REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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43,734 | An ozone flux-response relationship for wheat | Pleijel, H; Danielsson, H; Karlsson, GP; Gelang, J; Karlsson, PE; Sellden, G | 2,000 | #Six open-top chamber experiments with field-grown wheat Triticum aestivum L. (five with spring wheat and one with winter wheat) were combined to test which of the two ozone exposure indices, AOT40 and CFO3, that provided the most consistent relationship between relative yield loss and ozone exposure. AOT40 is the accu... | 0 |
1,142 | Feasibility study of prolonged ozone inhalation exposure via face mask | Adams, WC | 2,000 | American Petroleum Institute. Because of the interest attendant to establishing an 8-h ozone (O(3)) federal air quality standard, acute pulmonary function responses to prolonged (6.6 to 8 h) O(3) exposure between 0.08 and 0. 24 ppm have been examined in chamber studies. Given time constraints for O(3) concentration cha... | 0 |
52,488 | A REMPI method for the ultrasensitive detection of NO and NO2 using atmospheric pressure laser ionization mass spectrometry | Garnica, RM; Appel, MF; Eagan, L; Mckeachie, , JR; Benter, T | 2,000 | We report on the development of a quasi-simultaneous highly selective method for NO and NO2 detection at the ultratrace level. Atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI), recently introduced by our group, is used to detect both compounds at low parts per trillion by volume (pptv) mixing ratios. APLI is based on reson... | 0 |
17,413 | Ozone-induced micronuclei frequency in rat alveolar Type II cells | Chorvatovicova, D; Hoet, PHM; Tatrai, E; Kovacikova, Z | 2,000 | The effect of ozone, a ubiquitous air pollutant, was tested on cultured pulmonary epithelial type II cells isolated from rats. After 40-hour culture, the cells were exposed for 6 h to 400 ppb of ozone or air. The number of micronucleated cells was counted after the exposure. In each group, 17000 cells were evaluated. T... | 0 |
89,338 | Dissolved organic nitrogen budgets for upland, forested ecosystems in New England | Campbell, JL; Hornbeck, JW; McDowell, WH; Buso, DC; Shanley, JB; Likens, GE | 2,000 | Relatively high deposition of nitrogen (N) in the northeastern United States has caused concern because sites could become N saturated. In the past, mass-balance studies have been used to monitor the N status of sites and to investigate the impact of increased N deposition. Typically, these efforts have focused on diss... | 0 |
55,158 | Aircraft observations of the vertical gradient of biologically effective ultraviolet radiation | Varotsos, C; Kondratyev, KY; Alexandris, D; Chronopoulos, G | 2,000 | Aircraft observations have been carried out of the vertical gradient of the biologically effective downwelling UV irradiance from the sea level up to 10 km over Greece. The radiometric data were obtained during the experimental campaign of the the project entitled 'Radiation Field in the Troposphere'. This campaign too... | 0 |
16,164 | Climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion Early effects on our health in Europe | Kovats, S; Menne, B; McMichael, A; Bertollini, R; Soskolne C eds | 2,000 | N/A. | 0 |
36,602 | Global warming and avian occupancy of hot deserts; a physiological and behavioral perspective | Wolf, B | 2,000 | Avian adjustments to desert environments are characterized by an integration of behavior and physiology. These responses serve to maintain homeostasis and conserve vital resources such as water. The small size of birds confers a close coupling to the thermal environment and demands rapid adjustments to environmental ch... | 0 |
47,824 | Airborne measurements of isoprene, CO, and anthropogenic hydrocarbons and their implications | Goldan, PD; Parrish, DD; Kuster, WC; Trainer, M; Mckeen, SA; Holloway, J; Jobson, BT; Sueper, DT; Fehsenfeld, FC | 2,000 | Measurements of the mixing ratios of light hydrocarbons (C6) were made aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Lockheed Orion WP-3 aircraft during June and July of 1994 and 1995 during a series of flights over the region around Nashville, Tennessee. The measurements were carried out as part of the Na... | 0 |
47,329 | The influence of orbital asymmetry on the kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of ozone with unsaturated compounds | Johnson, D; Rickard, AR; Mcgill, CD; Marston, G | 2,000 | The relative-rate method was used to obtain room temperature rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of ozone with selected chlorinated alkenes, methylene-substituted cycloalkanes and monoterpenes. Measurements were carried out at 298?2 K and 760?10 Torr. The following rate constants, in units of 10-18 cm3 molecule-... | 0 |
55,096 | Chemical effects of UV fluctuations inferred from total ozone and tropospheric aerosol variations | Jonson, JE; Kylling, A; Berntsen, TK; Isaksen, ISA; Zerefos, CS; Kourtidis, K | 2,000 | A regional-scale photochemistry model with 50 km horizontal resolution and 20 layers in the vertical is described. The model's domain includes Europe and most of the North Atlantic and the Arctic region. Model results for the summer months April-September 1996 are presented and compared to measurements. Emphasis is on ... | 0 |
12,013 | Reactive absorption of ozone: an assay for reaction rates of ozone with sulfhydryl compounds and with other biological molecules | Kanofsky, JR; Sima, PD | 2,000 | Introduction. Ozone is toxic to both plants and animals. Because the reactions of ozone with many types of biological molecules are extremely fast, ozone reacts very close to the surface of tissues that are in direct contact with the atmosphere. In animals, ozone reacts with biomolecules present in the fluid lining the... | 0 |
