REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40,360 | Effect of C-fiber-mediated, ozone-induced rapid shallow breathing on airway epithelial injury in rats | Schelegle, ES; Alfaro, MF; Putney, L; Stovall, M; Tyler, N; Hyde, DM | 2,001 | We examined the relationship between C-fiber-mediated, ozone-induced rapid shallow breathing and airway epithelial cell injury at different airway sites within the lower respiratory tract of conscious Wistar rats (n = 24). We combined an acute 8-h ozone inhalation with vagal perineural capsaicin treatment, a selective ... | 0 |
21,108 | Assessing the public health benefits of reduced ozone concentrations | Levy, JI; Carrothers, TJ; Tuomisto, JT; Hammitt, JK; Evans, JS | 2,001 | In this paper we examine scientific evidence and related uncertainties in two steps of benefit-cost analyses of ozone reduction: estimating the health improvements attributable to reductions in ozone and determining the appropriate monetary values of these improvements. Although substantial evidence exists on molecular... | 0 |
1,082,524 | Tissue injury following inhalation of fine particulate matter and hydrogen peroxide is associated with altered production of inflammatory mediators and antioxidants by alveolar macrophages | Morio, LA; Hooper, KA; Brittingham, J; Li, TH; Gordon, RE; Turpin, BJ; Laskin, DL | 2,001 | Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is present in the atmosphere at concentrations known to induce cell and tissue damage. However, inhaled H(2)O(2) vapor should not reach the lower lung due to its high water solubility. It has been suggested that hygroscopic components of particulate matter (PM) may transport H(2)O(2) into t... | 0 |
25,343 | Budesonide reduces neutrophilic but not functional airway response to ozone in mild asthmatics | Vagaggini, B; Taccola, M; Conti, I; Carnevali, S; Cianchetti, S; Bartoli, ML; Bacci, E; Dente, FL; Di Franco, A; Giannini, D; Paggiaro, PL | 2,001 | Ambient ozone concentration is related to asthma exacerbation, but few findings are available regarding the effects of pharmacologic asthma treatment on this relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether inhaled corticosteroids inhibit ozone-induced airway neutrophilic inflammation, as detected in ... | 1 |
80,696 | Trends of measured climate forcing agents | Hansen, JE; Sato, M | 2,001 | The growth rate of climate forcing by measured greenhouse gases peaked near 1980 at almost 5 W/m2 per century. This growth rate has since declined to ~3 W/m2 per century, largely because of cooperative international actions. We argue that trends can be reduced to the level needed for the moderate "alternative" climate ... | 0 |
89,436 | Snowpack photochemical production of HONO: a major source of OH in the Arctic boundary layer in springtime | Zhou, X; Beine, HJ; Honrath, RE; Fuentes, JD; Simpson, W; Shepson, PB; Bottenheim, JW | 2,001 | Both snow manipulation experiments and ambient measurements during the Polar Sunrise Experiment 2000 at Alert (Alert2000) indicate intensive photochemical production of nitrous acid (HONO) in the snowpack. This process constitutes a major HONO source for the overlying atmospheric boundary layer in the Arctic during the... | 0 |
17,431 | The history of the UV radiation climate of the earth--theoretical and space-based observations | Cockell, CS; Horneck, G | 2,001 | In the Archean era (3.8-2.5 Ga ago) the Earth probably lacked a protective ozone column. Using data obtained in the Earth's orbit on the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores we quantitatively estimate the potential biological effects of such an environment. We combine this practical data with theoretical calculatio... | 0 |
47,410 | Role of climate feedback on methane and ozone studied with a coupled ocean-atmosphere-chemistry model | Johnson, CE; Stevenson, DS; Collins, WJ; Derwent, RG | 2,001 | We present results from two experiments carried out with a coupled ocean-atmosphere-tropospheric chemistry model run continously over the period 1990 to 2100. In the control experiment, climate is unforced, but emissions of trace gases to the chemical model increase in line with an illustrative scenario for future trac... | 0 |
25,356 | Inflammatory cell availability affects ozone-induced lung damage | Bassett, D; Elbon-Copp, C; Otterbein, S; Barraclough-Mitchell, H; Delorme, M; Yang, H | 2,001 | Identifying whether or not neutrophils have a role to play in the early stages of acute lung epithelial injury brought about by inhalation of reactive substances continues to be a major area of investigation. In this study, the availability of circulating neutrophils was manipulated by treatment with either cyclophosph... | 0 |
57,165 | UV doses of Americans | Godar, DE; Wengraitis, SP; Shreffler, J; Sliney, DH | 2,001 | The UV doses of Americans were never measured, but are needed for assessing the risks of UV-related health effects. We calculated these doses using a novel approach. The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS) recorded the activity profiles of 9386 Americans over 24 months... | 0 |
35,207 | Generation of oxidative stress in human cutaneous models following in vitro ozone exposure | Cotovio, J; Onno, L; Justine, P; Lamure, S; Catroux, P | 2,001 | Ozone, one of the main components of photochemical smog, represents an important source of environmental oxidative stress. The skin, being the outermost barrier of the body, is directly exposed to environmental oxidant toxicants. Skin sebum and cellular plasma membrane lipids contain polyunsaturated fatty acids which a... | 0 |
30,480 | Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in ozone-induced lung injury | Laskin, DL; Fakhrzadeh, L; Laskin, JD | 2,001 | One of the hallmarks of the inflammatory response associated with tissue injury is the accumulation of macrophages at sites of damage. These cell types release proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic mediators to destroy invading pathogens and initiate wo | 0 |
