REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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16,371 | Comments on the process and product of the health impacts assessment component of the national assessment of the potential consequences of climate variability and change for the United States | Bernard, SM; Ebi, KL | 2,001 | In 1990 Congress formed the U.S. Global Change Research Program and required it to conduct a periodic national assessment of the potential impacts of climate variability and change on all regions and select economic/resource sectors of the United States. Between 1998 and 2000, a team of experts collaborated on a health... | 0 |
56,481 | Global air quality: an imperative for long-term observations | null | 2,001 | Human industrial activities including the combustion of fossil fuels, and land-use activities including biomass burning and agriculture, lead to the emission of gases and particles that perturb atmospheric composition in numerous ways. One such perturbation is the build-up of long-lived greenhouse gases including carbo... | 0 |
52,914 | Relating ozone uptake in forest trees to risk assessment | Samuelson, L | 2,001 | #This paper reviews the importance of ozone uptake through plant stomata in understanding plant response to ozone and discusses challenges in quantifying ozone uptake in forest trees. Uncertainties in spatial and temporal scaling of ozone uptake from the leaf to the landscape level, insufficient monitoring of ozone in ... | 0 |
19,037 | Modeling the long-term frequency distribution of regional ozone concentrations using synthetic meteorology | Winner, DA; Cass, GR | 2,001 | Caltech Center for Air Quality Analysis; U.S. Air Force, Palace Knight Program. | 0 |
193,196 | Indirect long-term global radiative cooling from NOX emissions | Wild, O; Prather, MJ; Akimoto, H | 2,001 | Anthropogenic emissions of short?lived, chemically reactive gases, such as NO x and CO, are known to influence climate by altering the chemistry of the global troposphere and thereby the abundance of the greenhouse gases O3, CH4 and the HFCs. This study uses the characteristics of the natural modes of the tropospheric ... | 1 |
187,226 | Influence of nitrogen and phosphorous availability and ozone stress on Norway spruce seedlings | Utriainen, J; Holopainen, T | 2,001 | Four-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies L. (Karst.)) seedlings were exposed to ambient and elevated (1.5 x ambient in 1997 and 1.6 x ambient in 1998) ozone concentrations [O3] and three nitrogen (N) and two phosphorus (P) availabilities: "optimal" values (control); 70% of the control N and P values (LN and LP); and 15... | 0 |
80,695 | Control measure evaluations: the Control Measure Data Base for the National Emissions Trends Inventory (ControlNET) [draft report] | null | 2,001 | The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) established national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for criteria pollutants under section 110 of the Clean Air Act (CAA). To support the development and implementation of the NAAQS and associated policies, EPA... | 0 |
35,267 | Does elevated CO2 ameliorate the impact of O3 on the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis in potato (Solanum tuberosum)? | Donnelly, A; Craigon, J; Black, CR; Colls, JJ; Landon, G | 2,001 | This study examined the impact of season-long exposure to elevated carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and ozone (O(3)), individually and in combination, on leaf chlorophyll content and gas exchange characteristics in potato (Solanum tuberosum: L. cv. Bintje). Plants grown in open-top chambers were exposed to three CO(2) (ambient, ... | 0 |
35,457 | Effect of environmental factors on solar UV measurements | Rafanelli, C | 2,001 | For a correct understanding and interpretation or solar UV data sampled at ground level, several practical and theoretical problems of measurement are shown. In particular, the comparison between either different sites or instruments is thoroughly analysed, and the effects due to O3 level, albedo and cloudiness are dis... | 0 |
55,564 | A 1??1? resolution data set of historical anthropogenic trace gas emissions for the period 1890?1990 | Van Aardenne, JA; Dentener, FJ; Olivier, JGJ; Goldewijk, CGMK; Lelieveld, J | 2,001 | An anthropogenic emissions data set has been constructed for CO2, CO, CH4, nonmethane volatile organic compounds, SO2, NOx, N2O, and NH3 spanning the period 1890-1990. The inventory is based on version 2.0 of the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR 2.0). In EDGAR the emissions are calculated per co... | 1 |
625,862 | Sample size requirements for matched case-control studies of gene-environment interaction | Gauderman, WJ | 2,001 | Consideration of gene-environment (G?E) interaction is becoming increasingly important in the design of new epidemiologic studies. We present a method for computing required sample size or power to detect G?E interaction in the context of three specific designs: the standard matched case-control; the case-sibling, and ... | 0 |
92,761 | Ecosystems and their goods and services | Gitay, H; Brown, S; Easterling, W; Jallow, B | 2,001 | null | 0 |
55,082 | Changes to the surface level solar ultraviolet-B radiation due to haze perturbation | Ilyas, M; Pandy, A; Jaafar, MS | 2,001 | The South-East Asian region experienced a haze episode in 1994 which was widely believed to be due to widespread forest fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan (Indonesia). Broadband measurements of the surface level solar ultraviolet-B, UV-A and Global radiation at Penang (Malaysia) are used to study the effect of the 1994 ha... | 0 |
