REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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57,480 | UV doses of American children and adolescents | Godar, DE | 2,001 | The ultraviolet (UV) doses of American young adults were never measured, but are needed for assessing UV related health risks. These doses were calculated using a novel approach. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey recorded the daily minute-by-minute activities of about 2000 young adults (0-19 years) over the co... | 0 |
16,157 | Sites and mechanisms for uptake of gases and vapors in the respiratory tract | Medinsky, MA; Bond, JA | 2,001 | Inhalation is a common route by which individuals are exposed to toxicants. The air contains a multitude of gases and vapors that are brought into the respiratory tract with each breath. Depending upon the physical and chemical characteristics of the toxicant, the respiratory tract can be considered as a target organ i... | 0 |
16,158 | Role of macrophages and inflammatory mediators in chemically induced toxicity | Laskin, DL; Laskin, JD | 2,001 | Macrophages are critical cellular effectors of nonspecific host defense. They are also potent secretory cells releasing an array of mediators including proinflammatory and cytotoxic cytokines and growth factors, bioactive lipids, hydrolytic enzymes and reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, each of which has been ... | 1 |
92,914 | The importance of crayfish in the breakdown of rhododendron leaf litter | Schofield, KA; Pringle, CM; Meyer, JL; Sutherland, AB | 2,001 | #1. Rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) is a common evergreen shrub in riparian areas of the southern Appalachians, where its leaves can comprise a large proportion of leaf litter in streams. However, they are relatively refractory and generally considered a low quality food resource for detritivores. 2. Our objective ... | 0 |
21,131 | A method for identifying exposure-response models for the acute respiratory effects of inhaled irritants in humans: effects of concentration, minute ventilation, and duration | Mcdonnell, WF | 2,001 | In order to conduct quantitative risk assessment with minimal uncertainty for short- term exposure to ozone and other respiratory irritants, one must identify exposure- response (E-R) models that accurately predict the distribution of the magnitudes of response (or the proportion of individuals experiencing a given res... | 0 |
74,309 | Pollution atmospherique et infarctus du myocarde Strasbourg, 1984-1989 [Air pollution and myocardial infarction Strasbourg France, 1984-1989] | Eilstein, D; Quenel, P; Hedelin, G; Kleinpeter, J; Arveiler, D; Schaffer, P | 2,001 | BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown positive associations between urban air pollution, mortality and hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases. This study tried to estimate short term effects of ambient air pollution on myocardial infarction on the basis of data collected in a morbidity registry. METHODS: The daily ... | 0 |
73,848 | Surveillance des effets a court terme de la pollution atmospherique sur la mortalite en milieu urbain Resultats d'une etude de faisabilite dans 9 villes francaises [Monitoring of short-term effects of urban air pollution on mortality Results of a pilot study in 9 French cities]. | Zeghnoun, A; Eilstein, D; Saviuc, P; Filleul, L; Le Goaster, C; Cassadou, S; Boumghar, A; Pascal, L; Medina, S; Prouvost, H; Le Tertre, A; Declercq, C; Quenel, P | 2,001 | BACKGROUND: This study aims at quantifying air pollution effects on mortality and at evaluating the feasibility of a standardized epidemiological surveillance system of air pollution in 9 French cities. METHODS: Data collection and analysis followed a standardized protocol. Data pollution depended on the development of... | 0 |
48,245 | Evidence of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport within a mesoscale model and total ozone mapping spectrometer total ozone | Olsen, MA; Stanford, JL | 2,001 | We present evidence for stratospheric mass transport into, and remaining in, the troposphere in an intense midlatitude cyclone. Mesoscale forecast model analysis fields from the Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System were compared with total ozone observations from the Total Ozone Measurement Spectrometer. Coupled wi... | 0 |
16,173 | Oxidative stress, DNA damage and p53 expression in the larvae of atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to ultraviolet (290-400nm) radiation | Lesser, MP; Farrell, JH; Walker, CW | 2,001 | Decreases in stratospheric ozone levels from anthropogenic inputs of chlorinated fluorocarbons have resulted in an increased amount of harmful ultraviolet-B (UVB, 290-320 nm) radiation reaching the sea surface in temperate latitudes (30-50 degrees N). In the Gulf of Maine, present-day irradiances of ultraviolet-A (UVA,... | 0 |
44,066 | Ozone exposure thresholds and foliar injury on forest plants in Switzerland | Vanderheyden, D; Skelly, J; Innes, J; Hug, C; Zhang, J; Landolt, W; Bleuler, P | 2,001 | #Canton Ticino in southern Switzerland is exposed to some of the highest concentrations of tropospheric ozone in Europe. During recent field surveys in Canton Ticino, foliar symptoms identical to those caused by ozone have been documented on native tree and shrub species. In Europe, the critical ozone level for forest ... | 0 |
57,250 | Chemistry of HOx radicals in the upper troposphere | Jaegle, L; Jacob, DJ; Brune, WH; Wennberg, PO | 2,001 | Aircraft observations from three recent missions (STRAT, SUCCESS, SONEX) are synthesized into a theoretical analysis of the factors controlling the concentrations of HOx radicals (HOx=OH+peroxy) and the larger reservoir family HOy (HOy=HOx+2H2O2+2CH3OOH+HNO2+HNO4) in the upper troposphere. Photochemical model calculati... | 1 |
