REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11,994 | Environmental risk factors (outdoor air pollution and climatic changes) and increased trend of respiratory allergy | D'Amato, G; Liccardi, G; D'Amato, M | 2,000 | A wealth of evidence suggests that allergic respiratory diseases such as rhinosinusitis and bronchial asthma have become more common worldwide in recent years and a great deal of etiological and pathogenic research has been carried out to evaluate the possible causes of this increasing trend. There is also some evidenc... | 0 |
27,330 | Combined effects of ozone and nitrogen on secondary compounds, amino acids, and aphid performance in Scots pine | Kainulainen, P; Holopainen, JK; Holopainen, T | 2,000 | Combined effects of O-3 and N supply on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L,) were studied in two separate growth chamber experiments exposing seedlings to 0, 0.075, 0.15, and 0.3 mu L/L of O-3 during 8 h/d, 5 d/wk for a period of 5 wk, Seedlings were fertilized with low, medium, and high levels of N. Ozone and N availabili... | 0 |
52,412 | Analysis of radical propagation efficiency to assess ozone sensitivity to hydrocarbons and NOx: 2 Long-lived species as indicators of ozone concentration sensitivity | Tonnesen, GS; Dennis, RL | 2,000 | We used an analysis of radical propagation efficiency and OH chain length in a simple trajectory model to propose combinations of long-lived species that distinguish conditions in which O3 concentration ([O3]) is NOx-limited and radical-limited. We further examined these indicators in a three-dimensional grid model. We... | 1 |
12,055 | Priming of allergic immune responses by repeated ozone exposure in mice | Neuhaus-Steinmetz, U; Uffhausen, F; Herz, U; Renz, H | 2,000 | The effects of repeated ozone exposures on the development of immune responses toward ovalbumin (OVA) were investigated in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Ozone exposures (180 to 500 &mgr;g/m(3); 4 h, three times/wk for 4 wk) were combined with a protocol of OVA-aerosol exposure (1% OVA). Immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity ... | 0 |
11,973 | Ozone dose-response effects of varied equivalent minute ventilation rates | Adams, WC | 2,000 | While it is well known that exercise minute ventilation (V(E)) results in greater pulmonary function and subjective symptoms (SS) responses upon exposure to a given ozone (O3) dose, the magnitude of V(E) increase to produce a significant forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0) response compared to that observed at a l... | 1 |
25,018 | A review of the current status of knowledge on dry deposition | Wesely, ML; Hicks, BB | 2,000 | Dry deposition can account for a large portion of the removal of trace chemicals from the troposphere. Resistance schemes used in modeling often perform quite well in daytime conditions over flat terrain. Model results for hilly or mountainous areas, however, are considerably less reliable than those for flat terrain. ... | 1 |
11,968 | Tempera-painted dosimeters for environmental indoor monitoring: a spectroscopic and chemometric approach | Bacci, M; Picollo, M; Porcinai, S; Radicati, B | 2,000 | The importance of minimizing the deterioration of works of art has stimulated the development of new methods for the monitoring and control of environmental parameters. The effect caused to paintings by the "global" indoor environment can be evaluated by using dosimeters that reproduce the pictorial structure of painti... | 0 |
87,796 | Aerosol optical depth over Europe in August 1997 derived from ATSR-2 data | Gonzalez, CR; Veefkind, JP; De Leeuw, G | 2,000 | Data from the Along Track Scanning Radiometer 2 (ATSR-2) on board the European ERS-2 satellite have been used to derive the spatial distribution of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Europe for August 1997. The AOD was retrieved in cloud-free areas using the dual view algorithm. The results agree with co-located grou... | 0 |
11,913 | Respiratory effects of seasonal exposures to ozone and particles | Kinney, PL; Lippmann, M | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Whereas human respiratory effects of brief ozone exposures are well documented, much less is known about the human health effects of mid- to long-term exposures. The authors' objective in this study was to determine whether lung function or respiratory symptom changes would occur... | 1 |
52,411 | Mid-latitude marine boundary-layer ozone destruction at visible sunrise observed at Cape Grim, Tasmania, 41"degrees"S | Galbally, IE; Bentley, ST; Meyer, CP | 2,000 | An analysis is made of 13 years of observations of ozone concentrations in the remote marine boundary layer at Cape Grim, Tasmania 41 degrees S. These data reveal a decrease in ozone concentration in the first few hours following sunrise at a rate of around 0.1 ppb h super(-) super(1) in mid-summer and in mid-winter. T... | 0 |
30,257 | Plant responses to changing carbon dioxide and temperature | Rowland-Bamford, AJ | 2,000 | null | 1 |
55,560 | Short term, direct indices of solar variability | Lean, JL | 2,000 | Indices of solar activity relevant for understanding and modelling solar irradiance variability are identified, and their temporal characteristics compared. Reproducing observed solar irradiance variability requires a minimum of two different types of indices--an index for irradiance depletion by sunspots and an index ... | 0 |