80,060 | Vitamin D and autoimmunity: Is vitamin D status an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence? | Cantorna, MT | 2,000 | The environment in which the encounter of antigen with the immune system occurs determines whether tolerance, infectious immunity, or autoimmunity results. Geographical areas with low supplies of vitamin D (for example Scandinavia) correlate with regions with high incidences of multiple sclerosis, arthritis, and diabet... | 0 |
15,036 | Lung injury, inflammation, and inflammatory stimuli in rats exposed to ozone | Bhalla, DK; Gupta, SK | 2,000 | The effects of ozone (O3) on airway epithelia, inflammation, and expression of inflammatory stimuli were investigated to delineate the mechanisms of inflammatory reactions relevant to lung injury. Because the airway responses to O3 develop gradually, this investigation included a time-sequence analysis. Rats exposed fo... | 1 |
5,786 | Der Einfluss von inhalierbaren Staubpartikeln (PM10) auf Lungenfunktion und respiratorische Symptome bei niederosterreichischen Volksschulkindern [The effect of inhalable particles (PM10) on lung function and respiratory symptoms of school children in Lower-Austria]. | Horak, F, Jr; Studnicka, M; Gartner, C; Neumann, M; Tauber, E; Urbanek, R; Veiter, A; Frischer, T | 2,000 | The effect of PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter) on respiratory symptoms and lung function was evaluated in 881 children (aged 8 to 11 years) in 8 communities in Lower Austria. In each community, air pollution data (PM10, SO2, NO2, O3) were collected. The examination of eachchild included a ques... | 0 |
44,178 | Regional impacts of ozone on forest productivity | Laurence, JA; Ollinger, SV; Woodbury, PB | 2,000 | Introduction Coupled to potential global climate change are all the other stresses that currently affect forest health and productivity. The impacts of disease, insect infestation, nutrient limitation, drought, and atmospheric deposition are dealt with in detail in other chapters of this book. In this chapter, we exa... | 0 |
16,193 | Particulate air pollution and mortality -- clearing the air | Ware, JH | 2,000 | null | 0 |
42,537 | Modelling of stomatal conductance and ozone flux of Norway spruce: Comparison with field data | Emberson, LD; Wieser, G; Ashmore, MR | 2,000 | It has been proposed that stomatal flux of ozone would provide a more reliable basis than ozone exposure indices for the assessment of the risk of ozone damage to vegetation across Europe. However, implementation of this approach requires the development of appropriate models which need to be rigorously tested against ... | 1 |
1,310 | Associations between ambient ozone, hydrocarbons, and childhood wheezy episodes: A prospective observational study in south east London | Buchdahl, R; Willems, CD; Vander, M; Babiker, A | 2,000 | OBJECTIVES: To explore the hypothesis that hydrocarbon species and other air pollutants which accumulate at low and high concentrations of ozone are more directly associated with childhood wheezy episodes than ozone. METHODS: Prospective observational study over 1 year set in the Lewisham district of south east London.... | 0 |
49,017 | Ambient ozone and plant health | Krupa, S; McGrath, MT; Andersen, CP; Booker, FL; Burkey, KO; Chappelka, AH; Chevone, BI; Pell, EJ; Zilinskas, BA | 2,000 | null | 0 |
16,177 | Nasal albumin in a population exposed for the first time to urban pollution | Mochca-Morales, J | 2,000 | #BACKGROUND: High levels of albumin in some biological fluids are generally associated with abnormal process of permeation during an inflammatory response. In some cases, the nasal albumin levels can be used as an indirect molecular marker of epithelial damage. METHODS: We carried out an evaluation study of nasal album... | 0 |
12,991 | Application of the urban airshed model to forecasting next-day peak ozone concentrations in Atlanta, Georgia | Chang, ME; Cardelino, C | 2,000 | Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Twenty-four to forty-eight-hour ozone air quality forecasts are increasingly being used in metropolitan areas to inform the public-about potentially harmful air quality conditions. The forecasts are also behind "ozone action day" programs in which the
public and private sectors ... | 0 |
48,178 | Ozone | Ryan, LK | 2,000 | One of the most important air pollutants that presents a great concern for public health is ozone (03) in the trophospheric portion of the Earth's atmosphere. Trophospheric 03 exists as a key component of photochemical smog. Ozone is a gas that is formed from a series of photochemical reactions involving ultraviolet li... | 0 |
25,793 | Ventilatory variables in normal children during rest and exercise | Rosenthal, M; Bush, A | 2,000 | #The aim of this study was to provide a complete description of normal ventilation at rest and exercise in children and to determine how best to correct for body size. One-hundred and six children aged 8-17 years (55 male) underwent incremental bicycle exercise testing from rest to exhaustion in 3 min, 15 WAm-2 steps a... | 0 |
13,132 | Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 U.S. cities, 1987-1994 | Samet, JM; Dominici, F; Curriero, FC; Coursac, I; Zeger, SL | 2,000 | BACKGROUND: Air pollution in cities has been linked to increased rates of mortality and morbidity in developed and developing countries. Although these findings have helped lead to a tightening of air-quality standards, their validity with respect to public health has been questioned.
