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0ef975cbf65c575c9140dcb06862f9e2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Rudolf-Wettstein | Johann Rudolf Wettstein | Johann Rudolf Wettstein
Johann Rudolf Wettstein, (born 1594, Basel, Switz.—died April 1666, Basel), burgomaster of Basel who, at the close of the Thirty Years’ War, represented the Swiss Confederation at the Congress of Westphalia (in Münster, 1647–48), where he secured European recognition of the confederation’s ind... |
2bbb0abbf927a7e56e9b7892dc906be4 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Sebastian-Bach/Reputation-and-influence | Reputation and influence | Reputation and influence
For about 50 years after Bach’s death, his music was neglected. This was only natural; in the days of Haydn and Mozart, no one could be expected to take much interest in a composer who had been considered old-fashioned even in his lifetime—especially since his music was not readily available, a... |
e0a292e2cc6f525097bb7951506eb831 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Wilhelm-Lanz | Johann Wilhelm Lanz | Johann Wilhelm Lanz
Figures by J.W. Lanz, who also worked in porcelain here and at Frankenthal, are to be seen. Much work was done in the fashionable Rococo style, including objects, such as clock cases and wall cisterns, and tureens in the form of fruit and vegetables. Both faience and…
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f4388525e005fe85885173c1e22fee0f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Wolfgang-von-Goethe/Faust | Faust | Faust
Work on Faust accompanied Goethe throughout his adult life. Of a possible plan in 1769 to dramatize the story of the man who sold his soul to the Devil in exchange for earthly fulfillment, perhaps including his ultimate redemption, no firm evidence survives. In its first known form, Goethe’s version already conta... |
f953c727e89196da04d22a75eb6e3ed8 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Wolfgang-von-Goethe/Friendship-with-Schiller-1794-1805 | Friendship with Schiller (1794–1805) | Friendship with Schiller (1794–1805)
The friendship with Schiller began a new period in Goethe’s life, in some ways one of the happiest and, from a literary point of view, one of the most productive, though not all that was produced was of the highest quality. In The Horae he published a collection of short stories, Un... |
acc765fc434fe1752c9374a58abbb6dd | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Wolfgang-von-Goethe/Italian-journey-1786-88 | Italian journey (1786–88) | Italian journey (1786–88)
On September 3, 1786, Goethe slipped away from the Bohemian spa of Carlsbad and traveled as rapidly as he could by coach to the Brenner Pass and down through the South Tirol to Verona, Vicenza, and Venice in Italy. The warm autumn, the scenery around Lake Garda, and the architecture of Andrea ... |
9474323fd41ce3a3debc908a936b6b74 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Wolfgang-von-Goethe/Legacy | Legacy | Legacy
Goethe was a contemporary of thinkers—Kant, Herder, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Wilhelm and Alexander von Humboldt—who carried out an intellectual revolution that is at the basis of most modern thinking about religion, art, society, and thought itself. He knew most of these people well, furthered the careers of se... |
cce488669b8d3237be1b5dd219128c2a | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Wolfgang-von-Goethe/Napoleonic-period-1805-16 | Napoleonic period (1805–16) | Napoleonic period (1805–16)
Goethe responded to the death of Schiller by winding up the projects that had dominated his middle years. In 1805 he started preparing a new collected edition of his literary works with the publisher Johann Friedrich Cotta (see Cotta family), who also began the separate printing of his large... |
1ab158873b6959c8f68d424061483bfa | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Wolfgang-von-Goethe/Return-to-Weimar-and-the-French-Revolution-1788-94 | Return to Weimar and the French Revolution (1788–94) | Return to Weimar and the French Revolution (1788–94)
Charles Augustus crowned his generosity, however, by agreeing to a wholly new basis for Goethe’s presence in his duchy: Goethe was to be relieved of virtually all routine administrative tasks and freed to concentrate on the task of being a poet. Goethe resolved to pr... |
c0b49fb792465d3439cf48da219fb1ea | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Andreas-Brinkman | Johannes Andreas Brinkman | Johannes Andreas Brinkman
Johannes Andreas Brinkman, (born March 22, 1902, Rotterdam, Neth.—died May 6, 1949, Rotterdam), Dutch architect particularly noted for his role in the design of the van Nelle tobacco factory, Rotterdam, one of the most architecturally important industrial buildings of the 1920s and one of the... |
0f631eeee7331ed1f77afb52848890c2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Bjarni-Jonasson | Jóhannes Bjarni Jónasson | Jóhannes Bjarni Jónasson
Jóhannes Bjarni Jónasson, also called Jóhannes Jónasson Úr Kötlum, (born November 4, 1899, Goddastadir, Dalasýsla, Iceland—died April 27, 1972, Reykjavík), Icelandic poet and reformer whose works reflect his resistance to the political and economic trends that he perceived as threatening Icela... |
c143e8b3d42ff1f9452fc83e839b4ff1 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Cochlaeus | Johannes Cochlaeus | Johannes Cochlaeus
Johannes Cochlaeus, original name Johannes Dobeneck, or Dobneck, (born 1479, Wendelstein, near Nürnberg—died Jan. 10, 1552, Breslau, Silesia), German Humanist and a leading Roman Catholic opponent of Martin Luther.
