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95d6294332f866744ea42e5e6f65cc4c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/An-Enquiry-into-the-Present-State-of-Polite-Learning-in-Europe | An Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe | An Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe
His rise began with the Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe (1759), a minor work. Soon he emerged as an essayist, in The Bee and other periodicals, and above all in his Chinese Letters. These essays were first published in the journa... |
d049c1e105408029393b1b353ea4e69e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/An-Essay-on-the-Application-of-Mathematical-Analysis-to-the-Theories-of-Electricity-and-Magnetism | An Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theories of Electricity and Magnetism | An Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theories of Electricity and Magnetism
In his Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theory of Electricity and Magnetism (1828), Green generalized and extended the electric and magnetic investigations of the French mathematician Siméon-Denis P... |
62134427642c73bb87241f569cbf5333 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/An-Essay-on-Woman | An Essay on Woman | An Essay on Woman
…the proof sheets of “Essay on Woman,” an obscene parody on Alexander Pope’s “Essay on Man,” which had been written by Wilkes and Thomas Potter years before. Wilkes had commenced, but not completed, printing 12 copies, probably for the “Monks.” At the start of the parliamentary session in November…
…o... |
6998c01d574a4e82d45648b53e279ed9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/An-Experiment-in-Education | An Experiment in Education | An Experiment in Education
…of his Madras system in An Experiment in Education (1797), but his ideas had little popularity in England until they were adapted by Joseph Lancaster in a school opened at Southwark in 1801 and by Robert Owen in New Lanark, Scotland. (See monitorial system.) Meanwhile, Bell was made rector o... |
cf50cecba7460102f362811fd487b78a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/An-Experiment-in-Love | An Experiment in Love | An Experiment in Love
…for the clear-eyed coming-of-age novel An Experiment in Love (1995). Three years later she returned to historical fiction with The Giant, O’Brien, which imaginatively explores and contrasts the lives of two real 18th-century figures—a freakishly tall sideshow performer steeped in the Irish oral t... |
27d601b8587cea622f7383145369bc58 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/An-Explanation-of-the-Effect-of-Lime-upon-Alkaline-Salts | An Explanation of the Effect of Lime upon Alkaline Salts | An Explanation of the Effect of Lime upon Alkaline Salts
…concerning an industrial process, “An Explanation of the Effect of Lime upon Alkaline Salts,” which was published in Home’s Experiments on Bleaching (1771). Another approach to the bleaching problem was to look for a cheaper way of making potash. Cullen turned h... |
9355f4a6e7e6ac3d07c3b53a167b27a7 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/An-Introduction-to-Social-Psychology | An Introduction to Social Psychology | An Introduction to Social Psychology
…physiological psychology and author of An Introduction to Social Psychology (1908; 30th ed. 1960), which did much to stimulate widespread study of the basis of social behaviour.
…the publication of McDougall’s book An Introduction to Social Psychology (1908), his purposive psycholo... |
ce3bbfdc794dd263ba016761abdeb31a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/An-Introduction-to-the-Theory-of-Mental-and-Social-Measurements | An Introduction to the Theory of Mental and Social Measurements | An Introduction to the Theory of Mental and Social Measurements
…research, chiefly through his handbook, An Introduction to the Theory of Mental and Social Measurements (1904). Other important works in the early part of his career were The Principles of Teaching Based on Psychology (1906), Education: A First Book (1912... |
8b4ea95b4120500f136466e79761f05a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/An-Island-in-the-Moon | An Island in the Moon | An Island in the Moon
…is visible in the satirical An Island in the Moon (written c. 1784–85); he then took the bolder step of setting aside sophistication in the visionary Songs of Innocence (1789). His desire for renewal encouraged him to view the outbreak of the French Revolution as a momentous event. In works…
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828565509d40f70d50d6d6bb6c6c76cc | https://www.britannica.com/topic/An-Ordinary-Life | An Ordinary Life | An Ordinary Life
…judgments; and Obyčejný život (1934; An Ordinary Life) explores the complex layers of personality underlying the “self” an “ordinary” man thinks himself to be.
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1e73d9cf1f391c6acaad7617b8e13cca | https://www.britannica.com/topic/An-Unsuitable-Job-for-a-Woman | An Unsuitable Job for a Woman | An Unsuitable Job for a Woman
James also wrote An Unsuitable Job for a Woman (1972) and The Skull Beneath the Skin (1982), which centre on Cordelia Gray, a young private detective. The first of these novels was the basis for both a television movie and a short-lived series. James expanded beyond the mystery…
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80f5475015b6e4bd65603832bf19afaf | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anahiti | Anāhiti | Anāhiti
Anāhiti, also called Anāhitā, ancient Iranian goddess of royalty, war, and fertility; she is particularly associated with the last. Possibly of Mesopotamian origin, her cult was made prominent by Artaxerxes II, and statues and temples were set up in her honour throughout the Persian empire. A common cult of th... |
75da127982df2f92b1e77658fea025d2 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anales-de-la-corona-de-Aragon | Anales de la corona de Aragón | Anales de la corona de Aragón
…in his major work, the Anales de la corona de Aragón (1562–80). Covering the period from the Moorish invasions (8th century) until the death of King Ferdinand II (1516), this was the first national history of Aragon, and it remains a useful source for Spanish history.
