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135
4df0486d-1aba-4df0-9a1f-fd86bb8acc9a
Which of the following structure is not present on floor of third ventricle?
Optic stalk
Third nerve
Infundibulum
Mammillary body
1b
single
Answer- B (Third nerve)The third nerve (Oculomotor) does not form the floor of the third ventricle although it lies in close relation to the floor.The anterior wall of the third ventricle is formed by Lamina terminalis, Anterior commissure, Anterior columns of the fornixThe posterior wall is formed by the Pineal body, ...
Anatomy
null
f8d007a2-5b7d-42a2-84f0-3f73aee7c754
Mycetoma is caused by the following agents except?Allescheria boydii
Allescheria boydii
Madurella mycetomii
Trichosporum beigelli
Nocardia asteroides
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Trichosporum beigelli
Microbiology
null
747f2499-ee21-4bdf-8039-ff8d13307ddd
Vertical measure in mm from granular cell layer to the deepest part of tumour used in Melanoma for prognosis is
Breslow s method
Clarks s method
Thomas method
Ashpit s method
0a
single
Breslow s thickness less than 1.7mm carries favorable prognosis.
Pathology
null
9cca64a6-8838-4636-b5f2-84ae8e07ee08
Which does not cause Tinea Capitis
Epidermophyton
Microsporum
Trichophyton Rubrum
Trichophyton Violaceum/Schoenleinii
0a
single
A i.e. Epidermophyton
Skin
null
91ca5076-4bbc-4a0f-9988-e8521065808c
True about enzyme specificity:
Amount of enzyme required per second, per mole or product formation
Number of sites per substrate
Amount of enzyme binding with various substrates
Amount of enzyme causing transformation of 1 mol of substrate per minute under standard condition
3d
multi
The specific activity of enzyme is usually expressed as p mol of substrate transformed to product per minute per milligram of enzymes under optimal condition of measurement.1 international unit (IU) =1 micromole / minuteModern unit of enzyme activity, 1 katals (kat) =1 mole/second (i.e. conservation of 1 moles of subst...
Biochemistry
null
7f53e3cf-bd65-4b31-b9c1-9a19fc7f6798
Substrate level phosphorylation in citric acid cycle is catalysed by ?
Pyruvate kinase
Phosphoglycerate kinase
Malate dehydrogenase
Succinate thiokinase
3d
single
There are 2 types of phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.1) Substrate level phosphorylation2) Oxidative phosphorylation at respiratory chain levelSubstrate level phosphorylation is the production of ATP at the substrate level without paicipation of ETC.It occurs in TCA cycle and glycolysis
Biochemistry
null
22076fc7-5268-418b-881e-719ccc232656
All float in a saturated salt solution except -
Clonorchis sinensis
Feilised eggs of ascarsis
Larva of strongyloids
Trichuris trichura
0a
multi
The eggs of clonorchis may be demonstrated in feces or aspirated bile. They do not float in concentrated saline. REF:TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY;CKJ PANIKER;6TH EDITION;PAGE NO127
Microbiology
parasitology
8aae916f-0871-49a4-8344-6237fe33ee7a
All of the following are true of D.I.C. except:
Platelet aggregation
Fibrin deposition in microcirculation
Decreased fibrinogen products
Release of tissue factor
2c
multi
Decreased fibrinogen products
Pathology
null
d6c2d6dc-a9d8-4ded-8de8-e053bba982de
'Second gas effect' is exerted by which of the following gas when co-administered with halothane:
Nitrous oxide
Cyclopropane
Nitrogen
Helium
0a
single
Concentration-effect, second gas effect and diffusion hypoxia are seen with inhalational agents used in high concentrations (like N2O).
Pharmacology
null
6b925c93-0e35-4774-9b71-4084bd078283
Antimalarial of choice in a pregnant woman (I timester) who is chloroquine resistant is?
Quinine
Proguanil
Dapsone & pyrimethamine
Mefloquine
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Quinine "Quinine is the only widely available drug that is acceptable as suitable for treating chloroquine - resistant infections during pregnancy".
Pharmacology
null
5a46ace4-a236-4f54-8129-2d18ad8c6e22
Most common cause of urethral structure is
Infection
Trauma
Conjenital
None of the above
1b
multi
Most common cause of urethral structural is trauma >> infection.
Surgery
null
7f1d31df-f03d-41ff-9a47-19ba9530c392
Ten years after diagnosis of total proctocolitis this patient undergoes colonoscopy and biopsy reveals high-grade dysplasia in 2-10 specimens. What should the physician recommend?
Repeat colonoscopy in 1 year
Increase steroid dosage
Early repeat colonoscopy and biopsy area again
Total proctocolectomy
3d
single
Risk of dysplasia and colorectal cancer is higher in ulcerative colitis than in the general population. The severity, duration, and anatomic extent of the inflammation are risk factors for the development of dysplasia and cancer. These cancers do not seem to follow the adenoma carcinoma sequence and can arise in flat m...
Surgery
Small & Large Intestine
62cf87c0-7c47-4457-9a05-600225d255ed
Sexual gratification of a women is obtained by another woman is called ?
Tribadism
Bestiality
Fellatio
Cunnilingus
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Tribadism Tribadism (Lesbianism or female homosexuality) : Sexual gratification of a women is obtained by another woman by kissing, body contact, manipulation of breast and genitalia.Active paner is called dyke or butch and the passive agent is called femme. This is not an offence in India.
Forensic Medicine
null
4fec3e84-b821-4da3-b300-dc0ad6c32608
Which of the following is anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive neoplasm?
Synol sarcoma
Fibromatosis
Ewing sarcoma
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
3d
single
Answer- D. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumorInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive neoplasm.Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, though rare, is more common in children, with an equal male-to-female ratio.Presenting symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, and hemopytsis. It m...
Pathology
null
9e7486e0-51bb-4d97-86c2-1c0740d52e51
Which one of the following is not used to treat leishmaniasis ?
