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191,327
The effect of winter stress on Ilex aquifolium L. previously fumigated with ozone
Ranford, J; Reiling, K
2,007
European Holly (Ilex aquifolium) received either charcoal-filtered air (CFA) or CFA with 70 nl l(-1) ozone added for 7 h day(-1) over a 28 day period. Plants were then transferred into cooling incubators for hardening (4 degrees C day/2 degrees C night; day length 12 h) for 7 days and then to the frosting stage (2 degr...
0
92,844
Effects of air pollution on asthma hospitalization rates in different age groups in Hong Kong
Ko, FWS; Tam, W; Wong, TW; Lai, CKW; Wong, GWK; Leung, TF; Ng, SSS; Hui, DSC
2,007
AIMS: To assess the relationship between levels of ambient air pollutants and hospitalization rates for asthma in Hong Kong (HK). METHODS: This is a retrospective ecological study. Data of daily emergency hospital admissions to 15 major hospitals in HK for asthma and indices of air pollutants [sulphur dioxide (SO(2)), ...
1
191,505
Lipid acyl-hydrolase in leaves of different kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars: Purification and characterization of a kidney bean lipid acyl-hydrolase, and foliar lipid changes in the cultivars with ozone exposure
Sakaki, T; Kato, T; Saji, H
2,007
Levels of acyl-hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.26) activity toward monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) varied greatly not only in leaves of 12 plant species but also in those of 11 cultivars of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The activity was detected in soluble and particulate fractions from kidney bean leaves, and the speci...
0
191,244
Belowground competition and the response of developing forest communities to atmospheric CO2 and O-3
Zak, DR; Holmes, WE; Pregitzer, KS; King, JS; Ellsworth, DS; Kubiske, ME
2,007
As human activity continues to increase CO2 and O-3, broad expanses of north temperate forests will be simultaneously exposed to elevated concentrations of these trace gases. Although both CO2 and O-3 are potent modifiers of plant growth, we do not understand the extent to which they alter competition for limiting soil...
0
90,207
Review of the national ambient air quality standards for ozone: Policy assessment of scientific and technical information: OAQPS staff paper
null
2,007
null
1
651,820
Differential regulation of hyaluronan metabolism in the epidermal and dermal compartments of human skin by UVB irradiation
Averbeck, M; Gebhardt, CA; Voigt, S; Beilharz, S; Anderegg, U; Termeer, CC; Sleeman, JP; Simon, JC
2,007
Hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the cutaneous extracellular-matrix, is involved in tissue repair. Human skin is exposed to and damaged by UVB-irradiation. Here, we investigate the regulation of HA metabolism in human skin during acute UVB-induced inflammation. Expression of HA synthesizing (HAS) and degrading enz...
0
596,382
Cutaneous MMPs are differently modulated by environmental stressors in old and young mice
Fortino, V; Maioli, E; Torricelli, C; Davis, P; Valacchi, G
2,007
Skin is frequently exposed to pro-oxidative insults such as UV light, ozone (O(3)) and cigarette smoke (CS), which are able to deplete antioxidants and induce oxidation products affecting skin pathophysiology. Skin turnover and regeneration are largely dependent on extracellular matrix metabolism, which is under the co...
1
191,371
Elevated carbon dioxide and ozone effects on peanut: II. Seed yield and quality
Burkey, KO; Booker, FL; Pursley, WA; Heagle, AS
2,007
Many adverse effects of tropospheric 0 3 on C 3 crop plants are ameliorated by elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 but the extent of the interaction can vary, depending on the species, gas concentrations, and other experimental conditions. A 2-yr open-top field chamber experiment was conducted to examine this in...
1
779,810
Air leakage of U.S. homes: Model prediction
Sherman, M; McWilliams, J
2,007
Air tightness is an important property of building envelopes. It is a key factor in determining infiltration and related wall-performance properties such as indoor air quality, maintainability and moisture balance. Air leakage in U.S. houses consumes roughly 1/3 of the HVAC energy but provides most of the ventilation u...
1
670,381
Nighttime transpiration in woody plants from contrasting ecosystems
Dawson, TE; Burgess, SS; Tu, KP; Oliveira, RS; Santiago, LS; Fisher, JB; Simonin, KA; Ambrose, AR
2,007
It is commonly assumed that transpiration does not occur at night because leaf stomata are closed in the dark. We tested this assumption across a diversity of ecosystems and woody plant species by various methods to explore the circumstances when this assumption is false. Our primary goals were: (1) to evaluate the nat...
1
191,350
Effects of elevated ozone on chlorophyll a fluorescence in symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves of two tomato genotypes
Degl'Innocenti, E; Guidi, L; Soldatini, GF
2,007
Two different genotypes of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (cv. Cuor di Bue, O-3-sensitive and line 93.1033/1, O-3-resistant) were treated with a single dose of ozone (150 mm(3) m(-3) for 3 h). The PS 2 activity was examined by measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence on symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves. Symptoms we...
1
194,640
Comparison of different stomatal conductance algorithms for ozone flux modelling
Buker, P; Emberson, LD; Ashmore, MR; Cambridge, HM; Jacobs, C; Massman, WJ; Muller, J; Nikolov, N; Novak, K; Oksanen, SE; Schaub, M; de la Torre, D
2,007
A multiplicative and a semi-mechanistic, BWB-type [Ball, J.T., Woodrow, I.E., Berry, J.A., 1987. A model predicting stomatal conductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under different environmental conditions. In: Biggens, J. (Ed.), Progress in Photosynthesis Research, vol. IV. Martinus Nijhoff, ...