Educated at the University of Cologne (1504–10), Cochlaeus became rector of the Lati... |
62b1b6eef78ea3f0f16c00f0c955f6d9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Cruger | Johannes Crüger | Johannes Crüger
Johannes Crüger, (born April 9, 1598, Gross-Breesen, near Guben, Lower Lusatia [Germany]—died February 23, 1662, Berlin), German composer and theorist noted for his compilations and arrangements of several important choral collections, the best-known being Praxis pietatis melica (earliest extant editio... |
435d09896d269346ce0c222bdcb0e8b3 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Ewald | Johannes Ewald | Johannes Ewald
Johannes Ewald, (born November 18, 1743, Copenhagen, Denmark—died March 17, 1781, Copenhagen), one of Denmark’s greatest lyric poets and the first to use themes from early Scandinavian myths and sagas.
On the death of his father, a poorhouse chaplain, Ewald was sent to school at Slesvig (Schleswig), whe... |
645e95e7c286112f18d1cb7916b09ef7 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-graaf-van-den-Bosch | Johannes, count van den Bosch | Johannes, count van den Bosch
Johannes, count van den Bosch, (born Feb. 2, 1780, Herwijnen, Neth.—died Jan. 28, 1844, The Hague), statesman who expanded the poor-relief system and instituted the paternalistic Dutch East Indies Culture System, by which vast riches in export crops were extracted from 1830 to about 1860.... |
584dad484381bbfb47f23c4456802640 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Hevelius | Johannes Hevelius | Johannes Hevelius
Johannes Hevelius, (Latin), German Johann Hewel, or Johann Howelcke, Polish Jan Heweliusz, (born Jan. 28, 1611, Gdańsk, Pol.—died Jan. 28, 1687, Gdańsk), astronomer who compiled an atlas of the Moon (Selenographia, published 1647) containing one of the earliest detailed maps of its surface as well a... |
accd2f86562608f612a8957d5bc929de | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Jorgensen | Johannes Jørgensen | Johannes Jørgensen
Johannes Jørgensen, in full Jens Johannes JØrgensen, (born Nov. 6, 1866, Svendborg, Den.—died May 29, 1956, Svendborg), writer known in Denmark mainly for his poetry (Digte 1894–98, 1898, and Udvalte Digte, 1944) but best known in other countries for his biographies of St. Francis of Assisi (1907) a... |
3f18b588b80a79b9693e8ba6b8622a57 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Magnus | Johannes Magnus | Johannes Magnus
Johannes Magnus, (born March 19, 1488, Linköping, Swed.—died March 22, 1544, Rome), Roman Catholic archbishop and historian, one of the most distinguished scholars of his time, who was exiled as a consequence of the Reformation.
Brother of the ecclesiastic Olaus Magnus, author of a celebrated history ... |
b7b24b6b84fef1ab114ee59038b065ab | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Robert-Becher | Johannes Robert Becher | Johannes Robert Becher
Johannes Robert Becher, (born May 22, 1891, Munich, Germany—died October 11, 1958, Berlin), poet and critic, editor, and government official who was among the most important advocates of revolutionary social reform in Germany during the 1920s and who later served as minister of culture for the G... |
338fa429caf369ac8471d9cb38703af3 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adams-president-of-United-States/Political-philosophy | Political philosophy | Political philosophy
Because he was the official embodiment of American independence from the British Empire, Adams was largely ignored and relegated to the periphery of the court during his nearly three years in London. Still brimming with energy, he spent his time studying the history of European politics for pattern... |
6d1ee2774432823fd0391be25ba5b74f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adams-president-of-United-States/Vice-presidency-and-presidency | Vice presidency and presidency | Vice presidency and presidency
Soon after his return to the United States, Adams found himself on the ballot in the presidential election of 1789. Washington was the unanimous selection of all electors, while Adams finished second, signaling that his standing as a leading member of the revolutionary generation was supe... |
c6d0346b969f1306a1534f2005554b6f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adolphus-Bernard-Dahlgren | John Adolphus Bernard Dahlgren | John Adolphus Bernard Dahlgren
John Adolphus Bernard Dahlgren, (born Nov. 13, 1809, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.—died July 12, 1870, Washington, D.C.), American inventor of the smooth-bore cannon that was, from its shape, familiarly known as the “soda-water bottle.” The shape resulted from a design in which the thickness ... |
86ff081a2a43f54722b708029d6724aa | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Agar | John Agar | John Agar
…age of 17, she married John Agar, who launched an acting career of his own while Temple appeared in The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer (1947), with Cary Grant and Myrna Loy, and That Hagen Girl (1947), with Ronald Reagan. In 1949 Temple made her last feature film, A Kiss for…
Peter Conway (John Agar), a cocky ... |
5d2365248b9b48c14415baa4c7b900e9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Albion-Andrew | John Albion Andrew | John Albion Andrew
John Albion Andrew, (born May 31, 1818, Windham, Maine, U.S.—died Oct. 30, 1867, Boston), U.S. antislavery leader who, as governor of Massachusetts during the Civil War, was one of the most energetic of the Northern “war governors.”
