REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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12,155 | Exposure to methyl tert-butyl ether in oxygenated fuels: what are the health policy lessons? | Goldstein, BD; Erdal, S | 1,999 | The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) mandated that oxygenates be added either seasonally or year-around to gasoline in specific parts of the United States where concentrations of carbon monoxide in the winter and ozone in the summer or exceed the irrespective National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The oxyg... | 0 |
48,965 | Photochemical oxidants: state of science | Kley, D; Kleinmann, M; Sanderman, H; Krupa, S | 1,999 | Atmospheric photochemical processes resulting in the production of tropospheric ozone (O3) and other oxidants are described. The spatial and temporal variabilities in the occurrence of surface level oxidants and their relationships to air pollution meteorology are discussed. Models of photooxidant formation are reviewe... | 0 |
25,045 | Carbonaceous particle hydration | Chughtai, AR; Williams, GR; Atteya, MMO; Miller, NJ; Smith, DM | 1,999 | Microgravimetric measurements of the hydration of several different black carbons or soots and a series of commercial carbon blacks have been carried out, over a relative humidity range of 20-85%, in an extension of earlier work with the model n-hexane soot. All adsorption isotherms are of type III and were analyzed by... | 0 |
52,742 | Effects of ozone on apoplast/cytoplasm partitioning of ascorbic acid in snap bean | Burkey, KO | 1,999 | Apoplast/cytoplasm partitioning of ascorbic acid (AA) was examined in four genotypes of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) known to differ in ozone sensitivity. Plants were grown in pots under field conditions using open-top chambers to establish charcoal-filtered (CF) air (36 nmol mol1 ozone) or elevated ozone (77 nmol... | 0 |
86,921 | Effects of ambient air pollution on nonelderly asthma hospital admissions in Seattle, Washington, 1987-1994 | Sheppard, L; Levy, D; Norris, G; Larson, TV; Koenig, JQ | 1,999 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #As part of the Clean Air Act, Congress has directed EPA to set air quality standards to protect sensitive population groups from air pollutants in the ambient environment. People with asthma represent one such group. We undertook a study of the relation between measured ambient ai... | 0 |
52,819 | Subcellular localization of ozone-induced hydrogen peroxide production in birch (Betula pendula) leaf cells | Pellinen, R; Palva, T; Kangasjavi, J | 1,999 | The atmospheric air pollutant ozone (O(3)) is one of the environmental stresses that induce formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. Previously, the toxicity of O(3) has been believed to be a result of ROS formation from O(3)-degradation. Recently, however, it has been shown that O(3) induces active ROS pr... | 0 |
40,377 | The role of allergy in the development of asthma | Holt, PG; Macaubas, C; Stumbles, PA; Sly, PD | 1,999 | Recent studies have shown that initial sensitization to airborne environmental allergens occurs typically in early childhood, but subsequent progression to persistent atopic asthma, which may not manifest for several years, is restricted to only a subset of atopics. The key to establishing the link between atopy and as... | 0 |
4,278 | Ozone effects on airway responsiveness, lung injury, and inflammation Comparative rat strain and in vivo/in vitro investigations | Dye, JA; Madden, MC; Richards, JH; Lehmann, JR; Devlin, RB; Costa, DL | 1,999 | Asthmatic individuals appear to be particularly sensitive to the effects of certain air pollutants--including ozone (03), an oxidant ambient air pollutant--for reasons that are poorly understood. The general purpose of these studies, therefore, was to expand and improve upon toxicologic methods for assessing ozone-indu... | 0 |
15,010 | Induction of inflammatory mediators in human airway epithelial cells by lipid ozonation products | Kafoury, RM; Pryor, WA; Squadrito, GL; Salgo, MG; Zou, X; Friedman, M | 1,999 | We have proposed that exposure of epithelial cell membrane lipids in the lung (mainly phospholipids) to ozone will generate lipid ozonation products (LOP), which could be responsible for the proinflammatory effects of ozone. The ozonation of phosphocholine, the principal membrane phospholipid, produces a limited number... | 0 |
30,101 | The effects of climatic variation in Europe on the yield response of spring wheat cv Minaret to elevated CO2 and O3: an analysis of open-top chamber experiments by means of two crop growth simulation models | Van Oijen, M; Ewart, F | 1,999 | #In the ESPACE-Wheat programme, 25 open-top chamber experiments were carried out in 1994, 1995 and 1996, on nine locations, divided over eight European countries. In most experiments, spring wheat cv. Minaret was subjected to two levels of atmospheric CO2 and two levels of ozone. Grain yields in the control treatments ... | 0 |
33,568 | Healthy women's PEF variations with ambient summer concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO42-, H+, and O3 | Naeher, LP; Holford, TR; Beckett, WS; Belanger, K; Triche, EW; Bracken, MB; Leaderer, BP | 1,999 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #The relationship between ambient air pollution and daily change in peak expiratory flow (PEF) was studied in a sample of 473 nonsmoking women (age 19 to 43 yr) in Virginia over summers 1995-1996. Daily 24-h averages of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10 ), fine part... | 1 |