0
191,606
Physiological and biochemical responses to acute ozone-induced oxidative stress in Medicago truncatula
Puckette, MC; Weng, H; Mahalingam, R
2,007
Oxidative signaling mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a central component of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Acute ozone (O-3) fumigation is a useful non-invasive treatment for eliciting endogenous ROS in planta. In this study, 38 different accessions of the model legume, Medicago truncatula, from var...
0
190,287
The short-term influence of weather on daily mortality in congestive heart failure
Kolb, S; Radon, K; Valois, MF; Heguy, L; Goldberg, MS
2,007
The authors' purpose in this study was to determine whether changes in weather conditions were associated with daily mortality among people aged 65 years and older diagnosed as having congestive heart failure in Montreal, Canada, and who died in the urban area between 1984 and 1993. The authors used a time-stratified c...
0
122,445
Daily variation in the properties of urban ultrafine aerosol-Part I: Physical characterization and volatility
Moore, KF; Ning, Z; Ntziachristos, L; Schauer, JJ; Sioutas, C
2,007
A summer air quality monitoring campaign focusing on the evolution of ultrafine (<180nm in diameter) particle concentrations was conducted at an urban site in Los Angeles during June-July 2006. Previous observations suggest that ultrafine aerosol at this site are generally representative of the Los Angeles urban enviro...
0
199,826
Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on leaf litter phenolics and subsequent performance of litter-feeding soil macrofauna
Kasurinen, A; Peltonen, PA; Julkunen-Tiitto, R; Vapaavuori, E; Nuutinen, V; Holopainen, T; Holopainen, JK
2,007
Two field-growing silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones (clone 4 and 80) were exposed to elevated CO2 and O3 for three growing seasons (1999?2001). The phenolic compounds of naturally abscised leaf litter were analyzed in order to determine the possible CO2- and O3-induced changes in the litter quality. The potenti...
1
196,916
Perspectives regarding 50 years of research on effects of tropospheric ozone air pollution on US forests
Karnosky, DF; Skelly, JM; Percy, KE; Chappelka, AH
2,007
Tropospheric ozone (O-3) was first determined to be phytotoxic to grapes in southern California in the 1950s. Investigations followed that showed O-3 to be the cause of foliar symptoms on tobacco and eastern white pine. In the 1960s, "X" disease of ponderosa pines within the San Bernardino Mountains was likewise determ...
0
199,294
Shoot growth of mature Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in relation to ozone
Braun, S; Schindler, C; Rihm, B; Fluckiger, W
2,007
Epidemiological analysis of sequential growth data may be a tool in assessing ozone sensitivity of mature trees. Annual shoot growth of mature Fagus sylvatica in 83 Swiss permanent forest observation plots and of Picea abies in 61 plots was evaluated for 11 and 8 consecutive years, respectively, using branches harveste...
0
90,429
Association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants during pregnancy and fetal growth restriction
Liu, S; Krewski, D; Shi, Y; Chen, Y; Burnett, R
2,007
Previous research demonstrated consistent associations between ambient air pollution and emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and mortality. Effect of air pollution on perinatal outcomes has recently drawn more attention. We examined the association between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) among singleton ter...
1
96,146
Ambient air pollution and preterm birth in the environment and pregnancy outcomes study at the University of California, Los Angeles
Ritz, B; Wilhelm, M; Hoggatt, KJ; Ghosh, JK
2,007
The authors conducted a case-control survey nested within a birth cohort and collected detailed risk factor information to assess the extent to which residual confounding and exposure misclassification may impact air pollution effect estimates. Using a survey of 2,543 of 6,374 women sampled from a cohort of 58,316 elig...
1
191,708
Use of ethylenediurea (EDU) to ameliorate ozone effects on purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)
Szantoi, Z; Chappelka, AH; Muntifering, RB; Somers, GL
2,007
Purple coneflower plants (Echinacea purpurea) were placed into open-top chambers (OTCs) for 6 and 12 weeks in 2003 and 2004, respectively, and exposed to charcoal-filtered air (CF) or twice-ambient (2x) ozone (03) in 2003, and to CF, 2x or non-filtered (NF), ambient air in 2004. Plants were treated with ethylenediurea ...
0
199,365
Photosynthetic responses to elevated CO2 and O-3 in Quercus ilex leaves at a natural CO2 spring
Paoletti, E; Seufert, G; Della Rocca, G; Thomsen, H
2,007
Photosynthetic stimulation and stomatal conductance (Gs) depression in Quercus ilex leaves at a CO2 spring suggested no down-regulation. The insensitivity of Gs to a CO2 increase (from ambient 1500 to 2000 mu mol mol(-1)) suggested stomatal acclimation. Both responses are likely adaptations to the special environment O...
1
199,336
Analysis of the variability of photosynthesis parameters in tree seedlings under ozone and water stress conditions
Cascio, C; Strasser, R
2,007
The analysis of the variability of the photosynthesis properties and responses (within and among individuals), is important in assessing the impact of stress factors in plant population and communities, as well as in supporting remote sensing techniques in stress assessment. Photosynthesis parameters, namely the Perfor...
