REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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13,030 | Relating liquid fuel and headspace vapor composition for California reformulated gasoline samples containing ethanol | Harley, RA; Coulter-Burke, SC; Yeung, TS | 2,000 | Changes in gasoline formulation will be required as use of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is phased out. Changes in evaporative emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be of concern in cases where ethanol is added to gasoline to replace MTBE. Regular, mid-, and premium grade gasoline samples containing ethan... | 0 |
52,237 | Seasonal modeling of regional ozone pollution in the eastern United States | Kasibhatla, P; Chameides, WL | 2,000 | In this study, we report on the results from a comprehensive model simulation of regional ozone (O3) throughout a season in the eastern United States. The model is shown to perform better in terms of simulating seasonal, rather than episodic, characteristics of the regional surface O3 distribution. This finding suggest... | 1 |
55,057 | Variability of ground-level ultraviolet: model and measurement | Den Outer, PN; Slaper, H; Matthijsen, J; Reinen, H; Tax, R | 2,000 | A method to describe the observed yearly variability of ground-level UV has been developed and validated. The method uses UV transfer model calculations and measured ozone values, by satellite or ground based stations, in combination with an empirical cloud correction based on widely available global solar radiation me... | 0 |
47,089 | Hydrophilicity of soot particles formed in the combustion chamber of a jet engine | Persiantseva, NM; Popovitcheva, OB; Starik, AM; Trukhin, ME; Shoniya, NK | 2,000 | The particles of soot, formed in the combustion chamber of a jet engine under conditions typical of a cruising power mode, are capable of adsorbing a considerable amount of water vapor owing to their microcrystalline structure, microporosity, and chemically heterogeneous surface. | 0 |
34,752 | Mitochondrial function in flying honeybees (Apis mellifera): respiratory chain enzymes and electron flow from complex III to oxygen | Suarez, RK; Staples, JF; Lighton, JRB; Mathieu-Costello, O | 2,000 | The biochemical bases for the high mass-specific metabolic rates of flying insects remain poorly understood. To gain insights into mitochondrial function during flight, metabolic rates of individual flying honeybees were measured using respirometry, and their thoracic muscles were fixed for electron microscopy. Mitocho... | 0 |
57,512 | The Monodelphis melanoma model: initial report on large ultraviolet A exposures of suckling young | Robinson, ES; Hill, RH, Jr; Kripke, ML; Setlow, RB | 2,000 | The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure of early suckling young of the opossum Monodelphis domestica to ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation (320-400 nm) can lead to the development of melanocytic lesions similar to those induced after exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation (280-320 nm) to total doses... | 0 |
12,088 | Genetic susceptibility to irritant-induced acute lung injury in mice | Wesselkamper, SC; Prows, DR; Biswas, P; Willeke, K; Bingham, E; Leikauf, GD | 2,000 | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Health Effects Institute. #Recent studies suggest that genetic variability can influence irritant-induced lung injury and inflammation. To begin identifying genes controlling susceptibility to inhaled irritants, seven inbred... | 0 |
36,352 | Ozone sensitivity in hybrid poplar correlates with insensitivity to both salicylic acid and jasmonic acid The role of programmed cell death in lesion formation | Koch, JR; Creelman, RA; Eshita, SM; Seskar, M; Mullet, JE; Davis, KR | 2,000 | Our earlier studies demonstrated that the ozone-sensitive hybrid poplar clone NE-388 displays an attenuated level of ozone-, wound-, and phytopathogen-induced defense gene expression. To determine if this reduced gene activation involves signal transduction pathways dependent on salicylic acid (SA) and/or jasmonic acid... | 0 |
16,181 | Effect of column ozone on the variability of biologically effective UV radiation at high southern latitudes | Sobolev, I | 2,000 | Solar irradiance measurements from Ushuaia (Argentina) and Palmer and McMurdo Stations in Antarctica covering four seasons from mid-1993 through early 1997 have been analyzed and their variations compared with column ozone changes. UV irradiances were weighted for biological effectiveness using a published biological w... | 0 |
12,068 | Effect of air pollution on preterm birth among children born in Southern California between 1989 and 1993 | Ritz, B; Yu, F; Chapa, G; Fruin, S | 2,000 | #We evaluated the effect of air pollution exposure during pregnancy on the occurrence of preterm birth in a cohort of 97,518 neonates born in Southern California. We used measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter less than 10 microm (PM10) collected at 17 air-quality-monitori... | 1 |
14,870 | Melanoma and other skin cancers in circumpolar areas | Oikarinen, A; Raitio, A | 2,000 | During the recent decades, the thickness of the ozone layer over the northern hemisphere has declined by 10 to 40 percent during the winter and spring months. Since ozone is the major barrier protecting the earth from dangerous short wave UV-radiation (UVB), the depletion in the ozone layer consequently increases the a... | 0 |
13,374 | Products and mechanisms of the gas phase reaction of ozone with "beta"-pinene | Winterhalter, R; Neeb, P; Grossmann, D; Kolloff, A; Horie, O; Moortgat, G | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Gas phase ozonolysis of [bgr]-pinene was performed in a 570 l static reactor at 730 Torr and 296 K in synthetic air and the products were analysed by a combination of gas phase FTIR spectroscopy, HPLC and IC analyses of gas phase and aerosol samples, respectively. The reaction mech... | 0 |
