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47,728
Increasing background ozone in surface air over the United States
Lin, CY; Jacob, DJ; Munger, JW; Fiore, AM
2,000
The long-term trend of background O3 in surface air over the United States from 1980 to 1998 is examined using monthly probability distributions of daily maximum 8-hour average O3 concentrations at a large ensemble of rural sites. Ozone concentrations have decreased at the high end of the probability distribution (refl...
0
55,171
Erythemal weighted ultraviolet trends over northern latitudes
Ziemke, JR; Chandra, S; Herman, J; Varotsos, C
2,000
This study examines the distribution of long-term trends in ground-level erythemally-weighted ultraviolet-B (UVB, wavelengths 290-320 nm) exposures in the northern latitudes for the period 1979-1991 using measurements from the Nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer instrument. Zonal mean erythemal UV data show [gamm...
0
16,187
Long-term exposure to ozone increases acute pulmonary centriacinar injury by 1-nitronaphthalene: II Quantitative histopathology
Paige, RC; Wong, V; Plopper, CG
2,000
Long-term exposure to the oxidant air pollutant ozone (O(3)) is associated with tolerance to the acute effects of oxidant injury. To test whether this resistance to acute injury extends to bioactivated pulmonary toxicants, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to filtered air (FA) or 0.8 ppm O(3) (8 h/day) for 90 days...
0
47,042
Winds of change Reducing transboundary air pollutants
Reuther, CG
2,000
#Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, persistent organic pollutants, particulate matter, and heavy metals---air pollutants once thought to be problems that could be solved locally, where the effects occur---are all currently being discussed in international forums. A spate of meetings and agreem...
0
43,693
Seedling insensitivity to ozone for three conifer species native to Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Neufeld, HS; Lee, EH; Renfro, JR; Hacker, WD
2,000
#Field symptoms typical of ozone injury have been observed on several conifer species in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and tropospheric ozone levels in the Park can be high, suggesting that ozone may be causing growth impairment of these plants. The objective of this research was to test the ozone sensitivity of...
1
13,060
Stereoselectivity at the "beta"2-adrenoceptor on macrophages is a major determinant of the anti-inflammatory effects of "beta"2-agonists
Izeboud, CA; Vermeulen, RM; Zwart, A; Voss, HP; Van Miert, ASJP; Witkamp, RF
2,000
Previous research has shown that f3-adrenoceptor (J3-AR) agonists have potent anti-inflammatory capabilites. e.g. represented by suppression of release of the proinflammatory cytokines. Aim of this research was to determine whether the effects of "beta"-agonists on LPS-induced TNF"alpha" and IL-10 release are influence...
0
35,260
An international cooperative programme indicates the widespread occurrence of ozone injury on crops
Benton, J; Fuhrer, J; Gimeno, BS; Skarby, L; Palmer-Brown, D; Ball, G; Roadknight, C; Mills, G
2,000
The UN/ECE ICP-Vegetation1 routinely investigates the effects of ambient ozone pollution on crops throughout Europe. Each year, a series of co-ordinated ambient air experiments are conducted over a large area of Europe and a range of crop species are observed for the occurrence of injury following ozone episodes. In 19...
0
16,496
The nature and mechanism of superoxide production by the electron transport chain: its relevance to aging
Muller, F
2,000
Most biogerontologists agree that oxygen (and nitrogen) free radicals play a major role in the process of aging. The evidence strongly suggests that the electron transport chain, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is the major source of reactive oxygen species in animal cells. It has been reported that there ...
0
14,548
Ozone in indoor environments: concentration and chemistry
Weschler, CJ
2,000
The concentration of indoor ozone depends on a number of factors, including the outdoor ozone concentration, air exchange rates, indoor emission rates, surface removal rates, and reactions between ozone and other chemicals in the air. Outdoor ozone concentrations often display strong diurnal variations, and this adds a...
0
16,170
Clara cell secretory protein (CC16): features as a peripheral lung biomarker
Broeckaert, F; Clippe, A; Knoops, B; Hermans, C; Bernard, A
2,000
Clara cell protein (CC16 or CC10) is a 15.8-kDa protein secreted all along the tracheobronchial tree and especially in the terminal bronchioles where Clara cells are localized. Even though the exact in vivo function of CC16 remains to be clarified, evidence is accumulating that CC16 plays an important protective role i...
0
46,231
Phase transitions of aqueous atmospheric particles
Martin, ST
2,000
N/A.
0
48,180
Ozone production in the New York City urban plume
Kleinman, LI; Daum, PH; Imre, DG; Lee, JH; Lee, YN; Nunnermacker, LJ; Springston, SR; Weinstein-Lloyd, J; Newman, L
2,000
In the summer of 1996 the Department of Energy G-1 aircraft was deployed in the New York City metropolitan area as part of the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone-Northeast effort to determine the causes of elevated O(3) levels in the northeastern United States. Measurements of O(3) , O(3) precursor...
