REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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1,660 | Prediction of hourly microenvironmental concentrations of fine particles based on measurements obtained from the Baltimore scripted activity study | Johnson, T; Long, T; Ollison, W | 2,000 | Electric Power Research Institute; American Petroleum Institute. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) employs a variety of computer-based models to estimate population exposure to air pollution. These models typically estimate exposures by simulating the movement of specific population groups through defined... | 0 |
2,839 | Air pollution and daily hospital admissions in metropolitan Los Angeles | Linn, WS; Szlachcic, Y; Gong, H, Jr; Kinney, PL; Berhane, KT | 2,000 | American Heart Association; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center). #We used daily time-series analysis to evaluate associations between ambient carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter 10 "mu"m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), or ozone... | 1 |
10,312 | Coarse and fine particles and daily mortality in the Coachella Valley, California: a follow-up study | Ostro, BD; Broadwin, R; Lipsett, MJ | 2,000 | South Coast Air Quality Management District. Many epidemiological studies provide evidence of an association between ambient particles, measured as PM10, and daily mortality. Most of these studies have been conducted in urban areas where PM10 is highly correlated with and dominated by fine particles less than 2.5 "mu"... | 0 |
55,196 | Measurements of aerosol optical depth at Ispra: analysis of the correlation with UV-B, UV-A, and total solar irradiance | Meleti, C; Cappellani, F | 2,000 | Aerosol optical depths measured with a Brewer spectrophotometer in the UV region and with a CIMEL Sun photometer in the visible and near infrared, both in operation at Ispra, Italy, are presented and analyzed. The analysis of the data acquired during 1 year includes a comparison of the spectral aerosol optical depth me... | 0 |
57,172 | Quantification of biologically effective environmental UV irradiance | Horneck, G | 2,000 | To determine the impact of envnonrnental UV radiation on human health and ecosystems demands monitoring systems that weight the spectral irradiance according to the biological responses under consideration. In general, there are three different approaches to quantify a biologically effective solar irradiance (i) weight... | 0 |
12,063 | Cholesterol photodynamic oxidation by ultraviolet irradiation and cholesterol ozonization by ozone exposure | Osada, K; Sevanian, A | 2,000 | null | 0 |
52,332 | Iterative inverse modeling and direct sensitivity analysis of a photochemical air quality model | Mendoza-Dominguez, A; Russell, AG | 2,000 | #A four-dimensional data assimilation approach that combines emission-based modeling and inverse modeling techniques has been developed to provide a method to help identify emissions inventory improvements. The method is based on linking formal direct sensitivity analysis of three-dimensional air quality models with an... | 0 |
12,192 | Risk factors for pediatric asthma: Contributions of poverty, race, and urban residence | Aligne, CA; Auinger, P; Byrd, RS; Weitzman, M | 2,000 | The Child Health Supplement to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey was used to examine parent-reported current asthma among a nationally representative sample of 17,110 children zero to 17 yr of age. Numerous demographic variables were analyzed for independent associations with asthma using modified stepwise logi... | 0 |
76,708 | Annual and interannual behavior of solar ultraviolet irradiance revealed by broadband measurements | Frederick, JE; Slusser, JR; Bigelow, DS | 2,000 | This research examines the behavior of ground-level solar UV radiation as measured by eight broadband meters in the continental United States during the period from late 1994 to late 1998. The goal is to define the variability that occurs in UV irradiance over time scales ranging from one to several years. The monthly ... | 0 |
13,069 | Asthma and the environment: a strategy to protect children | null | 2,000 | Over the past 15 years, there have been major advances in the scientific understanding of asthma. Asthma is now known to be a disease of airway inflammation resulting from a complex interplay between environmental exposures and genetic and other factors. Allergens in indoor air such as house dust mites, cockroaches, mo... | 0 |
1,276 | Hourly personal exposures to fine particles and gaseous pollutants--Results from Baltimore, Maryland | Chang, LT; Koutrakis, P; Catalano, PJ; Suh, HH | 2,000 | Electric Power Research Institute; American Petroleum Institute. A study to characterize 1-hr multi-pollutant exposures was performed in Baltimore, MD, during the summer of 1998 and the winter of 1999, and was conducted over a 15-day period in each of the two seasons. Personal exposures were measured by a trained fiel... | 1 |
48,047 | Application of a multiscale, coupled MM5/chemistry model to the complex terrain of the VOTALP valley campaign | Grell, GA; Emeis, S; Stockwell, WR; Schoenemeyer, T; Forkel, R; Michalakes, J; Knoche, R; Seidl, W | 2,000 | A coupled complex meteorology/chemistry model has been used to simulate the flow field and the concentration fields of atmospheric pollutants in Alpine valleys during the VOTALP (Vertical Ozone Transports in the ALPs) Valley Campaign in August 1996 in southern Switzerland. This paper starts with a description of a coup... | 1 |
51,274 | Three-dimensional climatological distribution of tropospheric OH: update and evaluation | Spivakovsky, CM; Logan, JA; Montzka, SA; Balkanski, YJ; Foreman-Fowler, M; Jones, DBA; Horowitz, LW; Fusco, AC; Brenninkmeijer, CAM; Prather, MJ; Wofsy, SC; Mcelroy, MB | 2,000 | A global climatological distribution of tropospheric OH is computed using observed distributions of 03, H20, N0t (N02+NO+2N2O5+NO3+HNO2+HNO4), CO, hydrocarbons, temperature, and cloud optical depth. Global annual mean OH is 1.16 x 106 molecules cm3 (integrated with respect to mass of air up to 100 hPa within ?32? latit... | 0 |