13,302 | Pulmonary effects of inhaled ultrafine particles | Oberdorster, G | 2,001 | Introduction and Objectives: Recent epidemiological studies have shown an association between increased particulate urban air pollution and adverse health effects on susceptible parts of the population, in particular the elderly with pre-existing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Urban particles consist of three... | 0 |
44,168 | Stratosphere-troposphere exchange: chemical sensitivity to mixing | Esler, JG; Tan, DGH; Haynes, PH; Evans, MJ; Law, KS; Plantevin, PH; Pyle, JA | 2,001 | We present examples of how chemical evolution can exhibit sensitivity to mixing arising from statosphere-troposphere exchange. A chemical transport model is used to survey the chemical contrasts on isentropic surfaces that intersect the tropopause. Significant cross-tropopause gradients in both ozone and water vapor ar... | 0 |
47,912 | Transient behaviour of tropospheric ozone precursors in a global 3-D CTM and their indirect greenhouse effects | Derwent, RG; Collins, WJ; Johnson, CE; Stevenson, DS | 2,001 | The global three-dimensional Lagrangian chemistry-transport model STOCHEM has been used to follow the changes in the tropospheric distributions of the two major radiatively-active trace gases, methane and tropospheric ozone, following the emission of pulses of the short-lived tropospheric ozone precursor species, metha... | 1 |
80,134 | Uncertainty in preindustrial abundance of tropospheric ozone: Implications for radiative forcing calculations | Mickley, LJ; Jacob, DJ; Rind, D | 2,001 | Recent model calculations of the global mean radiative forcing from tropospheric ozone since preindustrial times fall in a relatively narrow range, from 0.3 to 0.5 W m?2. These calculations use preindustrial ozone fields that overestimate observations available from the turn of the nineteenth century. Although there ma... | 1 |
53,530 | Atmospheric chemistry of camphor | Reissell, A; Arey, J; Atkinson, R | 2,001 | ABSTRACT: Rate constants have been measured at 296 ? 2 K for the gas-phase reactions of camphor with OH radicals, NO3 radicals, and O3. Using relative rate methods, the rate constants for the OH radical and NO3 radical reactions were (46 ? 1.2) X 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and <3 X 10-16 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively... | 0 |
43,708 | Increasing tropospheric ozone level reduced birch (Betula pendula) dry mass within a five years period | Oksanen, EJ | 2,001 | Soil-growing randomized mixtures of ten European silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones, showing different ozone sensitivity, were exposed to ambient air (control) or 1.4u1.7x ambient (elevated) ozone over five growing seasons using free-air fumigation (FACE) approach. During the last season, the juvenile trees were... | 0 |
15,798 | Ozone-induced mucous cell metaplasia | Luster, MI | 2,001 | null | 0 |
87,570 | Spatial prediction and temporal backcasting for environmental fields having monotone data patterns | Le, ND; Sun, L; Zidek, JV | 2,001 | The authors develop a methodology for predicting unobserved values in a conditionally lognormal random spatial field like those commonly encountered in environmental risk analysis. These unobserved values are of two types. The first come from spatial locations where the field has never been monitored, the second, from ... | 0 |
48,302 | Atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases | Ehhalt, D; Prather, M; Dentener, F; Derwent, R; Dlugokencky, E; Holland, E; Isaksen, I; Katima, J; Kirchhoff, V; Matson, P; Midgley, P; Wang, M | 2,001 | null | 0 |
24,948 | Formation of polyketones in irradiated toluene/propylene/NOx/air mixtures | Edney, EO; Driscoll, DJ; Weathers, WS; Kleindienst, TE; Conver, TS; Mciver, CD; Li, W | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #A laboratory study was carried out to investigate the formation of polyketones in secondary organic aerosol from photooxidation of the aromatic hydrocarbon toluene, a major constituent of automobile exhaust. The laboratory experiments consisted of irradiating toluene/propylene/NOx... | 0 |
55,497 | Stem injection of Populus nigra with EDU to study ozone effects under field conditions | Bortier, K; Dekelver, G; De Temmerman, L; Ceulemans, R | 2,001 | EDU or ethylenediurea (N-[2-(2-oxo-l-imidazolidinyl)ethyl]-N'-phenylurea) has been used in experiments to assess ozone effects on vegetation under field conditions because it provides protection against oxidative damage. Tests have mainly been conducted on crop plants, but for woody species only few reports have provid... | 0 |
48,201 | Numerical simulation of new particle formation over the northwest Atlantic using the MM5 mesoscale model coupled with sulfur chemistry | Liu, XH; Hegg, DA; Stoelinga, MT | 2,001 | The production of sulfuric acid vapor and new particle formation are studied over the northwest Atlantic for two synoptic cases: a "wet" case in April with a large amount of cloud and precipitation in the simulation domain and a relatively "dry" one in March. The Fifth-Generation Pennsylvania State University/National ... | 1 |
28,325 | Photosynthesis and biomass allocation of radish cv "Cherry Belle" in response to root temperature and ozone | Kleier, C; Farnsworth, B; Winner, W | 2,001 | To determine if ozone (O3) and root zone temperature (RZT) affect plant biomass allocation and photosynthesis, radish (Raphanus sativus) plants were grown in controlled environment laboratory chambers in one of four treatments: episodic O3 (average delivery 0.063 Amol mol-1) with RZT at 13 degrees C, episodic O3 (same ... | 0 |