0
52,492
An efficient photolysis system for fast-response NO2 measurements
Ryerson, TB; Williams E, J; Fehsenfeld, FC
2,000
A new photolytic converter for NO2 measurement is described and its performance assessed using laboratory, ground-, and aircraft-based field data. Focusing the output of a 200-W short-arc Hg lamp into a photolytic cell attains conversion fractions of NO2 to NO greater than 0.70 in cell residence times of less than a se...
0
195,329
A study on the advanced oxidation of a cotton fabric by ozone
Prabaharan, M; Nayar, RC; Kumar, NS; Rao, JV
2,000
So-called sdvanced oxidation involves the generation of free radical hydroxy species. Ozone, a highly unstable compound, liberates such radicals, which can be used for bleaching. In this work grey cotton fabric was bleached with an ozone/oxygen gas mixture, and the effects of ozone concentration and treatment time on t...
0
1,860
Ambient PM concentration estimation and population exposure assessment over the eastern US
Vyas, VM; Purushotaman, V; Georgopoulos, PG
2,000
Human exposure assessment models generally involve the coupling of estimates (or observational data) of the spatial and temporal variation of a pollutant in the environment (or in microenvironments such as a residence, a vehicle, etc.), and the activities of populations or individuals. The primary task of any exposure ...
0
46,982
Developing human exposure estimates for indoor/outdoor air pollution in Houston
Rifai, HS; Hopkins, L; Mehdizadeh, F
2,000
N/A.
0
35,403
The effect of ozone in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L): gene expression, biochemical changes and interactions with UV-B radiation
Zinser, C; Jungblut T: Heller, W; Seidlitz, HK; Schnitzler, JP; Ernst, D; Sandermann, H, Jr
2,000
Increased levels of both ozone and ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) are typical for high-altitude sites. Here we report on interactive effects of both stresses on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L). Scots pine seedlings were exposed in a phytotron to a simulated outdoor climate. To assess effects of ozone and of UV-B radiat...
0
40,304
New directions: use and abuse of the AOT40 concept
Ashmore, M; Fuhrer, J
2,000
N/A.
0
1,760
Associations between air pollution and mortality in Phoenix, 1995-1997
Mar, TF; Norris, GA; Koenig, JQ; Larson, TV
2,000
National Institutes of Health; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #We evaluated the association between mortality outcomes in elderly individuals and particulate matter (PM) of varying aerodynamic diameters (in micrometers) [PM10, PM2.5, and PMCF (PM10 minus PM2.5)], and selected particulate and gaseous phase pollu...
0
16,169
Effect of ozone treatment on reactive oxygen species and adenosine production during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion
Peralta, C; Xaus, C; Bartrons, R; Leon, OS; Gelpi, E; Rosello-Catafau, J
2,000
#This study investigates whether ozone could confer protection from hepatic ischemia reperfusion by modifying the accumulation of adenosine and xanthine during ischemia. A significant increase in both adenosine and xanthine accumulation was observed as a consequence of ATP degradation during hepatic ischemia. Adenosine...
0
13,251
The impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fine particles on pregnancy outcome
Dejmek, J; Solansky, I; Benes, I; Lenicek, J; Sram, RJ
2,000
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Agency for International Development; Commission of the European Communities; Czech Ministry of Environment. #The relationship between intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and exposure to particulate matter <= 10 Am (PM10) and particulate matter <= 2.5 Am (PM2.5) in early pr...
0
38,212
Ozone: a tool for probing programmed cell death in plants
Rao, MV; Koch, JR; Davis, KR
2,000
null
0
16,166
Subacute effects of ozone exposure on cultivated human respiratory mucosa
Gosepath, J; Schaefer, D; Brommer, C; Klimek, L; Amedee, RG; Mann, WJ
2,000
This study was designed to investigate subacute effects of long-term exposure of both healthy and chronically inflamed human respiratory mucosa to ozone. Functional and metabolic effects on ciliary beat frequency (CBF), release of interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and gamma interferon (g-INF), as well as cell...
0
48,199
What controls tropospheric ozone?
Lelieveld, J; Dentener, FJ
2,000
We have applied a global three-dimensional chemistry-transport model to quantify the photochemistry of tropospheric O3 and compare the main source categories. We simulated a 15 year period (1979-1993) on the basis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts meteorological reanalyses and a time-varying emi...
