REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13,221 | Carboxylic acids in secondary aerosols from oxidation of cyclic monoterpenes by ozone | Glasius, M; Lahaniati, M; Calogirou, A; Di Bella, D; Jensen, NR; Hjorth, J; Kotzias, D; Larsen, BR | 2,000 | European Union. #A series of smog chamber experiments have been conducted in which five cyclic monoterpenes were oxidized by ozone. The evolved secondary aerosol was analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC-MS for nonvolatile polar oxidation products with emphasis on the identification of carboxylic acids. Three classes of compounds... | 0 |
52,338 | Methods for gas-phase measurements of ozone, ozone precursors and aerosol precursors | Parrish, DD; Fehsenfeld, FC | 2,000 | The techniques currently available to measure the ambient atmospheric concentrations of O3, O3-precursors (including the odd-hydrogen free radicals), the oxidation products of these compounds, and gas-phase aerosol precursors are outlined below. This critical review focuses on the recent developments, and, in particula... | 0 |
4,409 | Genetic linkage analysis of susceptibility to particle exposure in mice | Ohtsuka, Y; Brunson, KJ; Jedlicka, AE; Mitzner, W; Clarke, RW; Zhang, LY; Eleff, SM; Kleeberger, SR | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #Particle-induced increases in respiratory morbidity and mortality have been observed worldwide in industrialized cities but the toxicologic mechanisms have not been elucidated. It is hypothesized that subpopulations including th... | 0 |
12,132 | Time series analysis of air pollution and mortality: effects by cause, age and socioeconomic status | Gouveia, N; Fletcher, T | 2,000 | Brazilian Research Council. OBJECTIVE--To investigate the association between outdoor air pollution and mortality in Sao Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN--Time series study. METHODS--All causes, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality were analysed and the role of age and socioeconomic status in modifying associations between mo... | 0 |
29,962 | The role of low-level ozone exposure and mycorrhizas in chemical quality and insect herbivore performance on Scots pine seedlings | Manninen, AM; Holopainen, T; Lyytikainen-Saarenmaa, P; Holopainen, JK | 2,000 | The effects of low-level ozone exposure and suppression of natural mycorrhizas on the above-ground chemical quality of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles and insect herbivore performance were studied in a two-year field experiment. Seedlings were fumigated with the ozone doses 1.5-1.7 times the ambient, and natur... | 0 |
16,186 | Bronchial reactivity of healthy subjects: 18-20 h postexposure to ozone | Foster, WM; Brown, RH; Macri, K; Mitchell, CS | 2,000 | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grant HL-62641); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant ES-03810). Exposure of humans to ambient levels of ozone (O(3)) causes inflammatory changes within lung tissues. These changes have been reported for the "initial" (1- to 3-h) and "late" (18- to 20-h) ... | 1 |
13,233 | Sex-specific effects of asthma on pulmonary function in children | Berhane, K; Mcconnell, R; Gilliland, F; Islam, T; Gauderman, WJ; Avol, E; London, SJ; Rappaport, E; Margolis, HG; Peters, JM | 2,000 | To evaluate the effects on lung function of asthma, time since diagnosis of asthma, and age at diagnosis of asthma, we examined school children in a cohort of 2,277 fourth- and seventh-graders at least twice during a 4-yr follow-up period. Sex-specific models for each lung function were fitted through mixed-effects mod... | 0 |
13,255 | The effect of ozone on inner-city children with asthma: Identification of susceptible subgroups | Mortimer, KM; Tager, IB; Dockery, DW; Neas, LM; Redline, S | 2,000 | Within a cohort of 846 inner-city asthmatic children aged 4 to 9 yr, we looked for subgroups that were more susceptible to the effects of summer ozone. Daily diaries were compared with ambient ozone levels to evaluate effect modification by demographic and environmental characteristics. Children born > 3 wk prematurely... | 1 |
91,879 | Contributions of land-use history to carbon accumulation in US forests | Caspersen, JP; Pacala, SW; Jenkins, JC; Hurtt, GC; Moorcroft, PR; Birdsey, RA | 2,000 | Carbon accumulation in forests has been attributed to historical changes in land use and the enhancement of tree growth by CO2 fertilization, N deposition, and climate change. The relative contribution of land use and growth enhancement is estimated by using inventory data from five states spanning a latitudinal gradie... | 0 |
14,566 | The influence of ventilation on reactions among indoor pollutants: modeling and experimental observations | Weschler, CJ; Shields, HC | 2,000 | This study examines the influence of ventilation on chemical reactions among indoor pollutants. We have used a one compartment mass balance model to simulate unimolecular and bimolecular reactions occurring indoors. The initial modeling assumes steady-state conditions. However, at low air exchange rates, there may be i... | 0 |
16,184 | Relationships between environmental factors and lung function of asthmatic subjects in South East Queensland, Australia | Rutherford, S; Simpson, R; Williams, G; Mitchell, C; Mccall, B | 2,000 | Few panel studies have investigated the relationships between air pollutants and air spora and lung function change in asthmatic subjects. This article examines the association of outdoor air pollutant concentrations and air spora with the decrease in lung function (measured by morning peak expiratory flow) of two grou... | 0 |
