtained by another woman is called ? | Tribadism | Bestiality | Fellatio | Cunnilingus | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Tribadism Tribadism (Lesbianism or female homosexuality) : Sexual gratification of a women is obtained by another woman by kissing, body contact, manipulation of breast and genitalia.Active paner is called dyke or butch and the passive agent is called femme. This is not an offence in India. | Forensic Medicine | null |
4fec3e84-b821-4da3-b300-dc0ad6c32608 | Which of the following is anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive neoplasm? | Synol sarcoma | Fibromatosis | Ewing sarcoma | Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor | 3d | single | Answer- D. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumorInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive neoplasm.Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, though rare, is more common in children, with an equal male-to-female ratio.Presenting symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, and hemopytsis. It m... | Pathology | null |
9e7486e0-51bb-4d97-86c2-1c0740d52e51 | Which one of the following is not used to treat leishmaniasis ? | Pentamidine | Miltefosine | Dapsone | Cyclosporine | 3d | single | Pentamidine inhibits growth of protozoa by interacting with trypanosomal kinetoplast DNA and interferes with polyamine synthesis by a decrease in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase. Miltefosine has antiproliferative activity against leishmaniasis as well as against other trypanosome parasites.Mechanism is likely d... | Pharmacology | null |
7282c732-2e2d-4e8e-9362-bbacd811de2d | Which type of same can be used to isolate polio virus earliest | Stool | Blood | Throat | CSF | 0a | single | Stool examination Isolation of wild polio virus from stool is 'the recommended method for laboratory confirmation of paralytic poliomyelitis' Recommended in every case of AFP Virus usually can be found in the feces from onset to up to <8 weeks after paralysis, with the highest probability of detection during the first ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
dd052ec5-2dcf-45e2-a0cb-0ad2a33177ab | From which of the following routes, absorption of local anaesthetic is maximum? | Intercostal | Epidural | Brachial | Caudal | 0a | single | Intercostal nerve block (abbreted ICNB) is a nerve block which temporarily or permanently interrupts the flow of signals along an intercostal nerve, usually performed to relieve pain. | Pharmacology | Anesthesia |
a8e533b0-9384-417a-bbf9-8e2c89c67bf5 | Which of the following is false regarding acute conjuctivitis | Vision is not affected | Cornea is infiltrated | Topical antibiotics is the treatment of choice | Pupil is not affected | 0a | multi | Among all four options, option A seems the most appropriate as any corneal infiltration will lead to decreased vision though in conjunctivitis it is commonly reversible Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 76 | Ophthalmology | Conjunctiva |
ffd274eb-3bd4-4679-9b9f-9a67d7a19674 | The secondary flare is necessary for several reasons. Which of the following statements is not true? | Makes the proximal margins more | The direction of the flare results in 100-degree marginal metal | Metal with this angular design is burnishable | A more blunted and stronger enamel margin is produced because of the secondary flare | 1b | multi | The secondary flare is necessary for several reasons:
The secondary flaring of the proximal walls extends margins into the embrasures, making these margins more self-cleansing and more accessible to finishing procedures during the inlay insertion appointment and does so with conservation of dentin.
The direction of th... | Dental | null |
efc04757-350f-4c6e-a47e-cc695ee639fd | A 24 year old male patient complains of yellowish discoloration of the teeth. Intra-oral examination reveals generalized grade 1 tetracycline stains and proximal caries was present with 22. Composite restoration in this patient is delayed for atleast _____ after bleaching. | 3 days | 1 week | 10 days | 1 month | 1b | single | With all bleaching techniques, a transitory decrease occurs in the potential bond strength of composite when it is applied to bleached enamel and dentin. This reduction in bond strength results from residual oxygen or peroxide residue in the tooth that inhibits the setting of the bonding resin, precluding adequate resi... | Dental | null |
91a573ad-6d70-4da9-8a82-fc962b10e9e0 | Toxic shock syndrome caused by staphylococcus is due to | Hemolytic antigen | Super antigens | Hyaluronidase | Coagulase | 1b | single | Staphylococcal infections Staphylococci are usually found colonising the anterior nares and skin. Some staphylococci produce coagulase, an enzyme that conves fibrinogen to fibrin in rabbit plasma, causing it to clot. Staph. aureus is coagulase-positive, and most other species are coagulase-negative. In modern laborator... | Medicine | Infection |
1a6c5c63-63cd-4aae-93b8-098785977e3b | True about glucagon | Hyperglycemia stimulate its release | Has no effect in muscle glycogenolysis | Stimulates glycolysis | Inhibits gluconeogenesis | 1b | multi | Glucagon - a polypeptide hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in response to hypoglycemia or stimulation by growth hormone. It increases blood glucose concentration by stimulating glycogenolysis in the liver and can be administered parenterally to relieve severe hypoglycemia from any cause, e... | Physiology | Endocrinology |