52,465 | Temporal variability in basal isoprene emission factor | Geron, C; Guenther, A; Sharkey, T; Arnts, RR | 2,000 | Seasonal variability in basal isoprene emission factor (Ag C g-1 h-1 or nmol m-2 s-1, leaf temperature at 30 degrees C and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at 1000 Amol m-2 s-1) was studied during the 1998 growing season at Duke Forest in the North Carolina Piedmont. Emissions from eight upper-canopy white oak... | 0 |
57,209 | An estimation of biological hazards due to solar radiation | Parisi, AV; Wong, JCF | 2,000 | A spectrum evaluator based on four different dosimeter materials has been employed to estimate the spectral irradiances of solar radiation for exposed humans. The result is used to calculate the biologically effective irradiance using the erythemal action spectrum and a fish melanoma action spectrum. Measurements are m... | 0 |
52,387 | The modeling of tropospheric methane: how well can point measurements be reproduced by a global model? | Houweling, S; Dentener, F; Lelieveld, J; Walter, B; Dlugokencky, E | 2,000 | Global model simulations of tropospheric methane are presented, using state of the art representations of its terrestrial sources. Parameters critical for its tropospheric sink and transport have been evaluated using CH3CCl3 and SF6. We assess how well available methane measurements can be reproduced by the model, and ... | 0 |
10,452 | Ozone and the lung: A sensitive issue | Mudway, IS; Kelly, FJ | 2,000 | Medical Research Council (UK); Wellcome Trust; Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries. Ozone is a powerful oxidant and toxic air pollutant. As a gaseous pollutant, its primary target tissue is the lung and breathing slightly elevated concentrations of ozone results in a range of respiratory symptoms. These include... | 1 |
11,989 | Induction of nuclear factor-kappa B by exposure to ozone and inhibition by glucocorticoids | Chung, KF; Adcock, IM | 2,000 | null | 0 |
11,612 | Nocturnal stomatal conductance and ambient air quality standards for ozone | Musselman, RC; Minnick, TJ | 2,000 | null | 1 |
30,146 | Interactive effects of O3 and CO2: implications for terrestrial ecosystems | Olszyk, DM; Tingey, DT; Watrud, L; Seidler, R; Andersen, C | 2,000 | INTRO.The atmosphere supplies plants with CO2 for carbon fixation, producing carbon-containing compounds for structure and function of cells: and O2 to oxidize these carbon compounds, producing cellular energy. Recently, human activities have produced increases in both CO2. and O3, a highly reactive form of O2. Ozone... | 0 |
80,084 | Incidence of skin cancer in 5356 patients following organ transplantation | Lindelof, B; Sigurgeirsson, B; Gabel, H; Stern, RS | 2,000 | Background Skin cancer following solid organ transplantation is an important cause of morbidity in long-term survivors. This risk is well known but imprecisely quantified. Objectives We aimed to determine: (i) the skin cancer risks in transplant patients more precisely; (ii) whether the risk of malignant melanoma is al... | 0 |
10,429 | High resolution spectroscopy to support atmospheric measurements | Benner, DC; Venkataraman, MD | 2,000 | The major research activities performed during the cooperative agreement enhanced our spectroscopic knowledge of molecules of atmospheric interest such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone, methane, and carbon monoxide, to name a few. Measurements were made using the NASA Langley Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer Syste... | 0 |
12,087 | High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of ozone-induced depletion of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants in murine skin | Weber, SU; Jothi, S; Thiele, JJ | 2,000 | The methods described allow detection of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants from minute samples of SC sticking to cellophane tapes. The major advantage of these methods is the fact that they are essentially noninvasive, as the SC, as a dead layer, is free of vasculature and nerve endings. Mice do not necessarily h... | 0 |
907 | Air quality criteria for carbon monoxide | null | 2,000 | Dated June 2000. Required under sections
108 and 109 of the Clean Air Act, the purpose of this document is to
provide an assessment of the latest, relevant scientific information
that may have an impact on the next periodic review of the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for carbon monoxide (CO). | 0 |
46,911 | Numerical investigation of the influence of mineral dust on the tropospheric chemistry of east Asia | Phadnis, MJ; Carmichael, GR | 2,000 | An investigation of the influence of mineral dust on trace gas cycles in the troposphere is carried out in this study. A 3D regional scale atmospheric chemistry model (STEM-III) which includes aerosol processes is used for the numerical simulations for May 1987. Heterogeneous interactions between gaseous species (SO2, ... | 0 |
52,406 | Photoformation of hydroxyl radical in sea-salt particles | Newberg, J; Williams, D; Chu, G; Matthew, B; Anastasio, C | 2,000 | The measurement of actinide levels is one of the primary responsibilities of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the acquisition of this information is essential for several purposes including environmental impact. For example, studies have been conducted to assess the impact of nuclear tests and the disposal of nuclear... | 0 |
57,246 | Protection given by sunscreens | Young, AR; Walker, SL | 2,000 | Sunscreens are effective at preventing sunburn (erythema) as indicated by their sun protection factor (SPF). Increasingly, sunscreens are expected to prevent skin cancer. Limited animal and human data support this expectation but an understanding of the relationship between SPF and the degree of protection from skin ca... | 0 |
