REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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54,078 | Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to coastal estuaries and their watersheds | Meyers, T; Sickles, J; Dennis, R; Russell, K; Galloway, J; Church, T | 2,001 | As part of the overall process of evaluating the impacts of total atmospheric deposition of nitrogen on coastal ecosystems and estuaries, estimates of wet and dry deposition of nitrogen to both watershed and water bodies are required. Currently, most bays, estuaries, and watersheds lack onsite deposition monitoring dat... | 0 |
14,152 | Emission of specific pollutants from a compression ignition engine Influence of fuel hydrotreatment and fuel/air equivalence ratio | Zervas, E; Montagne, X; Lahaye, J | 2,001 | #A compression ignition engine is used for the study of the fuel (one reference and one hydrotreated) and the fuel/air equivalence ratio influence on the exhaust emissions of specific pollutants. Under the experimental conditions used, seven hydrocarbons, nine aldehydes and three organic acids are detected in the exhau... | 0 |
25,679 | Los efectos agudos de la contaminacion del aire en la salud de la poblacion: evidencias de estudios epidemiologicos | Rosales-Castillo, JA; Torres-Meza, VM; Olaiz-Fernandez, G; Borja-Aburto, VH | 2,001 | Objective. To summarize the evidence of acute health effects from exposure to particulate matter and ozone. Material and Methods. A meta-analysis was performed using random effect models, to summarize the health effects of pollution, published in major international and Mexican journals up to June 2000. Results. Resul... | 0 |
26,488 | Elevated CO2 increases biomass and tuber yield in potato even at high ozone concentrations | Donnelly, A; Craigon, J; Black, CR; Colls, JJ; Landon, G | 2,001 | SUMMARY.*Changes in the growth and yield of field-grown potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Bintje) induced by season-long elevated CO2 and/or ozone concentrations are reported. *Open-top chambers and unchambered field plots were used to examine crop responses to three CO2 (ambient, 550 and 680 Amol mol-1) and two ozone (amb... | 0 |
699,068 | Family history and the risk of early-onset persistent, early-onset transient, and late-onset asthma | London, S; James Gauderman, W; Avol, E; Rappaport, E; Peters, J | 2,001 | Family history of asthma and allergies strongly influences asthma risk in children, but the association may differ for early-onset persistent, early-onset transient, and late-onset asthma. We analyzed the relation between family history and these types of asthma using cross-sectional data from a school-based study of 5... | 0 |
27,297 | The economics of biodiversity conservation | Polasky S ed | 2,001 | N/A. | 0 |
25,354 | Why is the prevalence of allergic diseases increasing? A critical assessment of some classical risk factors | Charpin, D; Gouitaa, M | 2,001 | INTRO.Many epidemiological surveys, among which repeated cross-sectional surveys have most validity, have demonstrated a twofold increase in the prevalence of allergic and asthma during the past two decades. The next presentations will deal with newly-identified or suspected risk factors such as repeated childhood infe... | 0 |
22,512 | Allocating anthropogenic pollutant emissions over space: application to ozone pollution management | Diem, JE; Comrie, AC | 2,001 | An inventory of volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions is an important tool for the management of ground-level ozone pollution. This paper has two broad aims: it illustrates the potential of a geographic information system (GIS) for enhancing an existing spatially-aggregated, anthropogenic ... | 0 |
37,346 | Ambient formaldehyde detection with a laser spectrometer based on difference-frequency generation in PPLN | Rehle, D; Leleux, D; Erdelyi, M; Tittel, F; Fraser, M; Friedfeld, S | 2,001 | A laser spectrometer based on difference-frequency generation in periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) has been used to quantify atmospheric formaldehyde with a detection limit of 0.32 parts per billion in a given volume (ppbV) using specifically developed data-processing techniques. With state-of-the-art fiber-coupled diod... | 0 |
19,162 | Metanalisi italiana degli studi sugli effetti a breve termine dell'inquinamento atmosferico [Meta-analysis of the Italian studies on short-term effects of air pollution] | Biggeri, A; Bellini, P; Terracini, B | 2,001 | BACKGROUND: In recent years, much attention has been given to review reports on the early effects of air pollution on health, measured through daily series of deaths and/or hospital admissions. A number of large planned meta-analyses (in which methods for data retrieval and processing are commonly planned a priori for ... | 0 |
46,983 | Hydroxyl radicals in indoor environments | Sarwar, M; Corsi, R; Kimura, Y; Allen, D; Weschler, C | 2,001 | Indoor hydroxyl radical concentrations were estimated using a new indoor air quality model which employs the SAPRC-99 outdoor atmospheric chemistry model to simulate indoor homogenous reactions. Model results indicate that typical indoor hydroxyl radical concentrations are lower than typical outdoor summertime urban hy... | 0 |