44,213 | Lung C-fiber CNS reflex: role in the respiratory consequences of extended environmental tobacco smoke exposure ini young guinea pigs | Bonham, AC; Chen, CY; Mutoh, T; Joad, JP | 2,001 | Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure harms the respiratory health of children and is associated with an increased risk of asthma and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The mechanisms by which ETS causes these effects are not understood. We hypothesized that one mechanism is an upregulation of the lung C-fiber c... | 0 |
29,465 | Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on the growth and yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) grown in open-top chambers | Lawson, T; Craigon, J; Black, CR; Colls, JJ; Tulloch, AM; Landon, G | 2,001 | Potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Bintje) was grown in open-top chambers under three carbon dioxide (ambient and seasonal mean concentrations of 550 and 680 Amol mol-1 CO2) and two ozone concentrations (ambient and an 8 h day-1 seasonal mean of 50 nmol mol-1 O3) between emergence and final harvest. Periodic non-destructive... | 0 |
16,683 | Box models versus Eulerian models in air pollution modeling | Sportisse, B | 2,001 | #Box models are widely used in air pollution modeling. They allow the use of simple computational tools instead of the simulation of 3D Eulerian grid models, given by a large set of partial differential equations. We investigate here the theoretical justification of such box models. The key point is the comparison with... | 0 |
44,169 | Regional air pollution and its radiative forcing: Studies with a single column chemical and radiation transport model | Park, RJ; Stenchikov, GL; Pickering, KE; Dickerson, RR; Allen, DJ; Kondragunta, S | 2,001 | This study focuses on the effects of subgrid (on general circulation model (GCM) scales) convective venting of the planetary boundary layer to the free troposphere and on the interactive effects of aerosols, ozone, UV actinic flux, and radiative forcing of climate. We developed a single-column chemical transport model ... | 1 |
597,739 | Tropospheric emission spectrometer for the Earth Observing System's Aura satellite | Beer, R; Glavich, TA; Rider, DM | 2,001 | The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) is an imaging infrared Fourier-transform spectrometer scheduled to be launched into polar Sun-synchronous orbit aboard the Earth Observing System's Aura satellite in June 2003. The primary objective of the TES is to make global three-dimensional measurements of tropospheric ... | 0 |
53,372 | Observations of OIO in the remote marine boundary layer | Allan, BJ; Plane, JMC; Mcfiggans, G | 2,001 | We report observations of iodine dioxide (O1O) in the remote marine boundary layer. The measurements were made at the remote site of Cape Grim in Tasmania, using the technique of differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), in the 540 - 570 nm spectral region. Employing across-section of 6.8 x 10-17 cm2 at 548.... | 0 |
16,218 | Diet restriction modulates lung response and survivability of rats exposed to ozone | Elsayed, NM | 2,001 | Ozone (O3) is a powerful oxidant component of photochemical smog polluting the air of urban cities. Exposure to low-level O3 causes lung injury and increased morbidity of the sensitive segment of population, and exposure to high levels can be lethal to experimental animals. Injury from O3 exposure is generally associat... | 0 |
54,486 | The pulmonary collectins and surfactant metabolism | Hawgood, S; Poulain, FR | 2,001 | Lung surfactant covers and stabilizes a large, delicate surface at the interface between the host and the environment. The surfactant system is placed at risk by a number of environmental challenges such as inflammation, infection, or oxidant stress, and perhaps not surprisingly, it demonstrates adaptive changes in met... | 0 |
16,673 | Ozone-induced modulation of cell-mediated immune responses in the lungs | Cohen, MD; Sisco, M; Li, Y; Zelikoff, JT; Schlesinger, RB | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Most pulmonary immunotoxicology studies of ambient pollutants have been broadly designed to discern if overall humoral or cell-mediated immunity (CIM) was altered; few have assessed effects on particular aspects of immune functio... | 0 |
15,413 | In search of a cure for CJD | Thompson, C | 2,001 | Many thousands of people may be incubating the human form of BSE. Could drugs or other therapeutic agents prevent them from succumbing? Clare Thompson reports on the race against time to find a treatment. | 0 |
13,261 | Relation between smoking and skin cancer | De Hertog, SAE; Wensveen, CAH; Bastiaens, MT; Kielich, CJ; Berkhout, MJP; Westendorp, RGJ; Vermeer, BJ; Bavinck, JNB | 2,001 | PURPOSE: Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for several cancers. The risk of cutaneous malignancies related to smoking, however, is relatively unknown. We investigated the possible association between smoking and skin cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was performed that included 161 patien... | 0 |
25,954 | On the change of support problem for spatio-temporal data | Gelfand, AE; Zhu, L; Carlin, BP | 2,001 | In practice, spatial data are sometimes collected at points (i.e. point-referenced data) and at other times are associated with areal units (i.e. block data). The change of support problem is concerned with inference about the values of a variable at points or blocks different from those at which it has been observed. ... | 0 |