52,392 | Comparison between global chemistry transport model results and measurement of ozone and water vapor by airbus in-service aircraft (MOZAIC) data | Law, KS; Plantevin, PH; Thouret, V; Marenco, A; Asman, WAH; Lawrence, M; Crutzen, PJ; Muller, JF; Hauglustaine, DA; Kanakidou, M | 2,000 | Ozone distributions from state-of-the-art global three-dimensional chemistry transport models are compared to O3 data collected on Airbus A340 passenger aircraft as part of the Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) project. The model results are compared to monthly averaged data at... | 0 |
48,356 | Human-activity-enhanced formation of organic aerosols by biogenic hydrocarbon oxidation | Kanakidou, M; Tsigaridis, K; Dentener, FJ; Crutzen, PJ | 2,000 | Tropospheric aerosol can affect climate and the chemistry of the atmosphere, Organic particulates form a significant fraction of the atmospheric suspended matter over forested areas and may originate to a large extent from the oxidation of natural hydrocarbons. A three-dimensional global model of the troposphere is use... | 0 |
11,347 | Air pollution and incidence of cardiac arrhythmia | Peters, A; Liu, E; Verrier, RL; Schwartz, J; Gold, DR; Mittleman, M; Baliff, J; Oh, JA; Allen, G; Monahan, K; Dockery, DW | 2,000 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Health Effects Institute. #Air pollution episodes have been associated with increased cardiovascular hospital admissions and mortality in time-series studies. We tested the hypothesis that patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillators experience potentially lif... | 0 |
12,084 | Emission of ozone and organic volatiles from a selection of laser printers and photocopiers | Tuomi, T; Engstrom, B; Niemela, R; Svinhufvud, J; Reijula, K | 2,000 | To estimate the impact of office equipment on the quality of indoor air, the emission of ozone and organic volatiles was measured from one photocopier and four laser printers, three of which operated according to traditional corona discharge technology. The laser printers equipped with traditional technology emitted si... | 0 |
48,286 | Mixing of anthropogenic pollution with stratospheric ozone: a case study from the North Atlantic wintertime troposphere | Parrish, DD; Holloway, JS; Jakoubek, R; Trainer, M; Ryerson, TB; Hubler, G; Fehsenfeld, FC; Moody, JL; CooperOR | 2,000 | As part of the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE), instrumentation for the measurement of O3 and CO was included on research flights conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D Orion aircraft from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, and Keflavik, Iceland, from February 2 to 25, 1999. The... | 0 |
11,992 | Effects of azithromycin on ozone-induced airway neutrophilia and cytokine release | Criqui, GI; Solomon, C; Welch, BS; Ferrando, RE; Boushey, HA; Balmes, JR | 2,000 | National Institutes of Health (NIH/SCOR/P50); UCSF Student Research Committee Summer Fellowship. #Exposure of humans to ozone causes increased neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines in airway lining fluid. Recent research shows that macrolide antibiotics may reduce interleukin (IL)-8 production by bronchial epithelial ... | 0 |
52,445 | Appendix D: Network design for state and local air monitoring stations (SLAMS), national air monitoring stations (NAMS), and photochemical assessment monitoring stations (PAMS) | null | 2,000 | null | 0 |
10,454 | Ozone uptake in the intact human respiratory tract: Relationship between inhaled dose and actual dose | Rigas, ML; Catlin, SN; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS | 2,000 | Inhaled concentration (C), minute volume (MV), and exposure duration (T) are factors that may affect the uptake of ozone (O(3)) within the respiratory tract. Ten healthy adult nonsmokers participated in four sessions, inhaling 0.2 or 0.4 ppm O(3) through an oral mask while exercising continuously to elicit a MV of 20 l... | 1 |
10,456 | Ventilatory responses to ozone are reduced in immature rats | Shore, SA; Abraham, JH; Schwartzman, IN; Murthy, GG; Laporte, JD | 2,000 | During ozone (O(3)) exposure, adult rats decrease their minute ventilation (VE). To determine whether such changes are also observed in immature animals, Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 wk, were exposed to O(3) (2 ppm) in nose-only-exposure plethysmographs. Baseline VE normalized for body weight decreased w... | 0 |
70,787 | Expositions au dioxyde d'azote et a l'ozone d'une population de l'Ile-de-France [Nitrogen dioxide and ozone exposures in a population sample from Ile-de-France] | Saintot, M; Bernard, N; Astre, C; Galan, P; Hercberg, S; Gerber, M | 2,000 | Individual exposure to NO2 and O3 has been estimated in an urban population sample in southern France and the determinants identified. The present study was conducted to evaluated individual exposure to NO2 and O3 and to identify the environmental determinants of exposure in a larger population living in different envi... | 0 |
47,800 | Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors | Emmons, LK; Hauglustaine, DA; Muller, JF; Carroll, MA; Brasseur, GP; Brunner, D; Staehelin, J; Thouret, V; Marenco, A | 2,000 | Tropospheric data from a number of aircraft campaigns have been gridded onto global maps, forming "data composites" of chemical species important in ozone photochemistry. Although these are not climatologies in the sense of a long temporal average, these data summaries are useful for providing a picture of the global d... | 0 |
40,483 | Differences in trending estimates in the United States using several ozone metrics | Lefohn, AS; Shadwick, DS | 2,000 | On July 18, 1997 the U.S. EPA announced that the Agency was phasing out and replacing the previous 1-hour primary ozone (O(3)) standard with a new 8-hour standard of 0.08 ppm to protect against longer exposure periods. For assessing changes over time for O(3) exposure in the United States, we compared the 1-hour and tw... | 1 |