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3e42b174d1047971eca43e5b2d535d47 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/analog-information | Analog information | Analog information
…called analog-form information, or simply analog information. Until the development of the digital computer, cognitive information was stored and processed only in analog form, basically through the technologies of printing, photography, and telephony.
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0db14ffb9b5e16e3d5a3172b9d538938 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/analytic-philosophy | Analytic philosophy | Analytic philosophy
Analytic philosophy, also called linguistic philosophy, a loosely related set of approaches to philosophical problems, dominant in Anglo-American philosophy from the early 20th century, that emphasizes the study of language and the logical analysis of concepts. Although most work in analytic philos... |
9fcc299f6aef300ad1121462bb322d5c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/analytical-Marxism | Analytical Marxism | Analytical Marxism
Analytical Marxism, a movement within Marxist theory and in various branches of social science and philosophy that seeks to investigate and develop the substantive theses of standard Marxism using the techniques of conceptual analysis associated with analytic philosophy and the methods of standard n... |
523bba05922059f2d62b4ff5f858796a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anarchy-Is-What-States-Make-of-It-The-Social-Construction-of-Power-Politics | Anarchy Is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics | Anarchy Is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics
…publication of Wendt’s essay “Anarchy Is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics” (1992) established him as the leading thinker of constructivism in international relations. Broadly defined, constructivism is a theor... |
573c75e2822a28cf03925dadd54c73c0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/ancient-Iranian-religion/Cosmography | Cosmography | Cosmography
The Iranians conceived of the cosmos as a three-tiered structure consisting of the earth below, the atmosphere, and the stone vault of heaven above. Beyond the vault of heaven was the realm of the Endless Lights, and below the earth was the realm of darkness and chaos. The earth itself rested on the cosmic ... |
d5814e323fc61cfe8a42935b89c65644 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ancrene-Wisse | Ancrene Wisse | Ancrene Wisse
Ancrene Wisse, (Middle English: “Guide for Anchoresses”) also called Ancrene Riwle (“Rule for Anchoresses”), anonymous work written in the early 13th century for the guidance of women recluses outside the regular orders. It may have been intended specifically for a group of women sequestered near Limebr... |
143fa4ef247e50d496b70818707026e4 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/And-Everything-Is-Going-Fine | And Everything Is Going Fine | And Everything Is Going Fine
He then directed And Everything Is Going Fine (2010), a documentary about the life of Spalding Gray, and the big-budget ensemble thriller Contagion (2011), which portrayed the rapid spread of a deadly airborne virus. The adrenaline-fueled spy film Haywire (2011) focused on a female covert-o... |
2c9f00d7980a5405361f1b9819b8f4bd | https://www.britannica.com/topic/androcentrism | Androcentrism | Androcentrism
…ecofeminists, for example, claim that androcentrism (male-centredness), rather than anthropocentrism, is the true cause of the degradation of nature. They maintain that androcentrism as seen in traditional power-wielding patriarchal society is responsible for the striving to dominate nature. Just as male... |
f6402d2276d21cc873a5e53b18b44d27 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Andromache-Mourning-Hector | Andromache Mourning Hector | Andromache Mourning Hector
…pathos and painterly skill of Andromache Mourning Hector brought him election to the Académie Royale in 1784; and that same year, accompanied this time by his wife and studio assistants, he returned to Rome with a commission to complete a painting that appears to have been originally inspire... |
b5d5c9ee1cf5975bb43db06c8d34a6d0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Andromache-play-by-Euripides | Andromache | Andromache
Andromache, drama by Euripides, performed about 426 bce. Set in the aftermath of the Trojan War, the play has an exciting beginning marked by strong anti-Spartan feeling. Most of the original characters disappear, however, and interest is soon dissipated.
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ff67d3b6e449ffe105a597687b59181e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Andromaque-et-Pyrrhus | Andromaque et Pyrrhus | Andromaque et Pyrrhus
>Andromaque et Pyrrhus (1810) are melodramatic, highly calculated pieces. His best painting, the only one to show feeling for colour and atmosphere, is Enée racontant à Didon les malheurs de la ville de Troie (1817). He was director of the Académie de France in Rome…
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b9a5f66e2f4f7f60e2a28e0d0f124c1d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Andronicus-or-the-Unfortunate-Politician | Andronicus, or the Unfortunate Politician | Andronicus, or the Unfortunate Politician
…London in 1646 and wrote Andronicus, or the Unfortunate Politician (1646), a satire against Oliver Cromwell. In 1649 he was given the parish of Waltham Abbey, Essex, where he became a friend of the other leading biographer of the age, Izaak Walton.