30,479 | Functional genomics of oxidant-induced lung injury | Leikauf, GD; Mcdowell, SA; Bachurski, CJ; Aronow, BJ; Gammon, K; Wesselkamper, SC; Hardie, W; Wiest, JS; Leikauf, JE; Korfhagen, TR; Prows, DR | 2,001 | Our underlying hypothesis is that gene-environmental interactions control individual susceptibility to oxidant-induced acute lung injury. Although genetic pre-disposition is likely to be important in many lung diseases, this presentation focuses on acute lung injury, which is characterized by compromised gas exchange f... | 0 |
25,359 | Health risk assessment of urban suspended particulate matter with special reference to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review | Ravindra; Mittal, AK; Van Grieken, R | 2,001 | Airborne suspended particulate matter is an important marker of air quality. The term 'particulates' includes organic and inorganic matter, nitrogen compounds, sulphur compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), several heavy metals, and radionuclides. The health risks from the 'classic' pollutants sulfur diox... | 0 |
25,313 | Atopy prevalence and spirometric performance in asymptomatic schoolchildren exposed to air pollution | Centanni, S; Di Marco, F; Castagna, F; Santus, P; Guarnieri, R; Allegra, L | 2,001 | The association between respiratory disease and high levels of air pollution is well known. The most common risk factors associated with lung function decrease are airborne particulates. ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). The aim of our study was to evaluate any difference in the prevalence o... | 0 |
15,915 | Effects of physical interventions on house dust mite allergen levels in carpet, bed, and upholstery dust in low-income, urban homes | Vojta, PJ; Randels, SP; Stout, J; Muilenberg, M; Burge, HA; Lynn, H; Mitchell, H; O'Connor Gt; Zeldin DCq | 2,001 | #House dust mite allergen exposure is a postulated risk factor for allergic sensitization, asthma development, and asthma morbidity; however, practical and effective methods to mitigate these allergens from low-income, urban home environments remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and e... | 0 |
25,355 | Air pollution in asthma: Effect of pollutants on airway inflammation | Peden, DB | 2,001 | #Objectives: The objective of this review is to examine the impact of air pollutants on airway inflammation, with an emphasis on the interaction of the effect of ozone, particulate matter, and endotoxin exposure and immunoglobulin E-mediated airway inflammation. Data Sources: This review examines the National Ambient A... | 0 |
25,439 | Oviductural carcinoma in B6C3F1 female mice exposed to 05 ppm ozone | Kim, MY; Son, JW; Cho, MH; Choi, CS; Chae, CH; Lee, MH | 2,001 | The toxicity and carcinogenecity of ozone was evaluated in B6C3F1 mice exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone via inhalation for 12w, during which no ozone-related deaths occurred. Decreases in mean body weights of both genders exposed to ozone were sporadically seen, and mean absolute and relative weights of several organs from mal... | 0 |
25,424 | Effect of pollutants in rhinitis | Peden, DB | 2,001 | #Allergic rhinitis is a very common disease worldwide and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Exposure to environmental allergens is the most significant environmental factor in development and exacerbation of allergic rhinitis. However, air pollutants that are not allergens may affect allergic inf... | 0 |
24,998 | Characterization of secondary aerosol from the photooxidation of toluene in the presence of NOx and 1-propene | Jang, M; Kamens, RM | 2,001 | National Science Foundation. #Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the photooxidation of toluene in a hydrocarbon-NOx mixture was generated in a 190 m3 outdoor Teflon chamber. The photooxidation reaction of toluene in the gas phase leads to substituted aromatics (TOL-AR), nonaromatic ring retaining (TOL-R), and ring op... | 0 |
16,704 | Ozone induces impairment of adrenergic relaxation in thoracic guinea pig tracheas | Sommer, B; Vargas, MH; Campos, MG; Montano, LM | 2,001 | The effect of ozone on airway relaxation mechanisms has been seldom studied. We exposed guinea pigs to ozone (0.3, 0.6 or 1.2 ppm for 4 h) and studied the in vitro tracheal responses to isoproterenol and nitroprusside, looking for differences between cervical and thoracic regions. We found that ozone did not alter resp... | 0 |
57,454 | Dose response for UV-induced immune suppression in people of color: Differences based on erythemal reactivity rather than skin pigmentation | Selgrade, MJK; Smith, MV; Oberhelman-Bragg, LJ; Levee, GJ; Koren, HS; Cooper, KD | 2,001 | Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to suppress immune responses in human subjects. The purpose of this study was to develop dose responses across a broad range of skin pigmentation in order to facilitate risk assessment. UVR was administered using FS 20 bulbs. Skin pigmentation and UVR sensitivity were evaluated usin... | 0 |
25,149 | Preparing for a changing climate: the potential consequences of climate variability and change New England regional overview | null | 2,001 | null | 0 |
30,634 | Lipid peroxidation-antioxidant activity system in erythrocytes of patients with chronic bronchitis inhaling and not inhaling ozone | Abdrashitova, NF; Romanov, YA | 2,001 | #Development of chronic bronchitis in individuals chronically exposed to ozone is associated with complex changes in the lipid peroxidation-antioxidant activity system in erythrocytes characterized by intensification of lipid peroxidation and parallel attenuation of antioxidant activity. | 0 |
19,841 | Ozone absorption in the human nose during unidirectional airflow | Santiago, LY; Hann, MC; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS | 2,001 | This study addresses the effect of gas flow rate and ozone (O(3)) concentration on the uptake of this air pollutant in the nose. A nasal exposure system was developed in which a constant flow of humidified air (V) containing a constant concentration of O(3) (C(inlet)) entered one nostril and then exited the other n... | 1 |