47,458 | Future estimates of tropospheric ozone radiative forcing and methane turnover - the impact of climate change | Stevenson, DS; Johnson, CE; Collins, WJ; Derwent, RG; Edwards, JM | 2,000 | #We present a range of estimates for future radiative forcings due to changes in tropospheric ozone (O3T). Ozone distributions were generated by the UKMO 3-D chemistry-transport model for 1990, 2030, 2060, and 2100, using four sets of boundary conditions. Anthropogenic emissions evolved following either the IPCC SRES "... | 0 |
54,127 | Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of a series of C3-C6 aldehydes with OH and NO3 radicals | Papagni, C; Arey, J; Atkinson, R | 2,000 | By using relative rate methods, rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH and NO3 radicals with propanal, butanal, pentanal, and hexanal have been measured at 296 +/- 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air. By using methyl vinyl ketone as the reference compound, the rate constants obtained for the OH radical reacti... | 0 |
48,229 | A review of the observations and origins of the spring ozone maximum | Monks, PS | 2,000 | #Measurements of ozone throughout the troposphere clearly show an annual cycle. Over the last couple of decades it has become apparent that the measured annual cycle of ozone in certain locations shows a distinct maximum during spring and the magnitude of the maximum seems to have increased. There has been much debate ... | 0 |
1,852 | Assessing the relationship between personal particulate and gaseous exposures of senior citizens living in Baltimore, MD | Sarnat, JA; Koutrakis, P; Suh, HH | 2,000 | We conducted a multi-pollutant exposure study in Baltimore, MD, in which 15 non-smoking older adult subjects (>64 years old) wore a multi-pollutant sampler for 12 days during the summer of 1998 and the winter of 1999. The sampler measured simultaneous 24-hr integrated personal exposures to PM25, PM10, SO4 2-, O3, NO2, ... | 1 |
10,288 | Estimating separately personal exposure to ambient and nonambient particulate matter for epidemiology and risk assessment: Why and how | Wilson, WE; Mage, DT; Grant, LD | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This paper discusses the legal and scientific reasons for separating personal exposure to PM into ambient and nonambient components. It then demonstrates by several examples how well-established models and data typically obtained in exposure field studies can be used to estimate bo... | 1 |
13,436 | Indoor, outdoor, and personal exposure monitoring of particulate air pollution: the Baltimore elderly epidemiology-exposure pilot study | Williams, R; Creason, J; Zweidinger, R; Watts, R; Sheldon, L; Shy, C | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #A 17-day pilot study investigating potential PM exposures of an elderly population was conducted near Baltimore, Maryland. Collection of residential indoor, residential outdoor, and ambient monitoring data associated with the subjects living at a common retirement facility was int... | 0 |
12,075 | Air pollution and health in urban areas | Schwela, D | 2,000 | In this paper, recent reviews of the World Health Organization, other review papers, and more recent literature on the human health effects of current air pollution trends in urban areas are reviewed and summarized as follows: Sulphur dioxide. Some studies, but not others, found associations between sulphur dioxide (SO... | 0 |
1,824 | Characterization of indoor particle sources using continuous mass and size monitors | Long, CM; Suh, HH; Koutrakis, P | 2,000 | Center for Indoor Air Research. A comprehensive indoor particle characterization study was conducted in nine Boston-area homes in 1998 in order to characterize sources of PM in indoor environments. State-of-the-art sampling methodologies were used to obtain continuous PM2.5 concentration and size distribu-tion particu... | 0 |
52,878 | Early H2O2 accumulation in mesophyll cells leads to induction of glutathione during the hyper-sensitive response in the barley-powdery mildew interaction | Vanacker, H; Carver, TLW; Foyer, CH | 2,000 | H2O2 production and changes in glutathione, catalase, and peroxidase were followed in whole-leaf extracts from the susceptible (AlgS [Algerian/4* (F14) Man.(S)]; ml-a1 allele) and resistant (AlgR [Algerian/4* (F14) Man.(R)]; Ml-a1 allele) barley (Hordeum vulgare) isolines between 12 and 24 h after inoculation with powd... | 0 |
11,984 | Neutrophil-dependent and neutrophil-independent alterations in the nasal epithelium of ozone-exposed rats | Cho, HY; Hotchkiss, JA; Bennett, CB; Harkema, JR | 2,000 | Ozone induces epithelial hyperplasia and mucous cell metaplasia (MCM) in nasal transitional epithelium (NTE) of rats. A transient neutrophil influx accompanies upregulation of mucin messenger RNA (mRNA) before the onset of MCM. The present study was designed to examine the role of neutrophils in ozone-induced epithelia... | 0 |
11,978 | Effect of YM158, a dual lipid mediator antagonist, on immediate and late asthmatic responses, and on airway hyper-responsiveness in guinea pigs | Arakida, Y; Ohga, K; Suwa, K; Okada, Y; Morio, H; Yokota, M; Miyata, K; Yamada, T; Honda, K | 2,000 | The effects of lipid mediator antagonists: the LTD4-receptor antagonist pranlukast, the TXA2-receptor antagonist seratrodast, and the novel dual LTD4- and TXA2-receptor antagonist YM158 (3-[(4-tert-butylthiazol-2-yl) methoxyl-5'-[3-(4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl) propyl]-2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylmethoxy) benzanilide monosodium sa... | 0 |
43,858 | Tolerance of a field grown soybean cultivar to elevated ozone level is concurrent with higher leaflet ascorbic acid level, higher ascorbate-dehydroascorbate redox status, and long term photosynthetic productivity | Robinson, JM; Britz, SJ | 2,000 | We examined the characteristics of ascorbic acid (ASC) level, dehydroascorbate (DHA) level, and the ASCuDHA redox status in the leaflets of two soybean cultivars grown in a field environment and exposed to elevated ozone (O3) levels. These two cultivars, one that preliminary evidence indicated to be O3-tolerant (cv Ess... | 0 |