0
149,017
Indoor air quality: Lemon-fresh ozone
Burton, A
2,007
null
0
622,733
Ozone air quality and radiative forcing consequences of changes in ozone precursor emissions
West, JJ; Fiore, AM; Naik, V; Horowitz, LW; Schwarzkopf, MD; Mauzerall, DL
2,007
Changes in emissions of ozone (O3) precursors affect both air quality and climate. We first examine the sensitivity of surface O3 concentrations (O3srf) and net radiative forcing of climate (RFnet) to reductions in emissions of four precursors ? nitrogen oxides (NOx), non?methane volatile organic compounds, carbon mono...
1
191,585
Ozone phytotoxicity and plant defense responses
Patil, VU
2,007
Global atmospheric concentrations have risen about 36% since the preindustrial times. Rapid industrialization and human activities have contributed significant amounts of this toxic gas pollutant to the tropospheric environment that pose significant threat for the survival and productivity of native and cultivated ecos...
0
196,565
Atmospheric particulate matter and ozone under heat-wave conditions: do they cause an increase of mortality in Croatia?
Alebic-Juretic, A; Cvitas, T; Kezele, N; Klasinc, L; Pehnec, G; Sorgo, G
2,007
In August 2003 Croatia experienced a heat-wave period during which elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) and ozone in ambient air were measured. By applying the model of Stedman and Rooney et al., it was shown that a significant part of excess mortality during this period can be attributed to PM10 and oz...
0
93,294
Indirect radiative forcing of climate change through ozone effects on the land-carbon sink
Sitch, S; Cox, PM; Collins, WJ; Huntingford, C
2,007
The evolution of the Earth's climate over the twenty-first century depends on the rate at which anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions are removed from the atmosphere by the ocean and land carbon cycles. Coupled climate-carbon cycle models suggest that global warming will act to limit the land-carbon sink, but these fi...
1
597,609
Ambient ozone primes pulmonary innate immunity in mice
Hollingsworth, JW; Maruoka, S; Li, Z; Potts, EN; Brass, DM; Garantziotis, S; Fong, A; Foster, WM; Schwartz, DA
2,007
Exposure to ozone in air pollution in urban environments is associated with increases in pulmonary-related hospitalizations and mortality. Because ozone also alters clearance of pulmonary bacterial pathogens, we hypothesized that inhalation of ozone modifies innate immunity in the lung. To address our hypothesis, we ex...
1
195,717
Three-dimensional simulations of reactive gas uptake in single airway bifurcations
Taylor, AB; Borhan, A; Ultman, JS
2,007
The pattern of lung injury induced by the inhalation of ozone (O3) depends on the dose delivered to different tissues in the airways. This study examined the distribution of O3 uptake in a single, symmetrically branched airway bifurcation. Reaction in the epithelial lining fluid was assumed to be so rapid that O3 conce...
1
595,096
Comparison of measurements of peroxyacyl nitrates and primary carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in Mexico City determined in 1997 and 2003
Marley, NA; Gaffney, JS; Ramos-Villegas, R; Cardenas Gonzalez, B
2,007
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations in ambient air can be a good indicator of air quality and the effectiveness of control strategies for reducing ozone levels in urban areas. As PAN is formed by the oxidation of reactive hydrocarbons in the presence of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), it is a direct measure of...
0
93,198
Short-term exposure to air pollution and inflammation-sensitive biomarkers
Steinvil, A; Kordova-Biezuner, L; Shapira, I; Berliner, S; Rogowski, O
2,007
#OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of short-term exposure to air pollutants on inflammation-sensitive biomarkers in apparently healthy individuals. METHODS: We enrolled all participants from The Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center inflammation survey held between 2003 and 2006, excluding participants with an acute or chr...
0
195,613
Effects of antioxidant enzyme polymorphisms on ozone-induced lung function changes
Chen, C; Arjomandi, M; Tager, IB; Holland, N; Balmes, JR
2,007
Chronic exposure to ozone (O-3) can cause changes in lung function that may reflect remodelling of small airways. It is likely that antioxidant enzyme function affects susceptibility to O-3. The aim of the present study was to determine whether polymorphisms in antioxidant enzyme (GSTM1, GSTP1 and NQO1) genes affect th...
0
195,342
Ozone cracking and flex cracking of crosslinked polymer blend compounds
Tse, MF
2,007
Ozone cracking and flex cracking of crosslinked elastomer blends of brominated isobutylene/para-methylstyrene copolymer (BIMSM) and unsaturated elastomers, such as polybutadiene rubber (BR) and natural rubber (NR), are studied. This saturated BIMSM elastomer, which is a terpolymer of isobutylene, para-bromomethylstyren...
0
107,431
The use of air quality forecasts to assess impacts of air pollution on crops: Methodology and case study
Tong, D; Mathur, R; Schere, K; Kang, D; Yu, S
2,007
It has been reported that ambient ozone (O3), either alone or in concurrence with acid rain precursors, accounts for up to 90% of US crop losses resulting from exposure to all major air pollutants. Crop damage due to O3 exposure is of particular concern as ambient O3 concentrations remain high in many major food-produc...
1
90,742
Asthma and air quality
Sarnat, JA; Holguin, F
2,007
#PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is evidence for an association between asthma and air pollutants, including ozone, NO2 and particulate matter. Since these pollutants are ubiquitous in the urban atmosphere and typically correlated with each other it has been difficult to ascertain the specific sources of air pollution respons...
