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135
d614663a-d38c-4f11-848a-82b87b7023f1
Which is not true of hypocalcaemia -
Can occur in hypoparathyroidism
Latent tetany is seen
Prolonged QT interval
Inverse relation with Mg++ levels
3d
multi
Hypocalcaemia is low calcium levels in the blood serum.The normal range is 2.1-2.6 mmol/L (8.8-10.7 mg/dl, 4.3-5.2 mEq/L) with levels less than 2.1 mmol/l defined as hypocalcemia.Mildly low levels that develop slowly often have no symptoms.Otherwise symptoms may include numbness, muscle spasms, seizures, confusion, or ...
Medicine
Fluid and electrolytes
cd589d71-d2b8-4b4b-b5b7-ec9d82be414b
Co, causes?
Decrease respiratory drive
Reduces cerebral blood flow
Depresses vasomotor centre
Respiratory stimulation by central chemoreceptors
3d
single
Respiratory stimulation by central chemoreceptors REF: Ganong's 22' ed chapter 31 Co, causes direct stimulation of vasomotor centre
Physiology
null
fead8126-aed9-4011-8ebd-5357aab87c0e
A patient with pneumonia for 5 days is admitted to the hospital now with an altered sensorium. He suddenly ceases to recognize the doctor and staff. He thinks that he is in jail and complains of scorpion attacking him. His probable diagnosis is
Acute Dementia
Acute delirium
Acute schizophrenia
Acute paranoia
1b
single
Ans.B. i.e. Acute deliriumDeliriumAcute confusional state occurring in various medical, surgical, metabolic, toxic & post-operative conditions. It is characterized by acute agitation, disorientation, and inability to sustain attention, form memories or reason. Characteristic features include- Clouding of consciousness ...
Psychiatry
null
bb571663-257b-46ef-a77b-0d4d83cc3cad
OCP are contraindicated in
Heart disease
All of the above
Thromboembolism
Breast cancer
1b
multi
ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS OF OCP: Known or suspected breast cancer Severe hypertriglyceridem ia/hyp ercholestrolemia Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding Thrombophlebitis/thromboembolism , cerebral and cardiac disorders Pregnancy Hypertension (moderate to severe) Impaired liver RELATIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS OF OCP: A migraine w...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
9185edee-9a04-46c9-9bb5-a6fe1d49f662
A 2 year old man presents with superficial gash on his forehead. The wound is bleeding profusely, but examination reveals no fracture. The physician suspects a hypersensitive cardiac reflex. The patient's epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica) is penetrated, resulting in severe gaping of the wound. The structure o...
A layer containing blood vessels.
The dura mater.
The periosteum (pericranium).
The tendon of the epicranial muscles (occipitofrontails).
0a
single
A layer containing blood vessels * A mnemonic device for remembering the order in which the soft tissues overlie the cranium is SCALP: Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose connective tissue, and Periosteum. * The scalp proper is composed of the outer three layers, of which the connective tissue contains one of t...
Surgery
null
84378d6a-51f2-418b-b3df-850f202c7284
A 30 year old woman with coarctation of aorta is admitted to the labour room for elective caesarean section. Which of the following is the anaesthesia technique of choice –
Spinal anaesthesia
Epidural anaesthesia
General anaesthesia
Local anaesthesia with nerve block
2c
single
General anaesthesia is the preferred technique for performing caesarian section in patient with coarctation of aorta as it has advantage of more rapid induction, less hypotension and better airway & ventilation.
Anaesthesia
null
9b886762-9cce-4705-956a-0f8c22cbae63
A 9-year-old boy is brought with history of decreased urine output, cola colored urine and swelling of the face and hands of 2 days duration. He is hypertensive, has a puffy face and pitting edema of the lower limbs. He has history of skin lesions 4 weeks earlier. A diagnosis of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is...
Cefixime
Penicillin
Meropenem
Amoxycillin
1b
single
b. Penicillin(Ref: Nelson 20/e p 2500-2501, Ghai 8/e p 474-477)Treatment of PSGNManagement is directed at treating the acute effects of renal insufficiency and hypertensionAlthough a 10 day course of systemic antibiotic therapy with penicillin is recommended to limit the spread of the nephritogenic organisms, antibioti...
Pediatrics
Kidney
ea059e62-01d7-4a3c-b30a-4b5213ceb496
Investigation of choice to exclude intra-abdominal bleeding in hemodynamically unstable patient is -
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
FAST
CT Scan
X Ray
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., FAST Investigations to rule out abdominal injury in trauma patient* Investigations are driven by the cardiovascular status of the patient.* Blood loss into the abdomen can be subtle and there may be no clinical signs (blood is not an irritant and may not initially cause any abdominal pain). If stable,...
Surgery
Trauma
b332b5e0-9a87-4f4e-97d2-13d2f6583de8
Widal test is an example of.......... Test.:
Flocculation
Agglutination
Both
None of the above
1b
multi
Agglutination
Microbiology
null
6e864a88-c2e8-41d7-87bf-1dea635c37ef
A study in UK of 5174 bihs at home and 11156 bihs in hospitals showed perinatal moality rates of 5.4/1000 in home bihs and 27.8/1000 in the hospital bihs. This observed association between perinatal moality and hospital bihs is called as
Spurious association
Indirect association
Inappropriate study
Wrong trials
0a
multi
In the given question, perinatal moality rate is more in hospital bihs than in home bihs, which is practically unreal; hence it is Spurious association. Mostly complicated cases with high risk of moality reach hospitals. Hence higher morltaltiy is observed. Spurious association - Observed association between disease an...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Epidemiology
d50419e1-2a30-4eee-bc64-d8ed11d958cb
4 year old boy presented with recurrent chest infections. Sweat chloride test was done, showed values of 36 and 42. What is the next best investigation to confirm the diagnosis ?
72 hour fecal fat estimation
CT chest
Transepithelial nasal potential difference
DNA analysis of delta F 508 mutation
2c
single
Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis 1.   Sweat chloride testing The sweat test is the standard approach to diagnosis. The diagnosis is made by elevated sodium and chloride level in the sweat > 60 meq/1. Two test on different days are required for accurate diagnosis. A normal sweat chloride dose not exclude the diagnosis. Ge...