36,598 | Bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) activity and loss in commercial tomato greenhouses | Morandin, LA; Laverty, TM; Kevan, PG; Khosla, S; Shipp, L | 2,001 | #Activity of bumble bees, Bombus impatiens Cresson, was examined in commercial tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Solanaceae), greenhouses in relation to greenhouse covering type, solar radiation, greenhouse temperature and humidity. Bumble bee activity was measured by photodiode monitors inserted into the entrance... | 0 |
35,243 | Relationships of gaseous concentrations of criteria air pollutants and PM25 measures in a Baltimore PM panel study | Williams, RW; Suggs, JC; Sheldon, LS; Saraiya, NM; Evans, G; Creason, JP; Rodes, CE; Lawless, PA | 2,001 | The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently conducted the Baltimore Particulate Matter (PM) Epidemiology and Exposure Study. This month-long summer study involved daily measurement of selected personal, residential indoor, residential outdoor, and ambient air pollutants pertaining to an elderly (65+) subject popu... | 0 |
30,139 | Stomatal and non-stomatal limitation to photosynthesis in two trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) clones exposed to elevated CO2 and/or O3 | Noormets, A; Sober, A; Pell, EJ; Dickson, RE; Posila, GK; Sober, J; Isebrands, JG; Karnosky, DF | 2,001 | Leaf gas exchange parameters and the content of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in the leaves of two 2-year-old aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones (no. 216, ozone tolerant and no. 259, ozone sensitive) were determined to estimate the relative stomatal and inesophyll limitations to photo... | 0 |
89,379 | Quantitative analysis of NOx emissions from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment satellite image sequences | Leue, C; Wenig, M; Wagner, T; Klimm, O; Platt, U; Jahne, B | 2,001 | Nitric oxides (NOx) play a very important role among the anthropogenic trace gases. They affect human health and have an impact on ozone chemistry and climatic change. Here we describe a new method for the quantification of the global NOx budget from image sequences of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) spec... | 0 |
50,105 | Estudio de la interaccion entre el ozone y el desarrolio de las virosis en el cultivo del tomate | Jimenez, A; Calvo, E; Martin, C; Porcuna, JL; Sanz, MJ | 2,001 | null | 0 |
94,339 | Aircraft observations of the solar ultraviolet irradiance throughout the troposphere | Varotsos, C; Alexandris, D; Chronopoulos, G; Tzanis, C | 2,001 | Observations of the biological effective solar ultraviolet irradiance, made by instrumentation flown on a Falcon aircraft over the entire Greek area, from the sea up to the tropopause level, obtained in the frame of the Radiation Field in the Troposphere - Scientific Training and Access to Aircraft for Atmospheric Rese... | 0 |
47,029 | Why is asthma becoming more common? | null | 2,001 | null | 0 |
57,502 | Ultraviolet exposure in the Ironman triathlon | Moehrle, M | 2,001 | Purpose: Skin cancer is increasing worldwide and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is thought to be the most important environmental risk factor. Peopie practicing outdoorsports are exposed to considerable amounts of UV radiation from the sun. Methods: Three triathletes participated in the Ironman Triathion World ... | 0 |
23,712 | Reducing ozone How much is it worth? | Hood, E | 2,001 | N/A. | 0 |
57,593 | Nucleotide excision repair gene XPD polymorphisms and genetic predisposition to melanoma | Tomescu, D; Kavanagh, G; Ha, T; Campbell, H; Melton, DW | 2,001 | #The nucleotide excision repair pathway has evolved to deal with UV light-induced DNA damage. Individuals with the rare inherited nucleotide excision repair deficiency disease xeroderma pigmentosum have a 1000-fold increased incidence of skin cancer. We are interested in the possibility that more subtle changes in nucl... | 0 |
19,846 | Latest findings on national air quality: 2000 status and trends | null | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This summary report highlights the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) most recent evaluation of status and trends in our nation's air quality. | 0 |
52,367 | Review of volatile organic compound source apportionment by chemical mass balance | Watson, JG; Chow, JC; Fujita, EM | 2,001 | #The chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model has apportioned volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in more than 20 urban areas, mostly in the United States. These applications differ in terms of the total fraction apportioned, the calculation method, the chemical compounds used in the calculation, the apportionment unit... | 0 |
47,316 | Aspects of the kinetics and mechanism of the gas-phase reactions of ozone with conjugated dienes | Lewin, AG; Johnson, D; Price, DW; Marston, G | 2,001 | The relative-rate method was used to measure room-temperature rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of ozone with six conjugated dienes under 'OH-free' conditions. Separate experiments were carried out to determine the yields of hydroxyl radical formed from the ozonolyses of four of these compounds, and for buta-1... | 0 |
16,664 | Comment on "The impact of an 8 h ozone air quality standard on ROG and NOx controls in Southern California", by Chock et al | Sillman, S | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #(Taken from first paragraph of article.)Chock et al. (1999) published results for ozone--NOx--ROG sensitivity and "indicator" ratios that contradicted earlier findings by Lu and Sillman (1995) and Sillman and Sillman. This finding is puzzling because Chock et al. used a model that... | 0 |