METHODS: We assessed the effects... | 0 |
11,432 | Ambient pollution and heart rate variability | Gold, DR; Litonjua, A; Schwartz, J; Lovett, E; Larson, A; Nearing, B; Allen, G; Verrier, M; Cherry, R; Verrier, R | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Background - We investigated associations between ambient pollution levelsand Cardiovascular function in a repeated measures study including 163 observations on twenty-one 53- to 87-year-old active Boston residents observedup to 12 times from June to September 1997. Particles with... | 0 |
25,345 | Effects of controlled ozone exposure in volunteers with cardiovascular disease | Gong, H | 2,000 | We hypothesized, on the basis of epidemiologic and animal toxicologic findings, that exposure to ozone (03) in air pollution can acutely impair cardiovascular function in susceptible human populations. We tested this hypothesis in 10 hypertensive and 6 healthy male volunteers aged 40-78 yr. Each subject, after catheter... | 0 |
79,880 | Ozone uptake by an evergreen forest canopy - temporal variation and possible mechanisms | Mikkelsen, TN; Ro-Paulsen, H; Pilegaard, K; Hovman, MF; Jensen, NO; Christensen, CS; Hummelshoej, P | 2,000 | #Patterns of ozone concentration ([O3]), O3 deposition velocity (vd) and O3 flux (Fc) over an evergreen forest canopy are shown in relation to measuring method, physiological activity of the trees, and time of year. The gradient and eddy correlation methods were compared and showed similar diel vd patterns. Daytime Fc ... | 0 |
46,954 | Modern Spatiotemporal Geostatistics | Christakos, G | 2,000 | null | 0 |
15,968 | Influence of ambient fungal spores on emergency visits for asthma to a regional children's hospital | Dales, RE; Cakmak, S; Burnett, RT; Judek, S; Coates, F; Brook, JR | 2,000 | The impact of ambient aeroallergens on morbidity from childhood asthma is largely unknown. To address this issue, we studied the association between daily emergency department visits for asthma to a childrens' hospital, and daily concentrations of both pollen grains and fungal spores during a 5-yr period between 1993 a... | 0 |
195,317 | Ozone resistance of vulcanized NBR-PVC blends | Livanova, NM; Popov, AA; Karpova, SG; Bogaevskaya, TA; Farmakovskaya, MP | 2,000 | A relationship between structure and ozone resistance of the vulcanized 70 : 30 blends of butadiene-acrylonitrile-rubbers (NBR) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was studied. The samples were prepared from NBR of the SKN-18, SKN-26, and SKN-40 grades and PVC (obtained by emulsion or suspension polymerization) by methods o... | 0 |
12,073 | Evaluation of DNA damage in exfoliated tear duct epithelial cells from individuals exposed to air pollution assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis assay | Rojas, E; Valverde, M; Lopez, MC; Naufal, I; Sanchez, I; Bizarro, P; Lopez, I; Fortoul, TI; Ostrosky-Wegman, P | 2,000 | #The search for relevant target cells for human monitoring purposes has increased during the last few years. Cells such as sperm, buccal or nasal and gastric epithelium are being used. In this study, we report the use of exfoliated tear duct epithelial cells as a potential material for human biomonitoring studies, sinc... | 0 |
13,320 | Model uncertainty and health effect studies for particulate matter | Clyde, M | 2,000 | There are many aspects of model choice that are involved in health effect studies of particulate matter and other pollutants. Some of these choices concern which pollutants and confounding variables should be included in the model, what type of lag structure for the covariates should be used, which interactions need to... | 0 |
2,173 | Endogenous airway acidification: Implications for asthma pathophysiology | Hunt, JF; Fang, K; Malik, R; Snyder, A; Malhotra, N; Platts-Mills, TAE; Gaston, B | 2,000 | Airway concentrations of many reactive nitrogen and oxygen species are high in asthma. The stability and bioactivities of these species are pH-dependent; however, the pH of the airway during acute asthma has not previously been studied. As with gastric and urinary acidification, asthmatic airway acidification could be ... | 1 |
13,241 | Gas-phase formation of water-soluble organic compounds in the atmosphere: a retrosynthetic analysis | Pun, BK; Seigneur, C; Grosjean, D; Saxena, P | 2,000 | Electric Power and Research Institute. Atmospheric particles contain a myriad of organic compounds, including many multifunctional, water-soluble organic compounds. Many of these compounds are postulated to be secondary of origin. This work investigates the possible precursors of several classes of multifunctional, wat... | 0 |
13,100 | Defining the role of CC and CXC chemokines that mediate airway inflammation from ozone-induced oxidative lung injury | Michalec, L; Choudhury, BK; Lett-Brown, M; Postlethwait, E; Sur, S | 2,000 | Ozone (O3) exposure causes oxidative lung injury that induces an influx of inflammatory cells into the airways associated with chemokine production. The present study was designed to identify and elucidate the role of CC and CXC chemokines in O3 induced airway inflammation. In the experimental groups, female Balb/c mic... | 0 |
47,093 | A chamber investigation of nitric acid-soot aerosol chemistry at 298 K | Disselkamp, RS; Carpenter, MA; Cowin, JP | 2,000 | Long-pathlength infrared absorption spectroscopy was used to investigate nitric acid-soot aerosol chemistry at 298 K and 0.5% relative humidity. Experiments were performed by introducing nitric acid vapor (PHNO3 ~ 3 Pa, P~40 kPa) into a teflon-coated chamber and initiating acquisition of infrared spectra at 3 minute ... | 0 |