13,051 | Wood smoke particles generate free radicals and cause lipid peroxidation, DNA damage NF"kappa"B activation and TNF-"alpha" release in macrophages | Leonard, SS; Wang, S; Shi, X; Jordan, BS; Castranova, V; Dubick, MA | 2,000 | The present study investigated the generation of free radicals by wood smoke and cellular injuries caused by these radicals. Wood smoke was collected after thermolysis of western bark. Electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques were used to measure both carbon-centered radicals and generation of reactive oxygen species (... | 0 |
12,992 | A comparison of nonlinear regression and neural network models for ground-level ozone forecasting | Cobourn, WG; Dolcine, L; French, M; Hubbard, MC | 2,000 | Air Pollution Control District of Jefferson County. A hybrid nonlinear regression (NLR) model and a neural network (NN) model, each designed to forecast next-day maximum I-hr average ground-level O-3 concentrations in Louisville, KY, were compared for two O-3 seasons-1998 and 1999. The model predictions were compared f... | 0 |
10,464 | Characterization of emissions from handheld two-stroke engines | null | 2,000 | Despite their extremely high organic and particulate matter emission rates, two-stroke engines remain among the least studied of engine types. Such studies are rare because they are costly to perform. Results reported in this paper were obtained using a facility that shares exhaust emission sampling and analytical syst... | 0 |
17,313 | Relacion entre consultas a urgencias por enfermedad respiratoria y contaminacion atmosferica en Cuidad Juarez, Chihuahua [Relationship between emergency consultations for respiratory diseases and air pollution in Juarez City, Chihuahua] | Hernandez-Cadena, L; Tellez-Rojo, MM; Sanin-Aguirre, LH; Lacasana-Navarro, M; Campos, A; Romieu, I | 2,000 | OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of < or = 10 microns particles (PM10) and atmospheric ozone concentrations, with the daily number of emergency visits due to asthma and acute respiratory diseases, among children aged under 15, living in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1998 and 1999,... | 0 |
13,125 | Effect of ozone on diesel exhaust particle toxicity in rat lung | Madden, MC; Richards, JH; Dailey, LA; Hatch, GE; Ghio, AJ | 2,000 | Ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations have been associated with mortality and morbidity. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are present in ambient urban air PM. Coexisting with DEP (and PM) is ozone (O(3)), which has the potential to react with some components of DEP. Some reports have shown increased lung injury ... | 0 |
13,023 | Part VII Air pollution: Overview of sources and health effects | Dickey, JH | 2,000 | In this era of increasing interest about environmental contributors to illness, primary care providers may be asked by patients for guidance about air pollution. Some components of outdoor air pollution have improved in the past 30 years, but locally hazardous conditions continue to occur, especially for vulnerable sub... | 0 |
36,361 | Ozone-sensitive Arabidopsis rcd1 mutant reveals opposite roles for ethylene and jasmonate signaling pathways in regulating superoxide-dependent cell death | Overmyer, K; Tuominen, H; Kettunen, R; Betz, C; Langebartels, C; Sandermann, H, Jr; Kangasjarvi, J | 2,000 | We have isolated a codominant Arabidopsis mutant, radical-induced cell death 1 (rod 1), in which ozone (O3) and extracellular superoxide (O2.-), but not hydrogen peroxide, induce cellular O2.- accumulation and transient spreading lesions. The cellular O2.- accumulation is ethylene dependent, occurs ahead of the expandi... | 1 |
52,359 | Introduction to special section: subsonic Assessment Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment (SONEX) and Pollution from Aircraft Emissions in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor (POLINAT 2) | Thompson, AM; Singh, HB; Schlager, H | 2,000 | Emissions of atmospheric species from the engines of sub-sonic aircraft at cruise altitude (roughly, above 7 km) are of concern to scientists, the aviation industry, and policymakers for two reasons. First, water vapor, soot, and sulfur oxides, and related heterogeneous processes, may modify clouds and aerosols enough ... | 0 |
2,083 | Meteorological factors of ozone predictability at Houston, Texas | Draxler, RR | 2,000 | Several ozone modeling approaches were investigated to determine if uncertainties in the meteorological data would be sufficiently large to limit the application of physically realistic ozone (O3) forecast models. Three diagnostic schemes were evaluated for the period of May through September 1997 for Houston, TX. Corr... | 0 |
663,707 | Ozone process insights from field experiments ? Part I: Overview | Hidy, GM | 2,000 | This paper gives an overview of selected approaches recently adopted to analyze observations from field experiments that characterize the tropospheric physics and chemistry of ozone and related oxidation products. Analysis of ambient oxidant and precursor concentration measurements, combined with meteorological observa... | 0 |
2,172 | The potential health impacts of climate variability and change for the United States: Executive summary of the report of the health sector of the US national assessment | Patz, JA; Mcgeehin, MA; Bernard, SM; Ebi, KL; Epstein, PR; Grambsch, A; Gubler, DJ; Reiter, P; Romieu, I; Rose, JB; Samet, JM; Trtanj, J | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #We examined the potential impacts of climate variability and change on human health as part of a congressionally mandated study of climate change in the United States. Our author team, comprising experts from academia, government, and the private sector, was selected by the feder... | 0 |
12,578 | Semen quality and reproductive health of young Czech men exposed to seasonal air pollution | Selevan, SG; Borkovec, L; Slott, VL; Zudova, Z; Rubes, J; Evenson, DP; Perreault, SD | 2,000 | #This study of male reproductive health in the Czech Republic resulted from community concern about potential adverse effects of air pollution. We compared young men (18 years of age) living in Teplice, a highly industrialized district with seasonally elevated levels of air pollution, to those from Prachatice, a rural ... | 1 |
