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4a2508c2-4dac-4964-a480-5bc9fdc1e16f | True about TSS - | Most commonly due to TSST-1 | Mensturation is a risk factor | Anti- staph antibodies are contraindicated | all | 0a | multi | . Ans. is 'a' i.e. Most commoly due to TSST-1 . Toxic shock syndrome is most commonly caused by toxic shock syndrome toxin type-I (TSST-I), which is a superantigen produced by Staphylococcus aureus. . Option 'b' is tricky one . First read following statement. "Toxic shock syndrome (T-S.S.) was first recognized as a dis... | Microbiology | null |
eba769ee-8558-49c2-80ec-ebea0b7bc8bd | A temporary, provisional view held by people on a point of debate is | Opinion | Practice | Attitude | Belief | 0a | single | Opinions are views held by people on a point of dispute. Opinions by definition are temporary, provisional.They are based on the evidence available at the time.Beliefs, on the other hand, are permanent, stable, almost unchanging.We accept beliefs, without trying to prove that they are true.Park 23e pg: 676 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Social science, Mental health & Genetics |
b61ea2a7-f795-4125-8814-4a9388f9bea1 | Consent is required for: UP 11 | Mass immunization | Medico-legal autopsy | Pathological autopsy | Treatment of unconscious patient | 2c | single | Ans. Pathological autopsy | Forensic Medicine | null |
ed0f0810-20c4-41b6-b511-4a64f9ab197b | Which is the most specific autoantibody in SLE | Anti - nuclear antibody | Anti - smith antibody | Anti - histone antibody | Anti - Ro antibody | 1b | single | Most sensitive - anti nuclear antibody.
Most specific - anti smith antibody. | Pathology | null |
b3e39eac-83a2-43c7-9e95-ee9bcc62a2d8 | Which of the following aeries is a direct branch of the gastroduodenal aery? | Right gastric aery | Left gastric aery | Inferior pancreaticoduodenal aery | Right gastroepiploic aery | 3d | single | The greater curvature is supplied by the right gastroepiploic aery which is the direct branch from the gastroduodenal aery .Right gastroepiploic aery runs between the layer of the greater omentum, anastomosing with the left gastro epiploic aery, a branch from the splenic aery. The gastroduodenal aery arises from the co... | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
82f014e5-14b1-4c58-83e6-17d4a2ec93dc | Most common psychiatric illness - | Depression | Bipolar | Mania | Cyclothymia | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Depressiono Depresson is the most common psychiatric disorder that affect 15% of the population at some time in their lives (Mates - 8-12%; Females -20-25%). Middle aged (25-45 years) females are most commonly affected.o Note : Among the given options, depression is most common. Overall, anxiety disor... | Psychiatry | Substance Abuse |
003bbe14-df1b-4674-ae11-84a7a82427f9 | Diagnostic criteria of CML are - | Auer rods | Basophilia | LAP score | Chromosomal abnormality seen (t 9:22) | 3d | single | Ans. is 'e' i.e., Chromosomal abnormality seen (t 9:22) | Pathology | null |
34bcf5be-c887-429d-b937-874ce4f000e0 | Spider-leg sign on IVP is suggestive of: March 2010 | Pyelonephritis | Renal aery stenosis | Polycystic kidney disease | Bilateral hydronephrosis | 2c | single | Ans. C: Polycystic kidney disease Polycystic Kidneys Bilateral renal swelling in a man with or without dragging pain in the loin Hematuria Uremia Urine: Low specific gravity with albumin and a few casts IVP: Attenuated and elongated (spider leg) calyces with terminal clubbing or cupping. | Pathology | null |
2cc70655-c45e-443f-8bd8-0b9b46c37bc4 | Incidence of preterm delivery in twin pregnancy is | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | 1b | single | Incidence of preterm in twin pregnancy is 50% Mean gestational age for twins is 37weeks Causes of prematurity: Overdistention of uterus Hydromnios Premature rupture of membranes Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 193. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
ea8b8dd4-c16e-4ba2-8fde-e26a89fb32f0 | Death in Poliomyelitis is due to: | Infection | Neurogenic shock | Cardiac failure | Respiratory paralysis | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Respiratory paralysisParalytic polio: About 1 percent of polio cases can develop into paralytic polio. Paralytic polio leads to paralysis in the spinal cord (spinal polio), brainstem (bulbar polio), or both (bulbospinal polio). It's rare for full paralysis to develop. Less than 1 percent of all polio ... | Microbiology | Virology |
f881fc31-cf7d-41d9-81dc-5c418b67e132 | Azidothymidine (Zidovudine), commonest side effect is | Hyperuricemia | Pancreatitis | Peripheral neuropathy | Macrocytic anaemia | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Macrocytic anaemia "The most common adverse effect of zidovudine is myelosuppression, resulting in macrocytic anemia (1-4%) or neutropenia (2-8%)". So most common side effect of zidovudine is neutropenia (2-8%) followed by macrocytic anemia (1-4%). Other side effects are - nausea, anorexia, headache, ... | Pharmacology | null |
575bcd97-0e40-4319-8a31-e76b4121730b | "Buruli" ulcer is caused by: | M. Ulcerans | M. Marinum | M. Kasasi | M. Fouitium | 0a | single | M. Ulcerans | Microbiology | null |
b215d93e-5dff-4d41-8c79-facad2907dc8 | All are true about Clozapine except: | More potently blocks D2 as compared to D1 receptors | Blood level below 350 ng/ml should be maintained to avoid agranulocytosis | Should not be used along with Carbamazepine | Should be discontinued if the WBC count is below 3,000/mm3 cells | 1b | multi | Ans. (B) Blood level below 350 mg/ml should be maintained to avoid agranulocytosis(Ref: Drug Facts and Comparisons 2006/1205-1206; Goodman Gilman 12th/427,432)High plasma concentration of Clozapine increases the risk of seizures (not agranulocytosis). However, usual plasma concentration required in many persons is 300-... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
d9bc0628-05e8-4139-b622-ed5b3fd3153d | Whole skull is used to calculate: PGI 12 | Cephalic index | Nasal index | Crural index | Brachial index | 0a | single | Ans. Cephalic index | Forensic Medicine | null |
8724c358-cd7f-4eca-8b3a-14a06b23f59a | The fifth generation amalgam included? | Silver, copper, tin | Silver, copper, zinc, tin, indium | Silver, copper, tin, indium | Silver, copper, tin, palladium | 2c | multi | The alloying of silver, copper, tin and indium together creating a quaternary alloy in which almost none of the tin is available to react with the mercury when mixed with the powder, was the 5th generation amalgam to be developed.
