REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
80,403 | Trends in European forest tree physiology research | Huttunen, S; Heikkila, H; Bucher, JB; Sundberg, B; Jarvis, PG; Matyssek, R | 2,001 | null | 0 |
778,740 | NOx emissions from aircraft: Its impact on the global distribution of CH4 and O3 and on radiative forcing | Isaksen, ISA; Berntsen, TK; Wang, WC | 2,001 | Model studies of the impact of aircraft emissions on atmospheric ozone, and on the methane lifetime have been performed, using a global 3-D CTM (The Oslo CTM1). The calculated changes in the global distribution of ozone and methane have been used to calculate Radiative Forcing (RF) of the current and future fleets (201... | 1 |
17,459 | Self-reported asthma prevalence among adults--United States, 2000 | null | 2,001 | null | 0 |
16,943 | Proposal for including what is valuable to ecosystems in environmental assessments | Campbell, DE | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division. #Assessment scientists and managers depend on social values to identify the goals that will be used to guide environmental assessments. These goals are commonly identified by examining the ves... | 0 |
15,582 | Effects of ozone exposure on nuclear factor-"kappa"B activation and tumor necrosis factor-"alpha" expression in human nasal epithelial cells | Nichols, BG; Woods, JS; Luchtel, DL; Corral, J; Koenig, JQ | 2,001 | University of Washington Center Grant (P30 ES07033); University of Washington Superfund Program Grant (ES04696) In this study we investigated a possible mechanism of the human airway inflammatory response to inhaled ozone (O3). Cultures of human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells, initiated from excised nasal turbinates and ... | 0 |
20,276 | Protecting human research subjects: institutional review board guidebook | null | 2,001 | null | 0 |
19,137 | Observational study of ozone pollution at a rural site in the Yangtze Delta of China | Cheung, VTF; Wang, T | 2,001 | Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Research Grants Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China. #Ozone and related trace gases (CO, NOx, and SO2) were measured from June 1999 to July 2000 at a rural site in the Yangtze Delta of China, a region of intensive anthropogenic... | 0 |
56,474 | Management of chronic asthma | null | 2,001 | null | 0 |
51,276 | Heterogeneous NOx chemistry in the polluted PBL | Kotamarthi, VR; Gaffney, JS; Marley, NA; Doskey, PV | 2,001 | The significance of heterogeneous mechanisms in controlling gas-phase NOx (NO, NO2) mixing ratios in polluted urban air, especially during nighttime, is not well established. Several recent studies have suggested that carbon soot can provide an effective surface for mediating the inter conversion among several NOy memb... | 0 |
90,374 | The role of Br2 and BrCl in surface ozone destruction at polar sunrise | Foster, KL; Plastridge, RA; Bottenheim, JW; Shepson, PB; Finlayson-Pitts, BJ; Spicer, CW | 2,001 | Bromine atoms are believed to play a central role in the depletion of surface-level ozone in the Arctic at polar sunrise. Br2, BrCl, and HOBr have been hypothesized as bromine atom precursors, and there is evidence for chlorine atom precursors as well, but these species have not been measured directly. We report here m... | 0 |
16,669 | Eastern North American transport climatology during high- and low-ozone days | Schichtel, BA; Husar, RB | 2,001 | #A synoptic scale transport climatology during days with high and low ozone concentrations was established for five summers from 1991 to 1995 over eastern North America. The airmass transport patterns were estimated from source impact regions derived from forward airmass histories. Daily maximum ozone concentrations we... | 1 |
53,090 | Photosynthesis, light and nitrogen relationships in a young deciduous forest canopy under open-air CO2 enrichment | Takeuchi, Y; Kubiske, ME; Isebrands, JG; Pregitzer, KS; Hendrey, G; Karnosky, DF | 2,001 | Leaf photosynthesis (Ps), nitrogen (N) and light environment were measured on Populus tremuloides trees in a developing canopy under free-air CO2 enrichment in Wisconsin, USA. After 2 years of growth, the trees averaged 1-5 and 1.6 in tall under ambient and elevated CO2, respectively, at the beginning of the study peri... | 0 |
195,252 | Investigations on the use of protective coating material as an antiozonant for natural rubber under static deformation | Bhala, MJ; Freakley, PK | 2,001 | The following study was set to investigate the effectiveness of a liquid nitrile-butadiene rubber coating, applied as an antiozonant for natural rubber under static conditions. Two natural rubber compounds were used, one with a combined system of a specified wax and a chemical antiozonant and the other without any anti... | 0 |
151,715 | The influence of south Foehn on the ozone distribution in the Alpine Rhine valley - Results from the MAP field phase | Baumann, K; Maurer, H; Rau, G; Piringer, M; Pechinger, U; Prevot, A; Furger, M; Neininger, B; Pellegrini, U | 2,001 | During the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) special
observation period (SOP) between 7 September and 15 November 1999, ground-based and airborne
measurements have been conducted in the Rhine valley south of the Lake of Constance to
investigate the unstationary aspects of Foehn and related phenomena, like the impa... | 0 |
15,370 | Air pollution and health: correlation or causality? The case of the relationship between exposure to particles and cardiopulmonary mortality | Dab, W; Segala, C; Dor, F; Festy, B; Lameloise, P; Le Moullec, Y; Le Tertre, A; Medina, S; Quenel, P; Wallaert, B; Zmirou, D | 2,001 | Many epidemiologic studies have observed, in different contexts, a slight short-term relationship between particles in air and cardiopulmonary mortality, even when air quality standards were respected. The causality of this relationship Is important to public health because of the number of people exposed. Our aim was ... | 0 |