40,766 | Interspecies differences in time course of pulmonary toxicity following repeated exposure to ozone | Dormans, JAMA; Van Bree, L; Boere, AJF; Marra, M; Rombout, PJA | 1,999 | To compare the extent and time course of pulmonary injury and repair in 3 rodent species, rats, mice and guinea pigs were continuously exposed for 3, 7, 28, and 56 days to 400 and 800 microg O3/m(3) (0.2 and 0.4 ppm). Recovery from 28 days of exposure was studied at 3, 7, and 28 days after exposure. Pulmonary injury an... | 1 |
36,321 | Inhibition of flowering and reproductive success in spreading dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) by exposure to ambient ozone | Bergweiler, CJ; Manning, WJ | 1,999 | Ground-level ozone continues to be a cause for concern in terrestrial ecosystems in the northeastern United States and Canada. Spreading dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium L.) is one of many indigenous herbaceous plant species exhibiting foliar injury that are commonly monitored in ecosystem assessment programs. Detail... | 1 |
11,463 | Does ozone have any effect on daily hospital admissions for circulatory diseases? | Wong, CM; Ma, S; Hedley AJ; Lam, TH | 1,999 | Ozone is a known toxin to human health. However, studies using daily hospital admission data have shown that it is related to respiratory diseases but not to circulatory diseases, with one exception that showed an effect on ischaemic heart disease.[1] In Hong Kong, concentrations of ozone have increased more than 80% i... | 1 |
13,102 | Ozone-induced lung injury: role of protein oxidation | Kelly, FJ | 1,999 | Ozone is one of the most toxic air pollutants we are exposed to. As a "fair weather" pollutant, ozone formation requires a combination of anticyclonic weather with lots of sunlight, together with emissions of hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen. During spring and summer, in late morning and early afternoon, these inter... | 0 |
12,283 | Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1996 | Adams, PF; Hendershot, GE; Marano, MA | 1,999 | Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics. Presents data on national estimates of the incidence of acute conditions, percent of medically attended acute conditions, number of disability days, number of episodes of persons injured and associated activity restriction, prevalence of selected chron... | 0 |
4,595 | How ecosystems respond to stress: Common properties of arid and aquatic systems | Rapport, DJ; Whitford, WG | 1,999 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #The effects of stress were examined in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin, North America, North American desert grasslands and in the Kyronjoki river and estuary, Finland. The common stress pressures that these ecosystems are exposed to include physical restructuring (land use chang... | 0 |
57,218 | OH and HO2 chemistry in the North Atlantic free troposphere | Brune, WH; Tan, D; Faloona, IF; Jaegle, L; Jacob, DJ; Heikes, BG; Snow, J; Kondo, Y; Shetter, R; Sachse, GW; Anderson, B; Gregory, GL; Vay, S; Singh, HB; Davis, DD; Crawford, JH; Blake, DR | 1,999 | Interactions between atmospheric hydrogen oxides and aircraft nitrogen oxides determine the impact of aircraft exhaust on atmospheric chemistry. To study these interactions, the Subsonic Assessment: Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment (SONEX) assembled the most complete measurement complement to date for studying HOx (... | 0 |
57,489 | Vitamin D and breast cancer risk: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, 1971-1975 to 1992 | John, EM; Schwartz, GG; Dreon, DM; Koo, J | 1,999 | We analyzed data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study to test the hypothesis that vitamin D from sunlight exposure, diet, and supplements reduces the risk of breast cancer. We identified 190 women with incident breast cancer from a cohort of 5009 white women who ... | 0 |
12,066 | Limited changes in handedness and morphine reactivity in CD-1 mice after pre- and postnatal ozone exposure | Petruzzi, S; De Acetis, L; Chiarotti, F; Sorace, A; Alleva, E | 1,999 | Outbred CD 1 mice were either not exposed (control group) or exposed to ozone (O3) (0.3, 0.6, or 0.9 ppm), during foetal and neonatal life until the time of weaning (postnatal day (PND) 26). On PND 70 the subjects were tested for handedness using a paw preference task assessing both the animals' capability to reach a f... | 1 |
12,072 | Cerebellar morphological alterations in rats induced by prenatal ozone exposure | Rivas-Manzano, P; Paz, C | 1,999 | The present study analyzes the morphological aspects of the cerebellum of rats with prenatal exposure to ozone. A double blind histological and planimetric analysis was performed studying sagittal sections of the anterior cerebellar lobe at postnatal days 0, 12 and 60. Ozone exposed rats showed cerebellar necrotic sign... | 1 |
11,212 | Revision de los trabajos originales que analizan los efectos de la contaminacion atmosferica en la mortalidad, 1994-1998 (Review of original papers analyzing the impact of air pollution on the mortality, 1994-1998) | Tenias Burillo, JM; Ballester Diez, F; Medina, S; Daponte Codina, A | 1,999 | The different studies published and indexed in Medline and in the Spanish Medical Index (IME) from 1984 up to 1998 (IME: 1971-1996) are reviewed.