0
42,314
A study of the presence of di- and trichloroacetic acid in European soils
Peters, RJB
2,000
null
0
92,947
Effects of elevated CO2, N-fertilization, and season on survival of ponderosa pine fine roots
Johnson, MG; Phillips, DL; Tingey, DT; Storm, MJ
2,000
We used minirhizotrons to assess the effects of elevated CO2, N, and season on the life-span of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) fine roots. CO2 levels were ambient air (A), ambient air + 175 mu mol.mol(-1) (A + 175) and ambient air + 350 mu mol.mol(-1) (A + 350). N treatments were 0, 100, and 200 kg N....
0
11,483
Control of air pollution from new motor vehicles: tier 2 motor vehicle emissions standards and gasoline sulfur control requirements; final rule
null
2,000
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Summary: Today?s action finalizes a major program designed to significantly reduce the emissions from new passenger cars and light trucks, including pickup trucks, vans, minivans, and sport-utility vehicles. These reductions will provide for cleaner air and greater public health p...
0
36,641
Effect of simultaneous ozone and activated carbon treatment on 1,2-dihydroxybenzene genotoxic effects
Mondaca, MA; Carrasco, V; Zaror, CA
2,000
null
0
15,449
Role of mitochondria in ultraviolet-induced oxidative stress
Gniadecki, R; Thorn, T; Vicanova, J; Petersen, A; Wulf, HC
2,000
The biological effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV), such as DNA damage, mutagenesis, cellular aging, and carcinogenesis, are in part mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The major intracellular ROS intermediate is hydrogen peroxide, which is synthesized from superoxide anion O(2)(-) and further metabolized into...
0
43,648
Foliar injury, leaf gas exchange and biomass responses of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh) half-sibling families to ozone exposure
Kouterick, KB; Skelly, JM; Fredericksen, TS; Steiner, KC; Koib, TE; Ferdinand, JA
2,000
Open pollinated families of black cherry seedlings were studied to determine genotypic differences in foliar ozone injury and leaf gas exchange in 1994 and growth response following three growing seasons. An O3-sensitive half-sibling family (R-12) and an O3-tolerant half-sibling family (MO-7) planted in natural soil we...
0
40,429
Passive sampling of ambient, gaseous air pollutants: an assessment from an ecological perspective
Krupa, SV; Legge, AH
2,000
During some past two decades there has been a growing interest among air pollutionuvegetation effects-scientists to use passive sampling systems for quantifying ambient, gaseous air pollutant concentrations, particularly in remote and wilderness areas. On the positive side, excluding the laboratory analysis costs, pass...
0
79,872
Hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxide in the troposphere: A review
Lee, M; Heikes, BG; O'Sullivan, DW
2,000
The current knowledge of gas-phase hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxide in the troposphere is reviewed: chemistry, properties, measurement methodology and tropospheric distribution.
0
55,355
Quantifying simultaneous fluxes of ozone, carbon dioxide and water vapor above a subalpine forest ecosystem
Zeller, K; Nikolov, N
2,000
#Assessing the long-term exchange of trace gases and energy between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is an important priority of the current climate change research. In this regard, it is particularly significant to provide valid data on simultaneous fluxes of carbon, water vapor and pollutants over representa...
0
3,300
Ozone and limonene in indoor air: a source of submicron particle exposure
Wainman, T; Zhang, J; Weschler, CJ; Lioy, PJ
2,000
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute. #Little information currently exists regarding the occurrence of secondary organic aerosol formation in indoor air. Smog chamber studies have demonstrated that high aerosol yields result from the reaction of o...
0
25,145
Climate change impacts on the United States: the potential consequences of climate variability and change Overview
null
2,000
null
0
13,235
Mouse allergen II The relationship of mouse allergen exposure to mouse sensitization and asthma morbidity in inner-city children with asthma
Phipatanakul, W; Eggleston, PA; Wright, EC; Wood, RA; National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study
2,000
Background: Although mouse allergen is known to cause occupational asthma in laboratory workers, its potential significance in home environments has never been studied. Objective: This study was designed to define the prevalence of mouse sensitivity and its relationship to mouse allergen exposure and disease activity i...
0
57,069
Sunscreen use and intentional exposure to ultraviolet A and B radiation: A double blind randomized trial using personal dosimeters
Autier, P; Dore, JF; Reis, AC; Grivegnee, A; Ollivaud, L; Truchetet, F; Chamoun, E; Rotmensz, N; Severi, G; Cesarini, JP
2,000
A previous randomized trial found that sunscreen use could extend intentional sun exposure, thereby possibly increasing the risk of cutaneous melanoma. In a similarly designed trial, we examined the effect of the use of sunscreens having different sun protection factor (SPF) on actual exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) an...