Andrew entered political life as a Whig opposed to the Mexican Wa... |
9e099eb46b96c735da5796112f3dd441 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Alcock | John Alcock | John Alcock
John Alcock, (born c. 1430, Beverley, Yorkshire, Eng.—died Oct. 1, 1500, Wisbech Castle, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire), architect, bishop, and statesman who founded Jesus College, Cambridge, and who was regarded as one of the most eminent pre-Reformation English divines.
Educated at Cambridge, Alcock was m... |
647cfcb397ae89fde89236b22b2efa89 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Allen-Eddy | John Allen Eddy | John Allen Eddy
In 1976 American astronomer John Allen Eddy used extensive historical data to show that 17th- and 18th-century astronomers had indeed been careful and diligent observers of the Sun. Eddy also conducted detailed analysis of levels of carbon-14 (a radioactive isotope whose abundance increases during perio... |
289d4c34ddebd797ab8cb410f0624388 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Amos-Comenius/Social-reform | Social reform | Social reform
The Peace of Westphalia (1648), which ended the Thirty Years’ War, was a blow to Comenius and other Czech exiles, who thereby lost their last hope of a restoration of ethnic and religious liberty in their homeland. Few of them returned, since they would have been required to recant their beliefs. Comenius... |
3245dce47acfba8e3c8a333806ae6db7 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Arbuthnot | John Arbuthnot | John Arbuthnot
John Arbuthnot, (born April 1667, Inverbervie, Kincardine, Scot.—died Feb. 27, 1735, London, Eng.), Scottish mathematician, physician, and occasional writer, remembered as the close friend of Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and John Gay and as a founding member of their famous Scriblerus Club, which a... |
16893d305fbd3aa5d3252484818eec30 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Archibald-Campbell | John Archibald Campbell | John Archibald Campbell
John Archibald Campbell, (born June 24, 1811, Washington, Ga., U.S.—died March 12, 1889, Baltimore, Md.), American jurist and Supreme Court justice (1853–61). He also was assistant secretary of war for the Confederacy.
At age 11 Campbell entered Franklin College (now the University of Georgia)... |
7b03cb444a29af09fc1817403d65811e | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Avery-Pitts | John Avery Pitts | John Avery Pitts
Pitts of Winthrop, Maine, U.S., was operated by horsepower. Large stationary threshers powered by steam engines or tractors, common in the early part of the 20th century, were part of harvesting systems in which the grain was cut either by binders or by headers. In…
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b19f298f82e1e8dbbcfb1109385fd6c8 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Aylmer | John Aylmer | John Aylmer
John Aylmer, (born 1521, Tivetshall St. Mary, Norfolk, Eng.—died June 3, 1594, London), Anglican bishop of London in the reign of Elizabeth I, known for his vigorous enforcement of the Act of Uniformity (1559) within his Church of England diocese. His harsh treatment of all (whether Puritan or Roman Catho... |
726fdb0dac3d1788d4abae34a87a1c34 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Ayres | John Ayres | John Ayres
1680) by John Ayres; he identifies “bastard Italians” as “round-hands,” and his alphabets are nearly exact copies of Barbedor’s italienne bastarde. In A Tutor to Penmanship (1697/98), Ayres praises Materot, van den Velde, and Barbedor as great penmen who revived and disseminated the art of writing. Ayres…
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869eaddabbee8dd47e07f22a189eb476 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-B-Murphy | John B. Murphy | John B. Murphy
John B. Murphy, in full John Benjamin Murphy, (born Dec. 21, 1857, Appleton, Wis., U.S.—died Aug. 11, 1916, Mackinac Island, Mich.), American surgeon who was notable for his advances in abdominal surgery.
Murphy served as professor of surgery at Rush Medical College, Chicago (1905–08), and at the North... |
e603c943ca40a6e49f672572b79040fc | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bachman | John Bachman | John Bachman
John Bachman, (born Feb. 4, 1790, Rhinebeck, N.Y., U.S.—died Feb. 24, 1874, Columbia, S.C.), naturalist and Lutheran minister who helped write the text of works on North American birds and mammals by renowned naturalist and artist John James Audubon.
Ordained in 1814, Bachman obtained a parish in Charles... |
4465ba5dc069d2f0dc89d7b1421cdc1f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bacon-American-clergyman-and-legislator | John Bacon | John Bacon
John Bacon, (born April 9, 1738, Canterbury, Conn., U.S.—died Oct. 25, 1820, Stockbridge, Mass.), American clergyman, legislator, and judge who was an early advocate of civil and religious liberty.
After graduating from the College of New Jersey (later Princeton University) in 1765, Bacon preached in Delaw... |
7dc0b3f27d14295c1998ea9b83f7fa48 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bacon-British-sculptor-1740-1799 | John Bacon | John Bacon
John Bacon, (born Nov. 24, 1740, London—died Aug. 4, 1799, London), British Neoclassical sculptor who perfected certain sculpturing techniques.