54,101 | Evaluation of nitrogen dioxide photolysis rates in an urban area using data from the 1997 Southern California Ozone Study | Vuilleumier, L; Bamer, JT; Harley, RA; Brown, NJ | 2,001 | #The photolysis of nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde are two of the most influential reactions in the formation of photochemical air pollution, and their rates are computed using actinic flux determined from a radiative transfer model. In this study, we compare predicted and measured nitrogen dioxide photolysis rate co... | 0 |
80,120 | Impacts of ambient ozone and/or acid mist on the growth of 14 tree species: An open-top chamber study conducted in Japan | Matsumura, H | 2,001 | Young trees of 14 species were exposed to ambient ozone (O3), (charcoal-filtered air [CF] or non-filtered air [NF]) and/or acid mist (pH 5 or 3: SO4 2?, NO3 ?, Cl? at equivalent 1:2:1 ratio) over three seasons (from June 1993 to November 1995) using tunnel-type open-top chambers at two sites (Abiko: 25 m a.s.l. and Aka... | 0 |
19,026 | Statistical estimation of ozone exposure metrics | Blankenship, EE; Stefanski, LA | 2,001 | Data from recent experiments at North Carolina State University and other locations provide a unique opportunity to study the effect of ambient ozone on the growth of clover. The data consist of hourly ozone measurements over a 140 day growing season at eight sites in the US, coupled with clover growth response data me... | 0 |
16,694 | Hyperthyroidism increases the risk of ozone-induced lung toxicity in rats | Huffman, LJ; Judy, DJ; Brumbaugh, K; Frazer, DG; Reynolds, JS; Mckinney, WG; Goldsmith, WT | 2,001 | The risk of lung injury from ozone exposure has been well documented. It is also known that various factors may significantly influence the susceptibility of animals to the toxic effects of ozone. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that hyperthyroidism might be associated with increases in ozone-indu... | 0 |
16,674 | A review of statistical methods for the meteorological adjustment of tropospheric ozone | Thompson, ML; Reynolds, J; Cox, LH; Guttorp, P; Sampson, PD | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; University of Washington, National Research Center on Statistics and the Environment. #A variety of statistical methods for meteorological adjustment of ozone have been proposed in the literature over the last decade for purposes of forecasting, estimating ozone time trends, or inv... | 0 |
90,163 | The internal consistency of the "analyst" diffusive sampler--a long-term field test | Bertoni, G; Toppa, R; Allegerni, I | 2,001 | A recently developed diffusive sampler, intended for use in long-term ambient measurements of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, has been tested to determine the upper limits of its sampling capacity. A test has been performed over 12-month period to evaluate these limits in terms of its ?internal consistency? (i.e. check... | 0 |
13,232 | The effects of ambient air pollution on school absenteeism due to respiratory illnesses | Gilliland, FD; Berhane, K; Rappaport, EB; Thomas, DC; Avol, E; Gauderman, WJ; London, SJ; Margolis, HG; Mcconnell, R; Islam, KT; Peters, JM | 2,001 | We investigated the relations between ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and respirable particles less than 10 Am in diameter (PM10) and school absenteeism in a cohort of 4th-grade school children who resided in 12 southern California communities. An active surveillance system ascertained the numbers and types of abse... | 1 |
16,249 | Observations of ozone formation in power plant plumes and implications for ozone control strategies | Ryerson, TB; Trainer, M; Holloway, JS; Parrish, DD; Huey, LG; Sueper, DT; Frost, GJ; Donnelly, SG; Schauffler, S; Atlas, EL; Kuster, WC; Goldan, PD; Hubler, G; Meagher, JF; Fehsenfeld, FC | 2,001 | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Health of the Atmosphere and Climate and Global Change Research Programs. Data taken in aircraft transects of emissions plumes from rural U.S. coal-fired power plants were used to confirm and quantify the nonlinear dependence of tropospheric ozone formation on plume NOx ... | 1 |
47,914 | Is the climate sensitivity to ozone pertubations enhanced by stratospheric water vapor feedback? | Stuber, N; Ponater, M; Sausen, R | 2,001 | #The climate response to a set of idealized ozone perturbations is investigated by integrations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean model. Although all perturbations, including a homogeneous CO2 increase, induce the same stratosphere adjusted, tropopause radiative forcing, the climate response is quite variable within the ... | 0 |
16,380 | Climate variability and change in the United States: potential impacts on water- and foodborne diseases caused by microbiologic agents | Rose, JB; Epstein, PR; Lipp, EK; Sherman, BH; Bernard, SM; Patz, JA | 2,001 | #Exposure to waterborne and foodborne pathogens can occur via drinking water (associated with fecal contamination), seafood (due to natural microbial hazards, toxins, or wastewater disposal) or fresh produce (irrigated or processed with contaminated water). Weather influences the transport and dissemination of these mi... | 0 |
16,487 | Canines as sentinel species for assessing chronic exposures to air pollutants: part 1 respiratory pathology | Calderon-Garcidue?as, L; Mora-Tiscareno, A; Fordham, LA; Chung, CJ; Garcia, R; Osnaya, N; Hernandez, J; Acuna, H; Gambling, TM; Villarreal-Calderon, A; Carson, J; Koren, HS; Devlin, RB | 2,001 | A complex mixture of air pollutants is present in the ambient air in urban areas. People, animals, and vegetation are chronically and sequentially exposed to outdoor pollutants. The objective of this first of 2 studies is to evaluate by light and electron microscopy the lungs of Mexico City dogs and compare the results... | 0 |
13,799 | A regulatory precedent for hormesis | Marchant, GE | 2,001 | N/A. | 0 |
596,438 | Onset and Persistence of Childhood Asthma: Predictors From Infancy | Klinnert, MD; Nelson, HS; Price, MR; Adinoff, AD; Leung, DYM; Mrazek, DA | 2,001 | ABSTRACT. Objective. In a prospective study of children