625,706 | Ozone treatment rapidly activates MAP kinase signalling in plants | Samuel, MA; Miles, GP; Ellis, BE | 2,000 | Brief exposure to ozone, a potent cross-inducer of plant stress responses, leads within minutes to activation of an ERK-type MAP kinase (approximately 46 kDa) in tobacco. This activation process is calcium-dependent and can be blocked both by free radical quenchers and by a specific inhibitor of MEK-1 (MAPKK). Hydrogen... | 1 |
47,104 | Uptake on fractal particles 2 Applications | Bekki, S; David, C; Law, K; Smith, DM; Coelho, D; Thovert, JF; Adler, PM | 2,000 | This first part of the paper is devoted to the validation of the theoretical framework developed in the companion paper [Coelho et al., this issue] against laboratory data. Although there are limited data suitable for a full-scale validation of the model, model-calculated surface to mass ratios of soot aggregates are f... | 0 |
11,807 | Endotoxin priming affects the lung response to ultrafine particles and ozone in young and old rats | Elder, ACP; Gelein, R; Finkelstein, JN; Cox, C; Oberdorster, G | 2,000 | Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a correlation between low levels of ambient particles and morbidity, particularly in the elderly with existing cardiopulmonary disease. Such correlations have been challenged due to doubts as to whether particles act alone to cause these detrimental effects. We hypothesized tha... | 0 |
52,313 | Ozone process insights from field experiments - part II: observation-based analysis for ozone production | Kleinman, LI | 2,000 | A complete characterization of O3 photochemistry from a regulatory point of view includes knowing the production rate for O3, the sensitivity of this rate to NOx and VOCs, and the effects of emission controls on O3 concentration. Observation-based analysis techniques have been developed to determine these quantities ba... | 0 |
90,799 | Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing-1999 | null | 2,000 | This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. | 1 |
52,430 | Ozone production and transport near Nashville, Tennessee: results from the 1994 study at New Hendersonville | Baumann, K; Williams, EJ; Angevine, WM; Roberts, JM; Norton, RB; Frost, GJ; Fehsenfeld, FC; Springston, SR; Bertman, SB; Hartsell, B | 2,000 | During the summer of 1994 the photochemical production of ozone and the relation of this production to the photochemical precursors were studied at a suburban ground site near Nashville, Tennessee. The study, which was carried out as part of the Southern Oxidant Study (SOS), investigated the ozone produced by urban out... | 0 |
12,011 | Neural mechanisms in asthma | Joos, GF; Germonpre, PR; Pauwels, RA | 2,000 | Advances in the understanding of neural mechanisms in asthma may provide novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of asthma. Excessive activity of cholinergic nerves may be important in asthma. Dysfunction of M2 muscarinic receptors in asthma may lead to excessive bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion and can be... | 0 |
5,654 | The effect of repeated ozone exposures on inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and mucosal biopsies | Jorres, RA; Holz, O; Zachgo, W; Timm, P; Koschyk, S; Muller, B; Grimminger, F; Seeger, W; Kelly, FJ; Dunster, C; Frischer, T; Lubec, G; Waschewski, M; Niendorf, A; Magnussen, H | 2,000 | Porjekt Umwelt und Gesundheit of the State of Baden-Wurtemberg, Karlsruhe, Germany. #The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular and biochemical events associated with repeated exposures to ozone. Twenty-three healthy subjects underwent single exposures to 200 ppb ozone and to filtered air (FA), as well as r... | 1 |
78,092 | Nitration and hydoxylation of aromatic amino acid and guanine by the air pollutant peroxyacetyl nitrate | Lin, JK; Chen, KJ; Liu, GY; Chua, YR; Lin-Shiau, SY | 2,000 | Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is a common gaseous photochemical compound in polluted air and cigarette smog. The toxicity of PAN has been found to depend on three pathways: (1) its oxidizing property that mimics peroxide or peroxynitrite; (2) its nitrating and hydroxylating properties similar to peroxynitrite; and (3) its... | 0 |
52,324 | Recommended methods for ambient air monitoring of NO, NO2, NOy, and individual NOz species | Mcclenny, WA | 2,000 | The most appropriate monitoring methods for reactive nitrogen oxides are identified subject to the requirements for diagnostic testing of air quality simulation models. Measurements must be made over 1 h or less and with an uncertainty of ?=20% (10% for NO2) over a typical ambient concentration range extending from a l... | 0 |
1,993 | Air quality and pediatric emergency room visits for asthma in Atlanta, Georgia | Tolbert, PE; Mulholland, JA; MacIntosh, DL; Xu, F; Daniels, D; Devine, OJ; Carlin, BP; Klein, M; Dorley, J; Butler, AJ; Nordenberg, DF; Frumkin, H; Ryan, PB; White, MC | 2,000 | Electric Power Research Institute; Southern Company Services. #Pediatric emergency room visits for asthma were studied in relation to airquality indices in a spatio-temporal investigation of approximately 130,000 visits (similar to 6,000 for asthma) to the major emergency care centers in Atlanta, Georgia, during the su... | 0 |
12,054 | Air pollution and daily mortality in three US counties | Moolgavkar, SH | 2,000 | American Iron and Steel Institute. #I used generalized additive models to analyze the time-series of daily total nonaccidental and cause-specific (cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) deaths over the period 1987-1995 in three major U.S. metropolitan areas: Cook County, Los Angeles... | 0 |
52,269 | Marine photochemistry and its impact on carbon cycling | Mopper, K; Kieber, DJ | 2,000 | Introduction Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater is present at concentrations of about 0.5-2mg1-1 or 0.5-2 ppm (MacKinnon, 1981) and represents one of the largest reservoirs of organic carbon on the surface of the earth (Mopper & Degens, 1979; | 0 |