Pediatrics
null
bc31de9c-66e0-4c0f-8e4e-21bfdb6e8a0a
A 70-year-old male presented with severe confusion, shoness of breath and obtundation. Patient was stable. Lab findings revealed, Serum calcium - Moderately raised Serum creatinine- Mildly raised BUN- Mildly raised PTH- normal PTHrP - Elevated Chest x-ray All of the following drugs can be given for the treatment of hyp...
Calcitonin
Furosemide
Normal Saline
Prednisolone
3d
multi
The chest x-ray is suggestive of metastatic deposits, meaning it is a case of HHM (Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy) Seen in cancers of: - Lung Head and neck Skin Esophagus Breast Most common cause - Overproduction of parathormone related peptide. Management: - Saline rehydration Forced diuresis with furosemide Oral...
Unknown
Integrated QBank
41ab3f0e-9fad-47aa-b1b1-7d0215cb06bf
All are the processing reaction in tRNA, except:
CCA tailing
Methylation of bases
Poly A tailing
Trimming of 5’ end
2c
multi
Post-transcriptional modification of tRNA precursor: Standard bases (A, U, G, C) undergo methylation, reduction, deamination, rearranged glycosidic bond. Cleavage and attachment of CCA terminal at 3’ end takes place in cytoplasm. Methylation of tRNA takes place in nucleus. Note:- Poly A tailing is a processing step o...
Biochemistry
null
a9a50629-350c-495f-adff-483b4610ebdd
Which of the following infection gives a positive Casoni test?
Diphtheria
Scarlet fever
Echinococcus
Kala Azar
2c
single
Casoni's test is based on the principle of immediate hypersensitivity. The antigen used is hydatid fluid collected from animal or human cysts and is sterilised by Seitz or membrane filtration. 0.2 ml of the antigen injected intradermally. In positive cases a large wheal about 5 cm in diameter, with multiple pseudopodia...
Microbiology
null
67e62fdf-d3c4-4290-8b2f-27d71ac16cb2
All of the following are features of large intestine, EXCEPT :
Large intestine secretes acidic mucus which helps in formation of stools
It is a site of mucocutaneous junction
Its epithelium contains globlets cells in large numbers
Absorbs salt and water
0a
multi
A i.e. Large intestine secretes acidic mucus which helps in formation of stoolsSecretions of large intestine are alkali not acidic Appendices epiploicae are small bags of peritoneum filled with fat, found over large intestine except Caecum, Appendix , Rectum (Mnemonic - 'CAR'). These are most numerous on sides of sigmo...
Anatomy
null
d6cb4741-0918-4056-9783-976d80ae9124
Confirmation of appendicitis
Clinical examination
USG abdomen
X-ray abdomen
Raised TLC\/DLC
0a
single
The classical features of acute appendicitis begin with poorly localised colicky abdominal pain.Central abdominal pain is associated with anorexia, nausea and usually one or two episodes of vomiting that follow the onset of pain (Murphy). Anorexia is a useful and constant clinical feature, paicularly in children. The p...
Surgery
G.I.T
ed2b95e0-7c66-4e6d-a059-3ec91fe139be
A female presented with loss of vision in both eyes and on examination has normal pupillary responses and normal fundus, Her visually evoked response (VER) examination shows extinguished responses. The most likely diagnosis is
Hysteria
Coical blindness
Optic Neuritis
Retinal Detacment
1b
multi
B. i.e. Coical blindness VER assess the functional state of the visual system beyond retinal ganglion cells. Since there is dispropoionately large projection of macular area in the occipital coex, the clinically measured VER is primary a response generated by macula & optic nerve. In any abnormality of macula, optic ne...
Ophthalmology
null
a620d15e-d3ae-4c51-8d0e-13bf3dd65e49
Protein is maximum in -
Foremilk
Hindmilk
Transitional milk
None
0a
multi
Fore milk : Is the milk secreted at the sta of a feed. It is Watery and is rich in proteins, sugar, vitamins, minerals and water that quenches the baby's throat Ref: OP. Ghai Essential pediatrics 9th edition Pgno : 147
Social & Preventive Medicine
Nutrition and health
368d1f2e-4bf6-455f-8de1-0aa8c2749e62
A 50-year-old chronic alcoholic presented with complaints of acute confusion, delirium, ataxia and mild memory loss. On ophthalmoscopic examination, ophthalmoplegia was noted along with hypotension. Serum electrolyte levels were normal. Lab findings revealed increased RBC transketolase activity along with reduced blood...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Transaminase
Xanthine dehydrogenase
Ornithine decarboxylase
0a
multi
This is a case of Wernicke's encephalopathy. It occurs due to deficiency of vitamin B1. The clinical diagnosis of WE in alcoholics requires two of the following four signs: dietary deficiencies eye signs cerebellar dysfunction either an altered mental state or mild memory impairment. This MRI shows typical high signal ...
Unknown
Integrated QBank
7defb151-560d-454f-b7b9-2492379880b3
Nerve to which of the following extraocular muscle gives rise to a branch of ciliary ganglion:
Superior rectus
Inferior oblique
Rectus medialis
Rectus lateralis
1b
single
Ciliary ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion located near the apex of the orbit between the optic nerve and lateral rectus. It has three roots parasympathetic or motor, sympathetic and sensory roots. The motor root arises from the nerve to inferior oblique, sympathetic root arises from the nasociliary nerve and sympa...
Ophthalmology
null
bc096c55-984b-4033-b2ff-f8ec504ee6c6
While managing a mass disaster, the term "Triage" applies to -
It is the principle of "first come, first treated"
It is the classification of the injured on the basis of severity of injuries, with the concept of treating the most seriously injured first
It is the classification of the injured on the basis of severity of injuries, with the concept of treating the children and adoslecents first
It is the classification of the injured on the basis of severity of injuries, with the concept of treating those first who are likely to survive with medical intervention
3d
single
Triage is an impoant pa of disaster management. Triage consist of rapidly classifying the injured on the basis of severity of their injuries and the likelihood of their survival with prompt medical intervention. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th Edition, Pg 857
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
7323e166-497b-4410-a937-4becea37782d
Most common presenting symptom of wilm's tumor-
Haematuria
Asymptomatic abdominal mass
Abdominal pain
Headache
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Asymptomatic abdominal massWilm's tumor (Nephroblastoma)o Most common malignant tumor of kidney,o 80% of tumor present below 5 year of age.Presentiono Asymptomatic abdominal mass(M.C.).o Haematuria( 10-25%).o Hypertension (25%).o Abdominal pain (30%).o Fever (20%).