with a family history of asthma, asthma onset by 3
years of age was found previously to be positively associated
with variables from the first year of life, including
elevated total immunoglobulin E (IgE), frequent respiratory
infections, and parenting difficultie... | 0 |
657,212 | Isoprene produced by leaves protects the photosynthetic apparatus against ozone damage, quenches ozone products, and reduces lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes | Loreto, F; Velikova, V | 2,001 | Many plants invest carbon to form isoprene. The role of isoprene in plants is unclear, but many experiments showed that isoprene may have a role in protecting plants from thermal damage. A more general antioxidant action has been recently hypothesized on the basis of the protection offered by exogenous isoprene in none... | 1 |
16,504 | Respiratory tract responses to repeated inhalation of an oxidant and acid gas-particle air pollutant mixture | Mautz, WJ; Kleinman, MT; Bhalla, DK; Phalen, RF | 2,001 | The purpose of this study was to examine a broad range of toxicologic responses in rats exposed to a multi-component pollutant atmosphere. Cumulative and adaptive respiratory tract responses to 3 concentrations of an inhaled particle-oxidant mixture were examined in Fisher 344 N rats exposed 4 h/day, 3 days/week for 4 ... | 0 |
16,705 | Estimating long-term population exposure to ozone in urban areas of Europe | Syri, S; Amann, M; Schopp, W; Heyes, C | 2,001 | #Tropospheric ozone concentrations regarded as harmful for human health are frequently encountered in Central Europe in summertime. Although ozone formation generally results from precursors transported over long distances, in urban areas local effects, such as reactions due to nearby emission sources, play a major rol... | 0 |
17,432 | Ozone: An emerging oxidative stressor to skin | Weber, SU; Han, N; Packer, L | 2,001 | null | 0 |
16,643 | Effect of air pollution on daily mortality in Hong Kong | Wong, CM; Ma, S; Hedley, AJ; Lam, TH | 2,001 | #In different weather conditions, constituents and concentrations of pollutants, personal exposure, and biologic responses to air pollution may vary. In this study we assessed the effects of four air pollutants on mortality in both cool and warm seasons in Hong Kong, a subtropical city. Daily counts of mortality, due t... | 0 |
52,296 | Chemistry and oxidation capacity of the nitrate radical in the continental boundary layer near Berlin | Geyer, A; Alicke, B; Konrad, S; Schmitz, T; Stutz, J; Platt, U | 2,001 | The nitrate radical is in many situations the most important nighttime oxidizing species, removing, for example, hydrocarbons, which would otherwise be available to day-time ozone formation. In spite of its importance in the night and probably also under certain conditions during the day, our understanding of the NO3 c... | 0 |
47,065 | Modeling of ozone reactions on aircraft-related soot in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere | Wei, CF; Larson, SM; Patten, KO; Wuebbles, DJ | 2,001 | #Several studies in modeling atmospheric processes have suggested that heterogeneous chemistry on soot emitted from high altitude aircraft could affect stratospheric ozone depletion. However, these modeling studies were limited because they did not adequately consider the decrease in reaction probability with time as t... | 0 |
52,422 | A 1-year Lagrangian "climatology" of airstreams in the Northern Hemisphere troposphere and lowermost stratosphere | Stohl, A | 2,001 | This paper presents a 1-year "climatology" of airstreams, based on a large number of three-dimensional air parcel trajectories started daily from points on a grid covering the Northern Hemisphere troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. Different types of airstreams (warm conveyor belts, dry intrusions, stratosphere-to-... | 0 |
41,561 | Introduction | Polasky, S | 2,001 | null | 0 |
16,489 | Canines as sentinel species for assessing chronic exposures to air pollutants: part 2 cardiac pathology | Calderon-Garcidue?as, L; Gambling, TM; Acuna, H; Garcia, R; Osnaya, N; Monroy, S; Villarreal-Calderon, A; Carson, J; Koren, HS; Devlin, RB | 2,001 | The principal objective of this study is to evaluate by light and electron microscopy (LM, EM) the heart tissues in stray southwest and northeast metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC, NEMMC) dogs and compare their findings to those from 3 less polluted cities (Cuernavaca, Tlaxcala, and Tuxpam). Clinically healthy mongrel do... | 0 |
23,941 | Organic compounds in indoor air--their relevance for perceived indoor air quality? | Wolkoff, P; Nielsen, GD | 2,001 | #It is generally believed that indoor air pollution, one way or another may cause indoor air complaints. However, any association between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentrations and increase of indoor climate complaints, like the sick-building syndrome symptoms, is not straightforward. The reported symptom rat... | 0 |
92,915 | Native invasions, homogenization, and the mismeasure of integrity of fish assemblages | Scott, MC; Helfman, GS | 2,001 | #Human activities, particularly habitat destruction and species introductions, are resulting in increased homogenization of once unique biogeographic regions. In the southeastern United States, extensive endemism occurs among highland fish species that have specialized ecologies, are adapted to cool, clear, nutrient-po... | 0 |
19,440 | Monitoring of atmospheric behaviour of NOx from vehicular traffic | Lal, S; Patil, RS | 2,001 | In recent years the concern about the behaviour of oxides of nitrogen (NOx: NO, NO2) in atmosphere has increased considerably. NOx undergoes various complex atmospheric reactions to generate secondary pollutants which are known to cause severe adverse effects on human health. This work focuses on the study of physical ... | 0 |