Pentamidine
Miltefosine
Dapsone
Cyclosporine
3d
single
Pentamidine inhibits growth of protozoa by interacting with trypanosomal kinetoplast DNA and interferes with polyamine synthesis by a decrease in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase. Miltefosine has antiproliferative activity against leishmaniasis as well as against other trypanosome parasites.Mechanism is likely d...
Pharmacology
null
7282c732-2e2d-4e8e-9362-bbacd811de2d
Which type of same can be used to isolate polio virus earliest
Stool
Blood
Throat
CSF
0a
single
Stool examination Isolation of wild polio virus from stool is 'the recommended method for laboratory confirmation of paralytic poliomyelitis' Recommended in every case of AFP Virus usually can be found in the feces from onset to up to <8 weeks after paralysis, with the highest probability of detection during the first ...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
dd052ec5-2dcf-45e2-a0cb-0ad2a33177ab
From which of the following routes, absorption of local anaesthetic is maximum?
Intercostal
Epidural
Brachial
Caudal
0a
single
Intercostal nerve block (abbreted ICNB) is a nerve block which temporarily or permanently interrupts the flow of signals along an intercostal nerve, usually performed to relieve pain.
Pharmacology
Anesthesia
a8e533b0-9384-417a-bbf9-8e2c89c67bf5
Which of the following is false regarding acute conjuctivitis
Vision is not affected
Cornea is infiltrated
Topical antibiotics is the treatment of choice
Pupil is not affected
0a
multi
Among all four options, option A seems the most appropriate as any corneal infiltration will lead to decreased vision though in conjunctivitis it is commonly reversible Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 76
Ophthalmology
Conjunctiva
ffd274eb-3bd4-4679-9b9f-9a67d7a19674
The secondary flare is necessary for several reasons. Which of the following statements is not true?
Makes the proximal margins more
The direction of the flare results in 100-degree marginal metal
Metal with this angular design is burnishable
A more blunted and stronger enamel margin is produced because of the secondary flare
1b
multi
The secondary flare is necessary for several reasons: The secondary flaring of the proximal walls extends margins into the embrasures, making these margins more self-cleansing and more accessible to finishing procedures during the inlay insertion appointment and does so with conservation of dentin. The direction of th...
Dental
null
efc04757-350f-4c6e-a47e-cc695ee639fd
A 24 year old male patient complains of yellowish discoloration of the teeth. Intra-oral examination reveals generalized grade 1 tetracycline stains and proximal caries was present with 22. Composite restoration in this patient is delayed for atleast _____ after bleaching.
3 days
1 week
10 days
1 month
1b
single
With all bleaching techniques, a transitory decrease occurs in the potential bond strength of composite when it is applied to bleached enamel and dentin. This reduction in bond strength results from residual oxygen or peroxide residue in the tooth that inhibits the setting of the bonding resin, precluding adequate resi...
Dental
null
91a573ad-6d70-4da9-8a82-fc962b10e9e0
Toxic shock syndrome caused by staphylococcus is due to
Hemolytic antigen
Super antigens
Hyaluronidase
Coagulase
1b
single
Staphylococcal infections Staphylococci are usually found colonising the anterior nares and skin. Some staphylococci produce coagulase, an enzyme that conves fibrinogen to fibrin in rabbit plasma, causing it to clot. Staph. aureus is coagulase-positive, and most other species are coagulase-negative. In modern laborator...
Medicine
Infection
1a6c5c63-63cd-4aae-93b8-098785977e3b
True about glucagon
Hyperglycemia stimulate its release
Has no effect in muscle glycogenolysis
Stimulates glycolysis
Inhibits gluconeogenesis
1b
multi
Glucagon - a polypeptide hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in response to hypoglycemia or stimulation by growth hormone. It increases blood glucose concentration by stimulating glycogenolysis in the liver and can be administered parenterally to relieve severe hypoglycemia from any cause, e...
Physiology
Endocrinology
60ae9b46-b76a-4986-b466-f4a62dc5e33b
Most commonly this tumour is due to carcinoma of
Stomach
Breast
Colon
Uterus
0a
single
Transperitoneal implantation of the carcinoma of the stomach may occur in which the carcinoma cells pass from, stomach into the peritoneal cavity; they "gravitate" into the pelvis where the secondaries palpable on rectal examination I may develop. In females, occasionally, they "alight" upon the ovaries giving rise to ...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Gynaecological oncology
32e20ffa-c3b7-4bb1-a29f-900df86ffa87
In essential hypeention changes seen in the hea are-
Cardiac cell hyperplasia
Cardiac cell hyperophy
increse in the mitochondrial number
Increase in size of mitochondria
1b
single
Essential hypeension tends to be familial and is likely to be the consequence of an interaction between environmental and genetic factors. The prevalence of essential hypeension increases with age, and individuals with relatively high blood pressures at younger ages are at increased risk for the subsequent development ...
Medicine
C.V.S
53953ea2-8dff-47e9-874b-5164be2c3550
Which has worst prognosis in CLL?
11q Deletion
12q Trisomy
17p Deletion
13q Deletion
2c
single
13q deletion : Indolent course ; good prognosis Trisomy 12 : Intermediate prognosis 11q deletion : Poor prognosis 17p deletion : Poorest prognosis
Medicine
CLL & CML
f4091af1-ed63-4276-a495-3624b8a74981
After application of one stimulus, the time period in which the second stronger stimuli can from an impulse is called
Absolute refractory period
Relative refraction period
Latent refractory period
Local response
1b
multi
Ans. (b) Relative refraction period(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.90)Absolute refractory period - No stimulus, no matter how strong, will not excite the nerve during absolute refractory periodRelative refractory period - Stronger than normal stimulus (suprathreshold stimulus) produces action potential in relative refractory p...
Physiology
Nervous System
9ad66af7-75ed-4a53-84f9-5cff732aeca1
Total parathyroid gland in our body are?