749,712 | Calcium channels activated by hydrogen peroxide mediate abscisic acid signalling in guard cells | Pei, ZM; Murata, Y; Benning, G; Thomine, S; Klusener, B; Allen, GJ; Grill, E; Schroeder, JI | 2,000 | Drought is a major threat to agricultural production. Plants synthesize the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in response to drought, triggering a signalling cascade in guard cells that results in stomatal closure, thus reducing water loss1. ABA triggers an increase in cytosolic calcium in guard cells ([Ca2+]cyt)2, 3, 4, 5, ... | 1 |
57,724 | Reconstruction of past solar irradiance | Solanki, SK; Fligge, M | 2,000 | Accurate measurements of solar irradiance started in 1978, but a much longer time series is needed in order to uncover a possible influence on the Earth's climate. In order to reconstruct the irradiance prior to 1978 we require both an understanding of the underlying causes of solar irradiance variability as well as da... | 0 |
12,005 | Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors attenuate ozone-induced airway inflammation in guinea pigs: possible role of interleukin-8 | Inoue, H; Aizawa, H; Nakano, H; Matsumoto, K; Kuwano, K; Nadel, JA; Hara, N | 2,000 | Nitric oxide (NO) is increased in exhaled air of asthmatics. We hypothesized that endogenous NO contributes to airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, and that interleukin-8 (IL-8) might be involved in this mechanism. In human transformed bronchial epithelial cells in vitro, NO donors increased IL-8 production dos... | 0 |
13,061 | Oxidant stress mechanisms in heart failure | Chandra, M; Surendra, K; Kapoor, RK; Ghatak, A; Kaur, G; Pandey, NR; Misra, MK | 2,000 | Evidences dearly indicate that HF is accompanied by excessive generation of OFRs and depletion of endogenous antioxidant system. The resultant oxidant stress depresses myocardial contractility and function by decreasing Ca++ uptake in sarcoplasmic reticulum and by unpaired Ca++-ATPase in cardiac tissue. The various sou... | 0 |
47,079 | Chemical effect of carbonaceous aerosols on the diurnal cycle of MBL ozone at a tropical site: measurements and simulations | Bhugwant, C; Cachier, H; Bremaud, P; Roumeau, S; Leveau, J | 2,000 | ABSTRACT During late austral summer and winter 1998, black carbon (BC) aerosols were monitored with an Aethalometer at 2 sites of La Reunion Island (Indian Ocean): Saint-Denis, the main city and Sainte-Rose, a quite uninhabited region situated at the east coast. BC concentration data at Saint-Denis show a marked d... | 0 |
47,100 | Ozone loss in soot aerosols | Disselkamp, RS; Carpenter, MA; Cowin, JP; Berkowitz, CM; Chapman, EG; Zaveri, RA; Laulainen, NS | 2,000 | The fractal-like structure of atmospheric soot (e.g., elemental carbon) provides a large surface area available for heterogeneous chemistry in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere [Blake and Kato, 1995]. One potentially important reaction is ozone decomposition on soot. Although extensively studied in the labor... | 0 |
16,207 | An unexpected death during oxygen-ozone therapy | Marchetti, D; La Monaca, G | 2,000 | An unexpected death is described that was caused by gas embolism that occurred during oxygen-ozone (O2/O3) therapy administered by autohemotransfusion for psoriasis. This unusual complication suggests the necessity of investigating benefits and adverse effects of medical ozone application. | 0 |
47,041 | Development of atopy and asthma: Candidate environmental influences and important periods of exposure | Peden, DB | 2,000 | Atopy is a major risk factor for the development of asthma. Immune processes that lead to the development of antigen-specific IgE are essential to the development of atopy. This review examines the immune processes that are candidate targets for modulation by environmental agents; environmental and lifestyle factors th... | 0 |
782,739 | Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children's health: Immune and respiratory systems work group summary | Dietert, RR; Etzel, RA; Chen, D; Halonen, M; Holladay, SD; Jarabek, AM; Landreth, K; Peden, DB; Pinkerton, K; Smialowicz, RJ; Zoetis, T | 2,000 | Fetuses, infants, and juveniles (preadults) should not be considered simply "small adults" when it comes to toxicological risk. We present specific examples of developmental toxicants that are more toxic to children than to adults, focusing on effects on the immune and respiratory systems. We describe differences in bo... | 0 |
7,625 | Fine particles are more strongly associated than coarse particles with acute respiratory health effects in schoolchildren | Schwartz, J; Neas, LM | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #Numerous studies have reported associations between airborne particles and a range of respiratory outcomes from symptoms to mortality. Current attention has been focused on the characteristics of these particles responsible for ... | 0 |
14,907 | Quantitation and localization of pulmonary manganese superoxide dismutase and tumor necrosis factor "alpha" following exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide | Weller, BL; Witschi, H; Pinkerton, KE | 2,000 | Tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) are thought to play critical roles in the pro- cess of lung injury, repair, and disease. The induction of TNFa and MnSOD were examined in a model of progressive pulmonary fibrosis along the length of the alveolar duct in rats exposed for 1, 5, an... | 0 |
4,000 | Exposure to air pollution is associated with lung hyperinflation in healthy children and adolescents in southwest Mexico City: a pilot study | Calderon-Garcidue?as, L; Mora-Tiscareno, A; Chung, CJ; Valencia, G; Fordham, LA; Garcia, R; Osnaya, N; Romero, L; Acuna, H; Villarreal-Calderon, A | 2,000 | Air pollution produces adverse health effects. The consequences of lifelong daily exposures to atmospheric pollutants upon the respiratory apparatus of healthy children are of considerable clinical importance. We investigated the association between exposure to a highly polluted urban environment with a complex mixture... | 0 |