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b52fdc8306cf768e38d1568a989e784e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Andy-Hardy-Gets-Spring-Fever | Andy Hardy Gets Spring Fever | Andy Hardy Gets Spring Fever
Van Dyke was then assigned Andy Hardy Gets Spring Fever (1939), which was not a very prestigious project for a director of his stature. However, his films of the previous year or two had been uneven, and that might have been an attempt to get him back on track. Whatever…
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861f59757bd35e185be871262ef7ce6b | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ang | Ang | Ang
Ang, in the Khmer language, a person of royal blood, usually translated “prince” or “princess.” For articles on such persons, see the personal name; e.g., for Ang Duong, see Duong.
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577c611e4c46763cbf7a64849235b321 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Angel-Face | Angel Face | Angel Face
…period included the underrated thriller Angel Face (1953), with Jean Simmons as a murderous psychotic and Robert Mitchum as a chauffeur she pursues. Preminger then acquired the rights to F. Hugh Herbert’s stage success The Moon Is Blue. The 1953 romantic comedy centres on a womanizing architect (William Hol... |
284e1718eda6a302f843ee9004583544 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/angel-religion | Angel and demon | Angel and demon
Angel and demon, demon also spelled daemon, respectively, any benevolent or malevolent spiritual being that mediates between the transcendent and temporal realms.
Throughout the history of religions, varying kinds and degrees of beliefs have existed in various spiritual beings, powers, and principles t... |
551a793a6f5aff259e3f3ede6fea6e55 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Angelica-fictional-character | Angelica | Angelica
Angelica, fictional character who is beloved by Orlando (Roland) in two epic Italian poems, Matteo Maria Boiardo’s Orlando innamorato (1483; Roland in Love) and Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando furioso (1516; Mad Roland).
Angelica, daughter of the king of Cathay, is a beautiful young woman with whom many men, inclu... |
8041c301eddb39fdb851529b09438a16 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Angels-and-Demons-novel-by-Brown | Angels & Demons | Angels & Demons
In his next novel, Angels & Demons (2000), Brown introduced Robert Langdon, a Harvard professor of symbology. The fast-paced thriller follows Langdon’s attempts to protect the Vatican from the Illuminati, a secret society formed during the Renaissance that opposed the Roman Catholic Church. Although the... |
33bfd7037d729e1e9b331806847ce622 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Angels-with-Dirty-Faces | Angels with Dirty Faces | Angels with Dirty Faces
Angels with Dirty Faces, American gangster film, released in 1938, that is considered a classic of the genre, influencing countless subsequent movies.
The story centres on boyhood friends Rocky Sullivan (played by James Cagney) and Jerry Connolly (Pat O’Brien), who take radically different path... |
b9c9f496eb9803fe80b1b03d7f26bfc8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anger-Management | Anger Management | Anger Management
Deeds (2002) and Anger Management (2003), Sandler made forays into drama with Punch-Drunk Love (2002) and Spanglish (2004). The latter performances won him critical accolades. He reunited with Barrymore in the romantic farce 50 First Dates (2004). In 2007 he appeared in Reign over Me, a dark comedy…
…t... |
021574a53916e576d98f4e1f8aadabb8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Angiosperm-Phylogeny-Group-III | Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III | Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III
…update in 2009 known as APG III, and into another revision in 2016 known as APG IV. The synopsis of flowering-plant classification presented here follows the APG IV system. It is important to recognize that modifications to the APG IV system continue as new data become available.
…euaste... |
a50f803a9e5a2797ae463d9f95d1ad31 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Angkasawan | Angkasawan | Angkasawan
…enter the Malaysian spaceflight program, Angkasawan. Angkasawan was the product of a Malaysian-Russian agreement in which Malaysia purchased 18 Russian fighter jets and Russia arranged to train and fly a Malaysian cosmonaut on a mission to the International Space Station (ISS).
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b25c1dc9a8018ba174f7d688c4223f97 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anglican-religious-community | Anglican religious community | Anglican religious community
Anglican religious community, any of various religious communities for men and for women that first began developing within the Anglican Communion in the 19th century. Although monastic communities were numerous in the pre-Reformation English Church, they were suppressed in the 16th centur... |
2034af2a94ca0dc0c4efb686e89194d8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anglo-American-Chain-of-Command-in-Western-Europe-June-1944-1673115 | Anglo-American Chain of Command in Western Europe, June 1944 | Anglo-American Chain of Command in Western Europe, June 1944
When U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met at the Arcadia Conference (December 1941–January 1942), they began a period of wartime cooperation that, for all the very serious differences that divided the two count... |
4e0176819ea1e0b0a3a4d4410c489f13 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anglo-Saxon | Anglo-Saxon | Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon, term used historically to describe any member of the Germanic peoples who, from the 5th century ce to the time of the Norman Conquest (1066), inhabited and ruled territories that are today part of England and Wales.