25,002 | Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America | Guenther, A; Geron, C; Pierce, T; Lamb, B; Harley, P; Fall, R | 2,000 | National Science Foundation. #The magnitudes, distributions, controlling processes and uncertainties associated with North American natural emissions of oxidant precursors are reviewed. Natural emissions are responsible for a major portion of the compounds, including non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), carb... | 1 |
80,049 | Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of oxylipins in tomato: cloning and expression of allene oxide synthase and fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase | Howe, GA; Lee, GI; Itoh, A; Li, L; Derocher, A | 2,000 | Allene oxide synthase (AOS) and fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) are plant-specific cytochrome P450s that commit fatty acid hydroperoxides to different branches of oxylipin metabolism. Here we report the cloning and characterization of AOS (LeAOS) and HPL (LeHPL) cDNAs from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Functio... | 0 |
52,796 | Ozone impacts on allometry and root hydraulic conductance are not mediated by source limitation nor developmental age | Grantz, DA; Yang, S | 2,000 | O3could reduce growth and carbohydrate allocation to roots by direct inhibition of photosynthesis and source strength. Alternatively, O3 could reduce growth indirectly by inhibition of root hydraulic development through a primary lesion in carbohydrate translocation. Another alternative is that O3 could slow the rate o... | 0 |
53,511 | Chemical NOx budget in the upper troposphere over the tropical South Pacific | Schultz, MG; Jacob, DJ; Bradshaw, JD; Sandholm, ST; Dibb, JE; Talbot, RW; Singh, HB | 2,000 | The chemical NOx budget in the upper troposphere over the tropical South Pacific is analyzed using aircraft measurements made at 6-12 km altitude in September 1995 during the Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE) Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM) Tropics A campaign. Chemical loss and production rates of NOx along the ai... | 0 |
35,562 | Meteorological modeling for air quality assessments | Seaman, NL | 2,000 | #Meteorological fields are required inputs for air-quality models, but they can contain significant errors which contribute to uncertainties in simulations of airborne chemical species, aerosols and particulate matter. Atmospheric states can be diagnosed from observations or simulated by dynamical models (with or witho... | 1 |
54,031 | High spatial and temporal resolution measurements of primary organics and their oxidation products over the tropical forest of Surinam | Crutzen, PJ; Williams, J; Poschl, U; Hoor, P; Fischer, H; Warneke, C; Holzinger, R; Hansel, A; Lindinger, W; Scheeren, B; Lelieveld, J | 2,000 | Tropical forests with emissions greater than 1015 g C of reactive hydrocarbons per year strongly affect atmospheric chemistry. Here we report aircraft-borne measurements of organics during March 1998 in Surinam, a largely unpolluted region which is optimally located to study chemical processes induced by tropical fores... | 0 |
30,272 | Plant responses to elevated CO2 and interactions with O3 | Rudorff, BFT; Mulchi, CL; Lee, EH | 2,000 | null | 0 |
14,970 | Acute mild hypothermia caused by a low dose of X-irradiation induces a protective effect against mid-lethal doses of X-rays, and a low level concentration of ozone may act as a radiomimetic | Miyachi, Y | 2,000 | #Acute changes in core body temperature following exposure to a low dose of X-rays were assessed in unanaesthetized and unrestrained mice. Radiotelemetry techniques were used to monitor core body temperature continuously. Following exposure to a 20 cGy dose of X-rays, the mice displayed a rapid and significant reductio... | 0 |
1,035,119 | Microsatellite polymorphism in the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter is associated with susceptibility to emphysema | Yamada, N; Yamaya, M; Okinaga, S; Nakayama, K; Sekizawa, K; Shibahara, S; Sasaki, H | 2,000 | Cigarette smoke, containing reactive oxygen species, is the most important risk factor for chronic pulmonary emphysema (CPE). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a protective role as an antioxidant in the lung. A (GT)n dinucleotide repeat in the 5'-flanking region of human HO-1 gene shows length polymorphism and could modula... | 0 |
630,279 | Water vapor feedback and global warming | Held, IM; Soden, BJ | 2,000 | Water vapor is the dominant greenhouse gas, the most important gaseous source of infrared opacity in the atmosphere. As the concentrations of other greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, increase because of human activity, it is centrally important to predict how the water vapor distribution will be affected. T... | 1 |
16,195 | Cyclooxygenase-2 participates in the late phase of airway hyperresponsiveness after ozone exposure in guinea pigs | Nakano, H; Aizawa, H; Matsumoto, K; Fukuyama, S; Inoue, H; Hara, N | 2,000 | #We examined the role of cyclooxygenase in airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation after ozone exposure in guinea pigs using a non-selective (indomethacin) and a selective (JTE-522) cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Spontaneously breathing guinea pigs were exposed to ozone (3 ppm) for 2 h after treatment with vehicle, in... | 0 |