Pediatrics
Neoplasms of the Kidney
b064489f-8182-4a8a-a20b-ed5c3c70a077
Methotrexate resistance is due to :
Depletion of folate
Overproduction of DHFRase
Overproduction of thymidylate kinase
Decreased DHFRase
0a
single
Mechanisms of pharmacokinetic and cellular resistance to methotrexate. Metabolism of methotrexate in the liver to paly inactive 7-hydroxymethotrexate reduces plasma concentrations of methotrexate and creates competition for cellular uptake RFC, which also internalizes reduced folates and folic acid, although with low a...
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
2a1d90fb-20e8-46b1-ae38-c1ddec88845f
Phosphate test is used to check -
Specific gravity of milk
Bacteriological quality of milk
Fat content of milk
Pasteurization of milk
3d
single
<p> Pasteurization of milk:- Heating of milk to such temperatures and for such periods of time as are required to destroy any pathogens that may be present while causing minimal changes in the composition, flavour and nutritive value. Methods of pasteurisation:- 1. Holder method- milk is kept at 63-66 deg C for at leas...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Nutrition and health
2b356a18-4e3b-4356-8345-1c3b4358018b
Oocyte at the time of bih, is present in which of the following stage of meiosis?
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
0a
single
At Time of bih oocyteis dormant in diplotene stage (resting stage during prophase I) Oocyte and Prenatal period. 3rd month end 5th month 7th month Oogonia are arranged in clusters surrounded by a layer of epithelial cells. Number of germ cells in ovary reaches maximum (7 million) Majority of oocyte degenerate, except f...
Anatomy
Introduction and gametogenesis.
6d68a272-904e-4812-85b2-1e985ab40a96
Cyclic trend is shown by ?
Polio epidemic
Rabies
Influenza pandemic
Malaria
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Influenza pandemic
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
582301b9-adb4-4c03-9abe-db402adcf23d
Which of the following bones has no medullary cavity -
Ulna
Clavicle
Fibula
Humerus
1b
single
Ans 'b' i.e., Clavicle CLASSIFICATION OF BONESA ACCORDING TO SH APEI. Long bones : Each long bone has a shaft (diaphysis) and 2 expanded ends (epiphysis) wich are smooth and articular. The shaft has a nutrient foramen directed away from the growing end.Typical long bones : Humerus, femurMiniature long bones : Metacarpa...
Anatomy
Cartilage and Bone
f70d376f-71d1-4b49-a2b6-44618aac31ee
What function do vitamin B12 and folic acid perform that is critical to hematopoiesis?
Suppo porphyrin production
Serve as cofactors for iron uptake
Suppo terminal differentiation of erythroid and myeloid cells
Suppo production of thymidine triphosphate
3d
single
Cell proliferation requires DNA replication, which requires an adequate supply of thymidine triphosphate. Both vitamin B12 and folate are needed to make thymidine triphosphate.
Physiology
Blood Physiology
9d686da9-e62f-4015-a295-1fab225345e4
A young hypeensive patient has serum K+ 2.8 meq/L and Taldosterone level with Si-ed plasma rennin activity. The likely cause is:
Renal aery stenosis
Ectopic ACTH syndrome
Diuretic therapy
Conn's syndrome
3d
single
Answer is D (Conn's syndrome): Increased Aldosterone levels (Hjperaldosteronism) in the presence of hypeension hypokalemia and decreased rennin activity suggests a diagnosis of Conn's syndrome.
Medicine
null
d164c681-ab3a-45a9-b3dc-b40b1a0a372f
All of the following can cause DIC during pregnancy except :
Diabetes mellitus
Amniotic fluid embolism
Intrauterine death
Abruptio placentae
0a
multi
Ans. is a i.e. Diabetes mellitus DIC is a pathological condition associated with inappropriate activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic system. It is a secondary phenomenon resulting from an underlying disease state.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
cdbe19dc-0cab-4538-82b1-9cb5395794a3
Acantholysis is seen in all of the following except:
Pemphigus
Bullous pemphigoid
Steven- Johnson syndrome
Toxic epidermonecrolysis
3d
multi
D i.e. Intercellular substance
Skin
null
4e2ccb3d-cc94-49ab-83d4-95a925f92cc7
All the following cycles operate in mitochondria except ?
Ketogenesis
Beta oxidation
TCA cycle
EMP
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., EMPCycles/reactions operating in mitochondria are :?Kreb's cycle (citric acid cycle or TCA cycle)Electron transpo chainFatty acid oxidation (Beta oxidation)KetogenesisEmbden Meyerhof Pathway (EMP), also called glycolysis, occurs in cytosol.
Biochemistry
null
f7dbf819-0088-410b-9eec-a14ed0874ab0
Palatine tonsil not seen is:
Develops from second pharyngeal pouch
Branch of facial artery is main blood supply
Covered by fibrous capsule
Leads to ear pain due to Xth nerve
3d
single
(d) Leads to ear pain due to Xth nerve(Ref. Scott Brown, 8th ed., Vol 3; 742)Referred pain from tonsils is through the IXth i.e. Glossopharyngeal nerve.
ENT
Tonsils
0cecd862-910f-4395-96c2-4e6a0c3945e4
Child presents with linear verrucous plaques on the trunk with vacuolisation of keratinocytes in S.Spinosum and S.Granulosum. Diagnosis is ?
Incontinenta pigmenti
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Verrucous epidermal nevus
Linear darriers disease
2c
single
Verrucuous epidermal nevus Linear verrucuous lesions, with characteristic histopathological feature of granular degeneration of the epidermis ours the diagnosis of verrucous epidermal nevus. Epidermal nevus Epidermal nevi are hamaomas that are characterized by hyperplasia of the epidermis and adnexal structures. These ...
Skin
null
7c2c81b1-b531-4dbe-b601-2a582bb8362e
The first teeth to appear in an infant is:
Upper incissors
First molar
Canine
Lower central incisor
3d
single
Eruption of Deciduous or Milk Teeth Lower central incisors: 6-9 months. Upper incisors: 8-10 months. Lower lateral incisors: 12-20 months. First molar: 12-20 months. Canines: 16-20 months. Second molars: 20-39 months.
Anatomy
Development period- week 1,2,3,4
fa70d75a-66f2-45c7-a187-ecde0aa23ed3
Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) includes all of the following except?