48,298 | Trace gas transport and scavenging in PEM-Tropics B South Pacific Convergence Zone convection | Pickering, KE; Thompson, AM; Kim, H; Decaria, AJ; Pfister, L; Kucsera, TL; Witte, JC; Avery, MA; Blake, DR; Crawford, JH; Heikers, BG; Sachse, GW; Sandholm, ST; Talbot, RW | 2,001 | Analysis of chemical transport on Flight 10 of the 1999 Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM) Tropics B mission clarifies the role of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) in establishing ozone and other trace gas distributions in the southwestern tropical Pacific. The SPCZ is found to be a barrier to mixing in the low... | 0 |
57,186 | Satellite retrievals of erythemal UV dose compared with ground-based measurements at northern and southern midlatitudes | Mckenzie, RL; Seckmeyer, G; Bais, AF; Kerr, JB; Madronich, S | 2,001 | In recent years, estimates of UV radiation at the Earth's surface have been obtained from satellite retrievals. These retrievals have been compared with ground-based measurements at a few sites, but so far there have been few comparisons from unpolluted sites. This study compares differences between satellite-derived e... | 0 |
51,285 | Heterogeneous uptake of gaseous N2O5 by (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, and H2SO4 aerosols | Kane, SM; Caloz, F; Leu, MT | 2,001 | The heterogeneous uptake of gaseous N2O5 by ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4, ammonium bisulfate[NH4HSO4], and sulfuric acid [H2SO4] aerosols as a function of relative humidity has been investigated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Ammonium-containing aerosols were generated by a constant-output atomizer and co... | 0 |
90,435 | Spatial and temporal distribution of enhanced boundary layer BrO concentrations measured by the GOME instrument aboard ERS-2 | Wagner, T; Leue, C; Wenig, M; Pfeilsticker, K; Platt, U | 2,001 | The temporal and spatial distribution of enhanced boundary layer BrO concentrations in both hemispheres during 1997 is presented using observations of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) on board the European research satellite ERS-2. BrO concentrations (up to 50 ppt) are the major cause for catalytic boundar... | 0 |
30,199 | Changes in Rubisco and Rubisco activase gene expression and polypeptide content in Pinus halepensis M subjected to ozone and drought | Pelloux, J; Jolivet, Y; Fontaine, V; Banvoy, J; Dizengremel, P | 2,001 | The regulation of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxlase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and Rubisco activase was followed for 3 months in an experiment studying the effects of ozone and water stress on Aleppo pine. Rubisco activity was shown to be reduced by 30% in the presence of ozone, whereas no significant effect of water stress... | 0 |
19,583 | A new flux-oriented concept to derive critical levels for ozone to protect vegetation | Grunhage, L; Krause, GHM; Kollner, B; Bender, J; Weigel, HJ; Jager, HJ; Guderian, R | 2,001 | The current European critical levels for ozone (O3) to protect crops, natural and semi-natural vegetation and forest trees are based on a relative small number of open-top chamber experiments with a very limited number of plant species. Therefore, the working group "Effects of Ozone on Plants" of the Commission on Air ... | 0 |
41,725 | Seasonal changes in above- and belowground carbohydrate concentrations of ponderosa pine along a pollution gradient | Grulke, NE; Andersen, CP; Hogsett, WE | 2,001 | Seasonal patterns of carbohydrate concentration in coarse and fine roots, stem or bole, and foliage of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws) were described across five tree-age classes from seedlings to mature trees at an atmospherically clean site. Relative to all other tree-age classes, seedlings exhibited greater ti... | 0 |
46,959 | Accessing regional and local exposures based upon the 8-hour ozone standard (80 ppb) | Foley, G; Lioy, P; Georgopoulos, PG | 2,001 | With the recent Supreme Court decision to uphold the 1997 change in the ozone NAAQS to 80 ppb for an 8-hour average value, it has become apparent that existing approaches used to assess population exposures of concern must be extended and modified. It is in fact, necessary to clearly define the spatial and temporal att... | 0 |
19,586 | Pediatric advocacy | Paulson, JA | 2,001 | Advocacy is part of the job description of a pediatrician. There is a long history of pediatrician involvement in civil society. Like other skills in pediatrics, the skills required for advocacy activities are learnable. Anyone who can learn the Krebs cycle can learn how to be a child advocate. Being a child advocate i... | 0 |
52,754 | Carbon and nitrogen sensing and signaling in plants: emerging 'matrix effects' | Coruzzi, GM; Zhou, L | 2,001 | Plants, like other organisms, have developed mechanisms that allow them to sense and respond to changes in levels of carbon and nitrogen metabolites. These mechanisms, in turn, regulate the expression of genes and the activities of proteins involved in C and N transport and metabolism, allowing plants to optimize the u... | 0 |
92,076 | Nutrient limitation of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in humic lakes in northern Sweden | Jansson, M; Bergstrom, AK; Drakare, S; Blomqvist, P | 2,001 | 1. Two small humic lakes in northern Sweden with concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) between 15 and 20 mg L-1 were fertilized with inorganic phosphorus (P) and inorganic nitrogen (N), respectively. A third lake was unfertilized and served as a control. In addition to this lake fertilization experiment, dat... | 0 |