44,174 | Interacting effects of multiple stresses on growth and physiological processes in northern forest trees | Isebrands, JG; Dickson, RE; Rebbeck, J; Karnosky, DF | 2,000 | null | 1 |
21,325 | Growth responses of Quercus petraea, Fraxinus excelsior and Pinus sylvestris to elevated carbon dioxide, ozone and water supply | Broadmeadow, MSJ; Jackson, SB | 2,000 | Seedlings of Quercus petraea (oak), Fraxinus excelsior (ash) and Pious sylvestris (Scots pine) were grown at two CO2 concentrations with two O3 and two water supply treatments for 3 yr in a factorial experiment. Oak was the most responsive species to all three treatments; elevated CO2 and irrigation increased biomass b... | 1 |
55,194 | Reduction of solar UV by clouds: a comparison between satellite-derived cloud effects and ground-based radiation measurements | Matthijsen, J; Slaper, H; Reinen, HAJM; Velders, GJM | 2,000 | Assessment of the effects of ozone depletion on biologically effective solar UV at ground level has been greatly advanced through the use of remote sensing data. Satellite data on atmospheric properties allow the construction of geographically distributed surface UV radiation maps based on radiative transfer calculatio... | 0 |
36,322 | Tansley Review No. 115: Impact of ozone on the reproductive development of plants | Black, VJ; Black, CR; Roberts, JA; Stewart, CA | 2,000 | Sexual reproductive development is a crucial stage in the life cycle of higher plants as any impairment of the processes involved might have significant implications for the productivity of crop plants and the survival of native species. There is considerable evidence that exposure to ozone, even at current ambient lev... | 1 |
13,099 | Age-dependent effects of ozone on substance P-innervation in airways of postnatal rats | Mulvey, T; Satterfield, BE; Frazer, DG; Fedan, JS; Dey, RD | 2,000 | #Exposure to airway irritants during early postnatal periods may contribute to asthma during childhood especially if the initial exposure occurs at critical periods of growth and development. Asthma in children is exacerbated by air pollution that may be partly attributed to neural mechanisms. This study examines the e... | 0 |
13,067 | Clearing the air: asthma and indoor air exposures | null | 2,000 | [Review: NEJM 343(24); 12/14/00]The rising trends in asthma and associated allergic diseases create a problem that affects many developed and developing countries and that so far has defied explanation other than apportioning blame to changing lifestyles and the environment. But what aspects of the environment could be... | 0 |
47,916 | Time evolution of tropospheric ozone and its radiative forcing | Berntsen, TK; Myhre, G; Stordal, F; Isaksen, ISA | 2,000 | Emission trends of ozone precursors have been estimated on the basis of CO sub(2) emissions from use of fossil fuels and cement production (with regional emission indices), biomass burning estimates, use of fertilizers, and aircraft emissions. ``Timeslice' calculations of changes in tropospheric ozone for 1850, 1900, 1... | 1 |
12,661 | Long-term follow-up of hexamethylene diisocyanate-, diphenylmethane diisocyanate-, and toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma | Piirila, PL; Nordman, H; Keskinen, HM; Luukkonen, R; Salo, SP; Tuomi, TO; Tuppuraninen, M | 2,000 | #In 1976-1992 245 new cases of asthma induced by diisocyanates were diagnosed, caused by hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in 39%, diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) in 39%, and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in 17% of the cases. Our aim was to study the clinical outcome of diisocyanate-induced asthma. A questionnaire was s... | 0 |
4,296 | Environmental exposure to air pollution and allergens and peak flow changes | Higgins, BG; Francis, HC; Yates, C; Warburton, CJ; Fletcher, AM; Pickering, CAC; Woodcock, AA | 2,000 | Laboratory-based studies have shown that ozone and nitrogen dioxide can potentiate the effect of allergen in sensitized asthmatic subjects, but it is not known whether this interaction is important under natural exposure conditions. Thirty-five subjects with clinical diagnoses of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary... | 0 |
57,501 | An action spectrum for UV-B radiation and the rat lens | Merriam, JC; Lofgren, S; Michael, R; Soderberg, P; Dillon, J; Zheng, L; Ayala, M | 2,000 | PURPOSE. To determine an action spectrum for UV-B radiation and the rat lens and to show the effect of the atmosphere and the cornea on the action spectrum. METHODS. One eye of young female rats was exposed to 5-nm bandwidths of UV-B radiation (290, 295, 300, 305, 310, and 315 nm). Light scattering of exposed and nonex... | 0 |
12,052 | Transgenic overexpression of "beta"2-adrenergic receptors in airway epithelial cells decreases bronchoconstriction | Mcgraw, DW; Forbes, SL; Mak, JCW; Witte, DP; Carrigan, PE; Leikauf, GD; Liggett, SB | 2,000 | Airway epithelial cells express beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (beta(2)-ARs), but their role in regulating airway responsiveness is unclear. With the Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) promoter, we targeted expression of beta(2)-ARs to airway epithelium of transgenic (CCSP-beta(2)-AR) mice, thereby mimicking agonist act... | 0 |
24,029 | Ozone and sulfur dioxide dry deposition to forests: Observations and model evaluation | Finkelstein, PL; Ellestad, TG; Clarke, JF; Meyers, TP; Schwede, DB; Hebert, EO; Neal, JA | 2,000 | Fluxes and deposition velocities of O3 and SO2 were measured over both a deciduous and a mixed coniferous-deciduous forest for full growing seasons. Fluxes and deposition velocities of O3 were measured over a coniferous forest for a month. Mean deposition velocities of 0.35 to 0.48 cm/s for 03 and 0.6 to 0.72 cm/s for ... | 1 |