93,790 | Multivariate patterns of biochemical responses of Pinus ponderosa trees at field plots in the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California | Tausz, M; Bytnerowicz, A; Arbaugh, MJ; Wonisch, A; Grill, D | 2,001 | Most environmental stress conditions promote the production of potentially toxic active oxygen species in plant cells. Plants respond with changes in their antioxidant and photoprotective systems. Antioxidants and pigments have been widely used to measure these responses. Because trees are exposed to multiple man-made ... | 0 |
17,427 | Solar ultraviolet radiation and its impact on aquatic systems of Patagonia, South America | Villafane, VE; Helbling, EW; Zagarese, HE | 2,001 | Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) is known to cause a number of detrimental effects in aquatic organisms. The area of Patagonia, which is sometimes under the influence of the Antarctic ozone "hole", occasionally receives enhanced levels of ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B, 280-315 nm). Great efforts have been ... | 0 |
20,632 | Reactive oxygen species in early and delayed cardiac adaptation | Roth, E; Jaberansari, MT | 2,001 | null | 0 |
26,323 | Blue wild-rye grass competition increases the effect of ozone on ponderosa pine seedlings | Andersen, CP; Hogsett, WE; Plocher, M; Rodecap, K; Lee, EH | 2,001 | SUMMARY.Individual ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings were grown in mesocosms with three densities of blue wild-rye grass (Elymus glaucus Buckl.) (equivalent to 0, 32 or 88 plants m-2) to determine if the presence of a natural competitor alters the response of ponderosa pine seedlings to ozone. ... | 0 |
16,370 | Human health consequences of climate variability and change for the United States: preface | Scheraga, JD | 2,001 | null | 0 |
43,384 | Asian chemical outflow to the Pacific in spring: origins, pathways, and budgets | Bey, I; Jacob, DJ; Logan, JA; Yantosca, RM | 2,001 | We analyze the Asian outflow of CO, ozone, and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) to the Pacific in spring by using the GEOS-CHEM global three-dimensional model of tropospheric chemistry and simulating the Pacific Exploratory Mission-West PEM-West B) aircraft mission in February-March 1994. The GEOS-CHEM model uses assimilated me... | 0 |
42,640 | Changes in physiological attributes of ponderosa pine from seedling to mature tree | Grulke, NE; Retzlaff, WA | 2,001 | Plant physiological models are generally parameterized from many difference sources of data, including chamber experiments and plantations, from seedlings to mature trees. We obtained a comprehensive data set for a natural stand of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) and used these data to parameterize the physiolog... | 0 |
47,071 | The loss of NO2, HNO3, NO3/N2O5, and HO2/HOONO2 on soot aerosol: a chamber and modeling study | Saathoff, H; Naumann, KH; Riemer, N; Kamm, S; Mohler, O; Schurath, U; Vogel, H; Vogel, B | 2,001 | #The heterogeneous loss of NO2, HNO3, NO3 / N2O5, and HO2 / HO2NO2 on soot aerosol was investigated in a large aerosol chamber for interaction times of up to several days. By fitting a detailed model to the measured time profiles of the trace gas concentrations in the presence / absence of soot aerosol, the following r... | 0 |
21,188 | Modeling pollutant penetration across building envelopes | Liu, DL; Nazaroff, WW | 2,001 | As air infiltrates through unintentional openings in building envelopes, pollutants may interact with adjacent surfaces. Such interactions can alter human exposure to air pollutants of outdoor origin. We present modeling explorations of the proportion of particles and reactive gases (e.g., ozone) that penetrate buildin... | 0 |
774,918 | Growth, photosynthesis and ozone uptake of young beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) in response to different ozone exposures | Bortier, K; Vandermeiren, K; De Temmerman, L; Ceulemans, R | 2,001 | Beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.) were exposed to episodes of O3 in environmentally controlled growth chambers during one growing season. Three treatments were applied: charcoal-filtered air, charcoal-filtered air with the addition of 40 ppb O3 for seven episodes of 5 days' duration (9000-1700 hours), and charcoal-f... | 0 |
52,790 | Tomato allene oxide synthase and fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase, two cytochrome P450s involved in oxylipin metabolism, are targeted to different membranes of chloroplast envelope | Froehlich, JE; Itoh, A; Howe, GA | 2,001 | Allene oxide synthase (AOS) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) are related cytochrome P450s that metabolize a common fatty acid hydroperoxide substrate to different classes of bioactive oxylipins within chloroplasts. Here, we report the use of in vitro import assays to investigate the targeting of tomato (Lycopersicon escul... | 0 |
626,980 | La contaminacion atmosferica en los bosques: Guia para la identificacion de da?os visibles causados por Ozono | Sanchez, MJS; Pe?a, GS; Lorente, VC; Gallego, TM; Albert, JC | 2,001 | The present book consists of two parts. The first part deals with general aspects of air pollution. It also describes the Pan-European Programme for the Intensive Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems (EU/ICP-Forests) and the methodologies that this programme recommends for evaluating air pollution effects.