1
2
3
4
3d
single
ANSWER: (D) 4REF: Gray's Anatomy 40th ed Ch: 32Parathyroid glands:The parathyroid glands are small, yellowish-brown, ovoid or lentiform structures, usually lying between the posterior lobar borders of the thyroid gland and its capsule.They are commonly 6 mm long, 3-4 mm across, and 1-2 mm from back to front, each weigh...
Anatomy
Thyroid Gland
acdeecf1-885c-4f78-8750-378141419f88
Hirschsprung disease is due to
Failure of migration of Neural crest cells
due to loss of crypts
due to mucosa thickening
none
0a
multi
The enteric nervous system is the pa of the autonomic nervous system that directly controls the gastrointestinal tract. Derived from a multipotent, migratory cell population called the neural crest, a complete enteric nervous system is necessary for proper gut function. Disorders that arise as a consequence of defectiv...
Medicine
All India exam
0c573d26-826f-4d2f-9970-09015c017fe1
Characteristic renal biopsy immunofluorescence findings that leads to diagnosis of Berger disease is:
Predominantly deposition on IgA in subepithelial region
Predominantly deposition on IgG in subendothelial region
Predominantly deposition on IgG in glomerular basement membrane
Predominantly deposition on IgA in mesangium
3d
single
IgA nephropathy (Berger Disease) It is the most common type of glomerulonephritis worldwide. Characterized by the presence of prominent IgA deposits in the mesangial regions and recurrent hematuria. Caused due to deposition of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 / abnormal IgA containing immune complex in the mesangium. C3 de...
Pathology
Glomerulonephritis
021bdf86-5962-48db-9d9f-2f0af0616b36
Romana's sign is seen is
T. Brucei Gambiense
T. Brucei Rhodesiense
T. Cruzi
None of the above
2c
multi
Romana's sign - Periorbital edema seen in Trypanosoma Cruzi.
Microbiology
null
8aa7dc8e-3356-46a5-94a4-0185b5097e56
Radical dissection of neck includes all except ?
Cervical lymph nodes
Sternocleido mastoid
Phrenic nerves
Internal jugular vein
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Phrenic nerves
Surgery
null
dc6dfe8c-caf8-4cf6-81e8-db4dfaad2d24
Cytogenetics for synovial cell sarcoma
t (9,22)
t (11,14)
t (8,14)
t (x,18)
3d
single
t (x,18) is seen in synovial cell sarcoma and it produces fusion genes like SS18-SSXl-SSX2-SSX4
Pathology
null
cc57cb70-6450-44bd-9a95-4ff3b9b691ba
True statements regarding octreotide are all of the following except: September 2009
Synthetic octapeptide
Used in variceal bleeding
Contraindicated in acromegaly
Useful in secretory diarrhea
2c
multi
Ans. C: Contraindicated in Acromegaly Octreotide is an synthetic octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically, though it is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than the natural hormone. Salt form of this peptide, octreotide acetate, is used as an injectable depot formulati...
Pharmacology
null
c23c41f1-22f3-4e30-9a80-49c0c5371d44
Substance P is increased is response pain in periphery by which of the following?
Mast cells
Endothelium
Plasma
Nerve terminals
3d
single
Ans. (d) Nerve terminals(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.141)Substance P#Location- primary afferent neurons in the spinal cord, nigrostriatal system, hypothalamus#Responsible for axon reflex, peristalsis, pain transmission#Receptors- neurokinin receptors (NK1 -NK3 )
Physiology
Nervous System
c7a6bc03-7c65-4e3d-a52a-564e5d2c4e43
An elderly male admitted for pneumonia presents with diarrhoea and gripping abdominal pain five days after discharge from hospital. Drug which is likely to benefit is
Imodium
Metronidazole
Diphenoxylate
Levofloxacin
3d
single
The macrolides (especially azithromycin) and the respiratory quinolones are now the antibiotics of choice and are effective as monotherapy. Compared with erythromycin, the newer macrolides have superior in vitro activity, display greater intracellular activity, reach higher concentrations in respiratory secretions and ...
Anatomy
Respiratory system
cdc43d81-8c6e-4288-8f78-ecbccddc3163
Active search for disease in an apparently healthy individual is k/a-
Monitoring
Case finding
Screening
Sentinel surveillance
2c
single
Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 135 Screening test is not intended to be a diagnostic test. It helps us find out the hidden cases.
Social & Preventive Medicine
Screening
2234f547-f633-47ba-8dc4-18a3f5b7fc80
Patient with stab injury to the lower chest presented with low pulses and BP improved after giving IV fluids. Chest X-ray showed clear lung fields. Next step in the management:
Chest tube inseion
CECT abdomen
CECT chest
E- fast
3d
multi
STAB INJURY- we will go for E-FAST (extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma), non invasive,can easily assess thorax, can easily differentiate whether there is contusion or presence of blood FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma)- It is an Emergency ultra sound i.e. performed very fast - Ass...
Surgery
NEET Jan 2020
0f9a8d24-4638-4ceb-a452-ddd48f79a688
Assessment and aiding for development of funds for the National Blindness Control Programme is done by
WHO
UNICEF
DANIDA
World Bank
3d
single
Funding for the NPCB- The allocation of funds for the NPCB increased with the sta of the World Bank-financed Project in 1995.
Pathology
All India exam
b78f97fb-98a9-44ba-965b-9fed1f6bb064
Most common testicular tumor in prepubeal adults is
Yolk sac tumor
Embryonal cell Ca
Seminoma
Teratoma
0a
single
.Seminoma Testis * Stas in the mediastinum of testis. * Grossly it is lobulated, fleshy, homogenous, creamy or pinkish in colour and it compresses adjacent testicular tissue. * Histologically, malignant cells resemble spermatocytes which are cells containing clear cytoplasm with large nucleus, and are arranged in sheet...
Surgery
Urology
23f29ea8-3fb9-4178-8b04-c8c81327efe2
Urothelium lines all except ?