0
52,832
Atmospheric water: transformation of ozone into OH-radicals by sensitized photoreactions or black carbon
Jans, U; Hoigne, J
2,000
In droplets of clouds and fog the transformation of ozone (O3) to secondary oxidants, such as hydroxyl radicals (OH), is an important process. As demonstrated by experiments on model solutions, chromophoric compounds, represented by ubiquitous iron(III)-oxalato complexes, act as primary photoreactants. Upon photolysis ...
0
55,521
Use of protective chemicals to assess the effects of ambient ozone on plants
Manning, WJ
2,000
null
0
30,207
Effects of elevated carbon dioxide, ozone and water availability on spring wheat growth and yield
Pleijel, H; Gelang, J; Sild, E; Danielsson, H; Younis, S; Karlsson, PE; Wallin, G; Skarby, L; Sellden, G
2,000
Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Dragon) was exposed to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), alone (1995) or in combination with two levels of increased ozone (O3) (1994) or increased irrigation (1996) during three successive growing seasons as part of the EU ESPACE-wheat programme and conducted in open-top chambers (O...
0
16,208
Newborn mice differ from adult mice in chemokine and cytokine expression to ozone, but not to endotoxin
Johnston, CJ; Oberdorster, G; Gelein, R; Finkelstein, JN
2,000
Neonatal animals of some mammalian species are more tolerant to several pulmonary oxidative stress-inducing toxicants than adults. Our initial studies during hyperoxic injury demonstrated a rapid chemokine and cytokine response early in the development of injury in newborn mice, whereas adult mice demonstrated little a...
0
52,252
A product study of the OH radical-initiated oxidation of isoprene: formation of C5-unsaturated diols
Ruppert, L; Becker, KH
2,000
#The product formation from the OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene has been investigated in the presence as well as in the absence of NOx. The experiments were carried out in a 1080 l static quartz reactor under atmospheric relevant conditions (room temperature, 900 mbar). Irradiation of isoprene/H2O2/air mixtures was ...
0
46,917
Airborne observations of dust aerosol over the North Atlantic Ocean during ACE 2: indications for heterogeneous ozone destruction
De Reus, M; Dentener, F; Thomas, A; Borrmann, S; Strom, J; Lelieveld, J
2,000
Aerosol size distribution measurements have been performed in the free troposphere during the Second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 2) near Tenerife, Canary Islands, in July 1997. During one measurement flight, on July 8, a uniform aerosol layer was encountered between 2.5 and 5.5 km altitude, characterized b...
0
35,268
Elevated CO2 provides protection from O3 induced photosynthetic damage and chlorophyll loss in flag leaves of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L, cv'Minaret')
Donnelly, A; Jones, MB; Burke, JI; Schneiders, B
2,000
Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. `Minaret') was grown in open-top chambers and exposed to two CO2 concentrations (ambient and 680 ppmv) and two O3 concentrations (ambient and ambient +50 or +90 ppbv) either from anthesis onwards or for the entire growing season. The aim of the experiment was to test whether elev...
0
38,159
Ozone inhibits phloem loading from a transport pool: compartmental efflux analysis in Pima cotton
Grantz, DA; Farrar, JF
2,000
The rate of export of recent photoassimilate from source leaves of Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)is inhibited by ozone (O3). To characterize these effects on export, source leaves of Pima cotton were exposed to pulses (0.75 h) of O3 (0, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 L L-1) followed by pulses of 14CO2. Leaves were monitored...
0
11,408
Risk factors and costs associated with an asthma attack
Hoskins, G; McCowan, C; Neville, RG; Thomas, GE; Smith, B; Silverman, S
2,000
null
0
2,621
Effects of ambient fine and coarse particles on mortality in Phoenix, Arizona
Clyde, MA; Guttorp, P; Sullivan, E
2,000
National Science Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Considerable attention has been given to the health effects of ambient air borne particulate matter as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) revises the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Much of the recent focus has been on the effect...
0
16,695
The relationship between urban airborne pollution and short-term mortality: quantitative and qualitative aspects
Izzotti, A; Parodi, S; Quaglia, A; Fare, C; Vercelli, M
2,000
The influence of airborne pollution on mortality rates has been examined since the well known severe pollution episodes of Pennsylvania (1948) and London (1952). Three main epidemiological approaches are available: transversal studies, time series studies, prospective studies. The most frequently used method is the tim...
0
93,754
Development and evaluation of a state-of-the-science reactive plume model
Karamchandani, P; Santos, L; Sykes, I; Zhang, Y; Tonne, C; Seigneur, C
2,000
We describe the development and evaluation of a new reactive plume model that combines a state-of-the-science puff model with an optimized chemistry model that accurately represents the chemistry of a power plant plume at various stages of its evolution. The puff model uses a second-order closure scheme, allowing for a...