In 1754 Bacon was apprenticed in a porcelain works at Lambeth, London. There he was at first employed in painting small ornamental pieces of china, but he soon bec... |
6461d507195b5d76776e243b08a4e71f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Baconthorpe | John Baconthorpe | John Baconthorpe
John Baconthorpe, also called John Bacon, Johannes De Baconthorpe, or Johannes De Anglicus, byname Doctor Resolutus, (born c. 1290, Baconsthorpe, Norfolk, England—died 1346?, London), English theologian and philosopher who, although he did not subscribe to the heterodox doctrine of the great Muslim ph... |
c1fe853172cd3f14bd6de941e9b21438 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Baildon | John Baildon | John Baildon
…master, Jean de Beauchesne, and John Baildon (or Basildon), about whom nothing further is known. Divers Sortes of Hands has characteristics of both writing manuals and copybooks: it includes instructions on how to make ink, cut a quill for writing, hold the pen (illustrated), and sit at a writing desk.…
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62899b70f4ed8d5aff80d6afaae5a9e9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Ballance | John Ballance | John Ballance
John Ballance, (born March 27, 1839, Glenavy, County Antrim, N.Ire.—died April 27, 1893, Wellington, N.Z.), prime minister of New Zealand (1891–93) who unified the Liberal Party, which held power for 20 years; he also played a major role in the enactment of social welfare legislation.
After working as a... |
dfd06d6cd4d5223e7f812d2edbe3ec1c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bampton | John Bampton | John Bampton
John Bampton, (born 1690?—died June 2, 1751), English clergyman who gave his name to one of Protestant Christendom’s most distinguished lectureships, the Bampton lectures at Oxford University.
Bampton studied at Trinity College, Oxford, and was a prebendary of Salisbury Cathedral from 1718 until his deat... |
f10e23244a1180b858f88dbdb968d048 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Banister | John Banister | John Banister
John Banister, (born c. 1625, London, Eng.—died Oct. 3, 1679, London), violinist and composer, a prominent musician of his day and organizer of the first public concerts in England.
Banister learned the violin from his father and in 1660 joined the king’s band of 24 violinists. After further training in... |
e3ad4a5b72535c243ea1f677870a21c5 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Barber | John Barber | John Barber
…a system was issued to John Barber of England in 1791. Barber’s design called for separate reciprocating compressors whose output air was directed through a fuel-fired combustion chamber. The hot jet was then played through nozzles onto an impulse wheel. The power produced was to be sufficient to drive bot... |
d3201a1f056f67c363040dde456f1c1c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Barbirolli | Sir John Barbirolli | Sir John Barbirolli
Sir John Barbirolli, original name Giovanni Battista Barbirolli, (born Dec. 2, 1899, London, Eng.—died July 29, 1970, London), English conductor and cellist.
Barbirolli was the son of an émigré Italian violinist and his French wife. He began playing the violin when he was 4 (later switching to the ... |
6b5204525258116e61103ec88b9897a3 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Barbour | John Barbour | John Barbour
John Barbour, Barbour also spelled Barbere, orBarbier, (born 1325?—died March 13, 1395, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Scot.), author of a Scottish national epic known as The Bruce, the first major work of Scottish literature.
Records show that Barbour became archdeacon of Aberdeen while still a young man and... |
7490b1657cbeea7c500df6bb4d1afc94 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Baret | John Baret | John Baret
…number of languages, such as John Baret’s work of 1573, An Alveary, or Triple Dictionary, in English, Latin, and French. In his preface Baret acknowledged that the work was brought together by his students in the course of their exercises, and the title Alveary was to commemorate their “beehive” of…
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14249f74de5adff39a2416f87a3302bd | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Barnwell | John Barnwell | John Barnwell
…region of plantations named for John Barnwell, who early in the 18th century had led settlers in subduing a Tuscarora Indian uprising. In 1865, during the American Civil War, Federal troops occupied and set fire to the county seat, the town of Barnwell.
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8db0fa62dd5a07454af0dc664ebb4e6b | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Barran | John Barran | John Barran
It was invented by John Barran of Leeds, the founder of the Leeds clothing industry, who substituted a knife edge for the saw edge of a woodworking machine. The resulting increased cutting productivity motivated the development of spreading machines to spread fabric from long bolts in lays composed of…
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a91501671e37d71019605bb31f870bcf | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Barrymore | John Barrymore | John Barrymore
John Barrymore, original name John Sidney Blyth, (born February 15, 1882, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.—died May 29, 1942, Hollywood, California), American actor, called “The Great Profile,” who is remembered both for his film and stage roles as a debonair leading man and for his interpretations of ... |
c87888413e43f6b4e1e73ead5020405f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bartholomew-Scottish-cartographer-and-publisher-1831-1893 | John Bartholomew | John Bartholomew
In 1856 his son John Bartholomew (1831–93), the well-known Scottish cartographer, assumed control of the management, and the company developed into a larger, more prosperous business and acquired its own printing press (1860). He was succeeded by his son John George Bartholomew (1860–1920). After 1890 ... |
68da5680cf0e6cba169209931c168b85 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bartlett | John Bartlett | John Bartlett
John Bartlett, (born June 14, 1820, Plymouth, Massachusetts, U.S.—died December 3, 1905, Cambridge, Massachusetts), American bookseller and editor best known for his Familiar Quotations.