According to St. Bede the Venerable, the Anglo-Saxons were the descendants of ... |
12286215b0eafcb943cf50cc58bb8699 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Angry-Young-Men | Angry Young Men | Angry Young Men
Angry Young Men, various British novelists and playwrights who emerged in the 1950s and expressed scorn and disaffection with the established sociopolitical order of their country. Their impatience and resentment were especially aroused by what they perceived as the hypocrisy and mediocrity of the uppe... |
146efc0f4fea614eb788628def1c20bb | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Animal-Dreams | Animal Dreams | Animal Dreams
In Animal Dreams (1990) a disconnected woman finds purpose and moral challenges when she returns to live in her small Arizona hometown. Pigs in Heaven (1993), a sequel to her first novel, deals with the protagonist’s attempts to defend her adoption of her Native American daughter.…
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6dd82a8b538f05fda5ee8569b48e00c3 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Animal-Enterprise-Protection-Act | Animal Enterprise Protection Act | Animal Enterprise Protection Act
…passage in 1992 of the Animal Enterprise Protection Act (AEPA). The act defined a new legal category of “animal enterprise terrorism” as the intentional “physical disruption” of an animal enterprise (e.g., a factory farm, a slaughterhouse, an animal experimentation laboratory, or a rod... |
28ebda6178e3bad7bc7b7ae2b9969d3d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Animal-Enterprise-Terrorism-Act | Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act | Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act
In 2005 the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act (AETA) expanded the definition of animal enterprise terrorism to include “interfering with” the operations of an animal enterprise, extended protection to third-party enterprises having a relationship to or transactions with an animal enterpris... |
5f538ca7649b7ea7ffa4706d4c1776f0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/animal-social-behaviour | Animal social behaviour | Animal social behaviour
Animal social behaviour, the suite of interactions that occur between two or more individual animals, usually of the same species, when they form simple aggregations, cooperate in sexual or parental behaviour, engage in disputes over territory and access to mates, or simply communicate across s... |
a53b7f0d69daaceaa060f24f5c8afdac | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anna-Karenina-fictional-character | Anna Karenina | Anna Karenina
Anna Karenina, fictional character, the tragic heroine of Anna Karenina (1875–77) by Leo Tolstoy. The character has been notably portrayed by Greta Garbo (1935; she also starred in a 1927 adaptation, Love) and by Vivien Leigh (1948).
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822d110ecc2df22ca922b41439ecf585 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anna-Karenina-novel | Anna Karenina | Anna Karenina
Anna Karenina, novel by Leo Tolstoy, published in installments between 1875 and 1877 and considered one of the pinnacles of world literature.
The narrative centres on the adulterous affair between Anna, wife of Aleksey Karenin, and Count Vronsky, a young bachelor. Karenin’s discovery of the liaison arous... |
36c0ee5490612f9bd47269bd7f4818d6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anna-Livia-Plurabelle | Anna Livia Plurabelle | Anna Livia Plurabelle
Anna Livia Plurabelle, fictional character in James Joyce’s novel Finnegans Wake (1939) who symbolizes the eternal and universal female.
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3d6bad285245024139bed3fc7e73ea1a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Annie-John | Annie John | Annie John
Annie John (1984) and Lucy (1990) were novels but were autobiographical in nature, as were most of Kincaid’s subsequent works, with an emphasis on mother-daughter relationships. A Small Place (1988), a three-part essay, continued her depiction of Antigua and her rage at its despoliation. Kincaid’s…
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53ae5c291c3b352a297da970ab58a306 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Annou-Prince-and-Peasant | Annou: Prince and Peasant | Annou: Prince and Peasant
…of the first Hebrew novel, Ahavat Ziyyon (1853; Annou: Prince and Peasant), an idyllic historical romance set in the days of the prophet Isaiah. Couched in florid biblical language, it artfully depicts pastoral life in ancient Israel; the book attained immediate popularity and was later trans... |
2fc721517b1e752155ef125fdfbc6dba | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anomoean | Anomoean | Anomoean
Anomoean, (from Greek anomoios, “unlike”), any member of a religious group of the 4th century that represented an extreme form of Arianism (q.v.), a Christian heresy that held that the essential difference between God and Christ was that God had always existed, while Christ was created by God. Aëtius, the fo... |
464e227b4d4ee3e9dc8327fa1471a950 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/anonymity | Anonymity | Anonymity
First, anonymity prevents people from being isolated or identified, which leads to a feeling of being untouchable and to a loss of a sense of personal responsibility. Le Bon further argued that such loss of control leads to contagion, in which a lack of responsibility spreads…
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7fb9a8c6bafcaaf7f92b2b320b3c8a27 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anonymous-film-by-Emmerich | Anonymous | Anonymous
In Anonymous (2011), which advanced the theory that the plays attributed to Shakespeare were written by Edward de Vere, 17th earl of Oxford, Redgrave portrayed Elizabeth I. She then appeared as the strong-willed Volumnia in a 2011 film adaptation of Shakespeare’s Coriolanus and played a cancer…
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8cf14f3e42368f908381d37689322137 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Another-America-Otra-America | Another America (Otra America) | Another America (Otra America)
Another America (Otra America) (1991), a poetry collection in English, with a Spanish translation, primarily concerns the struggles of impoverished women against sexual and political abuse, war, and death.