0
12,563
Viral infections and childhood asthma
Kimpen, JLL
2,000
Formulating hypotheses on the pathogenetic links between viral infection in childhood and asthma requires an undisputed definition of asthma. Unfortunately, many wheezing syndromes have been recognized in the pediatric age group, which are the subject of a vivid controversy on the exact terminology. Leaving a detailed ...
0
14,893
Stratospheric ozone depletion: UVB "effects," the neglected aspect
De Fabo, EC
2,000
N/A.
0
54,895
The impacts of weather and pollution on human mortality in Birmingham, Alabama and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Smoyer, KE; Kalkstein, LS; Greene, JS; Ye, H
2,000
Past studies have examined how both extreme weather and atmospheric pollutants influence human mortality. However, the differential and/or synergistic impacts of weather and pollution on mortality are poorly understood. This relationship is particularly notable in summer, when both extreme weather and high pollution ep...
0
17,462
Measuring childhood asthma prevalence before and after the 1997 redesign of the National Health Interview Survey--United States
null
2,000
null
0
30,098
Development of a multi-factor model for predicting the effects of ambient ozone on the biomass of white clover
Mills, G; Ball, G; Hayes, F; Fuhrer, J; Skarby, L; Gimeno, B; De Temmerman, L
2,000
#Results are presented from the UN/ECE ICP Vegetation (International Cooperative Programme on effects of air pollution on natural vegetation and crops) experiments in which ozone(O3)-resistant (NC-R) and -sensitive (NC-S) clones of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Regal) were exposed to ambient O3 episodes at 14 site...
1
1,758
EPA: Airing on the side of caution or pulling standards out of thin air?
Breslin, K
2,000
N/A.
0
52,741
Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants
Buchanan, BB; Gruissem, W; Jones RL eds
2,000
N/A.
0
30,388
Phenological weighting of ozone exposures in the calculation of critical levels for wheat, bean and plantain
Soja, G; Barnes, JD; Posch, M; Vandermeiren, K; Pleijel, H; Mills, G
2,000
#This paper presents phenological weighting factors to be applied to AOT40 (accumulated ozone exposure above a threshold of 40 nl l-1) ozone exposure>response relationships for crops at different growth stages. The quantification of such factors represents a step-forward in the derivation of Level II critical levels fo...
1
17,412
Air pollution and health
Chan-Yeung, MN
2,000
OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of air pollution on health, with special reference to data obtained locally in Hong Kong. DATA SOURCES: Medline literature search (1960-1999), websites of the World Health Organization and Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong, and a report from the Sub-Working Group on the Rev...
0
680,077
Di(isononyl) phthalate (DINP) and di(isodecyl) phthalate (DIDP) are not mutagenic
Mckee, RH; Przygoda, RT; Chirdon, MA; Engelhardt, G; Stanley, M
2,000
Recently there have been reports of liver and kidney tumors in rodents following long-term exposure to di(isononyl) phthalate (DINP). Mechanistic studies suggested that the liver tumors were a consequence of peroxisomal proliferation, whereas the kidney tumors (found only in male rats) were associated with induction of...
0
52,402
Excitation of the primary tropospheric chemical mode in a global three-dimensional model
Wild, O; Prather, MJ
2,000
Coupling of local chemical processes over the globe by atmospheric transport leads to the existence of chemical modes that are a fundamental characterization of global atmospheric chemistry and provide a true description of the atmospheric response to small changes in trace-gas emissions. Such coupled chemistry-transpo...
0
47,545
A three-dimensional total odd nitrogen (NOy) simulation during SONEX using a stretched-grid chemical transport model
Allen, D; Pickering, K; Stenchikov, G; Thompson, A; Kondo, Y
2,000
The relative importance of various odd nitrogen (NOy) sources including lightning, aircraft, and surface emissions on upper tropospheric total odd nitrogen is illustrated as a first application of the three-dimensional Stretched-Grid University of Maryland/Goddard Chemical-Transport Model (SG-GCTM). The SG-GCTM has bee...
0
16,194
Centriacinar region inflammatory disease in young individuals: a comparative study of Miami and Los Angeles residents
Sherwin, RP; Richters, V; Kraft, P; Richters, A
2,000
Semiquantitative measurements of chronic inflammation of the centriacinar region (proximal acinus of lung) were compared between 20 Miami and 18 Los Angeles residents (ages 11-30 years) for whom smoking histories were available. Mean extent and severity scores of four lung sites were higher for Los Angeles than Miami r...