To start with, an assessment was made of the number of publications put out which have to do with the impact of pollution on human health as well as the percentage thereof wh... | 0 |
11,174 | Characteristics of ozone in the Baltimore-Washington area as established from one-hour average concentrations | Vukovich, FM; Wayland, R; Sherwell, J | 1,999 | null | 0 |
1,125 | The cost of asthma in the emergency department and hospital | Stanford, R; McLaughlin, T; Okamoto, LJ | 1,999 | Treatment of asthma in the emergency department (ED) or hospital accounts for a significant portion of total treatment costs; however, little is known about the specific resources consumed. The purpose of this study was to estimate the type and amount of resources consumed for an asthma event requiring ED visit and/or ... | 0 |
28,270 | Predictive modeling of effects under global change | Kickert, RN; Tonella, G; Simonov, A; Krupa, SV | 1,999 | The status of computer simulation models from around the world for evaluating the possible ecological, environmental, and societal consequences of global change is presented in this paper. In addition, a brief synopsis of the state of the science of these impacts is included. Issues considered include future changes in... | 0 |
86,919 | Particulate and ozone pollutant effects on the respiratory function of children in southwest Mexico City | Gold, DR; Damokosh, AI; Pope CA III; Dockery, DW; Mcdonnell, WF; Serrano, P; Retama, A; Castillejos, M | 1,999 | We assessed the contributions of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < or =10 and < or =2.5 microm (PM2.5 and PM10) and ozone (O3) to peak expiratory flow (PEF) and respiratory symptoms in 40 schoolchildren 8-11 years of age for 59 days during three periods in 1991 at a school in southwest Mexico City. We mea... | 1 |
19,192 | Regional haze and visibility: potential impacts for industry | Hiser, E; Von Oppenfeld, RR; Kravets, DP | 1,999 | On April 22, 1999, EPA finalized the Phase II regional haze regulations. This article presents a facility's perspective on the impacts of the new regional haze rule and the Clean Air Act's visibility and regional haze program on source operation. The article examines the effect on new major sources and major modificati... | 0 |
11,829 | Antioxidant transport modulates peripheral airway reactivity and inflammation during ozone exposure | Freed, AN; Cueto, R; Pryor, WA | 1,999 | We examined the effects of ozone(O3) and endogenous antioxidant transport on canine peripheral airway function, central airway function, epithelial integrity, and inflammation. Dogs were either untreated or pre-treated with probenecid (an anion-transport inhibitor) and exposed for 6 h to 0.2parts/million O3. Peripheral... | 1 |
1,697 | An introduction to the indirect exposure assessment approach: Modeling human exposure using microenvironmental measurements and the recent National Human Activity Pattern Survey | Klepeis, NE | 1,999 | Indirect exposure approaches offer a feasible and accurate method for estimating population exposures to indoor pollutants, including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). In an effort to make the indirect exposure assessment approach more accessible to people in the health and risk assessment fields, this paper provides ... | 1 |
46,970 | Mechanistic modeling of the interrelationships between indoor/outdoor air quality and human exposure in a GIS framework | Isukapalli, SS; Purushothaman, V; Georgopoulos, PG | 1,999 | Evaluation of human exposure to atmospheric contaminants such as ozone and particulate matter (PM)is often based on measured data from fixed ambient (outdoors) Air Monitoring Stations. This results in an artificial characterization of indoor exposures, as concentrations and physicochemical attributes of indoor pollutan... | 0 |
12,056 | Exhaled nitric oxide among pulpmill workers reporting gassing incidents involving ozone and chlorine dioxide | Olin, AC; Ljungkvist, G; Bake, B; Hagberg, S; Henriksson, L; Toren, K | 1,999 | #The aim of the study was to investigate whether measurement of nitric oxide in exhaled air could be used for assessing the effects of irritants on the respiratory system, in this case recurrent ozone gassing in an occupational setting. The study population comprised bleachery workers (n=56) from a Swedish pulpmill car... | 0 |
48,177 | Secondary organic aerosol formation from the oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of dry submicron ammonium sulfate aerosol | Kleindienst, TE; Smith, DF; Li, W; Edney, EO; Driscoll, DJ; Speer, RE; Weathers, WS | 1,999 | A laboratory study was conducted to examine formation of secondary organic aerosols. A smog chamber system was developed for studying gas-aerosol interactions in a dynamic flow reactor. These experiments were conducted to investigate the fate of gas and aerosol phase compounds generated from hydrocarbon-nitrogen oxide ... | 0 |
10,937 | Climate, traffic-related air pollutants, and asthma prevalence in middle-school children in Taiwan | Guo, YL; Lin, YC; Sung, FC; Huang, SL; Ko, YC; Lai, JS; Su, HJ; Shaw, CK; Lin, RS; Dockery, DW | 1,999 | Environmental Protection Administration, Taiwan; National Science Council of Taiwan. #This study compared the prevalence of asthma with climate and air pollutant data to determine the relationship between asthma prevalence and these factors. We conducted a nationwide survey of respiratory illness and symptomsin middle-... | 0 |
11,831 | Effects of vitamin E on ozone-induced memory deficits and lipid peroxidation in rats | Guerrero, AL; Dorado-Martinez, C; Rodriguez, A; Pedroza-Rios, K; Borgonio-Perez, G; Rivas-Arancibia, S | 1,999 | Ozone exposure induces increased production of free radicals which may result in oxidative stress. The objectives of this study were to determine the antioxidant effects of vitamin E on memory deficits and lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress caused by acute ozone exposure. Rats were exposed to 0.7 p.p.m. ozone f... | 1 |
377,917 | Asthma hospitalization rates and socioeconomic status in New York State (1987-1993) | Lin, S; Fitzgerald, E; Hwang, SA; Munsie, JP; Stark, A | 1,999 | This study examined the geographic distribution of asthma hospitalizations in New York State (NYS) and its association with socioeconomic status. Statewide asthma hospitalization data (1987-1993) were merged with 1990 census data by residential zip code. The asthma hospitalization rate increased in NYS from 1987 (2.54 ... | 1 |