The second part ... | 1 |
16,163 | Toll-like receptor 4 mediates ozone-induced murine lung hyperpermeability via inducible nitric oxide synthase | Kleeberger, SR; Reddy, SP; Zhang, LY; Cho, HY; Jedlicka, AE | 2,001 | We tested the hypotheses that 1) inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mediates ozone (O3)-induced lung hyperpermeability and 2) mRNA levels of the gene for iNOS (Nos2) are modulated by Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) during O3 exposure. Pretreatment of O3-susceptible C57BL/6J mice with a specific inhibitor of total NOS (... | 1 |
19,109 | Sampled Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis for photochemical grid models | Moore, GE; Londergan, RJ | 2,001 | American Petroleum Institute. #This study reports on the development and testing of a method of quantifying the uncertainties in concentration predictions by a complex photochemical grid model (PGM), using a modification of the basic Monte Carlo method (MCM). The computationally intensive aspects of applying a full MCM... | 0 |
43,004 | Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc | null | 2,001 | null | 0 |
15,594 | Some insights into short-term variability of total gaseous mercury in urban air | Kim, KH; Kim, MY | 2,001 | Korean Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF), Climate Environment Research Center. #The concentrations of total gaseous mercury (Hg) were determined at hourly intervals along with relevant environmental parameters that include both meteorological plus criteria pollutant data during two field campaigns (September 1... | 0 |
53,600 | Seasonal modeling of the export of pollutants from North America using the Multi Scale Air Quality Simulation Pattern (MAQSIP) | Hanna, AF; Mathur, R; Pinto, J; Jang, C | 2,001 | N/A. | 0 |
679,716 | Stomatal conductance of forest species after long-term exposure to elevated CO2 concentration: A synthesis | Medlyn, BE; Barton, CVM; Broadmeadow, MSJ; Ceulemans, R; De Angelis, P; Forstreuter, M; Freeman, M; Jackson, SB; Kellomaki, S; Laitat, E; Rey, A; Roberntz, P; Sigurdsson, BD; Strassemeyer, J; Wang, K; Curtis, PS; Jarvis, PG | 2,001 | Data from 13 long-term (> 1 yr), field-based studies of the effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on European forest tree species were analysed using meta-analysis and modelling. Meta-analysis was used to determine mean responses across the data sets, and data were fitted to two commonly used models of stomatal... | 1 |
90,164 | Validation of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube methodology in the UK | Bush, T; Smith, S; Stevenson, K; Moorcroft, S | 2,001 | Measurement of ambient NO2 concentrations using diffusion tube samplers is widespread in many countries, particularly in the UK. A National Network of NO2 diffusion tube samplers has been operational at over 1200 sites in the UK for over 5 years. Some previous studies have indicated that NO2 diffusion tube samplers may... | 0 |
16,606 | The impact of heat waves and cold spells on mortality rates in the Dutch population | Huynen, MMTE; Martens, P; Schram, D; Weijenberg, MP; Kunst, AE | 2,001 | We conducted the study described in this paper to investigate the impact of ambient temperature on mortality in the Netherlands during 1979-1997, the impact of heat waves and cold spells on mortality in particular, and the possibility of any heat wave- or cold spell-induced forward displacement of mortality. We found a... | 0 |
16,382 | Climate variability and change in the United States: potential impacts on vector- and rodent-borne diseases | Gubler, DJ; Reiter, P; Ebi, KL; Yap, W; Nasci, R; Patz, JA | 2,001 | Diseases such as plague, typhus, malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever, transmitted between humans by blood-feeding arthropods, were once common in the United States. Many of these diseases are no longer present, mainly because of changes in land use, agricultural methods, residential patterns, human behavior, and ve... | 0 |
20,634 | Skin cancer and ozone depletion: the case for global action | Mettlin, CJ | 2,001 | null | 0 |
52,273 | Ozone as a Function of Local Wind Speed and Direction: Evidence of Local and Regional Transport | Husar, RB; Renard, WP | 2,001 | Atmospheric conditions can exert a powerful influence on the distribution of pollutant concentrations in space and time. Low wind speeds lead to the buildup of high local pollutant concentrations. Strong ventilation with high wind speeds prevents the local build-up near the sources, but contributes to long-range transp... | 0 |
14,139 | Ozone response to precursor control: comparision of data analysis methods with the predictions of photochemical air quality simulation models | Blanchard, CL; Stoeckenius, T | 2,001 | Comparisons were made between the predictions of six photochemical air quality simulation models (PAQSMs) and three indicators of ozone response to emission reductions: the ratios of O3/NOz and O3/NOy and the extent of reaction. The values of the two indicator ratios and the extent of reaction were computed from the mo... | 0 |
15,475 | Assessment of recent ozone short-term epidemiologic studies | Roth, HD; Hwang, PMT; Li, Y | 2,001 | Electric Power Research Institute. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) revised the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone in 1997 based largely on short-term ozone studies published up to 1995. The U.S. EPA's conclusions must now be updated because (1) the agency did not consider many new s... | 0 |