0
449,034
Generation of sub-micron particles and secondary pollutants from building materials by ozone reaction
Aoki, T; Tanabe, S
2,007
This study reports results from two different experiments examining reactions between ozone and common building materials that can lead to the formation of secondary products and particulate-phase materials. Monitored species include sub-micron particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the first set of experi...
1
195,350
Rubber-bitumen sealing mastics
Zaglyadova, SV; Lyusova, LR; Glagolev, VA; Vlasenko, FS
2,007
Properties of mastics on the basis of polychloroprene and ethylene-propylene diene rubber SKEPT-40 designed for the sealing of edges of outer wall panels are considered. Quinol ether was used as a curing agent. The stability of vulcanizates in an ozone-air atmosphere is studied by the stress relaxation method, and it i...
0
694,682
Individual exposure to air pollution in urban areas: the example of Marseille
Grimaldi, F; Viala, A
2,007
We examined the exposure of an urban population to the following air pollutants, in the home and outdoors: nitrogen dioxide, benzene and its derivative BTXE, carbon monoxide, ozone, aldehydes and particulate matter (PM)(2,5). Measurements were made continuously during 48-hour periods in summer and in winter, in non-smo...
0
91,037
A chemical climatology of lower tropospheric trace gases and aerosols over the Mid-Atlantic region
Hains, JC
2,007
Ozone and aerosols affect air quality, visibility and human health. The University of Maryland research aircraft conducted flights over the Mid-Atlantic region between 1995 and 2005 to characterize pollution events. I developed a chemical climatology of trace gases and aerosols that can be used to validate and improve ...
0
191,370
Elevated carbon dioxide and ozone effects on peanut: I. Gas-exchange, biomass, and leaf chemistry
Booker, FL; Burkey, KO; Pursley, WA; Heagle, AS
2,007
The effects of elevated CO2 and ozone (O-3) on net photosynthetic rate (A) and growth are generally antagonistic although plant responses are highly dependent on crop sensitivity to the individual gases and their concentrations. In this experiment, we evaluated the effects of various CO2 and O-3 mixtures on leaf gas-ex...
1
624,858
The impact of building recirculation rates on secondary organic aerosols generated by indoor chemistry
Zuraimi, MS; Weschler, CJ; Tham, KW; Fadeyi, MO
2,007
Numerous investigators have documented increases in the concentrations of airborne particles as a consequence of ozone/terpene reactions in indoor environments. This study examines the effect of building recirculation rates on the concentrations of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) resulting from reactions between indoor...
0
655,518
Comparison of the immune suppressive effectiveness of UVB and long-wave UVA in humans
Renwick, Y; Phan, T; Halliday, G; Damian, D
2,007
Background: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced suppression of cutaneous immune responses enhances the development of skin cancers. We determined the immune suppressive effectiveness of various narrow bandwidths across the UVR spectrum in order to calculate the relative immunosuppressive contribution of UVB (290?320 nm...
0
596,420
Ozone enhancement of lower airway allergic inflammation is prevented by gamma-tocopherol
Wagner, JG; Jiang, Q; Harkema, JR; Illek, B; Patel, DD; Ames, BN; Peden, DB
2,007
Ozone is a commonly encountered environmental oxidant which has been linked to asthma exacerbation in epidemiological studies. Ozone induces airway inflammation and enhances response to inhaled allergen. It has been suggested that antioxidant therapy may minimize the adverse effects of ozone in asthma. We have previous...
1
92,980
Summary for policymakers
null
2,007
The Working Group I contribution to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report describes progress in understanding of the human and natural drivers of climate change,1 observed climate change, climate processes and attribution, and estimates of projected future climate change. It builds upon past IPCC assessments and incorporat...
1
180,174
Toward a biologically significant and usable standard for ozone that will also protect plants
Paoletti, E; Manning, WJ
2,007
Ozone remains an important phytotoxic air pollutant and is also recognized as a significant greenhouse gas. In North America, Europe, and Asia, incidence of high concentrations is decreasing, but background levels are steadily rising. There is a need to develop a biologically significant and usable standard for ozone. ...
1
93,043
Did a ban on diesel-fuel reduce emergency respiratory admissions for children?
El-Zein, A; Nuwayhid, I; El-Fadel, M; Mroueh, S
2,007
This paper assesses whether a ban on diesel-powered motor vehicles in Lebanon has reduced emergency respiratory admissions for children less than 17 years of age in Beirut. Monthly admissions for total respiratory complaints, asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and upper respiratory tract infections, from October to Februar...
0
199,414
Why should we calculate complex indices of ozone exposure? Results from Mediterranean background sites
Paoletti, E; De Marco, A; Racalbuto, S
2,007
While moving towards a flux-based approach, exposure-based ozone metrics are still a practical measure for summarising ambient air quality. Ozone hourly concentrations for the period 2000-2004 from sites in the Mediterranean Italy (<= 600 m a.s.l.) were examined to define the O-3 summary statistic in the area, and to d...
0
199,320
Differential expression of 10 sweetpotato peroxidases in response to sulfur dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet radiation
Kim, YH; Lim, S; Han, SH; Lee, JC; Song, WK; Bang, JW; Kwon, SY; Lee, HS; Kwak, SS
2,007
Secretory class III plant peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) is believed to function in diverse physiological processes, including responses to various environmental stresses. To understand the function of each POD in terms of air pollutants and UV radiation, changes in POD activity and expression of 10 POD genes isolated f...