30,307 | Current and future effects of ozone and atmospheric nitrogen deposition on California's mixed conifer forests | Takemoto, BK; Bytnerowicz, A; Fenn, ME | 2,001 | #Mixed conifer forests in southern California are exposed to elevated levels of ozone (O3) and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Growing season 12-h daily average O3 levels are 0.06-0.09 ppm, and N deposition rates are 5-45 kg N/ha per year. However, N deposition rates have high spatial variability due to the hetero... | 0 |
195,316 | New colourimetric method for determination of hydroxyl radicals during ageing of cellulose | Kolar, J; Strlic, M; Pihlar, B | 2,001 | It is believed that oxidative degradation involving free radicals leads to the deterioration of alkaline paper during ageing. However, due to the high detection limit of conventional methods, e.g. ESR, the presence of radical species during ageing of pure cellulose at close to ambient conditions has not yet been establ... | 0 |
16,466 | Associations between outdoor air pollution and hospital admissions in Brisbane, Australia | Petroeschevsky, A; Simpson, RW; Thalib, L; Rutherford, S | 2,001 | The authors investigated the effects of ambient air pollution on hospital admissions in Brisbane, Australia. The authors used the Air Pollution on Health: European Approach protocol to examine the effects of particles, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide on daily hospital admissions for asthma and respiratory, ... | 1 |
15,365 | Ozone air quality over North America: part I--a review of reported trends | Wolff, GT; Dunker, AM; Rao, ST; Porter, PS; Zurbenko, IG | 2,001 | Ozone and precursor trends can be used to measure the effectiveness of regulatory programs that have been implemented. In this paper, we review trends in the concentrations of O3 , NOx , and HCs over North America that have been reported in the literature. Although most existing trend studies are confounded by meteorol... | 0 |
91,625 | Suppression of peatland methane emission by cumulative sulfate deposition in simulated acid rain | Dise, NB; Verry, ES | 2,001 | This field manipulation study tested the effect of weekly pulses of solutions of NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4 salts on the evolution of CH4 and N2O from peatland soils. Methane and nitrous oxide emission from a nutrient-poor fen in northern Minnesota USA was measured over a full growing season from plots receiving weekly addit... | 0 |
16,160 | Ozone-induced lung inflammation and hyperreactivity are mediated via tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors | Cho, HY; Zhang, LY; Kleeberger, SR | 2,001 | This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms through which tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) modulates ozone (O(3))-induced pulmonary injury in susceptible C57BL/6J (B6) mice. B6 [wild-type (wt)] mice and B6 mice with targeted disruption (knockout) of the genes for the p55 TNF receptor [TNFR1(-/-)], the p75 TNF rec... | 1 |
19,578 | Assessment of reducing ozone forming potential for vehicles using liquefied petroleum gas as an alternative fuel | Chang, CC; Lo, JG; Wang, JL | 2,001 | Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is currently used in a small fleet of taxis as an alternative fuel to gasoline in Taipei, Taiwan as part of an incentive program promoted by Taiwan EPA to improve urban air quality. Under the test procedure in accordance with the US FTP-75 protocol to simulate an average urban driving patt... | 0 |
57,495 | Suppression of UVB-induced cutaneous erythema by a previous UVB exposure | Kollias, N; Stamatas, GN; Youn, JI | 2,001 | People who vacation in sunny places are exposed to the sun on multiple occasions at least on a daily basis. The clinical assessment of sun exposure is erythema in the first 48 h after exposure and pigmentation at times greater than 3-5 days. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the extent to which consecu... | 0 |
156,899 | Radiative forcing of climate change | Ramaswamy, V; Boucher, O; Haigh, J; Hauglustaine, D; Haywood, J; Myhre, G; Nakajima, T; Shi, GY; Solomon, S | 2,001 | Radiative forcing is a useful concept in determining the potential influence of a particular mechanism of climate change. However, due to the increased number of forcing agents identified over the past decade, the total radiative forcing is difficult to assess. By assigning a range of probability distribution functions... | 0 |
46,910 | Heterogeneous processes involving nitrogenous compounds and Saharan dust inferred from measurements and model calculations | Galy-Lacaux, C; Carmichael, GR; Song, CH; Lacaux, JP; Al Ourabi, H; Modi, AI | 2,001 | Experimental data on aerosol chemical composition and gaseous concentrations in various African ecosystems have been obtained under the IGAC DEBITS AFRICA (IDAF) program. In this paper, data covering a complete wet and dry season (1996 and 1998) in the semiarid savanna of the Sahelian region of Niger are presented. The... | 0 |
46,971 | A guide to selected algorithms, distributions, and databases used in exposure models developed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards [draft] | Johnson, T | 2,001 | null | 0 |
34,749 | Direct measurement of oxygen partial pressure in a flying bumblebee | Komai, Y | 2,001 | The gas transport system of a bumblebee was investigated by measuring the oxygen partial pressure PO2 in the wing muscle. In the resting bee, PO2 showed a regular pattern of fluctuation with a typical period of 70u120 s. Fluctuations in muscular PO2 were associated with intermittent abdominal pumping. Ventilation by ab... | 0 |