0
2,085
Forecasting summertime surface-level ozone concentrations in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia: an ensemble neural network approach
Cannon, AJ; Lord, ER
2,000
Empirical models for predicting daily maximum hourly average ozone concentrations were developed for 10 monitoring stations in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV) of British Columbia. According to data from 1991 to 1996, ensemble neural network models increased explained variance an average of 7% over multiple linear regress...
0
16,174
Combined effects of aerobiological pollutants, chemical pollutants and meteorological conditions on asthma admissions and A & E attendances in Derbyshire UK, 1993-96
Lewis, SA; Corden, JM; Forster, GE; Newlands, M
2,000
BACKGROUND: The effect of outdoor aeroallergen exposure in asthma may be enhanced by air pollutants, including ozone, nitrogen dioxide and particulates, and by certain weather conditions. It is not yet established whether these interactions are important in determining asthma morbidity at the population level. OBJECTIV...
0
42,025
National Advisory Committee for acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for hazardous substances; proposed AEGL values
null
2,000
null
0
33,735
Development and application of a sensor for real-time microenvironmental and personal ozone measurements
Black, DR
2,000
null
0
10,442
Inflight cabin ozone aboard long duration C-5 airlift missions: a historical issue revisited
Hetrick, SM; Gould, WD; Christensen, DE
2,000
BACKGROUND: Past research has shown that U.S. Air Force C-5 aircrews have been occasionally exposed to ambient, stratospheric ozone concentrations in excess of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ceiling and time-weighted average (TWA) standards. Although strategies such as steering around meteorological areas of hig...
0
85,843
Air quality guidelines for Europe
null
2,000
null
0
30,284
Ozone/biotic disease interactions: molecular biomarkers as a new experimental tool
Sandermann, H, Jr
2,000
#Current climate change scenarios predict a further increase of tropospheric ozone which is well known to inhibit plant photosynthesis and growth processes. Ozone can also predispose plants to enhanced biotic attack, as proposed in particular for necrotrophic fungi, root-rot fungi and bark beetles. However, at present ...
0
13,318
Assessing seasonal confounding and model selection bias in air pollution epidemiology using positive and negative control analyses
Lumley, T; Sheppard, L
2,000
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Much of the evidence for health effects of particulate air pollution has come from ecologic time series studies that regress mortality or morbidity event counts on pollutant data routinely collected for other purposes. The modelling approach typically involves selecting both a lag...
0
80,381
Identification of the oxidation products of the reaction between ?-pinene and hydroxyl radicals by gas and high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection
Van den Bergh, V; Vanhees, I; De Boer, R; Compernolle, F; Vinckier, C
2,000
In this paper an identification method is described for determining the degradation products of the reaction of alpha-pinene with hydroxyl radicals. The study is carried out in a fast-flow reactor equipped with a specially designed microwave cavity (type Surfatron) allowing to operate at pressures up to 100 Torr (1 Tor...
0
16,550
The association between air pollution and heart failure, arrhythmia, embolism, thrombosis, and other cardiovascular causes of death in a time series study
Hoek, G; Brunekreef, B; Fischer, P; Van Wijnen, J
2,001
Netherlands Ministry of the Environment. #In a time series study, air pollution was associated with specific cardiovascular causes of death. Deaths due to heart failure (ICD-9 428), arrhythmia (ICD-9 427), cerebrovascular causes (ICD-9 430-436), and thrombocytic causes (ICD-9 415.1, 433-4, 444, 452-3) were more strongl...
0
18,991
Estimation of leaf area index in open-canopy ponderosa pine forests at different successional stages and management regimes in Oregon
Law, BE; Van Tuyl, S; Cescatti, A; Baldocchi, DD
2,001
Leaf area and its spatial distribution are key parameters in describing canopy characteristics. They determine radiation regimes and influence mass and energy exchange with the atmosphere. The evaluation of leaf area in conifer stands is particularly challenging due to their open nature and clumping on the needle, shoo...
0
16,203
Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of ozone with isoprene, "alpha"- and "beta"-pinene, and limonene as a function of temperature
Khamaganov, VG; Hites, RA
2,001
The rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of ozone with the biogenic hydrocarbons isoprene, "alpha"- and "beta"-pinene, and limonene were measured using the relative rate technique over the temperature range 242-363 K and at 760 Torr total pressure. Helium was the diluent gas, and the reactants were detected by on...
0
80,167
Instrumental recording and biomonitoring of ambient ozone in the Greek countryside
Saitanis, CJ; Karandinos, MG
2,001
#Among eight commercial Greek varieties of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) tested for their ozone-sensitivity levels, the Zichnomirodata (KK6/5) variety was found to be the most sensitive, although less sensitive than the well-known super-sensitive Bel-W3. Besides qualitative differences in the appearance of macroscopic...