40,350 | Modelling stomatal ozone flux across Europe | Emberson, L; Ashmore, MR; Cambridge, HM; Simpson, D; Tuovinen, JP | 2,000 | A model has been developed to estimate stomatal ozone flux across Europe for a number of important species. An initial application of this model is illustrated for two species, wheat and beech. The model calculates ozone flux using European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) model ozone concentrations in combin... | 1 |
35,523 | Mobile sources critical review: 1998 NARSTO assessment | Sawyer, RF; Harley, RA; Cadle, SH; Norbeck, JM; Slott, R; Bravo, HA | 2,000 | #Mobile sources of air pollutants encompass a range of vehicle, engine, and fuel combinations. They emit both of the photochemical ozone precursors, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen. The most important source of hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen are light- and heavy-duty on-road vehicles and heavy-duty off-road ve... | 0 |
46,969 | MENTOR-based OPERAS (particle exposure and risk analysis systems): an overview | Georgopoulos, PG; Lioy, PJ | 2,000 | Objective of the MENTOR (Modeling Environment for Total Risk studies) Project is to develop, apply, and evaluate state-of-the-art computational tools that support multiscale source-to-dose studies and exposure assessments for a wide range of environmental contaminants. These tools include both (I) environmental and bio... | 0 |
16,416 | Occupational health concerns in the welding industry | Korczynski, RE | 2,000 | The Workplace Safety and Health Branch initiated a proactive study in the welding industry in Manitoba. Eight welding companies participated in this study. Health concerns raised by welders were welders' flash, sore/red/teary eyes, headaches, nosebleeds, and a black mucous discharge from their nasal membrane. Most weld... | 0 |
16,180 | Ozone and particulate matter air pollution in Wisconsin: trends and estimates of health effects | Daggett, DA; Myers, JD; Anderson, HA | 2,000 | OBJECTIVES: Ozone and particulate matter 10 microns in diameter or less (PM10) are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This paper will report ozone and PM10 trends in Wisconsin and provide estimates of potentially susceptible populations and adverse health outcomes associated with current levels ... | 0 |
28,379 | Global climate change and crop responses: uncertainties associated with the current methodologies | Krupa, SV; Groth, JV | 2,000 | null | 0 |
10,457 | Experimental systems for mechanistic studies of toxicant induced lung inflammation | Wallaert, B; Fahy, O; Tsicopoulos, A; Gosset, P; Tonnel, AB | 2,000 | Human breath contains a large array of complex and poorly characterized mixtures. We can measure the potential risk of these exposures at molecular, cell, organ, organismic levels or in population. This paper emphasizes the characteristics of in vitro tests of lung cells and discusses the use of in vitro systems to det... | 0 |
15,448 | Essential role of the mitochodrial respiratory chain in peroxynitrite-induced strand scission of genomic DNA | Guidarelli, A; Tommasini, I; Fiorani, M; Cantoni, O | 2,000 | A large body of experimental evidence suggests that DNA damage and cytotoxicity mediated by peroxynitrite are linked by a causal relationship and important events in various pathological conditions. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism whereby peroxynitrite causes DNA single strand breakage in intact cel... | 0 |
19,582 | The exchange of ozone between vegetation and atmosphere: Micrometeorological measurement techniques and models | Grunhage, L; Haenel, HD; Jager, HJ | 2,000 | The European critical levels (CLs) to protect vegetation are expressed as an accumulative exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb (nl l-1). In view of the fact that these chamber-derived CLs are based on ozone (O3) concentrations at the top of the canopy the correct application to ambient conditions presupposes the applica... | 0 |
1,702 | Antioxidant and inflammatory response after acute nitrogen dioxide and ozone exposures in C57Bl/6 mice | Johnston, CJ; Reed, CK; Avissar, NE; Gelein, R; Finkelstein, JN | 2,000 | Ozone (O(3)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) are highly reactive and toxic oxidant pollutants. The objective of this study is to compare chemokine, cytokine, and antioxidant changes elicited by acute exposures of O(3) and NO(2) in a genetically sensitive mouse. Eight-week-old C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to 1 or 2.5 ppm ozo... | 0 |
42,726 | Death, disease and dirty power: mortality and health damage due to air pollution from power plants | Schneider, CG | 2,000 | null | 0 |
30,474 | Monitoring of environmental UV radiation by biological dosimeters | Ronto, G; Berces, A; Grof, P; Fekete, A; Kerekgyarto, T; Gaspar, S; Stick, C | 2,000 | As a consequence of the stratospheric ozone layer depletion biological systems can be damaged due to increased UV-B radiation. The aim of biological dosimetry is to establish a quantitative basis for the risk assessment of the biosphere. DNA is the most important target molecule of biological systems having special sen... | 0 |
10,453 | Neutrophil elastase inhibitor, ONO-5046 suppresses ozone-induced airway mucus hypersecretion in guinea pigs | Nogami, H; Aizawa, H; Matsumoto, K; Nakano, H; Koto, H; Miyazaki, H; Hirose, T; Nishima, S; Hara, N | 2,000 | #To investigate the role of neutrophil elastase in ozone-induced airway hypersecretion, we measured goblet cell secretion by using a semiquantitative morphometric technique in guinea pigs. The magnitude of mucus discharge was estimated from the mucus score, which is inversely related to the degree of mucus discharge in... | 0 |