Shock
Ischemia
Neurogenic injury
Energy of injury
2c
multi
The Mangled Extremity Severity score(MESS) is useful in deciding about limb salvage. It includes Skeletal and soft tissue injuries categorised as :high energy, moderate energy and low energy. Shock Ischemia Age Mnemonic SASI Reference: Bailey and love, 27th edition page 416
Surgery
General surgery
36553888-c132-42fb-a195-9c2294655c93
Drug contraindicated for Bier's block-
Lidocaine
Prilocaine
Dibucaine
Bupivacaine
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Bupivacaine o Intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA) is used most often for surgery of the forearm and hand, but can also be used for distal leg and foot. o Lidocaine without adrenaline is the DOC for this technique. o A few clinician prefers prilocaine over lidocaine because of its higher therapeuti...
Pharmacology
null
893f9481-8932-43ac-87c5-43ebb0103832
Oculomotor nerve supplies all muscles of the eye except
Inferior oblique
Superior oblique
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
1b
multi
(B) Superior oblique > Lateral rectus is supplies by the 6th cranial (abducent) nerve.> Oculomotor nerve supplies all extra ocular muscles of the eye except:> Superior oblique supplied by IV cranial nerve (SO IV).> Lateral rectus supplied by VI cranial nerve (LR VI).
Anatomy
Misc.
4dc59a83-1e2f-4248-a1de-7d11d6b11666
A lady presented with recurrent attacks of giddiness and abdominal pain since three months. Endoscopy was normal. Her fasting blood glucose was 40mg% and insulin levels were elevated. CT abdomen showed a well defined 8 mm enhancing lesion is the hrad of pancreas, with no other abnormal findings. What should be the trea...
Whipple's operataion
Enucleation
Enucleation with radiotherapy
Administration of streptozotocin
1b
single
enucleation is the treatment of choice for insulinoma SRB,26th,709.
Surgery
G.I.T
a7e0fe13-f9ea-472f-9a3c-1c4ba2ea3d54
Bisphosphonates are used in all of the followingconditions except
Post menopausal osteoporosis
Steroid induced osteoporosis
Hypervitaminosis D
Malignancy associated Hypercalcemia
3d
multi
Bisphosphonates are analogs of pyrophosphate. They have a common structure, P-C-P, similar to the structure of the native pyrophosphate P-O-P found in bone hydroxyapatite. Mechanism of Action The bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption by binding to the hydroxyapatite crystals of bone. (The bisphosphonates have a stron...
Pharmacology
null
0caeacc0-6bd7-4bc3-958e-b12705931d78
All are true about pseudomyxoma peritonei except
Associated with ovarian tumours
Appendicitis
Yellow jelly collection of fluid
Common in male
3d
multi
This rare condition occurs more frequently in women. The abdomen is filled with a yellow jelly, large quantities of which are often encysted. The condition is associated with mucinous cystic tumours of the ovary and appendix. Recent studies suggest that most cases arise from a primary appendiceal tumour with second- ar...
Surgery
G.I.T
ccc1f938-85a4-4475-aa7e-b75eae958648
IP3 facilitates which ion entry into cytoplasm?
Na+
K+
Ca++
Mg++
2c
single
In the cells, Phosphatidyl inositol Pyrophosphate (PIP2) is present in membrane This PIP2 is broken into DAG and IP3 by the enzyme Phospholipase C IP3 being polar will go into cytoplasm and acts as the 2nd messenger Help in releasing calcium stores and increases Calcium levels in the cell.
Biochemistry
Vitamins and Minerals
6376e8ce-f8f1-41e7-9d5d-f7ab59bab22d
The ideal temperature to preserve the body for postmortem examination is -
0°C
4°C
10°C
-10°C
1b
single
Body can be embalmed after autopsy (not before), to facilitate a second autopsy in case one is desired at some future point. The body should be stored at 4°C generally or at -20°C if it is to be preserved for long duration. The body should never be undressed before the forensic doctor has seen it as examination of clot...
Forensic Medicine
null
ba3aa695-a979-487d-a8f1-7c10cfde43b8
Indication for surgery in benign prostatic hyperophy are all except -
Prostatism
Chronic retention
Hemorrhage
Enlarged prostate
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Enlarged prostate
Surgery
null
70c87bee-b6fb-4f2f-9659-bf14c90ca14d
Whipple's triad in insulinoma include all EXCEPT
ACTH is treatment of choice
Symptoms relieved by glucose
Hypoglycemia below 45 mg%
An attack of hypoglycemic in the fasting stage
0a
multi
(A) ACTH is treatment of choice # Features of Insulinoma:> Insulinomas are solitary benign rare neuroendocrine tumours with an incidence estimated at 1 to 4 new cases per million persons per year.> Insulinoma is one of the most common types of tumour arising from the islets of Langerhans cells (pancreatic endocrine tum...
Surgery
Miscellaneous
7c5b2968-3e39-4c55-97ac-76744db6e67b
Typically rapid palatal expansion is done with a jack screw that is activated at the rate of:
1.0 to 2.0 mm/week
1.0 to 2.0 mm/day
0.5 to 1.0 mm/week
0.5 to 1.0 mm/day
3d
multi
Every turn of the screw opens the appliance by 0.25 mm.  Each turn involves 90° activation.  With rapid maxillary expansion at a rate of 0.5–1 mm/day, a 10 mm expansion is achieved in 2–3 weeks. Textbook of ORTHODONTICS Sridhar Premkumar
Dental
null
c342d7a8-ada2-489b-bc75-af1f3525d1f5
Which of the following does not take part in formation of roof of the Orbit?
Orbital Plate
Frontal Bone
Greater wing of sphenoid
Lesser wing of Sphenoid
2c
single
WALLS Floor (inferior wall) Orbital surface of maxillary, zygomatic, palatine bone. Medial wall Frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal bone, orbital plate of ethmoid. Lateral wall Orbital process of zygomatic and the orbital plate of greater wing of sphenoid. Roof (superior wall) Orbital plate, frontal bone and ...
Anatomy
null
8cf45e6a-77bb-4f17-a72e-c35f1a60342d
Arsenic is useful in treatment of
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Myelodyplastic syndrome
Transient myelproliferative disorder
All of the above
0a
multi
Refer Harrison 17th/389 AS2O3 promote the differentition of APL cells and promote apoptosis by upregulating the genes involved in apoptosis. It is used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
0d92212b-9a6e-4319-ac82-6a1283056883
Which type of brain herniation is called sub-falcine herniation?