17,024 | Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease | Diez Roux, AV; Merkin, SS; Arnett, D; Chambless, L; Massing, M; Nieto, FJ; Sorlie, P; Szklo, M; Tyroler, HA; Watson, RL | 2,001 | BACKGROUND: Where a person lives is not usually thought of as an independent predictor of his or her health, although physical and social features of places of residence may affect health and health-related behavior. METHODS: Using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, we examined the relation betwee... | 0 |
52,312 | Sensitivity of ozone production rate to ozone precursors | Kleinman, LI; Daum, PH; Lee, YN; Nunnermacker, LJ; Springston, SR; Weinstein-Lloyd, J; Rudolph, J | 2,001 | The photochemical equations describing O3 formation in the lower troposphere contain 2 major sink terms for free radicals; combination reactions and reactions with NOx. Knowing the fraction of radicals removed by reactions with NOR, termed LN/Q, allows one to predict the sensitivity of O3 production to NO and VOCs. We ... | 0 |
33,721 | Surface ozone at the Swiss alpine site Arosa: the hemispheric background and the influence of large-scale anthropogenic emissions | Pochanart, P; Akimoto, H; Maksyutov, S; Staehelin, J | 2,001 | #An innovative and effective method using isentropic trajectory analysis based on the residence time of air masses over the polluted region of Europe was successfully applied to categorize surface ozone amounts at Arosa, Switzerland during 1996-1997. The "European representative" background ozone seasonal cycle at Aros... | 0 |
35,820 | Trends in air concentration and deposition at background monitoring sites in Sweden - major inorganic compounds, heavy metals and ozone | Kindbom, K; Svensson, A; Sjoeberg, K; Pihl, KG | 2,001 | This report describes concentrations in air of sulphur compounds, soot, nitrogen compounds and ozone in Sweden between 1985-1998. Time trends of concentration in precipitation and deposition of sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, acidity, base cations and chloride in six different regions covering Sweden are evaluated during ... | 0 |
41,833 | Differences in above- and below-ground responses to ozone between two populations of a perennial grass | Yoshida, LC; Gamon, JA; Andersen, CP | 2,001 | Our study examined the influence of elevated ozone levels on the growth and mycorrhizal colonization of two populations of Elymus glaucus L. (blue wildrye). We hypothesized that ozone would reduce carbon availability to the plants, particularly below ground, and would affect mycorrhizal colonization. Because of the wid... | 0 |
17,970 | Evaluating the performance of regional-scale photochemical modeling systems: Part I--meteorological predictions | Hogrefe, C; Rao, ST; Kasibhatla, P; Kallos, G; Tremback, CJ; Hao, W; Olerud, D; Xiu, A; Mchenry, J; Alapaty, K | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Electric Power Research Institute; New York State Energy Research & Development Authority; Duke University; Georgia Tech. #In this study, the concept of scale analysis is applied to evaluate two state-of-science meteorological models, namely MM5 and RAMS3b, currently being used to ... | 0 |
54,029 | Organic nitrogen in Hawaiian rain and aerosols | Cornell, S; Mace, K; Coeppicus, S; Duce, R; Huebert, B; Jickells, T; Zhuang, LZ | 2,001 | Water-soluble organic nitrogen (ON) is an important component of fixed nitrogen in clean marine aerosol and rainwater collected at a site on the windward coast of Oahu, Hawaii. Aerosol material associated with the predominant trade winds carries 3.3 ? 2.0 nmol ON m-3, which makes up roughly one third of the total nitr... | 0 |
17,063 | Mortality related to cold and air pollution in London after allowance for effects of associated weather patterns | Keatinge, WR; Donaldson, GC | 2,001 | European Union, Biomed 1 programme. #We looked for atypical weather patterns that could confound, and explain large inconsistencies in, conventional estimates of mortality due to SO2, CO, and smoke. Using Greater London data for 1976-1995 in the linear temperature/mortality range 0-15?C we determined weather patterns a... | 0 |
26,417 | A decline in nitrogen availability affects plant responses to ozone | Bielenberg, DG; Lynch, JP; Pell, EJ | 2,001 | * The effects are presented here of a decline in nitrogen (N) availability on ozone (O3)-induced accelerated foliar senescence during the growing season in a hybrid poplar. * Cuttings of Populus trichocarpa x maximowizii were grown in sand culture where N supply to the plant could be controlled on a daily basis and red... | 0 |
17,410 | The role of outdoor air pollution and climatic changes on the rising trends in respiratory allergy | D'Amato, G; Liccardi, G; D'Amato, M; Cazzola, M | 2,001 | Evidence suggests that allergic respiratory diseases such as hay fever and bronchial asthma have become more common world-wide in the last two decades, and the reasons for this increase are still largely unknown. A major responsible factor could be outdoor air pollution, derived from cars and other vehicles. Studies ha... | 0 |
17,086 | Effects of ozone on evaporative water loss and thermoregulatory behavior of marine toads (Bufo marinus) | Dohm, MR; Mautz, WJ; Looby, PG; Gellert, KS; Andrade, JA | 2,001 | National Institutes of Health. #Ozone (O(3)) is a strong pulmonary irritant and causes a suite of respiratory tract inflammatory responses in humans and other mammals. In addition to lung injury, rodents exposed to O(3) exhibit a pronounced decrease in core body temperature at rest, which may offer a protective effect ... | 1 |
