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pair_23591035 | Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a progressive cognitive, behavioural and functional decline which determines ability loss. With the gradual aging of the population, Alzheimer's disease is becoming a major health and social problem which involves not only the individuals but also their whole family. The aim of t... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Il morbo di Alzheimer è la forma di demenza più diffusa, caratterizzata dalla perdita graduale e inarrestabile delle funzioni cerebrali determina la progressiva scomparsa delle capacità di svolgere le attività quotidiane. Con il graduale invecchiamento della popolazione, è diventata uno dei principali problemi sanitari... | it |
pair_23591036 | Falls can be considered as the most relevant accident for frequency and severity among in-hospital paediatric accidents (0-18 years). There is still a lack of a common framework in defining and categorizing paediatric falls across European and Italian paediatric centres. The aim of this survey was to explore key aspect... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Tra gli incidenti dei minori (0-18 anni) ricoverati in ospedale pediatrico le cadute possono considerarsi maggiormente rilevanti per frequenza e severità degli esiti. Attualmente non esiste una mappatura italiana o europea degli aspetti chiave rilevanti per le cadute nei centri pediatrici. L’obiettivo dell’indagine è s... | it |
pair_23591033 | The present study analyses how continuity of care is perceived by health professionals and GRACER (Gravi Cerebrolesioni Acquisite Emilia Romagna) patients' caregivers, in order to investigate where the gap between expectations and reality is more heavily felt and which dimension of the continuity of care is the most im... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Utilizzando il modello teorico della GAP Analysis sono state analizzate le percezioni che gli operatori sanitari e i caregiver di pazienti “Gracer” (Gravi Cerebrolesioni Acquisite) hanno della continuità assistenziale (declinata in informativa, organizzativa e relazionale), per rilevare quali sono gli aspetti su cui il... | it |
pair_23591037 | Resilience is the positive adjustment to adversity. Nursing work is characterised by assisting patients and families to cope through varying types of adversity- accidents, illness, disasters and upheaval and also in encouraging and supporting people to adapt, recover and maintain wellbeing. Thus strategies to promote r... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La resilienza è il modo di affrontare positivamente le avversità. Il lavoro dell’infermiere è caratterizzato dall’assistere i pazienti e le famiglie nel far fronte a vari tipi di avversità quali ad esempio: incidenti, malattie, disastri come anche nell’incoraggiare e supportare le persone verso la guarigione ed al mant... | it |
pair_26824208 | This draft of the Official Round Table held during the 101(st) SIO National Congress is an updated review on sialoendoscopy, a technique used for diagnosis and treatment of obstructive pathologies of salivary glands in a minimally invasive fashion. This review treats many aspects of salivary gland endoscopy, starting f... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Questo testo è un estratto della Tavola Rotonda Istituzionale tenutasi durante il 101° Congresso Nazionale SIO. Si tratta di una revisione aggiornata sulla scialoendoscopia, metodica che mira all'esplorazione e al trattamento mini-invasivo delle patologie ostruttive delle ghiandole salivari maggiori. Il lavoro proposto... | it |
pair_26824209 | It is unclear whether familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is more aggressive than sporadic carcinoma, and its prevalence is still under debate. In this study, we investigated the clinicopathologic features of familial papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) compared with its sporadic counterpart. We used data fr... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Non è chiaro se il carcinoma tiroideo non midollare familiare sia più aggressivo del carcinoma sporadico, ed è ancora dibattuta la prevalenza. In questo studio, abbiamo indagato le caratteristiche clinico-patologiche del carcinoma papillare tiroideo (PTC) a confronto con la sua controparte sporadica. Abbiamo utilizzato... | it |
pair_26824210 | Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is the most common complication following total laryngectomy and the most difficult to manage. It often causes increased morbidity, delays starting adjuvant therapy, prolongs hospitalisation, increases treatment costs and reduces the quality of life (QoL). The objective of this study is ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La formazione di fistole faringocutanee è una delle complicanze più frequenti dopo laringectomia totale e la più difficile da gestire. La comparsa di una fistola faringocutanea determina spesso aumento della morbidità, ritardo nell'inizio delle terapie adiuvanti, prolungata ospedalizzazione, aumento dei costi di tratta... | it |
pair_26824211 | Although the voice in a free field has an excellent recruitment by a cochlear implant (CI), the situation is different for music because it is a much more complex process, where perceiving the pitch discrimination becomes important to appreciate it. The aim of this study is to determine the music perception abilities a... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Gli attuali impianti cocleari forniscono buoni segnali temporali e grossolane indicazioni spettrali. In generale queste proprietà sono sufficienti per la percezione di un discorso in condizioni di quiete e per l'acquisizione del linguaggio nei bambini piccoli. Tuttavia esse risultano essere inadeguate per la trasmissio... | it |
pair_26824212 | Trans-cutaneous bone conduction (BC) stimulators, when coupled to the HB (BC-HB), are generally used to predict the results that could be achieved after bone conductive implant (BCI) surgery, and their performance is generally considered inferior to that provided by the definitive percutaneous system. The aim of the pr... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Gli stimolatori transcutanei per via ossea, quando accoppiati ad un archetto o headband (HB), vengono utilizzati per predire i risultati che potranno essere ottenuti dopo l'applicazione chirurgica di impianti uditivi a conduzione ossea (BCI). Generalmente, la loro efficacia viene considerata inferiore a quella fornita ... | it |
pair_26824213 | The aim of this paper was to overview existing knowledge on foreign body (FB) injuries in children, with particular focus on FB types and anatomical locations, clinical presentation and complications. FB injuries represent a severe public health problem in childhood. The fact that the highest prevalence of FB injuries ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Nel presente lavoro gli Autori sintetizzano le testimonianze relative ai danni provocati da corpi estranei in bambini sottolineandone il tipo, la sede la clinica e le complicanze. I danni provocati da corpi estranei rappresentano un importante e frequente problema di salute pubblica specie nell'infanzia, in quanto i pi... | it |
pair_26824214 | The aim of this study is to investigate whether, in addition to intratympanic steroid therapy, additional hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) sessions per day (twice a day for 5 days) is more useful than one session per day for 10 days in patients affected by severe and profound idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing los... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La finalità dello studio è stata quella di investigare se, in pazienti affetti da ipoacusia improvvisa di grado severo e profondo, un numero maggiore di sedute giornaliere di ossigenoterapia iperbarica (due volte al giorno per 5 giorni) in associazione alla terapia steroidea intratimpanica, risulti più efficace della t... | it |
pair_26824215 | During chronic tonsillitis, the relationship between proliferation and apoptosis of lymphocytes in tonsillar follicles can be disturbed, which gives rise to attenuation of tonsil immunocompetence and diminishing its contribution in systemic immunity. In this study, we have quantified the cells expressing the markers of... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Durante una tonsillite cronica, il rapporto tra proliferazione e apoptosi dei linfociti nei follicoli tonsillari può essere alterato: ciò spiega l'attenuazione dell'immunocompetenza tonsillare e la riduzione del suo contributo all' immunità sistemica. In questo studio abbiamo quantificato le cellule che esprimono i mar... | it |