Ureters
Minor calyx
Urinary bladder
Collecting duct
3d
multi
Urothelium lines much of the urinary tract, extending from the ends of the collecting ducts of the kidneys. through renal calyces, pelvis, ureters and bladder to the proximal poion of the urethra. Urothelium or transitional epithelium has the ability to stretch greatly without loosing its integrity. Thus the urinary or...
Anatomy
null
361bcc03-ebc5-434e-a83c-e653a26271b7
The ureter is identified at operation by:
Rich arterial plexus
Peristaltic movement
Relation to lumber plexus
Accompanied by renal vein
1b
single
At operation, the ureter is recognized by: Its pale glistening appearance By a fine longitudinal plexus of vessels on its surface More particularly by its peristaltic movement By palpation between finger and thumb as a firm cord which, when escapes, gives a characteristic 'snap'. The absence of pulsation does not ser...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
16aa9fea-5df9-4919-8967-47f36f8026b7
A 55 year old man who has been on bed rest for the past 10 days, complain of breathlessness and chest pain. The chest x-ray is normal. The next step in investigation should be:
Lung ventilation - perfusion scan
Pulmonary aeriography
Pulmonary venous wedge angiography
Echocardiography
0a
multi
A i.e. Lung Ventilation Perfusion Scan The h/O breathlessness & chest pain after 10 days of bed rest points towards diagnosis of Pulmonary thromboembolism. So for diagnosing PTE the Vt screening investigation is Ventilation perfusion scanQ and the best/gold standard investigation is Pulmonary angiographyQ
Radiology
null
5abd83e7-b0f9-414e-adfd-e271ecc5f57c
Cystatin C is a novel marker of -
Fatty liver
Vitamin K status
Glomerular filtration
Cholestasis
2c
single
Cystatin C, a marker for early-stage chronic kidney dysfunction, mediates the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Cystatin C is a low-molecular protein (13.4 kDa) that is synthesized at a constant rate in all nucleated cells. Cystatin C is freely filtered through the glomerulus and then reabsorbed and fully catabo...
Pathology
miscellaneous
c0c3c9a6-c320-44e6-bc99-d4b2cf273d0f
The nucleus of basal ganglia
Dentate
Thalamus
Caudate
Red nucleus
2c
single
Basal ganglia -        Caudate nucleus -        Putamen -        Globus pallidus -        Subthalamic nucleus -        Substantia nigra
Physiology
null
a842bf1e-946a-43fd-ab71-fdfd1afdb41d
The most impoant stimulus controlling the level of resting ventilation is:
PO2 on peripheral chemoreceptors
PCO2 on peripheral chemoreceptors
pH on peripheral chemoreceptors
pH of CSF on central chemoreceptors
3d
single
The most impoant stimulus comes from the pH of the CSF on the central chemoreceptors. The other choices are incorrect: The effect of PO2 on the peripheral chemoreceptors under normoxic conditions is very small. Changes in PCO2 do affect the peripheral chemoreceptors, but the magnitude is less than that for the central ...
Physiology
Respiratory System Pa 2
db02edb6-398c-47b7-8fdd-2fef6624edc2
Which one of the following is true about catheter associated UTI?
Most catheter associated UTI patients are symptomatic
Significant bacteriuria occurs in patients catheterized longer than 2 weeks
Most commonly infection is due to staph & streptococcus
All of the above
0a
multi
(A) Most catheter associated UTI patients are symptomatic# Catheter associated urinary tract infections account for 40 percent of all nosocomial infections and is the most common source of gram-negative bacteremia in hospitalized patients> Diagnosis of catheter-associated urinary tract infection can be made when the ur...
Surgery
Miscellaneous
702f4f67-fd17-4cb7-b573-53169986e4f6
Rickettsial infections cause 30% moality due to ?
Endothelial injury
Hemodynamic instability
Endocarditis
Renal failure
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Endothelial injury Rickettsial infections are associated with a high morbidity and moality. The moality rate can be as high as 20% of Rocky Mountain Spotted fever and 30% for epidemic typhus. On entry into the human body, the rickettsiae multiply locally and enter the blood. They become localized chie...
Microbiology
null
212c0514-17d8-430c-a45b-10b2bdfc7c86
MgSO4 have no role in prevention of
Seizures in severe pre-eclampsia
RDS in premature baby
Recurrent seizures in eclampsia
Neuroprotection
1b
single
Magnesium sulphate: - Mechanism of action:- * Reduced presynaptic release of the neurotransmitter glutamate * Blockade of glutaminergic n-methyl-d-aspaate (nmda) receptor * Potentiation of adenosine action * Improved calcium buffering by mitochondria * Blockage of calcium entry voltage-gated channels Used for: - * Seve...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
recent papers obst
87c84b2f-3272-4f4b-a534-b6c6d0a0f0b1
Which of the following is an effect of dinitrophenol on oxidative phosphorylation
Inhibition of cytochrome b
Blockade of both electron transport and ATP synthesis
Inhibition of ATP synthesis with normal electron transport
Inhibition of electron transport but not ATP synthesis
2c
multi
Inhibition of ATP synthesis Dinitrophenol is an uncoupler. Uncouplers cause uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation, i.e. they allow electrons transport to proceed without ATP synthesis.
Biochemistry
null
7d6f7593-99bd-4fa2-9722-2e813270f187
Which of the following drug is used in scabies as single oral dose agent: March 2011
Permethrin
Retinoids
Ivermectin
Co-trimoxazole
2c
single
Ans. C: Ivermectin Ivermectin is used as single oral dose of 200 microgram/ kg body weight It can be repeated after 2 weeks It is indicated in epidemics of scabies in orphanages and Norwegian scabies Scabies: Incubation period: 4 weeks Pathognomic lesion: Burrow, which lies in stratum corneum MC site in infants: Scalp,...
Skin
null
fd18474f-ba5d-4015-9509-2b32f0ccee4d
In fracture of nose, which X-ray view is taken-
Waters view
Caldwells view
Lateral view
Occlusive anterior view
2c
single
1. Lateral view: Best for Sella and Sphenoid sinus and of Nose 2. CALDWELL VIEW/OCCIPITOFRONTAL VIEW: Best view for frontal sinus. 3. WATER /OCCIPITOMENTAL VIEW: Best view for maxillary sinus.