80,397 | Lichen responses to short-term transplantation in Desierto de los Leones, Mexico City | Zambrano, A; Nash TH III | 2,000 | #To evaluate lichen photosynthetic changes related to urban emissions, samples of Usnea ceratina Ach. and Everniastrum neocirrhatum (Hale M. Wirth) Hale ex Sipman were transplanted during 54 days into the Desierto de los Leones forest, near Mexico City. The lichens were transplanted from a relatively clean control site... | 0 |
57,213 | Influence of snow and clouds on erythemal UV radiation: analysis of Swiss measurements and comparison with models | Renaud, A; Staehelin, J; Froehlich, C; Philipona, R; Heimo, A | 2,000 | Global, direct and diffuse measurements of erythemal UV radiation with UV-Biometer and radiative transfer calculations are used to estimate the influences of (1) a snow-covered surface, (2) an overcast sky, and (3) a joined snow-covered surface and overcast sky at Davos (1610 m asl, Swiss Alps). The influence of total ... | 0 |
30,008 | Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 protect against and compensate for O3 damage to photosynthetic tissues of field-grown wheat | Mckee, IF; Mulholland, BJ; Craigon, J; Black, CR; Long, SP | 2,000 | The effects of elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on diurnal patterns of photosynthesis have been investigated in field-grown spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plants cultivated under realistic agronomic conditions, in open-top chambers, were exposed from emergence to harvest to reciprocal ... | 0 |
53,418 | Acetone and PAN in the upper troposphere: impact on ozone production from aircraft emissions | Bruhl, C; Poschl, U; Crutzen, PJ; Steil, B | 2,000 | The role of acetone and PAN in the chemistry of the upper troposphere has been investigated with a time-dependent photochemical box model. The results show that acetone strongly enhances aircraft-related ozone production, as exemplified in this study over North Atlantic during summer. For typical flight corridor condit... | 0 |
40,315 | Ozone deposition to a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (CA): A comparison of two different climatic years | Bauer, MR; Hultman, NE; Panek, JA; Goldstein, AH | 2,000 | Ponderosa pine is one of the most sensitive species to ozone and a dominant species in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. To assess the factors controlling ozone deposition to the forest and to study the forest response, we established a research site in a ponderosa pine plantation similar to 75 km northeast of Sacramento. O... | 1 |
19,404 | Globins in the brain | Moens, L; Dewilde, S | 2,000 | null | 0 |
74,022 | Effects of subgrid segregation on ozone production efficiency in a chemical model | Liang, J; Jacobson, MZ | 2,000 | Ozone production efficiency is a parameter used for evaluating the effect of anthropogenic NOx on tropospheric ozone. For this work, zero-dimensional simulations were run to compare the differences in ozone production efficiency when air masses of different origin were separated and when they were merged. The purpose o... | 0 |
26,582 | A new, portable, real-time monitor | Black, DR; Harley, RA; Hering, SV; Stolzenburg, MR | 2,000 | New methods are needed to assess microenvironmental and personal exposures to ozone. A real-time ozone sensor using a piezoelectric quartz crystal has been developed and evaluated. The crystal is coated with polybutadiene which reacts irreversibly with ozone, resulting in a mass increase on the surface of the crystal w... | 0 |
52,286 | The application of data from photochemical assessment monitoring stations to the observation-based model | Cardelino, CA; Chameides, WL | 2,000 | The observation-based model - a diagnostic model designed to estimate ozone sensitivity to changes in the concentration of volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and CO - was used to analyze data gathered during the summer of 1995 at three photochemical assessment monitoring sites (PAMS). The sites were located i... | 0 |
54,989 | Unexpected large uptake of O3 on sea salts and the observed Br2 formation | Mochida, M; Hirokawa, J; Akimoto, H | 2,000 | Uptake coefficients of O3 on various model compounds of sea salts at ambient temperature were measured using a Knudsen cell reactor coupled to a differentially pumped quadrupole mass spectrometer. Uptake of O3 was below the detection limit (< lx10-5) for pure alkali metal bromides, whereas reactive uptake with Br2 for... | 0 |
55,172 | Erythemally weighted UV trends over northern latitudes derived from Nimbus 7 TOMS measurements | Ziemke, JR; Chandra, S; Herman, J; Varotsos, C | 2,000 | This study examines the distribution of long-term trends in ground level erythemally weighted ultraviolet (UV) exposures in the northern latitudes for the period 1979-1991 using measurements from the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument. A new erythemal UV data set (now available to the public vi... | 0 |
46,097 | Heterogeneous chemistry and tropospheric ozone | Jacob, DJ | 2,000 | Ozone is produced in the troposphere by gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons and CO catalyzed by hydrogen oxide radicals (HOx = OH + H + peroxy radicals) and nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx = NO + NO2). Heterogeneous chemistry involving reactions in aerosol particles and cloud droplets may affect O-3 concentrations in a nu... | 0 |
48,357 | Reactivity estimates for aromatic compounds. Part 1. Uncertainty in chamber-derived parameters | Wang, L; Milford, JB; Carter, WPL | 2,000 | Because the major atmospheric reaction products for aromatic hydrocarbons are unknown, they are represented in air quality models using parameterized mechanisms derived by modeling environmental chamber data. Uncertainties in rate constants, experimental conditions, and chamber artifacts affect the resulting parameter ... | 0 |