0
93,210
Nitrogen oxides measurements at rural sites in Switzerland: Bias of conventional measurement techniques
Steinbacher, M; Zellweger, C; Schwarzenbach, B; Bugmann, S; Buchmann, B; Ordo?ez, C; Prevot, ASH; Hueglin, C
2,007
Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) in the atmosphere are often measured using instruments equipped with molybdenum converters. NO2 is catalytically converted to NO on a heated molybdenum surface and subsequently measured by chemiluminescence after reaction with ozone. The drawback of this technique is that other oxidized...
0
93,290
Temporal patterns of foliar ozone symptoms on tall milkweed (Asclepias exaltata L) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Chappelka, AH; Somers, GL; Renfro, JR
2,007
Incidence and severity of ozone-induced foliar symptoms on tall milkweed (Asclepias exaltata L.) along selected trails in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) were determined by two surveys/season conducted from 1992 through 1996. Overall incidence was 73%, and was 84%, 44%, 90%, 58%, and 82% for 1992u1996, respe...
1
191,553
Overexpression of monodehydroascorbate reductase in transgenic tobacco confers enhanced tolerance to ozone, salt and polyethylene glycol stresses
Eltayeb, AE; Kawano, N; Badawi, GH; Kaminaka, H; Sanekata, T; Shibahara, T; Inanaga, S; Tanaka, K
2,007
Ascorbate (AsA) is a major antioxidant and free-radical scavenger in plants. Monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR; EC 1.6.5.4) is crucial for AsA regeneration and essential for maintaining a reduced pool of AsA. To examine whether an overexpressed level of MDAR could minimize the deleterious effects of environmental st...
1
93,042
A comparison of mortality related to urban air particles between periods with Asian dust days and without Asian dust days in Seoul, Korea, 2000-2004
Lee, JT; Son, JY; Cho, YS
2,007
Recent papers have reported that Asian dust events have been associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality and rates of respiratory illness. The current study was designed to estimate the relative risk of mortality associated with Asian dust events. We used the daily counts of non-accidental deaths, air pollut...
0
191,464
Increasing risk for negative ozone impacts on vegetation in northern Sweden
Karlsson, PE; Tang, L; Sundberg, J; Chen, D; Lindskog, A; Pleijel, H
2,007
Trends were found for increasing surface ozone concentrations during April-September in northern Sweden over the period 1990-2006 as well as for an earlier onset of vegetation growing season. The highest ozone concentrations in northern Sweden occurred in April and the ozone concentrations in April showed a strong incr...
0
596,402
The pharmacological effects of ozone on isolated guinea pig tracheal preparations
Lotriet, CJ; Oliver, DW; Venter, DP
2,007
Ozone is a potent oxidizing agent with a variety of potential uses, including its antimicrobial and deodorising properties. The recent increased use of ozone led to questions regarding its safety in humans. This study specifically focussed on the in vitro effect of ozone on isolated guinea pig tracheal tissue as well a...
0
186,919
Do levels of airborne grass pollen influence asthma hospital admissions?
Erbas, B; Chang, JH; Dharmage, S; Ong, EK; Hyndman, R; Newbigin, E; Abramson, M
2,007
BACKGROUND: The effects of environmental factors and ambient concentrations of grass pollen on allergic asthma are yet to be established. OBJECTIVE: We sought to estimate the independent effects of grass pollen concentrations in the air over Melbourne on asthma hospital admissions for the 1992-1993 pollen season. M...
0
596,377
Atmospheric photochemical transformations enhance 1,3-butadiene-induced inflammatory responses in human epithelial cells: The role of ozone and other photochemical degradation products
Doyle, M; Sexton, KG; Jeffries, H; Jaspers, I
2,007
Chemistry of hazardous air pollutants has been studied for many years, yet little is known about how these chemicals, once reacted within urban atmospheres, affect healthy and susceptible individuals. Once released into the atmosphere, 1,3-butadiene (BD) reacts with hydroxyl radicals and ozone (created by photochemical...
1
521,350
Climate response to projected changes in short-lived species under an A1B scenario from 2000-2050 in the GISS climate model
Shindell, DT; Faluvegi, G; Bauer, SE; Koch, DM; Unger, N; Menon, S; Miller, RL; Schmidt, GA; Streets, DG
2,007
We investigate the climate forcing from and response to projected changes in short-lived species and methane under an A1B scenario from 2000-2050 in the GISS climate model. We present a meta-analysis of new simulations of the full evolution of gas and aerosol species and other existing experiments with variations of th...
1
191,641
Response of gas exchange and yield components of field-grown Triticum aestivum L. to elevated ozone in China
Feng, ZZ; Yao, FF; Chen, Z; Wang, XK; Meng, QW; Feng, ZW
2,007
To assess photosynthesis and yield components' response of field-grown wheat to increasing ozone (03) concentration (based on diurnal pattern of ambient O-3) in China, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jia 403 was planted in open top chambers and exposed to three different O-3 concentrations: O-3-free air (CF), a...
0
90,563
Examining photolysis rates with a prototype online photolysis module in CMAQ
Binkowski, FS; Arunachalam, S; Adelman, Z; Pinto, JP
2,007
A prototype online photolysis module has been developed for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. The module calculates actinic fluxes and photolysis rates (j values) at every vertical level in each of seven wavelength intervals from 291 to 850 nm, as well as the total surface irradiance and aero...