Radiology
X-RAYS
997c91ae-a4cf-4d6c-b84a-7c0999615a4b
Which is the most common type of Renal cell Carcinoma
Chromophilic RCC
Chromophobe RCC
Clear cell RCC
Bellini duct carcinoma
2c
single
Clear cell RCC constitute upto 80% cases of RCC.
Pathology
null
ff6ea448-1eb4-466a-b034-eca2f679c369
Laryngocele arises from which of the following structure?
True cords
Subglottis
Saccule of the ventricle
Anterior commissure
2c
multi
Laryngocele represents an air filled dilatation of the ventricular saccule that communicates with the laryngeal lumen. Laryngocele are of two types internal and external. Internal arises from within the laryngeal ventricle and remains within the larynx External type arises from the laryngeal ventricle and expands into ...
ENT
null
dfdb0601-a6e4-4793-a1ba-7079478bfeff
Which one is excitatory ?
Putamen
Caudate nucleus
Striatum
Subthalamic nucleus
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Subthalamic nucleusBasal ganglia are richly connected with one another.These connections include : ?1) Dopaminergic nigrostriatal projection from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) to the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) and corresponding GABAergic projection from striatum to substantia n...
Physiology
null
c8fe0982-44dd-4bee-ac49-746231ec93f2
Which of these can be safely stopped before an abdominal surgery
ACE inhibitors
Beta blockers
Statins
Steroids
0a
single
Refer CMDT6 2014/45 All antihypeensives should be continued in preoperative period except ACE inhibitors ,angiotensin receptor blockers and diuretics ACE inhibitors and ARBs should be stopped 24 hrs before surgery to prevent intraoperative hypotension Diuretics should be stopped once the patient is kept NPO to prevent ...
Pharmacology
Anesthesia
0d2d7202-502d-4ad0-a16f-cd92d6181830
After premature delivery, mother&;s milk is low in
Lactose
Fat
Protein
Sodium
0a
single
Preterm milk contains more energy, protein, fat, sodium, zinc, anti-infective factors, and macrophages and has a lower content of lactose, calcium, and phosphorus. Ref: Page 98; Ghai essential pediatrics; 6th edition
Pediatrics
Nutrition
c6d74b0f-8003-4cca-aa26-7200e89176dd
All of the statements are true about ileum except -
LN in mesentery
3-6 arcades in continuation
Smaller diameter than jejunum
Large circular mucosal folds
3d
multi
Circular folds are smaller and fewer. There are 3 or 6 arterial arcades with no windows. The lumen of the ileum is narrower and often loaded. Mesentery of jejunum and ileum (mesentery proper) contains 100-200 lymph nodes.
Anatomy
null
0b9a2590-9e64-460b-a358-4017ce6cffa8
Apolipoprotein activating LCAT:
B-48
Apo A-I
Apo A -II
B-100
1b
single
LCAT(Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase) is a plasma enzyme.This is similar to the lipoproteins and can be activated by Apo -I. Also Know: (LCAT) activity is associated with HDL containing apo A-I. As cholesterol in HDL becomes esterified, it creates a concentration gradient and draws in cholesterol from tissues and ...
Biochemistry
null
587500ce-4ea6-4564-a577-dcc80e86f2b0
Suppos of the uterus are all except
Utero sacral ligament
Broad ligament
Mackenrodt's ligament
Mackenrodt's ligament
1b
multi
Mackenrodt's ligament
Anatomy
null
984206bc-4aa4-45cf-898a-7eedb9a5d92c
A 72-year-old man is brought to the emergency room after injuring his right knee in a car accident. The pain started soon after the accident. Later that same day he developed swelling and more intense pain making walking difficult. On physical examination, the knee is warm, swollen, and extremely painful to bend. There...
oral prednisone
intravenous antibiotics
oral NSAIDs
acetaminophen
2c
multi
In traumatic arthritis, swellings, ecchymoses, muscular spasms, and tenderness tend to be present, but fractures must be excluded. This man has calcium pyrophosphate (CPPD) crystal- induced monoarthritis, so called "pseudogout." It is most common in the elderly and can be precipitated by minor trauma. The crystals have...
Medicine
Immunology and Rheumatology
fa0606f5-8a6e-424f-96ba-d142d67d8ec5
Clomiphene citrate used in initial treatment for most anovulatory infertile women is
Steroidal triphenylethylene derivative
Given on 7th day to 10th day after onset of spontaneous menses
Can be administered if no follicle is >20mm and endometrium is <5mm
Is oestrogen antagonist only
2c
single
Clomiphene citrate is non-steroidal derivative given on 3rd to 5th day of cycle. It has both oestrogen agoinst and antagonist properties.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
c63c23e0-1f7a-4a27-82d2-15f785849045
In a study in UK, an association was found between sale of antiarrythmic drug and an increase in deaths due to asthma. This is an example of
Ecological study
Coho study
Case reference study
Experimental study
0a
single
Ecological study [Ref: Park, 21/e p59 (19/e, p58) www.ucel.ac.uk.rlos/specs/rlo_observational_study.doc; Repeat Nov 10 & Nov 06 This is an example of ecological study. An ecological study is a type of Observational study where information is collected on a group (or population) rather than on individual members and the...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
0575387a-b6e7-4977-ab6b-0bae62446335
Which group of organism is responsible for transmitting endemic typhus?