pair_26824216 | This study describes an unusual case of mandibular asymmetry after fibula free flap reconstruction in a young man following major facial trauma that was corrected using a custom-made polyetheretherketone prosthesis. There is little information in the literature on the use of alloplasts to correct mandibular asymmetry a... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Questo studio descrive un caso insolito di asimmetria mandibolare dopo ricostruzione con lembo libero di fibula in un giovane paziente a causa di un grave trauma facciale corretto mediante l'utilizzo di protesi custom-made in polyetheretherketone. C'è poco riportato in letteratura sull'utilizzo di protesi alloplastiche... | it |
pair_26824217 | Metastases to parapharyngeal or retropharyngeal lymph nodes are rare in well-differentiated thyroid cancers. A review of English literature found only 112 cases reported in the last two decades, with an incidence of parapharyngeal lymph nodes metastases ranging from 0.43 to 2.5%. Surgical resection is the most effectiv... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Le metastasi dei tumori tiroidei ben differenziati nello spazio parafaringeo o nei linfonodi retrofaringei rappresentano una rara condizione. La nostra revisione della letteratura documenta solo 112 casi descritti negli ultimi vent'anni, con una incidenza di metastasi parafaringee che si attesta tra lo 0,43 e il 2,5%. ... | it |
pair_26824218 | Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common type of all salivary gland tumours. Although uncommon, cases of giant pleomorphic adenomas have been described in the medical literature, the majority involving the parotid gland. This paper describes an unusual case of a giant adenoma arising in the parotid gland. The patient und... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L'adenoma pleomorfo rappresenta il più comune istotipo tumorale interessante le ghiandole salivari. Quantunque non siano comuni, la letteratura medica internazionale ha descritto alcuni rari casi di adenoma pleomorfo gigante. La maggior parte di essi era di origine parotidea. Questo articolo vuole descrivere un inusual... | it |
pair_26824219 | Intracochlear schwannomas are rare tumours. Diagnosis is based on high-resolution MRI, which should be used for accurate determination of the location of tumours. We report a case of a cochlear schwannoma that presented with profound hearing loss and intractable paroxysmal positional vertigo, which was diagnosed with g... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | I neurinomi intracocleari sono tumori rari. La diagnosi si basa sulla RM, che fornisce accurate informazioni sulla loro localizzazione. Descriviamo un caso di neurinoma intracocleare manifestatosi con ipoacusia profonda e una intrattabile vertigine posizionale: la diagnosi è stata effettuata con la RM con gadolinio e i... | it |
pair_26824911 | The aim of this review is to summarise literature data on clinical aspects and traditional management of fungal malignant external otitis (FMEO), and to identify potential predictive factors of positive treatment outcome. Articles were initially selected based on their titles or abstracts. Full articles were then retri... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Obiettivo dello studio è stato riassumere i dati della letteratura sugli aspetti clinici e la gestione abituale dell'otite esterna maligna fungina (OEMF), ed identificare possibili fattori predittivi di esito positivo del trattamento. Gli articoli sono stati inizialmente selezionati sulla base del titolo e degli abstra... | it |
pair_26824912 | Our aim was to define typical magnetic resonance (MRI) findings in malignant and benign parotid tumours. This study is based on retrospective evaluation of pre-surgical MRI of 94 patients with parotid gland tumours. Histology results were available for all tumours. There were 69 cases of benign (73%) and 25 cases of ma... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La finalità del nostro lavoro è di valutare le caratteristiche di risonanza magnetica (RM) tipiche dei tumori parotidei maligni e benigni. Questo studio retrospettivo si basa sulla valutazione di esami RM pre-chirurgici di 94 pazienti con tumori parotidei. I risultati istologici erano disponibili in tutti i casi; abbia... | it |
pair_26824913 | Angiogenesis is one of the six originally constituted hallmarks of cancer that has been extensively studied in the last two decades. The aim of our study is to assess the microvessel and macrophageal density in laryngeal carcinoma and its clinicopathological correlations. We immunohistochemically assessed microvessel d... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L'angiogenesi è uno dei sei principali meccanismi alla base del cancro, ed è stato studiato approfonditamente negli ultimi 20 anni. L'obiettivo del presente studio è stato quello di determinare sia la densità capillare sia l'infiltrato macrofagico nei campioni di carcinoma laringeo e di determinarne la correlazione con... | it |
pair_26824914 | Sialendoscopy is a new diagnostic and surgical tool for management of salivary gland diseases that offers the opportunity to treat selected pathologies less invasively and with better results compared to previous techniques. As with any new technique, an adequate training programme involving a gradual learning curve is... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La scialoendoscopia è un nuovo strumento diagnostico e chirurgico che offre l'opportunità di trattare alcune patologie delle ghiandole salivari con procedure non invasive e con risultati potenzialmente superiori alle precedenti tecniche. Come per tutte le nuove tecniche, per raggiungere rapidamente risultati paragonabi... | it |
pair_26824915 | Maxillo-mandibular advancement MMA is considered an efficacious treatment for patients affected by severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Even though OSAS improvement is the main goal of MMA, excessive maxillo-mandibular protrusion should be avoided to guarantee pleasant postoperative facial aesthetics. In or... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L'avanzamento maxillo-mandibolare (AMM) è un trattamento efficace per pazienti affetti da sindrome delle apnee ostruttive notturne (OSAS) di grado severo. Sebbene il miglioramento dell'OSAS sia l'obiettivo principale di tale chirurgia, è necessario evitare un avanzamento maxillo-mandibolare eccessivo per garantire un g... | it |
pair_26824916 | Cartilage tympanoplasty is an established procedure for tympanic membrane and attic reconstruction. Cartilage has been used as an ossiculoplasty material for many years. The aim of this study was to evaluate hearing results of costal cartilage prostheses in ossicular chain reconstruction procedures in subjects operated... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La cartilagine è comunemente utilizzata per la ricostruzione della membrana timpanica e dell'attico in corso di timpanoplastica. Nella nostra esperienza la cartilagine costale omologa è stata utilizzata per molti anni per la creazione di protesi ossiculari. Scopo di questo studio è stato quello di valutare i risultati ... | it |
pair_26824917 | The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of binaural squelch effect (BSE) and head shadow effect (HSE) in children who use unilateral cochlear implants (CI) and contralateral hearing aids (HA). The study group consisted of 19 CI recipient children who consistently wore a contralateral HA. Speech sounds were ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di indagare il grado di effetto squelch binaurale (BSE) e di effetto ombra (HSE) nei bambini che fanno uso di impianto cocleare (CI) e protesi acustica controlaterale (HA). Sono stati arruolati 19 bambini con CI che indossavano regolarmente una HA. Per valutare la performance vo... | it |
pair_26824918 | Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is currently an accepted method of treatment for patients requiring reconstruction of hypoplastic mandibles. To date one of the unsolved problems is how to assess the quantitative increase of mandible length needed to achieve a significant change in the volume of the posterior ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La distrazione osteogenetica mandibolare rappresenta oggi un metodo di trattamento consolidato per i pazienti affetti da ipoplasia mandibolare. Ad oggi, un problema insoluto, nei bambini affetti da micrognazia, è la modalità di valutazione del guadagno di lunghezza mandibolare necessario ad ottenere un miglioramento si... | it |