80,058 | Skin cancer in heart transplant recipients: risk factor analysis and relevance of immunosuppressive therapy | Caforio, ALP; Fortina, AB; Piaserico, S; Alaibac, M; Tona, F; Feltrin, G; Pompei, E; Testolin, L; Gambino, A; Volta, SD; Thiene, G; Casarotto, D; Peserico, A | 2,000 | BACKGROUND: The frequency of skin tumors of all types and specifically of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is increased in heart transplantation (HT), but the predisposing risk factors are controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 300 patients (age 49+/-15 years, 258 men, mean follow-up 4.6 years, follow-up range 1 m... | 0 |
12,564 | Clinical implications of inflammation in young children | Bush, A; Tiddens, H; Silverman, M | 2,000 | N/A. | 0 |
782 | The National Exposure Research Laboratory's consolidated human activity database | McCurdy, T; Glen, G; Smith, L; Lakkadi, Y | 2,000 | EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) has combined data from 12 U.S. studies related to human activities into one comprehensive data system that can be accessed via the Internet. The data system is called the Consolidated Human Activity Database (CHAD) and is available at http:// www.epa.gov/nerl/. CHAD co... | 1 |
1,701 | Time course of response to ozone exposure in healthy adult females | Folinsbee, LJ; Hazucha, MJ | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [co. agr. 807392-03]. Ozone exposure causes acute decrements in pulmonary function, increases airway responsiveness, and changes the breathing pattern. We examined these responses in 19 ozone-responsive (DeltaFEV(1) > 5%) young females exposed to both air and 0.35 ppm ozone. The ran... | 1 |
10,331 | Particulate pollution challenges in California | Lloyd, AC | 2,000 | At one time, California's air quality had the dubious distinction of being the worst in the world. Climatic and geographic conditions conducive to the formation and accumulation of pollution combined with emissions from uncontrolled sources to produce 1-hr-average ozone levels of over 0.7 ppm in Los Angeles and 24-hr-a... | 0 |
13,113 | Anthropogenic sources of chlorine and ozone formation in urban atmospheres | Tanaka, PL; Oldfield, S; Neece, JD; Mullins, CB; Allen, DT | 2,000 | #In this paper, we present ambient monitoring data from Houston, TX along with results from environmental chamber studies to suggest that molecular chlorine (Cl-2), a photolytic source of chlorine atoms (Cl-.), may contribute significantly to ozone (O-3) formation in some urban environments. The ambient data were colle... | 0 |
52,300 | Quantifying biogenic and anthropogenic contributions to acetone mixing ratios in a rural environment | Goldstein, AH; Schade, GW | 2,000 | Acetone was one of the most abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) observed in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (California, USA). Mixing ratios were measured hourly above a ponderosa pine plantation using an automated in situ dual-channel GC-FID system throughout July 1997, from July through October 1998, and fluxes we... | 0 |
35,379 | Use of a single-tree simulation model to predict effects of ozone and drought on growth of a white fir tree | Retzlaff, WA; Arthur, MA; Grulke, NE; Weinstein, DA; Gollands, B | 2,000 | A physiologically based, single-tree simulation model, TREGRO, was parameterized with existing phenological, allometric, and growth data and used to predict effects of ozone and drought on growth of a 53-year-old white fir (Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.) tree following a 3-year model simulation. Mu... | 0 |
12,004 | Polyamines in the lung: polyamine uptake and polyamine-linked pathological or toxicological conditions | Hoet, PH; Nemery, B | 2,000 | The natural polyamines putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, and spermine are found in all cells. These (poly)cations exert interactions with anions, e.g., DNA and RNA. This feature represents their best-known direct physiological role in cellular functions: cell growth, division, and differentiation. The lung and, more ... | 0 |
47,383 | Mechanism and kinetics of the reactions of NO2 or HNO3 with alumina as a mineral dust model compound | Borensen, C; Kirchner, U; Scheer, V; Vogt, R; Zellner, R | 2,000 | The reaction of alumina as a model substance for mineral aerosols with NO2 or HNO3 was studied using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The formation of nitrate on the Al2O3 surface was observed in both cases. In addition, during the initial phase of the NO2 reaction, intermediate nit... | 0 |
38,213 | Jasmonic acid signaling modulates ozone-induced hypersensitive cell death | Rao, MV; Lee, HI; Creelman, RA; Mullet, JE; Davis, KR | 2,000 | Recent studies suggest that cross-talk between salicylic acid (SA)-, jasmonic acid (JA)-, and ethylene-dependent signaling pathways regulates plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stress factors. Earlier studies demonstrated that ozone (O3) exposure activates a hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death pathway ... | 0 |
90,364 | Observations of iodine monoxide in the remote marine boundary layer | Allan, BJ; Mcfiggans, G; Plane, JMC; Coe, H | 2,000 | We report measurements of the iodine monoxide (IO) radical in the marine boundary layer at three remote sites: Mace Head (Ireland), Tenerife (Canary Islands), and Cape Grim (Tasmania). IO was observed by long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy using the AII3/2-X2II/2 electronic transition between 415 and... | 0 |