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cac97e22951487d54384de6ae9242126 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Another-Country-motion-picture-1984 | Another Country | Another Country
…Guy Burgess in the play Another Country. In 1984 Firth starred in the film adaptation, though he was cast in a different role. Over the next decade Firth worked steadily, appearing in numerous stage, movie, and television productions. In 1988 he received critical praise for the TV film Tumbledown, in…
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9e9b513cc9f6fa544c7875f291742756 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Another-Day-on-Earth | Another Day on Earth | Another Day on Earth
…vocal album of his own, Another Day on Earth (2005). He returned to the producer’s chair for Paul Simon’s critically lauded Surprise (2006) and Coldplay’s multi-platinum Viva la Vida (2008).
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5bf57b272b06ecd57f9ff7d25a0bd56e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Another-Part-of-the-Forest-film-by-Gordon | Another Part of the Forest | Another Part of the Forest
…was handed the prestige project Another Part of the Forest (1948), playwright Lillian Hellman’s prequel to The Little Foxes (1941), with the impressive cast of O’Brien, Fredric March, and Dan Duryea.
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38a50937c383e865e96dc88162d243d4 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Another-Place | Another Place | Another Place
For Another Place (1997; at Crosby in Merseyside, England), for example, Gormley placed 100 cast-iron figures facing out to sea over a 2-mile (3.2-kilometre) stretch of beach. For 6 Times (2010; in Edinburgh), he placed six figures along the Water of Leith, four of them partly…
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3e8f1056698247051dd5e2c2287f603e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Another-Thin-Man | Another Thin Man | Another Thin Man
Another Thin Man (1939) was a more-expected project, and Van Dyke spun another enjoyable confection; that installment included Nick and Nora Charles’s new baby.
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64b29e110610854cf44b700689a9af0c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Antagonia | Antagonía | Antagonía
…most significant accomplishment, his tetralogy Antagonía, comprises Recuento (1973; “Recounting”), Los verdes de mayo hasta el mar (1976; “May’s Greenery as Far as the Sea”), La cólera de Aquiles (1979; “The Rage of Achilles”), and Teoría del conocimiento (1981; “Theory of Knowledge”), which reveal him as a ... |
8d0db05f5174dc16c5a129c239cdad74 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Antarctic-Treaty-System | Antarctic Treaty System | Antarctic Treaty System
…agreements are collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). The granting of consultative status within the Antarctic Treaty, permitting full participation in its operation with that of the original 12 contracting states, depends on long-term scientific commitment. It began in 1977 wit... |
8d635d755f150da51f6a4fe4d89d09e8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anthesteria | Anthesteria | Anthesteria
Anthesteria, one of the several Athenian festivals in honour of Dionysus, the wine god, held annually for three days in the month of Anthesterion (February–March) to celebrate the beginning of spring and the maturing of the wine stored at the previous vintage. On the first day (Pithoigia, or “Jar Opening”)... |
a14ffcb96984273950f0f640f6cf5c27 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anthony-Adverse-fictional-character | Anthony Adverse | Anthony Adverse
Anthony Adverse, fictional character, hero of the historical novel Anthony Adverse (1933) by Hervey Allen. Adverse is an illegitimate but well-born child and the heir to his wealthy grandfather, under whom he apprentices.
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f14b73ccaab94cce510b6e51286ef08f | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anthony-Blanche | Anthony Blanche | Anthony Blanche
Anthony Blanche, fictional character in the novel Brideshead Revisited (1945) by Evelyn Waugh. Blanche, a homosexual friend of Sebastian Marchmain, is an intellectual and an aesthete whose astute critical faculties fascinate and impress his Oxford classmates.