pair_26824919 | Fibro-osseous benign lesions rarely affect the sinonasal tract and are divided into 3 different entities, namely osteoma, fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma. They share several clinical, radiological and histological similarities, but have different behaviours. Ossifying fibroma, and in particular the 'juvenile' h... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Le lesioni fibro-ossee benigne raramente colpiscono i seni paranasali e sono suddivise in 3 entità: osteoma, displasia fibrosa e fibroma ossificante. Questi presentano simili caratteristiche cliniche, radiologiche e istologiche ma hanno un comportamento diverso. Il fibroma ossificante, in particolare la variante istolo... | it |
pair_26824920 | Isolated bilateral orbital floor fractures are uncommon and are rarely described in the scientific literature. They are usually seen in association with naso-ethmoidal fractures, zygomatic fractures, or fractures of the middle third. We report our experience in the management of a patient presenting bilateral isolated ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Fratture isolate bilaterali del pavimento orbitario sono rare e raramente sono descritte nella letteratura scientifica. Sono osservate solitamente in associazione con fratture naso-etmoidali, fratture zigomatiche o fratture del terzo medio. Riportiamo la nostra esperienza nella gestione di un paziente che presenta frat... | it |
pair_26824921 | Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are benign cystic masses resulting from the abnormal development of lymphatic channels. Lymphatic malformations occur primarily in the head and neck region. Surgical excision of lymphatic malformation is followed by high rate of recurrence and a high risk of complications. Bleomycin is an ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Le malformazioni linfatiche (LMS) sono masse cistiche benigne derivanti dallo sviluppo anormale dei canali linfatici. Le malformazioni linfatiche interessano principalmente il distretto testa-collo. L'asportazione chirurgica di malformazioni linfatiche è seguita da un alto tasso di recidiva e vi è un elevato rischio di... | it |
pair_26829374 | Venous congestion of the NAC (Nipple-Areola Complex) is not an uncommon complication of Skin-Reducing Mastectomy (SRM). The correct and prompt evaluation of the NAC's vitality in the first hours after surgery is important for the survival of the same, in fact the possibility of early intervention allows avoiding the us... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Presentiamo il caso di una paziente, D.M. 57 anni, affetta da carcinoma duttale infiltrante multiplo della mammella dx e sottoposta, nell’Agosto del 2014, a intervento di Skin-Reducing Mastectomy (SRM) con tecnica a T invertita e ricostruzione immediata con protesi. Nell’immediato post-operatorio all’esame clinico la m... | it |
pair_26829462 | We report a case of 31 years-old female suffering from complicated giant bulla in the right upper pulmonary lobe. The patient was admitted to our hospital with a radiologic diagnosis of hydro - pneumothorax treated by chest tube in a first time, and later, for prolonged air leaks, by uniportal VATS with a single 4-cm s... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’enfisema bolloso gigante, altresì detto polmone evanescente, è una sindrome clinica già descritta nel 1937 da Burke1. Si tratta di una patologia idiopatica che colpisce i giovani, spesso fumatori; altri fattori di rischio sono rappresentati dal deficit di α-1 antitripsina e dall’abuso di marijuana2. La severa distors... | it |
pair_25114476 | The rapid aging of the Chinese population has spurred interest in research about the cause and prevention of dementia and its precursor, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This review summarizes the last decade of research in China about MCI. Extensive research about the epidemiology, neuropsychological characteristics, ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 中国人口的迅速老龄化促进了对老年痴呆及其前体（轻度认知功能损害，MCI）的病因和预防的研究。本文综述了过去十年中国有关MCI的研究。有关MCI的流行病学、神经心理特征、诊断学、遗传病因学、神经影像学和电生理变化以及治疗方面的广泛研究已提供了一些新的见解，但很少有突破结果。对于MCI的预防与治疗，未来的发展方向则更注重具有代表性的大样本多学科前瞻性研究，并使用标准化方法来评估和监测认知功能随着时间的推移而产生的变化。 | zh-cn |
pair_25114477 | The negative symptoms of schizophrenia are not effectively treated with antipsychotic medications. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an alternative approach that may be more effective in treating negative symptoms, but there has been little research comparing the effectiveness of different rTMS sti... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 抗精神病药物对精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效欠佳。重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）或许是治疗阴性症状的另一种更有效的方法，但很少有关于不同模式rTMS治疗有效性比较的研究。 比较四种不同模式rTMS对治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的效果。 96例有明显阴性症状的精神分裂症患者随机分为四个治疗组：10赫兹，20赫兹，θ波脉冲刺激（TBS），和模拟rTMS治疗（即对照组）。在前三组，采用运行阈值的80％对左背外侧前额叶皮层进行刺激，每周五次，持续四周。治疗前后，由对患者分组单盲的评估者采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、阴性症状评估量表（SANS）和不良反应量表（TESS）进行评估。 96例患者中3名患者中途退出试验（两个来自对照组和一个来自20赫兹组）... | zh-cn |
pair_25114478 | Schizophrenia is a chronic condition that leads to high rates of disability and high levels of family burden but the interactive relationship between these variables remains unclear, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the vast majority of patients live with their families. Assess the symptom severit... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 精神分裂症是一种慢性疾病，其致残率高、家庭负担重，但这些因素之间的相互关系仍不清楚，尤其是在中低等收入国家，绝大多数患者是与家人同住的。 评估中国四川省定期门诊精神分裂症患者的症状严重程度，伤残等级与家庭负担情况。 共有101例定期门诊的精神分裂症患者纳入研究患者病程中位数为5年。研究采用世界卫生组织残疾评定量表2.0（WHODAS II），阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）以及家庭适应、共处、成长、情感和解决指数量表（APGAR）进行评估，对患者的照顾者采用家庭负担会谈量表（FBIS）进行调查。 101例患者中，92例与他们的直系亲属住在一起，74例有显著临床残疾， 73例失业。残疾等级与症状严重程度（<i>r</i>=0.50，<... | zh-cn |
pair_25114479 | Cognitive training, a safe non-pharmacological intervention, may help mitigate cognitive decline and prevent the development of dementia in elderly individuals. Evaluate the long-term effects of cognitive training among healthy elderly community members. Healthy individuals 70 years of age or older from one urban commu... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 认知训练是一种安全的非药物干预，可能帮助老年个体减轻认知功能减退和预防痴呆症。 评估社区健康老年人认知训练的长期效果。 上海某城市社区70岁及以上的健康老年人进行筛选后，151名符合纳入标准的个体被分配至干预组（<i>n</i>=90）和对照组（<i>n</i>=61）。干预组每周接受两次推理、记忆和策略的训练，持续12周（共24次）。于基线、12周、和入组后5年时，使用《老年人神经心理测验中文版》(NTBE)、《斯特鲁色词测验》、和《一般健康问卷》分别对个体进行评估。 干预组49人（54%）和对照组33人（54%）完成了5年的随访。完成与未完成5年随访的个体之间在基线时的神经认知测量没有显著差异，并且干预组脱落个体和对照组脱落个体... | zh-cn |
pair_25114480 | The relationship between the duration of untreated psychosis and long-term clinical outcomes remains uncertain. Prospectively assess the relationship of the duration of untreated psychosis on clinical outcomes in a sample of individuals with first-onset schizophrenia treated at the Pudong Mental Health Center from Janu... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 精神疾病未经治疗的时间和长期临床结局之间关系仍然存在争议。 前瞻性评估浦东精神卫生中心2007年1月至2008年12月收治的首发精神分裂症患者未经治疗的时间与临床结果之间的关系。 采用简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）、不良反应量表（TESS）、康复状态量表（MRSS）、以及社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）分别于基线、2010年6月和2012年6月收集一般健康状况，精神症状和社会功能相关信息。 共43例首发精神分裂症患者参与研究，将其分为精神疾病未治疗（DUP）短期（<24周）和精神疾病未治疗（DUP）长期（>24周）两组。短期DUP组的平均随访时间为1197（SD=401）天，长期DUP组平均随访时间为1412（SD=306）天（<i... | zh-cn |
pair_25114482 | Tardive dystonia (TDt), a cluster of extrapyramidal symptoms that are caused by long-term use of antipsychotic medication, is characterized by difficulty in autonomic movements of skeletal (voluntary) muscles and consequent deformations of the body. TDt is rarely seen among patients taking olanzapine, but olanzapine wa... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 迟发性肌张力障碍是长期使用抗精神病药物所致的一系列锥体外系症状，主要特征包括骨骼肌肉（随意肌）自主运动困难和随后的躯体变形。迟发性肌张力障碍在服用奥氮平患者中罕见，但本文报道中奥氮平正是这名22岁男性精神分裂症患者的促发抗精神病药物，他坚持服用标准剂量的奥氮平大约1年后出现撅嘴、持续不自主斜颈、肌肉疼痛、轴向肌张力障碍和步态不稳的症状。停用奥氮平后，他的症状没有缓解。氯氮平合并丙戊酸镁、维生素E、硫必利和劳拉西泮治疗四个月也没有让肌张力障碍得到任何改善。 | zh-cn |
pair_25114483 | A data monitoring committee (DMC) is a group of clinicians and biostatisticians appointed by study sponsors who provide independent assessment of the safety, scientific validity and integrity of clinical trials. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration requires the formation of DMC in all trials that asse... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 数据监测委员会是由研究赞助者指定的一组临床医生和生物统计学家，对临床试验的安全性、科学有效性和完整性进行独立评估。在美国，食品和药物管理局要求在评估所有新的干预时在要成立数据监测委员会。在其他临床研究中，如果存在重大的安全问题、实施双盲治疗分配或者预期对临床实践会产生重大影响，也强烈建议成立数据监测委员会。因为数据监测委员会对经常参加此类研究的弱势群体提供了一层额外的保护，所以他们在精神病学临床研究中是非常重要的。本报告描述了数据监测委员会的作用，组建和运作. | zh-cn |