60ae9b46-b76a-4986-b466-f4a62dc5e33b | Most commonly this tumour is due to carcinoma of | Stomach | Breast | Colon | Uterus | 0a | single | Transperitoneal implantation of the carcinoma of the stomach may occur in which the carcinoma cells pass from, stomach into the peritoneal cavity; they "gravitate" into the pelvis where the secondaries palpable on rectal examination I may develop. In females, occasionally, they "alight" upon the ovaries giving rise to ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Gynaecological oncology |
32e20ffa-c3b7-4bb1-a29f-900df86ffa87 | In essential hypeention changes seen in the hea are- | Cardiac cell hyperplasia | Cardiac cell hyperophy | increse in the mitochondrial number | Increase in size of mitochondria | 1b | single | Essential hypeension tends to be familial and is likely to be the consequence of an interaction between environmental and genetic factors. The prevalence of essential hypeension increases with age, and individuals with relatively high blood pressures at younger ages are at increased risk for the subsequent development ... | Medicine | C.V.S |
53953ea2-8dff-47e9-874b-5164be2c3550 | Which has worst prognosis in CLL? | 11q Deletion | 12q Trisomy | 17p Deletion | 13q Deletion | 2c | single | 13q deletion : Indolent course ; good prognosis Trisomy 12 : Intermediate prognosis 11q deletion : Poor prognosis 17p deletion : Poorest prognosis | Medicine | CLL & CML |
f4091af1-ed63-4276-a495-3624b8a74981 | After application of one stimulus, the time period in which the second stronger stimuli can from an impulse is called | Absolute refractory period | Relative refraction period | Latent refractory period | Local response | 1b | multi | Ans. (b) Relative refraction period(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.90)Absolute refractory period - No stimulus, no matter how strong, will not excite the nerve during absolute refractory periodRelative refractory period - Stronger than normal stimulus (suprathreshold stimulus) produces action potential in relative refractory p... | Physiology | Nervous System |
9ad66af7-75ed-4a53-84f9-5cff732aeca1 | Total parathyroid gland in our body are? | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3d | single | ANSWER: (D) 4REF: Gray's Anatomy 40th ed Ch: 32Parathyroid glands:The parathyroid glands are small, yellowish-brown, ovoid or lentiform structures, usually lying between the posterior lobar borders of the thyroid gland and its capsule.They are commonly 6 mm long, 3-4 mm across, and 1-2 mm from back to front, each weigh... | Anatomy | Thyroid Gland |
acdeecf1-885c-4f78-8750-378141419f88 | Hirschsprung disease is due to | Failure of migration of Neural crest cells | due to loss of crypts | due to mucosa thickening | none | 0a | multi | The enteric nervous system is the pa of the autonomic nervous system that directly controls the gastrointestinal tract. Derived from a multipotent, migratory cell population called the neural crest, a complete enteric nervous system is necessary for proper gut function. Disorders that arise as a consequence of defectiv... | Medicine | All India exam |
0c573d26-826f-4d2f-9970-09015c017fe1 | Characteristic renal biopsy immunofluorescence findings that leads to diagnosis of Berger disease is: | Predominantly deposition on IgA in subepithelial region | Predominantly deposition on IgG in subendothelial region | Predominantly deposition on IgG in glomerular basement membrane | Predominantly deposition on IgA in mesangium | 3d | single | IgA nephropathy (Berger Disease) It is the most common type of glomerulonephritis worldwide. Characterized by the presence of prominent IgA deposits in the mesangial regions and recurrent hematuria. Caused due to deposition of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 / abnormal IgA containing immune complex in the mesangium. C3 de... | Pathology | Glomerulonephritis |
021bdf86-5962-48db-9d9f-2f0af0616b36 | Romana's sign is seen is | T. Brucei Gambiense | T. Brucei Rhodesiense | T. Cruzi | None of the above | 2c | multi | Romana's sign - Periorbital edema seen in Trypanosoma Cruzi. | Microbiology | null |
8aa7dc8e-3356-46a5-94a4-0185b5097e56 | Radical dissection of neck includes all except ? | Cervical lymph nodes | Sternocleido mastoid | Phrenic nerves | Internal jugular vein | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Phrenic nerves | Surgery | null |
dc6dfe8c-caf8-4cf6-81e8-db4dfaad2d24 | Cytogenetics for synovial cell sarcoma | t (9,22) | t (11,14) | t (8,14) | t (x,18) | 3d | single | t (x,18) is seen in synovial cell sarcoma and it produces fusion genes like SS18-SSXl-SSX2-SSX4 | Pathology | null |
cc57cb70-6450-44bd-9a95-4ff3b9b691ba | True statements regarding octreotide are all of the following except: September 2009 | Synthetic octapeptide | Used in variceal bleeding | Contraindicated in acromegaly | Useful in secretory diarrhea | 2c | multi | Ans. C: Contraindicated in Acromegaly Octreotide is an synthetic octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically, though it is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than the natural hormone. Salt form of this peptide, octreotide acetate, is used as an injectable depot formulati... | Pharmacology | null |
c23c41f1-22f3-4e30-9a80-49c0c5371d44 | Substance P is increased is response pain in periphery by which of the following? | Mast cells | Endothelium | Plasma | Nerve terminals | 3d | single | Ans. (d) Nerve terminals(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.141)Substance P#Location- primary afferent neurons in the spinal cord, nigrostriatal system, hypothalamus#Responsible for axon reflex, peristalsis, pain transmission#Receptors- neurokinin receptors (NK1 -NK3 ) | Physiology | Nervous System |