1,199 | Ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation and epithelial proliferation are partially mediated by PAF | Longphre, M; Zhang, LY; Harkema, JR; Kleeberger, SR | 1,999 | Ozone (O3) exposure stimulates airway inflammation and epithelial sloughing in a number of species, including mice. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a lipid mediator released by activated mast cells, macrophages, and epithelial cells and causes pulmonary inflammation and hyperpermeability. We hypothesized that the a... | 1 |
15,324 | Increased serum and urinary concentrations of lung clara cell protein in rats acutely exposed to ozone | Arsalane, K; Broeckaert, F; Knoops, B; Clippe, A; Buchet, JP; Bernard, A | 1,999 | Clara cell protein (CC16) is a 16-17-kDa protein secreted by Clara cells in the bronchial lining fluid of the lung from which it passively diffuses into serum before being eliminated by the kid- neys. The concentration of CC16 in serum has recently been proposed as a peripheral marker of the integrity of Clara cells an... | 0 |
15,052 | Prevention of renal injury after induction of ozone tolerance in rats submitted to warm ischaemia | Barber, E; Menendez, S; Leon, OS; Barber, MO; Merino, N; Calunga, JL; Cruz, E; Bocci, V | 1,999 | On the basis that ozone (O3) can upregulate cellular antioxidant enzymes, a morphological, biochemical and functional renal study was performed in rats undergoing a prolonged treatment with O3 before renal ischaemia. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) control, a medial abdominal incision was performed to expose th... | 0 |
11,985 | Inflammatory and epithelial responses during the development of ozone-induced mucous cell metaplasia in the nasal epithelium of rats | Cho, HY; Hotchkiss, JA; Harkema, JR | 1,999 | Rats repeatedly exposed to high ambient concentrations of ozone develop mucous cell metaplasia (MCM) in the nasal transitional epithelium (NTE). The present study was designed to determine the temporal relationships of ozone-induced inflammatory and epithelial responses and their correlation with subsequent MCM in the ... | 1 |
53,091 | Antioxidants and protective pigments of Pinus ponderosa needles at gradients of natural stresses and ozone in the San Bernardino Mountains in California | Tausz, M; Bytnerowicz, A; Arbaugh, MJ; Weidner, W; Grill, D | 1,999 | #At the San Bernardino Mountains, California, a well documented gradient of ozone pollution overlays a natural stress gradient from mesic to dry and from lower elevation to higher elevation sites. In contrast to gradient studies in European regions, the highest ambient ozone levels are observed at low elevation and mor... | 0 |
43,729 | Impacts of ozone on the growth and yield of field-grown winter oilseed rape | Ollerenshaw, JH; Lyons, T; Barnes, JD | 1,999 | #Five cultivars of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera var. biennis L.) were screened for their relative sensitivity to ozone (O3) by exposing seedlings to charcoal-Purafil< filtered air (CFA) or CFA plus 75 nmol mol-1 O3 (6.5 h day-1, 16 days) in controlled environment chambers, and effects on relative g... | 0 |
15,090 | Immunological reactivity under conditions of prolonged exposure to ozone | Abdrashitova, NF | 1,999 | null | 0 |
52,253 | Ozone production in the upper troposphere and the influence of aircraft during SONEX: approach of NOx-saturated conditions | Jaegle, L; Jacob, DJ; Brune, WH; Faloona, IC; Tan, D; Kondo, Y; Sachse, GW; Anderson, B; Gregory, GL; Vay, S; Singh, HB; Blake, DR; Shetter, R | 1,999 | During October/November 1997, simultaneous observations of NO, HO2 and other species were obtained as part of the SONEX campaign in the upper troposphere. We use these observations, over the North Atlantic (40-60?N), to derive ozone production rates, P(O3), and to examine the relationship between P(O3) and the concent... | 0 |
15,385 | Adaptive and non-adaptive responses in rats exposed to ozone, alone and in mixtures, with acidic aerosols | Kleinman, MT; Mautz, WJ; Bjarnason, S | 1,999 | Health Canada. Healthy young adult (300 g) Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 1-day or 5-day periods, nose only, to purified air (CA) or four different pollutant atmospheres. Pollutant atmospheres included (a) 0.2 ppm ozone; (b) 0.4 ppm O3; (c) a low concentration mixture of ozone and sulfuric acid-coated carbon part... | 0 |
53,388 | OIO and the atmospheric cycle of iodine | Cox, RA; Bloss, WJ; Jones, RL; Rowley, DM | 1,999 | IO and BrO radicals are intermediates in the atmospheric photo-oxidation of iodo- and romocarbons and can act as catalysts for ozone loss. We have studied the kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of IO with itself and with BrO to establish their role in the atmospheric chemistry of iodine. We have found that iodine... | 0 |
10,939 | Ozone-induced respiratory symptoms: Exposure-response models and association with lung function | McDonnell, WF; Stewart, PW; Smith, MV; Pan, WK; Pan, J | 1,999 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Ozone-induced respiratory symptoms are known to be functions of concentration, minute ventilation, and duration of exposure. The purposes of this study were to identify an exposure-response model for symptoms, to determine whether response was related to age, and to assess the ... | 1 |
49,029 | Foliar response of black cherry (Prunus serotina) clones to ambient ozone exposure in central Pennsylvania | Lee, JC; Skelly, JM; Steiner, KC; Zhang, JW; Savage, JE | 1,999 | During late summer of 1996 and 1997 we examined ozone-induced foliar injury in a plantation of 111 black cherry trees (ramets) comprising 15 clones originating from wild ortets growing in the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania, and the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia. The experimental plantation was a c... | 0 |
53,497 | A modeling study of iodine chemistry in the marine boundary layer | Mcfiggans, G; Plane, JMC; Allan, B; Carpenter, LJ; Coe, H; O'Dowd, C | 2,000 | An observationally constrained photochemical bos model has been developed to investigate the atmospheric chemistry of iodine in the marine boundary layer, motivated by recent measurements of the iodine monoxide (IO) radical (Allan et al., this issue). Good agreement with the time series of IO measured at a midlatitude ... | 0 |