16,666 | Indoor chemistry: ozone and volatile organic compounds found in tobacco smoke | Shaughnessy, RJ; Mcdaniels, TJ; Weschler, CJ | 2,001 | #The deliberate generation of ozone in indoor settings has been promoted as a method to reduce the concentration of indoor pollutants. The present study examines the effect of ozone on a subset of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in tobacco smoke. The decays of these compounds were measured in a static room-size... | 0 |
131,719 | Measurements of ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbons at Chichi-jima island, a remote island in the western Pacific: Long-range transport of polluted air from the Pacific rim region | Kato, S; Pochanart, P; Kajii, Y | 2,001 | Chichi-jima island is located in the Pacific about 1000 km from the Japanese main island and is an ideal remote observatory from which to assess the long-range transport of polluted air from East Asia. The ozone concentration was measured from August 1997 to August 1998. Owing to the air mass change, the seasonal varia... | 0 |
16,699 | Effects of ambient air pollution on daily mortality in a cohort of patients with congestive heart failure | Kwon, HJ; Cho, SH; Nyberg, F; Pershagen, G | 2,001 | Korea Science and Engineering Foundation; Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare; Karolinska Institute (Finland). #This study was planned to test the hypothesis that patients with congestive heart failure are more susceptible to the harmful effects of ambient air pollution than the general population. We used both genera... | 0 |
16,708 | Role of intrinsic airway neurons in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in ferret trachea | Wu, ZX; Maize, DF, Jr; Satterfield, BE; , | 2,001 | Exposure to ozone (O-3) enhances airway responsiveness, which is mediated partly by the release of substance P (SP) from airway neurons. In this study, the role of intrinsic airway neurons in O-3-induced airway responses was examined. Ferrets were exposed to 2 ppm O-3 or air for 1 h. Reactivity of isolated tracheal smo... | 0 |
16,663 | Trends in exceedances of the ozone air quality standard in the continental United States, 1980-1998 | Lin, CYC; Jacob, DJ; Fiore, AM | 2,001 | In 1997, the United States National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone was revised from a 1-h average of 0.12 parts per million (ppm) to an 8-h average of 0.08 ppm. Analysis of ozone data for the ensemble of the contiguous United States and for the period 1980--1998 shows that the average number of summer d... | 0 |
92,064 | Historical overfishing and recent collapse of coastal ecosystems | Jackson, JBC; Kirby, MX; Berger, WH; Bjorndal, KA; Botsford, LW; Bourque, BJ; Bradbury, RH; Cooke, R; Erlandson, J; Estes, JA; Huges, TP; Kidwell, S; Lange, CB; Lenihan, HS; Pandolfi, JM; Peterson, CH; Steneck | 2,001 | Ecological extinction caused by overfishing precedes all other pervasive human disturbance to coastal ecosystems, including pollution, degradation of water quality, and anthropogenic climate change. Historical abundances of large consumer species were fantastically large in comparison with recent observations. Paleoeco... | 0 |
50,165 | Impact of interacting greenhouse gases on forest ecosystems | Karnosky, DF; Oksanen, E; Dickson, RE; Isebrands, JG | 2,001 | null | 0 |
41,779 | Effects of long-term open-field ozone exposure on leaf phenolics of European silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) | Saleem, A; Loponen, J; Pihlaja, K; Oksanen, E | 2,001 | The response of phenolic compounds as a result of long-term low open-field ozone exposure was studied in ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant clones of European silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). The saplings were exposed to 1.5-1.6 times the ambient (elevated) ozone and ambient air (as control) over three growing seaso... | 0 |
47,070 | Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on diesel soot particles | Arens, F; Gutzwiller, L; Baltensperger, U; Gaggeler, HW; Ammann, M | 2,001 | Soot particles were collected from a diesel engine using a procedure that realistically mimics exhaust gas conditions in tailpipes and during dilution at room temperature. After being sampled, the particles were exposed to NO2 concentrations and relative humidity in ranges relevant for the troposphere using 13N as trac... | 0 |
47,310 | Mechanism of HOx formation in the gas-phase ozone-alkene reaction 2 Prompt versus thermal dissociation of carbonyl oxides to form OH | Kroll, JA; Sahay, SR; Anderson, JG; Demerjian, KL; Donahue, NM | 2,001 | In a companion paper (Kroll, J. H.; Clarke, J. S.; Donahue, N. M.; Anderson, J. G.; Demerjian, K. L. J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 1554) we present direct measurements of hydroxyl radical (OH) yields for the gas-phase reaction of ozone with a number of symmetric alkenes. Yields are strongly pressure-dependent, contrary t... | 0 |
56,558 | Are peak flow and symptom measures good predictors of asthma hospitalizations and unscheduled visits? | Mortimer, KM; Redline, S; Kattan, M; Wright, EC; Kercsmar, CM | 2,001 | Epidemiologic studies of pediatric respiratory health often include objective measures such as peak expiratory flow (PEF), and subjective measures such as symptom reports. These measures, however, are poorly correlated with each other, and there is little evidence that PEF is useful in predicting important health outco... | 0 |
21,133 | Comparison between indoor and outdoor air contaminant levels in residential buildings from passive sampler study | Chao, CY | 2,001 | The relationships between indoor and outdoor levels of various air contaminants (NO, NO2, SO2 and O3) in 10 non-smoking residential buildings were discussed in this paper. Levels of these four air contaminants from 10 domestic units in Hong Kong were obtained using passive samplers. An integral approach was applied to ... | 0 |