c7a6bc03-7c65-4e3d-a52a-564e5d2c4e43 | An elderly male admitted for pneumonia presents with diarrhoea and gripping abdominal pain five days after discharge from hospital. Drug which is likely to benefit is | Imodium | Metronidazole | Diphenoxylate | Levofloxacin | 3d | single | The macrolides (especially azithromycin) and the respiratory quinolones are now the antibiotics of choice and are effective as monotherapy. Compared with erythromycin, the newer macrolides have superior in vitro activity, display greater intracellular activity, reach higher concentrations in respiratory secretions and ... | Anatomy | Respiratory system |
cdc43d81-8c6e-4288-8f78-ecbccddc3163 | Active search for disease in an apparently healthy individual is k/a- | Monitoring | Case finding | Screening | Sentinel surveillance | 2c | single | Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 135 Screening test is not intended to be a diagnostic test. It helps us find out the hidden cases. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Screening |
2234f547-f633-47ba-8dc4-18a3f5b7fc80 | Patient with stab injury to the lower chest presented with low pulses and BP improved after giving IV fluids. Chest X-ray showed clear lung fields. Next step in the management: | Chest tube inseion | CECT abdomen | CECT chest | E- fast | 3d | multi | STAB INJURY- we will go for E-FAST (extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma), non invasive,can easily assess thorax, can easily differentiate whether there is contusion or presence of blood FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma)- It is an Emergency ultra sound i.e. performed very fast - Ass... | Surgery | NEET Jan 2020 |
0f9a8d24-4638-4ceb-a452-ddd48f79a688 | Assessment and aiding for development of funds for the National Blindness Control Programme is done by | WHO | UNICEF | DANIDA | World Bank | 3d | single | Funding for the NPCB- The allocation of funds for the NPCB increased with the sta of the World Bank-financed Project in 1995. | Pathology | All India exam |
b78f97fb-98a9-44ba-965b-9fed1f6bb064 | Most common testicular tumor in prepubeal adults is | Yolk sac tumor | Embryonal cell Ca | Seminoma | Teratoma | 0a | single | .Seminoma Testis * Stas in the mediastinum of testis. * Grossly it is lobulated, fleshy, homogenous, creamy or pinkish in colour and it compresses adjacent testicular tissue. * Histologically, malignant cells resemble spermatocytes which are cells containing clear cytoplasm with large nucleus, and are arranged in sheet... | Surgery | Urology |
23f29ea8-3fb9-4178-8b04-c8c81327efe2 | Urothelium lines all except ? | Ureters | Minor calyx | Urinary bladder | Collecting duct | 3d | multi | Urothelium lines much of the urinary tract, extending from the ends of the collecting ducts of the kidneys. through renal calyces, pelvis, ureters and bladder to the proximal poion of the urethra. Urothelium or transitional epithelium has the ability to stretch greatly without loosing its integrity. Thus the urinary or... | Anatomy | null |
361bcc03-ebc5-434e-a83c-e653a26271b7 | The ureter is identified at operation by: | Rich arterial plexus | Peristaltic movement | Relation to lumber plexus | Accompanied by renal vein | 1b | single | At operation, the ureter is recognized by:
Its pale glistening appearance
By a fine longitudinal plexus of vessels on its surface
More particularly by its peristaltic movement
By palpation between finger and thumb as a firm cord which, when escapes, gives a characteristic 'snap'.
The absence of pulsation does not ser... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
16aa9fea-5df9-4919-8967-47f36f8026b7 | A 55 year old man who has been on bed rest for the past 10 days, complain of breathlessness and chest pain. The chest x-ray is normal. The next step in investigation should be: | Lung ventilation - perfusion scan | Pulmonary aeriography | Pulmonary venous wedge angiography | Echocardiography | 0a | multi | A i.e. Lung Ventilation Perfusion Scan The h/O breathlessness & chest pain after 10 days of bed rest points towards diagnosis of Pulmonary thromboembolism. So for diagnosing PTE the Vt screening investigation is Ventilation perfusion scanQ and the best/gold standard investigation is Pulmonary angiographyQ | Radiology | null |
5abd83e7-b0f9-414e-adfd-e271ecc5f57c | Cystatin C is a novel marker of - | Fatty liver | Vitamin K status | Glomerular filtration | Cholestasis | 2c | single | Cystatin C, a marker for early-stage chronic kidney dysfunction, mediates the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Cystatin C is a low-molecular protein (13.4 kDa) that is synthesized at a constant rate in all nucleated cells. Cystatin C is freely filtered through the glomerulus and then reabsorbed and fully catabo... | Pathology | miscellaneous |
c0c3c9a6-c320-44e6-bc99-d4b2cf273d0f | The nucleus of basal ganglia | Dentate | Thalamus | Caudate | Red nucleus | 2c | single | Basal ganglia
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Substantia nigra | Physiology | null |
a842bf1e-946a-43fd-ab71-fdfd1afdb41d | The most impoant stimulus controlling the level of resting ventilation is: | PO2 on peripheral chemoreceptors | PCO2 on peripheral chemoreceptors | pH on peripheral chemoreceptors | pH of CSF on central chemoreceptors | 3d | single | The most impoant stimulus comes from the pH of the CSF on the central chemoreceptors. The other choices are incorrect: The effect of PO2 on the peripheral chemoreceptors under normoxic conditions is very small. Changes in PCO2 do affect the peripheral chemoreceptors, but the magnitude is less than that for the central ... | Physiology | Respiratory System Pa 2 |