36,398 | Patterns of molecular genetic variation in Plantago major and P intermedia in relation to ozone resistance | Wolff, K; Morgan-Richards, M; Davison, AW | 2,000 | Patterns of molecular genetic variation were examined in seed collections of Plantago major and Plantago intermedia, used previously to investigate the variations in ozone (O(3)) resistance of these species across Europe. Total genomic DNA was amplified with random primers (random amplied polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and int... | 0 |
54,072 | Ion chemistry for the detection of isoprene and other volatile organic compounds in ambient air | Leibrock, E; Huey, LG | 2,000 | A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) and a flowing afterglow apparatus were used to study reactions of benzene cations (C6H6+ and (C6H6)2+ with a series of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Both cations react at the collision rate with compounds of lower ionization potential than benzene, such as isoprene (C... | 0 |
11,624 | The gas phase reaction of ozone with 1,3-butadiene: formation yields of some toxic products | Kramp, F; Paulson, SE | 2,000 | The formation yields of acrolein, 1,2-epoxy-3-butene and OH radicals have been measured from reaction of ozone with 1,3-butadiene at room temperature and atmosphere pressure. 1,3,5-Trimethyl benzene was added to scavenge OH radicals in measurements of product yields. In separate experiments, small quantities of 1,3,5-t... | 0 |
52,830 | Transport and action of ascorbate at the plant plasma membrane | Horemans, N; Foyer, CH; Asard, H | 2,000 | The plasmalemma is both a bridge and a barrier between the cytoplasm and the outside world. It is a dynamic interface that perceives and transmits information concerning changes in the environment to the nucleus to modify gene expression. In plants, ascorbate is an essential part of this dialogue. The concentration and... | 0 |
54,085 | Nitrogen deposition to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the importance of south-easterly flow | Spokes, LJ; Yeatman, SG; Cornell, SE; Jickells, TD | 2,000 | ABSTRACT Converting measured concentrations into fluxes and using estimates of biological productivity in the coastal waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean enables us to determine the role of the atmosphere as a source of biologically essential species, including nitrate and ammonium, to the marine biota. To understan... | 0 |
89,432 | Henry's Law constants of some "beta"-, "gamma"-, and "delta"-hydroxy alkyl nitrates of atmospheric interest | Treves, K; Shragina, L; Rudich, Y | 2,000 | #Organic nitrates form via the photodegradation of hydrocarbons in the troposphere in the presence of NO and NO2. This process competes with the chemical cycle leading to ozone production since it sequesters both nitrogen oxides and organic radicals. Hydroxy nitrates form via the atmospheric reactions of alkanes and al... | 0 |
48,365 | Reactivity estimates for aromatic compounds. Part 2. Uncertainty in incremental reactivities | Wang, L; Milford, JB; Carter, WPL | 2,000 | Incremental reactivity estimates for aromatic compounds have been considered highly uncertain due to gaps in understanding the reaction mechanism for their atmospheric oxidation. In this study, uncertainties in the parameters of the SAPRC-97 chemical mechanism, including uncertainties in aromatic mechanism parameters e... | 0 |
48,341 | Incorporation of detailed chemistry into a three-dimensional Lagrangian-Eulerian hybrid model: Application to regional tropospheric ozone | Stein, AF; Lamb, D; Draxler, RR | 2,000 | During the last 20 years a variety of models have been developed to study the transport, transformation and deposition of pollutants on the regional scale. Different levels of complexity have been considered to depict these phenomena. The representation of the chemical transformations has been one of the most challengi... | 0 |
13,052 | Mitochondria, oxygen free radicals, disease and ageing | Raha, S; Robinson, BH | 2,000 | Superoxide is generated by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The transformation of this superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and, under certain conditions, then into hydroxyl radicals is important in diseases where respiratory chain function is abnormal or where superoxide dismutase function is altered, as in amyotroph... | 0 |
16,881 | Ozone stress and changes below-ground: linking root and soil processes | Andersen, CP | 2,000 | null | 0 |
19,189 | Examining impacts of visibility and PM strategies before implementation | Middleton, P; Laulainen, N | 2,000 | One of the major challenges facing the world today is defining paths to sustainable futures. Part of the challenge is developing a national energy strategy that promotes an adequate energy supply for the United States, while enhancing environmental quality and maintaining U.S. competitiveness in the world economy. To a... | 0 |
47,825 | Marine/coastal boundary layer and vertical structure of ozone observed at a coastal site in Nova Scotia during the 1996 NARSTO-CE field campaign | Gong, W; Mickle, RE; Bottenheim, FF; Beauchamp, S; Waugh, D | 2,000 | Vertical profiles of ozone and meteorological parameters were analysed to investigate and characterise the vertical structure of a marine/coastal boundary layer and its impact on the transport affecting ground-level ozone in the Canadian southern Atlantic region. Most of the data used in this analysis are from a ser... | 0 |
47,038 | Outdoor air pollution | Ackermann-Liebrich, U | 2,000 | null | 0 |
21,935 | Contact resistance changes of silver, silver alloys, and gold plated silver coupons exposed to ozone | Aukland, NR; Hardee, HC; Hessefort, S; Miller, JP | 2,000 | The goal of this research program was to establish the effects of ozone on logic level switching performance and to select materials that would enhance the performance of these switches in the presence of ozone. Initially, four different material systems were examined through a series of experiments using a computer-co... | 0 |