1
2
3
4
2c
multi
Option A- Uncal HERNIATION Option B- Central (Trans-tentorial) herniation. Option C- Cingulate /sub-falcine herniation Option D - Transcalvarial herniation Subfalcine herniation: Midline shift or cingulate hernia, is the MC cerebral herniation pattern.
Medicine
Raised ICP and Brain death
9d4b1de1-9871-42fe-93a7-44b8b5a431a6
How is the depth of curing and shade of the material related?
Lighter shade requires more curing
Darker shade requires less curing
Lighter shade requires less curing
Both 1 and 2
2c
multi
Optical modifiers affect light transmission through a composite. Thus, darker shades and greater opacities have a decreased depth of light-curing ability and require either an increased exposure time or a thinner layer when cured. Studies have shown that for optimal polymerization, resins with darker shades and opacifi...
Dental
null
c9a25592-b9c9-4d29-8fea-8252cb342b27
Modafinil is approved by FDA for treatment of all except:
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)
Shift work syndrome (SWS)
Narcolepsy
Lethargy in depression
3d
multi
Modafinil is FDA approved for: Narcolepsy Shift work sleep disorder As an adjunct in obstructive sleep apnea.
Psychiatry
Sleep Disorders
680c9eea-e37f-4488-a0d5-2c00bbc3b645
Froment test is positive in lesion of:
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
Axillary nerve
Median nerve
1b
single
Froment sign To perform the test, a patient is asked to hold an object, usually a flat object such as a piece of paper, between their thumb and index finger (pinch grip). The examiner then attempts to pull the object out of the subject's hands. A normal individual will be able to maintain a hold on the object without d...
Anatomy
null
cb910b52-e532-4aaf-9e93-0599632f9f78
Primary hyperaldosteronism what is seen
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Maetabolic alkolosis
Fall in aldosterone with sodium loading
2c
multi
The clinical hallmark of mineralocoicoid excess is hypokalemic hypeension Due to excess mineralocoicoid action lead to potassium and H+ depletion sodiu retention Serum sodium tends to normal due to concurrent fluid retention Because of h+ depletion lead to metabolic alkalosis Clinical features: 1) hypokalemia 2) hypeen...
Medicine
Endocrinology
b562a6c2-8655-42d8-ae6b-4f57c102f221
Which of the following is not an appropriate investigation for anterior urethral stricture -
High frequency ultrasound
Micturating cystourethrogram
Retrograde urethrogram
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
3d
single
Radiological studies in urethral stricture -- (1) Retrograde urethrography - It is the mainstay of radiographic investigation of stricture disease (2) Voiding cystourethrogram / Maturating cystourethrogram MCU demonstrates the segment of urethra proximal to the stricture. (3) Endoscopy Retrograde urethroscopy Antegrade...
Anatomy
Urology
a0edd0e3-c4c2-4e54-bb77-4f52012c674a
A child with fever presents with multiple tender erythematous skin lesions. n microscopic examination the skin lesions are seen to have neutrophilic infiltration in the dermis. What is the diagnosis -
Sweet syndrome
Behcet's syndrome
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Juvenile dermatosis
0a
single
A child with fever and multiple tender erythematous skin lesions with neutrophilic dermal infiltrate suggest the diagnosis of the sweet syndrome, a neutrophilic dermatosis.
Dental
null
01af977e-fd8b-44b6-87e3-c6f992be57d8
Tubal block constitutes what percentage of tubal infeility
5-7%
15-20%
30-35%
90-95%
2c
single
Tubal factors. One of the most impoant and common causes of infeility is salpingitis, when as a result of inflammation, adhesions form around the abdominal ostium, while within the lumen of the tube, the plicae become adherent, blocking the passage in the tube. Gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections or salpingitis follow...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Demography and family planning
95cf9e4b-e7f8-4afa-8c2d-2e30fdc8f074
A 10 years old boy is having polyuria, polydipsia. Laboratory data showed (in meq/L):Na+ - 154K+ - 4.5HCO3- - 22S. Osmolality - 295B. Urea-50Uric specific gravity - 1.005What is the diagnosis?
Diabetes insipidus
Renal tubular acidosis
Bartter's syndrome
Recurrent UTI
0a
single
a. Diabetes insipidus(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 348-349, Ghai 8/e p 501-519)The given child in question has presented with clinical features: Polyuria, polydipsia. Lab data: Hypernatremia (S. Na+ - 154meq/L), Raised S. Osmolality (S. Osmolality - 295), Raised B. Urea (B. urea - 50), Normal K+, HCO - (4.5, 22 respectively). ...
Pediatrics
Kidney
5292becb-324d-4807-b389-5279d7a515d3
What is the cause of nephrocalcinosis in granulomatous disease?
Increased absorption
Increased conversion to 1,25 OH
Dystrophic calcification
Mutation in calcium sensing receptor
1b
single
. Increased conversion to 1,25 OH
Pathology
null
2ba2fad2-15c1-4c51-b26a-4786a44ddf0c
Tuberclin test is reaction of -
Anaphylaxis mediated
Cell mediated
Antibody mediated
Immune complex mediated
1b
single
Tuberculin test is type IV hypersensitivity reaction. - it is a cell mediated response. The antigen activates specifically sensitised CD4 & CD8 T lymphocytes leading to the secretion of lymphokines and phagocyte accumulation. Reference : Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no: 162 <\p>
Microbiology
Immunology
c574f7ff-0f4d-446b-984b-7e0fa00fcd35
Long term tamoxifen therapy may cause :
Endometrium Ca
Ovary Ca
Cervix Ca
Vagina Ca
0a
single
Ans. is a i.e. Endometrium cancer Long term Tamoxifen therapy is a predisposing factor for Endometrial hyperplasia and cancers. For more details, refer answer 6 Also know : Malignancies caused by Long Term Tamoxifen therapy : Carcinoma endometrium - it is the most common carcinoma associated with it. Uterine sarcoma. R...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
e23ad6ee-f245-4303-9008-fb78d39bfb8a
Anisocoria increase in bright light, can be due to
Sympathetic lesion
Parasympathetic lesion
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic lesions
None of the above
2c
multi
(C) both sympathetic and parasympathetic lesions# Anisocoria or a difference in pupil size, is a common condition. A variety of potential causes for anisocoria exist, ranging from trivial or normal variation to life threatening.> Pathophysiology: Anisocoria may result from any of several pathophysiologies; however, it ...