43,385 | Regional physical and chemical properties of the marine boundary layer aerosol across the Atlantic during Aerosols99: an overview | Bates, TS; Quinn, PK; Coffman, DJ; Johnson, JE; Miller, TL; Covert, DS; Wiedensohler, A; Leinert, S; Nowak, A; Neususs, C | 2,001 | The Aerosols99 cruise crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Norfolk, Virginia, to Cape Town, South Africa, between January 14 and February 8, 1999. The goals of the cruise were to determine the chemical, physical, and optical properties of the marine boundary layer (MBL) aerosol, the vertical distribution of aerosols and ozo... | 0 |
16,253 | Present-day variability of background ozone in the lower troposphere | Lefohn, AS; Oltmans, SJ; Dann, T; Singh, HB | 2,001 | There is a substantial background of ozone (O3) present in the lower troposphere in the Northern Hemisphere that has both a stratospheric and photochemical tropospheric origin. Levels of hourly averaged O3 concentrations in the range 0.04-0.08 ppm are often measured as part of the "background O3" burden. Stratospheric ... | 0 |
19,843 | Exposure to ozone aggravates nasal allergy-like symptoms in guinea pigs | Iijima, MK; Kobayashi, T; Kamada, H; Shimojo, N | 2,001 | The ability of O3 exposure to aggravate ovalbumin (OVA)-induced nasal allergy-like symptoms was studied in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were exposed to filtered air or to 0.4 ppm O3 for 5 weeks. During the exposure, 1% OVA or saline was administered into the nasal cavities once a week. Sneezes and nasal secretions were mea... | 0 |
51,218 | Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: model description and evaluation | Bey, I; Jacob, DJ; Yantosca, RM; Logan, JA; Field, B; Fiore, AM; Li, Q; Liu, H; Mickley, LJ; Schultz, MG | 2,001 | We present a first description and evaluation of GEOS-CHEM, a global three-dimensional (3-D) model of tropospheric chemistry driven by assimilated meteorological observations from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) of the NASA Data Assimilation Office (DAO). The model is applied to a 1-year simulation of troposp... | 0 |
48,380 | Numerical investigation of boundary layer evolution and nocturnal low-level jets: local versus non-local PBL schemes | Zhang, K; Juiting, M; Civerolo, KC; Berman, S; Ku, J; Rao, ST; Doddridge, B; Philbrick, RC; Clark, R | 2,001 | #Numerical simulations of the evolution of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and nocturnal low-level jets (LLJ) have been carried out using MM5 (version 3.3) with four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) for a high pollution episode in the northeastern United States during July 15uu20, 1999. In this paper, we assess ... | 0 |
35,315 | Predicting the regional impact of ozone and precipitation on the growth of loblolly pine and yellow poplar using linked TREGRO and ZELG models | Laurence, JA; Retzlaff, WA; Kern, JS; Lee, EH; Hogsett, WE; Weinstein, DA | 2,001 | To simulate the long-term effects of ozone on forests in the US, we linked TREGRO, a mechanistic model of an individual tree, to ZELIG, a forest stand model, to examine the response of forests to five ozone exposure regimes (0 to ~100 ppm h SUM06 per year) in 100-year simulations. TREGRO and ZELIG were parameterized us... | 0 |
18,250 | Ozone exposure enhances expression of cell-surface molecules associated with antigen-presenting activity on bronchoalveolar lavage cells in rats | Koike, E; Kobayashi, T; Shimojo, N | 2,001 | In this study, we investigated the effects of ozone (O3) exposure on expression of cell-surface molecules associated with antigen presentation and on accessory activity of bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BAL cells). Rats were exposed to 1 ppm O3 for 3 days. Expression of cell-surface molecules was measured by flow cytome... | 0 |
52,340 | Seasonal variation of PAN, PPN, and O3 at the upper Midwest PROPHET site | Pippin, MR; Bertman, S; Thornberry, T; Town, M; Carroll, MA; Sillman, S | 2,001 | Continuous measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), and ozone (O-3) were made from June 1997 through August 1999 at a ground site in the upper Midwest as part of the Program for Research on Oxidants: Photochemistry, Emissions, and Transport (PROPHET). Relatively clean air originating i... | 0 |
19,041 | Hidden health benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation | Cifuentes, L; Borja-Aburto, VH; Gouveia, N; Thurston, G; Davis, DL | 2,001 | W. Alton Jones Foundation; Rockefeller Family Fund; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Latin American Program of the World Bank; National Ministry of Health, Mexico; Fondecyt, Chile; Center for Integrated Study of the Human Dimensions of Global Change (National Science Foundation and Carne... | 0 |
95,618 | Observations of ozone and related species in the northeast Pacific during the PHOBEA campaigns: 2 Airborne observations | Kotchenruther, RA; Jaffe, DA; Beine, HJ; Anderson, TL; Bottenheim, JW; Harris, JM; Blake, DR; Schmitt, R | 2,001 | During late March and April of 1999 the University of Wyoming's King Air research aircraft measured atmospheric concentrations of NO, O3, peroxyacetyl nitrate (Pan), Co, CH4, VOCs, aerosols, and J(NO2) off the west coast of the United States. During 14 flights, measurements were made between 39 degree -48 degree N lati... | 0 |
52,959 | 14C-allocation of flowering and deblossomed strawberry in response to elevated ozone | Drogoudi, PD; Ashmore, M | 2,001 | Summary
* A direct assessment of carbon distribution was made in fruiting and deblossomed strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) in order to investigate the mechanisms of ozone (O3) action on fruit yield.