Reference: Marzouk Operative dentistry, pg-106 | Dental | null |
8678c5f7-8052-4165-b610-160b0ca01d01 | The following methods are used to lower the intracranial pressure in patients with head injury except | Hyperventilation | Administration of Mannitol | Hypothermia | Administration of Nifedipine | 3d | multi | ICP monitoring guides the use of specific therapies such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, sedation, mild hyperventilation, or hyperosmolar euvolemia with administration of hypeonic saline or mannitol, or both, for control of ICP and CPP. Ref: Youmans-and-Winn-Neurological-Surgery 8th ed, p-2943 | Surgery | Trauma |
4c43fc77-702c-44a6-9f2f-b9cab4cbee5c | In which of the following is blood flow not increased in REM sleep? | Primary visual coex | Anterior cingulate coex | Pons | Amygdala | 0a | single | Positron emission tomography (PET) scans of humans in REM sleep show increased activity in the pontine area, amygdala, and anterior cingulate gyrus, but decreased activity in the prefrontal and parietal coex.Activity in visual association areas is increased, but there is a decrease in the primary visual coex. This is c... | Physiology | Nervous system |
ea72dc2f-d728-44cf-a48a-140266707f99 | What is Agoraphobia? | Fear of heights | Fear of closed spaces | Fear of open spaces | Fear of dogs | 2c | single | Agoraphobia is characterised by an irrational fear of being in places away from the familiar setting of the home. Although it was earlier thought to be a fear of open spaces only, now it includes fear of open spaces, public places, crowded places and any other place from where there is no easy escape to a safe place. (... | Psychiatry | Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief |
3f2f6124-98fa-461a-b0c8-9eaaaf534314 | Hea rate is decreased by | Propanolol | Isoprenaline | Dopamine | Dobutamine | 0a | single | ref; KD Tripathi Pharmacology 6th edition (page no;136) Propranolol is a beta blocker which decreases hea rate, force of contraction (at relatively higher doses) and cardiac output (c.o.). beta blocker inhibits adrenergic responses mediated through the beta receptors. Isoprenaline,Dobutamine,Dopamine are adrenergic dru... | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
d1735984-db7a-4f1f-b196-357960ebd4ea | The primary respiratory regulatory centre is located at | Dorsal medulla | Aponeurotic centre | Pneumotaxic center | Ventral medulla | 0a | single | The respiratory centers are located in the medulla oblongata and pons, which are pas of the brainstem. The respiratory centers are divided into four major groups, two groups in the medulla and two in the pons. The two groups in the medulla are the dorsal respiratory group and the ventral respiratory group. The two grou... | Physiology | Nervous system |
925e3f79-037d-4ec9-a135-0cd164c15d0f | Which of the following is Single most important indicator of likelihoodness of progression of hepatitis to liver cirrhosis? | Etiology | Associated serological findings | Presence of bridging necrosis | Presence of Mallory hyaline | 0a | multi | Ans. a (Etiology) (Ref Robbins 7th/898)Robbins 7th/p. 898:# The single most indicator of the likelihoodness of rapid progression chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis is underlying etiology.# 'Interface hepatitis and bridging necrosis' are harbingers of progressive liver diseases in patients with any form of chronic hepatitis... | Pathology | Liver & Biliary Tract |
69ea125c-d03f-4b6c-8b91-563b4276bd62 | Pulsatile otorrhoea is seen in: | Glomus tumour | CSF otorrhea | ASOM | Fistula | 2c | single | Ans. C ASOMASOM -In stage of suppuration-pulsatile otorrhea is present .Light house sign: Seen in ASOM when pulsatile otorrhea reflects light intermittently on-otoscopy | ENT | null |
d7ad68d6-b31a-45b1-a153-e07a4e495f0e | Index of potency of general anaesthesia | Minimum alveolar concentration | Diffusion coefficient | Dead space concentration | Alveolar blood concentration | 0a | single | A i.e. Minimum alveolar concentration | Anaesthesia | null |
5f79af41-0a7f-492e-980a-9a45acc069b9 | Which among the following is computer controlled injection system: | WAND. | TENS. | Denti patch. | Jet injections. | 0a | single | It is a computer controlled injection system in which dosage is controlled by computer. | Dental | null |
2c52e735-bcb1-432b-8b92-cd6f56186764 | The type of mammary ductal carcinoma is situ (DCIS) most likely to result in a palpable abnormality in the breast is | Apocrine DCIS | Neuroendocrine DCIS | Well differentiated DCIS | Comedo DCIS | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' Comedo DCIS Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) can be divided into two types : Comedo carcinomas and Non-comedocarcinomas DCIS are usually detected as calcifications on mammography but comedo carcinomas can present as palpable nodules. | Surgery | null |
d1c13b24-5085-4284-8c82-0388fe207918 | Most important factor associated with progression of HIV positive to AIDS is? | Nutrition | Viral load | Age | CD4 count | 3d | single | Ans is 'd' i.e. CD4 count * HIV can infect and kill many different types of cells in the body, but the primary targets are immune cells called CD4 T-cells. The CD4 T-cells are white blood cells that help coordinate the immune system's response to infection and disease. CD4 T-cells count is the most important factor det... | Pathology | Infectious Disease |