15,443 | Environmental factors and allergic airway diseases | Antico, A | 2,000 | A number of epidemiological studies show that in the last few decades, all over Europe, there has been a growing increase in allergic respiratory disease, which affects between 15 to 30% of the population. There is compelling evidence that this rise in allergic illnesses depends mainly on the type of the environmental ... | 0 |
42,517 | Does elevated ozone have differing effects in flowering and deblossomed strawberry? | Drogoudi, PD; Ashmore, MR | 2,000 | Fruiting and deblossomed plants of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) were exposed to 92 ppb ozone or filtered air in open-top chambers for 69 d. Flower and fruit production, relative growth rate of leaf area, leaf gas exchange and plant biomass were investigated. Ozone caused an initial acceleration in inflorescence pro... | 1 |
10,450 | Exacerbations of COPD: environmental mechanisms | Macnee, W; Donaldson, K | 2,000 | Air pollution as a trigger for exacerbations of COPD has been recognized for > 50 years, and has led to the development of air quality standards in many countries that substantially decreased the levels of air pollutants derived from the burning of fossil fuels, such as black smoke and sulfur dioxide. However, the rece... | 0 |
46,414 | Mobility of dichloroethyl radicals sorbed in kaolin and silica: a potential model of heterogeneous atmospheric processes | Rhodes, CJ; Dintinger, TC; Reid, ID; Scott, CA | 2,000 | An activation energy of 10.6 ? 1.4 kJ mol-1 was determined for the reorientational diffusion of 1,1-dichloroethyl radicals sorbed in silica gel by transverse-field muon spin rotation (TF-MuSR) spectroscopy, and was confirmed by longitudinal-field muon spin relaxation (LF-MuSRx) measurements, which gave a value of 10.9 ... | 0 |
48,347 | Meteorology for scientists and engineers: A technical companion book with Ahrens' Meteorology Today | Stull, R | 2,000 | null | 0 |
87,673 | Combining statistical and computer models for health risk assessment (exposure analysis) | Zidek, JV; Meloche, J; Le, ND; Sun, L | 2,000 | null | 0 |
55,035 | The influence of changing UVB radiation in near-surface ozone time series | Bronnimann, S; Voight, S; Wanner, H | 2,000 | UVB radiation plays an important role in tropospheric photochemistry since it determines the rate of ozone photolysis J(01D) and subsequent formation of OH radicals. Consequently, changes of UVB radiation, for example due to changes of the stratospheric ozone amount, could alter the concentration of reactive tropospher... | 0 |
44,217 | Chronic passive cigarette smoke exposure augments bronchopulmonary C-fibre inputs to nucleus tractus solitarii neurones and reflex output in young guinea-pigs | Mutoh, T; Joad, JP; Bonham, AC | 2,000 | Children chronically exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (passive cigarette smoke) have more wheeze, cough, bronchoconstriction, airway hyper-reactivity and mucous secretion, which may result, in part, from stimulation of the vagal bronchopulmonary C-fibre reflex.
2.Environmental tobacco smoke increases the sensiti... | 0 |
2,315 | Causality and temporality in the study of short-term effects of air pollution on health | Campbell, MJ; Tobias, A | 2,000 | BACKGROUND. The relationship between air pollution and health is usually analysed by time series analysis. However, temporality (i.e. looking to see whether the cause precedes the effect) is rarely examined in detail. METHOD. Models were fitted to daily levels of black smoke, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone an... | 0 |
16,175 | Morphofunctional changes in the placenta after ozone therapy | Andikyan, VM; Voloshchuk, IN; Kovganko, PA; Clemente, JM | 2,000 | Macro- and microscopic aspects in the morphology of placenta after ozone therapy were studied in pregnant women with placental insufficiency and the results were compared with the control group. In the main group, the placentas were smaller and weighed less. After ozone therapy enlargement of terminal villi with true s... | 0 |
52,343 | Emissions of ozone precursors from stationary sources: A critical review | Placet, M; Mann, CO; Gilbert, RO; Niefer, MJ | 2,000 | This paper discusses and critiques methods used to estimate emissions of, and create both aggregate and detailed modeling inventories for, nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and carbon monoxide (CO), the main pollutants involved in ozone formation. Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and methods to p... | 0 |
13,056 | Incidence of skin tumours and state of the stratospheric ozone layer in the Czech Republic | Silhanova, B; Bartova, J | 2,000 | At present the imminent risk associated with the observed diminution of the stratospheric ozone layer called for increased attention of specialists and the lay public. In particular the increased permeability of the thus impaired atmosphere for UV radiation and its adverse biological effect on living organisms and the ... | 0 |
13,053 | Early molecular and cellular events of oxidant-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats | Ishii, Y; Hirano, K; Morishima, Y; Masuyama, K; Goto, Y; Nomura, A; Sakamoto, T; Uchida, Y; Sagai, M; Sekizawa, K | 2,000 | To evaluate the early molecular events of oxidant-induced pulmonary fibrosis, rats were continuously exposed to 0.4 ppm ozone and 7 ppm nitrogen dioxide. The early responses to the combined gases could be divided into three phases. Acute pulmonary inflammation indicated by an increase in pulmonary edema as well as an i... | 0 |