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ae1f4ce733b7cdae5bed06f489268181 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Antichrist | Antichrist | Antichrist
Antichrist, the polar opposite and ultimate enemy of Christ. According to Christian tradition, he will reign terribly in the period prior to the Last Judgment. The Antichrist first appeared in the epistles of St. John (I John 2:18, 22; I John 4:3; II John 1:7), and the fully developed story of Antichrist’s ... |
2d08db42e348f090b9149fd0acccd615 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/antipasto | Antipasto | Antipasto
Antipasto, in Italian cuisine, a first course or appetizer. In the home, cured or smoked meats and sausages, olives, salted anchovies, sardines, fresh or pickled vegetables, shellfish, peppers, and cheeses are favoured, while restaurant presentations add to these elaborate prepared dishes such as seafood sal... |
033d90cecd7c87d30e4cac97a3ac43b6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anuket | Anuket | Anuket
Anuket, Greek Anukis, in Egyptian religion, the patron deity of the Nile River. Anuket is normally depicted as a beautiful woman wearing a crown of reeds and ostrich feathers and accompanied by a gazelle. She was originally a Nubian deity.
Anuket belonged to a triad of deities worshipped at the great temple at ... |
b3e1adadac29071f5af4f13ad829d14e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/apathy | Apathy | Apathy
Apathy, in Stoic philosophy, condition of being totally free from the pathē, which roughly are the emotions and passions, notably pain, fear, desire, and pleasure. Although remote origins of the doctrine can probably be found in the Cynics (second half of the 4th century bc), it was Zeno of Citium (4th–3rd cent... |
587f08e46362026a1f2fe00f2b7961da | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aphrodite-Greek-mythology | Aphrodite | Aphrodite
Aphrodite, ancient Greek goddess of sexual love and beauty, identified with Venus by the Romans. The Greek word aphros means “foam,” and Hesiod relates in his Theogony that Aphrodite was born from the white foam produced by the severed genitals of Uranus (Heaven), after his son Cronus threw them into the sea... |
6437536ecd2ce44924e2b4af10c76e33 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-11 | Apollo 11 | Apollo 11
Apollo 11, U.S. spaceflight during which commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Edwin (“Buzz”) Aldrin, Jr., on July 20, 1969, became the first people to land on the Moon and walk the lunar surface. Apollo 11 was the culmination of the Apollo program and a massive national commitment by the United St... |
a09c4a74843a59b65bda9eb1d260b031 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-15 | Apollo 15 | Apollo 15
…Worden were launched on the Apollo 15 flight. After a 31/2-day trip Scott and Irwin landed on the Moon, at the base of the Apennine Mountains near a gorge called Hadley Rille. Using the Lunar Roving Vehicle, they covered about 28 km (18 miles) on three separate treks and spent…
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73f070f74eb432fd9a3fb426a2352373 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-7 | Apollo 7 | Apollo 7
…and civilian participant in the Apollo 7 mission (October 11–22, 1968), in which the first crewed flight of Apollo Command and Service modules was made.
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c6fb27e1533342d7f4fe1ba275238196 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-and-Daphne | Apollo and Daphne | Apollo and Daphne
…to the hallucinatory vision of Apollo and Daphne (1622–24), which was intended to be viewed from one spot as if it were a relief. In his David (1623–24), Bernini depicts the figure casting a stone at an unseen adversary. Several portrait busts that Bernini executed during this period, including that…... |
bbf8606ba426d967a3caf854e835fc02 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-Theater | Apollo Theater | Apollo Theater
Apollo Theater, theatre established in 1913 at 253 West 125th Street in the Harlem district of New York City. It has been a significant venue for African American popular music.
The Apollo was the central theatre on Harlem’s main commercial street, and its position reflects its central role in Harlem’s ... |
a7ba1bb0e3e3cc70eca600d3e9b1581c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Appalachian-Spring | Appalachian Spring | Appalachian Spring
Appalachian Spring, ballet by Aaron Copland, first performed in Washington, D.C., on October 30, 1944. The ballet, which won the Pulitzer Prize for music in 1945, contains some of the composer’s most familiar music, particularly his set of variations on the Shaker hymn “Simple Gifts.” Appalachian Sp... |
94369601d4df0ddcf19c4758ede4de86 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/appetizer | Appetizer | Appetizer
Appetizer, food eaten to pique the appetite or to moderate the hunger stimulated by drink. Cocktails, especially apéritifs, the characteristic “dryness” of which allegedly stimulates the appetite, are customarily served with appetizers. Hors d’oeuvres, small portions of savoury foods, often highly seasoned,... |
41703eabc798da4d968b61fc7d18f18a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apple-Inc | Apple Inc. | Apple Inc.