87,690 | Combined effects of atmospheric CO2 and N availability on the belowground carbon and nitrogen dynamics of aspen mesocosms | Mikan, CJ; Zak, DR; Kubiske, ME; Pregitzer, KS | 2,000 | It is uncertain whether elevated atmospheric CO2 will increase C storage in terrestrial ecosystems without concomitant increases in plant access to N. Elevated CO2 may alter microbial activities that regulate soil N availability by changing the amount or composition of organic substrates produced by roots. Our objectiv... | 0 |
17,460 | Childhood asthma hospitalizations--King County, Washington, 1987-1998 | null | 2,000 | null | 0 |
54,055 | Photochemistry of HOx in the upper troposphere at northern midlatitudes | Jaegle, L; Jacob, DJ; Brune, WH; Faloona, I; Tan, D; Heikes, BG; Kondo, Y; Sachse, GW; Anderson, B; Gregory, GL; Singh, HB; Pueschel, R; Ferry, G; Blake, DR; Shetter, RE | 2,000 | The factors controlling the concentrations of HOx radicals (= OH + peroxy) in the upper troposphere (8-12 km) are examined using concurrent aircraft observations of OH, HO2, H2O2, CH3OOH, and CH2O made during the Subsonic Assessment Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment (SONEX) at northern midlatitudes in the fall. These... | 0 |
53,527 | The mechanisms of atmospheric oxidation of the alkenes | Calvert, JG; Atkinson, R; Kerr, JA; Madronich, S; Moortgat, GK; Wallington, TJ; Yarwood, G | 2,000 | null | 0 |
11,931 | Elementary school absenteeism and air pollution | Chen, L; Jennison, BL; Yang, W; Omaye, ST | 2,000 | This study assessed the association between ambient air pollution and daily elementary school absenteeism in Washoe County, NV, between 1996 and 1998. All 57 elementary schools in Washoe County in northern Nevada were included in the data set. There was a total of 27,793 student enrollments during this study period. Th... | 1 |
11,614 | Relationships between ambient ozone regimes and white clover forage production using different ozone exposure indexes | Heagle, AS; Stefanski, LA | 2,000 | Plant responses to seasonal exposure to tropospheric ozone (O3) are mediated by interactions with physical and genetic factors that complicate attempts to develop a measure of O3 exposure (exposure index) that best relates to plant response. Dozens of exposure indexes have been tested for best fit to yield response dat... | 0 |
2,072 | Forecasts using neural network versus Box-Jenkins methodology for ambient air quality monitoring data | Kao, JJ; Huang, SS | 2,000 | This study explores ambient air quality forecasts using the conventional time-series approach and a neural network. Sulfur dioxide and ozone monitoring data collected from two background stations and an industrial station are used. Various learning methods and varied numbers of hidden layer processing units of the neur... | 0 |
57,463 | Influence of exposure time for UV radiation-induced cataract | Ayala, MN; Michael, R; Soderberg, PG | 2,000 | PURPOSE. It is believed that for a certain ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, the biologic effect depends on the product of irradiance and exposure time (the reciprocity Bunsen-Roscoe law). The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the reciprocity law for UVR-induced cataract. METHODS. Two experim... | 0 |
43,730 | Environmental control of stomatal conductance in forest trees of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park | Patterson, MC; Samuelson, L; Somers, G; Mays, A | 2,000 | #To determine if stomatal conductance (gs) of forest trees could be predicted from measures of leaf microclimate, diurnal variability in in situ gs was measured in black cherry (Prunus serotina), red maple (Acer rubrum), and northern red oak (Quercus rubra). Relative to overstory trees, understory saplings exhibited li... | 0 |
30,385 | Introduction to the special issue on ozone risk analysis for vegetation in Europe | Fuhrer, J | 2,000 | N/A. | 0 |
325 | Associations between outdoor air pollutants and hospitalization for respiratory diseases | Hagen, JA; Nafstad, P; Skrondal, A; Bjorkly, S; Magnus, P | 2,000 | Norwegian Research Council. #The concentration of particulate matter in outdoor air, as indicated by daily measures of particulate matter 10 "mu"m in diameter (PM10) in many cities, has been found to be associated with the daily number of deaths and hospital admissions in these cities. To understand this association b... | 0 |
13,484 | Some local environmental effects on mercury emission and absorption at a soil surface | Gillis, AA; Miller, DR | 2,000 | The purpose of this study was to quantify effects of some local environmental variables on the soil surface exchanges of total gaseous mercury (TGM), under controlled conditions. A dynamic flux chamber with a Tekran< mercury analyzer was used to quantify TGM emissions from, and absorption by, a clean, fine sandy loam s... | 0 |
52,455 | The ozone fading of traditional Chinese plant dyes | Ye, Y; Salmon, LG; Cass, GR | 2,000 | Silk samples dyed with 12 traditional Chinese plant dyes were examined to measure their rate of fading upon exposure to atmospheric ozone. Samples of the same colorants extracted directly from the dried plant materials and applied to watercolor paper also were tested for their sensitivity to ozone-induced fading. The s... | 0 |
12,531 | Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children | Gauderman, WJ; McConnell, R; Gilliland, F; London, S; Thomas, D; Avol, E; Vora, H; Berhane, K; Rappaport, EB; Lurmann, F; Margolis, HG; Peters, J | 2,000 | California Air Resources Board (contract !033-186); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant SP30ES07048-02); Environmental Protection Agency (coop CR822685); Hastings Foundation. #Average growth of lung function over a 4-yr period, in three cohorts of southern California children who were in the four... | 1 |