48,321 | Ozone production efficiency and loss of NOx in power plant plumes: Photochemical model and interpretation of measurements in Tennessee | Sillman, S | 2,000 | A model for photochemical evolution in power plants has been developed and used in combination with measurements to investigate ozone production efficiency (OPE) per NOx and the rate of photochemical removal of NOx. The model is a two-dimensional (2-D) Lagrangian model with 1 km horizontal resolution and vertical resol... | 0 |
52,888 | Ascorbate in the leaf apoplast is a factor mediating ozone resistance in Plantago major | Zheng, Y; Lyons, T; Ollerenshaw, JH; Barnes, JD | 2,000 | The role of ascorbate in mediating ozone resistance was examined in Plantago major L. Seedlings of eleven populations which exhibited differential resistance to ozone were fumigated in controlled environment chambers with charcoal/Purafil<-filtered air (CFA) or CFA plus 15 nmolAmolu1 ozone overnight rising to a maximum... | 0 |
26,668 | Crop ecosystem responses to climatic change: interactive effects of ozone, ultraviolet-B radiation, sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide on crops | Groth, JV; Krupa, SV | 2,000 | FIRST PARAGRAPH. Any observed or predicted changes in the global climate are of utmost international concern (Houghton et al., 1990, 1996). Such alterations in our climate are governed by a complex system of atmospheric processes and their products (Runeckles and Krupa, 1994). In the context of crop production, relevan... | 0 |
13,032 | Human forcing of climate change easing up on the gas pedal | Cicerone, RJ | 2,000 | null | 0 |
195,281 | Application of surface techniques to study oxide growth processes | Graham, MJ | 2,000 | Surface-analytical techniques are useful to characterize oxide films and to study oxide growth processes on metals and semiconductors. This paper will summarize work at NRC on the high-temperature oxidation of both FeCrAl alloys and silicon, as well as the thermal and UV ozone oxidation of III-V semiconductors. In thes... | 0 |
11,437 | Estimating the mortality impacts of particulate matter: what can be learned from between-study variability? | Levy, JI; Hammitt, JK; Spengler, JD | 2,000 | Owens Corning; KST-Hokkaido. #Epidemiologic studies of the link between particulate matter (PM) concentrations and mortality rates have yielded a range of estimates, leading to disagreement about the magnitude of the relationship and the strength of the causal connection. Previous meta-analyses of this literature have ... | 0 |
10,421 | An intervention analysis of air quality data at Santiago, Chile | Jorquera, H; Palma, W; Tapia, J | 2,000 | FONDECYT. #Air quality data at Santiago, Chile (PM10, PM2.5 and ozone) from 1989 to 1998 are analyzed with the goal of estimating trends in and impacts of public policies on air quality levels. Those policies, in effect since the late 1980s, have been essentially aimed at PM10 pollution abatement. The analyses show th... | 0 |
15,087 | Ozone potentiates vitamin E depletion by ultraviolet radiation in the murine stratum corneum | Valacchi, G; Weber, SU; Luu, C; Cross, CE; Packer, L | 2,000 | #As the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum is exposed to environmental oxidants. To investigate putative synergisms of environmental oxidative stressors in stratum corneum, hairless mice were exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) and ozone (O3) alone and in combination. Whereas a significant depletion of ... | 0 |
17,133 | An aggregation and episode selection scheme for EPA's models-3 CMAQ | Eder, BK; Cohn, RD; LeDuc, SK; Dennis, RL | 2,000 | The objective of this research was to develop a new aggregation approach and set of events to support seasonal and annual CMAQ-based distributional estimates of air concentrations and deposition of tropospheric ozone, acidic deposition, visibility and particulate matter over the continental domain. The primary strategy... | 0 |
794 | Bronchial epithelium as a key regulator of airway allergen sensitization and remodeling in asthma | Holgate, ST; Lacki, P; Wilson, S; Roche, W; Davies, D | 2,000 | N/A. | 0 |
13,092 | Characterization of ozone emissions from air cleaners equipped with ozone generators and sensor and feedback control circuitry | Mason, MA; Sparks, LE; Moore, SA; Dolgov, I; Perry, RB | 2,000 | The paper gives results of a characterization of ozone emissions from air cleaners equipped with ozone generators and sensor and feedback control circuitry. Ozone emission rates of several consumer appliances, marketed as indoor air treatment or air purification systems, were determined in a well-characterized 30-cubic... | 0 |
35,238 | Pflanzentoxische organische shadstoffe und enzymatische reaktionen in fichten emittentenferner walstandorte osterreichs [Phytotoxic organic pollutants and enzymatic reactions in spruce needles of remote Austrian forest sites] | Weiss, P; Schroder, P; Messner, B | 2,000 | null | 0 |
42,323 | The mechanism of exercise-induced asthma is | Anderson, SD; Daviskas, E | 2,000 | Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) refers to the transient narrowing of the airways that follows vigorous exercise. The mechanism whereby EIA occurs is thought to relate to the consequences of heating and humidifying large volumes of air during exercise. In 1978 airway cooling was identified as an important stimulus for EIA... | 0 |