c5412114-9a40-453c-9d28-f6ce7411c881 | Which of the following condition has increased risk ofmalignancy- | Metaplasia | Dysplasia | Hyperplasia | Inflammation | 0a | single | Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with another mature differentiated cell type. The change from one type of cell to another may be pa of a normal maturation process, or caused by some so of abnormal stimulus. In simplistic terms, it is as if the original cells are not robust enoug... | Pathology | General pathology |
4da3f304-bfd5-4db2-a660-5d5a2320a311 | Varicella zoster virus belongs to which family of DNA viruses - | Poxviridae | Herpesviridae | Adenoviridae | Papovaviridae | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Herpesviridae DNA virusesPoxviridae :-Variola, vaccinia, cowpox, monkeypox, tanapox, mofluscum contagiosumHerpesviridae :- HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella-zoster, EBV, CMV. HTLV-1, RK-virusAdenoviride :- AdenovirusParvoviridae :-Parvovirus, Adenosatello virus, DensovirusPapovaviridae :-Papilloma virus (HPV), ... | Microbiology | Herpesviruses |
bd9fbcad-a531-4796-9641-7d59dbe187c9 | End product of purine metabolism is? | Alanine | Uric acid | Ammonia | Allantoin | 1b | multi | ANSWER: (B) Uric addREF: Biochemistry 3rd edition by S C Rastogi page 366,In humans and higher primates, uric acid is the final oxidation (breakdown) product of purine metabolism and is excreted in urine.AUantoin is a natural end product of purine metabolism in most mammals other than humans. | Biochemistry | Metabolism of Purines and Pyrimidines |
53d0fd05-9fd6-4daf-a444-47303c37a667 | Proprioception is carried by which fibers? | Fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis | Anterior spinothalamic tract | Lateral spinothalamic tract | Spinocerebellar tract | 0a | single | Ans. is'a'i.e., Fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis(Ref: Guyton 12th/e p. 573)Posterior column (Dorsal column) (Fasciculus Gracilis and Fasciculus Cuneatus) carriesProprioception (Position of body or limb, position of joint)VibrationFine touch (two point discrimination, topognosis, stereognosis).Kinesthesia | Anatomy | null |
6b7c2a2e-faa0-4c88-915f-1a2da8bd5523 | Sin of gommorrah is another name for:- | Anal intercourse | Lesbianism | Buccal coitus | Tribadism | 2c | single | Unnatural sexual offences: Buccal coitus/sin of gommorrah: oral coitus, penile buccal coitus Bestiality / Zoophilia: sex with lower animals Sodomy / Greek love / buggery: penile anal intercourse Lesbianism / sapphism / Tribadism: Female homosexuals. | Forensic Medicine | Sexual offences |
626073aa-d879-4c9f-b526-ff8fa5df0b6f | Basic pathology in rickets- | Defective bone matrix formation | Defect in mineralization | Defect in osteoid formation | All of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Defect in mineralizationo To know the pathophysiology of rickets, one should know the structure of bone.o Bone consists of ?1) Protein matrix i.e. osteoid ----> also known as unmineralized bone.2) Mineral phase. principally composed of calcium and phosphate, mostly in the form of hydroxyapatite.o In r... | Pediatrics | null |
122a1e66-4d1e-4320-95ad-3acaf7dd683e | In glomerular disease which of the following is mainly excreted in Urine | Albumin | Globulin | Ligh chain | Heavy chain | 0a | single | Normally, the glomerular filtration system is extraordinarily permeable to water and small solutes and almost completely impermeable to molecules of the size and molecular charge of albumin (a 70,000-kDa protein). Ref: Robbins book of pathology. Kumar abbas aster. 9th edition. Page no 518 | Pathology | Urinary tract |
983d14f6-7fb9-49dd-b250-41673c34ddfe | Infundibulum develops from ? | Floor of lateral ventricle | Floor of 4th ventricle | Floor of third ventricle | Rhombencephalon | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Floor of third ventricle(Ref: Textbook of Neuroanatomy p. 112)The infundibulum of the diencephalon is a downward evagination of the floor of the third ventricle.As the infundibulum grows down, it meets an ectodermal diveiculum of the oral cavity, known as Rathke's pouch. | Anatomy | null |
416671ec-c917-4801-a231-ded58dffb89d | Burst Fracture of spine is a - | Compression Fracture | Extension injury | Direct injury | Flexion - rotation | 0a | single | Burst fracture (crushed communited fracture) is caused by axial (vertical) compression injury. | Orthopaedics | null |
b276f941-a708-4910-b24b-4d9e038fa10b | Cadaveric position of vocal cords ? | Midline | 1.5 mm from midline | 3.5 mm from midline | 7.5 mm from midline | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 3.5 mm from midline Position of vocal cords The position of the vocal cords may be described as being in various positions. These are : ? 1. Median position The vocal cords are in midline. This is the position of normal larynx during phonation and in recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. 2. Paramedian posi... | ENT | null |
1b4a5d33-ee54-445f-8d23-9253ab3e2a5b | True about adenocarcinoma of lung -a) More common in femaleb) Smoking is not associated withc) Central cavitationsd) Upper lobe involvement is most commone) Peripheral involvement | abc | bcd | abe | acd | 2c | multi | Adenocarcinoma of lung
Adenocarcinoma is the most common lung cancer, overall.
Also the most common type of lung cancer in women and nonsmokers.
This is a malignant epithelial tumor with glandular differentiation or mucin production by tumor cells.