47,696 | The impact of human activities on the photochemical production and destruction of tropospheric ozone | Collins, WJ; Derwent, RG; Johnson, CE; Stevenson, DS | 2,000 | SUMMARY The spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric ozone is controlled by transport processes, including advection, convection and dispersion and by stratosphere-troposphere exchange, surface deposition to the earth's surface and by photochemical production and destruction within the troposphere itself. Th... | 0 |
52,360 | Analysis of radical propagation efficiency to assess ozone sensitivity to hydrocarbons and NOx 1 Local indicators of odd oxygen production sensitivity | Tonnesen, GS; Dennis, RL | 2,000 | We used a simple trajectory model and a three-dimensional grid model to evaluate several indicators that can be used to predict the sensitivity of odd oxygen production (P(Ox)) to changes in emissions of anthropogenic nonmethane hydrocarbons (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2). To perform the evaluation, we augmente... | 0 |
13,544 | Daily respiratory mortality and PM10 pollution in Mexico City: importance of considering place of death | Tellez-Rojo, MM; Romieu, I; Ruiz-Velasco, S; Lezana, MA; Hernandez-Avila, MM | 2,000 | #Significant associations have been reported between particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 mm (PM10) and ozone ambient concentrations, and daily number of deaths from respiratory causes. The aim of the present study was to assess such associations among elderly (> or =65 yrs) residents of Mexico City.... | 0 |
770,516 | Response to ambient ozone of two white clover (Trifolium repens L.cv. ?Regal?) clones, one resistant and one sensitive, grown in a Mediterranean environment | Postiglione, L; Fagnano, M; Merola, G | 2,000 | Two clones of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) differing
in ozone tolerance were grown in southern Italy during 1997 and 1998 to study the effects of
ambient ozone exposure on yield, leaf morphology and water use. Ambient ozone levels were high in
both years with values exceeding the threshold for leaf injury r... | 0 |
47,619 | Meteorological controls on ozone at an elevated eastern United States regional background monitoring site | Cooper, OR; Moody, JL | 2,000 | To determine synoptic- and regional-scale meteorological controls on ozone upwind of the North Atlantic Ocean, we developed an ozone climatology for Big Meadows, Virginia. Three methodologies were employed to analyze the 6-year ozone data set (1989-1994) from this elevated, regional, background monitoring site. (1) A s... | 0 |
26,903 | Survival and development of tobacco hornworm larvae on tobacco plants grown under elevated levels of ozone | Jackson, DM; Rufty, TW; Heagle, AS; Severson, RF; Eckel, RWV | 2,000 | Tobacco plants, Nicotiana tabacum were grown under different levels of ozone (O3) in open-top chambers. Ozone concentrations were established by charcoal filtration, which reduced O3 to approximately one-half ambient, or by the addition of O3 to unfiltered air to increase concentrations to approximately 1.4 or 1.7 time... | 0 |
2,063 | Particulate matter modeling in the Los Angeles basin using SAQM-AERO | Pai, P; Vijayaraghavan, K; Seigneur, C | 2,000 | The SARMAP air quality model, enhanced with aerosol modeling capability, and its associated components were developed to understand causes of ozone (O(3)) and particulate matter exceedances in the San Joaquin Valley of California. In order for this modeling system to gain increasing acceptance and use in guiding air qu... | 0 |
93,008 | Comparison of scientific findings from major ozone field studies in North America and Europe | Solomon, P; Cowling, E; Hidy, G; Furiness, C | 2,000 | #During the past decade, nearly 600 million dollars were invested in more than 30 major held studies in North America and Europe examining tropospheric ozone chemistry, meteorology, precursor emissions, and modeling. Most of these studies were undertaken to provide new or refined knowledge about ozone accumulation and ... | 0 |
11,865 | Modeling relationships between indoor and outdoor air quality | Freijer, JI; Bloemen, HJT | 2,000 | Information about the ratio between indoor and outdoor concentrations (IO ratios) of air pollutants is a crucial component in human exposure assessment. The present study examines the relationship between indoor and outdoor concentrations as influenced by the combined effect of time patterns in outdoor concentrations, ... | 0 |
19,172 | Light scattering characteristics of aerosols as a function of relative humidity: part II--a comparison of measured scattering and aerosol concentrations using the statistical models | Malm, WC; Day, DE; Kreidenweis, SM | 2,000 | The eastern United States national parks experience some of the worst visibility conditions in the nation. To study these conditions, the Southeastern Aerosol and Visibility Study (SEAVS) was undertaken to characterize the size-dependent composition, thermodynamic properties, and optical characteristics of the ambient ... | 0 |
12,528 | Ozone, but not nitrogen dioxide, exposure decreases glutathione peroxidases in epithelial lining fluid of human lung | Avissar, NE; Reed, CK; Cox, C; Frampton, MW; Finkelstein, JN | 2,000 | National Institutes of Health (RR00044 and ES01247); Center for Indoor Air Research. #Antioxidants, such as glutathione peroxidases (GPxs), in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) protect against health effects of oxidant pollutants, which includes O3 or NO2. We hypothesized that GPxs concentration in ELF is responsive to O3 ... | 1 |
11,623 | Statistical surface ozone models: an improved methodology to account for non-linear behaviour | Gardner, MW; Dorling, SR | 2,000 | null | 0 |