Apple Inc., formerly Apple Computer, Inc., American manufacturer of personal computers, smartphones, tablet computers, computer peripherals, and computer software. It was the first successful personal computer company and the popularizer of the graphical user interface. Headquarters are located in Cupertino... |
7e743044b8cabc598fc044fcc970b90b | https://www.britannica.com/topic/April-Fools-Day | April Fools' Day | April Fools' Day
April Fools’ Day, also called All Fools’ Day, in most countries the first day of April. It received its name from the custom of playing practical jokes on this day—for example, telling friends that their shoelaces are untied or sending them on so-called fools’ errands. Although the day has been observ... |
38c508b5fbba6eadfd59a68967d850f0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/apsara | Apsara | Apsara
Apsara, in Indian religion and mythology, one of the celestial singers and dancers who, together with the gandharvas, or celestial musicians, inhabit the heaven of the god Indra, the lord of the heavens. Originally water nymphs, the apsaras provide sensual pleasure for both gods and men. They have been beautifu... |
673bbad2b15c1dcd7470916e55955697 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arab-Legion | Arab Legion | Arab Legion
Arab Legion, Arabic al-Jaysh al-ʿArabī, police force raised in 1923 by British Lieut. Col. Frederick Gerard Peake (who had served with T.E. Lawrence’s Arab forces in World War I), in what was then the British protectorate of Transjordan, to keep order among Transjordanian tribes and to safeguard Transjorda... |
3cc223ed4c6734a34b636fea3f7627e0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arabian-religion | Arabian religion | Arabian religion
Arabian religion, beliefs of Arabia comprising the polytheistic beliefs and practices that existed before the rise of Islam in the 7th century ce. Arabia is here understood in the broad sense of the term to include the confines of the Syrian desert. The religion of Palmyra, which belongs to the Aramai... |
51c84494a2a788ead48cb76adfbd3dfe | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aramis-fictional-character | Aramis | Aramis
Aramis, fictional character, one of the swashbuckling heroes of The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas père. With the other two musketeers, Athos and Porthos, Aramis fights against various enemies, notably Cardinal Richelieu, during the reigns of the French kings Louis XIII and Louis XIV.
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edab7c57a655a20b8a33c3c0cf720060 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/arbitrage | Arbitrage | Arbitrage
Arbitrage, business operation involving the purchase of foreign exchange, gold, financial securities, or commodities in one market and their almost simultaneous sale in another market, in order to profit from price differentials existing between the markets. Opportunities for arbitrage may keep recurring be... |
4e94a3e1771e5bd166dfe0ac0c447444 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arbor-Day | Arbor Day | Arbor Day
Arbor Day, holiday observed in many countries by planting trees. It was first proposed in the 19th century by J. Sterling Morton, an American journalist and politician, who famously wrote, “Other holidays repose upon the past; Arbor Day proposes for the future.” Arbor Day is observed in the United States on ... |
2fd51329d24924fad1f58789c7690d16 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Archduke-Trio | Archduke Trio | Archduke Trio
Archduke Trio, byname of Piano Trio No. 7 in B-flat Major, Op. 97, German Erzherzog-Trio or Erzherzogtrio, trio for piano, violin, and cello by Ludwig van Beethoven, which premiered on April 11, 1814, in Vienna. The premiere of the Archduke Trio was one of Beethoven’s final concert performances as a pian... |
1ea5e5584220e96ff77becca253977dd | https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture/Architectural-planning | Architectural planning | Architectural planning
The architect usually begins to work when the site and the type and cost of a building have been determined.
The site involves the varying behaviour of the natural environment that must be adjusted to the unvarying physical needs of human beings; the type is the generalized form established by so... |
3adf98a2c55cdf9dc5108c21c4b904df | https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture/Methods | Methods | Methods
The two types of wall are load bearing, which supports the weight of floors and roofs, and nonbearing, which at most supports its own weight.
The load-bearing wall of masonry is thickened in proportion to the forces it has to resist: its own load, the load of floors, roofs, persons, etc., and the lateral forces... |
0188c1435fcebd97ffde5c466a95282d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture/Texture | Texture | Texture
Texture plays a dual role in architecture: it expresses something of the quality of materials, and it gives a particular quality to light. Although one absorbs both qualities simultaneously by eye, the first has tactile, the second visual associations.
Specific tactile textures are peculiar to every material by... |
ac48d9158d48adbfa2a0c016fbbc5775 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ardh-satya | Ardh satya | Ardh satya
…of others in the film Ardh satya (1983). His other notable films include the comedy Jaane bhi do yaaro (1983), the thriller Mirch masala (1987), the crime drama Maqbool (2003), and the caper comedy Singh Is Kinng (2008).