10,435 | Effect of ozone treatment on airway reactivity and epithelium-derived relaxing factor in guinea pigs | Fedan, JS; Millecchia, LL; Johnston, RA; Rengasamy, A; Hubbs, A; Dey, RD; Yuan, LX; Watson, D; Goldsmith, WT; Reynolds, JS; Orsini, L; Dortch-Carnes, J; Cutler, D; Frazer, DG | 2,000 | Ozone (O(3)) is toxic to respiratory epithelium and causes airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. To evaluate the role of the epithelium in the development of hyperreactivity, we examined in guinea pigs the effects of inhaled O(3) (3 ppm for 1 h; 0-24 h after exposure) on 1) reactivity to inhaled methacholine (MCh), ... | 0 |
42,683 | Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario | Hansen, J; Sato, M; Ruedy, R; Lacis, A; Oinas, V | 2,000 | A common view is that the current global warming rate will continue or accelerate. But we argue that rapid warming in recent decades has been driven mainly by non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as chlorofluorocarbons, CH4, and N2O, not by the products of fossil fuel burning, CO2 and aerosols, the positive and negati... | 0 |
13,130 | Importance of handling organic atmospheric pollutants for assessing air quality | Borrego, C; Gomes, P; Barros, N; Miranda, AI | 2,000 | Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the main precursors of tropospheric ozone production, playing an important role in photochemical pollution of the atmosphere and, consequently, in the degradation of air quality. Air quality photochemical models require a specific VOC profile for each different main source, based o... | 0 |
41,744 | Interactions of tropospheric CO2 and O3 enrichments and moisture variations on microbial biomass and respiration in soil | Islam, KR; Mulchi, CL; Ali, AA | 2,000 | Soil microbial biomass C (Cmic) is a sensitive indicator of trends in organic matter dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine the effects of tropospheric CO2 or O3 enrichments and moisture variations on total soil organic C (Corg), mineralizable C fraction C(Min), Cmic , maintenance res... | 0 |
48,215 | Nonmethane hydrocarbon mixing ratios in continental outflow air from Eastern North America: export of ozone precursors to Bermuda | Milne, PJ; Prados, AI; Dickerson, RR; Doddrige, BG; Riemer, DD; Zika, RG; Merrill, JT; Moody, JL | 2,000 | High surface ozone levels at Bermuda during springtime are associated with the transport of large scale frontal systems from the U.S. east coast over the North Atlantic. An objective of the AEROCE III study was to adopt a meteorologically informed sampling strategy of the chemical characteristics of air masses both in ... | 0 |
12,079 | Criteria air pollutants and toxic air pollutants | Suh, HH; Bahadori, T; Vallarino, J; Spengler, JD | 2,000 | #This review presents a brief overview of the health effects and exposures of two criteria pollutants-ozone and particulate matter-and two toxic air pollutants-benzene and formaldehyde. These pollutants were selected from the six criteria pollutants and from the 189 toxic air pollutants on the basis of their prevalence... | 0 |
41,974 | Reply to 'Use and abuse of the AOT40 concept' by M Ashmore and J Fuhrer [letter] | De Santis, F | 2,000 | N/A. | 0 |
79,152 | Carbon dioxide enrichment and nitrogen fertilization effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) plant residue chemistry and decomposition | Booker, FL; Shafer, SR; Wei, CM; Horton, SJ | 2,000 | Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration will likely cause changes in plant productivity and composition that might affect soil decomposition processes. The objective of this study was to test to what extent elevated CO2 and N fertility-induced changes in residue quality controlled decomposition rates. ... | 0 |
768,175 | Introduction to special section: Southern Oxidants Study Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study, Part 2 | Cowling, EB; Chameides, WL; Kiang, CS; Fehsenfeld, FC; Meagher, JF | 2,000 | Introduction The 12 papers in this second Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) special section of the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres constitute a significant addition to earlier scientific contributions from the SOS: Fehsenfeld et al. [1993], Chameides and Cowling [1995], first special section "Southern Oxidan... | 0 |
2,307 | The usefulness of air quality monitoring and air quality impact studies before the introduction of reformulated gasolines in developing countries Mexico City, a real case study | Bravo, HA; Torres, RJ | 2,000 | Urban air pollution is a major environmental problem in several developing countries in the world. This phenomenon seems to be related to the growth of both the urban population in large cities and the number of old and poorly maintained car fleets. The expected rise of population in the next century in countries which... | 0 |
6,132 | A larger pool of ozone-forming carbon compounds in urban atmospheres [letter] | Lewis, AC; Carslaw, N; Marriott, PJ; Kinghorn, RM; Morrison, P; Lee, AL; Bartle, KD; Pilling, MJ | 2,000 | United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; United Kingdon Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions; Hewlett-Packard (Australia); SGE International (Australia). Volatile organic compounds play a central role in the processes that generate both urban photochemical smog and troposp... | 0 |
11,929 | Acute effects of low levels of ambient ozone on peak expiratory flow rate in a cohort of Australian children | Jalaludin, BB; Chey, T; O'Toole, BI; Smith, WT; Capon, AG; Leeder, , SR | 2,000 | New South Wales Health Department, Australia; Australian National Health and Medical research Council. BACKGROUND: We enrolled a cohort of primary schoolchildren with a history of wheeze (n = 148) in an 11-month longitudinal study to examine the relationship between ambient ozone concentrations and peak expiratory flo... | 1 |
36,357 | Rapid response of antioxidant enzymes to O3-induced oxidative stress in Populus tremuloides clones varying in O3 tolerance | Noormets, A; Podila, GK; Karnosky, DF | 2,000 | null | 0 |