1
195,841
Time course of ozone-induced changes in breathing pattern in healthy exercising humans
Schelegle, ES; Walby, WF; Adams, WC
2,007
We examined the time course of O3-induced changes in breathing pattern in 97 healthy human subjects (70 men and 27 women). One- to five-minute averages of breathing frequency (fB) and minute ventilation (E) were used to generate plots of cumulative breaths and cumulative exposure volume vs. time and cumulative exposure...
1
622,978
Screening for indoor air quality of air-conditioned off ices
Wong, LT; Mui, KW; Hui, PS
2,007
It would be costly to sample all toxic air pollutants to which an entire community is exposed. In Hong Kong, a voluntary Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) certification scheme for IAQ assessment in workplaces proposes the measurement of the levels of 12 parameters: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, respirable suspended particula...
0
195,142
The effect of exercise on nasal uptake of ozone in healthy human adults
Sawyer, K; Brown, J; HazuchaM; Bennett, WD
2,007
The nose may help protect the lower respiratory tract from the effects of ambient ozone by scrubbing ozone from inspired air. Reductions in both nasal resistance and nitric oxide production with exercise may influence the efficiency of ozone uptake in the nose. Nasal ozone uptake was measured in 10 healthy volunteers b...
1
199,388
Visible foliar injury and physiological responses to ozone in Italian provenances of Fraxinus excelsior and F-ornus
Contran, N; Paoletti, E
2,007
We compared leaf visible injury and physiological responses (gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence) to high O-3 exposure (150 nmol mol(-1) h, 8 h day(-1), 35-40 days) of two woody species of the same genus with different ecological features: the mesophilic green ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and the xerotolerant manna...
0
134,565
VOC concentration profiles in an ozone non-attainment area: A case study in an urban and industrial complex metroplex in southern Taiwan
Hung-Lung, C; Jiun-Horng, T; Shih-Yu, C; Kuo-Hsiung, L; Sen-Yi, M
2,007
null
0
191,415
Forest understory clover populations in enriched CO2 and O-3 atmospheres: Interspecific, intraspecific, and indirect effects
Awmack, CS; Mondor, EB; Lindroth, RL
2,007
The effects of CO2 and tropospheric O-3 on forest trees are increasingly the subject of experimental evaluation. Little is known, however, about the effects of these gases on understory plant taxa. At the Aspen free-air CO2 and O-3 enrichment (Aspen FACE) site we assessed colonization and establishment of two common fo...
1
630,274
Future climate impacts of direct radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols, tropospheric ozone, and long-lived greenhouse gases
Chen, WT; Liao, H; Seinfeld, JH
2,007
Long-lived greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the most important driver of climate change over the next century. Aerosols and tropospheric ozone (O3) are expected to induce significant perturbations to the GHG-forced climate. To distinguish the equilibrium climate responses to changes in direct radiative forcing of anthropoge...
1
136,206
What is causing high ozone at Summit, Greenland?
Helmig, D; Oltmans, SJ; Morse, TO; Dibb, JE
2,007
Causes for the unusually high and seasonally anomalous ozone concentrations at Summit, Greenland were investigated. Surface data from continuous monitoring, ozone sonde data, tethered balloon vertical profiling data, correlation of ozone with the radionuclide tracers Be-7 and Pb-210, and synoptic transport analys...
0
608,803
Global modeling analysis of tropospheric ozone and its radiative forcing from biomass burning emissions in the twentieth century
Ito, A; Sudo, K; Akimoto, H; Sillman, S; Penner, JE
2,007
This work evaluates the sensitivity of tropospheric ozone (O/sub 3/) and its radiative forcing (RF) from 1890 to 1990 to different biomass burning (BB) emissions using a global tropospheric climate-chemistry model (CCM) with a modified chemical mechanism for anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOC). The use of t...
1
567,661
Early postnatal exposure to allergen and ozone leads to hyperinnervation of the pulmonary epithelium
Kajekar, R; Pieczarka, EM; Smiley-Jewell, SM; Schelegle, ES; Fanucchi, MV; Plopper, CG
2,007
Airway injury in infant monkeys exposed to ozone and/or house dust mite allergen (HDMA) is associated with a loss of epithelial innervation. In this study, we evaluated for persistence/recovery of the altered epithelial innervation. Thirty-day-old rhesus monkeys were exposed to repeated episodes of HDMA and/or ozone fr...
1
597,954
Ozone exposure in the culture medium inhibits enterovirus 71 virus replication and modulates cytokine production in rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Lin, YC; Juan, HC; Cheng, YC
2,007
In the present study, the effects of ozone exposure on enterovirus 71 (EV71) replication and related cytokine production were investigated. Rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD) were exposed to 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ppm ozone or filtered air under different exposure regimens before or after infection for 1 or 2 h. The results reveal...
0
101,119
Characterization of aerosol over the Northern South China Sea during two cruises in 2003
Zhang, X; Zhuang, G; Guo, J; Yin, K; Zhang, P
2,007
Atmospheric transport of trace elements has been found to be an important pathway for their input to the ocean. TSP, PM 10, and PM2.5 aerosol samples were collected over the Northern South China Sea in two cruises in 2003 to estimate the input of aerosol from continent to the ocean. About 23 elements and 14 soluble ion...