Growth pattern may be any of the following
Acinar
Bronchioalve... | Pathology | null |
09df371b-7104-48d6-833e-fdabb250cfa9 | Best investigation for temporal bone fracture is: | CT | MRI | X-RAY | Ultrasound | 0a | single | Ans. CT | Radiology | null |
dab4f1e8-a17f-4bbb-ae1a-df9a21ca6c4b | A 42-year-old woman is noted to have Type II diabetes for 20 years. She is noted to have hypeension with BP in the 150/94 range. The urinalysis shows mild proteinuria. Wof drugs would be the best to treat the hypeension in this individual | Enalapril | Hydrochlorothiazide | Propranolol | Nifedipine | 0a | single | ANGIOTENSIN CONVEING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORS Enalapril has similar effects as captopril, but may offer ceain advantages 1. More potent, effective dose 5-20 mg OD or BD. 2. Its absorption is not affected by food. 3. Onset of action is slower (due to need for conversion to active metabolite), less liable to cause abrupt ... | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
5793518b-6b26-49ed-b7bf-63936f7e0c42 | Snow storm appearance is seen in? | Tubal pregnancy | Abdominal pregnancy | Hydatidiform mole | Fibroid | 2c | single | ANSWER: (C) Hydatidiform moleREF: Dutta obs 6th e p. 196Investigations used in H.moleultrasound* Snow storm appearance in uterus* Complete molar pregnancy (chorionic villi show diffuse hydropic swelling and absence of fetal shadow)* Some fetal tissue seen* For diagnostic purpose USG alone is adequate , hormonal assays ... | Radiology | Obstetrical Ultrasonography in the Second Trimester |
90fe2907-7865-43e9-a3f3-684d99f4a1d4 | Best laboratory test to diagnose HIV infection March 2007 | ELISA | Western blot | Complement fixation test | RIA | 1b | single | Ans. B: Western blot | Microbiology | null |
bc1fd67d-493c-43c5-8751-242e166f7c70 | Largest cross-sectional area | Aery | Veins | Capillaries | Venules | 2c | single | Capillaries have largest total c.s area which is 4500 cm2Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology Twenty-Third Edition Page No:537 Table no:32-9 | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
4d7f16c7-b471-434f-9892-76f6285b3831 | Pregnant,37 weeks of gestation has mild pains for 10 hours and cervix is persistently 1cm dilated and non-effaced. What will be the next appropriate management : | Sedation and wait | Augmentalion with oxytocin | Cesarean section | Amniotomy | 0a | single | In primi, the latent phase is often long (about 8 hours) during which effacement occurs; the cervical dilatation averaging only 0.35 cm/hr. In multi, the latent phase is sho (about 4 hours) and effacement and dilatation occur simultaneously. Latent phase is the preparatory phase of the uterus and the cervix before the ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
5463f517-6b12-44ce-a7bc-731a6e8ad369 | Rigor mois stas in: UP 08 | Eyelids | Hea | Voluntary muscle | Limbs | 1b | single | Ans. Hea | Forensic Medicine | null |
ded1857a-a85a-49cd-ba75-0ba6efa96fb8 | Reading and writing skills of a moderate mentally retarded child: | Reasonable | Basic | Minimal | None | 1b | multi | Learning disability Mild disability Moderate disability Severe/profound disability IQ level 69-50 49-35 <35 % of cases 85% 10% 5% Self-care Independent Need some help Limited Language Reasonable Limited Basic/none Reading & writing Reasonable Basic Minimal/none Ability to work Semi-skilled Unskilled, supervised Basic-t... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Definition and Concepts in Sociology & Psychology |
e0f37d7e-02dc-4cf7-86d3-f5c07899fb61 | Methotrexate is an example for which of the following class of drugs? | Antibiotic | Alkylating agent | Biologic response modifier | Folic acid analogue | 3d | single | Ans: D (Folic acid analogue) Ref: The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics bv Goodman & Gilman - 12th edition, page no. 1669 -767/Explanation:"Methotrexate is an anti-metabolite which is a folic acid analogue." Ref: G&GClassification of Anti-Cancer DrugsAnti-metabolitesPemetrexed5 FUCapecitabineCytarabineGemcitabine5-... | Pharmacology | Anti-Neoplastic Agents |
02e45239-9c95-4257-b67e-2c5ad54e59fa | High resolution computed tomography of the chest is the ideal modality for evaluating: | Pleural effusion | Interstitial lung disease | Lung mass | Mediastinal adenopathy | 1b | single | B i.e. Interstitial Lung disease - Routine chest CT examinations consist of adjacent 8-10 mm sections through the area of interest. Intravenous contrast medium may be injected when the primary purpose of examination is to show the mediastinum or hilar structures. High resolution CT (HRCT) uses very thin 1-2 mm thick.(2... | Radiology | null |
4235ca13-e806-4cba-be05-fe6002cdd651 | Shoening of 2 mm of axial length of eye ball causes- | 3D myopia | 6D myopia | 3D hypermetropia | 6D hypermetropia | 3d | multi | Axial hypermetropia is by far the commonest form. In this condition the total refractive powerof eye is normal but there is an axial shoening of eyeball. About 1-mm shoening of the anteroposterior diameter of the eye results in 3 dioptres of hypermetropia. So shoening of eyeball about 2mm results in 6D hypermetropia Re... | Ophthalmology | Optics and refraction |
979e91e3-c3b0-49f7-ae5c-86228b0f0e82 | False about absorption | Glucose absorption through SGLT-1 is active | Most of the drugs are absorbed by passive diffusion | Acidic drugs are absorbed when pH > Pka | Basic drugs are absorbed when pH > Pka | 2c | multi | When pH > pKa (Basic medium): Acidic drugs are ionized, so can't be absorbed. | Pharmacology | null |