53,935 | Evidence for photochemical production of ozone at the South Pole surface | Crawford, JH; Davis, DD; Chen, G; Buhr, M; Oltmans, S; Weller, R; Mauldin, L; Eisele, F; Shetter, R; Lefer, B; Arimoto, R; Hogan, A | 2,001 | Observations of OH, NO, and actinic flux at the South Pole surface during December 1998 suggest a surprisingly active photochemical environment which should result in photochemical production of ozone. Long-term South Pole in situ ozone data as well as sonde data also appear to support this conclusion. Other possible f... | 0 |
57,233 | Physical factors determining ultraviolet radiation flux into ecosystems | Xenopoulos, MA; Schindler, DW | 2,001 | null | 0 |
35,521 | Effects of ozone on marine toad thermoregulatory behavior and immune function | Dohm, MR; Mautz, WJ | 2,001 | Ozone (O3) is a common air pollutant in many urban settings, and in the adjacent wildlife habitats, O3 levels frequently exceed the U.S. federal standard of 0.12 ppm. Ozone is a strong pulmonary irritant and causes a suite of thermoregulatory, metabolic, immunological, and respiratory tract inflammatory responses in hu... | 0 |
42,488 | Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on tuber quality in potato (Solanum tuberosum L) | Donnelly, A; Lawson, T; Craigon, J; Black, CR; Coils, JJ; Landon, G | 2,001 | This study examined the effects of season-long exposure to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or ozone (O3) on tuber quality in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. `Bintje'). Stands of potato were grown to maturity in open-top chambers (OTCs) in 1998 and 1999 under a factorial combination of three CO2 (ambient, 550 and 680... | 0 |
16,225 | Differential effects of airway anesthesia on ozone-induced pulmonary responses in human subjects | Schelegle, ES; Eldridge, MW; Cross, CE; Walby, WF; Adams, WC | 2,001 | National Institutes of Health; American Petroleum Institute; American Automobile Manufacturing Association. #We examined the effect of tetracaine aerosol inhalation, a local anesthetic, on lung volume decrements, rapid shallow breathing, and subjective symptoms of breathing discomfort induced by the acute inhalation of... | 0 |
16,165 | Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 US cities [letter] | Sarnat, JA; Schwartz, J; Suh, HH | 2,001 | N/A. | 0 |
16,738 | Evidence from the Pacific troposphere for large global sources of oxygenated organic compounds | Singh, H; Chen, Y; Staudt, A; Jacob, D; Blake, B; Heikes, B; Snow, J | 2,001 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Global Tropospheric Experiment.The presence of oxygenated organic compounds in the troposphere strongly influences key atmospheric processes. Such oxygenated species are, for example, carriers of reactive nitrogen and are easily photolysed, producing free radicals--and so ... | 0 |
17,234 | Spatial mapping of VOC and NOx-limitation of ozone formation in central California | Blanchard, CL; Fairley, D | 2,001 | Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). #Ambient aerometric data were used to predict whether ozone formation at specific times and locations in central California was limited by the availability of volatile organic compounds (VOC) or oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The predictions were compared with differences b... | 0 |
146,971 | Synoptic weather patterns and their relationship to high ozone concentrations in the Taichung Basin | Cheng, WL | 2,001 | Frequent high ozone days (defined as daily maximum ozone concentration greater than or equal to 80ppb) during recent years in the Taichung Basin have caused much concern. High ozone days occur mainly during autumn and spring. Statistically, there is no clear linear relationship between a single meteorological variable ... | 0 |
42,169 | Modeling aerosol formation from "alpha"-pinene + NOx in the presence of natural sunlight using gas phase kinetics and gas-particle partitioning theory | Kamens, RM; Jaoui, M | 2,001 | A kinetic mechanism was used to link and model the gas-phase reactions and aerosol accumulation resulting from "alpha"-pinene reactions in the presence of sunlight, ozone (O3), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Reaction products and aerosol formation from the kinetic model were compared to outdoor smog chamber experiments ... | 0 |
17,417 | Molecular nature of ultraviolet B light-induced deletions in the murine epidermis | Horiguchi, M; Masumura, KI; Ikehata, H; Ono, T; Kanke, Y; Nohmi, T | 2,001 | Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer leads to an increase in ambient UV loads, which are expected to raise skin cancer incidences. Tumor development in the skin could be a multistep process in which various genetic alterations, such as point mutations and deletions, occur successively. Here, we demonstrate that U... | 0 |
14,775 | Exposure assessment of air pollutants: A review on spatial heterogeneity and indoor/outdoor/personal exposure to suspended particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone | Monn, C | 2,001 | #This review describes databases of small-scale spatial variations and indoor, outdoor and personal measurements of air pollutants with the main focus on suspended particulate matter, and to a lesser extent, nitrogen dioxide and photochemical pollutants. The basic definitions and concepts of an exposure measurement are... | 0 |
21,157 | Perceptions of indoor air quality associated with ventilation system types in elementary schools | Kinshella, MR; Van Dyke, MV; Douglas, KE; Martyny, JW | 2,001 | With the increased utilization of school buildings on a year-round basis, school indoor air quality has become a national concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible associations between ventilation system type and occupant perception of indoor air quality. Staff (n = 403) from 12 schools completed a se... | 0 |