1
93,292
Ozone-induced symptoms on vegetation within the Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge in Maine
Davis, DD
2,007
During 1998u2000 and 2002u2004, field surveys were conducted within the Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge, located in northeastern Maine, to determine if ozone-induced symptoms occurred on refuge vegetation. Foliar symptoms were observed on ozone-sensitive bioindicators during each survey year, but the incidence (perc...
1
191,358
Effects of ozone impact on the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of juvenile birch stems (Betula pendula Roth.)
Wittmann, C; Matyssek, R; Pfanz, H; Humar, M
2,007
Effects of ozone impact on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of juvenile birch (Betula pendula) stems and leaves were investigated. Significant differences in the response of leaves and stems to ozone were found. In leaves, O-3 exposure led to a significant decline in photosynthetic rates, whereas stems reveale...
0
191,263
Changes in PEP carboxylase, rubisco and rubisco activase mRNA levels from maize (Zea mays) exposed to a chronic ozone stress
Leitao, L; Maoret, JJ; Biolley, JP
2,007
We quantified the ozone impact on levels of Zea mays L. cv. Chambord mRNAs encoding C-4-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (C-4-PEPc), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small and large subunits (Rubisco-SSU and Rubisco-LSU, respectively) and Rubisco activase (RCA) using real-time RT-PCR. Foliar pigment conte...
1
597,623
Pulmonary responses to acute ozone exposure in fasted mice: effect of leptin administration
Johnston, RA; Theman, TA; Terry, RD; Williams, ES; Shore, SA
2,007
Leptin is a satiety hormone that also has proinflammatory effects, including augmentation of ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether reductions in endogenous levels of leptin can attenuate pulmonary responses to ozone. To reduce serum leptin, we fasted mice overnight bef...
0
623,018
Comparisons of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) ozone profiles to ozonesondes: Methods and initial results
Worden, HM; Logan, JA; Worden, JR; Beer, R; Bowman, K; Clough, SA; Eldering, A; Fisher, BM; Gunson, MR; Herman, RL; Kulawik, SS; Lampel, MC; Luo, M; Megretskaia, IA; Osterman, GB; Shephard, MW
2,007
The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the Earth Observing System (EOS)-Aura spacecraft measures global profiles of atmospheric ozone with vertical resolution of 6-7 km in the troposphere for the nadir view. For a first validation of TES ozone measurements we have compared TES-retrieved ozone profiles to ozone...
1
210,411
Obesity and asthma: Lessons from animal models
Shore, SA
2,007
Epidemiological data indicate that obesity is a risk factor for asthma. These data are supported by observations in several murine models of obesity. Ob/ob, db/db, and Cpe(fat) mice each exhibit innate airway hyperresponsiveness, a characteristic feature of asthma. These mice also respond more vigorously to common asth...
1
92,726
Predictors of concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, fine particulate matter, and particle constituents inside of lower socioeconomic status urban homes
Baxter, LK; Clougherty, JE; Laden, F; Levy, JI
2,007
Air pollution exposure patterns may contribute to known spatial patterning of asthma morbidity within urban areas. While studies have evaluated the relationship between traffic and outdoor concentrations, few have considered indoor exposure patterns within low socioeconomic status (SES) urban communities. In this study...
0
90,710
Increase of exhaled nitric oxide in children exposed to low levels of ambient ozone
Nickmilder, M; De Burbure, C; Sylviane, C; Xavier, D; Alfred, B; Alain, D
2,007
Ozone (O3) is known to induce lung function impairment and airways inflammation during episodes of photochemical smog. The aim of the present study was to assess the inflammatory effect of ambient O3 in healthy children using nitric oxide in exhaled air (eNO) as a noninvasive test. The study was performed on 6 groups o...
1
93,031
Short term effects of air pollution on hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases in eight French cities: The PSAS program
Larrieu, S; Jusot, JF; Blanchard, M; Prouvost, H; Declercq, C; Fabre, P; Pascal, L; Le Tertre, A; Wagner, V; Riviere, S; Chardon, B; Borelli, D; Cassadou, S; Eilstein, D; Lefranc, A
2,007
INTRODUCTION: Short term associations between air pollution indicators and hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases have been suggested by epidemiological and clinical studies. The present study aims at estimating the association between particles with diameter < 10 mum (PM SUB 10), nitrogen dioxide (NO SUB 2) and ...
1
93,023
Space-based formaldehyde measurements as constraints on volatile organic compound emissions in east and south Asia and implications for ozone
Fu, TM; Jacob, DJ; Palmer, PI; Chance, K; Wang, YX; Barletta, B; Blake, DR; Stanton, JC; Pilling, MJ
2,007
We use a continuous 6-year record (1996u2001) of GOME satellite measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO) columns over east and south Asia to improve regional emission estimates of reactive nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), including isoprene, alkenes, HCHO, and xylenes. Mean monthly HCHO observations are compa...
0
90,315
Analysis of uncertainty in ozone population exposure modeling [technical memorandum]
Langstaff, JE
2,007
N/A.
1
199,323
Oxygen and carbon isotopic signatures reveal a long-term effect of free-air ozone enrichment on leaf conductance in semi-natural grassland
Jaggi, M; Fuhrer, J
2,007
The effect of ozone on leaf gas diffusion was investigated by analyzing the stable oxygen isotopic signatures (00) in leaves of Holcus lanatus L., Plantago lanceolata L., Ranunculus friesianus (Jord.), and Trifolium pratense L. grown in temperate, semi-natural grassland. Dried material from plants exposed to ambient or...