At the age of 16, Bartlett became an employee of the Harvard University bookstore, where he became so versed in book k... |
4f6405d4c10f16998750c9bb699fba0b | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bates | John Bates | John Bates
…after the judges ruled in Bate’s case (1606) that the king could make impositions on imported commodities without the consent of Parliament. Two years later, under the direction of James’s able minister Robert Cecil, earl of Salisbury, impositions were levied on an expanded list of goods, and a revised book... |
7d6ec0add64f064fdbb4a251bbc47789 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bell-American-politician | John Bell | John Bell
John Bell, (born Feb. 15, 1797, near Nashville, Tenn., U.S.—died Sept. 10, 1869, Dover, Tenn.), American politician and nominee for president on the eve of the American Civil War.
Bell entered the U.S. House of Representatives in 1827 and served there as a Democrat until 1841. He broke with Pres. Andrew Jac... |
58b4001a1d51f5f3560ac4fe9b76eae2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Berrien-Montgomery | John Berrien Montgomery | John Berrien Montgomery
…along the Rio Grande, Captain John B. Montgomery sailed the sloop of war Portsmouth into the bay on June 3, 1846, anchored in Yerba Buena Cove, and later went ashore with a party of sailors and marines to raise the U.S. flag in the plaza. On January 30, 1847, Yerba…
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4ded518eb00b044bed9adc0bae56e024 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Berryman | John Berryman | John Berryman
John Berryman, (born Oct. 25, 1914, McAlester, Okla., U.S.—died Jan. 7, 1972, Minneapolis, Minn.), U.S. poet whose importance was assured by the publication in 1956 of the long poem Homage to Mistress Bradstreet.
Berryman was brought up a strict Roman Catholic in the small Oklahoma town of Anadarko, mo... |
9f1ef04d9eca5e91b1322f8a2f2ac3a8 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bevis | John Bevis | John Bevis
…taken by the English astronomer John Bevis in 1747 when he replaced the water by metal foil forming a lining on the inside surface of the glass and another covering the outside surface. This form of the capacitor with a conductor projecting from the mouth of the jar and touching…
…English physician and amat... |
f708bc119382aac9cca2695cbdab4bba | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bidwell | John Bidwell | John Bidwell
John Bidwell, (born Aug. 5, 1819, Chautauqua County, N.Y., U.S.—died April 4, 1900, near Sacramento, Calif.), California civic and political leader who ran unsuccessfully for U.S. president in 1892 as the candidate of the Prohibition Party.
The Bidwell family moved from New York to Pennsylvania in 1829 a... |
704ded92e30750aaec9ff93a8e0fbbc2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Blair | John Blair | John Blair
John Blair, (born 1732, Williamsburg, Virginia [U.S.]—died August 31, 1800, Williamsburg, Virginia, U.S.), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1790–96).
A member of one of Virginia’s most prominent landed families and a close friend of George Washington, Blair studied law at the Middle Tem... |
8b80147a89234dd2e4cbbe1884251bce | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Blow | John Blow | John Blow
John Blow, (baptized Feb. 23, 1649, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, Eng.—died Oct. 1, 1708, Westminster, London), organist and composer, remembered for his church music and for Venus and Adonis, which is regarded as the earliest surviving English opera.
He was probably educated at the Magnus Song School in... |
54c0f41d01c40dc464ce56c06414d02a | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bonham | John Bonham | John Bonham
John Bonham, in full John Henry Bonham, byname Bonzo, (born May 31, 1947, Redditch, Worcestershire, England—died September 25, 1980, Windsor), British rock musician and famed heavy-handed drummer of the Led Zeppelin rock band.
Bonham joined Led Zeppelin when it was formed in 1968. His aggressive drumming p... |
28b749ea593e18e6fb2f3135d3847e28 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bool | John Bool | John Bool
Alfred and John Bool and Henry Dixon worked for the Society for Photographing Old London, recording historical buildings and relics. In the 1850s the French government commissioned several photographers to document historical buildings. Working with cameras making photographs as large as 20 by 29 inches (51 b... |
f9618f3d72c0f578d5c9125e79f126ec | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Boorman | John Boorman | John Boorman
John Boorman, (born January 18, 1933, Shepperton, Middlesex [now Surrey], England), British director who was one of the most distinctive stylists of his generation.
Boorman began writing film reviews while a teenager. After a stint in the British military, he moved to television in 1955, editing and filmi... |
607ce5ddb26c39456ed3b21b9df2da04 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bowen | John Bowen | John Bowen
John Bowen, in full John Griffith Bowen, (born November 5, 1924, Calcutta [now Kolkata], India—died April 18, 2019), British playwright and novelist noted for examining the complexity and ambivalence of human motives and behaviour.