19,587 | Outdoor air polution Asthma and other concerns | Teague, WG; Bayer, CW | 2,001 | Despite governmental efforts to improve the quality of outdoor air, a significant number of children growing up in the US are exposed to airborne pollutants. It is now recognized that infants generally at risk for atrophy when exposed to specific environmental airborne pollutants are more likely to develop asthma. ... | 0 |
16,159 | Effect of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the release of proinflammatory mediators from bronchial epithelial cells of nonatopic nonasthmatic subjects and atopic asthmatic patients in vitro | Bayram, H; Sapsford, RJ; Abdelaziz, MM; Khair, OA | 2,001 | National Asthma Campaign, UK; University of Dicle, Turkey. BACKGROUND: Although studies have suggested that ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effects of O3 and NO2 on the release of IL-8,... | 0 |
11,702 | Measurement of Atlanta aerosol size distributions: observations of ultrafine particle events | Woo, KS; Chen, DR; Pui, DYH; Mcmurry, PH | 2,001 | Electric Power Research Institute. #As part of EPRI's Aerosol Research Inhalation Epidemiology Study (ARIES), measurements of aerosol size distributions in the 3 nm to 2 "mu"m diameter range are being carried out over a 24-month period beginning August 1998 in Atlanta, GA. An automated fine particle sampling system was... | 0 |
94,439 | Childhood sun exposure as a risk factor for melanoma: a systematic review of epidemiologic studies | Whiteman, DC; Whiteman, CA; Green, AC | 2,001 | Objective: To review the evidence that childhood is a period of particular susceptibility to the carcinogenic effects of solar radiation. Methods: Studies were identified through searches of computerized bibliographic databases and article reference lists. Eligible studies were those that reported risks of melanoma as... | 0 |
1,643,464 | Short-term variation in air pollution and in average lung function among never-smokers. The Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) | Schindler, C; Kunzli, N; Bongard, JP; Leuenberger, P; Karrer, W; Rapp, R; Monn, C; Ackermann-Liebrich, U | 2,001 | The present analysis was directed at investigating associations between short-term variations in air pollutant levels (NO2, total suspended particulates [TSP], O3) and cross-sectional lung function (FVC, FEV1, and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of FVC [FEF25-75]) within a random sample of 3,912 adult never-smoker... | 0 |
158,026 | Mercury cycling in boreal ecosystems: The long-term effect of acid rain constituents on peatland pore water methylmercury concentrations | Brian ABranfireun; Kevin Bishop; Nigel TRoulet; Gunnar Granbergand; Mats Nilsson | 2,001 | Sulphate-reducing bacteria have been identified as primary methylators of mercury (Hg) in the laboratory and in field investigations. However, no studies have investigated the effect of long-term deposition of sulphate on methylmercury (MeHg) dynamics in peatlands, which are known to be significant sources of MeHg to d... | 0 |
93,439 | Association between ozone and hospitalization for acute respiratory diseases in children less than 2 years of age | Burnett, RT; Smith-Doiron, M; Stieb, D; Raizenne, ME; Brook, JR; Dales, RE; Leech, JA; Cakmak, S; Krewski, D | 2,001 | To clarify the health effects of ozone exposure in young children, the authors studied the association between air pollution and hospital admissions for acute respiratory problems in children less than 2 years of age during the 15-year period from 1980 to 1994 in Toronto, Canada. The daily time series of admissions was... | 0 |
664,496 | Chemistry-climate interactions in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model 2. New insights into modeling the preindustrial atmosphere | Grenfell, JL; Shindell, DT; Koch, D; Rind, D | 2,001 | We investigate the chemical (hydroxyl and ozone) and dynamical response to changing from present-day to preindustrial conditions in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model. We identify three main improvements not included by many other works. First, our model includes interactive cloud calcula... | 1 |
76,707 | An empirical method for the determination of the complex refractive index of size-fractionated atmospheric aerosols for radiative transfer calculations | Marley, NA; Gaffney, JS; Baird, C; Blazer, CA; Drayton, PJ; Frederick, JE | 2,001 | To adequately assess the effects of atmospheric aerosols on climate, their optical constants (scattering and absorption coefficients) must be known. The absorption and scattering coefficients of the aerosols are derived from the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index and are dependent on their size an... | 0 |
89,630 | Impact a court terme de la pollution atmospherique urbaine sur l'insuffisance respiratoire par bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) Synthese des etudes, publiees de 1962 a janvier 2000 [Short term effect of urban air pollution on respiratory insufficiency due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Synthe... | Desqueyroux, H; Momas, I | 2,001 | This review presents a synthesis of studies published from 1962 to 2000 on the relations between air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): 12 ecological epidemiological studies, 6 epidemiological panel studies, and 11 controlled human exposure trials. The controlled trials, ecological time-based e... | 0 |
20,612 | Aging and oxidative stress: studies of some genes involved both in aging and in response to oxidative stress | Camougrand, N; Rigoulet, M | 2,001 | Aging is a complex physiological phenomenon and several theories have been developed about its origin. Among such theories, the `mitochondrial theory of aging' has been supported by numerous studies and reviews. Cell oxidative damage, in particular the accumulation of mtDNA mutations, is determined by the rate of react... | 0 |