12,796 | Lung tissue neutrophil content as a determinant of ozone-induced injury | Bassett, DJP; Elbon-Copp, C; Ishii, Y; Barraclough-Mitchell, H; Yang, H | 2,000 | null | 0 |
30,304 | Trace gas emissions and plants | Singh SN ed | 2,000 | N/A. | 0 |
52,364 | Review of observation-based analysis of the regional factors influencing ozone concentrations | Trainer, M; Parrish, DD; Golday, PD; Roberts, J; Fehsenfeld, FC | 2,000 | #Some of the approaches that have been developed in the Aeronomy Laboratory and used to determine the rate and amount of ozone that is photochemically produced in the atmosphere from human-made and natural ozone precursors are reviewed below. The results were obtained from analysis of our field measurements that were m... | 0 |
13,248 | The spatial variation of the weekday/weekend differences in the Baltimore area | Vukovich, FM | 2,000 | This study examined the spatial distribution of the week-day/weekend difference in Baltimore, MD, and vicinity. The difference in Baltimore was characterized by having ~39% more NOx, ~59% more CO. and ~27% more volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the average weekday, but there was ~13% more O3 the weekend day. Spatial... | 0 |
47,328 | Significance of HOx and peroxides production due to alkene ozonolysis during fall and winter: a modeling study | Ariya, PA; Sander, R; Crutzen, PJ | 2,000 | In an attempt to identify new mechanisms for the generation of oxidants during fall and winter, we carried out a modeling investigation in which ozonolysis reactions of alkenes that were primarily anthropogenic in origin were considered. Our results indicate that the ozonolysis reactions of these molecules can be the m... | 0 |
41,861 | Ozone tolerance and antioxidant enzyme activity in soybean cultivars | Chernikova, T; Robinson, JM; Lee, EH; Mulchi, CL | 2,000 | The current study confirmed earlier conclusions regarding differential ozone (O3) tolerances of two soybean cultivars, Essex and Forrest, and evaluated antioxidant enzyme activities of these two varieties based on their performance under environmentally relevant, elevated O3 conditions. The experiment was conducted in ... | 0 |
40,398 | Independent inheritance of serum immunoglobulin E concentrations and airway responsiveness | Palmer, LJ; Burton, PR; Faux, JA | 2,000 | #Elevated serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and increased airway responsiveness (AR) are correlated traits that are characteristic of asthma. It is not known to what extent these traits arise from distinct or shared genetic determinants. We investigated the genetic and environmental components of variance of serum to... | 0 |
13,026 | Environment and health: 3 Ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation | De Gruijl, FR; Van Der Leun, JC | 2,000 | Ultraviolet radiation from the sun is responsible for a variety of familiar photochemical reactions,including photochemical smog,bleaching of paints and decay of plastics.Conjugated bonds in organic molecules such as proteins and DNA absorb the UV radiation,which can damage these molecules. By a fortunate evolutionary ... | 0 |
2,312 | The 1998 Baltimore particulate matter epidemiology-exposure study: Part 2- Personal exposure assessment associated with an elderly study population | Williams, R; Suggs, J; Creason, J; Rodes, C; Lawless, P; Kwok, R; Zweidinger, R; Sheldon, L | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.An integrated epidemiological-exposure panel study was conducted during the summer of 1998 which focused upon establishing relationships between potential human exposures to particulate matter (PM) and related co-pollutants with detectable health effects. The study design incorporat... | 0 |
25,142 | Environmental effects of ozone depletion: Interim summary, August 2000 | null | 2,000 | null | 0 |
11,889 | Conceptual basis for multi-route intake dose modeling using an energy expenditure approach | Mccurdy, T | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This paper provides the conceptual basis for a modeling logic that is currently being developed in the National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for use in intake dose assessments involving substances that can enter the body via ... | 0 |
1,775 | The Harvard Southern California chronic ozone exposure study: Assessing ozone exposure of grade-school-age children in two southern California communities | Geyh, AS; Xue, J; Ozkaynak, H; Spengler, JD | 2,000 | The Harvard Southern California Chronic Ozone Exposure Study measured personal exposure to, and indoor and outdoor ozone concentrations of, approximately 200 elementary school children 6-12 years of age for 12 months (June 1995-May 1996). We selected two Southern California communities, Upland and several towns located... | 1 |
47,094 | Reactive uptake of ozone by proxies for organic aerosols: surface versus bulk processes | Moise, T; Rudich, Y | 2,000 | Uptake measurements of ozone were conducted with two types of proxies for atmospheric organic aerosols: organic liquids and self-assembled organic monolayers. Alkanes and terminal alkenes were used. The monolayer surface was characterized, prior to and after reaction, using IR spectroscopy. Uptake experiments were cond... | 0 |
51,260 | Stratospheric ozone in 3-D models: a simple chemistry and the cross-tropopause flux | Mclinden, CA; Olsen, SC; Hannegan, B; Wild, O; Prather, MJ; Sundet, J | 2,000 | Two simple and computationally efficient models for simulating stratospheric ozone in three-dimensional global transport models are presented. The first, linearized ozone (or Linoz), is a first-order Taylor expansion of stratospheric chemical rates in which the ozone tendency has been linearized about the local ozone m... | 0 |