52,866 | Expression of allene oxide synthase determines defense gene activation in tomato | Sivasankar, S; Sheldrick, B; Rothstein, SJ | 2,000 | Allene oxide synthase (AOS; hydroperoxide dehydratase; EC 4.2.1.92) catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid from lipoxygenase-derived hydroperoxides of free fatty acids. Using the AOS cDNA from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), in which the role of jasmonic acid in wound-induced defense gene activ... | 0 |
14,986 | Ozone: The good, the bad, and the ugly | Williams, LK; Langley, R; Howell, RJ | 2,000 | Environmental ozone poses risks to public health, especially in the summer months. The North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is concerned about those risks. The scientific literature, including United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) documents, shows that individuals with underlyi... | 0 |
26,693 | Effects of pre-exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation on responses of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv New Yorker) to ozone in ambient and elevated carbon dioxide | Hao, X; Hale, BA; Ormrod, DP; Papadopoulos, AP | 2,000 | Patterns of environmental change in the biosphere include concurrent and sequential combinations of increasing ultraviolet (UV-B) and ozone (O3) at increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; long-term changes are resulting mainly from stratospheric O3 depletion, greater tropospheric O3 photochemical synthesis, and increas... | 0 |
35,672 | Mutagenicity in lung of Big Blue(R) mice and induction of tandem-base substitutions in Salmonella by the air pollutant peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN): Predicted formation of intrastrand cross-links | DeMarini, DM; Shelton, ML; Kohan, MJ; Hudgens, EE; Kleindienst, TE; Ball, LM; Walsh, D; de Boer, JG; Lewis-Bevan, L; Rabinowitz, , JR; Claxton, LD; Lewtas, J | 2,000 | Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is a ubiquitous air pollutant formed from NO2 reacting with acetoxy radicals generated from ambient aldehydes in the presence of sunlight and ozone. It contributes to eye irritation associated with photochemical smog and is present in most urban air. PAN was generated in a chamber containing ... | 0 |
47,097 | Reaction of OH + NO2 + M: a new view | Golden, DM; Smith, GP | 2,000 | A reexamination of data and theoretical computations for the title reaction leads to the conclusion that both HONO2 (nitric acid) and HOONO (pernitrous acid) can be formed. We describe hindered-Gorin RRKM calculations that fit most of the extant data and explain differences among the studies. We conclude that the rate ... | 0 |
47,045 | Is urban asthma caused by methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE)? | Joseph, P | 2,000 | null | 0 |
12,530 | Interstrain variation in murine susceptibility to inhaled acid-coated particles | Ohtsuka, Y; Clarke, RW; Mitzner, W; Brunson, K; Jakab, GJ; Kleeberger, SR | 2,000 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between concentration of acid aerosol and increased morbidity and mortality in many urban environments. To determine whether genetic background is an important risk ... | 0 |
783,365 | Oxidative stress causes vascular dysfunction in the placenta | Myatt, L; Kossenjans, W; Sahay, R; Eis, A; Brockman, D | 2,000 | Increased production of superoxide and nitric oxide may produce oxidative stress in the placenta by formation of the prooxidant peroxynitrite, which itself causes vascular dysfunction. Nitrotyrosine residues, which are a marker of peroxynitrite formation and action, are found in placental vessels of preeclamptic and di... | 1 |
26,472 | Suitability of process-based tree growth models for addressing tree response to climate change | Constable, JVH; Friend, AL | 2,000 | Empirical models of tree growth have been used for many years to predict timber yields and other properties of trees. However, such models rely on measured relationships between tree growth and historic environmental conditions. As anthropogenic actions alter the environment, especially atmospheric composition, empiric... | 0 |
52,927 | Seasonal ozone response of mature beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) at high altitude in the Bavarian Forest (Germany) in comparison with young beech grown in the field and in phytotrons | Baumgarten, M; Werner, H; Haberle, KH; Emberson, LD; Fabian, P; Matyssek, R | 2,000 | Mature beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) grown at two different altitudes in the Bavarian forest were compared with young beech trees grown at nearby field sites or in phytotrons for their macroscopic and physiological responses to different ozone (O3) exposures. Cumulative O3 exposure expressed as the sum of hourly mean c... | 0 |
6,124 | Potential impacts of compressed natural gas in the vehicular fleet of Mexico City | Schifter, I; Diaz, L; Lopez-Salinas, E; Avalos, S | 2,000 | #One of the control measures to decrease urban air pollution in Mexico City is the introduction of compressed natural gas in gasoline-powered vehicles. In this study, an in-use vehicular fleet, representative of Mexico City's total vehicle population, was selected and converted to use natural gas. A comparison of emiss... | 0 |
16,162 | Effects of ambient ozone on lung function in children over a two-summer period | Kopp, MV; Bohnet, W; Frischer, T; Ulmer, C; Studnicka, M; Ihorst, G; Gardner, C; Forster, J; Urbanek, R; Kuehr, J | 2,000 | There is a general consensus that short term exposure to ozone (O3) causes a decrease in lung function parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). The objective of this study was to assess the reproducibility of lung function decrements after ambient O3 exposure ove... | 0 |