42,734 | Short of breath: our lack of response to the growing asthma epidemic and the need for nationwide tracking | null | 2,001 | N/A. | 0 |
16,670 | Modelling horizontal and vertical concentration profiles of ozone and oxides of nitrogen within high-latitude urban areas | Nicholson, JP; Weston, KJ; Fowler, D | 2,001 | Natural Environment Research Council. #Urban ozone concentrations are determined by the balance between ozone destruction, chemical production and supply through advection and turbulent down-mixing from higher levels. At high latitudes, low levels of solar insolation and high horizontal advection speeds reduce the phot... | 0 |
47,072 | Water adsorption on aircraft-combustor soot under young plume conditions | Popovitcheva, OB; Trukhin, ME; Persiantseva, NM; Shonija, NK | 2,001 | #Laboratory studies of water adsorption and initial water uptake on aircraft-combustor soot, produced by combustion of sulphur-free hydrocarbon fuel, are presented. Due to the specific microporous structure and surface heterogeneity, the soot particles can acquire a substantial fraction of an water monolayer, even in t... | 0 |
53,063 | The effect of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on leaf- and branch-level photosynthesis and potential plant-level carbon gain in aspen | Noormets, A; Mcdonald, EP; Dickson, RE; Kruger, EL; Sober, A; Isebrands, JG; Karnosky, DF | 2,001 | Two aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones, differing in O3 tolerance, were grown in a free- air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility near Rhinelander, Wisconsin, and exposed to ambient air, elevated CO2, elevated O3 and elevated CO2?O3. Leaf instantaneous light-saturated photosynthesis (P5) and leaf areas (A) were measur... | 0 |
16,676 | Model calculations of present and future levels of ozone and ozone precursors with a global and a regional model | Jonson, JE; Sundet, JK; Tarrason, L | 2,001 | Nordic Council of Ministers. #Levels of key chemical pollutants in the atmosphere are calculated for present (1996) and future (2010) emission scenarios with the help of a global model (Oslo CTM2), and a regional model (EMEP Eulerian Photochemistry model) centered over Europe. Both models are three-dimensional (3D) Eul... | 0 |
47,753 | A climatology of isentropic cross-tropopause exchange | Seo, KH; Bowman, KP | 2,001 | We present a climatology of cross-tropopause air mass exchange on isentropic surfaces in the middle world based on a Lagrangian framework. One-month isentropic trajectories are computed for 8 years from 1992 to 1999 using the United Kingdom Meteorological Office assimilated data set. This study provides seasonal and in... | 0 |
16,465 | Ultrastructural nasal pathology in children chronically and sequentially exposed to air pollutants | Calderon-Garciduenas, L; Valencia-Salazar, G; Rodriguez-Alcaraz, A; Gambling, TM; Garcia, R; Osnaya, N; Villarreal-Calderon, A; Devlin, RB; Carson, JL | 2,001 | Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC) children are repeatedly exposed to a complex mixture of air pollutants, including ozone, particulate matter, and aldehydes. Nasal biopsies taken from these children exhibit a wide range of histopathologic alterations: marked changes in ciliated and goblet cell populations, bas... | 0 |
16,493 | Oxidants in cigarette smoke extract modify low-density lipoprotein in the plasma and facilitate atherogenesis in the aorta of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits | Yamaguchi, Y; Matsuno, S; Kagota, S; Haginaka, J; Kunitomo, M | 2,001 | #Epidemiological studies have shown that cigarette smoking is a major cause of atherosclerosis. Oxidants as well as nicotine in cigarette smoke have been implicated in atherogenesis. To clarify the mechanism involved, we examined the chronic effects of nicotine and nicotine-free cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) on oxidat... | 0 |
25,322 | Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after repeated ozone exposure | Holz, O; Bottcher, M; Timm, P; Koschyk, S; Abel, G; Gercken, G; Magnussen, H; Jorres, RA | 2,001 | As known from studies in animal and human subjects, ozone can exert effects on the immune response including allergic sensitisation and allergen responsiveness. The objective of the present study was to assess the changes in lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after single and repeated ozone expos... | 0 |
53,945 | Marine boundary layer peroxy radical chemistry during the AEROSOLS99 campaign: measurements and analysis | Andres Hernandez, MD; Burkert, J; Reichert, L; Stobener, D; Meyer-Arnek, J; Burrows, JP; Dickerson, RR; Doddridge, BG | 2,001 | null | 0 |
53,974 | Measurements of peroxy radicals in a forested area of Portugal | Burkert, J; Behmann, T; Andres-Hernandez, MD; Stobener, D; Weissenmeyer, M; Perner, D; Burrows, JP | 2,001 | Peroxy radicals have been observed in a forested rural site, originating from the photooxidation of isoprene. Large levels of peroxy radicals have been correlated with maximum O3 production rates, similar to that observed in urban smog episodes. No peroxy radicals were observed during early morning fog episodes, indica... | 0 |
23,731 | Exposure of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients to particles: Respiratory and cardiovascular health effects | Brauer, M; Ebelt, ST; Fisher, TV; Brumm, J; Petkau, AJ; Vedal, S | 2,001 | British Columbia Lung Association; American Lung Association. To examine hypotheses regarding air pollution health effects, we conducted an exploratory study to evaluate relationships between personal and ambient concentrations of particles with measures of cardiopulmonary health in a sample of patients with chronic ob... | 0 |