43,535 | Atmospheric chemical transport based on high-resolution model-derived winds: a case study | Hannan, JR; Fuelberg, HE; Thompson, AM; Bieberbach, G; Knabb, RD; Kondo, Y; Anderson, BE; Browell, EV; Gregory, GL; Sachse, GW; Singh, HB | 2,000 | Flight 10 of NASA's Subsonic Assessment (SASS) Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment (SONEX) extended southwest of Lajes, Azores. A variety of chemical signatures was encountered. These signatures are examined in detail, relating them to meteorological data from a high-resolution numerical model having a horizontal grid ... | 0 |
10,323 | Cardiac and thermoregulatory toxicity of residual oil fly ash in cardiopulmonary-compromised rats | Campen, MJ; Costa, DL; Watkinson, WP | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Recent epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between levels of ambient particulate matter (PM) and daily morbidity and mortality due to respiratory or cardiovascular causes; however, toxicological evidence supporting these findings is limited. The present stu... | 0 |
11,864 | Modeling of outdoor/indoor relationships of gas phase pollutants and particulate matter [abstract] | Isukapalli, SS; Georgopoulos, PG | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of Energy; New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Indoor air concentrations of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter (PM) differ from estimates based on outdoor values, since they are affected by temporally variable contributions of outdoor air throu... | 0 |
16,100 | Detection of chlorodifluoroacetic acid in precipitation: a possible product of fluorocarbon degradation | Martin, JW; Franklin, J; Hanson, ML; Solomon, KR; Mabury, SA; Ellis, DA; Scott, BF; Muir, DCG | 2,000 | Chiorodifluoroacetic acid (COFA) was detected in rain and snow samples from various regions of Canada. Routine quantitative analysis was performed using an in-situ derivatization technique that allowed for the determination of COFA by GC-MS of the anilide derivative. Validation of environmental COFA was provided by str... | 0 |
11,617 | Application of Bayesian Monte Carlo analysis to a Lagrangian photochemical air quality model | Bergin, MS; Milford, JB | 2,000 | Uncertainties in ozone concentrations predicted with a Lagrangian photochemical air quality model have been estimated using Bayesian Monte Carlo (BMC) analysis. Bayesian Monte Carlo analysis provides a means of combining subjective "prior" uncertainty estimates developed by standard Monte Carlo techniques with informat... | 0 |
11,815 | Air pollution, pollens, and admissions for chronic respiratory disease in King County, Washington | Moolgavkar, SH; Hazelton, W; Luebeck, G; Levy, D; Sheppard, L | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We analyzed the association between various indices of air pollution, pollens, and hospital admissions for chronic respiratory disease in King County, WA, over the period 1987-1995. Both air pollution and tree pollens were independently associated with hospital admissions. In singl... | 0 |
14,976 | Fine particles and oxidant pollution: developing an agenda for cooperative research | Hidy, GM; Hales, JM; Roth, PM; Scheffe, R | 2,000 | This paper describes a background for the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) cooperative program integrating studies of O3 and PM2.5. It discusses several important aspects for rationalizing NARSTO's trinational investigative approach, including (1) an outlook on the state of knowledge abo... | 0 |
3,774 | Deposition and effects of inhaled ultrafine carbon particles in healthy subjects at rest | Frampton, MW; Chalupa, D; Morrow, PE; Gibb, FR; Oberdorster, G; Speers, DM; Zareba, W; Utell, MJ | 2,000 | Introduction. A strong and consistent association has been observed between adjusted mortality rates and ambient particle concentrations, with an increase in the concentration of particulate matter smaller than 10 "mu"m (PM10) of 50 "mu"g/m3 associated with a 3 to 8% increase in the relative risk of death. The stronges... | 0 |
80,704 | Special report on emissions scenarios: A special report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | null | 2,000 | How will the world's climate change in the coming century? The answer to this question depends on how human societies develop in terms of demographics and economic development, technological change, energy supply and demand, and land use change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emi... | 1 |
16,176 | Effects of environmental pollutants on airways, allergic inflammation, and the immune response | Handzel, ZT | 2,000 | Particulate and gaseous air pollutants are capable of damaging the airway epithelial lining and of shifting the local immune balance, thereby facilitating the induction of persistent inflammation. Epidemiological studies are inconclusive regarding whether air pollution increases the incidence of asthma and chronic bron... | 0 |
92,242 | Nutrient variability from point sampling on 2 meter grid in cultivated and adjacent forest land | Paz-Gonzalez, A; Taboada, MT | 2,000 | The majority of studies on soil fertility use experimental and statistical procedures which require statistically independent samples and uniform experimental plots. This hypothesis can only be satisfied and verified in practice with geostatistical analysis. The objective of this study was to assess and analyse the eff... | 0 |
25,147 | Preparing for a changing climate: the potential consequences of climate variability and change Great Lakes overview | null | 2,000 | null | 0 |
47,592 | Boundary layer vertical exchange processes and the mass budget of ozone: observations and model results | Berkowitz, CM; Fast, JD; Easter, RC | 2,000 | An Eulerian chemical model is used to assess the relative importance of a variety of processes associated with producing high surface ozone episodes during selected periods of the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) 1995 field campaign over the northeastern United States. A comparison of th... | 0 |