pair_25114486 | A community-based rehabilitation program is an essential element of the comprehensive treatment of individuals with schizophrenia. Assess the long-term effects of a community-based case management program for providing rehabilitations services to individuals with schizophrenia. A total of 730 community-residing partici... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 以社区为基础的康复方案是精神分裂症患者综合治疗的基本要素。 评估以社区为基础的个案管理为精神分裂症患者提供康复服务的长期效果。 从上海两区共招募730名符合ICD-10精神分裂症诊断标准的社区居民，380名纳入个案管理组和350名纳入对照组。个案管理涉及每月培训拜访患者和他们的家庭成员，侧重于鼓励患者坚持服药。在24个月中参加者每3个月使用Camberwell需求评价量表（CAN），阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS），世界卫生组织残疾评定量表（WHO-DAS）和生活质量表（QOLS）进行一次评估。那些没有得到医生批准而停止服用抗精神病药物一个月或更长的患者被归为 “自行决定停药”。 相比于常规治疗组（即每3个月的随访管理），参加个案管... | zh-cn |
pair_25114487 | A high-fat diet (HFD) is a well-known risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular disease but the relationship between a HFD and depressive symptoms remains unknown. Compare changes in behavioral and measures of brain glucose metabolism in rats fed a HFD to those of rats fed a standard diet. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 高脂肪饮食（HFD）是心脑血管疾病的一个众所周知的危险因素，但HFD和抑郁症状之间的关系仍然不明。 大鼠喂食高脂饮食后，与喂食普通食物的大鼠对照比较对行为和脑葡萄糖代谢的改变的差异。 20只雄性SD大鼠被随机分为研究组（n=10）、对照组（n=10），分别予高脂肪或标准喂食9周。基线和试验9周后的评估包括体重，血脂（总胆固醇，甘油三酯，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇），蔗糖偏好测试，以及旷场试验。在试验结束时再比较两组大鼠的不同脑区的大脑葡萄糖代谢率（采用小动物正电子发射断层扫描评估）。 正如预期，HFD组大鼠9周后体重增加、血清脂质水平出现变化，这些变化还与蔗糖偏好程度降低（这可能是由于对愉快性行为失去兴趣）、体重调整的... | zh-cn |
pair_25114488 | Most psychiatric inpatients in China are involuntarily admitted by their families, resulting in relatively long admissions and relatively low readmission rates. However, this pattern may change after implementation of China's new national mental health law (promulgated in 2013), which restricts involuntary psychiatric ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 中国大多数精神科住院患者是由家人强制性入院，导致住院时间相对较长和再次住院率相对较低。然而，这种模式随着新颁布的中国精神卫生法（颁布于2013年）可能发生变化，该法限定了强制性精神科入院为那些对自己或他人产生危险的小部分精神疾病患者。 评估中国广州精神科住院患者再次住院率的相关因素。 对从中国最大的精神病医院之一——广州市精神病医院收集来的数据进行回顾性分析，使用Cox回归模型评估年龄、性别、诊断、婚姻状况、就业状况之间的关系，与主要照顾者的关系、医疗保险、指标住院的时间、以往的入院次数之间的关系，进而评估出院后一年内再住院的风险。使用多因素回归分析来评估随访一年中再次住院总时间的相关因素。 2011年1月至2012年12月31日间... | zh-cn |
pair_25114489 | Cardiovascular diseases are increasingly important in China, but the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the indigent mentally ill are unknown. Assess the prevalence of four key risk factors for cardiovascular disease -- hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and smoking - among homeless pati... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 心血管疾病在中国日益增长，但是贫困精神病患者心血管疾病的危险因素患病率尚不明确。 评估无家可归的精神分裂症患者中心血管疾病四个主要危险因素的患病率 - 高血压，高血糖，高血脂及吸烟 - 并确定与这些危险因素相关的因素。 我们回顾了从2007年5月到2013年4月期间，在上海嘉定精神卫生中心住院的精神分裂症以及分裂样精神病患者病历，包括181名无家可归的患者和181非无家可归的患者。比较了两组间人口学特征和心血管事件的危险因素。使用逻辑回归模型确定了与四个风险因素中一种或多种存在关联的因素。 两组患者的高血压和高血脂症的患病率范围为19%到20%（男性和女性的患病率范围相同）；这些比率和一般人群报道的相似。两组患者的高血糖患病率介于1... | zh-cn |
pair_25114491 | China's first mental health law, which went into effect last year, envisages a world in which psychotherapy is an integral part of all levels of medical care. There are many obstacles to achieving this goal. The new law empowers psychiatrists to provide psychotherapy but few of them have the time or inclination to do s... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 中国第一部精神卫生法于去年开始生效，将心理治疗整合到各级医疗保健之中。但实现这一目标还存在着很多障碍。新法案赋予精神科医生提供心理治疗的权力，但是由于非生物学治疗所得到的收入较低，很少有医生会有时间或愿意去做。训练有素的临床心理治疗师非常紧缺，部分原因是缺乏督导培训的机会，也与目前的医疗制度有关，新的精神卫生法未给予他们在没有医生直接监督下诊断或治疗病人的权力。为了实现新法律的崇高目标，需要大幅度修改法规；也许更重要的是大力改变人们对于心理治疗师在医疗保健服务体系中作用和地位的态度。 | zh-cn |
pair_25114492 | Madelung's disease, also known as benign symmetric lipomatosis (BSL), multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL), fatty neck syndrome or Launois-Bensaude syndrome, is a rare disease characterized by the presence of multiple, symmetric, loose adipose tissues distributed around the neck, occipitalis, shoulder, back or chest. T... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 马德隆氏病是一种罕见的疾病，也称为良性对称性脂肪过多症（BSL），多发性对称脂肪堆积症（MSL），肥颈综合征或Launois-Bensaude综合征，其特征为多发性、对称性、脂肪组织松散地堆积在颈部、枕部、肩部、背部或胸部。脂肪组织是没有被包裹的，因此在相邻区域之间可以自由移动。这种疾病在地中海中年白人男子中最常见;在亚洲很少报道。马德隆氏综合征患者60-90％有慢性酗酒史。我们报告一例51岁中国男性酒精所致精神障碍患者，发现颈部脂肪组织3年里逐步扩展。根据病史、体格检查，颈部CT等常规检查结果，他被确诊为马德隆氏综合征。 | zh-cn |
pair_25114494 | Item response theory (IRT) is an important method of assessing the validity of measurement scales that is underutilized in the field of psychiatry. IRT describes the relationship between a latent trait (e.g., the construct that the scale proposes to assess), the properties of the items in the scale, and respondents' an... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 项目反应理论（Item response theory, IRT）是用来评估精神病学领域那些尚未被充分使用的测量量表效度一种重要方法。 IRT描述了潜在心理特征（例如，该量表拟评估心理问题的架构）、量表中各项目的属性、以及被测试者对各项目应答之间的关系。本文介绍了IRT的基本前提，假设和方法。为了帮助解释这些概念，我们依据流行病学调查中心抑郁量表修订版中三个答案为是/否二分类选项的问题制定了一个假设的量表。流行病学调查中心抑郁量表已经用于19,399被测试者。我们首先用因子分析确认这三个项目的单维性，然后用Mplus软件建立2-Parameter Logic (2-PL) IRT模型，这是一种用来评估量表中各项目两两差异和项目难度的... | zh-cn |
pair_25130964 | Small cell lung cancer accounts for about 15%-25% of lung cancer, although the new chemotherapy drugs and radiation technology are continuously progressing, but the prognosis is still poor. To explore the prognostic factor of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), we study the correlation between effect, prognosis and TNM stag... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景与目的 小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer, SCLC）约占新发肺癌的15%-25%，尽管新型化疗药物及放疗技术不断进展，但预后仍较差，为进一步探讨局限期SCLC的预后因素，回顾性评价不同TNM分期、不同治疗模式对局限期SCLC疗效及预后的影响。方法 收集2006年1月-2012年3月期间吉林省肿瘤医院胸部肿瘤内科收治的资料完整经过序贯化放疗的局限期SCLC共91例，根据2009年国际肺癌组织分期系统回顾性的将局限期患者分为I期、II期、IIIa期和IIIb期组，比较4组的近期疗效、无进展生存期（progression-free survival, PFS）和生存期（overall survival, OS... | zh-cn |
pair_25130965 | The mismatch between pleural space and remnant lung after bilobectomy has been considered as the main reason for the high incidence of postoperative complications in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the differences in postoperative complications between bilobectomy and lo... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景与目的 双肺叶切除后剩余肺叶与胸膜腔空间不匹配是右侧非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）患者术后高并发症发病率的主要原因。本研究旨在比较右侧NSCLC双肺叶切除与单肺叶切除患者术后并发症发生率之间的差异。方法 本研究共纳入行右侧肺叶切除NSCLC 528例，右肺单肺叶切除病例352例（108例上叶与244例下叶）为对照组，右肺双肺叶切除病例176例（57例中上叶与119例中下叶）为观察组。两组病例行回顾性病例-对照配对研究。两组病例按照年龄、性别、术前预计FEV1%、LEVF%、手术方式、术前心脏伴随疾病、术后管理方式、病理类型、肿瘤大小等情况进行按1:2进行配对。比较两组患者术后3... | zh-cn |
pair_25130966 | DNA promoter methylation of the tumor suppressor genes was one of the key mechanism for gene silence. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference of MGMT gene promoter methylation rate in tumor tissue and autologous controls (serum, normal lung tissue and bronchial lavage fluid) in patients with non-small ce... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景与目的 抑癌基因启动子区域甲基化是基因失活的重要机制之一，本研究采用meta分析的方法探讨非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）患者癌组织与自身对照组织（血浆、正常肺组织及支气管灌洗液）MGMT基因启动子甲基化率有无差别。方法 计算机检索Medline 、EMBASE、CNKI及万方等数据库，收集公开发表的涉及MGMT基因启动子甲基化与NSCLC关系的临床研究。采用meta分析的方法比较NSCLC患者癌组织与正常自身对照组织中MGMT基因启动子甲基化率有无差别。结果 15篇文献符合纳入标准并纳入本研究，NSCLC患者肺癌组织中MGMT基因启动子甲基化率为38%（95%CI: 23%-5... | zh-cn |
pair_25130967 | Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are mainly used for the targeted therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, EGFR mutations should be detected to treat lung cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the detection rate of NSCLC in patients with EGFR gene mutations by conducting direc... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景与目的 以表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）为靶点治疗非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）是现在治疗肺癌的前沿手段，因此检测EGFR是否突变成为治疗肺癌的关键一步。本研究旨在探讨直接测序法和ARMS法检测NSCLC患者的EGFR基因突变情况及检出率。 方法 收集自2012年4月-2013年6月本中心接受进行EGFR基因突变检测的NSCLC患者，分别用直接测序法和ARMS法对这些患者的肿瘤组织标本进行检测，检测其中EGFR基因第18-21外显子的突变情况，并比较两者方法的优劣。结果 在该451例两种方法均检测的患者中，两种方... | zh-cn |
pair_25130968 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), known as multifunctional cytokines with high biological activity, play an important role in physiological and pathological responses such as inflammation, immune response and even tumors. There have been multiple polymorphism loci found in IL-6 gene and IL-1β gene. The a... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景与目的 白介素-6（interleukin-6, IL-6）和白介素-1β（IL-1β）是白介素家族中具有多功能生物活性的细胞因子。IL-6-634（rs1800796）和IL-1β-31（rs1143627）分别是IL-6基因和IL-1β基因上的两个常见多态位点，本研究旨在探讨IL-6-634位点和IL-1β-31位点单核苷酸多态性与非吸烟女性肺癌易感性的关系，并探讨环境危险因素与基因多态性交互作用对肺癌发病风险的影响。方法 采用病例-对照研究方法，纳入非吸烟女性肺癌患者363例和对照370例。采用χ2检验比较各基因型、相关危险因素暴露在病例与对照之间分布的差异，以比值比（odds ratio, OR）及其95%可信区间（co... | zh-cn |
pair_25130970 | C-MET is a coding product of proto oncogene c-MET, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor with tyrosine kinase activity. The abnormal expression of c-Met gene is correlated with the tumorigenesis and development of lung cancer. Once the tyrosine kinase is activated by the interaction between the HGF ligand and the TK ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | c-MET是原癌基因c-MET编码的蛋白产物，是肝细胞生长因子（hepatocyte growth factor, HGF）受体，具有络氨酸激酶活性。c-Met的异常表达与肺癌的发生发展有着密切的关系。HGF与其c-Met受体结合后，活化c-Met酪氨酸激酶活性，能促进多种肿瘤细胞包括肺癌细胞的增殖、新生血管生成及肿瘤侵袭和迁移。针对HGF/c-Met信号转导通路的靶向治疗是目前肺癌治疗的新热点。本文将就HGF/c-Met信号转导通路在肺癌中异常调控及其靶向药物在肺癌中的研究进展进行综述。 | zh-cn |