30,142 | Ozone and low concentrations of nitric oxide have similar effects on carbon isotope discrimination and gas exchange in leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) | Nussbaum, S; Geissman, M; Saurer, M; Siegwolf, R; Fuhrer, J | 2,000 | This study investigated the interacting effects of carbon dioxide and ozone on photosynthetic physiology in the flag leaves of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Wembley), at three stages of development. Plants were exposed throughout their development to reciprocal combinations of two carbon dioxide and two ozone ... | 0 |
12,080 | Detection of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenol adducts following lipid peroxidation from ozone exposure | Szweda, LI; Szweda, PA; Holian, A | 2,000 | null | 0 |
12,105 | Ozone exposure inside museums in the historic central district of Krakow, Poland | Salmon, LG; Cass, GR; Bruckman, K; Haber, J | 2,000 | Ozone present in the indoor atmosphere of museums can lead to the fading of organic artists' pigments and textile dyes that are present in paintings, tapestries and historically important clothing exhibits. Ozone concentrations were measured in outdoor air and within the interior galleries of five institutions that hou... | 0 |
10,315 | Effects of ambient particle pollution on daily mortality in Melbourne 1991-1996 | Simpson, R; Denison, L; Petroeschevsky, A; Thalib, L; Williams, G | 2,000 | This paper presents the results of a study in Melbourne, Australia, of the short-term effects of ambient fine particle pollution on daily mortality occurring between 1991 and 1996. The methodological approach used Poisson regression and Generalised Additive Models (GAM) with LOESS smoothing to control for temporal and ... | 0 |
14,895 | Genetic susceptibility to ozone-induced lung hyperpermeability: Role of toll-like receptor 4 | Kleeberger, SR; Reddy, S; Zhang, LY; Jedlicka, AE | 2,000 | The pollutant ozone (O3) induces lung hyperpermeability and inflammation in humans and animal models. Among inbred strains of mice, there is a 3-fold difference in total protein (a marker of permeability) recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid after a 72-h exposure to 0.3 ppm O3. To determine the chromosomal l... | 1 |
628,220 | Forest Atmosphere Carbon Transfer and Storage (FACTS-II) the Aspen Free-Air CO2 and O3 Enrichment (FACE) project: An overview | Dickson, RE; Lewin, KF; Isebrands, JG; Coleman, MD; Heilman, WE; Riemenschneider, DE; Sober, J; Host, GE; Zak, DR; Hendrey, GR; Pregitzer, KS; Karnosky, DF | 2,000 | This publication briefly reviews the impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone on global climate change, and the response of forest trees to these atmospheric pollutants and their interactions; points out the need for large-scale field experiments to evaluate the response of plants to these... | 1 |
89,201 | Effect of stream channel size on the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico | Alexander, RB; Smith, RA; Schwarz, GE | 2,000 | An increase in the flux of nitrogen from the Mississippi river during the latter half of the twentieth century has caused eutrophication and chronic seasonal hypoxia in the shallow waters of the Louisiana shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico1, 2, 3, 4, 5. This has led to reductions in species diversity, mortality of be... | 0 |
13,912 | Daily mortality and fine and ultrafine particles in Erfurt, Germany Part I: role of particle number and particle mass | Wichmann, HE; Spix, C; Tuch, T; Wolke, G; Peters, A; Heinrich, J; Kreyling, WG; Heyder, J | 2,000 | Health Effects Inst. Increases in morbidity and mortality have been observed consistently and coherently in association with ambient air pollution. A number of studies on short-term effects have identified ambient particles as a major pollutant in urban air. This study, conducted in Erfurt, Germany, investigated the as... | 0 |
11,675 | Air pollution, aeroallergens and cardiorespiratory emergency department visits in Saint John, Canada | Stieb, DM; Beveridge, RC; Brook, JR; Smith-Doiron, M; Burnett, RT; Dales, RE; Beaulieu, S; Judek, S; Mamedov, A | 2,000 | Existing studies of the association between air pollution, aeroaliergens and emergency department (ED) visits have generally examined the effects of a few pollutants or aeroallergens on individual conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this study, we considered a wide variety of respirat... | 0 |
12,557 | Occupational respiratory diseases | Beckett, WS | 2,000 | Materials inhaled in the workplace can lead to all the major chronic lung diseases except those due to vascular disease. The physician should consider the possibility of occupational exposure when a working or retired adult presents with unexplained respiratory illness. Even exposure in office buildings and hospitals o... | 0 |
44,055 | Biomass allocation, needle structural characteristics and nutrient composition in Scots pine seedlings exposed to elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations | Utriainen, J; Janhunen, S; Helmisaari, HS; Holopainen, T | 2,000 | Three-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were exposed to ambient or elevated ozone (O3) (1.5Iambient) and carbon dioxide (CO2) (590 Amol mol-1) concentrations during two growing seasons in open-top field chambers (OTCs). Five different treatments were applied in the chambers: filtered air, ambient air,... | 0 |
2,259 | Simultaneous determination of L-ascorbic acid, glutathione, and their oxidized forms in ozone-exposed vascular plants by capillary zone electrophoresis | Herrero-Martinez, JM; Simo-Alfonso, EF; Ramis-Ramos, G | 2,000 | Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (OSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in vascular plants has been achieved by capillary zone electrophoresis. A background electrolyte containing a phosphate buffer of pH 7 and hexadimethrin bromide for dynamic control of electroosmotic flow was used. Separ... | 0 |