55,532 | The use of calibrated passive monitors to assess crop loss due to ozone in rural locations | Runeckles, VC; Bowen, PA | 2,000 | INTRODUCTION Networks of passive monitoring devices have been and continue to be used in many studies throughout the world to provide information about ambient air quality. Their simplicity makes them admirably suited both to their use in regions where the lack of readily available electrical power restricts the us... | 0 |
53,466 | Development and intercalibration of ultraviolet solar actinometers | Jankowski, JJ; Kieber, DJ; Mopper, K; Neale, PJ | 2,000 | ABSTRACT Ultraviolet (UV) sunlight actinometers were developed based on the photolysis of nitrate and nitrite. Photon exposures (i.e. time-integrated irradiances) were quantified from the photochemical production of salicylic acid (SA)or p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) formed by the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with ... | 0 |
53,026 | Effects of ethylene diurea as a protective antiozonant on beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv lit) exposed to different tropospheric ozone doses in Catalonia (NE Spain) | Ribas, A; Penuelas, J | 2,000 | A study to evaluate the effects of ethylene diurea (EDU) as a protective antiozonant for beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) submitted to different ambient ozone concentrations was performed in three stations of the rural Network for Air Quality Monitoring (Catalonia, NE Spain). The highest ozone concentrations were accompanied... | 0 |
26,354 | Identification of non-linear influences on the seasonal ozone dose-response of sensitive and resistant clover clones using artificial neural networks | Ball, GR; Palmer-Brown, D; Fuhrer, J; Skarby, L; Gimeno, BS; Mills, G | 2,000 | Ozone is a commonly occurring pollutant that has a large impact on the yield of agricultural crops. The dose-response of crops in the field is complex, with influences from numerous biotic and abiotic factors, including microclimatic variables. This paper presents results of a number of analysis methods of artificial n... | 1 |
13,024 | The revision of the air quality legislation in the European union related to ground-level ozone | Amann, M; Lutz, M | 2,000 | Complying with the obligation in the current ozone directive, the European Commission came forward in 1999 with a strategy to combat tropospheric ozone together with a proposed revision of the air quality legislation for this pollutant. As a daughter legislation under the 1996 Framework Directive on Air Quality, the pr... | 0 |
10,281 | Pulmonary inflammatory response to inhaled ultrafine particles is modified by age, ozone exposure, and bacterial toxin | Elder, ACP; Gelein, R; Finkelstein, JN; Cox, C; Oberdorster, G | 2,000 | Epidemiological studies demonstrate associations between increasing levels of ambient particles and morbidity in the elderly with cardiopulmonary disease. Such findings have been challenged partly because particles may not act alone to cause these effects. We hypothesized that carbonaceous ambient ultra fine particles ... | 0 |
99,998 | A vertebrate globin expressed in the brain | Burmester, T; Weich, B; Reinhardt, S; Hankeln, T | 2,000 | Haemoglobins and myoglobins constitute related protein families that function in oxygen transport and storage in humans and other vertebrates. Here we report the identification of a third globin type in man and mouse. This protein is predominantly expressed in the brain, and therefore we have called it neuroglobin. Mou... | 0 |
13,054 | Environmental and genetic risk factors and gene-environmental interactions in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive lung disease | Walter, R; Gottlieb, DJ; O'Connor, GT | 2,000 | #Current understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a source of substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States, suggests that chronic inflammation leads to the airways obstruction and parenchymal destruction that characterize this condition. Environmental factors, espec... | 0 |
16,236 | Ozone-surface interactions: investigations of mechanisms, kinetics, mass transport, and implications for indoor air quality | Morrison, GC | 2,000 | null | 0 |
48,390 | Response of the climatic temperature to dust forcing, inferred from total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) aerosol index and the NASA assimilation model | Alpert, P; Herman, J; Kaufman, YJ; Carmona, I; Khain, A; Levin, Z; Walko Reds | 2,000 | #Recently, Alpert et al. (Alpert, P., Shay-El, Y., Kaufman, Y.J., Tanre, D., DaSilva, A., Schubert, S., Joseph, J.H., 1998. Quantification of dust-forced heating of the lower troposphere, Nature 395 (6700), 367-370, (24 September).) suggested an indirect measure of the tropospheric temperature response to dust aerosols... | 0 |
16,182 | Pulmonary surfactant proteins A and D are potent endogenous inhibitors of lipid peroxidation and oxidative cellular injury | Bridges, JP; Davis, HW; Demodarasamy, M; Kuroki, Y; Howles, G; Hui, DY; Mccormack, FX | 2,000 | The lung is composed of a series of branching conducting airways that terminate in grape-like clusters of delicate gas-exchanging airspaces called pulmonary alveoli. Maintenance of alveolar patency at end expiration requires pulmonary surfactant, a mixture of phospholipids and proteins that coats the epithelial surface... | 0 |
47,078 | The reactivity of NO2 and HONO on flame soot at ambient temperature: the influence of combustion conditions | Stadler, D; Rossi, MJ | 2,000 | The heterogeneous interaction of NO2 on decane and hexane soot generated in the laboratory was examined in a Knudsen reactor. Two different types of soot were produced using both fuels: Soot originating from a rich flame at a high fuel/oxygen ratio ('grey' soot) and soot generated from a lean flame at a low fuel/oxygen... | 0 |