Bowen was the son of a British business manager working in India. He spent m... |
0a610a17760c52bb1a2b0fc51eca5e09 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bradshaw | John Bradshaw | John Bradshaw
John Bradshaw, (born 1602, Stockport, Cheshire, Eng.—died Oct. 31, 1659, London), president of the court that condemned King Charles I of England to death.
Bradshaw, the son of a country gentleman, became a lawyer and in 1643 was appointed judge of the sheriff ’s court in London. During the early years ... |
10e1caaa5c699054a659cf33f631652e | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-C-Slater | John C. Slater | John C. Slater
…bonds was rapidly developed by John C. Slater and Linus C. Pauling in the United States. Slater proposed a simple general method for constructing multiple-electron wave functions that would automatically satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle. Pauling introduced a valence-bond method, picking out one ele... |
4a72c5f92e92ba220b1f50030d3a7948 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Cabot | John Cabot | John Cabot
John Cabot, Italian Giovanni Caboto, (born c. 1450, Genoa? [Italy]—died c. 1499), navigator and explorer who by his voyages in 1497 and 1498 helped lay the groundwork for the later British claim to Canada. The exact details of his life and of his voyages are still subjects of controversy among historians an... |
126f0266e83d85ef4a9fba831447aa79 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Cairncross | John Cairncross | John Cairncross
John Cairncross, (born July 25, 1913, Lesmahagow, Scotland—died October 8, 1995, Herefordshire, England), British literary scholar and civil servant who was identified in the 1990s as the “fifth man” in the notorious Cambridge spy ring that included Kim Philby, Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean, and Anthony ... |
b5be161b7112c0eec6d7c4aef14fa5c5 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Calvin | John Calvin | John Calvin
John Calvin, French Jean Calvin or Jean Cauvin, (born July 10, 1509, Noyon, Picardy, France—died May 27, 1564, Geneva, Switzerland), theologian and ecclesiastical statesman. He was the leading French Protestant reformer and the most important figure in the second generation of the Protestant Reformation. H... |
60c969448e4222399960f46426441eea | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Carroll-American-bishop | John Carroll | John Carroll
John Carroll, (born Jan. 8, 1735, Upper Marlboro, Maryland [now in the U.S.]—died Dec. 3, 1815, Baltimore), first Roman Catholic bishop in the United States and the first archbishop of Baltimore. Under his leadership the Roman Catholic church became firmly established in the United States.
Carroll was th... |
3e07921bf4eae75648162df92b5ca60b | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Carswell | John Carswell | John Carswell
…in Gaelic in Scotland: Bishop John Carswell’s Foirm na n-Urrnuidheadh a translation of John Knox’s liturgy, in Classical Common Gaelic.
|
97f962175aa7917aae3f3b0d4424efdb | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Cassavetes | John Cassavetes | John Cassavetes
John Cassavetes, (born December 9, 1929, New York, New York, U.S.—died February 3, 1989, Los Angeles, California), American film director and actor regarded as a pioneer of American cinema verité and as the father of the independent film movement in the United States. Most of his films were painstaking... |
3e971de7380e46878809edb98a4df775 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Clements | John Clements | John Clements
Harry Faversham (played by John Clements), a young British army officer, is descended from a line of military heroes. However, he resigns his commission rather than ship out with his comrades to avenge the death and beheading of the legendary general Charles George Gordon, killed during the Sudanese rebel... |
49bc0b5e8b52fcfce91320cfe82c24b1 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Cocke | John Cocke | John Cocke
John Cocke, (born May 30, 1925, Charlotte, N.C., U.S.—died July 16, 2002, Valhalla, N.Y.), American mathematician and computer scientist and winner of the 1984 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science, for “significant contributions in the design and theory of compilers, the architecture of... |
046b1ad5910c7f5d784c0bf7b712c6cf | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Cockerill | John Cockerill | John Cockerill
Two Englishmen, William and John Cockerill, brought the Industrial Revolution to Belgium by developing machine shops at Liège (c. 1807), and Belgium became the first country in continental Europe to be transformed economically. Like its British progenitor, the Belgian Industrial Revolution centred in iro... |
a856f77a66e15c502c6e3d92849d4a67 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Coit-Spooner?anchor=ref | John Spooner | John Spooner
John Spooner, (born Jan. 6, 1843, Lawrenceburg, Ind., U.S.—died June 11, 1919, New York City), U.S. senator from Wisconsin (1885–91; 1897–1907), a powerful conservative force in his state and in Congress.
Spooner moved to Wisconsin as a youth. After service in the Union Army during the Civil War, he was ... |
b6735aefd81b18c5b02c03f87e640859 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Colet | John Colet | John Colet
John Colet, (born 1467, London—died Sept. 16, 1519, Sheen, Surrey, Eng.), theologian and founder of St. Paul’s School, London, who, as one of the chief Tudor Humanists, promoted Renaissance culture in England.