11,862 | Predicting particulate (PM10) personal exposure distributions using a random component superposition statistical model | Ott, W; Wallace, L; Mage, D | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This paper presents a new statistical model designed to extend our understanding from prior personal exposure field measurements of urban populations to other cities where ambient monitoring data, but no personal exposure measurements, exist. The model partitions personal exposure ... | 0 |
47,103 | Uptake on fractal particles 1 Theoretical framework | Coelho, D; Bekki, S; Thovert, JF; Adler, PM | 2,000 | We develop a detailed framework for calculating uptake rates of gases on fractal particles. Aggregates with a fractal dimension between 1.6 and 2.6 are generated numerically. Three-dimensional simulations of uptake on these aggregates are performed for a large range of conditions. The numerical results can be expressed... | 0 |
10,271 | PM2000: particulate matter and health Introduction | Grant, LD | 2,000 | 1st & 2nd PARAGRAPHS: The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) is required by the U.S. Clean Air Act to establish and periodically review and revise, as appropriate, National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for widespread air pollutants that endanger public health and/or welfare under ambient ... | 0 |
1,876 | Characterization of PM25 exposures: composition and health effects | Wheeler, A; Gold, D; Speizer, F; Koutrakis, P; Suh, H | 2,000 | Previous studies have indicated that acute exposures to particulate air pollution are associated with increases in daily cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.[1] Research conducted in Boston show significant associations between ambient particle and ozone exposures and decreased heart rate variability (HRV).[2] To id... | 0 |
12,071 | Effects of taurine on ozone-induced memory deficits and lipid peroxidation levels in brains of young, mature, and old rats | Rivas-Arancibia, S; Dorado-Martinez, C; Borgonio-Perez, G; Hiriart-Urdanivia, M; Verdugo-Diaz, L; Duran-Vazquez, A; Colin-Baranque, L; Avila-Costa, MR | 2,000 | To determine the antioxidant effects of taurine on changes in memory and lipid peroxidation levels in brain caused by exposure to ozone, we carried out two experiments. In the first experiment, 150 rats were separated into three experimental blocks (young, mature, and old) with five groups each and received one of the ... | 1 |
10,320 | Interim results of the study of particulates and health in Atlanta (SOPHIA) | Tolbert, PE; Klein, M; Metzger, KB; Peel, J; Flanders, WD; Todd, K; Mulholland, JA; Ryan, PB; Frumkin, H | 2,000 | Substantial evidence supports an association of particulate matter (PM) with cardiorespiratory illnesses, but little is known regarding characteristics of PM that might contribute to this association and the mechanisms of action. The Atlanta superstation sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute as part of the... | 0 |
43,538 | Mesoscale numerical investigations of air traffic emissions over the North Atlantic during SONEX flight 8: a case study | Bieberbach, G; Fuelberg, HE; Thompson, AM; Schmitt, A; Hannan, JR; Gergory, GL; Kondo, Y; Knabb, RD; Sachse, GW; Talbot, RW | 2,000 | Chemical data from flight 8 of NASA's Subsonic Assessment (SASS) Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment (SONEX) exhibited signatures consistent with aircraft emissions, stratospheric air, and surface-based pollution. These signatures are examined in detail, focusing on the broad aircraft emission signatures that are sever... | 0 |
52,736 | Estimation of plasmalemma conductivity to ascorbic acid in intact leaves exposed to ozone | Bichele, I; Moldau, H; Padu, E | 2,000 | To establish the capacity of the leaf mesophyll plasmalemma of Phaseolus vulgaris L. to supply ascorbate (ASC) into the cell wall by simple diffusion, a method for calculating plasmalemma diffusional conductivity to ascorbic acid (AA) in intact leaves was evaluated. The core of the approach is that in the presence of a... | 0 |
92,027 | Visible and microscopic injury in leaves of five deciduous tree species related to current critical ozone levels | Gundhardt-Goerg, MS; McQuattie, CJ; Maurer, S; Frey, B | 2,000 | Because the current critical level of ozone (O3) for forest trees is based only on one species, the responses of five deciduous tree species were differentiated in a climate chamber experiment. The number of symptomatic leaves per tree was significantly increased, and stomatal conductance was decreased under 50% ambien... | 0 |
796 | No effect of inhaled budesonide on the response to inhaled ozone in normal subjects | Nightingale, JA; Rogers, DF; Chung, KF; Barnes, PJ | 2,000 | Astra Draco AB [Lund, Sweden]. #Inhalation of ozone in normal subjects causes a neutrophilic inflammatory response in the airways. Pretreatment with inhaled corticosteroids reduces the inflammatory response to inhaled ozone in dogs. We undertook a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study to investi... | 1 |
90,398 | Effects of environmental stress on forest crown condition in Europe Part III: estimation of critical deposition and concentration levels and their exceedances | De Vries, W; Reinds, GJ; Klap, JM; Van Leeuwen, EP; Erisman, JW | 2,000 | The stress by air pollution at the systematic Pan-European 16 I 16 km2 forest (crown) condition monitoring network, is discussed by comparing site-specific estimates of critical and present concentration and deposition levels for S and N compounds and ozone. Results indicate that the exceedance of critical levels, rela... | 0 |
52,175 | Chemistry of Atmospheres: an introduction to the chemistry of the atmospheres of Earth, the planets, and their satellites | Wayne, RP | 2,000 | null | 0 |