37,997 | Atmospheric chemistry of toluene-1,2-oxide/2-methyloxepin | Klotz, B; Barnes, I; Golding, BT; Becker, KH | 2,000 | A kinetic and product study of the atmospheric chemistry of toluene-1,2-oxide/2-methyloxepin, a possible intermediate in the OH-initiated oxidation of toluene, was conducted in a 1080 l quartz glass reaction chamber. The compound was found to be unstable, with a thermal decomposition lifetime of (333?83) min. Photolysi... | 0 |
11,996 | Ozone: a trigger for hospital pediatric asthma emergency room visits | Fauroux, B; Sampil, M; Quenel, P; Lemoullec, Y | 2,000 | A time-series study was carried out in Paris from January 1 to December 31, 1988 with the aim of investigating the association between urban air pollution and daily emergency room visits for asthma in a pediatric hospital. Levels of black smoke, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone were monitored throughout the ... | 0 |
49,096 | Tropospheric ozone and its importance to forests and natural plant communities of the northeastern United States | Skelly, JM | 2,000 | Ozone is a secondary air pollutant formed under conditions of bright sunlight and warm temperatures as a result of photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons as primary precursor pollutants. Tropospheric ozone is of regional-scale importance due to long-range transport of polluted air masses fro... | 0 |
13,047 | Combining contingency tables with missing dimensions | Dominici, F | 2,000 | We propose a methodology for estimating the cell probabilities in a multiway contingency table by combining partial information from a number of studies when not all of the variables are recorded in all studies. We jointly model the full set of categorical variables recorded in at least one of the studies, and we treat... | 0 |
11,977 | Spatial and temporal variability of ground-level ozone in Castilla-Leon (Spain) | Alvarez, E; De Pablo, F; Tomas, C; Rivas, L | 2,000 | Ozone is a secondary air pollutant that has received extensive attention in the literature, mainly because of the adverse effects that exposure to it can cause, particularly in vegetation during the growing season. Because meteorological conditions strongly influence the efficiency of photochemical processes leading to... | 0 |
3,116 | The effects of changing weather on public health | Patz, JA; Engelberg, D; Last, J | 2,000 | #Many diseases are influenced by weather conditions or display strong seasonality, suggestive of a possible climatic contribution. Projections of future climate change have, therefore, compelled health scientists to re-examine weather/disease relationships. There are three projected physical consequences of climate cha... | 0 |
53,005 | Identification of bioindicator species for ozone and assessment of the responses to ozone of native vegetation at Acadia National Park | Kohut, RJ; Laurence, JA; King, P; Raba, R | 2,000 | Acadia National Park in Maine experiences some of the highest concentrations of ozone on the east coast. Since the National Park Service is charged with protecting the natural resources of the park, it is important to understand the actual and potential impacts ozone may have on the native vegetation of the park.
Thir... | 0 |
30,143 | Plant-plant interactions and soil moisture might be important in determining ozone impacts on grasslands | Nussbaum, S; Bungener, P; Geissmann, M; Fuhrer, J | 2,000 | Ozone effects on plant species mixtures could depend on the characteristics of the species involved, their mixing ratio, or on environmental conditions. Predicting long-term effects on the dynamics of plant communities requires an understanding of the interactions involved. The present experiment was designed to determ... | 0 |
52,475 | Observations of NOy , CO, and SO2 and the origin of reactive nitrogen in the eastern United States | Stehr, JW; Dickerson, RR; Hallock-Waters, KA; Doddridge, BG; Kirk, D | 2,000 | We have developed a technique to quantify better the relative significance of reactive nitrogen sources at a given site by measuring NOy, SO2, and CO. Measurements taken on Maryland's eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay indicate that, on average a minimum of 20% of The NOy. is coming from coal-fired point sources. Meas... | 0 |
29,715 | Beech trees exposed to high CO2 and to simulated summer ozone levels: effects on photosynthesis, chloroplast components and leaf enzyme activity | Lutz, C; Anegg, S; Gerant, D; Alaoi-Sosse, B; Gerard, J; Dizengremel, P | 2,000 | Young trees of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were exposed in a phytotron to different levels of ozone and CO2 under the climatic simulation of one vegetation period. High ozone levels were simulated similar to high ozone concentration in the field (up to 110 ppb), while CO2 was added as 300 ppm to the present lev... | 0 |
5,814 | Combining evidence on air pollution and daily mortality from the largest 20 US cities: a hierarchical modeling strategy | Dominici, F; Samet, JM; Zeger, SL | 2,000 | Health Effects Institute. Reports over the last decade of association between levels of particles in outdoor air and daily mortality counts have raised concern that air pollution shortens life, even at concentrations within current regulatory limits. Criticisms of these reports have focused on the statistical technique... | 0 |
88,884 | Impact of harvesting and atmospheric pollution on nutrient depletion of eastern US hardwood forests | Adams, MB; Burger, JA; Jenkins, AB; Zelazny, L | 2,000 | #The eastern hardwood forests of the US may be threatened by the changing atmospheric chemistry and by changes in harvesting levels. Many studies have documented accelerated base cation losses with intensive forest harvesting. Acidic deposition can also alter nutrient cycling in these forests. The combination of increa... | 0 |
42,634 | Rate and duration of grain filling in relation to flag leaf senescence and grain yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) exposed to different concentrations of ozone | Gelang, J; Pleijel, H; Sild, E; Danielsson, H; Younis, S; Sellden, G | 2,000 | Effects of different concentrations of ozone on grain filling, flag leaf senescence and final grain yield in field-grown spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Dragon) were studied using open-top chambers. The hypothesis tested was that an ozone-induced reduction in grain yield is mainly related to an enhanced senescen... | 0 |