db02edb6-398c-47b7-8fdd-2fef6624edc2 | Which one of the following is true about catheter associated UTI? | Most catheter associated UTI patients are symptomatic | Significant bacteriuria occurs in patients catheterized longer than 2 weeks | Most commonly infection is due to staph & streptococcus | All of the above | 0a | multi | (A) Most catheter associated UTI patients are symptomatic# Catheter associated urinary tract infections account for 40 percent of all nosocomial infections and is the most common source of gram-negative bacteremia in hospitalized patients> Diagnosis of catheter-associated urinary tract infection can be made when the ur... | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
702f4f67-fd17-4cb7-b573-53169986e4f6 | Rickettsial infections cause 30% moality due to ? | Endothelial injury | Hemodynamic instability | Endocarditis | Renal failure | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Endothelial injury Rickettsial infections are associated with a high morbidity and moality. The moality rate can be as high as 20% of Rocky Mountain Spotted fever and 30% for epidemic typhus. On entry into the human body, the rickettsiae multiply locally and enter the blood. They become localized chie... | Microbiology | null |
212c0514-17d8-430c-a45b-10b2bdfc7c86 | MgSO4 have no role in prevention of | Seizures in severe pre-eclampsia | RDS in premature baby | Recurrent seizures in eclampsia | Neuroprotection | 1b | single | Magnesium sulphate: - Mechanism of action:- * Reduced presynaptic release of the neurotransmitter glutamate * Blockade of glutaminergic n-methyl-d-aspaate (nmda) receptor * Potentiation of adenosine action * Improved calcium buffering by mitochondria * Blockage of calcium entry voltage-gated channels Used for: - * Seve... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | recent papers obst |
87c84b2f-3272-4f4b-a534-b6c6d0a0f0b1 | Which of the following is an effect of dinitrophenol on oxidative phosphorylation | Inhibition of cytochrome b | Blockade of both electron transport and ATP synthesis | Inhibition of ATP synthesis with normal electron transport | Inhibition of electron transport but not ATP synthesis | 2c | multi | Inhibition of ATP synthesis
Dinitrophenol is an uncoupler.
Uncouplers cause uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation, i.e. they allow electrons transport to proceed without ATP synthesis. | Biochemistry | null |
7d6f7593-99bd-4fa2-9722-2e813270f187 | Which of the following drug is used in scabies as single oral dose agent: March 2011 | Permethrin | Retinoids | Ivermectin | Co-trimoxazole | 2c | single | Ans. C: Ivermectin Ivermectin is used as single oral dose of 200 microgram/ kg body weight It can be repeated after 2 weeks It is indicated in epidemics of scabies in orphanages and Norwegian scabies Scabies: Incubation period: 4 weeks Pathognomic lesion: Burrow, which lies in stratum corneum MC site in infants: Scalp,... | Skin | null |
fd18474f-ba5d-4015-9509-2b32f0ccee4d | In fracture of nose, which X-ray view is taken- | Waters view | Caldwells view | Lateral view | Occlusive anterior view | 2c | single | 1. Lateral view: Best for Sella and Sphenoid sinus and of Nose 2. CALDWELL VIEW/OCCIPITOFRONTAL VIEW: Best view for frontal sinus. 3. WATER /OCCIPITOMENTAL VIEW: Best view for maxillary sinus. | Radiology | X-RAYS |
997c91ae-a4cf-4d6c-b84a-7c0999615a4b | Which is the most common type of Renal cell Carcinoma | Chromophilic RCC | Chromophobe RCC | Clear cell RCC | Bellini duct carcinoma | 2c | single | Clear cell RCC constitute upto 80% cases of RCC. | Pathology | null |
ff6ea448-1eb4-466a-b034-eca2f679c369 | Laryngocele arises from which of the following structure? | True cords | Subglottis | Saccule of the ventricle | Anterior commissure | 2c | multi | Laryngocele represents an air filled dilatation of the ventricular saccule that communicates with the laryngeal lumen. Laryngocele are of two types internal and external. Internal arises from within the laryngeal ventricle and remains within the larynx External type arises from the laryngeal ventricle and expands into ... | ENT | null |
dfdb0601-a6e4-4793-a1ba-7079478bfeff | Which one is excitatory ? | Putamen | Caudate nucleus | Striatum | Subthalamic nucleus | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Subthalamic nucleusBasal ganglia are richly connected with one another.These connections include : ?1) Dopaminergic nigrostriatal projection from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) to the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) and corresponding GABAergic projection from striatum to substantia n... | Physiology | null |
c8fe0982-44dd-4bee-ac49-746231ec93f2 | Which of these can be safely stopped before an abdominal surgery | ACE inhibitors | Beta blockers | Statins | Steroids | 0a | single | Refer CMDT6 2014/45 All antihypeensives should be continued in preoperative period except ACE inhibitors ,angiotensin receptor blockers and diuretics ACE inhibitors and ARBs should be stopped 24 hrs before surgery to prevent intraoperative hypotension Diuretics should be stopped once the patient is kept NPO to prevent ... | Pharmacology | Anesthesia |
0d2d7202-502d-4ad0-a16f-cd92d6181830 | After premature delivery, mother&;s milk is low in | Lactose | Fat | Protein | Sodium | 0a | single | Preterm milk contains more energy, protein, fat, sodium, zinc, anti-infective factors, and macrophages and has a lower content of lactose, calcium, and phosphorus. Ref: Page 98; Ghai essential pediatrics; 6th edition | Pediatrics | Nutrition |
c6d74b0f-8003-4cca-aa26-7200e89176dd | All of the statements are true about ileum except - | LN in mesentery | 3-6 arcades in continuation | Smaller diameter than jejunum | Large circular mucosal folds | 3d | multi | Circular folds are smaller and fewer.
There are 3 or 6 arterial arcades with no windows.
The lumen of the ileum is narrower and often loaded.