Flea
Tick
Mite
Mosquito
0a
single
The etiologic agent of endemic typhus (murine typhus fever or fleaborne typhus) is Rickettsia typhi, a Gram-negative bacterium and obligate intracellular pathogen. Reservoirs include rats, mice, possibly other mammals, and infected rat fleas. Endemic typhus has a worldwide occurrence.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
eb149b88-c1b7-4925-838b-a5f6fd7c0fc9
Argon laser trabeculoplasty is done in:
Angle closure glaucoma
Angle recession glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma
Open angle glaucoma
3d
single
In Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT) Laser beam is focused on trabecular meshwork Opens up the pores of trabecular meshwork. So that more Aqueous can flow through it in faster time Lowers Intra ocular pressure Typically done in open angle glaucoma Trabecular meshwork After ALT
Ophthalmology
FMGE 2018
11bd43d2-3007-493c-aea4-be1dcdd2376b
A 25-year-old woman has cauliflower shaped perineal lesions that are diagnosed as condyloma acuminatum. The etiologic agent is
HSV.
Treponema pallidum.
Haemophilus ducreyi.
HPV.
3d
multi
Condyloma acuminatum is a nonmalignant neoplastic-like papillomatous condition that affects epithelium of the perineal, vulval, perianal and vaginal regions. It is caused by HPV (most often HPV 6 and 11). Given histopathological slide is showing Condyloma acuminatum Acanthosis and koilocytosis of squamous epithelium. B...
Pathology
Female genital Tract
33291f0b-24b0-45b8-b343-1070958191a3
During rapid sequence intubation in a child after taking brief history and clinical examination next step is:
Administer oxygen
IV anesthetic Diazepam/Ketamine
Preanaesthetic medication with atropine and lignocaine
Analgesic injection with Fentanyl
0a
multi
Administer oxygen REF: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_sequence_induction & others Rapid Sequence Induction (RSI) is an advanced medical procedure, designed for the expeditious induction of sedation and subsequent intubation of the trachea of a patient (endotracheal intubation). RSI is generally used for patients wh...
Anaesthesia
null
f30c1ff2-33a9-4190-9efc-1e595241b067
Most common nerve damaged in leg:
Common peroneal nerve
Femoral nerve
Sciatic nerve
Tibial nerve
0a
single
Ans. A Common peroneal nerveRef: Neuromuscular Diseases: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management By Schwartz, P 134* Book states: "In leg the common peroneal nerve is most often affected nerve". Nerves may be damaged at the time of fracture or afterwards from the effects of movement or of reduction of a disloc...
Anatomy
Lower Extremity
a2dc8023-3fb7-464a-a151-d754fac42ff1
Ataxia abasia is seen in
Conversion disorder
PTSD
Depression
Mania
0a
single
Conversion Disorder Conversion disorder is characterised by the following clinical features: 1. Presence of symptoms or deficits affecting motor or sensory function, suggesting a medical or neurological disorder. 2. Sudden onset. 3. Development of symptoms usually in the presence of a significant psychosocial stressor(...
Psychiatry
Somatoform disorders
c06b139e-2ab5-4618-b5e5-e25412eec187
Which cells cause rosette formation with sheep RBCs-
T cells
NK cells
Monocytes
B cells
0a
single
Erythrocyte rosetting or E-rosetting is a phenomenon seen through a microscope where red blood cells (erythrocytes) are arranged around a central cell to form a cluster that looks like a flower. The red blood cells surrounding the cell form the petal, while the central cell forms the stigma of the flower shape. This fo...
Microbiology
Immunology
12cb59fa-b0b7-4b83-8815-d228f0ff8cc1
A child presented with tall stature, long spider leg like fingers, chest deformity and some vision problems. His eye examination shows the following: What is your diagnosis?
Marfan syndrome
Lowe syndrome
Homocystinuria
GM1 gangliosidosis
0a
multi
The skeletal abnormalities like tall stature, long spider leg like fingers, chest deformity and presence of eye lens dislocation in the superolateral direction, points to a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome. Homocystinuria- inferonasal dislocation of lens + marfanoid features Lowe syndrome- cataract GM1 gangliosidosis- macu...
Pediatrics
Disorders of Amino acid Metabolism
cefd08e2-8071-49e9-9e51-413ab8186e7c
'Obstruction of Inferior vena cava' presents :
Paraumblical dilatation
Thoraco-epigastric dilatation
Oesophagus varies
Haemorrhoides
1b
single
B i.e. Thoraco-epigastric dilation
Anatomy
null
ccd1cf97-fa6f-4f9d-b176-c6679777912f
NOT True about hepatorenal pouch of Morrison:
It is the most dependent pouch of peritoneal cavity in supine posture
Right sub hepatic recess
Largest recess of peritoneal cavity
Communicates with infracolic and lesser sac compament
2c
multi
CHOICE EXPLANATION & ELIMINATION REASON 1 It is the most dependent pouch of peritoneal cavity in supine posture 2 Right sub hepatic recess 3 Lesser sac is the largest recess 4 True statement
Anatomy
Peritoneal cavity and inguinal region
ecc874b2-6e11-4bd8-95b4-084ff3900e9c
Fetal pas are palpable at the earliest by: Maharashtra 08
16 weeks
18 weeks
20 weeks
28 weeks
2c
single
Ans. 20 weeks
Forensic Medicine
null
c81581d9-1d49-4eef-94e7-5996bd88102d
ATT most commonly implicated in causing peripheral neuropathy is:
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
INH
Ethambutol
2c
single
Isoniazid (lsonicotinic acid hydrazide, H) Isoniazid is the antitubercular drug parexcellence, and an essential component of all antitubercular regimens, unless the patient is not able to tolerate it or bacilli are resistant. lt is primarily tuberculocidal. Fast multiplying organisms are rapidly killed, but quiescent o...
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
b59ed9bb-5650-455f-82d7-de06dc5d0103
Least likely cause of renal papillary necrosis?
Sickle cell disease
Analgesic nephropathy
Posterior urethral valves
Diabetes with UTI
2c
single
c. Posterior urethral valves(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2562-2567Ghai 8/e p 485-486)Sickle cell disease, use of analgesics and Diabetes are important causes of Renal papillary necrosis.