13,632 | Cardiovascular effects following exposure to particulate matter in healthy and cardiopulmonary-compromised rats | Watkinson, WP; Campen, MJ; Nolan, JP; Kodavanti, UP; Dreher, KL; Su, WY; Highfill, JW; Costa, DL | 2,000 | Hannover Medical School; International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Aerosol Research; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL. There is substantial epidemiological evidence that exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) may be responsible for an increased incidence of mo... | 0 |
74,041 | Management objectives for the protection of ecosystem services | Daily, GC | 2,000 | People find themselves confronted with ever starker tradeoffs in the allocation of resources to competing uses and users. At the local level, for instance, allocation of land or water to agricultural, industrial, municipal, recreational, and conservation activities often involves a zero sum game. This is apparent in th... | 0 |
34,986 | Attributable risk estimates for cataract to prioritize medical and public health action | Mccarty, CA; Nanjan, MB; Taylor, HR | 2,000 | PURPOSE: Cataract is the most common cause of blindness in the world. The purpose of this study was to estimate the population attributable risk associated with identified risk factors for cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract in a representative sample of the Victorian population aged 40 years an... | 0 |
52,141 | Science Policy Council handbook: Peer review | null | 2,000 | EPA's Science Policy Council (SPC) has organized this Peer Review Handbook as guidance to EPA staff and managers on the organization and conduct of peer review pursuant to the Administrator's June 7, 1994 Peer Review Policy statement. The goal of the Peer Review Policy and this Handbook is to enhance the quality and cr... | 0 |
92,327 | In situ studies of the initial atmospheric corrosion of copper influence of humidity, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide | Aastrup, T; Wadsak, M; Leygraf, C; Schreinerb, M | 2,000 | Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance, integrated into a one-surface analytical system, and complemented with tapping mode atomic force microscopy, has been used to explore the metal/atmosphere interfacial region under atmospheric pressure conditions. This unique combination of in ... | 0 |
52,916 | Effects of air pollution on plant diversity | Agrawal, M; Agrawal, SB | 2,000 | INTRODUCTION The rapid growth of industries. urbanization, and transportation and their injudicious planning without due regard for sustainable development are leading to serious environmental hazards. The destruction of ecological balance as a consequence has a significant unfavorable effect on the biosphere, and ... | 0 |
48,244 | Mass conservative coupling of non-hydrostatic meteorological models with air quality models | Odman, MT; Russell, AG | 2,000 | INTRODUCTION High-resolution data produced by recent non-hydrostatic meteorological models (MMs) are expected to significantly improve the characterization of transport in air quality models (AQMs). However, the use of data from non-hydrostatic MMs presents new problems for the air quality modeler. First, there is th... | 0 |
47,801 | The evolution of the boundary layer and its effect on air chemistry in the Phoenix area | Fast, JD; Doran, J; Shaw, WJ; Coulter, RL; Martin, TJ | 2,000 | During a 4-week period in May and June of 1998, meteorological and chemical measurements were made as part of a field campaign carried out in the Phoenix area. Data from the field campaign provide the first detailed measurements of the properties of the convective boundary layer in this area and of the effects of these... | 0 |
74,109 | A time-series analysis of acidic particulate matter and daily mortality and morbidity in the Buffalo, New York, region | Gwynn, RC; Burnett, RT; Thurston, GD | 2,000 | Health Canada; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #A component of particulate matter (PM) air pollution that may provide one biologically plausible pathway for the observed PM air pollution-health effect associations is aerosol acidity (H(+)). An increasing number... | 0 |
11,616 | A conceptual ozone dose-response model to develop a standard to protect vegetation | Massman, WJ; Musselman, RC; Lefohn, AS | 2,000 | The present air quality standard to protect vegetation from ozone is based on a measured concentration (i.e., exposure) rather than on plant uptake rates (or dose). Proposed exposure-based standards have led to concerns about the appropriateness of chamber studies. There has also been some debate about the importance o... | 1 |
52,493 | Atmospheric NO2: in situ laser-induced fluorescence detection at parts per trillion mixing ratios | Thornton, JA; Wooldridge, PJ; Cohen, RC | 2,000 | #We describe a time-gated laser-induced fluorescence instrument designed for accurate (?5%, 1), continuous, autonomous, in situ observations of NO2 with the sensitivity (15 ppt/10 s at S/N = 2) and portability necessary to study NO2 anywhere in the troposphere. The technique is advantageous because it is spectroscopica... | 0 |
43,639 | Introduction: evaluation of some measurements of physical activity and energy expenditure | Montoye, HJ | 2,000 | null | 0 |
13,315 | Interpolating Vancouver's daily ambient PM10 field | Sun, L; Zidek, JV; Le, ND; Ozkaynak, H | 2,000 | #In this article we develop a spatial predictive distribution for the ambient space - time response field of daily ambient PM10 in Vancouver, Canada. Observed responses have a consistent temporal pattern from one monitoring site to the next. We exploit this feature of the field by adopting a response model with two com... | 0 |
4,087 | The Washington University-EPRI veterans' cohort mortality study: Preliminary results | Lipfert, FW; Perry, HM, Jr; Miller, JP; Baty, JD; Wyzga, RE; Carmody, SE | 2,000 | Electric Power Research Institute. This paper presents the design of and some results from a new prospective mortality study of a national cohort of about 50,000 U.S. veterans who were diagnosed as hypertensive in the mid-1970s, based on approximately 21 years of follow-up. This national cohort is male with an average... | 1 |
10,274 | Air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in three metropolitan areas in the United States | Moolgavkar, SH | 2,000 | I used generalized additive models to analyze the time series of daily admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over the period 1987-1995 in three major metropolitan areas, Cook County, Los Angeles County, and Maricopa County, in the United States. In Cook and Maricopa counties I had admissions infor... | 0 |