pair_25130971 | Accumulating evidences indicate that aberrant activation of PI3K/AKT pathway in non-small cell lung cancer plays a vital role in tumor cell proliferation,apoptosis, and survival including drug resistance. Cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy are in widespread clinical use in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, ho... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 研究表明，PI3K/AKT信号通路在非小细胞肺癌存在异常激活，对肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡、存活、耐药等起着重要的作用。顺铂是临床最常用一线化疗药物，但随着治疗的进展肿瘤对其耐药的现象越来越普遍，严重制约其临床效果。顺铂耐药是多种机制共同参与的复杂过程，其中PI3K/AKT通路或其组分持续被激活是非常重要的因素之一。本文对二者关系研究领域的进展作一综述。 | zh-cn |
pair_34060077 | Child sexual abuse (CSA) may have significant consequences for siblings; however, limited research has been conducted on the impact of the abuse on sibling and family relationships following the disclosure of CSA. This study sought to investigate sibling responses to disclosures of CSA among a group of adult siblings i... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 儿童性虐待（CSA）可能对兄弟姐妹产生重大影响；然而，在披露CSA后，关于性虐待对兄弟姐妹和家庭关系造成的影响的研究还比较少。本研究试图通过在线调查，调查爱尔兰一群成年兄弟姐妹对披露CSA的反应，以及CSA对兄弟姐妹和家庭关系的影响。有45名参与者（n=45）回答开放式问题，对他们的回答进行了主题分析。研究确定了三个主题。(a) 强烈的情绪反应，(b) 关系支持和压力，以及(c) 管理家庭动态。CSA公开披露出来可能对兄弟姐妹和家庭关系产生重大影响。在CSA披露后，为兄弟姐妹提供支持是至关重要的，这对遭受性虐待的个人和整个大家庭的福祉都同等重要。. | zh-cn |
pair_34060077 | Child sexual abuse (CSA) may have significant consequences for siblings; however, limited research has been conducted on the impact of the abuse on sibling and family relationships following the disclosure of CSA. This study sought to investigate sibling responses to disclosures of CSA among a group of adult siblings i... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | El abuso sexual infantil puede tener consecuencias importantes para los hermanos, sin embargo, se han realizado pocas investigaciones sobre el efecto del abuso en las relaciones familiares y fraternales después de la revelación de abuso infantil. El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad investigar las respuestas de los ... | es |
pair_34074090 | Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a commonly used organic solvent in industry and it was classified as a Group I carcinogen by IARC, with immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity and neurotoxicity. Increasing evidence suggests that TCE-induced autoimmune diseases and cancer are involved in epigenetic modifications. Thi... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 三氯乙烯（TCE）是工业中常用的有机溶剂，已被国际癌症研究机构（IARC）列为Ⅰ类致癌物，并具有免疫毒性、肝脏毒性、肾脏毒性和神经毒性等。越来越多的证据表明，TCE所致的自身免疫性疾病和癌症与表观遗传修饰有关。本文基于TCE在表观遗传修饰方面的最新研究进展，对TCE引起DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和微小RNA调控等进行综述，为进一步探究TCE暴露影响健康的机制提供信息。. | zh-cn |
pair_34074091 | Pneumoconiosis is one of the most serious and common occupational disease in China at present, there are a variety of complications, which seriously affect the disease treatment, disease progress and prognosis, but also the direct cause of death. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of various comorbidities of pneum... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 尘肺病是我国目前危害最严重和最常见的职业病之一，存在多种合并症，严重影响疾病治疗、病情进展和预后，也是加剧患者死亡的直接原因。因此，防治尘肺病各种合并症是我国的一项重大的公共卫生问题。本文就尘肺病不同合并症的流行病学特征进行概述，分析总结其研究现状及存在的问题并提出相关思考，以期为防治尘肺病合并症提供参考。. | zh-cn |
pair_34074092 | Refractory ceramic fibers (RCFs) , as the main substitute for asbestos, are widely used because of their high temperature resistance and good thermal insulation. In the air of its production and use places, RCFs are inhalable fibers that are easy to deposit in the lungs. The results of a number of epidemiological studi... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 耐火陶瓷纤维（RCFs）作为石棉的主要替代品，因其耐高温和良好的绝热性被广泛使用。在生产和使用场所空气中的RCFs属于可吸入纤维，易在肺部发生沉积。多项流行病学和毒理学研究表明RCFs与肺部疾病的发生有关。本文从RCFs致胸膜增厚、肺纤维化、肺功能损伤和肿瘤及遗传损伤角度进行综述，并对RCFs对呼吸系统损伤相关研究的前景加以展望。. | zh-cn |
pair_34074093 | In this paper, the related research on occupational hazards of civil aviation employees at home and abroad is reviewed, and the effects of noise, radioactivity, harmful gas, bad posture, occupational stress, fatigue and many other factors on the health of civil aviation employees are summarized. This paper describes th... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 本文对国内外民航员工职业病危害因素的相关研究进行综述，总结噪声、放射性因素、有害气体、不良体位、职业应激、倒班疲劳等多种职业病危害因素对民航员工健康的影响。针对民航员工职业病危害因素特点及对健康的影响进行描述，以期对民航相关单位管理人员控制职业病危害因素提供依据，民航员工的职业健康问题需要引起重视并予以管理。. | zh-cn |
pair_34075261 | Digital global connectivity offers multinational enterprises new opportunities, but it also brings unique risks, an area not yet well examined in international business. This article presents an organizational information-processing framework, which elucidates what (risk types and sources), how (risk assessing and mana... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 数字全球连动为跨国企业提供了新的机遇, 但同时也带来了独特的风险, 这是国际商务中尚未很好研究的一个领域。 本文提出了一个组织信息处理框架, 以辩证的方式阐明了这些风险与什么 (风险类型和来源), 如何 管理这些风险(风险评估和控制, 以及那些企业涉险更多, 以寻求将理论见解与管理行动相结合。 我们关注跨国公司 (MNE) 所面临的特有的三类风险 (数字依赖、信息安全和监管复杂性), 并解释国家内部和国家之间各种风险驱动因素。 本文探讨了跨国公司在承受这些风险方面的差异, 并提出信息流强度、地域多样性、国际战略和全球平台参与度对公司的数字风险及应对能力具有重大启示。最后, 该框架从个体和集体的角度为跨国企业管理数字风险提供了行动指南... | zh-cn |
pair_34075261 | Digital global connectivity offers multinational enterprises new opportunities, but it also brings unique risks, an area not yet well examined in international business. This article presents an organizational information-processing framework, which elucidates what (risk types and sources), how (risk assessing and mana... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La connectivité numérique globale offre de nouvelles opportunités aux entreprises multinationales (MNEs - Multinational Enterprises), mais comporte également des risques uniques, un domaine qui n’est pas encore suffisamment examiné en profondeur dans les affaires internationales. Cet article présente un cadre de traite... | fr |
pair_34075261 | Digital global connectivity offers multinational enterprises new opportunities, but it also brings unique risks, an area not yet well examined in international business. This article presents an organizational information-processing framework, which elucidates what (risk types and sources), how (risk assessing and mana... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | A conectividade digital global oferece novas oportunidades a empresas multinacionais, mas também traz riscos únicos, uma área ainda não bem examinada em negócios internacionais. Este artigo apresenta um modelo de processamento de informações organizacionais, que elucida o quê (tipos e fontes de risco), como (avaliação ... | pt |
pair_34075261 | Digital global connectivity offers multinational enterprises new opportunities, but it also brings unique risks, an area not yet well examined in international business. This article presents an organizational information-processing framework, which elucidates what (risk types and sources), how (risk assessing and mana... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La conectividad global ofrece a las empresas multinacionales nuevas oportunidades, pero también trajo retos únicos, un área que no ha sido aún bien examinada en negocios internacionales. Este artículo presenta un marco de procesamiento de información organizacional, la cual esclarece qué (tipos y fuentes de riesgo), có... | es |
pair_34075733 | Changes in abiotic and biotic factors can affect the efficiency of biological systems in animals, forcing them to adjust their behaviors in response to daily and seasonal variations. From September 2016 to August 2017, we collected ranging behavior data on four groups of white-headed langurs ( <i>Trachypithecus leucoce... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 生物和非生物因素的变化影响着动物有机体的代谢效率，迫使动物调整行为模式。2016年9月至2017年8月，我们收集了广西崇左白头叶猴国家级自然保护区4群白头叶猴（ <i>Trachypithecus leucocephalus</i>）的漫游行为数据，分析了生态因素对白头叶猴漫游行为的影响，探究该物种适应石灰岩生境的行为机制。结果表明，白头叶猴的漫游行为受食物组成、食物可利用性和气候因素的显著影响。具体而言，猴群的移动时间和日漫游距离随食物多样性的增加而增加，与果实可利用性和林下相对湿度呈正相关关系，而与裸露岩石的温度和相对湿度呈负相关关系。白头叶猴保持稳定的移动和觅食时间，日漫游距离较短，可能采取了一种节能的行为策略来应对破碎化喀斯... | zh-cn |
pair_34075734 | Functional diversity is an integrative approach to better understand biodiversity across space and time. In the present study, we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns (i.e., elevation and season) and environmental determinants of anuran functional diversity on Tianping Mountain, northwest Hunan, China. Specifically... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 解析生物多样性的时空分布格局对了解物种共存和群落构建机制有重要作用。功能多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分，因为其能更为综合的反映生物多样性在时间和空间尺度上的变动。该研究以湖南省桑植县天平山为研究区域，探究了山地森林中无尾两栖类功能多样性的时空（季节与海拔）格局及其环境决定因子。具体来说，我们从低海拔到高海拔（300-1492 m）设置了10条样线，于2017年4月（春季）、6月（初夏）、8月（盛夏）和10月（秋季）对样线内的无尾两栖类和微生境环境因子分别进行了野外调查，并计算了每一条样线无尾两栖类在不同季节的四个功能多样性指数。结果表明，在空间尺度上，功能丰富度和海拔之间存在显著的倒钟形响应，功能均匀度和海拔之间存在显著的驼峰形响... | zh-cn |