44,140 | Effects of ozone and/or soil water stress on growth and photosynthesis of Fagaus crenata seedlings | Yonekura, T; Dokiya, Y; Fukami, M; Izuta, T | 2,001 | The effects of ozone (O(3)) and soil water stress, singly and in combination, on the growth and photosynthesis of Fagus crenata seedlings were investigated. Four-year-old seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered air (<5 nmol mol(-1) O(3)) or 60 nmol mol(-1) O(3), 7 hours per day (11:00-18:00), for 156 days from 10 ... | 0 |
52,357 | Empirical ozone isopleths as a tool to identify ozone production regimes | Thielman, A; Prevot, ASH; Gruebler, FC; Staelhelin, J | 2,001 | Ozone isopleths plotted with measured values of ozone, hydrocarbons and total reactive nitrogen (NOy) are proposed to visualize ozone production regimes at distinct locations. The applicability of the concept is confirmed with measurements at two distinct sites in the Italian Po Basin. Empirical ozone isopleths at the ... | 0 |
26,130 | Innate antioxidant defense systems in the respiratory tract | Van der Vliet, A; Cross, CE | 2,001 | #INTRO.Besides the skin, the respiratory tract is the major organ that is continuously exposed to the extemal environment. As such, this organ is continuously challenged by a wide variety of exogenous hazards (gaseous air pollutants, cigarette smoke, exhaust particles, allergens, pathogens, etc.) that threaten normal l... | 0 |
52,355 | HOx budgets in a deciduous forest: results from the PROPHET summer 1998 campaign | Tan, D; Faloona, I; Simpas, JB; Brune, W; Shepson, PB; Couch, TL; Sumner, AL; Carroll, MA; Thornberry, T; Apel, E; Riemer, D; Stockwell, W | 2,001 | Results from a tightly constrained photochemical point model for OH and HO2 are compared to OH and HO2 data collected during the Program for Research on Oxidants: Photochemistry, Emissions, and Transport (PROPHET) summer 1998 intensive campaign held in northern Michigan. The PROPHET campaign was located in a deciduous ... | 0 |
16,275 | Health effects of air pollution exposure on children and adolescents in Sao Paulo, Brazil | Braga, ALF; Saldiva, PHN; Pereira, LAA; Menezes, JJC; Conceicao, GMC; Lin, CA; Zanobetti, A; Schwartz, J; Dockery, DW | 2,001 | Children and adolescents have been considered more susceptible to the effects of air pollution than adults. In order to investigate the responses of children of different ages to air pollution exposure, daily records of hospital admissions for children in five age groups (equal or less than 2 years of age, 3-5, 6-13, 1... | 0 |
14,614 | Impact of changes in transportation and commuting behaviors during the 1996 summer olympic games in Atlanta on air quality and childhood asthma | Friedman, MS; Powell, KE; Hutwagner, L; Graham, LM; Teague, WG | 2,001 | Georgia Division of Public Health; Morehouse School of Medicine; Georgia Pediatric Pulmonary Associates; Eggleston Childrens Hospital; Emory University.CONTEXT: Vehicle exhaust is a major source of ozone and other air pollutants. Although high ground-level ozone pollution is associated with transient increases in asthm... | 0 |
72,750 | Ozone forecasting in the urban area of Seville using artificial neural network technology | Reyes, G; Cortes, VJ | 2,001 | null | 0 |
17,420 | Hydroxyl radical adduct of 5-aminosalicylic acid: a potential marker of ozone-induced oxidative stress | Kumarathasan, P; Vincent, R; Goegan, P; Potvin, M; Guenette, J | 2,001 | The use of 5-aminosalicylic acid in assessment of reactive oxygen species formation was investigated by in vitro Fenton and ozonation reactions, and by in vivo ozone-exposure experiments. Enzymatic hydroxylation was evaluated by a microsomal assay. Fischer 344 male rats (250 g) injected with 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 ... | 0 |
28,760 | Elevated CO2 and ozone reduce nitrogen acquisition by Pinus halepensis from its mycorrhizal symbiont | Kytoviita, MM; Le Thiec, D; Dizengremel, P | 2,001 | The effects of 700 Amol mol-1 CO2 and 200 Amol mol-1 ozone on photosynthesis in Pinus halepensis seedlings and on N translocation from its mycorrhizal symbiont, Paxilus involutus, were studied under nutrient-poor conditions. After 79 days of exposure, ozone reduced and elevated CO2 increased net assimilation rate. Howe... | 0 |
35,398 | Effects of elevated ozone and low light on diurnal and seasonal carbon gain in sugar maple | Topa, MA; Vanderklein, DW; Corbin, A | 2,001 | The long-term interactive effects of ozone and light on whole-tree carbon balance of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings were examined, with an emphasis on carbon acquisition, foliar partitioning into starch and soluble sugars, and allocation to growth. Sugar maple seedlings were fumigated with ambient, 1.7 x... | 1 |
195,375 | The action of ozone on polymers having unconjugated and cross- or linearly conjugated unsaturation: Chemistry and technological aspects | Cataldo, F | 2,001 | We review the most recent work on the reaction of unsaturated polymers with ozone. Initially a series of diene polymers with unconjugated double bonds is considered and it is shown that the reaction rate with ozone (in solution) correlates with the free energy of reaction of each molozonide calculated according to MM+ ... | 0 |
16,490 | Allergotoxicology--a research concept to study the role of environmental pollutants in allergy | Behrendt, H; Kramer, U; Schafer, T; Kasche, A; Eberlein-Konig, B; Darsow, U; Ring, J | 2,001 | Background: Allergy is a major health problem in most modern societies. Environmental pollution has been recognized to be harmful to human health, especially with respect to cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and cancerogenicity. The role of environmental pollutants in allergy is still controversial. However, air pollutants a... | 0 |