d94843df-57a7-43f2-9d81-748b88d74759 | Best blood product to be given in a patient of multiple clotting factor deficiency with active bleeding: | Whole blood | Packed RBCs | Fresh frozen plasma | Cryoprecipitate | 2c | single | Ans. c. Fresh frozen plasma (Ref: Harrison 19/e p138 e-3 18/e p953. Sabiston 19/e p588)Best blood product to be given in a patient of multiple clotting factor deficiency with active bleeding is fresh frozen plasma."FFP contains stable coagulation factors and plasma proteins: fibrinogen, antithrombin, albumin, as well a... | Surgery | Blood Transfusion |
366c7237-0adb-4ff7-a145-06224c03f1e2 | Precocious pubey is seen in all except ? | Tumor of hypothalamus | Ovarian tumor | Tumor of adrenal gland | All of above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of above | Pediatrics | null |
a18d69d0-0a7a-4732-a1a3-cfa8be0a020a | Multinucleate giant cells are seen in Tzank smear in ? | Herpesgenitalis | Bullous pemphigoid | Toxic epidermal necolysis | Pemphigus | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Herpes genitalis | Skin | null |
c48fcdd2-948f-41e7-a457-56f42646cc60 | Arterial supply to floor of mouth & suprahyoid muscle is | Lingual artery | Maxillary artery | Inferior alveolar artery | Facial artery | 0a | single | Lingual artery is a branch of external carotid artery. The root of tongue is also supplied by tonsillar and ascending pharyngeal arteries. Venous drainage is mainly by the deep lingual vein. | Anatomy | null |
ed3cec4a-cd60-4f0a-927e-552e11b358de | The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is characterized by the following | Hyponatremia and urine sodium excretion > 20 meq/1. | Hyponatremia and urine sodium excretion < 20 meq/1. | Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia | Hyponatremia and hypokalemia | 0a | single | (A) Hyponatremia and urine sodium excretion > 20 meq/l # Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion (SIADH) is defined by the hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality resulting from inappropriate, continued secretion or action of the hormone despite normal or increased plasma volume, which results in impair... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
1a040b31-5cf6-4d9a-900f-243f79361a83 | What is the most common problem following surgical treatment of pterygium? | Recurrence | Corneal ulceration | Astigmatism | Scleral scarring | 0a | single | Recurrence of the pterygium after surgical excision is the main problem (30-50%). However, it can be reduced by any of the following measures: Transplantation of pterygium in the lower fornix (McReynold's operation) is not performed now. Postoperative beta irradiations (not used now). Postoperative use of antimitotic d... | Ophthalmology | Conjunctiva |
d1717702-3699-4547-9d9c-3dddf682d48e | All of the following conditions may show Mallory Hyaline changes except - | Wilson disease | Indian childhood cirrhosis | Primary biliary cirrhosis | Hepatitis E | 3d | multi | Causes of Mallory hyaline include :
Alcoholic liver disease
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Indian childhood cirrhosis
Wilson's disease
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Chronic cholestatic syndrome
α1 - antitrypsin deficiency | Pathology | null |
e9464fab-d638-43a3-ac47-3258e059faa6 | HIV treatment in pregnancy | After diagnosis till lifelong | After 1st trimester till lifelong | After diagnosis till puerperium | After pregnancy till lifelong | 0a | single | Ref. DC Dutta's Textbook of Obstetrics. Pg 352
Regardless of HIV viral load and CD4 count, all HIV infected pregnant women should be offered antiretroviral therapy (ART) after diagnosis till lifelong to reduce perinatal transmission
ART should focus on reduction of perinatal transmission and treatment of maternal HI... | Unknown | null |
0b77523b-b398-43af-b4d7-5945634c1b57 | Which of the following is not associated with pathological apoptosis? | DNA damage | ER stress | Transplant rejection | Involution of hormone dependent tissue upon hormone withdrawal | 3d | single | Pathological Apoptosis:
DNA damage.
Accumulation of misfolded proteins in ER leads to a condition called ER stress.
Cell death in certain infections (viral mostly) and transplant rejection and tumours.
Pathological atrophy. | Pathology | null |
104b5c91-6962-4726-b0d0-4dd478f22ac7 | Tell the bond (X, Y, Z) in the structure of DNA: | X-Hydrogen bond, Y-beta N glycosidic bond, Z-3' 5' phosphodiester bond | X-Hydrogen bond, Y-beta O glycosidic bond, Z-2' 5' phosphodiester bond | X-Hydrogen bond, Y-beta N glycosidic bond, Z-2' 3' phosphodiester bond | X-Hydrogen bond, Y-phosphodiester bond, Z-3' 5' beta N glycosidic bond | 0a | single | X is the bond between the two nitrogenous bases. This is hydrogen bond.There is double bond between A and T, triple bond between G and C. Y is the bond between nitrogenous base and sugar. This is beta-N glycosidic bond, which is a covalent bond. This bond is between C1 of sugar and N9 of purines and N1 of pyrimidines. ... | Biochemistry | Molecular Biology |
72a25c8b-cd0c-4caf-abd3-075cac113598 | Sternum attached to scapula via: | Manubrium | First rib | Second rib | Clavicle | 3d | single | Ans. D ClavicleRef: Gray's Anatomy 41st ed. P 799-800* Clavicle/collar bone is the connection between sternum and scapula* Sternal/Medial end: Attaches to manubrium of sternum and first coastal cartilage* Acromial end/Lateral end: Attaches to acromion on scapula - supports shoulder Sternoclavicular jointAcromioclavicul... | Anatomy | Abdomen & Pelvis |
d875167a-a6b9-4222-b06c-0fc1fa560ace | Fastest conducting pa in the hea is: | Atrial muscle | Ventricular muscle | Bundle branches | Purkinje fibers | 3d | single | Purkinje fibers are the fast conducting pa of the hea. It exhibit the following propeies: (1) Rapidly depolarizing fibers, (2) large diameter of fibers (largest in hea), and (3) high number of gap junctions between cells. These propeies make Purkinje fibers the fastest conducting pa in hea. Rapid conduction benefits th... | Physiology | Conducting System of Hea |