Mesentery of jejunum and ileum (mesentery proper) contains 100-200 lymph nodes. | Anatomy | null |
0b9a2590-9e64-460b-a358-4017ce6cffa8 | Apolipoprotein activating LCAT: | B-48 | Apo A-I | Apo A -II | B-100 | 1b | single | LCAT(Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase) is a plasma enzyme.This is similar to the lipoproteins and can be activated by Apo -I. Also Know: (LCAT) activity is associated with HDL containing apo A-I. As cholesterol in HDL becomes esterified, it creates a concentration gradient and draws in cholesterol from tissues and ... | Biochemistry | null |
587500ce-4ea6-4564-a577-dcc80e86f2b0 | Suppos of the uterus are all except | Utero sacral ligament | Broad ligament | Mackenrodt's ligament | Mackenrodt's ligament | 1b | multi | Mackenrodt's ligament | Anatomy | null |
984206bc-4aa4-45cf-898a-7eedb9a5d92c | A 72-year-old man is brought to the emergency room after injuring his right knee in a car accident. The pain started soon after the accident. Later that same day he developed swelling and more intense pain making walking difficult. On physical examination, the knee is warm, swollen, and extremely painful to bend. There... | oral prednisone | intravenous antibiotics | oral NSAIDs | acetaminophen | 2c | multi | In traumatic arthritis, swellings, ecchymoses, muscular spasms, and tenderness tend to be present, but fractures must be excluded. This man has calcium pyrophosphate (CPPD) crystal- induced monoarthritis, so called "pseudogout." It is most common in the elderly and can be precipitated by minor trauma. The crystals have... | Medicine | Immunology and Rheumatology |
fa0606f5-8a6e-424f-96ba-d142d67d8ec5 | Clomiphene citrate used in initial treatment for most anovulatory infertile women is | Steroidal triphenylethylene derivative | Given on 7th day to 10th day after onset of spontaneous menses | Can be administered if no follicle is >20mm and endometrium is <5mm | Is oestrogen antagonist only | 2c | single | Clomiphene citrate is non-steroidal derivative given on 3rd to 5th day of cycle. It has both oestrogen agoinst and antagonist properties. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
c63c23e0-1f7a-4a27-82d2-15f785849045 | In a study in UK, an association was found between sale of antiarrythmic drug and an increase in deaths due to asthma. This is an example of | Ecological study | Coho study | Case reference study | Experimental study | 0a | single | Ecological study [Ref: Park, 21/e p59 (19/e, p58) www.ucel.ac.uk.rlos/specs/rlo_observational_study.doc; Repeat Nov 10 & Nov 06 This is an example of ecological study. An ecological study is a type of Observational study where information is collected on a group (or population) rather than on individual members and the... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
0575387a-b6e7-4977-ab6b-0bae62446335 | Which group of organism is responsible for transmitting endemic typhus? | Flea | Tick | Mite | Mosquito | 0a | single | The etiologic agent of endemic typhus (murine typhus fever or fleaborne typhus) is Rickettsia typhi, a Gram-negative bacterium and obligate intracellular pathogen. Reservoirs include rats, mice, possibly other mammals, and infected rat fleas. Endemic typhus has a worldwide occurrence. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
eb149b88-c1b7-4925-838b-a5f6fd7c0fc9 | Argon laser trabeculoplasty is done in: | Angle closure glaucoma | Angle recession glaucoma | Secondary glaucoma | Open angle glaucoma | 3d | single | In Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT) Laser beam is focused on trabecular meshwork Opens up the pores of trabecular meshwork. So that more Aqueous can flow through it in faster time Lowers Intra ocular pressure Typically done in open angle glaucoma Trabecular meshwork After ALT | Ophthalmology | FMGE 2018 |
11bd43d2-3007-493c-aea4-be1dcdd2376b | A 25-year-old woman has cauliflower shaped perineal lesions that are diagnosed as condyloma acuminatum. The etiologic agent is | HSV. | Treponema pallidum. | Haemophilus ducreyi. | HPV. | 3d | multi | Condyloma acuminatum is a nonmalignant neoplastic-like papillomatous condition that affects epithelium of the perineal, vulval, perianal and vaginal regions. It is caused by HPV (most often HPV 6 and 11). Given histopathological slide is showing Condyloma acuminatum Acanthosis and koilocytosis of squamous epithelium. B... | Pathology | Female genital Tract |
33291f0b-24b0-45b8-b343-1070958191a3 | During rapid sequence intubation in a child after taking brief history and clinical examination next step is: | Administer oxygen | IV anesthetic Diazepam/Ketamine | Preanaesthetic medication with atropine and lignocaine | Analgesic injection with Fentanyl | 0a | multi | Administer oxygen REF: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_sequence_induction & others Rapid Sequence Induction (RSI) is an advanced medical procedure, designed for the expeditious induction of sedation and subsequent intubation of the trachea of a patient (endotracheal intubation). RSI is generally used for patients wh... | Anaesthesia | null |
f30c1ff2-33a9-4190-9efc-1e595241b067 | Most common nerve damaged in leg: | Common peroneal nerve | Femoral nerve | Sciatic nerve | Tibial nerve | 0a | single | Ans. A Common peroneal nerveRef: Neuromuscular Diseases: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management By Schwartz, P 134* Book states: "In leg the common peroneal nerve is most often affected nerve". Nerves may be damaged at the time of fracture or afterwards from the effects of movement or of reduction of a disloc... | Anatomy | Lower Extremity |