92,945 | Nitrogen plays a major role in leaves when source-sink relations change: C and N metabolism in Lolium perenne growing under free air CO2 enrichment | Isopp, H; Frehner, M; Almeida, JPF; Blum, H; Daepp, M; Hartwig, UA; Luscher, A; Suter, S; Nosberger, J | 2,000 | Swards of Lolium perenne cv. Bastion were grown in the field in a long-term free air CO SUB 2 enrichment (FACE) facility near Zurich, Switzerland. The swards were established in 1993. The CO SUB 2 treatment was combined with 2 levels of N fertilization (14 and 56 g N/msup 2 per year) and regular defoliation (5 times pe... | 0 |
13,020 | Synthesis of inflammatory signal transduction species formed during ozonation and/or peroxidation of tissue lipids | Squadrito, GL; Salgo, MG; Fronczek, FR; Pryor, WA | 2,000 | Lipid peroxidation and ozonation produce oxidized lipids that are bioactive and can act as signal transducers. The synthesis and isolation of these oxidized lipid products in pure form will allow the testing of hypotheses regarding their role as potential relay molecules. Of special interest are oxidized lipids derived... | 0 |
53,936 | Unidentified interference in DOAS measurements of ozone | Reisinger, AR | 2,000 | A differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system was designed and operated in Christchurch, New Zealand, during the winter of 1997. We report the detection of an unidentified absorber in the 279 to 289 nm spectral region, which is used by many commercial DOAS systems for the measurement of atmospheric ozone... | 1 |
12,007 | Ebselen decreases ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation in rats | Ishii, Y; Hashimoto, K; Hirano, K; Morishima, Y; Mochizuki, M; Masuyama, K; Nomura, A; Sakamoto, T; Uchida, Y; Sagai, M; Sekizawa, K | 2,000 | We studied the effects of ebselen on rat lung inflammatory responses against ozone exposure. Rats were treated with ebselen every 12 h from 1 h before a single 4-h exposure to 2 ppm ozone. Treatment with ebselen (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased pulmonary inflammation as indicated by the albumin concentration and the ... | 0 |
6,079 | Effect of emissions control on the long-term frequency distribution of regional ozone concentrations | Winner, DA; Cass, GR | 2,000 | Caltech Center for Air quality Analysis; U.S. Air Force. #Photochemical airshed models that simulate the pollutant transport and atmospheric chemical reaction processes leading to ozone formation now can be exercised for years at a time, permitting a thorough evaluation of the extent to which urban and regional ozone ... | 0 |
10,436 | Respiratory diseases in children and outdoor air pollution in Sao Paulo, Brazil: a time series analysis | Gouveia, N; Fletcher, T | 2,000 | Brazilian Research Council. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the short term effects of air pollution on the respiratory morbidity of children living in Sao Paulo, Brazil, one of the largest cities in the developing world. METHODS: Daily counts of hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases along with daily levels of mete... | 0 |
10,268 | Assessing confounding, effect modification, and thresholds in the association between ambient particles and daily deaths | Schwartz, J | 2,000 | I examined the relationship between daily deaths and airborne particles in 10 U.S. cities with varying climatic conditions and seasons in which particle concentrations were high. Airborne particles were associated with significant increases in daily deaths [0.67% increase for a 10 "mu"g/m3 increasein particles; 95% con... | 0 |
4,566 | Do urban environmental pollutants exacerbate childhood lung diseases? | Plopper, CG; Fanucchi, MV | 2,000 | #1st PARAGRAPH: Childhood lung diseases in the United States are on the rise. This is especially true for chronic respiratory diseases such as allergic asthma, where the incidence among children in polluted inner cities has reached epidemic proportions. We believe that the recent marked increase in the incidence of chi... | 0 |
26,420 | Influence of carbon dioxide enrichment, ozone and nitrogen fertilization on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) leaf and root composition | Booker, FL | 2,000 | The objective of this study was to test whether elevated [CO2], [O3] and nitrogen (N) fertility altered leaf mass per area (LMPA), non-structural carbohydrate (TNC), N, lignin (LTGA) and proanthocyanidin (PA) concentrations in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves and roots. Cotton was grown in 14 dm3 pots with either ... | 0 |
91,878 | Microbial enzyme shifts explain litter decay responses to simulated nitrogen deposition | Carreiro, MM; Sinsabaugh, RL; Repert, DA; Parkhurst, DF | 2,000 | Some natural ecosystems near industrialized and agricultural areas receive atmospheric nitrogen inputs that are an order of magnitude greater than those presumed for preindustrial times. Because nitrogen (N) often limits microbial growth on dead vegetation, increased N input can be expected to affect the ecosystem proc... | 0 |
12,660 | Occupational asthma: a review | Lombardo, LJ; Balmes, JR | 2,000 | Occupational asthma is the most common form of occupational lung disease in the developed world at the present time. In this review, the epidemiology, pathogenesis/mechanisms, clinical presentations, management, and prevention of occupational asthma are discussed. The population attributable risk of asthma due to occup... | 0 |
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