11,979 | Airborne particles are a risk factor for hospital admissions for heart and lung disease | Zanobetti, A; Schwartz, J; Dockery, DW | 2,000 | Health Effects Institute. $National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #We examined the association between particulate matter <= 10 "mu"m; (PM10) and hospital admission for heart and lung disease in ten U.S. cities. Our three goals were to determine whether there was an association, to estimate how the associ... | 0 |
25,153 | Mid-Atlantic regional assessment of climate change impacts | Yarnal, B; Kalkstein, LS; Scheraga, JD | 2,000 | The US Global Change Research Program has initiated a National Assessment of potential impacts from climate change. This paper summarizes the National Assessment process, and the Mid-Atlantic Regional Assessment (MARA) as an example of how the process is being implemented. At the national level, 5 sectoral working grou... | 0 |
40,802 | Simulating ozone detoxification in the leaf apoplast through the direct reaction with ascorbate | Plochl, M; Lyons, T; Ollerenshaw, J; Barnes, J | 2,000 | This paper presents a mathematical model which enables the semi-quantification of ozone (O(3)) detoxification, based upon the direct reaction of the pollutant with ascorbate (ASC) located in the aqueous matrix associated with the cell wall (i.e. the apoplast).The model describes the uptake of ozone into the leaf and it... | 1 |
53,531 | Observed distributions of nitrogen oxides in the remote free troposphere from the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment programs | Bradshaw, J; Davis, DD; Grodzinsky, G; Smyth, S; Newell, RE; Sandholm, S; Liu, SC | 2,000 | Reactive oxides of nitrogen are critical catalysts that can limit the formation rates of tropospheric oxidants. As a result, they control the efficiency with which the troposphere cleanses itself of the many natural and artificial compounds that would otherwise reach toxic levels. They play a pivotal role in the tropos... | 0 |
80,678 | Air quality criteria for ozone and related photochemical oxidants | null | 2,000 | null | 0 |
13,049 | Development of damage function for stratospheric ozone layer depletion: a tool towards the improvement of the quality of life cycle impact assessment | Hayashi, K; Itsubo, N; Inaba, A | 2,000 | The purpose of our study was to develop damage functions due to ozone layer depiction, that related the emission of ozone depleting substances (ODS) to the damage of category endpoints. The ozone layer depletion causes many types of damage such as skin cancer, cataract, adverse effect to crop and plant growth. We asses... | 0 |
35,295 | Simulations of stomatal conductance and ozone uptake to Norway spruce saplings in open-top chambers | Karlsson, PE; Pleijel, H; Karlsson, GP; Medin, EL; Skarby, L | 2,000 | A simulation model was developed to estimate the stomatal conductance and ozone flux to Norway spruce saplings in open-top chambers. The model was parameterized against needle conductance measurements that were made on 4-6-year-old spruce saplings, grown in open-top chambers, in July-September during three different se... | 0 |
52,877 | Does ascorbate in the mesophyll cell walls form the first line of defence against ozone? Testing the concept using broad bean (Vicia faba L) | Turcsanyi, E; Lyons, T; Plochl, M; Barnes, J | 2,000 | Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) plants were exposed, in duplicate controlled environment chambers, to charcoal/Purafil(TM)-filtered air (CFA-grown plants) or to 75 nmol mol-1 ozone (O3) for 7 h d-1 (O3-grown plants) for 28 d, and then exposed to 150 nmol mol-1 O3 for 8 h. The concentration of ascorbate (ASC) was determined ... | 0 |
12,047 | Reactions of vitamin E with ozone | Liebler, DC | 2,000 | null | 0 |
27,358 | Influence of elevated ozone and limited nitrogen availability on conifer seedlings in an open-air fumigation system: effects on growth, nutrient content, mycorhiza, needle ultrastructure, starch and secondary compounds | Kainulainen, P; Utriainen, J; Holopainen, JK; Oksanen, J; Holopainen, T | 2,000 | Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) seedlings were exposed to realistically elevated O3 levels in open?air experiments over three growing seasons. The total O3 exposure doses were 1.2 ? (1991), 1.5 ? (1992) and 1.7 ? (1993) ambient levels. During the 1992 and 1993 growing seasons pin... | 0 |
52,311 | Application of SAFER model to the Los Angeles PM10 data | Kim, BM; Henry, RC | 2,000 | The chemical mass balance (CMB) model has been used widely in the PM10 source apportionment study and the PM10 state implementation plan (SIP) development. In its modeling application, the CMB model requires source composition profiles, which can either be measured by source testing or estimated by a multivariate recep... | 0 |
853 | Effects of short-term exposure to 0.2 ppm ozone on biomarkers of inflammation in sputum, exhaled nitric oxide, and lung function in subjects with mild atopic asthma | Newson, EJ; Krishna, MT; Lau, LCK; Howarth, PH; Holgate, ST; Frew, AJ | 2,000 | To gain further insight into the kinetics of airway inflammatory response and explore the possibility of nitric oxide as a surrogate marker of the lower airway inflammatory response to ozone, nine subjects with mild atopic asthma were exposed to filtered air or 0.2 ppm ozone for 2 hours with intermittent exercise. Lung... | 0 |
16,227 | Transport into the Northern Hemisphere lowermost stratosphere revealed by in situ tracer measurements | Ray, EA; Moore, FL; Elkins, JW; Dutton, GS; Fahey, DW; Vomel, H; Oltmans, SJ; Rosenlof, KH | 2,000 | The Lightweight Airborne Chromatograph Experiment (LACE) has made in situ measurements of several long-lived trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower to middle stratosphere as part of the Observations of the Middle Stratosphere (OMS) balloon program. The tracers measured by LACE include several photolytic species... | 0 |