47,084 | FTIR spectroscopic investigation of the mechanism and kinetics of the heterogeneous reactions of NO2 and HNO3 with soot | Kirchner, U; Scheer, V; Vogt, R | 2,000 | Soot samples from a spark generator, a flame, and a diesel passenger car were either collected on a Teflon filter and transferred to an IR-transparent window or deposited directly from a flame onto the window and investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The soot-covered windows were mounted in a ... | 0 |
55,444 | The economic benefits to agriculture of a reduction of low-level ozone pollution in The Netherlands | Kuik, OJ; Helming, JFM; Dorland, C; Spaninks, FA | 2,000 | null | 0 |
12,721 | Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in critically ill patients (Radicali liberi e composti reattivi dell'ossigeno (ROS) nei pazienti critici) | Iapichino, G; Ferla, L; Pezzi, A; Porta, F | 2,000 | N/A-in Italian. | 0 |
12,556 | Gene knockout models of asthma | Kips, JC; Tournoy, KG; Pauwels, RA | 2,000 | N/A. | 0 |
13,304 | Toxicity of chemical components of ambient fine particulate matter (PM25) inhaled by aged rats | Kleinman, MT; Bufalino, C; Rasmussen, R; Hyde, D; Bhalla, DK; Mautz, WJ | 2,000 | The toxicity of two important chemical components of fine ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5) - ammonium bisulfate (ABS) and elemental carbon (C) - was studied using aged (senescent) rats. The study tested the hypotheses that fine particle exposure can damage lungs and impair host defenses in aged rats and that ozone w... | 0 |
26,688 | Effects of high light and ozone fumigation on photosynthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris | Guidi, L; Tonini, M; Soldatini, GF | 2,000 | In the present work, the aim was to study the combined effects of high irradiance (about 1000 AmolAm-2As-1) on the effects of O3 (150 nLAL-1 for 2 h) on the photosynthetic process of primary pinto (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaves. The CO2 assimilation rate significantly decreased in high light and/or O3-treated leaves, a... | 0 |
1,756 | Associations between mortality and air pollution in central Europe | Peters, A; Skorkovsky, J; Kotesovec, F; Brynda, J; Spix, C; Wichmann, HE; Heinrich, J | 2,000 | Bayerisches Staatsministerium fur Landesentwicklung und Umweltfragen and the Fund for Regional Development of the European Union. #Increased mortality has been observed in association with elevated concentrations of air pollutants in European cities and in the United States. We reassessed the effects of particulate ma... | 0 |
12,984 | Effect of respiratory pattern on ozone injury to the airways of isolated rat lungs | Joad, JP; Bric, JM; Weir, AJ; Putney, L; Hyde, DM; Postlewait, EM; Plopper, CG | 2,000 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute of Health; California Tobacco-Related Research Program. Ozone stimulates the "defensive" C-fibers in the lungs, changing breathing pattern to rapid and shallow. We hypothesized that when ozone is administered to the isolated lung with a rapid shall... | 0 |
13,250 | Daily concentrations of air pollution and plasma fibrinogen in London | Pekkanen, J; Brunner, EJ; Anderson, HR; Tiittanen, P; Atkinson, RW | 2,000 | Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Health and Safety Executive; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Ageing; Agency for Health Care Policy Research; New England Medical Centre Division of Health Improvement; Institute for Work and Health, Toronto; John D. and Catherine T. Ma... | 0 |
15,447 | Childhood asthma: aspects of global environment, genetics and management | Yang, KD | 2,000 | #The prevalence of asthma in children dramatically increased over the past two decades. In Taiwan, the prevalence of childhood asthma has risen to around 10% in the 1990s, in contrast to a prevalence of about 1% in the 1970s. Currently, Australia and New Zealand have the highest prevalence in the world (> 15%). African... | 0 |
52,245 | The nitrate radical in the remote marine boundary layer | Allan, BJ; Mcfiggans, G; Plane, JMC; Coe, H; Mcfadyen, GG | 2,000 | The technique of differential optical absorption spectroscopy has been used to determine the nitrate radical (NO3) concentration in the remote marine boundary layer. The instrument was deployed in campaigns at Mace Head on the west coast of Ireland and on the north coast of Tenerife. A comprehensive set of NO3 measure... | 0 |
30,317 | Interactive effects of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on growth and yield of leaf rust-infected versus non-infected wheat | Tiedemann, AV; Firsching, KH | 2,000 | #Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Turbo) was grown from seedling emergence to maturity (129 days) in chambers simulating the physical climate and ozone pollution of a field site in Northern Germany from 1 April to 31 July with a mean 1-h daily maximum of 61.5-62.4 nl l-1 ozone compared to a constant low level of ... | 0 |
48,307 | Nocturnal secondary ozone concentration maxima analysed by sodar observation and surface measurements | Reitebuch, O; Strassburger, A; Emeis, S; Kuttler, W | 2,000 | #The occurrence of nocturnal secondary ozone maxima was investigated by ground-level meteorological and air quality measurements in an urban park in Essen, Germany, during 29 individual summer measurement campaigns between May 1995 and September 1997. In addition, during an intensive measurement campaign in May 1997, S... | 0 |
52,836 | A leaf lipoxygenase of potato induced specifically by pathogen infection | Kolomiets, MV; Chen, H; Gladon, RJ; Braun, EJ; Hannapel, DJ | 2,000 | Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity has been identified consistently during pathogen-induced defense responses. Here we report the involvement of a specific leaf LOX gene of potato (Solanum tuberosum), designated POTLX-3 (GenBank/EMBL accession no. U60202), in defense responses against pathogens. The sequence of POTLX-3 does n... | 0 |