17,438 | Quantitative trait analysis of nickel-induced acute lung injury in mice | Prows, DR; Leikauf, GD | 2,001 | The genetic determinants underlying susceptibility to acute lung injury have not been identified. Recently, we found that the strain distribution pattern for mean survival time (MST) to three irritants-ozone, ultrafine Teflon, and nickel sulfate- was shared between inbred mouse strains. For ozone-induced acute lung inj... | 0 |
17,202 | Mechanisms of pain and their therapeutic implications | Muir WW III; Woolf, CJ | 2,001 | null | 0 |
17,087 | Uncertainty and climate change assessments | Reilly, J; Stone, PH; Forest, CE; Webster, MD; Jacoby, HD; Prinn, HG | 2,001 | null | 0 |
17,090 | Interpretation of high projections for globel-mean warming | Wigley, TML; Raper, SCB | 2,001 | U.K. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions; HGF Strategiefonds Projekt 2000/13; Electric Power Research Insititute; National Center for Atmosphereic Research. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has recently released its Third Assessment Report (TAR), in which new projections are giv... | 0 |
17,174 | Sensory nerves promote ozone-induced lung inflammation in mice | Graham, RM; Friedman, M; Hoyle, GW | 2,001 | National Institutes of Health; Tulane/Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research. #Genetically manipulated mice exhibiting altered innervation of the airways were used to examine the role of sensory nerves in ozone-induced lung inflammation. Transgenic mice expressing nerve growth factor (NGF) from the lung-specific C... | 0 |
6,377 | Ozone flares with fireworks festivities | Gorman, J | 2,001 | (Excerpted from the article.) Besides decorating the night skies, fireworks pollute them with ozone. Researchers at Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi found that the UV radiation emitted by the burning metal salts in fireworks and sparklers triggered ozone-generated reactions in the lower atmosphere. | 0 |
57,589 | Solar UVR exposures of indoor workers in a working and a holiday period assessed by personal dosimeters and sun exposure diaries | Thieden, E; Agren, MS; Wulf, HC | 2,001 | null | 0 |
17,182 | A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for methyl tert-butyl ether in humans: Implementing sensitivity and variability analyses | Licata, AC; Dekant, W; Smith, CE; Borghoff, SJ | 2,001 | Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is added to gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide and ozone precursors from automobile emissions. The objectives of this study were to verify the ability of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict MTBE blood levels in humans and to investigate the effect of variabilit... | 0 |
46,857 | Heterogeneous reactions of NO2 and HNO3 on oxides and mineral dust: a combined laboratory and modeling study | Underwood, GM; Song, CH; Phadnis, M; Carmichael, GR; Grassian, VH | 2,001 | This study combines laboratory measurements and modeling analysis to quantify the role of heterogeneous reactions of gaseous nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid on mineral oxide and mineral dust particles in tropospheric ozone formation. At least two types of heterogeneous reactions occur on the surface of these particles... | 0 |
57,692 | A photobiological history of Earth | Cockell, CS | 2,001 | null | 0 |
16,624 | Relation between ambient air pollution and low birth weight in the northeastern United States | Maisonet, M; Bush, TJ; Correa, A; Jaakkola, JJK | 2,001 | We evaluated the relation between term low birth weight (LBW) and ambient air levels of carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter up to 10 Am in diameter (PM10), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The study population consisted of singleton, term live births (37-44 weeks of gestation) born between 1 January 1994 and 31 December ... | 0 |
19,844 | The 1996 Paso del Norte ozone study: analysis of meteorological and air quality data that influence local ozone concentrations | MacDonald, CP; Roberts, PT; Main, HH; Dye, TS; Coe, DL; Yarbrough, J | 2,001 | The 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study and subsequent data analyses were implemented to develop an understanding of the chemical and physical processes which lead to high concentrations of ozone in the Paso del Norte study area which includes El Paso County, Texas, Sunland Park, New Mexico, and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. ... | 0 |
73,502 | Dirty air stunts lung growth | Potera, C | 2,001 | null | 0 |
106,015 | Validation of a hybrid forecasting system for the ozone concentrations over the Paris area | Vautard, R; Beekmann, M; Roux, J; Gombert, D | 2,001 | null | 0 |
195,346 | Biodegradation of polyether polyurethane inner insulation in bipolar pacemaker leads | Wiggins, MJ; Wilkoff, B; Anderson, JM; Hiltner, A | 2,001 | Several bipolar coaxial pacemaker leads, composed of an outer silicone rubber insulation and an inner polyether polyurethane (PEU) insulation, which were explanted due to clinical evidence of electrical dysfunction, were analyzed in this study. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to... | 0 |
57,137 | Long-term variations of UV-B irradiance over Canada estimated from Brewer observations and derived from ozone and pyranometer measurements | Fioletov, VE; Mcarthur, LJB; Kerr, JB; Wardle, DI | 2,001 | Routine uniform spectral UV-B measurements with Brewer spectrophotometers in the Canadian network began in 1989. This relatively short duration of UV measurements militates against reliable detection of long-term changes in UV. A statistical model has been developed to extend the record of UV back to the early 1960s. I... | 0 |
16,665 | Longitudinal distribution of ozone and chlorine in the human respiratory tract: Simulation of nasal and oral breathing with the single-path diffusion model | Bush, ML; Zhang, W; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS | 2,001 | National Institutes of Health. In the single-path model of the respiratory system, gas transport occurs within a conduit of progressively increasing cross-sectional and surface areas by a combination of flow, longitudinal dispersion, and lateral absorption. The purpose of this study was to use bolus inhalation data pre... | 1 |