14,868 | Extracorporeal blood oxygenation and ozonation (EBOO) in man Preliminary report | Di Paolo, N; Bocci, V; Garosi, G; Borrelli, E; Bravi, A; Bruci, A; Aldinucci, C; Capotondo, L | 2,000 | Autohemotherapy with ozone has been used for four decades with encouraging results but, owing to the lack of clinical studies, it has never been adopted by orthodox medicine. Confident of the valid principles of ozone therapy, we have endeavoured to increase its therapeutic efficacy. Over a ten-year period we have deve... | 0 |
43,338 | Finding the best option for the environment - a comparison of 22 combinations of conventional and alternative fuels and drive systems | Patyk, A | 2,000 | Supported by the Office for Technology Assessment at the German Parliament using the LCA methodology 22 combinations of fuels and ICE and fuel cell drive systems were compared: ICE with gasoline (reference), diesel, CNG, LNG, CGH(2), LH(2) (fossil and regenerative), biomethanol, bioethanol, RME and bioDME; FC with CGH(... | 0 |
88,481 | Life cycle impact assessment workshop summary Midpoints versus endpoints: the sacrifices and benefits | Bare, JC; Hofstetter, P; Pennington, DW; Udo de Haes, HA | 2,000 | On May 25-26, 2000 in Brighton (England), the third in a series of international workshops was held under the umbrella of UNEP addressing issues in Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA). The workshop provided a forum for experts to discuss midpoint vs. endpoint modeling. Midpoints are considered to be links in the cause-... | 0 |
57,175 | Long-term variations of UV-B doses at three stations in northern Europe | Kaurola, J; Taalas, P; Koskela, T; Borkowski, J; Josefsson, W | 2,000 | Recent analysis of the total ozone observations indicate a negative trend of about 4%/decade in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes during the last two decades [WMO, 1999]. The effect of this decline on surface UV levels is of interest to a variety of applications. In this work the long-term variation of UV radiation ... | 0 |
48,208 | Influence of natural hydrocarbons on ozone formation in an isolated power plant plume | Luria, M; Tanner, RL; Imhoff, RE; Valente, RJ; Bailey, EM; Mueller, SF | 2,000 | On 4 days during the 1995 Southern Oxidant Study (SOS), air samples were taken in the plume of the Cumberland Power Plant in Tennessee using an instrumented helicopter. On these days a notable difference in excess ozone in the plumes was observed. Excess ozone varied from 20 ppb on July 7, 1995, up to 55 ppb on July 16... | 0 |
35,816 | Variations in the size and chemical composition of nitrate-containing particles in Riverside, CA | Liu, DY; Prather, KA; Hering, SV | 2,000 | High time resolution measurements of nitrate-containing particles were made in Riverside, CA using an automated particle nitrate monitor and an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The automated particle nitrate monitor provides quantitative data on the concentration of total particle-bound nitrate with a temporal... | 0 |
12,051 | Surface modification of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVA) Part I Introduction of carboxyl groups and immobilization of collagen | Matsumura, K; Hyon, SH; Nakajima, N; Peng, C; Tsutsumi, S | 2,000 | To enhance the surface biocompatibility of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVA) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), carboxyl groups were introduced by ozone exposure. Type I collagen was immobilized onto the surface through polyion complexing. The carboxyl groups on the EVA were characterized by electron spectroscop... | 0 |
40,849 | The influence of stratospheric intrusions on alpine ozone concentrations | Stohl, A; Spichtinger-Rakowsky, N; Bonasoni, P; Feldmann, H; Memmesheimer, M; Scheel, HE; Trickly, T; Hubener, S; Ringer, W; Mandl, M | 2,000 | #This paper presents studies of stratospheric intrusions in the Alps and northern Apennines, their seasonal variations, and their effect on ozone concentrations. The results are based on experimental data and on simulations with a Lagrangian tracer model. The model, employing analyzed meteorological data, advects a pas... | 0 |
53,462 | Photochemical production of gas phase NOx from ice crystal NO3- | Honrath, RE; Guo, S; Peterson, MC; Dziobak, MP; Dibb, JE; Arsenault, MA | 2,000 | Recent measurements have demonstrated that sunlight irradiation of snow results in the release of significant amounts of gas phase NOx (NO + NO2). We report here the results of a series of experiments designed to test the hypothesis that the observed NOx production is the result of nitrate photolysis. Snow produced fro... | 0 |
195,338 | Kinetic studies on the photo decolourisation of textile dyes (reactive) using ZnO catalyst | Sivakumar, T; Shanthi, K | 2,000 | Photo decolourisation of various reactive textile dyes such as Procion Brilliant Yellow M-4G (PBY), Procion Brilliant Magenta M-B(PBM) and Pr cion Brilliant Orange M-2R(PBO) have been studied using ZnO as photocatalyst. Complete decolourisation (100%) of dyes by sunlight was obtained when ZnO was used as a catalyst. De... | 0 |
13,033 | Ozone-induced epithelial injury in the ferret is similar to nonhuman primates | Sterner-Kock, A; Kock, M; Braun, R; Hyde, DM | 2,000 | #Extrapolation to humans from rodent ozone exposure is limited by the anatomic differences between the species. Ferrets have similar pulmonary structures to humans, with well developed respiratory bronchioles and submucosal glands. We exposed adult ferrets, monkeys, and rats to 1 ppm ozone (O3) or filtered air for 8 h ... | 1 |
15,071 | Effect of ozone on red blood cell enzymes and intermediates | Zimran, A; Wasser, G; Forman, L; Gelbart, T; Beutler, E | 2,000 | Ozone autohemotherapy has been considered a form of alternative medicine and has not yet been subjected to the rigors of well-designed clinical trials. Despite encouraging anecdotal reports regarding the use of ozone in various disorders, there has been a concern that ozone per se may adversely affect red cell membrane... | 0 |