* Fruiting and deblossomed strawberry plants were treated with 92 ppb ozone of filtered air in open-top chambers for 69 ... | 1 |
50,076 | Effect of host plant ozone stress on Colorado potato beetles | Costa, SD; Kennedy, GG; Heagle, AS | 2,001 | ABSTRACT Effects of ozone (O3) stress of potato, Solanum tuberosum L., on fecundity, larval growth and survival of Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlirieata (Say), were measured in greenhouse and field experiments. Chronic O3 exposure caused moderate to severe foliar injury on an O3-sensitive cultivar ('Red ... | 0 |
104,720 | The characteristics of ozone and related compounds in the boundary layer of the South China coast: Temporal and vertical variations during autumn season | Wang, T; Cheung, VTF; Lam, KS; Kok, GL; Harris, JM | 2,001 | We present measurements of several trace gases made at a subtropical coastal site in Hong Kong in October and November 1997. The gases include O-3, CO, SO2, and NOx. The surface measurement data are compared with those from an aircraft study [Kok et al. J. Geophys. Res. 102(D15)(1997) 19043-19057], and a subset of the ... | 0 |
55,118 | Global tropospheric ozone dynamics Part I: tropospheric ozone precursors | Kondratyev, KY; Varotsos, C | 2,001 | (Part I). An overview of the tropospheric ozone changes is presented focusing mainly on the tropospheric ozone precusors. The complexity of the problem is shown through the consideration of a great number of relevant substances, like nitrogen compounds, volatile organic compounds, peroxyacetal nitrate, hydroxyl radica... | 0 |
47,285 | An ab initio study of the formation of alkoxy radicals by reactions of simple alkenes with the OH radical | Selcuki, C; Aviyente, V | 2,001 | The formation of ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy radicals in the reactions of ethene, propene, cis- and trans-2-butene with the OH radical has been modeled in the gaseous phase at the MP2/6-31+G(d) level. All the possible reaction pathways have been investigated, and the structures as well as the energetics have been determ... | 0 |
625,849 | Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in saliva: A new marker of disease activity in bronchial asthma | Schmekel, B; Ahlner, J; Malmstrom, M; Venge, P | 2,001 | Eosinophil cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and concentration of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in serum has been used to monitor activity of the disease. Our aim was to determine the feasibility and usefulness of measuring ECP in saliva and to use it as a marker of the disease. Thirty-eight ... | 1 |
16,375 | The potential impacts of climate variability and change on health impacts of extreme weather events in the United States | Greenough, G; McGeehin, M; Bernard, SM; Trtanj, J; Riad, J; Engelberg, D | 2,001 | Extreme weather events such as precipitation extremes and severe storms cause hundreds of deaths and injuries annually in the United States. Climate change may alter the frequency, timing, intensity, and duration of these events. Increases in heavy precipitation have occurred over the past century. Future climate scena... | 0 |
30,620 | Ozonation of blood during extracorporeal circulation II Comparative analysis of several oxygenator-ozonators and selection of one type | Bocci, V; Di Paolo, N; Borrelli, E; Larini, A; Cappelletti, F | 2,001 | Exposure of human blood ex vivo to oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) using either dialysis exchangers or normal oxygenators gives rise to a number of problems, one of which linked to platelet activation, leads to rapid occlusion and no gas exchange. Semipermeable membranes were found unsuitable because, except for one, they were ga... | 0 |
19,367 | Particles, and not gases, are associated with the risk of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Sunyer, J; Basagana, X | 2,001 | Objectives: We aim to assess the independent association of particles, after controlling for gaseous pollutants, with the risk of death among a cohort of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Residents of Barcelona, aged over 35 years, who attended emergency room services for COPD exacerb... | 0 |
25,967 | The role of fungal metabolic by-products in indoor air chemistry: analytical considerations for the evaluation of poor indoor environments | De Jesus Miranda, VR | 2,001 | SUMMARY Fungal volatile metabolic by-product emissions from inoculated building materials such as wallboard, ceiling tiles, and fiberglass furnace filters, were investigated in this project to examine their role in indoor air chemistry. This was done in an attempt to establish a fungal microbial volatile organic comp... | 0 |
34,671 | Techniques of ozone monitoring in a mountain forest region: passive and continuous sampling, vertical and canopy profiles | Gerosa, G; Mazzali, C; Ballarin-Denti, A | 2,001 | Ozone is the most harmful air pollutant for plant ecosystems in the Mediterranean and Alpine areas due to its biological and economic damage to crops and forests. In order to evaluate the relation between ozone exposure and vegetation injury under on-field conditions, suitable ozone monitoring techniques were investi... | 0 |
25,327 | Differences in basal airway antioxidant concentrations are not predictive of individual responsiveness to ozone: A comparison of healthy and mild asthmatic subjects | Mudway, IS; Stenfors, N; Blomberg, A; Helleday, R; Dunster, C; Marklund, SL; Frew, AJ; Sandstrom, T; Kelly, FJ | 2,001 | Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation; Umea University; Swedish Medical Society; Glaxo-Wellcome, Sweden; Wellcome Trust; Medical Research Council UK; Food Standards Agency UK. #The air pollutant ozone induces both airway inflammation and restrictions in lung function. These responses have been proposed to arise as a conseq... | 1 |