917 | State of the air: 2000 | null | 2,000 | This report, State of the Air: 2000, initiates an annual assessment by the American Lung Association to provide citizens with easy-to-understand air pollution summaries of the quality of the air in their communities that are based concrete data and sound science. Cities and counties are assigned grades ranging from "A"... | 0 |
625,817 | Clinical aspects of exhaled nitric oxide | Kharitonov, SA; Barnes, PJ | 2,000 | There has been intense research into the role nitric oxide (NO) plays in physiological and pathological mechanisms and its clinical significance in respiratory medicine. Elevated levels of exhaled levels of exhaled NO in asthma and other inflammatory lung diseases lead to many studies examining NO as potential markers ... | 1 |
2,304 | The human bone marrow response to acute air pollution caused by forest fires | Tan, WC; Qiu, D; Liam, BL; Ng, TP; Lee, SH; Van Eeden, SF; D'Yachkova, Y; Hogg, JC | 2,000 | Atmospheric pollution increases cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality by unexplained mechanisms. Phagocytosis of fine particles (PM10) by rabbit alveolar macrophages elevates white blood cells (WBC) by releasing precursors from the bone marrow and this could contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary disease. ... | 0 |
2,042 | Perinatal and infant mortality and low birth weight among residents near cokeworks in Great Britain | Dolk, H; Pattenden, S; Vrijheid, M; Thakrar, B; Armstrong, B | 2,000 | With growing evidence of the adverse health effects of air pollution--especially fine particulates--investigators must concentrate on the fetus, neonate, and infant as potentially vulnerable groups. Cokeworks are a major source of smoke and sulfur dioxide. In the current study, the authors investigated whether populati... | 0 |
52,442 | Appendix I : Interpretation of the 8-hour primary and secondary national ambient air quality standards for ozone | null | 2,000 | This appendix explains the data handling conventions and computations necessary for determining whether the national 8-hour primary and secondary ambient air quality standards for ozone specified in section 50.10 are met at an ambient ozone air quality monitoring site. Ozone is measured in the ambient air by a referenc... | 0 |
13,025 | Volatile aromatic hydrocarbons and dicarboxylic acid concentrations in air at an urban site in the Southwestern US | Tran, NK; Steinberg, SM; Johnson, BJ | 2,000 | #Concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and m- and p-xylene were measured at an urban sampling site in Las Vegas, NV by sorbent sampling followed by thermal desorption and determination by GC-PID. Simultaneously, measurements of oxalic, malonic, succinic, and adipic acids were made at the same site... | 0 |
13,555 | Air pollution and daily mortality in seven major cities of Korea, 1991-1997 | Lee, JT; Kim, H; Hong, YC; Kwon, HJ; Schwartz, J; Christiani, DC | 2,000 | Korea Department of Environment. #The relationship between ambient air pollution and daily mortality in seven major cities of Korea for the period 1991-1997 was examined. These cities account for half of the Korean population (about 22 million). The observed concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2, mean=23.3 ppb), ozone ... | 0 |
11,938 | Association of particulate matter components with daily mortality and morbidity in urban populations | Lippmann, M; Ito, K; Nadas, A; Burnett, RT | 2,000 | Indices of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) have been reported to be associated with daily mortality and morbidity in a large number of recent time-series studies. However, the question remains as to which components of PM are responsible for the reported associations. Multiple PM components rarely are measured simu... | 0 |
2,251,957 | Development and evaluation of predictive models for measuring the biological integrity of streams | Hawkins, CP; Norris, RH; Hogue, JN; Feminella, JW | 2,000 | The ratio of the number of observed taxa to that expected to occur in the e of human-caused stress (OIE) is an intuitive and ecologically meaningful measure logical integrity. We examined how OIE ratios derived from stream invertebrate data among 234 unimpaired reference sites and 254 test sites potentially impaired by... | 0 |
13,259 | Prevalence of asthma and rhinitis in relation to long-term exposure to gaseous air pollutants | Ramadour, M; Burel, C; Lanteaume, A; Vervloet, D; Charpin, D; Brisse, F; Dutau, H; Charpin, D | 2,000 | The relationship between long-term exposure to air pollutants, especially with regard to photochemical air pollutants, and asthma prevalence in developed countries is controversial. The objective of this cross-sectional survey was to compare mean levels of the main gaseous air pollutants and prevalence rates of rhiniti... | 1 |
13,234 | Mouse allergen I The prevalence of mouse allergen in inner-city homes | Phipatanakul, W; Eggleston, PA; Wright, EC; Wood, RA | 2,000 | Background: Although mouse allergen is a well-defined cause of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in occupational settings, it has not been well studied in the general population. Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence of mouse allergen in inner-city homes. Methods: A subset of 608 homes from the National Cooperat... | 0 |
1,640,320 | The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study. Part I: Methods and methodologic issues | Samet, JM; Dominici, F; Zeger, SL; Schwartz, J; Dockery, DW | 2,000 | The Health Effects Institute, established in 1980, is an independent and unbiased source of information on the health effects of motor vehicle emissions. HEI supports research on all major pollutants, including regulated pollutants (such as carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter) and unregulat... | 0 |