pair_34079093 | In human retina, photoreceptor cell death (PCD) is a slow but conspicuous event, which continues with aging. Rods die earlier than cones, the latter continue to alter in a subtle manner until advanced aging. This review summarizes the existing information on age-related changes in photoreceptor cells, especially cones ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 摘要: 在人类视网膜中, 感光细胞死亡 (photoreceptor cell death, PCD) 是一个缓慢而显著的过程, 并随着年龄的增长而持续。视杆细胞比视锥细胞死亡发生的更早, 但后者以微妙的方式继续改变, 直到老年。这篇综述总结了光感受器与年龄相关变化的现有资料, 特别是视锥细胞, 并分析了可能的相关因素。氧化和亚硝化应激与光感受器的改变有关, 这源于光和铁的毒性以及其他来源。黄斑光感受器外节脂质过氧化和线粒体畸变在衰老过程中尤为突出。重要的是要了解这些改变最终是如何触发PCD的。随年龄增加, 钙结合蛋白D-28K和长/中波长敏感视蛋白在中心凹旁和中心凹周围的视锥细胞中重新分布, 因此视锥细胞神经元胞体和轴突异常是易受... | zh-cn |
pair_34085437 | Metabolic engineering is the use of recombinant DNA technology, synthetic biology and genome editing to modify the cellular networks including metabolic, gene regulatory, and signaling networks of an organism. It can achieve the desirable goals such as enhanced production of metabolites, and improve the capability of b... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 代谢工程利用重组DNA技术、合成生物学、基因组编辑来改变生物体的细胞网络，包括代谢、基因调控和信号网络等。它可以实现加强包括化学品、燃料、化学原料药和其他生物技术产品等代谢物生产的目标，提升生物制造能力与效率。为了梳理和凝练代谢工程30年来的发展状况，《生物工程学报》特组织出版专刊，从代谢工程总体发展、共性技术以及以什么宿主和做什么产品等4个方面展现该领域的发展动态和趋势，并为代谢工程领域的进一步发展提出建设性的意见与展望。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085438 | Since its establishment 30 years ago, the discipline of metabolic engineering has developed rapidly based on its deep integration with molecular biology, systems biology and synthetic biology successively, which has greatly contributed to advancing and upgrading biotechnology industry. This review firstly analyzes the ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 代谢工程学科建立30年以来先后与分子生物学、系统生物学和合成生物学发生深度的交叉融合，并在此基础上获得了飞速发展，极大地促进了生物技术产业的进步和升级。文中首先基于SCI论文发表情况对30年来代谢工程学术研究现状和我国在该领域的地位和影响力进行了分析，随后总结了近10年来系统生物学方法和合成生物学的主要使能技术在代谢工程中的应用。最后讨论了目前代谢工程发展中存在的主要问题和今后的发展趋势。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085439 | In 1990s, Bailey and Stephanopoulos put forward the concept of classic metabolic engineering, aiming to use DNA recombination technology to rewire metabolic network to achieve improved cell performance and increased target products. In the last 30 years since the birth of metabolic engineering, life science have flouri... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 20世纪90年代，Bailey及Stephanopoulos等提出了经典代谢工程的理念，旨在利用DNA重组技术对代谢网络进行改造，以达到细胞性能改善，目标产物增加的目的。自代谢工程诞生以来的30年，生命科学蓬勃发展，基因组学、系统生物学、合成生物学等新学科不断涌现，为代谢工程的发展注入了新的内涵与活力。经典代谢工程研究已进入到前所未有的系统代谢工程阶段。组学技术、基因组代谢模型、元件组装、回路设计、动态控制、基因组编辑等合成生物学工具与策略的应用，大大提升了复杂代谢的设计与合成能力；机器学习的介入以及进化工程与代谢工程的结合，为系统代谢工程的未来开辟了新的方向。文中对过去30年代谢工程的发展趋势作了梳理，介绍了代谢工程在发展中不断创... | zh-cn |
pair_34085440 | ¹³C metabolic flux analysis (¹³C-MFA) enables the precise quantification of intracellular metabolic reaction rates by analyzing the distribution of mass isotopomers of proteinogenic amino acids or intracellular metabolites through ¹³C labeling experiments. ¹³C-MFA has received much attention as it can help systematical... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | ¹³C代谢流量分析 (¹³C metabolic flux analysis，¹³C-MFA)，是通过标记实验分析蛋白氨基酸或胞内代谢物同位素标记异构体的分布情况，从而准确定量胞内反应速率。该技术在系统理解细胞代谢特性、指导代谢工程改造和揭示病理生理学等方面起着重要作用，引起研究者的广泛重视。文中重点综述了代谢流分析30年的发展历程，尤其在工业生物技术和生物医药领域的应用，并对未来的发展方向进行展望。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085441 | Genome-scale metabolic network model (GSMM) is becoming an important tool for studying cellular metabolic characteristics, and remarkable advances in relevant theories and methods have been made. Recently, various constraint-based GSMMs that integrated genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and thermodynamic data have bee... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 基因组规模代谢网络模型 (Genome-scale metabolic network model，GSMM) 正成为细胞代谢特性研究的重要工具，经过多年发展相关理论方法取得了诸多进展。近年来，在基础GSMM模型基础上，通过整合基因组、转录组、蛋白组和热力学数据，实现基于各种约束的GSMM构建，在基因靶点识别、系统代谢工程、药物发现、人类疾病机理研究等多个方面取得了进一步的发展和理论突破。文中重点综述包括转录组约束、蛋白组约束、以及热力学约束条件在GSMM中的实施方法、相应方法的不足及应用限制等。最后介绍了如何综合运用转录、蛋白及热力学约束，实现GSMM的全整合模型及其细化，并对基于约束的GSMM构建及应用前景进行了展望。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085442 | The regulation of the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways, termed as metabolic regulation, is vital to construct efficient microbial cell factories. With the continuous breakthroughs in synthetic biology, the mining and artificial design of high-quality regulatory elements have substantially improved our... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 代谢调控是构建微生物细胞工厂的重要技术手段。随着合成生物学技术的不断突破，挖掘和人工设计的高质量调控元件大幅度提升了对细胞代谢网络的改造能力；代谢调控研究也已从单基因的静态调控发展到系统水平上的智能精确动态调控。文中简要综述了近30年来代谢途径表达调控技术在代谢工程领域的研究进展。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085443 | As an important model industrial microorganism, Escherichia coli has been widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical industry and agriculture. In the past 30 years, a variety of new strategies and techniques, including artificial intelligence, gene editing, metabolic pathway assembly, and dynamic regulation have been used... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 大肠杆菌作为一种重要的模式工业微生物，在医药、化工、农业等方面具有广泛的应用。近30年来，多种代谢工程改造的新策略和新技术，被用于设计、构建和优化大肠杆菌化学品细胞工厂，极大地提高了生物法合成化学品的生产速率和产量。文中将从大肠杆菌途径设计、合成途径创建与优化和细胞全局优化三个方面，对大肠杆菌代谢改造起重要推动作用的技术进行综述，并对大肠杆菌代谢工程中关键技术的应用进行了展望。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085444 | Since its birth in the early 1990s, metabolic engineering technology has gone 30 years rapid development. As one of the preferred chassis for metabolic engineering, S. cerevisiae cells have been engineered into microbial cell factories for the production of a variety of bulk chemicals and novel high value-added bioacti... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 自20世纪90年代初期诞生以来，代谢工程历经了30年的快速发展。作为代谢工程的首选底盘细胞之一，酿酒酵母细胞工厂已被广泛应用于大量大宗化学品和新型高附加值生物活性物质的生物制造，在能源、医药和环境等领域取得了巨大的突破。近年来，合成生物学、生物信息学以及机器学习等相关技术也极大地促进了代谢工程的技术发展和应用。文中回顾了近30年来酿酒酵母代谢工程重要的技术发展，首先总结了经典代谢工程的常用方法和策略，以及在此基础上发展而来的系统代谢工程和合成生物学驱动的代谢工程技术。最后结合最新技术发展趋势，展望了未来酿酒酵母代谢工程发展的新方向。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085445 | Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important workhorse of industrial biotechnology, especially for amino acid bioindustry. This bacterium is being used to produce various amino acids at a level of over 6 million tons per year. In recent years, enabling technologies for C. glutamicum metabolic engineering have been develo... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 谷氨酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium glutamicum是重要的工业微生物，尤其是在氨基酸工业中，每年用于 600余万t氨基酸的生物制造。近年来，谷氨酸棒杆菌代谢工程使能技术正在不断完善，不仅加快了细胞工厂的创建和优化，拓展了底物谱和产物谱，也推动了谷氨酸棒杆菌的基础研究，使谷氨酸棒杆菌成为代谢工程的理想底盘细胞。文中综述了近期针对谷氨酸棒杆菌开发的代谢工程使能技术，着重介绍了基于CRISPR的基因组编辑、基因表达调控、适应性进化和生物传感器等技术的开发和应用。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085446 | As a typical food safety industrial model strain, Bacillus subtilis has been widely used in the field of metabolic engineering due to its non-pathogenicity, strong ability of extracellular protein secretion and no obvious codon preference. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology and genetic eng... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 作为一种食品安全级的典型工业模式微生物，枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis由于具有非致病性、胞外分泌蛋白能力强以及无明显的密码子偏爱性等特点，现已被广泛应用于代谢工程领域。近年来，随着分子生物学和基因工程技术等的迅速发展，多种研究策略和工具被用于构建枯草芽孢杆菌底盘细胞进行生物制品的高效合成。文中从启动子工程、基因编辑、基因回路、辅因子工程以及途径酶组装等方面介绍枯草芽孢杆菌在代谢工程领域的研究历程，并总结其在生物制品生产中的相关应用，最后对其未来的研究方向进行展望。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085447 | Filamentous fungi are important industrial microorganisms that play important roles in the production of bio-based products such as organic acids, proteins and secondary metabolites. The development of metabolic engineering and its enabling techniques have greatly promoted the design, construction and application of fi... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 丝状真菌 (Filamentous fungi)作为重要的工业发酵微生物，在有机酸、蛋白质及次级代谢产物等关键生物基产品生产方面发挥着重要作用。自20世纪90 年代代谢工程理念提出以来，尤其是代谢工程使能技术的创新及发展，极大地促进了丝状真菌细胞工厂的构建及其在工业发酵领域的应用。文中将系统介绍近年来丝状真菌代谢工程技术的发展，及其在生物基化学品细胞工厂构建中的应用，最后讨论丝状真菌代谢工程中关键问题并展望其未来发展。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085448 | Over the past 30 years, Yarrowia lipolytica, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Candida, Hansenula and other non-conventional yeasts have attracted wide attention because of their desirable phenotypes, such as rapid growth, capability of utilizing multiple substrates, and stress tolerance. A variety of synthetic biology tools are ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 近30年来解脂耶氏酵母、克鲁维酵母、毕赤酵母、假丝酵母、汉逊酵母等非传统酵母因其具有天然的生理代谢优势，如快速生长、多底物利用、胁迫耐受性等，在代谢工程领域得到了广泛关注，多种基因工程改造工具正逐渐被开发用于非传统酵母的特性拓展，使其成为合成重组蛋白、生物可再生化学物质的高效细胞工厂。