20,614 | Nasal biopsies of children exposed to air pollutants | Calderon-Garciduenas, L; Rodrigues-Alcaraz, A; Valencia-Salazar, G; Mora-Tascareno, A; Garcia, R; Osnaya, N; Villarreal-Calderon, A; Devlin, RB; Van Dyke, TL | 2,001 | Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC) atmosphere is a complex mixture of air pollutants, including ozone, particulate matter, and aldehydes. Children in SWMMC are exposed chronically and sequentially to numerous toxicants, and they exhibit significant nasal damage. The objective of this study was to assess p53 acc... | 0 |
80,412 | The role of glutathione in plant reaction and adaptation to air pollutants | De Kok, LJ; Tausz, M | 2,001 | null | 0 |
57,509 | Action spectrum and recovery for in vitro UV-induced cataract using whole lenses | Oriowo, OM; Cullen, AP; Chou, BR; Sivak, JG | 2,001 | PURPOSE. To establish the in vitro action spectrum for acute UV cataractogenesis using whole cultured lenses. The recovery pattern of the induced cataract was also investigated. METHODS. Aseptically dissected porcine lenses were cultured in glass chambers. At 1 week, lenses were exposed to a predetermined UV energy (J/... | 0 |
92,845 | A case study of nitrogen saturation in western US forests | Fenn, ME; Poth, MA | 2,001 | Virtually complete nitrification of the available ammonium in soil and nitrification activity in the forest floor are important factors predisposing forests in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California to nitrogen (N) saturation. As a result, inorganic N in the soil solution is dominated by nitrate. High nitr... | 0 |
19,001 | Aldehyde and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixing ratios at an urban site in Las Vegas, Nevada | Jing, L; Steinberg, SM; Johnson, BJ | 2,001 | Oxidation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in air, of significance due to, for example, the potential for O3 formation, is believed to be initiated by OH attack on the ring (addition) or on the alkyl side chain (H abstraction). A series of ring-breaking reactions follows, with major products predic... | 0 |
18,996 | A 13-week comparison of passive and continuous ozone monitors at forested sites in north-central Pennsylvania | Skelly, JM; Ferdinand, JA; Savage, JE; Jagodzinski, JM; Mulik, JD | 2,001 | Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Air Quality; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry; Pennsylvania State University, Environmental Resources Research Institute. Ogawa pas... | 0 |
35,654 | Effects of different ozone doses on memory, motor activity and lipid peroxidation levels, in rats | Dorado-Martinez, C; Parades-Carbajal, C; Mascher, D; Borgonio-Perez, G; Rivas-Arancibia, S | 2,001 | Ozone is one of the main atmospheric pollutants. Its inhalation causes an increase in free radicals, when these free radicals are not compensated by antioxidants, it leads to an oxidative stress state This oxidative stress state has been implicated in neurodegenerative processes. To determine the effects of oxidative s... | 0 |
19,420 | Short-term effects of air pollution on mortality in the cities of Rouen and Le Havre, France, 1990-1995 | Zeghnoun, A; Czernichow, P; Beaudeau, P; Hautemaniere, A; Froment, L; Le Tertre, A; Quenel, P | 2,001 | #In this study, the authors examined the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on mortality across 2 French cities: Rouen and Le Havre. In Poisson regression models, which controlled for day-of-week effects, the authors used nonparametric smoothing to control for temporal trend, weather, and influenza epidemics. ... | 0 |
25,427 | Ozone treatment reduces markers of oxidative and endothelial damage in an experimental diabetes model in rats | Al-Dalain, SM; Martinez, G; Candelario-Jalil, E; Menendez, S; Re, L; Giuliani, A; Leon, OS | 2,001 | Ozone has been used as a therapeutical agent and beneficial effects have been observed. However so far only a few biochemical and pharmacodynamic mechanisms have been elucidated. We demonstrate that controlled ozone administration may promote an oxidative preconditioning or adaptation to oxidative stress, preventing th... | 0 |
25,339 | Differences between inhaled and intravenous bronchial challenge to detect O3-induced hyperresponsiveness | Sommer, B; Vargas, MH; Chavez, J; Carbajal, V; Segura, P; Montano, LM | 2,001 | A 21-yr perspective on changes in nutrient and C pools on undisturbed upland forest sites is provided. Plots originally representing four cover types have been sampled three times. On each plot, forest biomass. forest floor, and soil, to a depth of 60 cm, were measured, sampled, and analyzed for Ca, Mg, C, N, and P. Ex... | 0 |
19,089 | Epidemiological studies of acute ozone exposures and mortality | Thurston, GD; Ito, K | 2,001 | Many, but not all, observational epidemiological studies of ozone (O(3)) air pollution have yielded significant associations between variations in daily ambient concentrations of this pollutant and a wide range of adverse health outcomes. We evaluate some past epidemiological studies that have assessed the short-term a... | 0 |
19,533 | MTBE oxidation by conventional ozonation and the combination ozone/hydrogen peroxide: efficiency of the processes and bromate formation | Acero, JL; Haderlein, SB; Schmidt, TC; Suter MJ-F; Von Gunten, U | 2,001 | #The present study investigates the oxidation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by conventional ozonation and the advanced oxidation process (AOP) ozone/hydrogen peroxide under drinking water treatment conditions. The major degradation products identified were tert-butyl formate (TBF), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), 2-metho... | 0 |
34,422 | Reactions among indoor pollutants | Weschler, CJ | 2,001 | This paper reviews recent studies in the field of "indoor chemistry" - reactions among indoor pollutants. Advances have occurred in a number of areas. A mouse bioassay procedure has shown that ozone/terpene reactions produce products that are more irritating than their precursors, although the agents responsible for th... | 0 |