79,869 | Ozone photochemistry and the role of peroxyacetyl nitrate in the springtime northeastern Pacific troposphere: results from the Photochemical Ozone Budget of the Eastern North Pacific Atmosphere (PHOBEA) campaign | Kotchenruther, RA; Jaffe, DA; Jaegle, L | 2,001 | In the spring of 1999 airborne measurements of NO, O3, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), CO, CH4, H2O, volatile organic compounds, aerosols (particle count, light scattering, and light absorption), NO2 photolysis frequency, and standard meteorological variables were made off the coast of Washington State as part of the Photo... | 0 |
195,263 | Study on aging of clay-rubber masterbatch from modified clay | Chen, M; Ao, NJ; Chen, Y; Yu, HP; Qian, HL; Wang, C; Zhou, HL; Qu, JL; Guo, CK | 2,001 | Clay was modified by using a polymeric coating agent, a silicane coupling agent, and a titanate coupling agent together with the antioxidant for preparing the Clay-rubber masterbatch. After the thermooxidative, photooxidative, and ozone aging, the properties of the masterbatch were also determined. The results indicate... | 0 |
15,583 | Endotoxin enhancement of ozone-induced mucous cell metaplasia is neutrophil-dependent in rat nasal epithelium | Wagner, JG; Van Dyken, SJ; Hotchkiss, JA; Harkema, JR | 2,001 | Ozone, the primary oxidant gas in photochemical smog, causes neutrophilic inflammation and mucous cell metaplasia (MCM) in the nasal transitional epithelium (NTE) of rats and monkeys. Bacterial endotoxin is another common airborne agent that induces acute neutrophilic inflammation, but not MCM, in NTE. It does, however... | 0 |
17,163 | Monitor-to-monitor temporal correlation of air pollution and weather variables in the North-Central US | Ito, K; Thurston, GD; Nadas, A; Lippmann, M | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environment Health Science. Numerous time series studies have reported associations between daily ambient concentrations of air pollution and morbidity or mortality. Recent personal exposure studies have also reported relatively high longitudinal correlation b... | 0 |
89,487 | Physical and biogeochemical controls over terrestrial ecosystem responses to nitrogen deposition | Asner, GP; Townsend, AR; Riley, WJ; Matson, PA; Neff, JC; Cleveland, CC | 2,001 | Anthropogenic perturbations to the global nitrogen (N) cycle now exceed those to any other major biogeochemical cycle on Earth, yet our ability to predict how ecosystems will respond to the rapidly changing N cycle is still poor. While northern temperate forest ecosystems have seen the greatest changes in N inputs from... | 0 |
16,702 | Air pollution and exacerbation of asthma in African-American children in Los Angeles | Ostro, B; Lipsett, M; Mann, J; Braxton-Owens, H; White, M | 2,001 | Significant increases in asthma morbidity and mortality in the United States have occurred since the 1970s,particularly among African-Americans. Exposure to various environmental factors, including air pollutants and allergens, has been suggested as a partial explanation of these trends. To examine relations between se... | 1 |
16,686 | Experimental studies of ultrafine particles in streets and the relationship to traffic | Wahlin, P; Palmgren, F; Van Dingenen, R | 2,001 | Fine and ultrafine particles are of great concern due to their adverse health effects. Furthermore, the emission of ultrafine particles has been reported to be increasing even if the total mass of particles emitted from vehicles decreases. Determination of emission factors of ultrafine particles from the actual car fle... | 0 |
15,416 | Italians drop beef as first cow tests positive | Pistoi, S | 2,001 | null | 0 |
53,359 | The influence of aerosols on photochemical smog in Mexico City | Castro, T; Madronich, S; Rivale, S; Muhlia, A; Mar, B | 2,001 | Aerosols in the Mexico City atmosphere can have a non-negligible effect on the ultraviolet radiation field and hence on the formation of photochemical smog. We used estimates of aerosol optical depths from sun photometer observations in a detailed radiative transfer model, to calculate photolysis rate coefficients (JNO... | 0 |
20,622 | Lung injury in neonates: Causes, strategies for prevention, and long-term consequences | Clark, RH; Gerstmann, DR; Jobe, AH; Moffitt, ST; Slutsky, AS; Yoder, BA | 2,001 | null | 0 |
16,252 | Prolonged exposure to low doses of ozone: short- and long-term changes to behavioral performance in mice | Sorace, A; De Acetis, L; Alleva, E; Santucci, D | 2,001 | #Two separate experiments were designed to assess the effects of ozone exposure on outbred CD-1 mice. In the first experiment, adult males were exposed continuously to O3 at 0, 0.3, or 0.6 ppm for 30 days and their behavior was assessed in a 5-min open-field test on exposure days 4 and 19 and on day3 after the end of t... | 0 |
35,318 | Transient ecosystem response to free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE): Experimental evidence and methods of analysis | Luo, Y | 2,001 | null | 1 |
16,372 | The potential impacts of climate variability and change on temperature-related morbidity and mortality in the United States | McGeehin, MA; Mirabelli, M | 2,001 | Heat and heat waves are projected to increase in severity and frequency with increasing global mean temperatures. Studies in urban areas show an association between increases in mortality and increases in heat, measured by maximum or minimum temperature, heat index, and sometimes, other weather conditions. Health effec... | 0 |
44,049 | Elevated CO2 and temperature alter the response of Pinus ponderosa to ozone: A simulation analysis | Tingey, DT; Laurence, JA; Weber, JA; Greene, J; Hogsett, WE; Brown, S; Lee, EH | 2,001 | #We investigated the potential impact of projected future temperature and CO(2) concentrations in combination with tropospheric O(3) on the annual biomass increment of Pinus ponderosa Doug. ex Laws. TREGRO, a process-based whole-tree growth model in which trees experienced a seasonal drought, was used to study the int... | 0 |
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