The son of a prosperous merchant who had been Lord Mayor of London, Colet studied mathematics and ... |
5853d028046c5ecb7e0f6cbac2a0891c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Cornforth | Sir John Cornforth | Sir John Cornforth
Sir John Cornforth, (born September 7, 1917, Sydney, Australia—died December 8, 2013, Sussex, England), Australian-born British chemist who was corecipient, with Vladimir Prelog, of the 1975 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his research on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Stereochemi... |
f01ec0c0b53f73ab79346499ae876806 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Cotton | John Cotton | John Cotton
John Cotton, (born Dec. 4, 1585, Derby, Derbyshire, Eng.—died Dec. 23, 1652, Boston, Mass. [U.S.]), influential New England Puritan leader who served principally as “teacher” of the First Church of Boston (1633–52) after escaping the persecution of Nonconformists by the Church of England.
Educated at Tri... |
877b089621871921d087f28cbf54c319 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Cromwell | John Cromwell | John Cromwell
John Cromwell, original name Elwood Dager Cromwell, (born December 23, 1887, Toledo, Ohio, U.S.—died September 26, 1979, Santa Barbara, California), American actor and director of stage and screen who, during a career that spanned more than 70 years, helmed a number of classic movies, including Of Human ... |
d476aaaa2f68360d5ef1036a55efac44 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Crowe-Ransom | John Crowe Ransom | John Crowe Ransom
John Crowe Ransom, (born April 30, 1888, Pulaski, Tenn., U.S.—died July 4, 1974, Gambier, Ohio), American poet and critic, leading theorist of the Southern literary renaissance that began after World War I. Ransom’s The New Criticism (1941) provided the name of the influential mid-20th-century schoo... |
7f2efc041aa08ecf1582b6b1dc8dce67 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Curtin | John Curtin | John Curtin
John Curtin, in full John Joseph Curtin, (born January 8, 1885, Creswick, Victoria, Australia—died July 5, 1945, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory), statesman, prime minister of Australia during most of World War II, and leader of the Australian Labor Party (1934–45).
After involving himself in trade... |
f46e8a08721606937eb0aca76befa97f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-D-Ehrlichman | John D. Ehrlichman | John D. Ehrlichman
John D. Ehrlichman, in full John Daniel Ehrlichman, (born March 20, 1925, Tacoma, Washington, U.S.—died February 14, 1999, Atlanta, Georgia), assistant for domestic affairs during the administration of U.S. Pres. Richard M. Nixon, was best known for his participation in the Watergate scandal that le... |
2c17c3f1493c3abc0221e2210ccd8159 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-D-MacDonald | John D. MacDonald | John D. MacDonald
John D. MacDonald, in full John Dann MacDonald, (born July 24, 1916, Sharon, Pa., U.S.—died Dec. 28, 1986, Milwaukee, Wis.), American fiction writer whose mystery and science-fiction works were published in more than 70 books. He is best remembered for his series of 21 crime novels featuring private ... |
f065bb3d7c560997c28b0191ac1cd493 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-de-Balliol | John de Balliol | John de Balliol
John de Balliol, Balliol also spelled Baliol, (died 1268/69), Scottish magnate of Norman descent, one of the richest landowners of his time in Britain, who is regarded as the founder of Balliol College, Oxford; he was the father of John de Balliol, king of Scots. The elder John served (1251–55) as gua... |
e1931de1ea7bd52e70ea34e78883635e | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-de-Lancie | John de Lancie | John de Lancie
The piece was inspired by John de Lancie, an American serviceman who in civilian life was a professional oboist.
|
be9681b2ba413fd280cc2fa160e9a509 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Demjanjuk | John Demjanjuk | John Demjanjuk
John Demjanjuk, original name Ivan Demjanjuk, (born April 3, 1920, Makharintsy, Ukraine, U.S.S.R.—died March 17, 2012, Bad Feilnbach, Germany), Ukrainian-born autoworker who was accused of being a Nazi camp guard during World War II.
Demjanjuk served in the Soviet army during World War II. In 1942 he wa... |
9e18cdf4e842026aa3f788810c5bbb43 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Desborough | John Desborough | John Desborough
John Desborough, Desborough also spelled Desborow, or Disbrowe, (baptized November 13, 1608, Eltisley, Cambridgeshire, England—died 1680, London), English soldier, Oliver Cromwell’s brother-in-law, who played a prominent part in Commonwealth politics.