25,329 | Effect of apocynin on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in asthmatics | Peters, EA; Hiltermann, JT; Stolk, J | 2,001 | Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment. #Apocynin is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase present in inflammatory cells such as cosinophils and neutrophils. We investigated the effect of inhaled apocynin on ozone-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness in vivo. Seven mild atopic asthmatics participated... | 0 |
52,723 | From milliseconds to millions of years: guard cells and environmental responses | Assmann, SM; Wang, XQ | 2,001 | During the past year, significant advances have been made in our understanding of stomatal development and its response to climate change, and in our knowledge of how guard cell Ca2+ oscillations encode environmental signals. Recent studies on (de)phosphorylation mechanisms have provided new information on how guard ce... | 0 |
21,959 | Acute effects of particulate air pollution on respiratory admissions: Results from APHEA 2 project | Atkinson, RW; Anderson, HR; Sunyer, J; Ayres, J; Baccini, M; Vonk, JM; Boumghar, A; Forastiere, F; Forsberg, B; Touloumi, G; Schwartz, J; Katsouyanni, K | 2,001 | The APHEA 2 project investigated short-term health effects of particles in eight European cities. In each city associations between particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 Am (PM10) and black smoke and daily counts of emergency hospital admissions for asthma (0-14 and 15-64 yr), chronic obstructive pulmo... | 0 |
670,827 | Simultaneous identification of GSTP1 Ile105->Val105 and
Ala114->Val114 substitutions using an amplification refractory
mutation system polymerase chain reaction assay: Studies in
patients with asthma | Hemmingsen, A; Fryer, AA; Hepple, M; Strange, RC; Spiteri, MA | 2,001 | BACKGROUND: The glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme GSTP1 utilizes byproducts of oxidative stress. We previously showed that alleles of GSTP1 that encode the Ile105-->Val105 substitution are associated with the asthma phenotypes of atopy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). However, a further polymorphic site (A... | 1 |
20,617 | Role of free radicals in the toxicity of airborne fine particulate matter | Dellinger, B; Pryor, WA; Cueto, R; Squadrito, GL; Hegde, V; Deutsch, WA | 2,001 | Exposure to airborne fine particles (PM2.5) is implicated in excess of 50 000 yearly deaths in the USA as well as a number of chronic respiratory illnesses. Despite intense interest in the toxicity of PM2.5, the mechanisms by which it causes illnesses are poorly understood. Since the principal source of airborne fine p... | 0 |
18,994 | Leaf area distribution and radiative transfer in open-canopy forests: implications to mass and energy exchange | Law, BE; Cescatti, A; Baldocchi, DD | 2,001 | Leaf area and its spatial distribution are key canopy parameters needed to model the radiation regime within a forest and to compute the mass and energy exchange between a forest and the atmosphere. A much larger proportion of available net radiation is received at the forest floor in open-canopy forests than in closed... | 0 |
19,390 | Is air pollution a risk factor for low birth weight in Seoul? | Ha, EH; Hong, YC; Lee, BE; Woo, BH; Schwartz, J; Christiani, DC | 2,001 | Environmental factors contributing to reduced birth weight are of great concern because of the well-known relation of birth weight to infant mortality and adverse effects in later life. We examined the associations between air pollution exposures during pregnancy and low birth weight among all full-term births (gestati... | 1 |
25,425 | The physiology of ozone induced cell death | Rao, MV; Davis, KR | 2,001 | INTRO.Ozone (O3) is a toxic air pollutant that is, somewhat paradoxically, both beneficial and harmful to life on earth. While stratospheric O3 shields biologically harmful UV radiation from reaching the earth's surface, tropospheric O3 is toxic to biological organisms. The discovery of the phytotoxicity of O3 during t... | 0 |
19,391 | Daily mortality and air pollution along busy streets in Amsterdam, 1987-1998 | Roemer, WH; Van Wijnen, JH | 2,001 | #Time-series studies on the association between daily mortality and air pollution levels have been criticized because they use background air pollution measurement sites to estimate exposure of the whole population, including those living along busy roads. To evaluate whether the exposure of people living along busy ro... | 0 |
19,401 | Gaseous pollutants in particulate matter epidemiology: Confounders or surrogates? | Sarnat, JA; Schwartz, J; Catalano, PJ; Suh, HH | 2,001 | Health Effects Institute; Harvard-EPA Center on Particle Health Effects; Electric Power Research Institute; American Petroleum Institute. #Air pollution epidemiologic studies use ambient pollutant concentrations as surrogates of personal exposure. Strong correlations among numerous ambient pollutant concentrations, how... | 1 |
93,491 | Repetitive ozone exposure of young adults: Evidence of persistent small airway dysfunction | Frank, R; Liu, MC; Spannhake, EW; Mlynarek, S; Macri, K; Weinmann, GG | 2,001 | Earlier, we found that acute ozone (O3) exposure caused, along with inflammation, greater, more protracted changes in small airway function (isovolumetric Vmax at intermediate to low lung volumes) than in FVC or FEV1. To test if this distinction prevailed with repetitive O3 exposure, we exposed eight healthy adults on ... | 1 |
16,258 | Canopy level fluxes of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, acetone, and methanol by a portable relaxed eddy accumulation system | Baker, B; Guenther, A; Greenberg, J; Fall, R | 2,001 | National Science Foundation; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science. #Canopy level flux measurements of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO), acetone, and methanol were made over a subalpine forest in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado in the summer of 1999. The measurements were carried out using a portable r... | 0 |