40,430 | Use of passive ambient ozone (O3) samplers in vegetation effects assessment | Krupa, SV; Nosal, M; Peterson, DL | 2,001 | A stochastistic, Weibull probability model was developed and verified to simulate the underlying frequency distributions of hourly ozone (O3) concentrations (exposure dynamics) using the single, weekly mean values obtained from a passive (sodium nitrite absorbent) sampler. The simulation was based on the data derived f... | 1 |
57,161 | Effects of ultraviolet exposure on the immune system | Garssen, J; Van Loveren, H | 2,001 | Depletion of stratospheric ozone and changes in lifestyle lead to an increased exposure to ultraviolet (UV) wavebands, especially in the UVB region (280-320 nm). Besides the beneficial effects of UV exposure, such as vitamin D production, cosmetic tanning, and adaptation to solar UV, UV exposure can also have adverse c... | 0 |
76,706 | Aerosol optical depth measurements and their impact on surface levels of ultraviolet-B radiation | Wenny, BN; Saxena, VK; Frederick, JE | 2,001 | Surface measurements of total and diffuse UV irradiance at the seven narrowband wavelength channels of the ultraviolet multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer (UVMFR) were used to determine total column ozone and aerosol optical depth for two 6-month periods in 1997 and 1999 at a site in the Blue Ridge Mountains of... | 0 |
53,008 | Limitations and perspectives about scaling ozone impacts in trees | Kolb, TE; Matyssek, R | 2,001 | We review the need for scaling effects of ozone (O3) from juvenile to mature forest trees, identify the knowledge presently available, and discuss limitations in scaling efforts. Recent findings on O3/soil nutrient and O3/CO2 interactions from controlled experiments suggest consistent scaling patterns for physiological... | 0 |
35,258 | Nitric oxide in plants: the history is just beginning | Beligni, MV; Lamattina, L | 2,001 | Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive molecule that exerts a number of diverse activities in phylogenetically distant species, as well as opposing effects in related biological systems. It was firstly described in mammals as a major messenger in the cardiovascular, immune and nervous system, in which it plays regulatory, si... | 0 |
46,655 | Intercontinental transport of ozone and its precursors in a three-dimensional global CTM | Wild, O; Akimoto, H | 2,001 | The coupling of chemistry with atmospheric transport processes provides a mechanism for local and regional pollution from heavily populated continental regions to influence tropospheric composition at hemispheric and global scales. In this study we use the FRSGC/UCI 3-D chemical transport model to quantify the impact... | 0 |
77,207 | Effect of protein kinase C inhibition on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction | Barman, SA | 2,001 | The current study was done to test the hypothesis that protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors prevent the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and compliance that occurs in isolated, blood-perfused dog lungs during hypoxia. Pulmonary vascular resistances and compliances were measured with vascular occlusion techniques.... | 0 |
16,693 | Association between air pollution and daily consultations with general practitioners for allergic rhinitis in London, United Kingdom | Hajat, S; Haines, A; Atkinson, RW; Bremner, SA; Anderson, HR; Emberlin, J | 2,001 | Few published studies have looked at the health effects of air pollution in the primary care setting, and most have concentrated on lower rather than upper respiratory diseases. The authors investigated the association of daily consultations with general practitioners for allergic rhinitis with air pollution in London,... | 0 |
56,906 | Administrative data for public health surveillance and planning | Virnig, BA; Mcbean, M | 2,001 | #Electronically available administrative data are increasingly used by public health researchers and planners. The validity of the data source has been established, and its strengths and weaknesses relative to data abstracted from medical records and obtained via survey are documented. Administrative data are available... | 0 |
15,934 | Photo-oxidant chemistry in the polluted boundary layer under changing UV-B radiation | Bronnimann, S; Eugster, W; Wanner, H | 2,001 | Swiss Agency for Environment, Forests, and Landscape (SAEFL); University of Bern, Hans-Sigrist Foundation. #UV-B radiation is a driving factor for the chemistry of the polluted boundary layer. It is involved in the formation of radicals and consequently influences the formation and concentration of photo-oxidants. The ... | 0 |
34,751 | Metabolic rate and thermal stability during honeybee foraging at different reward rates | Moffatt, L | 2,001 | During honeybee foraging, the stabilization of thoracic temperature (Tth) at elevated values is necessary to meet the power requirements of flight at different air temperatures (Ta). To understand how the bee achieves thermal stability at different reward rates, the metabolic rates of undisturbed foraging bees were mea... | 0 |
697,236 | Increases in greenhouse forcing inferred from the outgoing longwave radiation spectra of the Earth in 1970 and 1997 | Harries, JE; Brindley, HE; Sagoo, PJ; Bantges, RJ | 2,001 | The evolution of the Earth's climate has been extensively studied, and a strong link between increases in surface temperatures and greenhouse gases has been established. But this relationship is complicated by several feedback processes-most importantly the hydrological cycle-that are not well understood. Changes in th... | 0 |
30,190 | Responses of stomatal conductance to drought in ponderosa pine: Implications for carbon and ozone uptake | Panek, JA; Goldstein, AH | 2,001 | To gain insight into the limitations imposed by a typical Mediterranean-climate summer drought on the uptake of carbon and ozone in the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougi. ex Laws.) ecosystem, we compared diurnal trends in leaf physiology of young trees in a watered and a control plot located in the Sierra Nevada Mo... | 1 |