Desborough married Cromwell’s sister Jane in June 1... |
ba1c2eadda56291f4fa7c5bbd6ca8a02 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Dinkeloo | John Dinkeloo | John Dinkeloo
…Roche and his future partner, John Dinkeloo (1918–81), completed Saarinen’s incomplete projects, including the Dulles International Airport terminal building near Washington, D.C. (1962), the Vivian Beaumont Repertory Theater for the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in Manhattan (opened 1965), and ... |
dea6655f5ea966e2ee1bb63a3d31deda | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Donne | John Donne | John Donne
John Donne, (born sometime between Jan. 24 and June 19, 1572, London, Eng.—died March 31, 1631, London), leading English poet of the Metaphysical school and dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral, London (1621–31). Donne is often considered the greatest love poet in the English language. He is also noted for his rel... |
496163cb351ca931f9c972e7d03e1641 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Doyle-Lee | John Doyle Lee | John Doyle Lee
…some Mormon settlers led by John Doyle Lee. The attackers, promising safe conduct, persuaded the emigrants to lay down their arms. Then, as the band of 137 proceeded southward toward Cedar City, they were ambushed, and all except the young children were massacred. Details of the atrocity leaked out, but... |
e57527ebe799098fe58ce4b08e8029b7 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-E-W-Keely | John E.W. Keely | John E.W. Keely
John E.W. Keely, in full John Ernst Worrell Keely, (born Sept. 3, 1827—died Nov. 18, 1898, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.), fraudulent American inventor.
Keely was orphaned in early childhood. He is said to have been an orchestra leader, a circus performer, and a carpenter. In 1873 he announced that he had d... |
aa671a132adcbc736183e57006884297 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Edward-Redmond | John Redmond | John Redmond
John Redmond, in full John Edward Redmond, (born Sept. 1, 1856, Dublin, Ire.—died March 6, 1918, London, Eng.), leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party (commonly called the Irish Nationalist Party, or the Nationalists) who devoted his life to achieving Home Rule for Ireland.
After he was elected to the Ho... |
1e6cb55fca3e1ee042c629f4f2ea500b | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Eliot-British-missionary | John Eliot | John Eliot
John Eliot, (born 1604, Widford, Hertfordshire, England—died May 21, 1690, Roxbury, Massachusetts Bay Colony [now in Massachusetts, U.S.]), Puritan missionary to the Native Americans of Massachusetts Bay Colony whose translation of the Bible in the Algonquian language was the first Bible printed in North Am... |
20ba5c63b9267f3966ba0bafb6c01ff2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Evans-British-antiquarian-and-archaeologist | Sir John Evans | Sir John Evans
Sir John Evans, (born Nov. 17, 1823, Burnham, Buckinghamshire, Eng.—died May 31, 1908, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire), British antiquarian, numismatist, and a founder of prehistoric archaeology.
A partner in a paper manufacturing firm (1850–85), about 1860 Evans began devoting much time to searching for t... |
3f7e0062dc471e43c932fb81b9968ef0 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-F-Wagner | John F. Wagner | John F. Wagner
Humphrey of Minnesota, and Mayor John F. Wagner of New York City. Kefauver finished on top in the first ballot but without enough delegates to win outright. In the second ballot, Kennedy finished first but also without the requisite number of delegates. Following Gore’s withdrawal in favour of Kefauver, ... |
25fee4dfde86804b94620601beee4456 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Fletcher | John Fletcher | John Fletcher
John Fletcher, (baptized December 20, 1579, Rye, Sussex, England—died August 29, 1625, London), English Jacobean dramatist who collaborated with Francis Beaumont and other dramatists on comedies and tragedies between about 1606 and 1625.
His father, Richard Fletcher, was minister of the parish in which J... |
31003cf4e78132c5b6e9b494261939a1 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Ford-American-director | John Ford | John Ford
John Ford, original name John Martin Feeny, though he often claimed Sean Aloysius O’Feeney or O’Fearna, (born February 1, 1894, Cape Elizabeth, Maine, U.S.—died August 31, 1973, Palm Desert, California), iconic American film director, best known today for his westerns, though none of the films that won him t... |
62fe864b8f048207cbbd8f24d426f891 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Forsythe | John Forsythe | John Forsythe
…Investigation agent Alvin Dewey (John Forsythe), attempt to track down the killers and finally apprehend them in Las Vegas. They are quickly put on trial and, after being convicted, are sentenced to be executed. Five years later, they are hanged.
|
fba615d143a79e23646cf63d089cd779 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Frederick-Amelung | John Frederick Amelung | John Frederick Amelung
…1784 to about 1795 by John Frederick Amelung, a native of Bremen in Germany. Financed by German and American promoters, Amelung founded the New Bremen Glassmanufactory near Frederick, Md., U.S., and attempted to establish a self-sufficient community, importing glassworkers and other craftsmen fr... |
aa4fcf4a70bcc6b55f821ba05501d0cd | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Frederick-elector-of-Saxony | John Frederick | John Frederick
John Frederick, byname John Frederick the Magnanimous, German Johann Friedrich der Grossmütige, (born June 30, 1503, Torgau, Saxony—died March 3, 1554, Weimar, Saxe-Weimar), last elector of the Ernestine branch of the Saxon House of Wettin and leader of the Protestant Schmalkaldic League. His wars agai... |
07020a5e7cf9ca1f33e617296a4fde22 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-G-Avildsen | John G. Avildsen | John G. Avildsen
John G. Avildsen , in full John Guilbert Avildsen, (born December 21, 1935, Oak Park, Illinois, U.S.—died June 16, 2017, Los Angeles, California), American film director best known for the aspirational boxing classic Rocky (1976) and the Karate Kid martial-arts film franchise.
Avildsen began working i... |
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