Ophthalmology
Miscellaneous
f013c5f9-f743-43b0-8abe-fe319dc7820c
In a normal curve, the area of one standard detion around the mean includes which of the following per cent of values in a distribution -
48.60%
68.30%
95.40%
99.70%
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 68.3%
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
a5f4f90a-59fb-455b-bb36-baa30a7c9acb
All the following drugs action pseudomonas infection EXCEPT
Carbenicilline
Azlocilline
Peperacilline
Azithromycin
3d
multi
(Azithromycin) (730-KDT 6th)Drugs which acts on Pseudomonas* Carbenicilline* Cefoperazone* Tobramycin* Acetic acid* Ticarcilline* Aztreonam* Sisomicin* Silver sulphadiazine* Azlacilline* Imipenem* Amikacin* Tetracyclines* Mezlocilline* Cefotaxime* Nitilmicin* Cefepime* Peperacilline* Ciprofloxacine* Gentamicin * Moxala...
Pharmacology
Anti Microbial
827b20d2-ea72-4290-9567-467a9e985621
Refractive condition of the eye at birth is –
Hypermetropia of 2D
Myopia of 2 D
Hypermetropia of 5D
Myopia of 5D
0a
single
The newborn is usually hypermetropic by +2 to +3D.
Ophthalmology
null
372fb1a4-873f-4cea-adac-c552a38cbb29
All are seen in acute HIV syndrome except:
Diarrhoea
Pneumonia
Weight loss
Myelopathy
1b
multi
Findings in Acute HIV syndrome is: 1) Fever 2) Lymphadenopathy 3) Pharyngitis 4) Headache 5) Ahralgias 6) Myalgias 7) Weight loss 8) Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea 9) Meningitis 10) Encephalitis 11) Peripheral neuropathy 12) Myelopathy 13) Erythematous maculo-papular rash 14) Mucocutaneous ulceration
Medicine
viral infection
18c1a5f9-d998-414e-bb9c-991191c10710
A patient with a history of diabetes for one year with no other complications should have an ophthalmic examination?
As early as feasible
After 5 years
After 10 years
Only after visual symptoms level
0a
single
Answer- A i.e. As early as feasibleAll diabetic (IDDM & NIDDM both) aged over 12 years and/or entering pubey should be screened (visual activity measurement and fundus examination by ophthalmoscopy)For retinopathy. and those with risk for visual loss referred to an ophthalmologist.Type I DM (IDDM) require ophthalmoscop...
Ophthalmology
null
ed1a7a2c-e064-482b-9ca5-4d6e990278a0
Absence of lymph nodes is characteristic of
Brain
Liver
Lung
Placenta
0a
single
The brain, pa of the central nervous system, has blood vessels but has been thought to lack lymphatic vessels, as they've never been found in humans . Ref - researchgate.net
Anatomy
General anatomy
4a773f24-f4c0-44ac-96b6-579e02cf5d38
True about subarachnoid space
Surround the conus
Outside subdural space
Between piamater and brain
Between dura and subarachnoid
0a
multi
Subarachnoid space ends at S2 level while spinal cord ends at L1. Thus it surrounds the conus completely
Anatomy
All India exam
c7a23de7-9780-405b-b41c-fd0fe0dd97b0
Treatment of choice for endocervical polyp is :
Vaginal hysterectomy
Conization
Polypectomy
Radiotherapy
2c
single
Ans. is c i.e. Polypectomy Endocervical polyp : These lesions represent overgrowth of benign endocervical stroma covered by epithelium. They appear as single, red, smooth elongated masses extending from the external os. Polyps vary in size and range from several millimetres to 2 or 3cm. These common growths are found m...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
16c43379-c012-47f0-a30e-b75c283b368a
All are true statements regarding Lemborexant except :
It is used in the treatment of Insomnia
It is an orexin receptor agonist
It is useful in patients with difficulties with sleep onset/maintenance
The most common adverse effect is somnolence
1b
multi
Lemborexant FDA approved drug for the treatment of insomnia which got its approval after two Phase III clinical trials namely SUNRISE I and SUNRISE II. Useful in insomnia ,characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance. Orexin neuropeptide signaling system plays a role in wakefulness. Blocking ...
Pharmacology
Sedative-Hypnotics and Parkinsonism
cdc688a2-b802-4972-b27d-d406d1bd25f2
Fluctuating, recurring, variable sensorineural deafness is seen in
Serous otitis media
Hemotympanum
Perilabyrinthine fistula
Labrinthine concussion
2c
single
Sensorineural hearing loss is also seen in presbycusis, ototoxicity, Meniere&;s disease, acoustic neuroma, also been associated with diabetes, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, multiple sclerosis and blood dyscrasias. Ref: PL DHINGRA diseases of ear nose and throat, 6th edition, page no 33
ENT
Ear
5526eb4c-17a1-4867-a7f1-25987ecde83a
Aniseikonia means –
Difference in the axial length of the eyeballs
Difference in the size of corneas
Difference in the size of pupils
Difference in the size of image formed by the two eyes
3d
multi
Anisoeikonia is defined as a condition wherein the images projected on the visual cortex from the two retinae are abnormally unequal in size or shape.
Ophthalmology
null
30af852c-9cf9-45fd-a814-756e3ccbaf4a
An 18-year-old male presented with acute onset descending paralysis of 3 days duration. There is also a history of blurring of vision for the same duration. On examination, the patient has quadriparesis with areflexia. Both the pupils are non-reactive. The most probable diagnosis is -
Poliomyelitis
Botulism
Diptheria
Porphyria
1b
multi
Botulism is caused by neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum, which are extremely potent & cause disease after ingestion of even picogram amounts. Its classical form is an acute onset of bilateral cranial neuropathies associated with symmetric descending weakness.The toxin causes predominantly bulbar & ocular palsies(dif...
Medicine
Infection
74dc1007-9c7a-4061-ae88-465dc085fd8a
Implants used in orthodontics are
Endo-osseous implants
Trans-osseous implants
Micro implants
Bioresorbable implants
2c
single
Anchorage is the most critical aspect of orthodontics. The anchorage savers do offer extra assistance to anchorage, most recent armamentarium in orthodontics was the introduction of mini screw implants (MSI) and skeletal anchorage system (SAS). Their small size has led to them being called- "mini-implants, micro-implan...