13,066 | Respiratory fungal allergy | Kurup, VP; Shen, HD; Banerjee, B | 2,000 | Fungal allergy including allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma, and allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses results from exposure to spores. In this review we have dealt with the common allergenic fungi and allergens, immunopathogenesis, diagnostic assays, and the possible control of allergy in the future based... | 0 |
52,967 | Throughfall and fog deposition of nitrogen and sulfur at an N-limited and N-saturated site in the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California | Fenn, ME; Poth, MA; Schilling, SL; Grainger, DB | 2,000 | Introduction Human alteration of the nitrogen (N) cycle is an environmental and ecological issue of major concern, over spatial scales ranging from a forest stand to global (Vitousek et al.1997). A growing number of studies have identified forested areas exposed to chronic atmospheric N deposition that exhibit sympto... | 0 |
47,325 | The pressure dependence of the OH radical yield from ozone-alkene reactions | Fenske, JD; Hasson, AS; Paulson, SE; Kuwata, KT; Ho, A; Houk, KN | 2,000 | The OH radical is the key oxidizing agent in the troposphere, and ozone-alkene reactions appear to be a significant and sometimes dominant source of new HOx radicals in urban and rural air. In this work, we report the first study of the pressure dependence of the OH radical yield for the ozonolysis of ethene, propene, ... | 0 |
12,440 | Preparing for a changing climate: the potential consequences of climate variability and change Mid-Atlantic overview | null | 2,000 | Purpose. The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) and federal agencies are sponsoring 16 regional assessments across the nation-including the Mid-Atlantic Regional Assessment (MARA). The goal is to identify: - how people and their surroundings are affected now by climate variability and how they will be affecte... | 0 |
13,035 | Involvement of haemoxygenase-1 in ozone-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness | Hisada, T; Salmon, M; Nasuhara, Y; Chung, KF | 2,000 | Haemoxygenase catalyses the degradation of haem to bilirubin, and the inducible form of haemoxygenase, haemoxygenase-1, is highly induced in response to oxidative stress in vitro. The effect of haemoxygenase-1 in oxidant stress in vivo is not known. We determined the effect of exposure to ozone on haemoxygenase-1 expre... | 0 |
2,921 | Asthma: From bronchoconstriction to airways inflammation and remodeling | Bousquet, J; Jeffery, PK; Busse, WW; Johnson, M; Vignola, AM | 2,000 | Studies of airways in chronic asthmatics by bronchoscopic methods and induced sputum have provided much helpful and insightful data. Within the past 20 yr such studies have led to a better understanding of the mechanisms of inflammation and pathogenesis of asthma. Experiments such as the bronchial challenge with allerg... | 0 |
11,981 | [Air pollution and allergic asthma] Pollution atmospherique et asthme allergique | Aubier, M | 2,000 | The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases is increasing in all industrialized countries. Genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions, are responsible for this increasing prevalence. A certain number of genes are currently screened to determine their suspected role in the immunogenesis of asthma, but ... | 0 |
92,011 | The long-term effects of disturbance on organic and inorganic nitrogen export in the White Mountains, New Hampshire | Goodale, CL; Aber, JD; Mcdowell, WH | 2,000 | Traditional biogeochemical theories suggest that ecosystem nitrogen retention is controlled by biotic N limitation, that stream N losses should increase with successional age, and that increasing N deposition will accelerate this process. These theories ignore the role of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) as a mechanism... | 0 |
41,858 | Monitoring for ozone injury in west coast (Oregon, Washington, California) forests in 1998 | Campbell, S; Temple, P; Pronos, J; Rochefort, R; Andersen, C | 2,000 | In 1998, forest vegetation was monitored for ozone injury on permanent plots in two Sierra Nevada national forests in California, at three locations in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, and at 68 forest health monitoring (FHM) locations throughout Washington, Oregon, and California. This was the first year tha... | 0 |
13,082 | The rate of ozone uptake on carpets: experimental studies | Morrison, GC; Nazaroff, WW | 2,000 | #U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Ozone can react with surfaces, reducing indoor concentrations. Carpets may be important ozone sinks because of their high surface area. We conducted laboratory experiments to measure ozone uptake on four samples of whole carpet and on the corresponding carpet fibers and carpet ba... | 0 |
12,064 | Ozone exposure: a case report and discussion | Parks, S; Paul, DW | 2,000 | A 45-year-old man working with ozone presents with evidence of sinusitis, mucus membrane irritation, sleep disturbance and shortness of breath. Naturally occurring or manmade, ozone may damage pulmonary alveolar type I cells at significant exposure levels. EPA and OSHA regulate exposure concentrations. Studies show dos... | 0 |
13,063 | Significance of melatonin in antioxidative defense system: reactions and products | Tan, DX; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Qi, WB; Karbownik, M; Calvo, JR | 2,000 | #Melatonin is a potent endogenous free radical scavenger, actions that are independent of its many receptor-mediated effects. In the last several years, hundreds of publications have confirmed that melatonin is a broad-spectrum antioxidant. Melatonin has been reported to scavenge hydrogen peroxide (H202), hydroxyl radi... | 0 |