a2dc8023-3fb7-464a-a151-d754fac42ff1 | Ataxia abasia is seen in | Conversion disorder | PTSD | Depression | Mania | 0a | single | Conversion Disorder Conversion disorder is characterised by the following clinical features: 1. Presence of symptoms or deficits affecting motor or sensory function, suggesting a medical or neurological disorder. 2. Sudden onset. 3. Development of symptoms usually in the presence of a significant psychosocial stressor(... | Psychiatry | Somatoform disorders |
c06b139e-2ab5-4618-b5e5-e25412eec187 | Which cells cause rosette formation with sheep RBCs- | T cells | NK cells | Monocytes | B cells | 0a | single | Erythrocyte rosetting or E-rosetting is a phenomenon seen through a microscope where red blood cells (erythrocytes) are arranged around a central cell to form a cluster that looks like a flower. The red blood cells surrounding the cell form the petal, while the central cell forms the stigma of the flower shape. This fo... | Microbiology | Immunology |
12cb59fa-b0b7-4b83-8815-d228f0ff8cc1 | A child presented with tall stature, long spider leg like fingers, chest deformity and some vision problems. His eye examination shows the following: What is your diagnosis? | Marfan syndrome | Lowe syndrome | Homocystinuria | GM1 gangliosidosis | 0a | multi | The skeletal abnormalities like tall stature, long spider leg like fingers, chest deformity and presence of eye lens dislocation in the superolateral direction, points to a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome. Homocystinuria- inferonasal dislocation of lens + marfanoid features Lowe syndrome- cataract GM1 gangliosidosis- macu... | Pediatrics | Disorders of Amino acid Metabolism |
cefd08e2-8071-49e9-9e51-413ab8186e7c | 'Obstruction of Inferior vena cava' presents : | Paraumblical dilatation | Thoraco-epigastric dilatation | Oesophagus varies | Haemorrhoides | 1b | single | B i.e. Thoraco-epigastric dilation | Anatomy | null |
ccd1cf97-fa6f-4f9d-b176-c6679777912f | NOT True about hepatorenal pouch of Morrison: | It is the most dependent pouch of peritoneal cavity in supine posture | Right sub hepatic recess | Largest recess of peritoneal cavity | Communicates with infracolic and lesser sac compament | 2c | multi | CHOICE EXPLANATION & ELIMINATION REASON 1 It is the most dependent pouch of peritoneal cavity in supine posture 2 Right sub hepatic recess 3 Lesser sac is the largest recess 4 True statement | Anatomy | Peritoneal cavity and inguinal region |
ecc874b2-6e11-4bd8-95b4-084ff3900e9c | Fetal pas are palpable at the earliest by: Maharashtra 08 | 16 weeks | 18 weeks | 20 weeks | 28 weeks | 2c | single | Ans. 20 weeks | Forensic Medicine | null |
c81581d9-1d49-4eef-94e7-5996bd88102d | ATT most commonly implicated in causing peripheral neuropathy is: | Rifampicin | Pyrazinamide | INH | Ethambutol | 2c | single | Isoniazid (lsonicotinic acid hydrazide, H) Isoniazid is the antitubercular drug parexcellence, and an essential component of all antitubercular regimens, unless the patient is not able to tolerate it or bacilli are resistant. lt is primarily tuberculocidal. Fast multiplying organisms are rapidly killed, but quiescent o... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
b59ed9bb-5650-455f-82d7-de06dc5d0103 | Least likely cause of renal papillary necrosis? | Sickle cell disease | Analgesic nephropathy | Posterior urethral valves | Diabetes with UTI | 2c | single | c. Posterior urethral valves(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2562-2567Ghai 8/e p 485-486)Sickle cell disease, use of analgesics and Diabetes are important causes of Renal papillary necrosis. | Pediatrics | Kidney |
4ec3e603-d7aa-4dbd-980b-54626337cd03 | Biological False l'ositive/ BFP serological test for syphilis may be encountered in: September 2004 | Viral hepatitis | SLE | Leprosy | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. D i.e. All of the above | Microbiology | null |
e4f44e40-d163-49f9-9291-508de06c13ab | Fulminant hepatitis is most commonly associated with which type of hepatitis - | Hepatitis A | Hepatitis B | Hepatitis C | Hepatitis D | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hepatitis B Fulminant hepatits* The most feared complication of viral hepatitis is fulminant hepatitis (massive hepatic necrosis); fortunately, this is a rare event.* Fulminant hepatitis is primarily seen in hepatitis B and D, as well as hepatitis E, but rare fulminant cases of hepatitis A occur prima... | Medicine | Infection |
fd59e56e-b9d9-4fae-82ed-57082bc1e8aa | All of the following are true about Xeroderma pigmentosum except: | Skin manifestations appear within first 2 years of life | Increased risk of non melanotic skin cancers | Nucleotide excision repair defect | Autosomal dominant inheritance | 3d | multi | Xeroderma Pigmentosum At increased risk for the development of cancers of the skin paicularly following exposure to the UV light contained in sun rays. UV radiation causes cross-linking of pyrimidine residues, preventing normal DNA replication. Such DNA damage is repaired by the nucleotide excision repair system. Incre... | Pathology | JIPMER 2017 |
79ca2108-a760-46a0-b6d3-e8bdd2506719 | Which complication you would expect during internal podalic version in case of transverse lie? | Uterine rupture | Cervical laceration | Uterine atony | Vaginal laceration | 0a | single | This manoeuvre is currently used only for the delivery of a second twin. It consists of the inseion of a hand into the uterine cavity to turn the fetus manually. Complications of internal podalic version in mother: Uterine rupture Hemorrhage Complications of internal podalic version in child Traumatic intracerebral hem... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