54,428 | Deactivation of the pulmonary surfactant dynamics by toxic aerosols and gases | Podgorski, A; Sosnowski, TR; Gradon, L | 2,001 | Interactions between selected toxic aerosols and gases occurring in the air at the workplace and the pulmonary surfactant (PS) have been studied with two physicochemical techniques in vitro. The Pulsating Bubble Surfactometer (PBS) and the Langmuir-Wilhelmy Balance (LWB) have been used for measurements of dynamic inter... | 0 |
116,806 | Ammonia concentrations and fluxes over a forest in the midwestern USA | Pryor, SC; Barthelmie, RJ; Sorensen, LL; Jensen, B | 2,001 | We present measurements of ammonia (NH3) over a deciduous forest in southern Indiana collected during four field campaigns; two in the spring during the transition to leaf-out and two during the winter. Above canopy NH3 concentrations measured continuously using two Wet Effluent Diffusion Denuders indicate mean concent... | 0 |
16,057 | Comparison between weekend and weekday ozone concentration in large cities in France | Pont, V; Fontan, J | 2,001 | #This paper examines ozone data from five large French cities (Marseilles, Lyon, Paris, Strasbourg and Toulouse) in spring and summer over a three-year period to study the possible influence of local primary pollutant emissions. In these cities the level of traffic emission varies according to the day of the week. Ther... | 0 |
19,445 | Studi sugli effetti acuti dell'inquinamento atmosferico a Roma [Acute effects of air pollution in Rome] | Michelozzi, P; Forastiere, F; Perucci, CA; Fusco, D; Barca, A; Spadea, T | 2,001 | Two time-series studies, aimed at evaluating the acute health effect of air pollution among Rome inhabitants, were carried out. In the first study the correlation between daily mortality (1992 to 1995) and daily concentrations of five air pollutants (particles, SO2, NO2, CO, O3) was analyzed. In the second study the as... | 0 |
19,432 | Nitrous acid interference with passive NO2 measurement methods and the impact on indoor NO2 data | Spicer, CW; Billick, IH; Yanagisawa, Y | 2,001 | Recent research has demonstrated that nitrous acid (HONO) is produced in indoor environments by NO2 reacting with interior surfaces, and is also emitted directly by some combustion sources. We have recently characterized the interference by HONO to NO2 measurements made by several commonly used continuous NO2 monitors.... | 0 |
35,406 | Does nitrogen supply affect the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Hanno) to the combination of elevated CO2 and O3? | Cardoso-Vilhena, J; Barnes, J | 2,001 | Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hanno) was grown at ambient (350 Amol mol-1) or elevated CO2 (700 Amol mol-1) in charcoal/Purafil<-filtered air (CFA <5 nmol mol-1) or ozone (CFA +75 nmol mol-1 7 h d-1) at three levels of N supply (1.5, 4 and 14 mM NO-3), to test the hypothesis that the combined impacts of elevated ... | 0 |
55,168 | Photochemical activity over the eastern Mediterranean under variable environmental conditions | Zerefos, CS; Kourtidis, KA; Balis, D; Bais, A; Calpini, B | 2,001 | The present paper presents some of the results from the EU-funded Photochemical Activity and solar Ultraviolet Radiation (PAUR) and Photochemical Activity and solar Ultraviolet Radiation Modulation Factors (PAUR II) projects that are relevant to the photochemistry of the Eastern Mediterranean ender variable conditions.... | 0 |
54,104 | Measurements of benzene and toluene in ambient air using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry: calibration, humidity dependence, and field intercomparison | Warneke, C; Van Der Veen, C; Luxembourg, S; De Gouw, JA; Kok, A | 2,001 | PTR-MS (proton transfer reactionumass spectrometry) is a chemical ionization mass spectrometry technique that uses proton transfer reactions with H3O+ ions for on-line measurements of organic trace gases in air. The instrument is calibrated for benzene and toluene, and the humidity dependence is investigated. The obser... | 0 |
18,993 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 contributes to ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice | Shore, SA; Schwartzman, IN; Le Blanc, B; Krishna Murthy, GG; Doerschuk, CM | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #The purpose of this study was to determine whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF) contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) into the airways following exposure to ozone (O3). Wild-type mice, TNF p55 or p75 receptor knockout mi... | 1 |
195,310 | Adsorption of volatile organic compounds in nitrogen streams on oxidized activated carbon fibres | Kang, FY; Huang, ZH; Liang, KM; Yang, JB; Wu, H | 2,001 | Viscose rayon-based activated carbon fibres (ACFs) with low and high specific surface areas were treated with conc. HNO3, 30 wt% H2O2 and air at different temperatures. The pore textures and surface chemistries of the samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) ... | 0 |
79,158 | Unconsidered environmental stresses may cause overestimates of the CO2-fertilization effect | Fiscus, EL; Booker, FL; Reid, CD; Miller, JE | 2,001 | N/A. | 0 |
17,976 | Evaluating the performance of regional-scale photochemical modeling systems: Part II--ozone predictions | Hogrefe, C; Rao, ST; Kasibhatla, P; Hao, W; Sistla, G; Mathur, R; Mchenry, J | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Electric Power Research Institute; New York State Energy Research & Development Authority; Duke University; Georgia Tech. #In this paper, the concept of scale analysis is applied to evaluate ozone predictions from two regional-scale air quality models. To this end, seasonal time se... | 0 |
16,129 | Outdoor pollution: 21Criteria pollutants | Raub, JA; McGrath, JJ; Davis, JM; Folinsbee, LJ | 2,001 | null | 0 |