Dental
null
bede81fa-f361-4fdc-97c5-e33c6fff5141
Which of the the following is true about adenoid cystic carcinoma :
Most common malignant tumor in minor salivary glands
Most common site is sinonasal tract
Most commonly involved nerve is trigeminal
Most common site of metastasis is liver
0a
multi
Adenoid cystic carcinoma: Most common malignant tumor in submandibular, sublingual and minor salivary glands Most common site is hard palate > sinonasal tract Most common site of metastasis is lungs AKA - Tracherous tumor - tumor is malignant but appear benign Most common type is- Cribriform variety - has swiss cheese ...
Surgery
Salivary Glands
8a3d247b-f8bc-40bf-b071-53f094e6eae5
At a constant blood flow, an increase in the number of perfused capillaries improves the exchange between blood and tissue because of
Greater surface area for the diffusion of molecules
Faster flow velocity of plasma and red blood cells in capillaries
Increased permeability of the microvasculature
Decreased concentration of chemicals in the capillary blood
0a
single
.
Pathology
All India exam
1e4e4e4c-7343-4b1f-80b7-5e0bc3500c65
Acute hyponatremia becomes symptomatic at what level of serum sodium concentration?
<130mEq/L
<125 mEq/L
<120 mEq/L
<115 mEq/L
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., <120 mEq/L Acute Hyponatremia* Cases of acute hyponatremia are defined as those developed in < 48 hours of duration.* These patients are usually symptomatic if hyponatremia is severe i.e. < 120mEq/L.* These patients are at greatest risk of development of neurologic symptoms but rarely develop demyelin...
Medicine
Fluid & Electrolyte
453d132c-9ad4-4ba0-859a-e5a7c39addfb
Dehiscence of bone can be seen as X-rays findings in a patient with proptosis in all except:
Mucocele
Neurofibroma
Lacrimal gland tumour
Rhabdomyosarcoma
3d
multi
Ans. Rhabdomyosarcoma
Ophthalmology
null
94afd3a0-d747-452e-95be-4b0fbe24f54c
Maximum rise in Prolactin levels is seen with:
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Ziprasidone
Risperidone
3d
single
Risperidone is the single most likely Atypical Antipsychotic associated with a high likelihood of inducing Hyperprolactinemia. Amongst the options provided. Maximum rise in Prolactin levels is seen with Risperidone. With the exception of risperidone and paliperidone, atypical antipsychotic agents show limited (olanzapi...
Pharmacology
Central Nervous system
55b33602-843c-40da-bf99-29981255f68a
HDI consists all EXCEPT:
Real GDP per capita income
Life expectancy at birth
Literacy rate and gross enrollement ratio
Range 0 to 100
3d
multi
Ans. (d) Range 0 to 100Ref: K. Park 23rtl ed. /17PQLI (Physical Quality of Life IndexHDI (Human Development Index)Literacy rateLiteracy rateInfant mortality rateIncomeLife expectancy (at 1 year)Life expectancy () birth)Range: 0 and 100Range: 0 and +1Value in India: 650.547Also Know* Range of correlation coefficient; 1 ...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Indicators of Health
d5c173b9-b768-4f9c-a7bb-da737d0e79f6
Of the total amount of saliva secreted by all the salivary glands in a day, more than half is secreted by:
Parotid gland.
Submandibular gland.
Sublingual gland.
Combined secretion from minor salivary glands.
1b
multi
Submandibular gland secrets about 60% of the saliva, parotid glands about 35% and remaining 5% is contributed by minor salivary glands.
Dental
null
b693c60a-cdfa-4b0d-9a8e-ad8605982eed
Most common mode of treatment for laryngomalacia is
Reassurance
Medical
Surgery
Wait and Watch
0a
single
Mostly, treatment is conservative. Tracheostomy may be required for some cases of severe respiratory obstruction. Supraglottoplasty is required in cases of severe laryngomalacia. Ref: PL Dhingra 7th edition of Ear, Nose and Throat; Pg no 333
ENT
Larynx
7b9cf16c-d6a6-4157-844b-8c8cda0397a3
A 3 weeks male child born to a Primi mother, is presenting with noisy breathing sound. Child is afebrile, sleeping and feeding well and on clinical examination, he is normal. Management protocol include:
Begin IV antibiotics
Reassure and give saline nasal drop
Give racemic epinephnne
Order for a chest X-ray
1b
single
b. Reassure and give saline nasal drop(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2048-2050)In this case, the baby appears to have no evidence of respiratory distress like tachypnea or retractions. The baby does not have any pneumonia, but only some coryza. So the appropriate management here is Reassure and give saline nasal drops.
Pediatrics
Respiratory System
4928959c-707d-4700-affc-7b88e407e325
Mode of prevention in CHD ?
High risk strategy
Primordial prevention
Secondary prevention
Teiary prevention
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Primordial prevention Best way to prevent moality from any disease is to prevent the development of disease. In case of CHD, primordial prevention is best strategy, which mainly concerns with life style changes.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
254b46eb-8ae6-4e34-a53e-d924d81349ea
Nakayama strain used for which vaccine ?
Typhoid
Chicken pox
Japanese encephalitis
Yellow fever
2c
single
Strains used for JE vaccines:- Nakayama strain Beijing strain
Microbiology
null
7c9fab2c-5424-4dd1-a77e-4be501fe40bc
Type of cataract in chalcosis is -
Sunflower cataract
Blue dot Cataract
Snowflake cataract
Polychromaticlustre
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Sunflower cataract DiseaseCataractMyotonic DystophyChristmas tree cataractWilson's disease, chalcosisSunflower cataractDM, Down's SyndromeSnowflake cataractAtopic dermatitisBlue dot cortical cataract, posterior subcapsular cataractCongenital rubellaNuclear cataractGalactosemiaOil drop cataractComplicat...
Ophthalmology
Acquired Cataract
c94164d6-3f6f-4405-aab8-c3e128c9d313
A patient has loss of sensation at angle of mandible (jaw) and parotid area. Which of the following nerve is most likely to be injured.
Mandibular nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
Lesser occipital nerve
Greater auricular nerve
3d
single
D i.e. Great auricular nerve Angle of mandible is supplied by great auricular nerve (C2,3)Q Tip of nose is supplied by ophthalmic division of trigeminalQ; and side and alae of nose is supplied by maxillary division of trigeminal nerveQThe skin of face is supplied by three divisions of trigeminal nerve, except for the s...