Pediatrics
Kidney
4ec3e603-d7aa-4dbd-980b-54626337cd03
Biological False l'ositive/ BFP serological test for syphilis may be encountered in: September 2004
Viral hepatitis
SLE
Leprosy
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. D i.e. All of the above
Microbiology
null
e4f44e40-d163-49f9-9291-508de06c13ab
Fulminant hepatitis is most commonly associated with which type of hepatitis -
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hepatitis B Fulminant hepatits* The most feared complication of viral hepatitis is fulminant hepatitis (massive hepatic necrosis); fortunately, this is a rare event.* Fulminant hepatitis is primarily seen in hepatitis B and D, as well as hepatitis E, but rare fulminant cases of hepatitis A occur prima...
Medicine
Infection
fd59e56e-b9d9-4fae-82ed-57082bc1e8aa
All of the following are true about Xeroderma pigmentosum except:
Skin manifestations appear within first 2 years of life
Increased risk of non melanotic skin cancers
Nucleotide excision repair defect
Autosomal dominant inheritance
3d
multi
Xeroderma Pigmentosum At increased risk for the development of cancers of the skin paicularly following exposure to the UV light contained in sun rays. UV radiation causes cross-linking of pyrimidine residues, preventing normal DNA replication. Such DNA damage is repaired by the nucleotide excision repair system. Incre...
Pathology
JIPMER 2017
79ca2108-a760-46a0-b6d3-e8bdd2506719
Which complication you would expect during internal podalic version in case of transverse lie?
Uterine rupture
Cervical laceration
Uterine atony
Vaginal laceration
0a
single
This manoeuvre is currently used only for the delivery of a second twin. It consists of the inseion of a hand into the uterine cavity to turn the fetus manually. Complications of internal podalic version in mother: Uterine rupture Hemorrhage Complications of internal podalic version in child Traumatic intracerebral hem...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
72e6d774-354f-44bc-a37c-5043c22627b7
A 27 year old man presents to a physician because he was not able to feel a burn that he had sustained on the stove burner. Neurologic studies demonstrate bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in the upper extremities with preservation of touch sensation. No motor abnormalities are observed. This patient's c...
Arnold-Chiari malformation
Broca's aphasia
Horner's syndrome
Tabes dorsalis
0a
single
The patient most probably has syringomyelia, in which softening and cavitation around the central canal of the spinal cord damages crossing fibers of the spinothalamic tract with resulting bilateral loss of pain and temperature (but not touch) sensation in the upper extremities. Many of the patients with syringomyelia ...
Pathology
null
47bda2e9-6aa6-443e-a1a7-94a12baf38f8
A 40-year-old man presents to casualty with history of regular and heavy use of alcohol for 10 years and morning drinking for one year. The last alcohol intake was three days back. There is no history of head injury or seizures. On examination, there is no icterus, sign of hepatic encephalopathy or focal neurological s...
Diazepam
Haloperidol
Imipramine
Naltrexone
0a
multi
Ans. A i.e. Diazepam
Psychiatry
null
a9d6a4df-029e-4955-bf03-388dc4580f0b
All are true for PTSD except
Hippocampus & amygdala
Anhedonia
Depression and quilt
Anxiolytic is treatment of choice
3d
multi
D i.e. Anxiolytic is treatment of choice
Psychiatry
null
43fb2a4c-1d10-4c48-b2c8-c6b55911e3b6
Organic nitrates can lead to the development of tolerance when used chronically. Which of the following preparations is least likely to develop tolerance:
Sustained release oral nitroglycerine
Sublingual nitroglycerine
Transdermal nitroglycerine
Oral pentaerythritol tetranitrate
1b
multi
Tolerance develops to nitrates, when these are present constantly in the blood. Sublingual route leads to immediate action of nitrates and these act for a sho time. Other preparations mentioned in the question are more likely to give consistent plasma levels of nitrates leading to development of tolerance.
Pharmacology
CHF, Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction
12b066ea-8045-4a1f-a3c4-e8dfe3c75b9c
All is true about Pecquet duct EXCEPT
Begins at level of T 12
Enters thorax through aoic opening
Crosses from right to left at level of T8
Passes the superior apeure of thorax
2c
multi
Thoracic duct, aka duct pecquet, is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body. it Crosses from right to left at level of T5 It extends from the lower border of T12 as a continuation of the cisterna chyli. Enters thorax through the aoic opening of diaphragm along with the aoa & azygous veins. It ascends through the poste...
Anatomy
Thorax- wall and Bronchopulmonary segment
8754f052-9403-43c3-99ee-c6ac34d8c9fc
Average menstrual flow during normal menses is?
50ml
100ml
90ml
120ml
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 50mlAverage amount of blood loss during normal mensturation is 30-40 ml per cycle.Heavy bleeding is considered if blood loss is more than 60-80 ml per cycle.
Physiology
null
6fb1988a-145a-4aa8-a413-d346c0e15296
Which of the following malignancies are not associated with Trousseau's syndrome?
Ca pancreas
Ca lung
Ca stomach
Liposarcoma
3d
single
Trousseau syndrome refers to the presence of migratory deep vein thrombophlebitis which occur due to the release of platelet aggregating factors and procoagulants from the tumor or its necrotic products. Malignancies associated with this syndrome are carcinoma of pancreas, lung, stomach, colon or ovary.
Medicine
null
c7714ef6-1970-4b69-a285-0115e9b3737f
The order of imaging methods (from worst to best) with respect to visibility of detail (resolution) is:-
Gamma camera, fluoroscopy, CT
Ultrasound, fluoroscopy, radiography
Gamma camera, fluoroscopy, MRI
Fluoroscopy,Radiography, MRI
2c
single
Nuclear scans It is a Functional scan Uses Gamma camera Has poor spatial resolution MRI - has good spatial resolution So, the order of imaging methods (from worst to best) with respect to visibility of detail (resolution) is - Gamma camera < fluoroscopy < MRI
Radiology
Radiology Q Bank
cfa11629-8c23-44dd-aba5-cd99e6761632
A 60-year-old male presented to your OPD with this problem. What is the preferred treatment?