0
90,541
Analysis of the relationship between ambient levels of O3, NO2 and NO as a function of NOx in the UK
Clapp, L; Jenkin, M
2,001
Monitoring data from the UK Automatic Urban and Rural Network are used to investigate the relationships between ambient levels of ozone (O3), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as a function of NOx, for levels ranging from those typical of UK rural sites to those observed at polluted urban kerbside sites. Par...
0
51,232
A tropospheric ozone maximum over the Middle East
Li, Q; Jacob, DJ; Logan, JA; Bey, I; Yanto
2,001
null
0
57,763
Responses of plants to UV-B radiation
null
2,001
null
0
195,336
Investigation into the synergistic effect between UV/ozone exposure and peroxide pad-batch bleaching on the printability of wool
Shao, JZ; Liu, JQ; Carr, CM
2,001
The synergistic effect between UV/ozone exposure and hydrogen peroxide pad-batch bleaching on the printability of wool has been investigated. The combination treatment can achieve similar printability to that of chlorinated wool but with the added benefits of a whiter base and no formation of adsorbable organohalogens ...
0
16,503
Dosimetry modeling of highly soluble reactive gases in the respiratory tract
Overton, JH
2,001
The respiratory tract is a portal of entry for many gases. Depending on its properties, an inhaled gas will be absorbed by respiratory tract tissues and liquids in various quantities and rates throughout the respiratory tract. The distribution of an absorbed gas is highly dependent on its solubility and reactivity with...
0
15,366
Ozone air quality over North America: Part II--an analysis of trend detection and attribution techniques
Porter, PS; Rao, ST; Zurbenko, IG; Dunker, AM; Wolff, GT
2,001
Assessment of regulatory programs aimed at improving ambient O3 air quality is of considerable interest to the scientific community and to policymakers. Trend detection, the identification of statistically significant long-term changes, and attribution, linking change to specific climatological and anthropogenic forcin...
0
37,901
The atmospheric chemistry fo glycolaldehyde
Bacher, C; Tyndall, GS; Orlando, JJ
2,001
The chemistry of glycolaldehyde (hydroxyacetaldehyde) relevant to the troposphere has been investigated using UV absorption spectrometry and FTIR absorption spectrometry in an environmental chamber. Quantitative UV absorption spectra have been obtained for the first time. The UV spectrum peaks at 277 nm with a maximum ...
0
50,124
The impact of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases on forest ecosystems: report no 3 of the IUFRO Task Force on Environmental Change
Karnosky, DF; Ceulemans, R; Scarascia-Mugnozza, GE; Ines JL eds
2,001
null
0
12,540
Estimation of emission adjustments from the application of four-dimensional data assimilation to photochemical air quality modeling
Mendoza-Dominguez, A; Russell, AG
2,001
#Four-dimensional data assimilation applied to photochemical air quality modeling is used to suggest adjustments to the emissions inventory of the Atlanta, Georgia metropolitan area. In this approach, a three-dimensional air quality model, coupled with direct sensitivity analysis, develops spatially and temporally vary...
0
25,311
Asthma and urban air pollution
Maynard, RL
2,001
N/A.
0
47,067
Heterogeneous uptake and reaction of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds on the surface of atmospheric particles including oxides, carbonates, soot and mineral dust: implications for the chemical balance of the troposphere
Grassian, VH
2,001
The role of heterogeneous reactions of trace atmospheric gases on solid aerosol surfaces in the troposphere is not well understood. In this review, the heterogeneous chemistry of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds on the surface of atmospherically relevant particles such as oxides, soot, carbonates and mine...
0
92,247
Control of nitrogen export from watersheds by headwater streams
Peterson, BJ; Wollheim, WM; Mulholland, PJ; Webster, JR; Meyer, JL; Tank, JL; Marti, E; Bowden, WB; Valett, HM; Hershey, AE; Mcdowell, WH; Dodds, WK; Hamilton, SK; Gregory, SV; Morrall, DD
2,001
A comparative (15)N-tracer study of nitrogen dynamics in headwater streams from biomes throughout North America demonstrates that streams exert control over nutrient exports to rivers, lakes, and estuaries. The most rapid uptake and transformation of inorganic nitrogen occurred in the smallest streams. Ammonium enterin...
0
16,368
The potential impacts of climate variability and change on air pollution-related health effects in the United States
Bernard, SM; Samet, JM; Grambsch, A; Ebi, KL; Romieu, I
2,001
Climate change may affect exposures to air pollutants by affecting weather, anthropogenic emissions, and biogenic emissions and by changing the distribution and types of airborne allergens. Local temperature, precipitation, clouds, atmospheric water vapor, wind speed, and wind direction influence atmospheric chemical p...