14,979 | Neural network model for predicting peak photochemical pollutant levels | Melas, D; Kioutsioukis, I; Ziomas, IC | 2,000 | In this paper, an attempt is made for the 24-hr prediction of photochemical pollutant levels using a neural network model. For this purpose, a model is developed that relates peak pollutant concentrations to meteorological and emission variables and indexes. The analysis is based on measurements of O3 and NO2 from the ... | 0 |
10,350 | Daily mortality and air pollution in the Netherlands | Hoek, G; Brunekreef, B; Verhoeff, A; Van Wijnen, J; Fischer, P | 2,000 | We studied the association of daily mortality with shortterm variations in the ambient concentrations of major gaseous pollutants and PM in the Netherlands. The magnitude of the association in the four major urban areas was compared with that in the remainder of the country. Daily cause-specific mortality counts, air q... | 0 |
56,191 | Photodissociation of acetone in air: dependence on pressure and wavelength Behavior of the excited singlet state | Emrich, M; Warneck, P | 2,000 | Quantum yields of acetyl radicals resulting from the photodissociation of 0.1-1% acetone in air were studied in the wavelength range 280-330 nm and at total pressures ranging from 130 to 1000 hPa. Through the addition of small amounts of NO2 to the gas mixtures, acetyl peroxy radicals were scavenged to form peroxyacety... | 0 |
13,064 | Panel study of acute respiratory outcomes, Staten Island New York | Berger, S; Jones, P; White, MC | 2,000 | In response to community concerns regarding landfill emissions and air pollution near Fresh Kills Municipal Landfill on Staten Island, New York, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) conducted a panel study to investigate whether odor and air pollutants emanating from the landfill were associated... | 0 |
11,461 | Air pollution and mortality in a cohort of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a time series analysis | Garcia-Aymerich, J; Tobias, A; Anto, JM; Sunyer, J | 2,000 | Fondo Investigaciones Sanitarias, Madrid; Generalitat de Catalunya. Many studies have shown an association between current daily levels of air pollution and daily mortality by respiratory and cardiovascular causes in the general population. However, the weak associations observed and the ecological nature of the exposu... | 0 |
10,351 | Effect of the fine fraction of particulate matter versus the coarse mass and other pollutants on daily mortality in Santiago, Chile | Cifuentes, LA; Vega, J; Kopfer, K; Lave, LB | 2,000 | Fondecyt Project; Center for Integrated Study of the Human Dimensions of Global Change (National Science Foundation; Carnegie Mellon University). Daily counts of non-accidental deaths in Santiago, Chile, from 1988 to 1996 were regressed on six air pollutants fine particles (PM2), coarse particles (PM10-2.5), CO, SO2, N... | 0 |
53,452 | Pollution from aircraft emissions in the North Atlantic flight corridor: overview on the POLINAT projects | Schumann, U; Schlager, H; Arnold, F; Ovarlez, J; Kelder, H; Hov, O; Hayman, G; Isaksen, ISA; Staehelin, J; Whitefield, PD | 2,000 | The Pollution From Aircraft Emissions in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor (POLINAT) projects were undertaken to investigate the impact of aircraft engine exhaust emissions on the state of the atmosphere in the North Atlantic flight corridor. Changes in the composition of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere f... | 0 |
13,028 | The sensitivity of sulfur wet deposition to atmospheric oxidants | Stein, AF; Lamb, D | 2,000 | #The wet deposition of sulfate (SO42-) in eastern North America is chemically linked to primary emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) via atmospheric oxidants and therefore also to the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrocarbons (RH) within the region. Despite the major reductions in SO2 sources mandated by the Cle... | 0 |
36,303 | Toxicology of ultrafine particles: in vivo studies | Oberdorster, G | 2,000 | Ultrafine particles (less than 100 nm in diameter) are encountered in ambient air and at the workplace. Normal background levels in the urban atmosphere for ultrafine particles are in the range 1-4 x 10(4) cm(-3); however, their mass concentration is normally not greater than 2 Ag m(-3). At the workplace, ultrafine pa... | 0 |
3,370 | Airway inflammatory and antioxidant responses to oxidative and particulate air pollutants - experimental exposure studies in humans | Blomberg, A | 2,000 | In recent years, it has been shown that air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (03) and diesel exhaust increase airway symptoms in healthy subjects as well as in individuals with asthma, allergy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is evidence that airway diseases such as asthiha and al... | 0 |
13,050 | Biopsy markers of airway inflammation and remodeling | Jeffery, PK; Laitinen, A; Venge, P | 2,000 | Bronchial inflammation is a consistent feature of asthma and its chronicity probably determines disease progression. Clinical evaluation of drugs with potential disease-modifying activity requires measurement of their effects on the inflammatory and remodelling process using a variety of techniques including bronchial ... | 0 |
41,851 | Effects of ozone exposure on growth and photosynthesis of beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica) | Bortier, K; Ceulemans, R; De Temmerman, L | 2,000 | SUMMARY The effects of ambient and elevated ozone levels on growth and photosynthesis of beech (Fagus sylvatica) were studied by exposing seedlings in open-top chambers for one growing season to three treatments: charcoal-filtered (CF), non-filtered (NF) and non-filtered air with addition of ozone (30 ppb ozone) on cl... | 0 |
17,940 | An assessment of tropospheric ozone pollution: a North American perspective | null | 2,000 | null | 0 |