Frykman-Goldberg procedure
Well's procedure
Delorme procedure
Ripstein procedure
2c
single
Patient is 60 year old, Delorme procedure is done DELORME's PROCEDURE - RECTAL PROLAPSE Abdominal Perineal - | Recurrence rate - | recurrence rate - | Morbidity - | morbidity - Young patients - Elderly and frail pts - Mn: W- Well's A- Abdominal approach R- Ripstein - Mn: P - Perineal A - Altmier's D - Delorme - Frykmen...
Surgery
Rectum and anal canal
67bb78da-3e2b-4c2d-9f85-e09d48462f1f
Which of the following is the largest protein in the body that connects M line to Z line during active muscle contraction?
Actin
Desmin
Titin
All of above
2c
multi
Ans. C. Titin. (Ref. Guyton & Hall's Textbook of Medical Physiology 11th/pg. 463)SarcomereThe portion of the myofibril (or of the whole muscle fiber) that lies between two successive Z discs is called a sarcomere. When the muscle fiber is contracted, the length of the sarcomere is about 2 micrometers. At this length, t...
Physiology
General
8fad4303-be72-4862-be96-64c16f46c1eb
A neonate with Down syndrome is having bilious vomiting
Duodenal atresia
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Ileal atresia
Anorectal malformation
0a
single
Ans. (a) Duodenal atresia Ref - The image shows the presence of double bubble appearance suggestive of diagnosis of duodenal atresia. About 8% of children with Down syndrome are born with duodenal atresia which presents with bilious vomiting.
Unknown
null
5a93635f-ff06-47e1-81f7-fa4a824788a0
Rib ossification center first appears in which rib ?
1st
12th
6th
3rd
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 6thEach rib (except for 11th& 12th) is ossified from four centres :-One primary centre-->for bodyThree epiphyseal (secondary )centres for :-HeadAicular pa of tubercleNon aicular pa of tubercleOssification begins near the angle toward the end of 2" month (around 8th week) of fetal life, and is seen fir...
Anatomy
null
6fd718b3-733c-4a4b-ab82-1fb12d0c4e7f
Locus heterogeneity is feature of
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Osteopetrosis
Muscular dystrophies
All of the above
2c
multi
Ans. c (Muscular dystrophies) (Ref. H - 18th/Ch. 63; 16th/pg. 360).Many disorders exhibit the feature of locus heterogeneityf which refers to the fact that mutations in different genes can cause phenotypicaily similar disorders. For example, osteogenesis imperfecta, long QT syndrome, muscular dystrophy, homocystinuria,...
Medicine
Genetics
d1bee68f-9d8e-4332-b954-12b632b71771
Phagocytosis in the CNS is done by
Astrocytes
Schwann cells
microglia
Oligocytes
2c
single
Microglia in CNS has phagocytic activity.
Physiology
null
50627552-1a6d-4791-87dd-11d154b6f1b0
Tone of the anal sphincter in maintained by
Nervi erigentes
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Inferior rectal nerve
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
2c
single
The anal sphincters and puborectalis are the primary muscles responsible for continence. There are two sphincters: the internal anal sphincter, and the external anal sphincter. The internal sphincter is responsible for 85% of the resting muscle tone and is involuntary. ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg413-416
Anatomy
Abdomen and pelvis
bdb6ae7e-f3b8-493a-a05c-a54770ac8059
All are true about hyperophic obstructive cardiomypathy except-
Asymmeric hyperophy of septum
Systolic motion of anterior leaflet
Left ventricle outflow obstruction
Beta blockers are not effective
3d
multi
Ref:Harrison&;s 19th E pg 1568. Beta-blockers are the drug of choice for HOCM. Decreasing the contractility of hea prevents the hyperophied septum coming in contact with the anterior leaflet of the mitral Valve. Hence reducing the obstruction.
Medicine
C.V.S
6c81ba3c-0598-4cf8-afe5-d16e768f39fa
Which of the following statements regarding Wits analysis is false?
Developed to overcome the limitations of ANB
The position of the teeth have no influence
Uses the functional occlusal plane
Does not specify which jaw is at fault
1b
multi
The Wits analysis was conceived primarily as a way to overcome the limitations of ANB as an indicator of jaw discrepancy. It is based on a projection of points A and B to the occlusal plane, along which the linear difference between these points is measured. If the anteroposterior position of the jaws is normal, the pr...
Dental
null
f453239e-7a50-4fcc-a6c3-a30bab8a7bbc
Best biochemical description of glucose is?
Exists as ketose sugar
Present in L form in all biosystems
Its C-4 epimer is galactose
It's a disaccharide
2c
multi
Glucose: Simple sugar (monosaccharides) Has six carbon atoms (hexose) Its C-4 epimer is galactose Has 2 isomers - D-isomer (D-glucose/dextrose, occurs widely in nature) and L-isomer (L-glucose - does not occur much in nature) It is stored as a polymer (in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen)
Biochemistry
null
dc292757-8fba-4cab-843d-b8cde3075d6c
Which of the following techniques is the best for differentiating recurrence of brain tumour from radiation therapy-induced necrosis?
MRI
Contrast enhanced MRI
PET scan
CT scan
2c
single
"MRI or CT scans are often unable to distinguish radiation necrosis from recurrent tumor, but PET or SPECT scans may demonstrate that glucose metabolism is increased in tumor tissue but decreased in radiation necrosis."
Radiology
null
77f2f0d4-ba9c-4b90-be54-f4df8f6f1af8
Withdraw! bleeding occurs when progestins administered continuously :
Estrogen concentration is sufficient
Structural abnormality in the pelvis
Associated with endocrine disorder
Atrophic endometrium
0a
single
Estrogen concentration is sufficient
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
7db0f85c-3610-4da8-ace7-87fd78e444b2
Profuse watery diarrhea in an immuno compromised child is due to -
Cryptococcus
Amoeba
Giardia
Lactose intolerance
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Giardia Diarrhea in immunocompromised child (AIDS) include bacterial (salmonella, compylobacter) ,protozoal (giardiasis, cryptosporidium), and viral (CMV, HSV) causes.
Pediatrics
null