0
55,124
On an improvement of UV index forecast: UV index diagnosis and forecast for Belsk, Poland, in Spring/Summer 1999
Krzyscin, JW; Jaroslawski, J; Sobolewski, P
2,001
A forecast of the UV index for the following day is presented. The standard approach to the UV index modelling is applied, i.e., the clear-sky UV index is multiplied by the UV cloud transmission factor. The input to the clear-sky model (tropospheric ultraviolet and visible-TUV model, Madronich, in: M. Tevini (Ed.), En...
0
53,493
Is there any danger for wild plants from increasing UV-B radiation? The case of Mediterranean plants
Manetas, Y
2,001
We have investigated the possible effects of elevated ultraviolet - B (UV-B) radiation on the growth and aspects of physiology in 13 plant species. Representatives from all functional groups dominating the Mediterranean ecosystems were used and a 15% ozone depletion scenario was applied under field conditions. In most ...
0
17,411
Beneficial clinical effects of ozonated autohemotherapy in chronically dialysed patients with atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower limbs--pilot study
Tylicki, L; Nieweglowski, T; Biedunkiewicz, B; Burakowski, S; Rutkowski, B
2,001
Plastid lipid-associated protein (PAP), a predominant structural protein associated with carotenoids and other non-green neutral lipids in plastids, was shown to be encoded by a single nuclear gene in several species. Here we report three PAP genes in the diploid Brassica rapa; the three PAPs are associated with differ...
0
15,369
Ruling on cleaner diesel leaves Republicans facing a dilemma
Reichhardt, T
2,001
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued strict new regulations governing diesel exhaust from vehicles. The move has been hailed as the most significant single action to improve US air quality since lead in gasoline was banned in 1986.
0
92,010
The long-term effects of land-use history on nitrogen cycling in northern hardwood forests
Goodale, CL; Aber, JD
2,001
Nearly all northeastern U.S. forests have been disturbed by wind, logging, fire, or agriculture over the past several centuries. These disturbances may have long-term impacts on forest carbon and nitrogen cycling, affecting forests' vulnerability to N saturation and their future capacity to store C. We evaluated the lo...
0
53,975
Peroxy radical and related trace gas measurements in the boundary layer above the Atlantic Ocean
Burkert, J; Andres-Hernandez, MD; Stobener, D; Burrows, JP; Weissenmeyer, M; Kraus, A
2,001
Measurements of peroxy radicals (RO2*HO2+"Sigma"RO2, where HO2 is the hydroperoxyl radical and R is an organic group) were made using the chemical amplifier technique (PERCA) during the Air chemistry and Lidar studies of tropospheric and stratospheric species on the Atlantic Ocean (ALBATROSS) campaign on board the Germ...
0
16,691
Reliability of optimal control strategies for photochemical air pollution
Wang, L; Milford, JB
2,001
#This study illustrates how consideration of modeling uncertainties can affect optimal control strategies for urban ozone. Control strategies are investigated for illustrative cases of air parcel trajectories ending at Azusa, CA, and Riverside, CA, on August 28, 1987. The control strategies are designed to achieve a sp...
0
16,675
On performing long-term predictions of ozone using the SOMS model
Vukovich, FM; Gilliland, A; Venkatram, A; Sherwell, J
2,001
Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Power Plant Research Program. #This study examined the potential of using the Simplified Ozone Modeling System (SOMS) (Venkatram et al., 1994. Atmospheric Environment 28, 3665>3678) to generate long-term ozone predictions that may be used to complement the results from more com...
0
48,954
Ozone and broadleaved species: A guide to the identification of ozone-induced foliar injury
Innes, JL; Skelly, JM; Schaub, M
2,001
null
1
150,583
The impact of an air quality advisory program on voluntary mobile source air pollution reduction
Blanken, PD; Dillon, J; Wismann, G
2,001
Air pollution from mobile source emissions is a major cause of air quality degradation in the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan area. The projected increase in both population and vehicle miles driven, coupled with the high altitude, predominantly clear skies, and prevalent wintertime temperature inversions aid in the for...
1
34,527
Transient or persistent asthma-like symptoms and lung growth over 2-year follow-up in pre-adolescent children
Jedrychowski, W; Maugeri, U; Bianchi, I; Flak, E
2,001
BACKGROUND: The main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of transient and continued asthma-like symptoms on lung function growth in preadolescent children. METHODS: The follow-up respiratory health survey has been conducted on the sample of 1,129 children aged 9 years over 2 years follow-up. The basic health...
0
25,362
Oxidative stress in chronic renal failure
Galle, J
2,001
null
0