156,587 | Climate change 2001: The scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | null | 2,001 | This volume, which forms part of the Third Assessment Report (TAR), has been produced by Working Group I (WGI) of the IPCC and focuses on the science of climate change. It consists of 14 chapters covering the physical climate system, the factors that drive climate change, analyses of past climate and projections of fut... | 0 |
156,360 | Alterations of placental vascular function in asthmatic pregnancies | Clifton, VL; Giles, WB; Smith, R; Bisits, AT; Hempenstall, PA; Kessell, CG; Gibson, PG | 2,001 | Asthma during pregnancy is associated with low-birthweight neonates at term but the mechanisms that cause this outcome are presently unknown. Changes in placental vascular function resulting from asthma or its treatment could contribute to altered fetal growth. We have prospectively followed women with asthma and a con... | 0 |
48,370 | A fixed-layer estimation of upper-tropospheric specific humidity from the GOES water vapor channel: parameterization and validation of the altered brightness temperature product | Wimmers, AJ; Moody, JL | 2,001 | A derived-product image (DPI) of specific humidity is determined at the pixel-level using the GOES 6.7 mu m water vapor channel and ancillary model temperature fields. By treating the brightness temperature, T6.7, as a composition of three effectively independent influences (specific humidity, temperature and zenith an... | 0 |
35,364 | The growth response of plants to elevated CO2 under non-optimal environmental conditions | Poorter, H; Perez-Soba, M | 2,001 | Under benign environmental conditions, plant growth is generally stimulated by elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. When environmental conditions become sub- or supra-optimal for growth, changes in the biomass enhancement ratio (BER; total plant biomass at elevated CO2 divided by plant biomass at the current CO2 le... | 0 |
14,050 | A population exposure model for particulate matter: Case study results for PM2.5 in Philadelphia, PA | Burke, JM; Zufall, MJ; Ozkaynak, H | 2,001 | A population exposure model for particulate matter (PM), called the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS-PM) model, has been developed and applied in a case study of daily PM2.5 exposures for the population living in Philadelphia, PA. SHEDS-PM is a probabilistic model that estimates the population distr... | 1 |
57,464 | Melanoma in African-Americans: trends in biological behavior and clinical characteristics over two decades | Bellows, CF; Belafsky, P; Fortgang, IS; Beech, DJ | 2,001 | Background: The incidence of melanoma in the United States is increasing. Data on this disease in African-Americans is sparse. Methods: Chart review of patients diagnozed with melanoma from 1975 to 1997 at Charity Hospital New Orleans (CHNO). Age, gender, anatomic distribution, histology, presenting stage, survival, an... | 0 |
35,390 | Increased leaf area expansion of hybrid poplar in elevated CO2 From controlled environments to open-top chambers and to FACE | Taylor, G; Ceulemans, R; Ferris, R; Gardner, SDL; Shao, BY | 2,001 | #We examined the response of hybrid poplar to elevated CO2 in contrasting growth environments: controlled environment chamber (CE), open-top chamber (OTC) and poplar free air CO2 enrichment (POPFACE) in order to compare short versus long-term effects and to determine whether generalisations in response are possible for... | 0 |
80,119 | Differences in Betula origins in ozone sensitivity based open-field experiment over two growing seasons | Oksanen, E; Rousi, M | 2,001 | null | 0 |
15,517 | Passive ozone network over Dallas: a modeling opportunity with community involvement 1 | Varns, JL; Mulik, JD; Sather, ME; Glen, G; Smith, L; Stallings, C | 2,001 | #Despite tremendous efforts toward regulating and controlling tropospheric ozone (O3) formation, a large portion of the U.S. population presently lives in environments where air quality exceeds both 1- and 8-h National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) set for O3. High O3 concentrations annually cost the United Sta... | 0 |
40,368 | Relationship between bronchial responsiveness and clinical evolution in infants who wheeze A four-year prospective study | Delacourt, C; Benoist, MR; Waernessyckle, S | 2,001 | Recurrent illness involving wheezing during the first years of life is transient in most children. The role of bronchial hyperresponsiveness as a factor influencing the persistence of wheezing from infancy to school age remains unknown. In a prospective study we investigated whether infants who wheezed and subsequently... | 0 |
35,211 | Oxidative targets in the stratum corneum A new basis for antioxidative strategies | Thiele, JJ | 2,001 | As the outermost layer of skin, the stratum corneum (SC) is continuously exposed to an oxidative environment, including air pollutants, ultraviolet radiation, chemical oxidants, and aerobic microorganisms. Human SC reveals characteristic antioxidant and protein oxidation gradients with increasing antioxidant depletion ... | 0 |
19,036 | Effect of ozone on algae as precursors for trihalomethane and haloacetic acid production | Plummer, JD; Edzwald, JK | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, STAR Graduate Fellowship. | 0 |
16,671 | Aircraft observations of aerosols, O3 and NOy in a nighttime urban plume | Berkowitz, CM; Zaveri, RA; Bian, X; Zhong, S; Disselkamp, RS; Laulainen, NS; Chapman, EG | 2,001 | U.S. Department of Energy. #Nighttime measurements of aerosol surface area, O3, NOy and moisture were made downwind of Portland, Oregon, as part of a study to characterize the chemistry in a nocturnal urban plume. Air parcels sampled within the urban plume soon after sunset had positive correlations between O3, relativ... | 0 |