93,492 | Associations between daily cause-specific mortality and concentrations of ground-level ozone in Montreal, Quebec | Goldberg, MS; Burnett, RT; Brook, J; Bailar JC III; Valois, MF; Vincent, R | 2,001 | Health Effects Institute; Health Canada. #The authors investigated the association between daily variations in ozone and cause-specific mortality. Fixed-site air pollution monitors in Montreal, Quebec, provided daily mean levels of ozone, particles, and other gaseous pollutants. Information on the date and underlying c... | 0 |
25,523 | State of the air: 2001 | null | 2,001 | State of the Air: 2000 focused on the years 1996-1998; State of the Air: 2001 looked at 1997-1999, and State of the Air: 2002 includes data from 1998-2000. This represents the most recent available complete ozone monitoring data that has been fully reviewed by the EPA for quality assurance at the time this report was p... | 0 |
16,672 | Ozone emission rate testing and ranking method using environmental chamber | Niu, J; Tung, TCW; Burnett, J | 2,001 | #Ionization-based air cleaners can emit high concentrations of ozone. With the aim to limit the ozone concentration below the standard value in actual use conditions, wt propose a standard procedure for testing and ranking the ozone emission of air cleaners. It is demonstrated by resting 27 samples of air cleaners that... | 0 |
19,128 | Formation of strong airway irritants in mixtures of isoprene/ozone and isoprene/ozone/nitrogen dioxide | Wilkins, CK; Clausen, PA; Wolkoff, P; Larsen, ST; Hammer, M; Larsen, K; Hansen, V; Nielsen, GD | 2,001 | Center for Indoor Air Research. #We evaluated the airway irritation of isoprene, isoprene/ozone, and isoprene/ozone/nitrogen dioxide mixtures using a mouse bioassay, from which we calculated sensory irritation, bronchial constriction, and pulmonary irritation. We observed significant sensory irritation (approximately 5... | 0 |
25,317 | A model for forecasting emergency hospital admissions: effect of environmental variables | Diaz, J; Alberdi, JC; Pajares, MS; Lopez, C; Lopez, R; Lage, MB; Otero, A | 2,001 | This study modeled patterns and trends in emergency hospital admissions at a hospital in Madrid, Spain. The purpose was to quantify qualitative associations that have been detected between such admissions and a number of environmental variables. The following data were used: unscheduled daily emergency hospital admissi... | 0 |
77,260 | Evaluation of pollution-related stress factors for forest ecosystems in central Europe | Herman, F; Smidt, S; Huber, S; Englisch, M; Knoflacher, M | 2,001 | Since the early eighties air pollution by SO2 and Pb and, to a lesser degree by NOx and NH3, have been significantly reduced in Europe. This was done in part for the protection of forest ecosystems. The reductions are reflected in the pollutant impacts and inputs and have been verified through the bio-indicator Norway ... | 0 |
44,125 | Nitrogen availability modifies the ozone responses of Scots pine seedlings exposed in an open-field system | Utriainen, J; Holopainen, T | 2,001 | Three-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were exposed to either ambient or elevated (1.5u1.6 I ambient) ozone concentration ([O3]) for three growing seasons in an open-field fumigation facility where they were irrigated during the growing season with a nutrient solution providing nitrogen (N) at 70 (LN... | 0 |
19,216 | Laboratory and field evaluation of measurement methods for one-hour exposures to O3, PM25, and CO | Chang, LT; Suh, HH; Wolfson, JM; Misra, K; Allen, GA; Catalano, PJ; Koutrakis, P | 2,001 | Electric Power Research Institute; American Petroleum Institute. While researchers have linked acute (less than 12-hr) ambient O3 , PM 2.5 , and CO concentrations to a variety of adverse health effects, few studies have characterized short-term exposures to these air pollutants, in part due to the lack of sensitive, ac... | 0 |
25,344 | Peroxyacetyl nitrate and peroxypropionyl nitrate during SCOS 97-NARSTO | Grosjean, E; Grosjean, D; Woodhouse, LF | 2,001 | Peroxyacyl nitrates [RC(O)OONO2] play an important role in urban air quality and tropospheric chemistry. They also receive attention as mutagens, phytotoxins, and possible air quality indicators of changes in vehicle fuel composition. Ambient concentrations of PAN (R = CH3) and PPN (R = C2H5) have been measured during ... | 0 |
52,287 | Overview of the program for research on oxidants, photochemistry, emissions and transport (PROPHET) summer 1998 measurements intensive | Carroll, MA; Bertman, SB; Shepson, PB | 2,001 | N/A. | 0 |
42,643 | FACE systems for studying the impacts of greenhouse gases on forest ecosystems | Karnosky, DF; Gielen, B; Ceulemans, R; Schlesinger, WH; Norby, RJ; Oksanen, E; Matyssek, R; Hendrey, GR | 2,001 | Experimental research on tree responses to CO2 over past decades can be characterized by a gradual increase in the scale of complexity of investigations as researchers have moved from laboratory chambers towards field chambers (Fig.10.1), from small seedlings to larger trees, and from simple, single-factor studies to m... | 0 |
43,698 | Genotypic variation in growth and physiological responses of Finnish hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides x P. tremula) to elevated tropospheric ozone concentration | Oksanen, E; Amores, G; Kokko, H; Santamaria, JM; Karenlampi, L | 2,001 | Saplings of six Finnish hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. I P. tremula L.) clones were exposed to 0, 50, 100 and 150 ppb ozone (O3) for 32 days in a chamber experiment to determine differences in O3 sensitivity among genotypes. Based on the chamber experiment, three clones with intermediate sensitivity to O3 wer... | 0 |
51,776 | Air pollutants enhance rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms in pollen-allergic individuals | Riediker, M; Monn, C; Koller, T; Stahel, WA; Wuthrich, B | 2,001 | #Background: Little is know about the relation of airborne pollen allergens to nasal and ocular symptoms in combination with air pollutants.