47,068 | Spectroscopic study of nitric acid and water adsorption on oxide particles: enhanced nitric acid uptake kinetics in the presence of adsorbed water | Goodman, AL; Bernard, ET; Grassian, VH | 2,001 | In this study, the heterogeneous reactivity of nitric acid on oxide particles of some of the most abundant crustal elements is investigated at 296 K. The oxide particles are used as models for mineral dust aerosol found in the atmosphere. Transmission FT-IR spectroscopy is used to probe changes in the spectrum of the o... | 0 |
31,621 | Determination of ozone removal rates by selected building products using the FLEC emission cell | Kleno, JG; Clausen, PA; Weschler, CJ; Wolkoff, P | 2,001 | Ozone removal by 16 aged (older than 1-120 months) but unused building products or materials was studied in a test system that included the field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC). The ozone removal was studied at 50 ? 1 ppb ozone, a relative humidity of 50 ? 5%, a temperature of 21 ? 2 C, and an air flow rate of 900... | 0 |
20,615 | Effect of ozone on neutrophil function in vitro | Margalit, M; Attias, E; Attias, D; Elstein, D; Zimran, A; Matzner, Y | 2,001 | The application of ozone is widely practised as a form of alternative medicine, particularly in Germany and Eastern Europe. Ozone major autohemotherapy (the return of a small amount of a patient's blood to the circulation after ex vivo exposure to ozone) has been reported to have a therapeutic effect in various patholo... | 0 |
15,957 | Air pollution and blood markers of cardiovascular risk | Schwartz, J | 2,001 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #Recent studies have linked air pollution to tens of thousands of premature cardiovascular deaths per year. The mechanisms of such associations remain unclear. In this study we examine the association between blood markers of cardiovascular risk and air pollution in ... | 0 |
42,632 | Yield responses of plants exposed to ambient ozone in the river Po valley (Italy) | Fumagalli, I; Ambrogi, R; Mignanego, L | 2,001 | Experiments with plants grown in filtered and unfiltered open-top chambers have been conducted for a decade at two sites in the Po Valley (Northern Italy). Substantial yield losses were often recorded, showing a varying sensitivity between plants (forage, horticultural and semi-natural plants). The response to ambient ... | 0 |
16,627 | Assessing the health benefits of urban air pollution reductions associated with climate change mitigation (2000-2020): Santiago, Sao Paulo, Mexico City, and New York City | Cifuentes, L; Borja-Aburto, VH; Gouveia, N; Thurston, G; Davis, DL | 2,001 | To investigate the potential local health benefits of adopting greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation policies, we develop scenarios of GHG mitigation for MUxico City, MUxico; Santiago, Chile; SOo Paulo, Brazil; and New York, New York, USA using air pollution health impact factors appropriate to each city. We estimate that th... | 0 |
47,602 | Large-scale air mass characteristics observed over the remote tropical Pacific Ocean during March-April 1999: results from PEM-Tropics B field experiment | Browell, EV; Fenn, MA; Butler, CF; Grant, WB; Ismail, S; Ferrare, RA; Kooi, SA; Brackett, VG; Clayton, MB; Avery, MA; Barrick, JDW; Fuelberg, HE; Maloney, JC; Newell, RE; Zhu, Y; Mahoney, MJ; Anderson, BE; Blake, DR; Brune, WH; Heikes, BG; Sachse, GW; Singh, HB; Talbot, RW | 2,001 | Eighteen long-range flights over the Pacific Ocean between 38 degrees S to 20 degrees N and 166 degrees E to 90 degrees W were made by the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the NASA Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM) Tropics B conducted from March 6 to April 18, 1999. Two lidar systems were flown on the DC-8 to remotely measure... | 0 |
16,628 | Air pollution and child mortality: a time-series study in Sao Paulo, Brazil | Conceicao, GMS; Miraglia, SGEK; Kishi, HS; Saldiva, PHN; Singer, JM | 2,001 | Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo; Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Technologico; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos/Programa de Apoio a Nucleos de Excelencia; Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica do hospital das Clinicas de Faculdade de Medincia da Universidade de Sao Palo. #Although ... | 0 |
16,654 | Ozone exposure and the production of reactive oxygen species by bronchoalveolar cells in humans | Voter, KZ; Whitin, JC; Torres, A; Morrow, PE; Cox, C; Tsai, Y; Utell, MJ; Frampton, MW | 2,001 | National Institutes of Health; Health Effects Institute. Exposure to ozone injures respiratory epithelium, and the mechanisms may involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study tested the hypothesis that ozone exposure increases the airway burden of ROS to a greater degree in smokers than nonsmoker... | 0 |
195,324 | Elastomeric ozone concentration detector | Mott, PH; Roland, CM | 2,001 | Micron-sized surface cracks develop in polybutadiene when stretched and exposed to ozone. The consequent reduction in the transparency of the rubber provides a method for quantifying the ambient ozone concentration. The rate at which opacity develops depends linearly on the amount of ozone, and increases with increasin... | 0 |
57,614 | Annual occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation in central Queensland | Vishvakarman, D; Wong, JCF; Boreham, BW | 2,001 | The purpose of this study was to determine annual occupational exposure to UV radiation by measurement and derive ambient exposure fractions for an entire year that could be applied in the human exposure model. Using polysulphone the daily occupational erythema effective solar ultraviolet radiation exposure at selected... | 0 |