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c96417e3c8fde28e3fafea850635839d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ardhanarishvara | Ardhanarishvara | Ardhanarishvara
Ardhanarishvara, (Sanskrit: “Lord Who Is Half Woman”) composite male-female figure of the Hindu god Shiva together with his consort Parvati. As seen in many Indian and Southeast Asian sculptures, the right (male) half of the figure is adorned with the traditional ornaments of Shiva. Half of the hair is... |
a2fb8269df87e97ca4ae660de9fe47e6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ardi | Ardi | Ardi
Ardi, nickname for a partial female hominid skeleton recovered at Aramis, in Ethiopia’s Afar rift valley.
Ardi was excavated between 1994 and 1997 and has been isotopically dated at 4.4 million years old. She is one of more than 100 specimens from the site that belong to Ardipithecus ramidus, a species considered... |
0593bde32c01cd6b038752e32624de79 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Are-These-Our-Children | Are These Our Children? | Are These Our Children?
…then made the socially conscious Are These Our Children? (1931), a cautionary tale of a youth (played by Eric Linden) who turns to a life of crime and ends up sentenced to death. His films from 1932 include No Man of Her Own, a solid romance with Clark Gable and…
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ae86317b2ad1b757ff5ecc7c1515078e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Are-You-Smarter-Than-a-5th-Grader | Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? | Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?
…they competed against one another; Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? (2007–19), a game show hosted by comedian Jeff Foxworthy where the contestant had to correctly answer questions typical of elementary-school quizzes; and Sarah Palin’s Alaska (2010–11), which chronicled the outdoor... |
3bead76990942a3d800ed04214d5a86e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Are-You-There-God-Its-Me-Margaret | Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret | Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret
…literature with the publication of Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret, a preteen novel told from the perspective of Margaret Simon, an 11-year-old girl whose family has moved to a new town. Margaret, who has a Christian mother and a Jewish father, struggles to understand her deve... |
ed843ca157536f9435575de394d2fcf7 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/area-studies | Area studies | Area studies
Area studies, multidisciplinary social research focusing on specific geographic regions or culturally defined areas. The largest scholarly communities in this respect focus on what are loosely defined as Asian, African, Latin American, or Middle Eastern studies, together with a variety of subfields (South... |
668cd2b44fde89179369365117c3a09e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Argo-by-Theotokis | Argo | Argo
…trenches in World War I; Argo (2 vol., 1933 and 1936) by Yórgos Theotokás, about a group of students attempting to find their way through life in the turbulent 1920s; and Eroica (1937) by Kosmás Polítis, about the first encounter of a group of well-to-do schoolboys with love and death.
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394f1d1ea99cae093a801a4163cccce5 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Argobba-language | Argobba language | Argobba language
…northern Ethiopia and central Eritrea; Argobba; Hareri; and Gurage. Although some scholars once considered the so-called Ethiopic languages to be a branch within Semitic, these languages are now referred to as Ethio-Semitic. They are generally grouped together with the dialects of the South Arabic lan... |
b73f4ffe7cf8a523f78a5920c2aeb28e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Argonaut-Jr | Argonaut, Jr. | Argonaut, Jr.
Lake’s first experimental submarine, the “Argonaut, Jr.,” built in 1894, had a wooden hull and was about 14 feet (4 metres) long. It travelled the sea bottom on wheels turned by hand. The “Argonaut,” built in 1897, was 36 feet (11 metres) long and was powered by a 30-horsepower gasoline…
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ccb816d10d5174aae74efe2a9957dce0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Argonaut-proto-submarine | Argonaut | Argonaut
Argonaut, first submarine to navigate extensively in the open sea, built in 1897 by the American engineer and naval architect Simon Lake. Designed to send out divers rather than to sink ships, the Argonaut was fitted with wheels for travel on the bottom of the sea and had an airtight chamber with a hatch tha... |
743bfd02fb0d2fd102717205a5ce7270 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Argonautica-by-Valerius-Flaccus | Argonautica | Argonautica
…epic poet, author of an Argonautica, an epic which, though indebted to other sources, is written with vivid characterizations and descriptions and style unmarred by the excesses of other Latin poetry of the Silver Age.
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24d6cd44aad7745686f6120629f1a0a3 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Argonauts-of-the-Western-Pacific | Argonauts of the Western Pacific | Argonauts of the Western Pacific
…lesser extent by Malinowski in Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1922) and Magic, Science and Religion (1925). Radcliffe-Brown posited that the function of magic was to express the social importance of the desired event, while Malinowski regarded magic as directly and essentially conce... |
73f7a2e436cf6c1b79c10958ebda5ce3 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Argonne-National-Laboratory | Argonne National Laboratory | Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne National Laboratory, the first U.S. national research laboratory, located in Argonne, Illinois, some 40 km (25 miles) southwest of Chicago, and operated by the University of Chicago for the U.S. Department of Energy. It was founded in 1946 to conduct basic nuclear physics research a... |
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