36,324 | Effects of ozone exposure in open-top chambers on poplar (Populus nigra) and beech (Fagus sylvatica): a comparison | Bortier, K; Detemmerman, L; Ceulemans, R | 2,000 | Rooted cuttings of poplar (Populus nigra) and seedlings of beech (Fagus sylvatica) were exposed to ozone in open-top chambers for one growing season. Three treatments were applied: charcoal-filtered (CF), non-filtered (NF) and non-filtered air plus 30 ppb (nl l-1) ozone (NF+). Extra ozone was only added on clear days, ... | 0 |
2,230 | The influence of Canadian forest fires on pollutant concentrations in the United States | Wotawa, G; Trainer, M | 2,000 | High carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations from uncertain origins occurred episodically in the southeastern United States during the summer of 1995. We show that these episodes were caused by large forest fires in Canada. Over a period of 2 weeks, these natural emissions increased CO concentrations in the southeastern Un... | 0 |
43,646 | Ozone exposure-response relationships for biomass and root/shoot ratio of beech (Fagus sylvatica), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) | Landolt, W; Buhlmann, U; Bleuler, P; Bucher, JB | 2,000 | Current-year seedlings of beech, ash, Norway spruce and Scots pine were exposed during one growing season to different, but moderate, ozone (O3) scenarios representative for Switzerland (50, 85, 100% ambient, 50% ambient+30 nl l-1) in open-top chambers (OTCs) and to ambient O3 concentrations in the field. Biomass signi... | 0 |
16,185 | Clinical comparability of ventolin formulated with hydrofluoroalkane or conventional chlorofluorocarbon propellants in children with asthma | Shapiro, G; Bronsky, E; Murray, A; Barnhart, F; Vandermeer, A; Reisner, C | 2,000 | #BACKGROUND: Aerosolized asthma medications with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants are being phased out because of environmental concerns about the ozone layer. Medications are being reformulated with non-ozone-depleting propellants. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical comparability of albuterol sulfate formulated i... | 0 |
195,787 | Dosimetry of paintings: determination of the degree of chemical change in museum-exposed test paintings by mass spectrometry | van den Brink, OF; Eijkel, GB; Boon, JJ | 2,000 | Painted works of art are constantly exposed to and affected by their environment. The chemical, mechanical and visual characteristics of paintings are subject to changes. The paintings themselves can be seen as dosimeters that integrate the effect of their environment. In the present research, mock paintings are used a... | 0 |
14,570 | A study of personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide using passive samplers | Chao, CYH; Law, A | 2,000 | A group of 60 people from an age of 22 to 45 was selected for a study of their personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2).All the participants were selected from the group of people who spent most of their time at home and in an air-conditioned office environment, which also represented the majority of the people in t... | 0 |
13,072 | Cyclooxygenase metabolites play a different role in ozone-induced pulmonary function decline in asthmatics compared to normals | Alexis, N; Urch, B; Tarlo, S; Corey, P; Pengelly, D; O'Byrne, P; Silverman, F | 2,000 | Indomethacin has been used to demonstrate that cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolites of arachidonic acid play a mechanistic role in ozone-induced spirometric decline in normals (Nm). Since the weight of evidence suggests that asthmatics (Asth) do not differ substantially from Nm subjects in the magnitude of their spirometri... | 1 |
47,080 | Reactive and nonreactive uptake on hydrocarbon soot: HNO3, O3 and N2O5 | Longfellow, CA; Ravishankara, AR; Hanson, DR | 2,000 | The reactive and physical uptakes of HNO3 , O3 , and N2 O5 were examined on hydrocarbon soot by using a flow tube equipped with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer. The uptake of HNO3 at 298 K was found to be reversible, and it did not produce NO2 or NO; i.e., HNO3 was not reduced. The uptake of O3 on to soot was m... | 0 |
43,697 | Difference in ozone uptake in grassland species between open-top chambers and ambient air | Nussbaum, S; Fuhrer, J | 2,000 | #Exposure-response data from open-top chamber (OTC) experiments are often directly applied to ambient air (AA) conditions. Because microclimatic conditions are modified and pollutant uptake by plants may differ (i.e. `chamber effect'), there is concern about the influence of OTCs on these relationships. In addition, AA... | 0 |
92,961 | Interactive effects of atmospheric CO2 and soil-N availability on fine roots of Populus tremuloides | Pregitzer, KS; Zak, DR; Maziasz, J; DeForest, J; Curtis, PS; Lussenhop, J | 2,000 | #The objective of this experiment was to understand how atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and soil-nitrogen (N) availability influence Populus tremuloides fine-root growth and morphology. Soil-N availability may limit the growth response of forests to elevated CO2 and interact with atmospheric CO2 to alter litter qualit... | 0 |
47,706 | Tropospheric ozone trends | Guicherit, R; Roemer, M | 2,000 | Anthropogenic emissions of chemical reactive trace gases have substantially altered the composition of the troposphere. These perturbations have caused tropospheric O3 increases, in particular in the Northern Hemisphere. It remains, however, difficult to accurately establish O3 trends throughout the troposphere because... | 0 |
47,568 | Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx | Atkinson, R | 2,000 | The present status of knowledge of the gas-phase reactions of inorganic Ox, HOx and NOx species and of selected classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing VOCs and nitrogen-containing VOCs] and their degradation products in the troposphere is discussed. Ther... | 0 |
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