文中总结了非传统酵母中基因编辑工具的发展，并从代谢工程改造策略角度概括了利用非传统酵母进行产品合成的研究进展。最后，讨论了非传统酵母在产品生产应用方面遇到的挑战和未来的研究方向。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085449 | Fermentative production of amino acids is one of the pillars of the fermentation industry in China. Recently, with the fast development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology technologies, the metabolic engineering for production of amino acids has been flourishing. Conventional forward metabolic engineering, r... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 氨基酸发酵是我国发酵工业的支柱产业，近年来，随着代谢工程的快速发展，氨基酸的代谢工程育种蓬勃发展。传统的正向代谢工程、基于组学分析与计算机模拟的反向代谢工程以及借鉴自然进化的进化代谢工程，都有越来越多的应用。在氨基酸的工业生产中涌现出了一系列具有高效生产、抗逆性强等优良性状的菌株。日益剧烈的市场竞争对菌株的选育提出了新的要求，如开发高附加值氨基酸品种、菌株代谢的动态调控、适应新工艺的要求等。文中介绍了氨基酸生产相关的代谢工程研究进展以及未来的发展趋势。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085450 | Tetracarbon organic acids are important platform chemicals that are widely used in the food, chemical, medicine, material industries and agriculture. Compared with the traditional petrochemical process, the production of tetracarbon organic acids by microbial fermentation is more promising due to milder reaction condit... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 四碳有机酸作为重要的平台化学品，广泛应用于食品、化工、农业、医药和生物材料等领域。与传统的石化法相比，利用微生物发酵生产四碳有机酸具有反应条件温和、过程绿色环保等优势，具有广泛的应用前景。文中总结了四碳有机酸的生物合成途径和代谢机制，着重讨论了天然菌株生产四碳有机酸以及基于菌种选育和代谢工程改造策略提高四碳有机酸合成能力的研究进展及挑战，为四碳有机酸的高效生物合成提供广阔的参考方向。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085451 | Higher alcohols that contain more than two carbon atoms have better fuel properties than ethanol, making them important supplements and alternatives to fossil fuels. Using microbes to produce higher alcohols from renewable biomass can alleviate the current energy and environmental crises, and has become a major future ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 高级醇是含有两个以上碳原子的醇类，具有比乙醇更优秀的燃料性能，是化石燃料的重要补充与替代品。利用微生物以可再生的生物质为原料进行高级醇的生产可同时缓解当前的能源与环境危机，已成为绿色生物制造的重大发展方向。天然的微生物仅能少量生产个别种类的高级醇，因此，通过代谢工程及合成生物学技术，在模式工业菌株中重构高级醇的合成途径，成为了克服高级醇生产瓶颈的必要手段。该领域自兴起以来已历经数十年发展，取得了多项开创性成果。本文作者有幸亲历了该领域从零到一、直至实现跨越式突破的完整历程。在代谢工程学科创立30周年之际，文中回顾了高级醇异源微生物合成的数个里程碑式工作，从途径创建、途经优化、原料扩展、底盘改造、产业化进程等多方面进行了分析总结。望以... | zh-cn |
pair_34085452 | 14- to 16-membered macrolide antibiotics (MA) are clinically important anti-infective drugs. With the rapid emergence of bacterial resistance, there is an urgent need to develop novel MA to counter drug-resistant bacteria. The targeted optimization of MA can be guided by analyzing the interaction between the MA and its... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 14−16元环的大环内酯类抗生素 (Macrolide antibiotics，MA) 是临床上重要的抗感染药物。随着细菌耐药性的不断增加，迫切需要研发出新型MA来应对耐药菌。通过MA与核糖体靶点的相互作用可以指导MA的定向优化，结合快速发展的代谢工程方法可以高效获得所需的MA衍生物。近30年来，代谢工程在改造MA的生物合成获得新衍生物以及在提高其产量方面显示出巨大优势，这些代谢工程的方法包括改造聚酮合酶 (Polyketide synthase，PKS) 结构域和PKS后修饰酶以及组合生物合成等。另外，文中还对16元环大环内酯类新药可利霉素的研制过程、抗菌活性以及利用代谢工程优化其产生菌进行了详细介绍。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085453 | Vitamins are organic substances that are essential for the maintenance of life activities. Generally, vitamins need to be obtained from the diet or from some synthetic source as the body cannot synthesize vitamins, or the amounts of the synthesized vitamins are insufficient. At present, vitamins are widely used in medi... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 维生素是维持人体生命活动必需的一类有机物质，机体本身一般不能合成或合成量不足，因此需经食物或其他强化产品获取。目前，维生素产品已广泛应用于医药、食品添加剂、饲料添加剂、化妆品等领域，而且全球对维生素的需求也是呈逐年增长态势。维生素的生产方法主要包括化学合成法和生物合成法。化学合成法通常安全隐患大、反应条件严苛、废物污染严重，相比之下，代谢工程生产维生素绿色环保安全、能耗低，因此建立微生物细胞工厂具有重大的科学意义和应用需求。文中回顾了近30年来代谢工程在维生素生产领域的研究进展，详细阐述了水溶性维生素 (维生素B1、B2、B3、B5、B6、B7、B9、B12和维生素C的前体) 和脂溶性维生素 (维生素A、维生素D的前体、维生素E和维... | zh-cn |
pair_34085455 | Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a family of biodegradable polyesters synthesized by microorganisms. It has various monomer structures and physical properties with broad application prospects. However, its large-scale production is still hindered by the high cost. In the past 30 years, metabolic engineering approach has b... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 聚羟基脂肪酸酯 (Polyhydroxyalkanoate，PHA) 是微生物合成的可降解高分子材料，种类及性能多样，应用前景广阔，然而其大规模生产受制于它较为高昂的生产成本。30年来，代谢工程的应用日益广泛，通过代谢流调控、代谢通路改造引入新通路等方法，微生物合成PHA的效率得到了很大提高，也丰富了PHA的单体种类、结构多样性和底物多样性；同时通过改变细胞形态和PHA颗粒大小等方法实现了更加高效的下游生产处理，降低了PHA生产成本。近年来，基于极端微生物，尤其是嗜盐菌的“下一代工业生物技术” (Next generation industrial biotechnology，NGIB) 发展迅速。NGIB实现了PHA生产过程的开放... | zh-cn |
pair_34085468 | Master DOU Han-qing is one famous acupuncturist in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties of China. In consideration of his newly neatened works <i>DOU Taishi Zhenjing</i> (<i>Master DOU's Canon of Acupuncture</i>,《》), <i>Zhenjiu Jicheng</i> (<i>Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion</i>,《》) and <i>Panshijin Zhici Michuan</i> (... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 由于《窦太师针经》《针灸集成》《盘石金直刺秘传》三书的重见于世, 故对窦汉卿学术成就进行更加系统全面的归纳总结。窦氏学术成就主要有六大方面：融汇先贤之要, 厘正前人之误；刺法创新；穴法创新；继承发展宋代针方, 创立针灸诊疗模式；启发明代诸家针法；以“赋”载道。最后, 立足于现代, 对窦汉卿学术成就的启示意义进行了总结。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085470 | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a kind of chronic mental disorder after severe traumatic events. In this paper, the author reviewed the development of clinical and mechanism research of acupuncture and moxibustion for treating PTSD in the past 5 years. Clinical studies have shown that acupuncture could allevia... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 对近5年来国内外针灸治疗PTSD的临床和机制研究进行综述。临床研究显示, 针灸可有效减轻PTSD相关症状, 是治疗PTSD的有效手段。实验研究显示, 针灸治疗PTSD的作用机制可能涉及调节神经环路、神经递质与受体表达、信号传导通路、细胞凋亡、免疫细胞因子和内源性大麻素等方面。这可以为针灸治疗PTSD的临床应用提供科学依据, 为今后深入开展相关研究提供参考。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085480 | Based on the modern anatomy and physiology, the referred pain of myofascial trigger points of each muscle is integrated; compared with the twelve meridians as well as conception vessel and governor vessel, the similarity of their position and running course is observed. With the current research progress of myofascial ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 在现代解剖生理学基础上，将各个肌肉的肌筋膜触发点牵涉痛区域进行整合，对比传统经络的十二经脉和任督二脉，观察二者位置和走行的相似性；并通过目前肌筋膜触发点和筋膜学的研究进展，在触发点牵涉痛路径的基础上，结合筋膜力学、神经和血管思路深入理解穴位的定位和经络，以及穴位和经络的关系。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085481 | The characteristics of moxibustion of the representative successors of each acupuncture and moxibustion school were analyzed, and the application and inheritance of moxibustion in <i>Bagui</i> acupuncture and moxibustion school, <i>Chengjiang</i> acupuncture and moxibustion school, <i>Lu</i> 's acupuncture and moxibust... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 梳理各针灸流派代表性传承人的灸法特色，总结灸法在近现代代表性针灸学派八桂针灸流派、澄江学派、陆氏针灸学派、金针梅花派的应用与传承。八桂针灸流派革新灸疗形式与施灸方法，拓展灸法适应证；澄江学派量化推广直接灸疗法，强调保健灸的应用；陆氏针灸学派丰富隔物灸经验及灸法基础研究，提出伏灸疗法；金针梅花派提出“热证贵灸”和“内脏施灸法”，以灸法治疗疑难病症，革新灸具。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085485 | The concepts of acupuncture-moxibustion 'academic school' 'school of thought' and 'school' are differentiated. It is believed that 'academic school' is the general term of 'school of thought' and 'school'. This paper puts forward a solution to the confusion of related concepts, disunity of formation conditions, disunit... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 对针灸学术流派、学派、流派的概念进行辨析，认为学术流派为“学派”与“流派”的泛称。对针灸学术流派相关概念混淆、形成条件不统一、划分方法不统一、命名不统一的问题提出解决方案，认为应把更多精力放于针灸学派的整理、规范其相关问题；而针灸流派由于其从形式到内容的复杂性及多样性，划分不宜太过精细，对于相关问题的统一亦可不做严格要求。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085488 | Borrowing the open system interconnection (OSI) model of internet protocol and the 5W theory in communication studies, the links in the international communication of acupuncture-moxibustion can be classified into seven layers: physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 借鉴网络技术协议的开放系统互联（OSI）架构和传播学5W理论，可将针灸国际传播中的环节分类归为七层：物理层、数据链路层、网络层、传输层、会话层、表示层及应用层，建立起针灸国际传播体系的OSI架构，指出现有针灸国际传播体系类似于互联网技术中的用户数据报协议（UDP）。循证医学是基于针灸疗效并推动针灸理论现代化的关键所在，以“比类取象”的方法，发现其PICO模式与互联网传输控制协议（TCP）的“三次握手”机制非常契合，有望由此建立与西医兼容的针灸国际话语体系，从而有利于发掘针灸理论的科学内涵，并提升针灸的国际地位。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085489 | On the base of the principle of penetrating moxibustion and in combination with free adjustment devices such as movable U-shaped moxa stick holder and movable clamp, a new type of moxibustion box exerted on the head is designed, with precise positioning and sufficient heat intensity. <i>Baihui</i> moxibustion box is co... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 根据透灸原理，结合可移动U型艾条架和可移动固定夹等自由调节装置，设计一种精准定位、火力充足的新型头部灸箱。百会灸箱由箱体和枕垫两部分构成，两者成一体结构，箱体外活动门上均匀分布有多个竖向的条形通孔，条形通孔内侧U型艾条架和外侧固定夹连接在一起，可以上下前后移动，调节高度，具有准确定位、节能控温、节省人力的特点。. | zh-cn |