24,928 | Variability in ultraviolet total optical depth during the Southern California Ozone Study (SCOS97) | Vuilleumier, L; Harley, RA; Brown, NJ; Slusser, JR; Kolinski, D; Bigelow, DS | 2,001 | #Formation of photochemical air pollution is governed in part by the solar ultraviolet actinic radiation flux, but wavelength-resolved measurements of UV radiation in polluted urban atmospheres are rarely available. As part of the 1997 Southern California Ozone Study, cosine weighted solar irradiance was measured conti... | 0 |
57,736 | Activation of HIV in human skin by ultraviolet B radiation and its inhibition by NF"kappa"B blocking agents | Breuer-McHam, J; Simpson, E; Dougherty, I; Bonkobara, M; Ariizumi, K; Lewis, DE; Dawson, DB; Duvic, M; Cruz, PD, Jr | 2,001 | To determine whether ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation leads to activation of HIV in human skin, we conducted prospective and controlled studies in two academic medical centers in Texas from July 1995 to April 1999. HIVpositive patients with UV-treatable skin diseases were enrolled at each center, 18 subjects at one and ... | 0 |
47,319 | Mechanism of HOx formation in the gas-phase ozone-alkene reaction 1 Direct, pressure-dependent measurements of prompt OH yields | Kroll, JH; Clarke, JS; Donahue, NM; Anderson, JG; Demerjian, KL | 2,001 | The gas-phase reaction of ozone with alkenes is known to be a dark source of HOx radicals (such as OH, H, and R) in the troposphere, though the reaction mechanism is currently under debate. It is understood that a key intermediate in the reaction is the carbonyl oxide, which is formed with an excess of vibrational ener... | 0 |
19,683 | Ambient ozone exposure is associated with eosinophil activation in healthy children | Frischer, T; Studnicka, M; Halmerbauer, G; Horak, F; Gartner, C; Tauber, E; Koller, DY | 2,001 | BACKGROUND: Eosinophil activation is characteristic for allergic airways disease. However, eosinophilic airways inflammation has also been observed subsequent to ambient ozone exposure. METHODS: For a population sample of 877 children living at nine sites with different ozone exposure we measured urinary eosinophil pro... | 1 |
46,960 | Comparative assessment of regional population exposures to ozone and PM during a summer episode using alternative photochemical air quality simulation models | Sun, Q; Chandrasekar, A; Georgopoulos, PG | 2,001 | The objective of this work is to evaluate the performances of alternative Photochemical Air Quality Simulation Models (PAQSMs) in predicting ambient ozone and PM concentrations and to demonstrate and compare their utility in the assessment of potential population exposures in the Eastern U.S. The two regional PAQSMs us... | 0 |
35,316 | Photosynthetic responses to elevated CO2 and O3 in field-grown potato (Solanum tuberosum) | Lawson, T; Craigon, J; Tulloch, AM; Black, CR; Colls, JJ; Landon, G | 2,001 | Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje) were grown to maturity in open-top chambers under three carbon dioxide (CO(2); ambient and 24h d(-1) seasonal mean concentrations of 550 and 680 Amol mol(-1)) and two ozone levels (O(3); ambient and an 8 h d(-1) seasonal mean of 50 nmol mol(-1)). Chlorophyll content, phot... | 0 |
35,266 | Growth and crown architecture of two aspen genotypes exposed to interacting ozone and carbon dioxide | Dickson, RE; Coleman, MD; Pechter, P; Karnosky, D | 2,001 | To study the impact of ozone (O3) and O3 plus CO2 on aspen growth, we planted two trembling aspen clones, differing in sensitivity to O3, in the ground in open-top chambers and exposed them to different concentrations of O3 and O3 plus CO2 for 98 days. Ozone exposure (58 to 97 Al1(-1)-h, total exposure) decreased growt... | 0 |
47,417 | The sensitivity of tropospheric methane to the interannual variability in stratospheric ozone | Camp, CD; Roulston, MS; Haldemann, AFC; Yung, YL | 2,001 | Importance of this paper: Many processes in the stratosphere have important impacts upon tropospheric behavior. The forcing of tropospheric methane by stratospheric ozone is one such interaction for which we have long and accurate observational records. We have empirically determined a quantitative measure of this inte... | 0 |
46,916 | Heterogeneous uptake of sulfur dioxide on aluminum and mganesium oxide particles | Goodman, AL; Li, P; Usher, CR; Grassian, VH | 2,001 | In this study, the heterogeneous uptake of SO2 on alpha -Al2O3 and MgO particles at 296 K was investigated. Transmission FT-IR experiments reveal that under dry conditions SO2 reacts with alpha -Al2O3 and MgO to form strongly adsorbed bisulfite, HSO3-(aq), and sulfite, SO32-(aq), on alpha -Al2O3 and sulfite on MgO. To ... | 0 |
775,197 | Global tropospheric ozone dynamics | Kondratyev, KY; Varotsos, CA | 2,001 | (Part I). An overview of the tropospheric ozone changes is presented focussing mainly on the tropospheric ozone precursors. The complexity of the problem is shown through the consideration of a great number of relevant substances, like nitrogen compounds, volatile organic compounds, peroxyacetyl nitrate, hydroxyl radic... | 0 |
36,345 | Growth responses of Populus tremuloides clones to interacting carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone | Isebrands, JG; McDonald, EP; Kruger, E; Hendrey, G; Percy, K; Pregitzer, K; Sober, J; Karnosky, DF | 2,001 | The Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric ozone (O3) are increasing concomitantly globally. Little is known about the effect of these interacting gases on growth, survival, and productivity of forest ecosystems. In this study we as... | 1 |