Anatomy
null
b5522199-94a2-4ccc-9017-b9794998783e
In volume–cycled ventilation the inspiratory flow rate is set at –
140–160 L/min
110–130 L/min
60–100 L/min
30–50 L/min
2c
single
Inspiratory flow rate setting for ventilator is 60-80 litres / minute.
Anaesthesia
null
040309c0-6667-4971-87f7-9af264af1cde
Regarding synthesis of triacyl glycerol in adipose tissue, all of the following are true except:
Synthesis from Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Enzyme Glycerol kinase plays an important role
Enzyme Glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase plays an important role
Phosphatidate is hydrolyzed
1b
multi
Ans. B. Enzyme Glycerol kinase plays an important roleGlycerol kinase is not involved in the triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissue.
Biochemistry
Cholesterol and Lipoproteins
682aaa77-f36e-40bd-bcaa-8817f7f46eea
Bifurcation of trachea is at
Upper border of T5
Lower border of T4
Upper border of T4
Lower border of T5
1b
single
Trachea bifurcates at the lower border of fouh thoracic veebrae. <img src=" /> BA CHAURASIA'S HUMAN ANATOMY VOLUME 1. 6TH EDITION.page no-280
Anatomy
Thorax
53bc3db6-f451-4e14-b136-2a215211f577
Which of the following anaemias is a risk factor for the development of gastric carcinoma
Pernicious anaemia
Megaloblastic anaemia
Aplastic anaemia
Haemolytic anaemia
0a
single
People with pernicious anaemia may have associated gastric polyp which can later present with Astrid carcinoma and the risk of development is about 6 times. Reference: internet and SRB edition 5 page no. 845.
Surgery
G.I.T
e83c4d0f-ffe9-4e6b-a688-a23cda340bab
All of the following developmental events are dependent on the production of maternal or fetal glucocoicoids, except
Induction of thymic involution
Production of surfactant by type II alveolar cells
Functional thyroid
Functional hypothalamo pituitary axis
2c
multi
.
Anatomy
All India exam
b6ee0f5b-c7fa-4b3b-baf0-796b2fc0a1e6
Skeletal muscle use the
GLUT-1 transpoer
GLUT-2 transpoer
GLUT-3 transpoer
GLUT-4 transpoer
3d
single
The entry of glucose into skeletal muscle is increased during exercise in the absence of insulin by causing an insulin-independent increase in the number of GLUT 4 transpoers in muscle cell membranes.(REF.GANONG'S REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY 23rd EDITION page no.331)
Physiology
General physiology
49c30340-cdd3-4f8b-a2ec-6c94dae3fb51
As per WHO low bih weight is defined as -
Bihh weight less than 2.5kg
Bih weight < 10th percentile
Gestational age < 34 weeks
Gestational < 28 weeks
0a
single
According to WHO , low bih weight is defined as bih weight of less than 2.5 kg. Hence option 1 is the most appropriate answer. Coming to other options, Option 2- bih weight less than 10th percentile for gestational age is known as small for date babies Option3and 4, Extremely preterm is less than 28 wks Very preterm is...
Social & Preventive Medicine
obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics
2995f5ab-f660-4e6b-a9e9-32169615e813
Radioactivity acts on which phase of cell cycle: March 2010
G1
G2
M
S
1b
single
Ans. B: G2 Most radiosensitive stage of cell cycle: G2M G2 G1 Most radioresistant phase: End of S phase
Radiology
null
d0153b0a-5aa4-40c9-96f8-48645f7a10b6
Ileal obstruction due to round worm obstruction treatment is
Resection with end to end anstomosis
Resection with side to side anastomosis
Enterotomy, removal of worms and primary closure
Diversion
2c
single
If the bowel wall is healthy, enterotomy and removal of the worms may be performed Ref: Bailey & Love&;s Sho Practice of Surgery,E25,Page-53
Surgery
G.I.T
f1bb51d6-7dc5-4bc0-9818-06e706ab684f
Which of the following is associated with neurotic depression?
Usually Associated With Anxiety
Treated By ECT
Endogenous Depression
Usually Bipolar
0a
multi
Ans. A. Usually associated with anxietyClinical features of neurotic depression. It is a synonymous with Dysthymia or depressive personality disorder* It is sub-syndrome depressive symptom for 2 years.* Depression usually followed by stress.* Neurotic symptoms like anxiety, obsessive symptoms, phobia.* Course of illnes...
Psychiatry
Mood Disorders
9c16f2ef-d96f-4bc8-bcce-5a9247e7a961
All are features of delirium except: March 2011
Impairment of consciousness
Immediate memory retention and recall is normal
Disorientation
Hyperactivity
1b
multi
Ans. B: Immediate memory retention and recall is normalDelirium is characterized by clouding of consciousness, characterized by a decreased awareness of surroundings and a decreased ability to respond to environmental stimuli and disorientation (most commonly in time, then in place and usually later in person), associa...
Psychiatry
null
e2aed71c-2e7a-43f2-bd66-84eb8b3846a8
Cause of secondary dysmenorrhea in a young female:a) Tuberculosisb) Adenomyosisc) CINd) Endometriosise) Subserous fibroid
acd
bde
abd
ade
3d
single
Causes of secondary dysmenorrhea: – PID – Endometriosis – Adenomyosis – IUCD – Uterine fibroid – Polyps – Cervical stenosis – Congenital malformation of uterus like bicornuate uterus Management : Treatment of the underlying cause.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
9a8e218f-7cc2-48e8-91fe-17a835ada073
In a patient of symptomatic gallstone disease, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done. On histopathology, adenocarcinoma of gall bladder was diagnosed with stage T2. Next line of treatment:
Observation
Wedge excision of liver with lymphadenectomy and po site excision
Resection of segment IVb & V of liver with nodal clearance with po site excision
Wedge excision of liver with lymphadenectomy
2c
multi
Carcinoma Gall bladder - Route of spread- Hepatic > Lymphatic > Perineural - MC route of spread- Direct hepatic invasion- Generally, GB cancer is an adenocarcinoma- Most specific marker- CA 19-9- IOC for CA bladder- CECT - 8TH AJCC (2017) TNM classification - T1A - involvement of lamina propria- T1B - involvement of mu...
Surgery
Gallbladder