Objective: The hypothesis was that air pollutants exacerbate allergic symptoms of the nose and eyes during the pollen season. In addition, the use of allergen measurements inste... | 1 |
20,625 | Evaluating the health significance of hazardous air pollutants using monitoring data | Kyle, AD; Wright, CC; Caldwell, JC; Buffler, PA; Woodruff, TJ | 2,001 | <strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>Though many contaminants are released into the atmosphere, in the US only six air pollutants-ozone, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead-are closely monitored and carefully assessed for health significance. Other pollutants, even if highly toxic, ar... | 0 |
34,730 | Structure and response patterns of olfactory interneurons in the honeybee Apis mellifera | Abel, R; Rybak, J; Menzel, R | 2,001 | To analyze morphologic and physiological properties of olfactory interneurons in the honeybee, Apis mellifera, antennal lobe (AL) neurons were intracellularly recorded and subsequently labeled with Neurobiotin. Additional focal injections were carried out with cobalt hexamine chloride and dextran fluorescent markers. O... | 0 |
25,146 | Health: the potential consequences of climate variability and change | Bernard, SM; McGeehin, MG; Patz JA eds | 2,001 | null | 0 |
41,924 | Isoprene emission capacity for US tree species | Geron, CD; Harley, P; Guenther, A | 2,001 | Isoprene emission capacity measurements are presented from 18 North American oak (Quercus) species and species from six other genera previously found to emit significant quantities of isoprene. Sampling was conducted at physiographically diverse locations in North Carolina, Central California, and Northern Oregon. Emis... | 0 |
43,032 | Response to ammonium and nitrate by a mycorrhizal annual invasive grass and native shrub in southern California | Yoshida, LC; Allen, EB | 2,001 | The goal of this study was to determine the interaction of mycorrhizae and two N sources, ammonium (NH(4)(+)) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)), on the growth of a coastal sage scrub (CSS) species, Artemisia californica, and an exotic annual grass, Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition may be influenci... | 0 |
47,308 | Direct measurement of OH radicals from ozonolysis of selected alkenes: a EUPHORE simulation chamber study | Siese, M; Becker, KH; Brockmann, KJ; Geiger, H; Hofzumahaus, A; Holland, F; Mihelcic, D; Wirtz, K | 2,001 | #Reactions of ozone with alkenes can be a significant source of hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere. In the present paper, the formation of OH radicals in the ozonolysis of selected alkenes under atmospheric conditions was directly observed. The experiments were carried out in the European photoreactor EUPHORE (Valenci... | 0 |
30,627 | Regulation of heat shock protein synthesis in human skin fibroblasts in response to oxidative stress: role of vitamin E | Calabrese, V; Scapagnini, G; Catalano, C; Bates, TE; Geraci, D; Pennisi, G; Giuffrida, SAM | 2,001 | Skin plays an important role in protection agrainst oxidative stressors such as ultraviolet radiation, ozone and chemicals. Chronic sun exposure causes degenerative changes in the skin that are recognized as photoaging. Oxidative stress has been shown to alter the expression of mammalian antioxidant enzymes as well as ... | 0 |
79,175 | Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) of a poplar plantation: the POPFACE fumigation system | Miglietta, F; Peressotti, A; Vaccari, FP; Zaldei, A; Deangelis, P; Scarascia-Mugnozza, G | 2,001 | null | 0 |
126,828 | Spatial variations of ground level ozone concentrations in areas of different scales | Lin, TY; Young, LH; Wang, CS | 2,001 | The spatial variation of ground level ozone concentrations
was investigated for areas of three different scales: (1) an air quality management district (a
region about 100 x 70 km(2)) in northern Taiwan, (2) the neighborhood (about 2 km in radius) of
an air quality monitoring station, and (3) an open field (about... | 0 |
53,070 | Impacts of elevated CO2 and/or O3 on leaf ultrastructure of aspen (Populus tremuloides) and birch (Betula papyrifera) in the Aspen FACE experiment | Oksanen, E; Sober, J; Karnosky, DF | 2,001 | #Impacts of elevated atmospheric O3 and/or CO2 on three clones of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) were studied to determine, whether or not elevated CO2 ameliorates O3-induced damage to leaf cells. The plants were exposed for 3 years at the Aspen FACE exposure site in Wisconsin (... | 0 |
625,816 | The predictive value of exhaled nitric oxide measurements in assessing changes in asthma control | Jones, SL; Kittelson, J; Cowan, JO; Flannery, EM; Hancox, RJ; McLachlan, CR; Taylor, DR | 2,001 | Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) levels are increased in untreated or unstable asthma and measurements can be made easily. Our aim was to assess the usefulness of eNO for diagnosing and predicting loss of control (LOC) in asthma following steroid withdrawal. Comparisons were made against sputum eosinophils and airway hyperre... | 1 |
47,069 | The heterogeneous reactivity of gaseous nitric acid on authentic mineral dust samples, and on individual mineral and clay mineral components | Hanisch, F; Crowley, JN | 2,001 | The heterogeneous reaction between HNO3 and various authentic dust, mineral and clay mineral surfaces has been investigated by means of the Knudsen reactor technique at =296 K. Authentic dust surfaces from both the Saharan and Chinese dust regions were investigated, as were the minerals and clay minerals: kaolinite, ri... | 0 |
25,187 | Effects of combined ozone and air pollution particle exposure in mice | Kobzik, L; Goldsmith C-AW; Ning, YY; Qin, G; Morgan, B; Imrich, A; Lawrence, J; Murthy, GGK; Catalano, PJ | 2,001 | Epidemiologic studies indicate that ozone (O3*) and air pollution particles can exacerbate asthma symptoms. We investigated whether coexposure to inhaled particles and O3 causes a synergistic effect on airway responsiveness and allergic inflammation in a murine (BALB/c) model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. Half of ... | 0 |
53,516 | Acetone and acetonitrile in the tropical Indian ocean boundary layer and free troposphere: aircraft-based intercomparison of AP-CIMS and PTR-MS measurements | Sprung, D; Jost, C; Reiner, T; Hansel, A; Wisthaler, A | 2,001 | We have performed aircraft-borne intercomparison measurements of acetone and acetonitrile using two different mass spectrometric techniques: A Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) operated and developed by the Institute of Ion Physics, University of Innsbruck, and an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionizat... | 0 |
21,168 | A 3D eulerian source-oriented model for an externally mixed aerosol | Kleeman, MJ; Cass, GR | 2,001 | A 3D Eulerian source-oriented model for an externally mixed aerosol is developed and then used to compute the contribution that different emission sources make to regional fine particle concentrations in the South Coast Air Basin surrounding Los Angeles, CA, on September 25, 1996. The model simultaneously tracks fine p... | 0 |