53,032 | Consequences of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone for foliar chemical composition and dynamics in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) | Lindroth, RL; Kopper, BJ; Parsons, WFJ; Bockheim, JG; Karnosky, DF; Hendrey, GR; Pregitzer, KS; Isebrands, JG; Sober, J | 2,001 | Atmospheric chemical composition affects foliar chemical composition, which in turn influences the dynamics of both herbivory and decomposition in ecosystems. We assessed the independent and interactive effects of CO2 and O3 fumigation on foliar chemistry of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula p... | 0 |
43,678 | Simulating the growth response of aspen to elevated ozone: A mechanistic approach to scaling a leaf-level model of ozone effects on photosynthesis to a complex canopy architecture | Martin, MJ; Host, GE; Lenz, KE; Isebrands, JG | 2,001 | Predicting ozone-induced reduction of carbon sequestration of forests under elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations requires robust mechanistic leaf-level models, scaled up to whole tree and stand level. As ozone effects depend on genotype, the ability to predict these effects on forest carbon cycling via competitiv... | 1 |
35,341 | Interactive effects of CO2 and O3 on a ponderosa pine/litter/soil mesocosm | Olszyk, DM; Johnson, MG; Phillips, DL; Seidler, RJ; Tingey, DT; Watrud, LS | 2,001 | #To study individual and combined impacts of two important atmospheric trace gases, CO2 and O3, on C and N cycling in forest ecosystems; a multi-year experiment using a small-scale ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) seedling/soil/litter system was initiated in April 1998. The experiment was conducted in outdoor, su... | 0 |
16,056 | Density of foliage mass and area in the boreal forest cover in Finland, with applications to the estimation of monoterpene and isoprene emissions | Kellomaki, S; Rouvinen, I; Peltola, H; Strandman, H | 2,001 | The distribution of the density of foliage mass and area in forest canopies throughout Finland (60-70?N) were determined on the basis of the permanent sample plots used in the Finnish National Forest Inventory. These parameters were linked to the long-term monthly mean air temperatures for 1961-1990, which had been con... | 0 |
19,035 | Atmospheric lifetimes and fates of selected fragrance materials and volatile model compounds | Aschmann, SM; Arey, J; Atkinson, R; Simonich, SL | 2,001 | Proctor & Gamble Company. | 0 |
41,751 | Fine-root biomass and fluxes of soil carbon in young stands of paper birch and trembling aspen as affected by elevated atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3 | King, JS; Pregitzer, KS; Zak, DR; Sober, J; Isebrands, JG; Dickson, RE; Hendrey, GR; Karnosky, DF | 2,001 | Rising atmospheric CO2 may stimulate future forest productivity, possibly increasing carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems, but how tropospheric ozone will modify this response is unknown. Because of the importance of fine roots to the belowground C cycle, we monitored fine-root biomass and associated C fluxes in re... | 1 |
52,500 | High-sensitivity instrument for measuring atmospheric NO2 | Matsumi, Y; Murakami, SI; Kono, M; Takahashi, K; Koike, M; Kondo, Y | 2,001 | We report on the development of a high-sensitivity detection system for measuring atmospheric NO2 using a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique around 440nm. A tunable broad-band optical parametric oscillator laser pumped by the third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser is used as a fluorescence excitation source. The lase... | 0 |
19,008 | Confounding and effect modification in the short-term effects of ambient particles on total mortality: Results from 29 European cities within the APHEA2 project | Katsouyanni, K; Touloumi, G; Samoli, E; Gryparis, A; Le Tertre, A; Monopolis, Y; Rossi, G; Zmirou, D; Ballester, F; Boumghar, A; Anderson, HR; Wojtyniak, B; Paldy, A; Braunstein, R; Pekkanen, J; Schindler, C; Schwartz, J | 2,001 | We present the results of the Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach (APHEA-2,) project on short-term effects of ambient particles on mortality with emphasis on effect modification. We used daily measurements for particulate matter less than 10 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and/or black smoke from 29 Europe... | 1 |
52,886 | Hydrogen peroxide is involved in abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba | Zhang, X; Zhang, L; Dong, F; Gao, J; Galbraith, DW; Song, CP | 2,001 | One of the most important functions of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is to induce stomatal closure by reducing the turgor of guard cells under water deficit. Under environmental stresses, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an active oxygen species, is widely generated in many biological systems. Here, using an epidermal... | 0 |
18,032 | Time study on development and repair of lung injury following ozone exposure in rats | Van Bree, L; Dormans, J; Boere, AJF; Rombout, PJA | 2,001 | The aim of this study was to investigate the time course of lung injury in rats during acute and subchronic ozone exposure and during postexposure recovery. Rats were continuously exposed to 0.4 ppm ozone (~0.8 mg O3/m3) for 1, 3, 7, 28, or 56 days. Recovery from 3 days of exposure was studied at day 7, 14, and 28; rec... | 0 |
684,026 | National ambient air quality standards for ozone: Proposed response to remand | null | 2,001 | null | 0 |
16,914 | The ongoing clean-air debate: the science behind EPA's rule on soot | Jones, K; Lieberman, B | 2,001 | Competitive Enterprise Institute. The Environmental Protection Agency's 1997 standard for fine particulate matter is perhaps the most controversial environmental rule enacted during the Clinton administration. Critics both inside and outside the administration raised doubts about the claimed public-health benefits to b... | 0 |