48,200 | Constraints from 210Pb and 7Be on wet deposition and transport in a global three-dimensional chemical tracer model driven by assimilated meteorological fields | Liu, H; Jacob, DJ; Bey, I; Yantosca, RM | 2,001 | The atmospheric distributions of the aerosol tracers 210Pb and 7Be are simulated with a global three-dimensional model driven by assimilated meteorological observations for 1991-1996 from the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System GEOS1. The combination of terrigenic 210Pb and cosmogenic 7Be provides a sensitive test of w... | 0 |
52,303 | Model and measurement analysis of springtime transport and chemistry of the Pacific Basin | Hess, PG | 2,001 | Extensive chemical measurements from the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) Photochemistry Experiment 2c (MLOPEX 2c) (April 15 to May 15, 1992) field campaign are analyzed in relation to the photochemistry, transport, and physical losses in the Pacific basin utilizing an episodic chemical transport model christened HANK. The... | 0 |
17,033 | Particulate matter and daily mortality and hospital admissions in the West Midlands conurbation of the United Kingdom: associations with fine and coarse particles, black smoke and sulphate | Anderson, HR; Bremner, SA; Atkinson, RW; Harrison, RM; Walters, S | 2,001 | United Kingdom Department of Health. OBJECTIVES: There is considerable evidence linking ambient particles measured as particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 &mgr;m (PM(10)) to daily mortality and hospital admissions but it is not clear which physical or chemical components of the particle mixture are responsi... | 0 |
92,070 | Comparison of nitrate tolerance between different populations of the common frog, Rana temporaria | Johansson, M; Rasanen, K; Merila, J | 2,001 | Euthrophication-associated changes in the physical and biological environment of lakes and ponds are potentially a source of major stress for many aquatic organisms. In Scandinavia, the nitrate concentrations in lakes and ponds decrease towards north due to a naturally lower productivity of the habitats, but also due t... | 0 |
46,907 | Gas-particle partitioning of nitric acid modulated by alkaline aerosol | Song, CH; Carmichael, GR | 2,001 | The role of alkaline mineral aerosol in controlling HNO3 partitioning between gas and aerosol phases is explored using a comprehensive, process oriented three-dimensional model. Simulation results for March 1994, a period from the PEM West B experiment, are presented. It is found that in the dust impacted regions of th... | 0 |
25,270 | Personal exposures to NO2 in the EXPOLIS-study: Relation to residential indoor, outdoor and workplace concentrations in Basel, Helsinki and Prague | Kousa, A; Monn, C; Rotko, T; Alm, S; Oblesby, L; Jantunen, MJ | 2,001 | European Union (EU); ERB (Prague); Academy of Finland; Swiss Ministry for Education and Science; KTL, the National Public Health Institute of Finland. #Personal exposures, residential indoor, outdoor and workplace levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were measured for 262 urban adult (25-55 years) participants in three EXP... | 0 |
52,440 | Ground-based determination of the spectral ultraviolet extraterrestrial solar irradiance: providing a link between space-based and ground-based solar UV measurements | Grobner, J; Kerr, JB | 2,001 | The extraterrestrial solar spectrum between 295 and 355 nm has been determined from direct irradiance measurements made with a Brewer double spectrophotometer, using the Langley method. The measurements in this study consist of 449 half days of data collected during 1998 at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. The +/- 2.3% a... | 0 |
16,183 | Expression of the "beta"6 integrin subunit is associated with sites of neutrophil influx in lung epithelium | Miller, LA; Barnett, NL; Sheppard, D; Hyde, DM | 2,001 | Inhalation of ozone by Rhesus monkeys results in epithelial injury and granulocyte influx in both conducting airways and respiratory bronchioles. We have reported that ozone-induced neutrophil recruitment and subsequent epithelial repair can be inhibited in vivo with a CD18 antibody. The antibody-mediated effect is abr... | 0 |
16,706 | The role of symptomatic colds in asthma exacerbations: influence of outdoor allergens and air pollutants | Tarlo, SM; Broder, I; Corey, P; Chan-Yeung, M; Ferguson, A; Becker, A; Rogers, C; Okada, M; Manfreda, J | 2,001 | BACKGROUND: Both air pollutants and respiratory viral infections have been recognized to be important triggers of asthma exacerbations, but the possible interaction of these has not been assessed in an epidemiologic study. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to assess the possible associations of symptomatic colds with ... | 0 |
16,161 | Behavior of osteoblasts on a type I atelocollagen grafted ozone oxidized poly L-lactic acid membrane | Suh, H; Hwang, YS; Lee, JE; Han, CD; Park, JC | 2,001 | #With oxidizing poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) surface by ozone, peroxide groups are easily generated on the surface. Those peroxides are broken down by redox-coupling reaction, and provide active species that initiate grafting by reaction with the collagen molecules. The surface density of generated peroxide on a PLLA surf... | 0 |
34,744 | FEV1 is associated with risk of asthma attacks in a pediatric population | Fuhlbrigge, A; Kitch, B; Paltiel, AD; Kuntz, KM; Neumann, PJ; Dockery, DW; Weiss, ST | 2,001 | Background: FEV1 is endorsed by the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program as a means for grading asthma severity. However, few data exist on the relationship between FEV1 and asthma outcomes during long-term follow-up. Objective: We explored the relationship between the percent predicted FEV1 (FEV1%) and sub... | 0 |