4,088 | Daily mortality in the Philadelphia metropolitan area and size-classified particulate matter | Lipfert, FW; Morris, SC; Wyzga, RE | 2,000 | Electric Power Research Institute; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Time-series of daily mortality data from May 1992 to September 1995 for various portions of the 7-county Philadelphia metropolitan area were analyzed in relation to weather and a variety of ambient air quality parameters. The air quality data inc... | 0 |
35,262 | Effects of tropospheric ozone on woody plants | Bortier, K; Ceulemans, R; De Temmerman, L | 2,000 | null | 0 |
10,407 | A study of the association between daily mortality and ambient air pollutant concentrations in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Chock, DP; Winkler, SL; Chen, C | 2,000 | We have studied the possible association of daily mortality with ambient pollutant concentrations (PM10, CO, O3, SO2, NO2, and fine [PM25] and coarse PM) and weather variables (temperature and dew point) in the Pittsburgh, PA, area for two age groups-less than 75, and 75 and over-for the 3-year period of 1989-1991. Cor... | 0 |
10,389 | Aerosol Research and Inhalation Epidemiological Study (ARIES): air quality and daily mortality statistical modeling--interim results | Klemm, RJ; Mason, RM, Jr | 2,000 | Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The Aerosol Research and Inhalation Epidemiological Study (ARIES) is an EPRI-sponsored project to collect air quality and meteorological data at a single site in north-western Atlanta, GA. Seventy high-resolution air quality indicators (AQIs) are used to examine statistical rel... | 0 |
57,641 | Risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in relation to use of sunbeds: further evidence for UV-A carcinogenicity | Westerdahl, J; Ingvar, C; Masback, A; Jonsson, N; Olsson, H | 2,000 | #In a population-based, matched, case-control study from southern Sweden of 571 patients with a first diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma and 913 healthy controls aged 16-80 years, the association between sunbed use and malignant melanoma was evaluated. A total of 250 (44%) cases and 372 (41%) controls reported e... | 0 |
16,178 | The role of ozone | Forster, J; Kuehr, J | 2,000 | null | 0 |
47,087 | Experimental characterization of aircraft combustor soot: microstructure, surface area, porosity and water adsorption | Popovitcheva, OB; Persiantseva, NM; Trukhin, ME; Rulev, GB; Shonija, NK; Buriko, YY; Starik, AM; Demirdjian, B; Ferry, D; Suzanne, J | 2,000 | The laboratory combustion technique operating on a typical combustor of a gas turbine engine is used for soot sampling. Soot particles are derived by combustion of a hydrocarbon C3H8-n-C4H10 mixture at typical cruise conditions. Size, morphology, microstructure, surface area, porosity, and the chemical nature of the so... | 0 |
1,949 | Exposure measurement error in time-series studies of air pollution: Concepts and consequences | Zeger, SL; Thomas, D; Dominici, F; Samet, JM; Schwartz, J; Dockery, D; Cohen, A | 2,000 | Misclassification of exposure is a well-recognized inherent limitation of epidemiologic studies of disease and the environment. For many agents of interest, exposures take place over time and in multiple locations; accurately estimating the relevant exposures for an individual participant in epidemiologic studies is of... | 1 |
55,565 | Chemistry of the upper and lower atmosphere: Theory, experiments and applications | Finlayson-Pitts, BJ; Pitts, JN, Jr | 2,000 | Here is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of one of the hottest areas of chemical research. The treatment of fundamental kinetics and photochemistry will be highly useful to chemistry students and their instructors at the graduate level, as well as postdoctoral fellows entering this new, exciting, and wel... | 0 |
52,812 | Calcium channels activated by hydrogen peroxide mediate abscisic acid signalling in guard cells | Pel, ZM; Murata, Y; Benning, G; Thomine, S; Klusener, B; Allen, GJ; Grill, E; Schroeder, JI | 2,000 | 1st Paragraph: Drought is a major threat to agricultural production. Plants synthesize the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in response to drought, triggering a signalling cascade in guard cells that results in stomatal closure, thus reducing water loss. ABA triggers an increase in cytosolic calcium in guard cells ([Ca2+]cy... | 0 |
670,420 | Design of the Mexico City UV monitoring network: UV-B measurements at ground level in the urban environment | Acosta, LR; Evans, WFJ | 2,000 | Although there is concern for future stratospheric ozone depletion, several large urban populations are already being exposed to very high UV levels due to geographical factors. In Mexico City, ultraviolet radiation (UV) plays an important role in the generation of high levels of tropospheric ozone and other photochemi... | 0 |
47,077 | A laboratory study of the heterogeneous reaction of nitric acid on calcium carbonate particles | Goodman, AL; Underwood, GM; Grassian, VH | 2,000 | It has been postulated that the reaction of nitric acid with calcium carbonate, namely, CaCO3 (s) + 2HNO3 (g) -> Ca(NO3 ) sub(2) (s) + CO2 (g) + H sub(2) O(g), plays an important role in the atmosphere. In this study, transmission FTIR spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron mic... | 0 |
57,503 | Extreme UV exposure of professional cyclists | Moehrle, M; Heinrich, L; Schmid, A; Garbe, C | 2,000 | #Background: The most important risk factor for the development of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer is thought to be ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To date there is no quantification of the UV exposure of outdoor sports professionals training and competing at high solar UV levels. Methods: During eight stages of the ... | 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.