19,851 | National air quality and emissions trends report, 1999 | null | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This is the 27th annual report documenting air pollution trends in the United States. This document highlights the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) most recent assessment of the nation's air quality, focusing on the 20-year period from 1980-1999. It features comprehensive ... | 0 |
35,911 | Simultaneous measurements of black carbon, PM10, ozone and NOx variability at a locally polluted island in the southern tropics | Bhugwant, C; Bremaud, P | 2,001 | This paper shows a comparative study of particle and surface ozone concentration measurements undertaken simultaneously at two distinct semi-urban locations distant by 4 km at Saint-Denis, the main city of La Reunion island (21.5 degrees S, 55.5 degrees E) during austral autumn (May 2000). Black carbon (BC) particles m... | 0 |
18,022 | Recovery from oxidant-mediated lung injury: response of metallothionein, MIP-2, and MCP-1 to nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, and ozone exposures | Johnston, CJ; Oberdorster, G; Finkelstein, JN | 2,001 | National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Oxidant-induced lung injury is believed to be mediated by reactive oxygen species. Recovery from oxidant exposure has been associated with pulmonary inflammation. Inflammatory cell accumulation involves the synthesis of chemok... | 0 |
47,381 | Heterogeneous reactivity of gaseous nitric acid on Al2O3, CaCO3, and atmospheric dust samples: A Knudsen cell study | Hanisch, F; Crowley, JN | 2,001 | The heterogeneous reaction between HNO3 and various authentic and synthetic mineral dust/mineral oxide surfaces has been investigated using a low-pressure Knudsen reactor operating at 298 K. The surfaces used were Saharan dust from Cape Verde, Arizona dust, CaCO3, and Al2O3. In all cases, a large irreversible uptake wa... | 0 |
55,542 | Characteristics of an ozone deposition module | Simpson, D; Tuovinen, JP; Emberson, L; Ashmore, MR | 2,001 | An ozone deposition module is being developed to allow the estimation of stomatal fluxes of ozone into a number of vegetation types. This model is designed to be linked into a regional chemical-transport model for use within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), to provide information on possible ris... | 0 |
47,615 | Trace gas signatures of the airstreams within North Atlantic cyclones: case studies from the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE '97) aircraft intensive | Cooper, OR; Moody, JL; Parrish, DD; Trainer, M; Ryerson, TB; Holloway, JS; Hubler, G; Fehsenfeld, FC; Oltmans, SJ; Evans, MJ | 2,001 | This study reveals how airstreams within midlatitude cyclones draw and export trace gases from the polluted continental boundary layer, the midtroposphere, and the stratosphere of North America to the troposphere of the North Atlantic Ocean. The North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) produced aircraft-based trace ga... | 0 |
17,023 | Spatial variation in ozone concentrations in Phoenix, AZ for 1997 | null | 2,001 | Statistical analyses of the human health effects of airborne pollutants based on aggregate population time-series data have often relied on ambient concentrations of pollutants measured at one or more central sites in a given metropolitan area. In the particular case of ground-level ozone (O3) pollution, central-site m... | 0 |
80,100 | Complexities in understanding ecosystem response to ozone | Andersen, CP; Grulke, NE | 2,001 | Ecological risk assessment of O3 impact requires consideration of many factors that, perhaps, are not of concern in human health risk assessment. The episodic nature of O3 exposure, functional complexity of species assemblages, and the broad spatial and temporal scales characteristic of natural ecosystems make ecologic... | 0 |
19,840 | Asthma admissions and thunderstorms: a study of pollen, fungal spores, rainfall, and ozone | Anderson, W; Prescott, GJ; Packham, S; Mullins, J; Brookes, M; Seaton, A | 2,001 | Asthma admissions have been reported to increase during thunderstorms. In some cases, this has been attributed to rises in pollen or fungal spore counts occurring alone or in combination with rainfall. We tested the hypothesis that thunderstorms in general are associated with asthma admissions, and investigated the pos... | 0 |
20,631 | Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory conditions in Rome, Italy | Fusco, D; Forastiere, F; Michelozzi, P; Spadea, T; Ostro, B; Arca, M; Perucci, CA | 2,001 | Most of the evidence regarding the association between particulate air pollution and emergency room visits or hospital admissions for respiratory conditions and asthma comes from the USA. European time-series analyses have suggested that gaseous air pollutants are important determinants of acute hospitalization for res... | 0 |
57,449 | Middle and lower troposphere aerosol characteristics and ozone concentrations over northwestern Greece during STAAARTE 1997 | Koloutsou-Vakakis, S; Helmis, CG; Assimakopoulos, V; Gusten, H | 2,001 | Accumulation aerosol particle distributions were measured on 14 June 1997 during two research flights over northwestern Greece, including the greater Thessaloniki area (GTA). At flight altitudes of about 5000 m (<550 mb), accumulation mode number particle size distributions appeared to be unimodal with a maximum in the... | 0 |
25,003 | Verification of traffic emitted aerosol components in the ambient air of Cologne (Germany) | Weckwerth, G | 2,001 | #Emission of heavy metals, besides ozone and diesel-soot, is one of the most significant environmental problems caused by the existing transport systems. Emission arises from different parts of vehicles (tyres, brakes, exhausts) or running trains (rails, wheels, overhead cables, etc.). Various types of emission with th... | 0 |
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