25,515 | Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease | Duffy, SJ; Keaney, JF, Jr; Holbrook, M; Gokce, N; Swerdloff, PL; Frei, B; Vita, JA | 2,001 | Background - Epidemiological studies suggest that tea consumption decreases cardiovascular risk, but the mechanisms of benefit remain undefined. Endothelial dysfunction has been associated with coronary artery disease and increased oxidative stress. Some antioxidants have been shown to reverse endothelial dysfunction, ... | 0 |
132,450 | Long-term changes of ozone and traffic in Bilbao | Ibarra-Berastegi, G; Madariaga, I; Elias, A; Agirre, E; Uria, J | 2,001 | It is well known that ozone levels are the result of the
interaction among emissions of VOC's and NO.,, on the one hand, and meteorological effects on
the other hand. In this work, using the low-pass KZ filter developed by Kolmogorov and Zurbenko,
the original time series consisting of the logarithm of daily maxi... | 0 |
16,700 | Nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air after experimental ozone exposure in humans | Olin, AC; Stenfors, N; Toren, K; Blomberg, A; Helleday, R; Ledin, MC; Ljungkvist, G; Ekman, A; Sandstrom, T | 2,001 | We hypothesized that ozone, a common air pollutant, potent in producing airway inflammation, would increase the production of exhaled nitric oxide (NO). If so, measurement of exhaled NO could potentially be a valuable tool in population studies of air pollution effects. Eleven healthy non-smoking volunteers were expose... | 0 |
16,546 | Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction | Peters, A; Dockery, DW; Muller, JE; Mittleman, MA | 2,001 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; American Heart Association; National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute; Health Effects Institute. #Background-Elevated concentrations of ambient particulate air pollution have been associated with increased hospital admissions for... | 1 |
19,543 | Exercise and outdoor ambient air pollution | Carlisle, AJ; Sharp, NCC | 2,001 | OBJECTIVES: To establish by literature survey: (a) levels at which air pollutants are considered damaging to human health and to exercisers in particular; (b) the current ambient levels experienced in the United Kingdom; (c) whether athletes are especially at risk. METHODS: Six major urban air pollutants were exami... | 0 |
80,121 | Effect of chronic ozone fumigation on the photosynthetic process of poplar clones showing different sensitivity | Guidi, L; Nali, C; Lorenzini, G; Filippi, F; Soladatini, GE | 2,001 | Rooted cuttings from two poplar clones (PopulusIeuramericana, I-214, and Populus deltoidesImaximowiczii, Eridano) were exposed for 15 days to diurnal square-wave treatment with ozone (60 nL L-1 for 5 h day-1). Completely fully expanded leaves exposed to ozone showed a reduction in net CO2 assimilation rate as compared ... | 0 |
17,098 | Acute exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and heart rate variability | Pope CA III; Eatough, DJ; Gold, DR; Pang, Y; Nielsen, KR; Nath, P; Verrier, RL; Kanner, RE | 2,001 | #Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been associated with cardiovascular mortality. Pathophysiologic pathways leading from ETS exposure to cardiopulmonary disease are still being explored. Reduced cardiac autonomic function, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), has been associated with cardiac vulnerability a... | 0 |
52,501 | Comparison of an open path differential optical absorption spectroscopy system and a conventional in situ monitoring system on the basis of long-term measurements of SO2, NO2, and O3 | Kim, KH; Kim, MY | 2,001 | A field-based intercomparison study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a line-integrating monitoring technique (a commercial differential optical absorption spectroscopy, DOAS, system by Opsis AB, Sweden) in concert with a conventional in situ monitoring technique (MACSAM-2 (or MS2) system, Japan). In the cou... | 0 |
30,635 | Pollution and allergic airways disease | Salvi, S | 2,001 | #The incidence of allergic diseases has increased dramatically over recent years in most industrialized countries of the world. Air pollution from motor vehicles has been implicated as one of the factors that are responsible for this increase. Epidemiological studies carried out in different geographical regions in the... | 0 |
73,513 | Acute asthma exacerbations and air pollutants in children living in Belfast, Northern Ireland | Thompson, AJ; Shields, MD; Patterson, CC | 2,001 | The incidence of childhood asthma, a common condition, is on the rise worldwide. Despite reductions in the emission of urban smoke, traffic pollution is now a major worldwide problem. Belfast, Northern Ireland, is an old industrial city with major pollution problems. In this study, the authors investigated the rates of... | 0 |
73,842 | Metanalisi Italiana degli studi sugli effetti a breve termine dell'inquinamento atmosferico (Meta-analysis of the Italian studies on short-term effects of air pollution) | Biggieri, A; Bellini, P; Terracini B eds | 2,001 | null | 0 |
19,845 | Dietary antioxidants and ozone-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adults with asthma | Trenga, CA; Koenig, JQ; Williams, PV | 2,001 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (UW Center grant P30 ES07033); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Roche Vitamins; U.Washington Royalty Fund; National Institutes of Health (CNRU DK35816). #Ozone exposure aggravates asthma, as has been demonstrated in both controlled exposures and ep... | 1 |
17,084 | Respiratory tract toxicity in rats exposed to Mexico City air | Moss, OR; Gross, EA; James, RA; Janszen, DB; Ross, PW; Roberts, KC; Howard, AM; Harkema, JR; Calderon-Garciduenas, L; Morgan, KT | 2,001 | Health Effects Institute; Chemical Industry Institute of Technology. BACKGROUND: Residents of southwestern Mexico City are exposed to a mixture of air pollutants (ozone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other hydrocarbons) not found in other areas of the city. Pathol... | 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.