72e6d774-354f-44bc-a37c-5043c22627b7 | A 27 year old man presents to a physician because he was not able to feel a burn that he had sustained on the stove burner. Neurologic studies demonstrate bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in the upper extremities with preservation of touch sensation. No motor abnormalities are observed. This patient's c... | Arnold-Chiari malformation | Broca's aphasia | Horner's syndrome | Tabes dorsalis | 0a | single | The patient most probably has syringomyelia, in which softening and cavitation around the central canal of the spinal cord damages crossing fibers of the spinothalamic tract with resulting bilateral loss of pain and temperature (but not touch) sensation in the upper extremities. Many of the patients with syringomyelia ... | Pathology | null |
47bda2e9-6aa6-443e-a1a7-94a12baf38f8 | A 40-year-old man presents to casualty with history of regular and heavy use of alcohol for 10 years and morning drinking for one year. The last alcohol intake was three days back. There is no history of head injury or seizures. On examination, there is no icterus, sign of hepatic encephalopathy or focal neurological s... | Diazepam | Haloperidol | Imipramine | Naltrexone | 0a | multi | Ans. A i.e. Diazepam | Psychiatry | null |
a9d6a4df-029e-4955-bf03-388dc4580f0b | All are true for PTSD except | Hippocampus & amygdala | Anhedonia | Depression and quilt | Anxiolytic is treatment of choice | 3d | multi | D i.e. Anxiolytic is treatment of choice | Psychiatry | null |
43fb2a4c-1d10-4c48-b2c8-c6b55911e3b6 | Organic nitrates can lead to the development of tolerance when used chronically. Which of the following preparations is least likely to develop tolerance: | Sustained release oral nitroglycerine | Sublingual nitroglycerine | Transdermal nitroglycerine | Oral pentaerythritol tetranitrate | 1b | multi | Tolerance develops to nitrates, when these are present constantly in the blood. Sublingual route leads to immediate action of nitrates and these act for a sho time. Other preparations mentioned in the question are more likely to give consistent plasma levels of nitrates leading to development of tolerance. | Pharmacology | CHF, Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction |
12b066ea-8045-4a1f-a3c4-e8dfe3c75b9c | All is true about Pecquet duct EXCEPT | Begins at level of T 12 | Enters thorax through aoic opening | Crosses from right to left at level of T8 | Passes the superior apeure of thorax | 2c | multi | Thoracic duct, aka duct pecquet, is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body. it Crosses from right to left at level of T5 It extends from the lower border of T12 as a continuation of the cisterna chyli. Enters thorax through the aoic opening of diaphragm along with the aoa & azygous veins. It ascends through the poste... | Anatomy | Thorax- wall and Bronchopulmonary segment |
8754f052-9403-43c3-99ee-c6ac34d8c9fc | Average menstrual flow during normal menses is? | 50ml | 100ml | 90ml | 120ml | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 50mlAverage amount of blood loss during normal mensturation is 30-40 ml per cycle.Heavy bleeding is considered if blood loss is more than 60-80 ml per cycle. | Physiology | null |
6fb1988a-145a-4aa8-a413-d346c0e15296 | Which of the following malignancies are not associated with Trousseau's syndrome? | Ca pancreas | Ca lung | Ca stomach | Liposarcoma | 3d | single | Trousseau syndrome refers to the presence of migratory deep vein thrombophlebitis which occur due to the release of platelet aggregating factors and procoagulants from the tumor or its necrotic products. Malignancies associated with this syndrome are carcinoma of pancreas, lung, stomach, colon or ovary. | Medicine | null |
c7714ef6-1970-4b69-a285-0115e9b3737f | The order of imaging methods (from worst to best) with respect to visibility of detail (resolution) is:- | Gamma camera, fluoroscopy, CT | Ultrasound, fluoroscopy, radiography | Gamma camera, fluoroscopy, MRI | Fluoroscopy,Radiography, MRI | 2c | single | Nuclear scans It is a Functional scan Uses Gamma camera Has poor spatial resolution MRI - has good spatial resolution So, the order of imaging methods (from worst to best) with respect to visibility of detail (resolution) is - Gamma camera < fluoroscopy < MRI | Radiology | Radiology Q Bank |
cfa11629-8c23-44dd-aba5-cd99e6761632 | A 60-year-old male presented to your OPD with this problem. What is the preferred treatment? | Frykman-Goldberg procedure | Well's procedure | Delorme procedure | Ripstein procedure | 2c | single | Patient is 60 year old, Delorme procedure is done DELORME's PROCEDURE - RECTAL PROLAPSE Abdominal Perineal - | Recurrence rate - | recurrence rate - | Morbidity - | morbidity - Young patients - Elderly and frail pts - Mn: W- Well's A- Abdominal approach R- Ripstein - Mn: P - Perineal A - Altmier's D - Delorme - Frykmen... | Surgery | Rectum and anal canal |
67bb78da-3e2b-4c2d-9f85-e09d48462f1f | Which of the following is the largest protein in the body that connects M line to Z line during active muscle contraction? | Actin | Desmin | Titin | All of above | 2c | multi | Ans. C. Titin. (Ref. Guyton & Hall's Textbook of Medical Physiology 11th/pg. 463)SarcomereThe portion of the myofibril (or of the whole muscle fiber) that lies between two successive Z discs is called a sarcomere. When the muscle fiber is contracted, the length of the sarcomere is about 2 micrometers. At this length, t... | Physiology | General |