48,314 | Evaluation of numerical predictions of boundary layer structure during the Lake Michigan ozone study | Shafran, PC; Seaman, NL; Gayno, GA | 2,000 | The performance of two types of turbulence closures is compared in a 3D numerical investigation of an episode with poor air quality. The first is the Blackadar boundary layer scheme, which has a nonlocal closure for unstable conditions. The second is a 1.5-order scheme, known as Gayno-Seaman (GS), that predicts turbule... | 0 |
12,284 | Repeated episodes of exposure to ozone alters postnatal development of distal conducting airways in infant rhesus monkeys | Fanucchi, MV; Wong, VJ; Hinds, D; Tarkington, BK; Van Winkle, LS; Evans, MJ; Plopper, CG | 2,000 | The present study addresses the question of whether the episodic nature of urban exposure to oxidant air pollutants contributes to the rise in childhood respiratory diseases by altering postnatal lung development. Infant rhesus monkeys (30 days old) were exposed to filtered air (FA, n = 3) or ozone (O3, n = 3) for 11 e... | 1 |
47,074 | Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on hexane soot: a Knudsen cell and FT-IR study | Al-Abadleh, HA; Grassian, VH | 2,000 | In this study, the reaction of NO2 on freshly prepared hexane soot has been studied using a Knudsen cell reactor and FT-IR spectroscopy. Initial uptake coefficients were determined using gas-diffusion models that account for the surface area of the top layer of soot particles as well as the accessible underlying layers... | 0 |
668,915 | The impacts of UV-B radiation on the regeneration of a sub-arctic heath community | Phoenix, GK; Gwynn-Jones, D; Lee, JA; Callaghan, TV | 2,000 | The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on regeneration after disturbance of a natural sub-arctic heathland have been investigated. Areas of pristine dwarf shrub heath were denuded of all above ground biomass in 1992 and exposed to enhanced UV-B (simulating a 15% depletion of the ozone layer). The resulting regenerated ... | 1 |
3,148 | Toxicological bases for the setting of health-related air pollution standards | Lippmann, M; Schlesinger, RB | 2,000 | The development of air pollution standards ideally involves the integration of data from the disciplines of epidemiology, controlled clinical studies, and animal toxicology. Epidemiological studies show statistical associations between health outcomes and exposure; they cannot establish a definite cause-effect relation... | 0 |
35,563 | NARSTO critical review of photochemical models and modeling | Russell, A; Dennis, R | 2,000 | #Photochemical air quality models play a central role in both schentific investigation of how pollutants evlove in the atmosphere as well as developing policies to manage air quality. In the past 30 years, these models have evolved from rather crude representations of the physics and chemistry impacting trace species t... | 1 |
57,514 | DNA damage formation, DNA repair, and survival after exposure of DNA repair-proficient and nucleotide excision repair-deficient human lymphoblasts to UVA1 and UVB | Runger, TM; Moller, K; Jung, T; Dekant, B | 2,000 | PURPOSE: The comet assay has been used to visualize DNA damage in single cells after exposure to UV light. These comets are commonly thought to reflect transient, repair-induced DNA breaks. The goal of the work presented here was to further characterize the nature of UV-induced comets and to further elucidate DNA damag... | 0 |
43,505 | A meteorological overview of the Subsonic Assessment Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment (SONEX) period | Fuelberg, HE; Hannan, JR; Van Velthoven, PFJ; Browell, EV; Bieberbach, G, Jr; Knabb, RD; Gregory, GL; Pickering, KE; Selkirk, HB | 2,000 | Meteorological conditions are described during NASA's Subsonic Assessment (SASS) Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment (SONEX) that was conducted over the North Atlantic Flight Corridor (NAFC) during October and November 1997 to study the impact of aircraft emissions on atmospheric concentrations of NO sub(x) and ozone. ... | 0 |
11,654 | Ozone adaptation in mice and its association with ascorbic acid in the lung | Wiester, MJ; Winsett, DW; Richards, JH; Jackson, MC; Crissman, KM; Costa, DL | 2,000 | We have previously shown that ozone (O3) adaptation occurred in rats after daily exposure to an "urban-type" concentration. The adaptation was positively associated with an excess of ascorbic acid (AA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), suggesting that AA may play a role in the adaptation mechanism. This relations... | 0 |
10,269 | The national morbidity, mortality, and air pollution study. Part II: Morbidity, mortality, and air pollution in the United States | Samet, JM; Zeger, SL; Dominici, F; Curriero, F; Coursac, I; Dockery, DW; Schwartz, J; Zanobetti, A | 2,000 | Health Effects Institute. The mortality analysis of 90 sampled cities, using the same methods and a unified approach to look at questions previously unexamined, is a major contribution beyond other attempts to combine data from many cities and understand the PM10 -mortality association. The results of both the 20-city... | 1 |
19,095 | A review and synthesis of monoterpene speciation from forests in the United States | Geron, C; Rasmussen, R; Arnts, RR; Guenther, A | 2,000 | The monoterpene composition (emission and tissue internal concentration) of major forest tree species in the United States is discussed. Of the 14 most commonly occurring compounds ("alpha"-pinene, "beta"-pinene, "delta"3-carene, d-limonene, camphene, myrcene, "alpha"-terpinene, "beta"-phellandrene, sabinene, "rho"-cym... | 0 |
40,361 | Federal land managers? air quality related values work group (FLAG): Phase I report | null | 2,000 | This FLAG Phase I Report consolidates the results of the FLAG Visibility, Ozone, and Deposition subgroups. The chapters prepared by these subgroups contain issue-specific technical and policy analyses, recommendations for evaluating AQRVs, and guidelines for completing and evaluating NSR permit applications. These reco... | 1 |
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