pair_34085490 | Based on the data mining technology, the rules of acupoint selection and prescription were analyzed for impotence treated with acupuncture and moxibustion in ancient recorded in <i>Zhonghua Yidian</i>. By taking '<i>yangwei</i>' and '<i>yinwei</i>' as the searching terms, the database of <i>Zhonghua Yidian</i> (the 5th... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 基于数据挖掘技术，分析《中华医典》中古代针灸治疗阳痿的选穴组方规律。以阳痿、阴痿等检索词检索《中华医典》第5版数据库并筛选和提取阳痿的处方条文、穴位及频次等相关信息，使用Microsoft Excel、Weka3.8.4等软件分析古代针灸治疗阳痿的选穴及组方规律。共筛选出符合要求的55条穴位处方条文，其中复方17个，余为单穴方，共涉及24个腧穴。治疗阳痿使用频次排前5位的腧穴为阴谷、曲泉、气冲、太冲、然谷；聚类分析发现阴谷、曲泉-气冲、太冲-然谷-行间、命门-中封-鱼际-阳谷各趋于一组；多层关联分析发现较常使用的经脉为足厥阴肝经、足少阴肾经、足阳明胃经、任脉，较常使用的部位为下肢部、腹部及上肢部，特定穴以五输穴、交会穴使用较多；复方... | zh-cn |
pair_34085492 | The potential effect mechanism of acupuncture for perimenopausal syndrome is analyzed and summarized from five aspects, i.e. the influence on reproductive endocrine system, the regulation on nervous system, the improvement of immune function, the intervention on free radical metabolism and the regulation of adverse emo... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 从针刺对生殖内分泌系统的影响、对神经系统的调节、对免疫功能的改善、对自由基代谢的干预、对不良情绪的调节5个方面，分析总结针刺治疗围绝经期综合征的可能作用机制。认为应根据针刺疗法自身特点，从腧穴特异性及腧穴配伍影响两方面加深对针刺治疗围绝经期综合征的机制研究。临床治疗上，应加强对治疗方式及频次的研究。. | zh-cn |
pair_30039592 | Knowing how much biodiversity is captured by protected areas (PAs) is important to meeting country commitments to international conservation agreements, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, and analyzing gaps in species coverage by PAs contributes greatly to improved locating of new PAs and conservation of s... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 了解保护地包含了多少生物多样性, 对国家履行其对全球保护协议 (如《生物多样性公约》) 的承诺十分重要, 分析保护地覆盖物种的空缺还有助于新保护地更好的选址及相应物种的保护。目前全球空缺分析的研究只关注了少数几个类群, 不论它们重要与否, 如红树林、珊瑚、两栖类、鸟类和哺乳类。我们首次对高度濒危的仙人掌科这整个植物类群进行了全球空缺分析。利用 1438 种仙人掌的地理分布数据, 我们评估了目前的保护地网络对它们的覆盖情况。我们还根据仙人掌的保护状况, 系统地确定了那些达到与未达到这些物种保护目标的优先保护区域。有 261 个种不在任何保护地中 (空缺种) 。保护不足的仙人掌物种比例 (18%) 高于哺乳类 (9.7%) 和鸟类 (5... | zh-cn |
pair_30039592 | Knowing how much biodiversity is captured by protected areas (PAs) is important to meeting country commitments to international conservation agreements, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, and analyzing gaps in species coverage by PAs contributes greatly to improved locating of new PAs and conservation of s... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Análisis del Vacío Mundial de Especies de Cactáceas y Sitios Prioritarios para su Conservación Resumen El conocimiento sobre cuánta biodiversidad es captada por las áreas protegidas (AP) es importante para cumplir los compromisos de cada país con los acuerdos internacionales sobre conservación, como la Convención sobre... | es |
pair_30039644 | The secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests in northeastern China were generally regenerated from the disturbed broad-leaved Korean pine forests, which are widely distributed in Changbai Mountains area. To understand their composition, structure and stability, a 5.76 hm<sup>2</sup>(240 m × 240 m) forest plot was estab... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 东北地区的次生落叶阔叶林一般是由阔叶红松林干扰后形成的,这一群落类型在长白山林区具有广泛的分布.为了解东北次生落叶阔叶林的组成、结构与稳定程度,按照CTFS样地建设标准,于2005年在吉林磨盘山建立了一块5.76 hm<sup>2</sup> (240 m×240 m)的长期监测样地.本研究以样地内所有胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的木本植物为对象,分析了物种组成、径级结构、主要树种的存活曲线及群落稳定性.结果表明: DBH≥1 cm的木本植物共有39种13368株,隶属于19科31属.重要值≥1的物种有12种,群落树种组成复杂,表现出明显的阔叶混交杂木林特征.种间多度相差较大,稀有种和偶见种的比例分别为23.1%和43.6%.样地内所有... | zh-cn |
pair_30039645 | Climate change will increase the frequency of fire disturbances, which may further exa-cerbate carbon loss from boreal forests in the Great Xing'an Mountains, China. In this study, we coupled forest ecosystem and forest landscape models to simulate the dynamics of boreal forest carbon storage in the next 100 years. We ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 大兴安岭林区林火发生的频率受气候变化的影响将会增加,可能会增加该地区森林生态系统碳损失.本研究通过耦合森林生态系统模型和森林景观模型以模拟未来百年大兴安岭森林碳储量动态变化,量化气候变化、林火和采伐对森林碳储量的影响.结果表明: 虽然采伐和林火会抵消相当一部分由气候变化增加的碳储量,但气候变化仍然能够增加大兴安岭森林碳储量.未来100年该地区森林地上和土壤有机碳储量将会分别增加9%～22%和6%～9%.短期(0～20年)气候变化对大兴安岭森林碳储量的影响大于同期林火的影响,中期(30～50年)和长期(60～100年)气候变化对森林碳储量的影响小于林火和采伐的影响.由于未来大兴安岭地区气候变化及其林火干扰存在不确定性,导致未来该地区森... | zh-cn |
pair_30039646 | Phoebe chekiangensis, as one original species of 'Nanmu with golden tint', harbors limited natural distribution regions, which is recognized as a vulnerable species in China under nationwide protection. Under the background of global climate change, it is of scientific significance to study the community structure and ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 浙江楠为商品材“金丝楠木”的原植物之一,天然分布区窄,属国家二级保护渐危种,在全球气候变化背景下,研究其天然种群所在森林群落的结构特征及其多样性具有重要意义.本研究以浙江楠天然分布区内13个典型种群为对象,研究其所在群落的群落结构特征、物种多样性和叶片表型变异特征.结果表明: 浙江楠天然种群所在群落的结构复杂,物种多样性较高,13个群落的16块样地内共有维管束植物87科162属235种,其中种子植物79科151属221种;重度干扰导致浙江开化、浙江临安等群落的乔木层物种多样性指数显著低于其他群落,而中度干扰提高了福建建宁群落灌木层物种多样性,轻度干扰则利于浙江楠种群自然更新.叶片表型作为楠木属植物重要的分类依据,叶片表型性状在种群间... | zh-cn |
pair_30039647 | Three monitoring plots were established in the Yangming Mountains mossy dwarf forest concentration zone in the Yangmingshan National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province in 2005. The changes of species composition and diversity during 2005-2016 were analyzed from species numerical characteristics, species importance value,... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 于2005年在湖南省阳明山国家级自然保护区的阳明山山顶苔藓矮林聚集区建立了3块样地,从物种数量特征、物种重要值、径级结构、高度结构和物种多样性等方面分析了2005—2016年苔藓矮林物种组成和多样性的变化.结果表明: 从2005年到2016年,样地内乔木层植物基径(DGH)≥1.0 cm的个体数量减少了30.9%,其中减少率最大的物种为荚蒾,达到98.6%,减少率最小的物种是云锦杜鹃,为1.8%.样地内的物种数有所上升,但均匀度下降.除云锦杜鹃重要值增加外,其余各物种的重要值在10年后均大幅下降,云锦杜鹃为山顶苔藓矮林的优势种.矮林内物种的径级分布以1 cm 等级排列,整个矮林的物种表现为小径木(1 cm≤DGH＜6 cm)个体数量... | zh-cn |
pair_30039649 | The canopy structures and light conditions and the population characteristics of Fargesia decurvata, a dominant understory species, were investigated in three typical communities, i.e., deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest. The results showed th... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 选择金佛山国家自然保护区内落叶阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林3种典型群落类型,研究冠层结构和光环境特征,以及林下优势种——紫耳箭竹的种群特征.结果表明: 随着落叶阔叶林→常绿落叶阔叶混交林→常绿阔叶林的演替,Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou指数呈增加趋势,表明群落趋于稳定发展的状态;冠层结构特征也发生了显著改变,冠层开度和平均叶倾角减小,叶面积指数增加,冠层的消光能力增强,林下光照水平降低.上层林冠是造成林型郁闭的主要原因,其中冠层厚度和冠层面积是2个主要的影响因素.冠层结构与林下光照指标显著相关,对林下散射光的影响最大.冠层开度、林下光照条件均随着生长季的到来而下降,而叶面积指数呈现增长的趋... | zh-cn |
pair_30039650 | Selecting the optimal sample size accurately is important for improving the measurement precision of soil physicochemical properties. In this study, we examined the within-site heterogeneity of soil physical and chemical properties in an evergreen broad-leaved forest and a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantati... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 准确获取最佳取样量有助于提高土壤理化性质的测量精度.采用经典统计学方法,研究了亚热带常绿阔叶林和杉木人工林2个林型土壤理化性质的异质性,运用传统法和自助法研究在90%精度下评估土壤养分含量的最佳取样量.结果表明: 2个林型中土壤pH值和C/N表现为弱变异,其他养分指标均为中等程度变异;常绿阔叶林土壤全C、全N等全量土壤指标的变异系数显著大于杉木人工林,而速效指标差异不显著;2个林型中所有土壤指标的评估误差均随取样量的增加呈现出先急剧曲线下降后稳定的趋势,均值也由剧烈波动转向平稳,并且过多的取样并不能有效提高均值测定精度;常绿阔叶林土壤含水率、全C、全N、NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N、全K、全Ca、全Mg的... | zh-cn |
pair_30039654 | A detritus-removal experiment was conducted in a temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in 2007 at the Maoershan Ecological Station in Northeast China, including two treatments: Litterfall removal (NL), root removal (NR). Soil water content, bulk density and the concentrations of soil C, N and P were measured in 2016.... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 2007年在帽儿山温带落叶阔叶林中设置了地上凋落物去除(NL)、根系去除(NR)2个处理,9年后(2016年)测定土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)浓度,以及土壤含水率和容重.结果表明: NL和NR处理表层(0～10 cm)土壤C浓度分别降低15.6%和10.7%,0～30 cm土层加权平均C浓度分别降低7.9%和4.6%;NL处理表层土壤N浓度降低10.2%,而NR处理表层土壤P浓度增加6.6%,两种处理均降低了表层土壤的C:P和N:P.标准主轴回归分析表明,不同处理间0～30 cm各土层C、N、P浓度的回归斜率均差异显著,土壤C浓度与土壤含水率、容重的回归截距也差异显著,这表明处理使土壤C、N、P化学计量与土壤物理性质发生了协同变... | zh-cn |
pair_30039655 | Non-growing season soil greenhouse gas emission may play an important role in the forest ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycle. However, it is not clear about the effects of the cutting distur-bance on soil greenhouse gas emissions during non-growing season. The CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes an... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 非生长季土壤温室气体排放在碳氮循环中具有重要作用,而采伐干扰对非生长季森林土壤温室气体排放具有何种影响并不明确.采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,同步观测温带帽儿山50年生红松人工林在不同透光抚育方式下(次生林冠下栽植红松10年时设立为对照;半透光抚育: 伐除上层林木50%;全透光抚育: 伐除上层林木100%)非生长季土壤3种温室气体(CO<sub>2</sub>、CH<sub>4</sub>和N<sub>2</sub>O)排放通量及其相关环境因子(土壤温度、含水量及碳氮含量等),研究采伐干扰对非生长季森林土壤温室气体排放的影响及主控因子.结果表明: 透光抚育会降低非生长季土壤CO<sub>2</sub>、CH<sub>4</sub>和N<... | zh-cn |
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