8fad4303-be72-4862-be96-64c16f46c1eb | A neonate with Down syndrome is having bilious vomiting | Duodenal atresia | Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | Ileal atresia | Anorectal malformation | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Duodenal atresia Ref - The image shows the presence of double bubble appearance suggestive of diagnosis of duodenal atresia. About 8% of children with Down syndrome are born with duodenal atresia which presents with bilious vomiting. | Unknown | null |
5a93635f-ff06-47e1-81f7-fa4a824788a0 | Rib ossification center first appears in which rib ? | 1st | 12th | 6th | 3rd | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 6thEach rib (except for 11th& 12th) is ossified from four centres :-One primary centre-->for bodyThree epiphyseal (secondary )centres for :-HeadAicular pa of tubercleNon aicular pa of tubercleOssification begins near the angle toward the end of 2" month (around 8th week) of fetal life, and is seen fir... | Anatomy | null |
6fd718b3-733c-4a4b-ab82-1fb12d0c4e7f | Locus heterogeneity is feature of | Familial adenomatous polyposis | Osteopetrosis | Muscular dystrophies | All of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. c (Muscular dystrophies) (Ref. H - 18th/Ch. 63; 16th/pg. 360).Many disorders exhibit the feature of locus heterogeneityf which refers to the fact that mutations in different genes can cause phenotypicaily similar disorders. For example, osteogenesis imperfecta, long QT syndrome, muscular dystrophy, homocystinuria,... | Medicine | Genetics |
d1bee68f-9d8e-4332-b954-12b632b71771 | Phagocytosis in the CNS is done by | Astrocytes | Schwann cells | microglia | Oligocytes | 2c | single | Microglia in CNS has phagocytic activity. | Physiology | null |
50627552-1a6d-4791-87dd-11d154b6f1b0 | Tone of the anal sphincter in maintained by | Nervi erigentes | Inferior hypogastric plexus | Inferior rectal nerve | Pelvic splanchnic nerves | 2c | single | The anal sphincters and puborectalis are the primary muscles responsible for continence. There are two sphincters: the internal anal sphincter, and the external anal sphincter. The internal sphincter is responsible for 85% of the resting muscle tone and is involuntary. ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg413-416 | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
bdb6ae7e-f3b8-493a-a05c-a54770ac8059 | All are true about hyperophic obstructive cardiomypathy except- | Asymmeric hyperophy of septum | Systolic motion of anterior leaflet | Left ventricle outflow obstruction | Beta blockers are not effective | 3d | multi | Ref:Harrison&;s 19th E pg 1568. Beta-blockers are the drug of choice for HOCM. Decreasing the contractility of hea prevents the hyperophied septum coming in contact with the anterior leaflet of the mitral Valve. Hence reducing the obstruction. | Medicine | C.V.S |
6c81ba3c-0598-4cf8-afe5-d16e768f39fa | Which of the following statements regarding Wits analysis is false? | Developed to overcome the limitations of ANB | The position of the teeth have no influence | Uses the functional occlusal plane | Does not specify which jaw is at fault | 1b | multi | The Wits analysis was conceived primarily as a way to overcome the limitations of ANB as an indicator of jaw discrepancy. It is based on a projection of points A and B to the occlusal plane, along which the linear difference between these points is measured. If the anteroposterior position of the jaws is normal, the pr... | Dental | null |
f453239e-7a50-4fcc-a6c3-a30bab8a7bbc | Best biochemical description of glucose is? | Exists as ketose sugar | Present in L form in all biosystems | Its C-4 epimer is galactose | It's a disaccharide | 2c | multi | Glucose:
Simple sugar (monosaccharides)
Has six carbon atoms (hexose)
Its C-4 epimer is galactose
Has 2 isomers - D-isomer (D-glucose/dextrose, occurs widely in nature) and L-isomer (L-glucose - does not occur much in nature)
It is stored as a polymer (in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen) | Biochemistry | null |
dc292757-8fba-4cab-843d-b8cde3075d6c | Which of the following techniques is the best for differentiating recurrence of brain tumour from radiation therapy-induced necrosis? | MRI | Contrast enhanced MRI | PET scan | CT scan | 2c | single | "MRI or CT scans are often unable to distinguish radiation necrosis from recurrent tumor, but PET or SPECT scans may demonstrate that glucose metabolism is increased in tumor tissue but decreased in radiation necrosis." | Radiology | null |
77f2f0d4-ba9c-4b90-be54-f4df8f6f1af8 | Withdraw! bleeding occurs when progestins administered continuously : | Estrogen concentration is sufficient | Structural abnormality in the pelvis | Associated with endocrine disorder | Atrophic endometrium | 0a | single | Estrogen concentration is sufficient | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
7db0f85c-3610-4da8-ace7-87fd78e444b2 | Profuse watery diarrhea in an immuno compromised child is due to - | Cryptococcus | Amoeba | Giardia | Lactose intolerance | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Giardia Diarrhea in immunocompromised child (AIDS) include bacterial (salmonella, compylobacter) ,protozoal (giardiasis, cryptosporidium), and viral (CMV, HSV) causes. | Pediatrics | null |
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