43,689 | Yield and quality characteristics of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) exposed to ground-level ozone | Muntifering, RB; Crosby, DD; Powell, MC; Chappelka, AH | 2,000 | #Early and late season-planted bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge, cultivar `Pensacola') were grown in open-top chambers (OTC) to which added air had been carbon-filtered (CF), representative of that found at pristine air quality sites; non-filtered (NF), characteristic of ambient air in Auburn, AL and representative ... | 0 |
12,119 | Pulmonary function is a long-term predictor of mortality in the general population: 29-year follow-up of the Buffalo health study | Schunemann, HJ; Dorn, J; Grant, BJB; Winkelstein, W, Jr; Trevisan, M | 2,000 | #Study objectives: Results from several studies have described a relationship between pulmonary function and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of pulmonary function by gender after 29 years of follow-up. Design: Prospective study with 29-year ... | 0 |
12,996 | A study of the atmospheric reaction of CH3S with O3 as a function of temperature | Martinez, E; Albaladejo, J; Notario, A; Jimenez, E | 2,000 | The atmospheric reaction of the methylthiyl radical (CH3S) with O3 was investigated as a function of temperature (259-381 K), in the pressure range of 25-300 Torr, using the technique of laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence. The resulting Arrhenius expression, with an uncertainty of ?2"sigma", was k1(T=259-381 K... | 0 |
17,433 | Effect of long-term exposure to ozone on functional activity of human phagocytes | Abdrashitova, NF; Balyakin, YV; Romanov, YA | 2,000 | #Functional activity (biocidal properties) of whole blood phagocytes from humans exposed to ozone was studied by measuring spontaneous and zymosan-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Generation of reactive oxygen species and biocidal properties of phagocytes depended on the time of ozone exposure and developme... | 0 |
3,000 | Three-dimensional mapping of ozone-induced acute cytotoxicity in tracheobronchial airways of isolated perfused rat lung | Postlethwait, EM; Joad, JP; Hyde, DM; Schelegle, ES; Bric, JM; Weir, AJ; Putney, LF; Wong, VJ; Velsor, LW; Plopper, CG | 2,000 | Acute lung injury induced by reactive oxygen gases such as ozone (O3) is focal and site-selective. To define patterns of acute epithelial injury along intrapulmonary airways, we developed a new analytic approach incorporating labeling of permeable cells, airway microdissection, and laser scanning confocal microscopy, a... | 1 |
52,375 | The export of ozone and other atmospheric trace species from North America: observations and numerical simulations | Prados, AI | 2,000 | The export of ozone and associated pollutants from populated areas to the remote troposphere can have a major impact on the chemical and radiative properties of the earth's atmosphere. In April and May 1996,16 research aircraft flights were conducted over the eastern U.S and western North Atlantic ocean (WNAO) as part ... | 0 |
13,022 | Impact of engine technology on the vehicular emissions in Mexico City | Schifter, I; Diaz, L; Vera, M; Castillo, M; Ramos, F; Avalos, S; Lopez-Salinas, E | 2,000 | #The metropolitan area of Mexico City is the urban area of the country that presents the mast critical environmental problem due to fuel consumption. Attempting to reduce the ambient concentration of pollutants, the environmental program adopted consisted of a broad series of strategies designed to improve the air qual... | 0 |
26,703 | Growth and yield responses of winter wheat to mixtures of ozone and carbon dioxide | Heagle, AS; Miller, JE; Pursley, WA | 2,000 | Ozone (O3) in the troposphere can cause plant stress, whereas elevated CO2 generally enhances plant growth. Until recently, few studies have considered whether O3 can affect plant response to CO2 or vice versa. We examined these possibilities for soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants were grown in 14-L po... | 0 |
11,448 | Outdoor air pollution, low birth weight, and prematurity | Bobak, M | 2,000 | This study tested the hypothesis, suggested by several recent reports, that air pollution may increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes. This studyanalyzed all singleton live births registered by the Czech national birth register in 1991 in 67 districts where at least one pollutant was monitoredin 1990-1991 (n = 108,... | 1 |
47,634 | A cloud-scale model study of lightning-generated NOx in an individual thunderstorm during STERAO-A | Decaria, AJ; Pickering, KE; Stenchikov, GL; Scala, , JR; Stith, JL; Dye, JE; Ridley, BA; Laroche, P | 2,000 | Understanding lightning NOx (NO + NO2) production on the cloud scale is key for developing better parameterizations of lightning NOx for use in regional and global chemical transport models. This paper attempts to further the understanding of lightning NOx production on the cloud scale using a cloud model simulation of... | 0 |
48,233 | NOy lifetimes and O3 production efficiencies in urban and power plant plumes: analysis of field data | Nunnermacker, LJ; Kleinman, LI; Imre, D; Daum, PH; Lee, YN; Lee, JH; Springston, SR; Newman, L; Gillani, N | 2,000 | In an effort to describe and characterize power plant plumes in the Nashville region, emissions from a small power plant (Gallatin) and a large power plant (Paradise) were examined using data obtained on the Department of Energy G-1 airborne sampling platform. Observations made on July 3, 7, 15, 17, and 18, 1995, were ... | 0 |
52,280 | Ozone process insights from field experiments Part III: extent of reaction and ozone formation | Blanchard, CL | 2,000 | The analysis of ambient data offers a means of developing a qualitative understanding of the sensitivity of ozone formation at specific times and places to changes in VOC and NOx concentrations. The Integrated Empirical Rate (IER) model (Johnson, 1984, Proceedings of the Eighth International Clean Air Conference, Melbo... | 0 |
195,248 | Evaluation of the museum environmental risk by means of tempera-painted dosimeters | Bacci, M; Picollo, M; Porcinai, S; Radicati, B | 2,000 | The monitoring and control of environmental parameters provide useful information in order to reduce the decay of works of art. Dosimeters that reproduce the pictorial structure of paintings as closely as possible were prepared and tested to evaluate the effects induced on works of art by the "global" indoor environmen... | 0 |
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