c5b043c6-6cb6-4ce2-b281-a6431a8e43f1 | Sorghum contains excess of ? | Lycine | Arginine | Leucine | Histidine | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leucine Jowar (Sorghum) contains excess of leucine which can cause niacine deficiency and pellagra. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
cdc8eb96-5f90-4309-a9ea-9d208716434f | The LMA proseal was developed by:- | Bailey | Macewan | Brain | Magill | 2c | single | Classical Laryngeal Mask Airway was designed by Dr Archie Brain Proseal Laryngeal Mask Airway was also designed by Dr Archie Brain | Anaesthesia | Airway |
2fe03628-80be-4bc1-8102-69cb882bd963 | Adductor canal lies beneath the - | Adductor longus | Adductor magnus | Sartorius | Vastus medialis | 2c | single | On the medial aspect of middle third of thigh, there is an intermuscular cleft known as adductor canal, which lies beneath the Sartorius muscle. This contains
- Femoral artery
- Femoral vein
- Nerve to vastus medialis
- Posterior division of obturator nerve (Occasional)
- Descending ... | Anatomy | null |
0c705371-baaf-411a-93c1-0fe4f0e05393 | Following a parotid surgery, the patient developed sweating over the side of his face and over the cheek while eating. This is due to abnormal connections that develop between parasympathetic secretomotor fibres in the auriculotemporal nerve with which of the other nerves? | Glossopharyngeal nerve | Great auricular nerve | Facial nerve | Buccal nerve | 1b | single | Auriculotemporal nerve normally carries parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland and is severed during injury to parotid gland. Cause of gustatory sweating in freys syndrome is due to the faulty regeneration of fibers after injury to the auriculotemporal nerves in which secretomotor fibers are connected to the sympa... | ENT | null |
ed910b33-07a0-4f8f-b193-d45bb1ca1bb3 | 34 year old female was brought to OPD with suppurative inflammation of the left lower limb . All of the given statements are false except : | Infection of the dermal lymphatics | Does not extend over the ear in facial infection | Also known as St. Anthony's fire | Raised and sharply demarcated edges | 1b | multi | From the above given image and history the diagnosis is CELLULITIS Cellulitis: Suppurative inflammation involving the subcutaneous tissue. Diffuse, ill defined margins. Severe cellulitis may show bullae and progress to dermal necrosis. Does not extend over the ear. Erysipelas: aka St. Anthony's fire Infection of superf... | Dental | Bacterial infections |
163777e0-3bb3-4461-b2be-82aabc90a94f | Which of the following is not a method of reduction of a posterior hip dislocation: | Stimson's gravity method | Allis method | Kocher's maneuver | Bigelow's method | 2c | multi | Kocher's maneuver is used for the reduction of shoulder dislocation. These are methods of Closed hip reduction: Allis maneuver Stimson maneuver Lefkowitz maneuver East Baltimore lift maneuver Bigelow maneuver | Orthopaedics | Pelvis and Hip Injury |
6b3b0f4c-5792-43cf-a76f-1b112b5470e1 | Heparin is the most widely used antithrombotic agent. It acts by activating - | Plasmin | Antithrombin III | Fibrinolysin | Factor X | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Antithrombin III | Pharmacology | null |
e764ec5f-4a6c-4bbf-b1c0-90b8a2930aeb | Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex is deficient in | Bernard soulier syndrome | Glanzmann disease | Von willibrand disease | Gray platelet syndrome | 1b | single | Inherited deficiency of GpIIb-IIIa results in a bleeding disorder called Glanzmann thrombasthenia.(ref Robbins 9th/118) | Anatomy | Haematology |
c1b9e912-2643-4c7e-a8f0-abc4817a82b2 | Most common antibody in autoimmune hepatitis is | u1RNP | Anti-5m | ANA | Anti-LKM | 2c | single | Autoimmune hepatitis Indistinguishable from chronic viral hepatitis. Responds to immunosuppressive therapy Female predominance(70%) Absence of serogical evidence of viral infection Presence of other forms of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid ahritis, thyroiditis, sjogren syndrome and ulcerative colitis. Most patients... | Pathology | G.I.T |
edad9c4a-2dad-4432-92e4-c51c8d71d031 | A 29yrs old nulliparous woman complains of severe menorrhagia and lower abdominal pain since 3months .On examination there was a 14 weeks size uterus with fundal fibroid .The treatment of choice is | Myomectomy | GnRH analogues | Hysterectomy | Observation | 0a | single | Routes of myomectomy : Abdominal myomectomy Vaginal myomectomy: Done in case of submucosal pedunculated fibroid Hysteroscopic myomectomy: Submucosal fibroid which cannot be removed by simple vaginal route can be removed with the help of hysteroscope use when myoma <5 cms in size Laproscopic myomectomy: Indicated for pe... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Anatomy of the female genital tract |
a2114959-e50c-4838-99c9-41ca18aa2149 | Abnormalities of bone metabolism is associated with excess of which vitamins - | Vitamin A | Thiamine | Vitamin B12 | Vitamin D | 3d | single | vit D intoxication produce significant hypercalcemia ( Harrison 17 pg 2387) | Medicine | Endocrinology |
0b2d2d79-7b27-4cba-b0e8-15599b744c61 | All are true regarding bleaching powder, except – | Contains about 33% of available chlorine | It is a stable compound | White amorphous compound | Strong bleaching agent | 1b | multi | Bleaching powder : -
Bleaching powder is also known as chlorinated lime.