76,680 | Adverse pregnancy outcome in a petrochemical polluted area in Taiwan | Lin, MC; Yu, HS; Tsai, SS; Cheng, BH; Hsu, TY; Wu, TN; Yang, CY | 2,001 | The petrochemical industry is the main source of industrial air pollution in Taiwan. Reported here are the results from an ongoing study of outdoor air pollution and the health of individuals living in a community in close proximity to petrochemical industrial complexes. The prevalences of term low birth weight (LBW) i... | 0 |
19,590 | Effects of ozone and endotoxin coexposure on rat airway epithelium: potentiation of toxicant-induced alterations | Wagner, JG; Hotchkiss, JA; Harkema, JR | 2,001 | #Tropospheric ozone is the major oxidizing component in photochemical smog and is one of the most pervasive problems to human health of the criteria air pollutants for which the National Ambient Air Quality Standards have been designated by the Clean Air Act. Although many adverse health effects of ozone exposure have ... | 0 |
19,060 | Modulation of airway sensitivity to inhaled irritants: role of inflammatory mediators | Lee, LY; Widdicombe, JG | 2,001 | Bronchopulmonary C-fiber endings and rapidly adapting pulmonary receptors (RARs) are primarily responsible for eliciting the defense reflexes in protecting the lungs against inhaled irritants. In anesthetized animals, inhalation of cigarette smoke, one of the common inhaled irritants, into the lungs elicits pulmonary c... | 0 |
47,066 | Effects of aerosols on tropospheric oxidants: A global model study | Tie, X; Brasseur, G; Emmons, L; Horowitz, L; Kinnison, D | 2,001 | The global distributions of sulfate and soot particles in the atmosphere are calculated, and the effect of aerosol particles on tropospheric oxidants is studied using a global chemical/transport/aerosol model. The model is developed in the framework of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) global three-di... | 0 |
42,249 | A novel method for chronic measurement of respiratory function in the conscious monkey | Murphy, DJ; Renninger, JP; Coatney, RW | 2,001 | Introduction: Chronic measurement of respiratory function in the conscious monkey has been limited by the ability to monitor pleural pressure. Previous attempts to measure pleural pressure chronically in conscious animals have involved surgical implantation of pressure-sensitive catheters directly into the pleural cavi... | 0 |
16,245 | Cardiovascular and systemic responses to inhaled pollutants in rodents: Effects of ozone and particulate matter | Watkinson, WP; Campen, MJ; Nolan, JP; Costa, DL | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; University of North Carolina. #Striking similarities have been observed in a number of extrapulmonary responses of rodents to seemingly disparate ambient pollutants. These responses are often characterized by primary decreases in important indices of cardiac and thermoregulatory fu... | 1 |
17,206 | The burden of air pollution: impacts among racial minorities | Gwynn, RC; Thurston, GD | 2,001 | Various epidemiologic investigations have shown that ambient air pollution levels are associated with acute increases in hospital admissions and mortality in the United States and abroad. The objectives of this investigation were a) to determine if racial minorities are more adversely affected by ambient air pollution ... | 0 |
43,922 | Scaling ozone effects from seedlings to forest trees Tansley review no 21 | Samuelson, L; Kelly, JM | 2,001 | Biospheric ozone has become a widely distributed air pollutant, and a growing body of research indicates that ozone impacts forest health and productivity. Ozone effects are mediated by the ozone concentration present in the external environment and the movement of ozone into the leaf via the stoma. The cumulative dose... | 0 |
19,034 | Effect of antioxidant supplementation on ozone-induced lung injury in human subjects | Samet, JM; Hatch, GE; Horstman, D; Steck-Scott, S; Arab, L; Bromberg, PA; Levine, M; Mcdonnell, WF; Devlin, RB | 2,001 | To determine whether antioxidants can influence human susceptibility to ozone (O3)-induced changes in lung function and airway inflammation, we placed 31 healthy nonsmoking adults (18 to 35 yr old) on a diet low in ascorbate for 3 wk. At 1 wk, subjects were exposed to filtered air for 2 h while exercising (20 L / min /... | 1 |
80,087 | Regulation of the Arabidopsis transcriptome by oxidative stress | Desikan, R; A-H-Mackerness, S; Hancock, JT; Neill, SJ | 2,001 | Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance in the accumulation and removal of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is a challenge faced by all aerobic organisms. In plants, exposure to various abiotic and biotic stresses results in accumulation of H2O2 and oxidative stress. Increasing evidence i... | 0 |
25,335 | Environmental pollution and allergy | Ring, J; Eberlein-Koenig, B; Behrendt, H | 2,001 | #Objectives: Among the theories supporting the increase of allergic diseases in modern western countries during the last several decades is the concept that environmental pollutants may play a vital role. Reading this article will enable the reader to recognize the effect of different types of environmental pollution o... | 0 |
20,552 | Respiratory effects of relocating to areas of differing air pollution levels | Avol, EL; Gauderman, WJ; Tan, SM; London, SJ; Peters, JM | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; University of California; California Air Resources Board. #We studied 110 children (59 boys and 51 girls, who were 10 yr of age at enrollment and 15 yr of age at follow-up) who had moved from communities participating in a 10-yr ... | 0 |
57,301 | Ozone causes lipid peroxidation but little antioxidant depletion in exercising and nonexercising hamsters | Long, NC; Suh, J; Morrow, JD; Schiestl, RH; Krishna Murthy, GG; Brain, JD; Frei, B | 2,001 | Ozone (O(3)), a major component of urban air pollution, is a strong oxidizing agent that can cause lung injury and inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of inhalation of O(3) on levels of F(2)-isoprostanes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and on levels of antioxidants in the BALF and plas... | 1 |
88,515 | Normalization figures for environmental life cycle assessment: The Netherlands (1997/1998), western Europe 1995 and the world (1990 and 1995) | Huijbregts, MAJ; Breedveld, L; Huppes, G; De Koning, A; Van Oers, L; Suh, S | 2,001 | Normalisation provides a measure of the relative contribution from a product system to one or more environmental problems. Total yearly emissions for a reference year in a reference region are normally used to calculate normalisation figures. This paper provides up-to-date normalisation figures for the Netherlands in 1... | 0 |
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