11,661 | Effects of air pollutants on exercise | Folinsbee, LJ | 2,000 | CONCLUSION: Air quality can have important effects on breathing discomfort, lung function, and exercise performance. The major pollutants affecting exercise performance are ozone, which causes respiratory symptoms and lung function decrements, and carbon | 0 |
15,441 | Studies on the biological effects of ozone: 11 Release of factors from human endothelial cells | Valacchi, G; Bocci, V | 2,000 | BACKGROUND: Empirical observations have shown that ozonated autohemotherapy markedly improves the symptoms of chronic limb ischemia (muscular pain at rest, intermittent claudication, etc) in atherosclerotic patients, but mechanisms of action remain unclear. AIMS: Human endothelial cells (HUVECs) are known to release ni... | 0 |
14,578 | Special issue on statistical analysis of particulate matter in air pollution data | Cullen, AC; Guttorp, P; Smith, RL | 2,000 | Last 2 paragraphs. While there are indeed many studies that have presented statistical evidence for health effects of one form or another, these studies have not focused specifically on quantifying the uncertainty in the health benefits of one plausible standard versus another. Yet it is surely feasible to make such ca... | 0 |
2,745 | Serum clara cell protein: A sensitive biomarker of increased lung epithelium permeability caused by ambient ozone | Broeckaert, F; Arsalane, K; Hermans, C; Bergamaschi, E; Brustolin, A; Mutti, A; Bernard, A | 2,000 | Ozone in ambient air may cause various effects on human health, including decreased lung function, asthma exacerbation, and even premature mortality. These effects have been evidenced using various clinical indicators that, although sensitive, do not specifically evaluate the O3-increased lung epithelium permeability. ... | 0 |
13,073 | Protection against ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation and cell death by endotoxin pretreatment in mice: role of HO-1 | Li, L; Hamilton, RF, Jr; Holian, A | 2,000 | National Institutes of Health. Ozone is a ubiquitous air pollutant that can cause acute pulmonary inflammation and cell injury and may contribute to the exacerbation of chronic pulmonary diseases. The molecular mechanisms of ozone-induced cell injury, as well as protective mechanisms against ozone-injury, are not well ... | 0 |
5,768 | Penetration of evaporative emissions into a home from an M85-fueled vehicle parked in an attached garage | Tsai, PY; Weisel, CP | 2,000 | The use of both oxygenated fuels in carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas and reformulated gasoline in ozone nonattainment areas has been mandated by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Methanol has been proposed as an alternative fuel for CO nonattainment areas. Its use will potentially increase indoor methanol inha... | 0 |
47,033 | Radon, ozone, asthma, lead: WMJ delves into environmental health | Meyer, TC | 2,000 | N/A. | 0 |
16,188 | Long-term exposure to ozone increases acute pulmonary centriacinar injury by 1-nitronaphthalene: I Region-specific enzyme activity | Paige, RC; Royce, FH; Plopper, CG; Buckpitt, AR | 2,000 | To test whether exposure to ozone alters pulmonary cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-mediated metabolism of xenobiotics, rates of 1-nitronaphthalene (1-NN) metabolism were measured in microsomes prepared from trachea, intrapulmonary airways, and distal lung of rats exposed to filtered air (FA) or ozone (O(3)) (0.8 ppm 8 ... | 0 |
16,930 | The effect of ozone on below-ground carbon allocation in wheat | Mccrady, JK; Andersen, CP | 2,000 | Short-term (14)CO(2) pulse and chase experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effect of ozone on below-ground carbon allocation in spring wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. 'ANZA'). Wheat seedlings were grown in a sand-hydroponic system and exposed to either high ozone (38-40 ppm-h) or low ozone (23-31... | 0 |
48,879 | Leaf morphology and ozone sensitivity of two open pollinated genotypes of black cherry (Prunus serotina) seedlings | Ferdinand, JA; Fredericksen, TS; Kouteric, KB; Skelly, JM | 2,000 | Two black cherry families differing in sensitivity to ozone (O3) were used to test the hypothesis that leaf morphology is related to foliar sensitivity to O3. Two uninjured sections of leaf tissue were sampled from a single leaf collected from each of 12 open-grown O3-tolerant and 12 O3-sensitive seedlings. Standard hi... | 0 |
79,885 | Role of climate, crown position, tree age and altitude in calculated ozone flux into needles of Picea abies and Pinus cembra: a synthesis | Wieser, G; Hasler, R; Gotz, B; Koch, W; Havranek, WM | 2,000 | #Ozone (O3) flux into Norway spruce (Picea abies) and cembran pine (Pinus cembra) needles was estimated under ambient conditions at six rural sites between 580 and 1950 m a.s.l. We also assessed age-related differences in O3 flux by examining changes in leaf conductance across the life span of Norway spruce. At the lea... | 0 |
16,172 | Respiratory tract pathology and cytokine imbalance in clinically healthy children chronically and sequentially exposed to air pollutants | Calderon-Garcidue?as, L; Devlin, RB; Miller, FJ | 2,000 | Chronic exposure of children to a complex mixture of air pollutants leads to recurrent episodes of upper and lower respiratory tract injury. An altered nasal mucociliary apparatus leaves the distal acinar airways more vulnerable to reactive gases and particulate matter (PM). The heterogeneity of structure in the human ... | 0 |
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