It is a disinfectant mainly used for disinfecting
Water
Faeces
Urine
It kills most of the organism when used in strength of 1 to 3%
The chief drawback of bleaching powder is that it is an unstable compound and loses its chlorine content on s... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
24863913-3a0b-4ed8-84e3-82dde5a06e0b | The fibers from contralateral nasal hemiretina project to the following layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus | Layers 2,3,5 | Layers 1,2,6 | Layers 1,4,6 | Layers 4,5,6 | 2c | single | Ganong's review of Medical Physiology, 25th ed, p 190 | Physiology | Nervous system |
f9b1ab41-441f-4e77-98d4-a8891378b2a6 | In post-ductal coarctation of aoa collaterals may be formed by all of the following, except | Veebral aery | Suprascapular a ery | Subscapular aery | Posterior intercostal aery | 0a | multi | Coarctation of the aoa is a congenital condition whereby the aoa is narrow, usually in the area where the ductus aerioses inses. The word "coarctation" means narrowing. Coarctations are most common in the aoic arch. The arch may be small in babies with coarctations. Other hea defects may also occur when coarctation is ... | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
632a6801-9982-4adf-a259-973b203390a4 | Inversion injury at the ankle can cause all of the following EXCEPT: | Fracture tip of lateral melleolus | Fracture base of the 5th metatarsal | Sprain of Ext. Digitorum brevis | Fracture of sustentaculam tali. | 2c | multi | C i.e. Sprain of extensor digitorum brevis Inversion injury of ankle cause peroneal tendon sheath (not extensor digitorum brevis) sprain. Inversion Injury to ankle may lead to - Lateral collateral ligament injury (anterior talo fibularQ> calcaneofibular > posterior - talofibular ligament) - Peroneal tendon injuryQ - Av... | Surgery | null |
fd501c8b-93c4-4595-b844-71356d7cf188 | Chlorine demand is measured by which of the following apparatus? | Horrock's apparatus | Double pot | Chlorimeter | Berkfeld filter | 0a | single | Chlorine demand is the amount of chlorine that is needed to destroy bacteria and to oxidize all the organic matter and ammonium present in water. The chlorine demand of water is estimated by the Horrock's apparatus. It is a testing apparatus used to calculate the dose of bleaching powder that will be required in order ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
0545bf47-6cb2-4f02-92d0-dfa21f2edb69 | In STD cases, a patient is asked to name other persons is his socio sexual group, then they are investigated. This is a example of - | Screening | Contact tracing | Mass screening | High risk screening | 1b | single | <p> In Contact tracing the sexual paners of diagnosed patients are identified, located,investigated and treated. Patients are interviewed for their sexual contacts by specially trained staff. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:339. <\p> | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
9fbc00b7-a180-4e06-bee2-80a111feccfc | Sclerotic" bodies are seen in: | Histoplasmosis | Chromoblastomycosis | Coccidomycosis | Rhinosporiodosis | 1b | single | Chromoblastomycosis | Microbiology | null |
0bbbb3d1-038b-4603-9141-8e3a9001c742 | For Bier's block drug of choice is - | Priloacaine | Bupivacaine | Lignocaine | None | 2c | multi | Lignocaine is used for Bier&;s block Bupivacaine is contraindicated in IV regional anaesthesia due to fear of arrhythmia | Anaesthesia | Regional anaesthesia |
cc2828fb-0b8d-4e88-a4f4-8941d216299b | All are true about marasmus except: March 2011 | Normal albumin levels | Severe wasting of muscles | Edema | Depleted subcutaneous fat | 2c | multi | Ans. C: Edema Edema is a feature of Kwashiorkar; it ranges from mild to gross, and may represent upto 5-20% of the body weight Remember: Acute malnutrition is judged by: Weight for height Chronic malnutrition is judged by: Height for age Flag sign is seen in Kwashiorkar (hair is thin, brittle, lusterless, sparse, easil... | Pediatrics | null |
950a3125-aadc-44a0-92ba-8ca6fa3fe0da | In the shown lateral view, the GIT structure marked with arrow head is? | Esophagus | Pulmonary aery | Trachea | Left atrium | 2c | single | Normal Lateral Chest Xrays: Normal Findings: - Sternum - Retrosternal space and retrocardiac space should be : clear spaces or lucent areas - Obliteration of Retrosternal space: Right Ventricular Hyperophy - Tracheal Lucency - Lucency of veebra should increase- more black- as we go from top to bottom . - Right dome of ... | Radiology | FMGE 2019 |
f926abf0-dc51-46fb-be7f-a33deec1c2d4 | Slow wave sleep is known as: | REM sleep | NREM sleep | Both of the above | None of the above | 1b | multi | This is a straight forward memory question. There are two kinds of sleep: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM), or slow-wave sleep. Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology 23rd edition, Chapter 15. | Physiology | null |
c86ee3dd-ee6c-4685-bbaf-17139817f1c2 | Skip lesions are seen in: | Ulcerative colitis | Crohn's disease | Typhoid | Tuberculosis | 1b | single | Ans is 'b' i.e. Crohn's disease FeaturesUlcerative colitisCrohn's ds* Rectal involvement in > 50%> 90%*Rectum spared* Distribution of lesionsContinuous*Skip lesions** Mucosal appearanceFriable, diffusely involvedCobblestone*appearance* Ileal diseaseRare (backwash ileitis)Common* Perianal abcess, fistulasRareCommon* Int... | Surgery | Small Intestine - Crohn's Disease |
8137d372-4c99-4813-b548-59a6c5b314a0 | In intersegmental reflex, the afferents come from | Golgi tendon | Ia fibers | IIb fibers | Muscle spindles | 3d | single | Ans. (d) Muscle spindles(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.230)Stretch reflex is an intersegmental reflexWhen a skeletal muscle with an intact nerve supply is stretched with in physiological limits, it contracts. This response is called the stretch reflexThe receptor for this stretch reflex is muscle spindles | Physiology | Nervous System |
9f2ec86d-ef58-48fd-a7a1-6c81e6efa6a6 | The resting membrane potential of a cell: | Is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater to Na+ | Falls to zero if Na+/K+ ATPase in membrane is inhibited | Is equal to the equilibrium potential for K+ | Is equal to the equilibrium potential of Na+ | 0a | multi | Is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater to Na+ REF: Ganong, 22nd edition, BRS physiology, 4th edition page 11 Ionic Basis of nerve Resting Membrane Potential: Resting membrane potential is potential difference across the cell membrane in millivolts. Which is by convention -70 Mv Restin... | Physiology | null |