17,479 | Climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | null | 2,001 | null | 0 |
15,440 | Detection of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity in alveolar macrophages of rats exposed to nitrogen dioxide and ozone | Bermudez, E | 2,001 | The toxic effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) are mediated through the formation of free radicals, which can cause DNA strand breaks. The present study demonstrates that exposure to NO2 and O3 causes a stimulation of poly(ADP-ribose) (polyADPR) synthetase in alveolar macrophages of rats. Three-month-old ma... | 0 |
190,013 | Association between airway hyperreactivity and bronchial macrophage dysfunction in individuals with mild asthma | Alexis, N; Soukup, J; Nierkens, S; Becker, S | 2,001 | Little is known about the functional capabilities of bronchial macrophages (BMs) and their relationship to airway disease such as asthma. We hypothesize that BMs from asthmatics may be modulated in their function compared with similar cells from healthy individuals. BMs obtained by induced sputum from mild asthmatics (... | 1 |
46,942 | Differences in lung function among school children in communities in Israel | Peled, R; Bibi, H; Pope CA III; Nir, P; Shiachi, R; Scharff, S | 2,001 | #Differences in lung functions of school-age children who lived near two electrical power plants in the Ashkelon district of Israel were studied. Lung-function tests were performed, and the American Thoracic Society questionnaire was administered in three study periods during the following years: (1) 1990, (2) 1994, an... | 0 |
90,252 | Biogenic volatile organic compounds at Azusa and elevated sites during the 1997 Southern California Ozone Study | Reissell, A; Arey, J | 2,001 | Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) were measured at Azusa and at either Pine Mountain or Mount Baldy, elevated sites 11 km north and 25 km northeast of Azusa, respectively, during, four intensive sampling periods of the 1997 Southern California Ozone Study. During the sampling periods there was a consistent pat... | 0 |
15,930 | Meteorological effects on the evolution of high ozone episodes in the greater Seoul Area | Ghim, YS; Oh, HS; Chang, YS | 2,001 | Three high O3 episodes-7 days in 1992 (July 3-July 9), 9 days in 1994 (July 21-July 29), and another 3 days in 1994 (August 22-August 24)-were selected on the basis of morning (7:00 a.m.-10:00 a.m.) average wind direction and speed and daily maximum 03 concentrations in the greater Seoul, Korea, of 1990-1997. To better... | 0 |
40,403 | Airway responsiveness in early infancy predicts asthma, lung function, and respiratory symptoms by school age | Palmer, LJ; Rye, PJ; Gibson, NA | 2,001 | #Asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease in developed nations. Little is known about the relationship between airway responsiveness in infancy and the development of asthma later in life. The relationship of airway responsiveness at 1 mo with asthma, atopy, lower respiratory symptoms, and lung function at 6... | 0 |
90,186 | Influence of environmental parameters on the accuracy of nitrogen dioxide passive diffusion tubes for ambient measurement | Kirby, C; Fox, M; Waterhouse, J; Drye, T | 2,001 | Two studies at three sites in the UK provided confirmation that systematic positive bias in NO2 diffusion tube measurement occurred because of changes to "within-tube" chemistry, rather than eddy diffusion at the mouth of the tube. In the first study in Cambridge, UK, sampler overestimation for 1 and 2 week exposures w... | 0 |
16,696 | Airway responses to chronic ozone exposure are partially mediated through mast cells | Kleeberger, SR; Ohtsuka, Y; Ahang, LY; Longphre, M | 2,001 | Airways inflammation and epithelial injury induced by chronic ozone (O3) in genetically mast cell-deficient mice (KitW/KitW-v) were compared with those in mast cell-sufficient mice (+/+) and KitW/KitW-v mice repleted of mast cells (KitW/KitW-v-BMT). Mice were exposed to 0.26 ppm O3 8 h/day, 5 days/wk, for 1-90 days. Ba... | 0 |
52,868 | Biosynthesis of ascorbate acid in plants: a renaissance | Smirnoff, N; Conklin, PL; Loewus, FA | 2,001 | #The structure of the familiar antioxidant L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was described in 1933 yet remarkably, its biosynthesis in plants remained elusive until only recently. It became clear from radioisotopic labeling studies in the 1950s that plant ascorbic acid biosynthesis does not proceed in toto via a route simila... | 0 |
47,881 | Evolution of tropospheric ozone under anthropogenic activities and associated radiative forcing of climate | Hauglustaine, DA; Brasseur, GP | 2,001 | The budget of ozone and its evolution associated with anthropogenic activities are simulated with the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART) (.) (version 1). We present the changes in tropospheric ozone and its precursors (CH4, NMHCs, CO, NOx) since the preindustrial period. The ozone change at the surfa... | 0 |
41,469 | The effects of ozone on a lower slope forest of the Great Smoky Mountain National Park: Simulations linking an individual tree model to a stand model | Weinstein, DA; Gollands, B; Retzlaff, WA | 2,001 | We used an individual tree physiology model, TREGRO, and a stand succession model, ZELIG, to extrapolate from the direct response of leaf photosynthesis to ozone exposure in individual plants to an estimate of the possible future ozone effects on a forest located in the Twin Creeks region in Great Smoky Mountains Natio... | 1 |
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