41e3ea18-1ade-4379-b5f5-3bd75a9786dc | Rhabditiform larvae in freshly passed stools are seen with - | Toxoplasma | Trichuris | Ankylostom | Strongyloides | 3d | single | Demonstration of the rhabdiform larvae in freshly passed faeces is the most impoant and specific method for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis. Larvae may sometimes be present in sputum or duodenal aspirates. Sometimes unhatched eggs are formed in the specimen and may cause confusion with the hookworm eggs (refer pgno:152 b... | Microbiology | parasitology |
3240d327-91e9-463e-8841-473f312eec1f | Which of the following statement (s) is are/true: | Langerhans cells has birbeck granules. | Keratinocyte release mediator which are essential for normal melanocyte formation. | Melanocyte are derived from the embryonic neural crest. | All of the Above. | 3d | multi | There is a correlation in the occurrence of stratum granulosum and Langerhans cells. The cell has a convoluted nucleus and characteristics rod-like granules in the cytoplasm, termed Birbeck granules. This cell is free of melanin and does not give a dopa reaction. It stains with gold chloride, ATPase, and immunofluoresc... | Dental | null |
7780b167-af08-48a1-a754-7b5bd19c8662 | Which of the following is not a cardiac poison? | Aconite | Opium | Oleander | Nicotine | 1b | single | Opium causes respiratory depression. It is not cardiotoxic. Nicotine, oleander, aconite and digitalis are poisons which are principally cardiotoxic. | Forensic Medicine | null |
27b53fcd-e646-4d9e-8aab-b61894f7a753 | T.U.R. (transurethral resection) syndrome is due to ? | Hyponatremia | Hypokalemia | Hypovolaemia | Hypoxia | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hyponatremia TUR syndrome and water intoxication syndrome are same. They are caused due to dilutional hyponatremia. | Surgery | null |
74d08b82-9c60-4a54-ba02-6a1b7f326159 | A 30-year-old lady C/O sudden onset of breathlessness, anxiety, palpitation, and feeling of impending doom. Physical examination is normal. Diagnosis is: | Panic attack | Anxiety disorder | Conversion disorder | Acute psychosis | 0a | single | Ans. A i.e. Panic attack-A panic attack is the abrupt onset of intense fear or discomfo that reaches a peak within minutes.-The symptoms include Palpitation, Sweating, Trembling or shaking, Shoness of breath or smothering sensation, Choking sensation, Chest pain or discomfo Nausea or Abdominal distress, Dizziness, Ligh... | Psychiatry | null |
602aab88-1ba4-439c-a084-e20a7915e079 | Reading and writing skills of a moderately mental retarded child | Reasonable | Basic | Minimal | None | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Basic | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
21200e73-bd96-4f0a-bf5b-9d42ef384fb2 | Which of the following is cause of RBBB | It can occur in a normal person | Pulmonary embolism | Corpulmonale | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Causes of RBBB Normal physiological Pulmonary embolism/corpulmonale Pulmonary aery hypeension ASD Rheumatic hea disease | Medicine | null |
1477ebf5-b5cd-4759-bda9-41e33d43b92b | Prepyloric channel ulcer is of grade | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2c | single | Type 1- In the antrum near the lesser curve, Type 2- combined gastric ulcer ( in the body) with duodenal ulcer, Type 3 - prepyloric ulcer, Type 4 - gastric ulcer in the proximal ulcer or cardia. Reference : SRB edition : 5 page: 824 | Surgery | G.I.T |
a74558b9-0de8-48b0-b383-fb5dc678c937 | Traction force required for forceps delivery in primigravida is : | 15 kgs | 18-20 kgs | 13 kgs | 25 kgs | 1b | single | Traction force required by forceps is: Primigravida -18-20 kgs Multigravida-13 kgs Vacuum - initial pressure is 0.2 kg/cm2 induced over 2 minutes. The pressure is gradually increased at the rate of 0.1 kg/cm2 to a maximum of 0.8 kg/cm2. Ref: Datta Obs 9e pg 533. | Anatomy | Abnormal labor |
da1cf954-bff7-4e65-8e6d-68ce70c6988d | Which of the following is not a feature of rheumatoid ahritis? | Heberden nodes | Swan neck deformity | Ulnar detion of fingers at metacarpopalyngeal joint | Symmetric reduction of joint space | 0a | single | Heberden does is a feature of osteoahritis and not rheumatoid ahritisImpoant hand deformities of hand in RABoutonniere deformity: flexion contracture of PIP joint and extension DIP jointSwan neck deformity: hyperextension of PIP joint and flexion at DIP joint(Refer: Mohindra's Fundamentals of Ohopedics, 2nd edition, pg... | Orthopaedics | All India exam |
f51fbe36-9aa3-4f13-90ef-251724bb371c | What are the stains used for amyloid | Thioflavin | Congo red | Eosin | Auramine | 0a | single | A and B answers..ref Robbins 9/e p262 The traditional way of identifying amyloid in tissue sections has been staining with Congo red and demonstration of green birefringence under crossed polarizers. The original method of Congo red staining, described by Bennhold in 1922, has undergone several modifications to improve... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
95834529-e9c8-406f-8bb8-cc650d7ca4c4 | Which is not included in AIDS related complex? | Ectopic pregnancy | Recurrent genital candidiasis | Generalised lymphadenopathy | Chronic diarrhea | 0a | single | HIV symptoms: AIDS related complex (ARC) It belongs to class B of HIV symptoms. The patients at this stage have various diseases that occur because the HI virus has weakened the immune system. The following HIV signs may have patients with ARC: * Long-lasting diarrhea (over four weeks) * Unintended heavy weight loss * ... | Medicine | All India exam |
724d8bdc-4d80-451f-a6e2-83d857d89e1c | The maximum life of a transfused R.B.C. is ? | One hour | One day | 15 days | 50 days | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 50 days Mean life is around 35 days . | Surgery | null |
83f555ba-b8ed-47ca-9abd-3b0b17784f69 | In a city of 10000, Males : Females are 1 : 1. Sex ratio is:- | 1 | 50 | 5000 | None of the above | 3d | multi | Sex Ratio = Females/ Males X 1000 1x/1x X1000 = 1000 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Census, SRS, NFHS, DLHS, VRS |
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