0
194,637
Risk assessments for forest trees: The performance of the ozone flux versus the AOT concepts
Karlsson, PE; Braun, S; Broadmeadow, M; Elvira, S; Emberson, L; Gimeno, BS; Le Thiec, D; Novak, K; Oksanen, E; Schaub, M; Uddling, J; Wilkinson, M
2,007
Published ozone exposure-response relationships from experimental studies with young trees performed at different sites across Europe were re-analysed in order to test the performance of ozone exposure indices based on AOTX (Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of X nmol mol(-1)) and AF(st)Y (Accumulated Stomatal Flux...
0
90,796
Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network study (IONS) 2004: 2 Tropospheric ozone budgets and variability over northeastern North America
Thompson, AM; Stone, JB; Witte, JC; Miller, SK; Oltmans, SJ; Kucsera, TL; Ross, KL; Pickering, KE; Merrill, JT; Forbes, G; Tarasick, DW; Joseph, E; Schmidlin, FJ; Mcmillan, WW; Warner, J; Hintsa, EJ; Johnson, JE
2,007
Daily ozone soundings taken from the R/V Ronald H. Brown from 7 July through 11 August 2004 as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX) Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) are used to investigate the vertical structure of ozone over the Gulf of Maine and to characterize variability in sources of t...
1
90,798
Why are there large differences between models in global budgets of tropospheric ozone?
Wu, S; Mickley, LJ; Jacob, DJ; Logan, JA
2,007
Global 3-D tropospheric chemistry models in the literature show large differences in global budget terms for tropospheric ozone. The ozone production rate in the troposphere, P(Ox ), varies from 2300 to 5300 Tg yr-1 across models describing the present-day atmosphere. The ensemble mean of P(Ox ) in models from the post...
1
191,558
Ozone affects gas exchange, growth and reproductive development in Brassica campestris (Wisconsin Fast Plants)
Black, VJ; Stewart, CA; Roberts, JA; Black, CR
2,007
Exposure to ozone (O-3) may affect vegetative and reproductive development, although the consequences for yield depend on the effectiveness of the compensatory processes induced. This study examined the impact on reproductive development of exposing Brassica campestris (Wisconsin Fast Plants) to ozone during vegetative...
1
104,266
The effect of variability in industrial emissions on ozone formation in Houston, Texas
Webster, M; Nam, J; Kimura, Y; Jeffries, H; Vizuete, W; Allen, DT
2,007
Ambient observations have indicated that high concentrations of ozone observed in the Houston/Galveston area are associated with plumes of highly reactive hydrocarbons, mixed with NOx, from industrial facilities. Ambient observations and industrial process data, such as mass flow rates for industrial flares, indicate t...
1
136,207
A review of surface ozone in the polar regions
Helmig, D; Oltmans, SJ; Carlson, D; Lamarque, JF; Jones, A; Labuschagne, C; Anlauf, K; Hayden, K
2,007
Surface ozone records from ten polar research stations were investigated for the dependencies of ozone on radiative processes, snow-photochemisty, and. synoptic and stratospheric transport. A total of 146 annual data records for the Arctic sites Barrow, Alaska; Summit, Greenland; Alert, Canada; Zeppelinfjellet, N...
0
196,579
Interaction between ambient particles and ozone and its effect on daily mortality
Chen, GH; Song, GX; Jiang, LL; Zhang, YH; Zhao, NQ; Chen, BH; Kan, HD
2,007
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of particulate matter (PM) less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) and ozone (O3) on daily mortality in Shanghai, China. METHODS: A generalized additive model with penalized spline function was used to observe the acute effect of PM10 and O3 on daily mortality. RESULTS: Higher PM10 sign...
0
199,360
Induction of isoforms of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic enzymes, AtHEMA2 and AtFC1, under stress conditions and their physiological functions in arabidopsis
Nagai, S; Koide, M; Takahashi, S; Kikuta, A; Aono, M; Sasaki-Sekimoto, Y; Ohta, H; Takamiya, K; Masuda, T
2,007
In the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway, isoforms of glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HEMA2) and ferrochelatase1 (FC1) are mainly expressed in nonphotosynthetic tissues. Here, using promoter-beta-glucuronidase constructs, we showed that the expressions of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) HEMA2 (AtHEMA2) and FC1 (AtFC1) were...
0
622,341
Photochemical modeling of emissions trading of highly reactive volatile organic compounds in Houston, Texas. 2. Incorporation of chlorine emissions
Wang, LL; Thompson, T; Mcdonald-Buller, EC; Allen, DT
2,007
As part of the State Implementation Plan for attaining the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone, the Texas Commission of Environmental Quality has created a Highly Reactive Volatile Organic Compounds (HRVOC) Emissions Cap and Trade Program for industrial point sources in the Houston/Galveston/Brazoria area. ...
0
191,451
Impact of elevated O3 and CO2 exposure on potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje) tuber macronutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Ca)
Piikki, K; Vorne, V; Ojanpera, K; Pleijel, H
2,007
It was investigated whether exposure of elevated ozone (O-3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations affected the macronutrient (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) concentrations in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers in three open-top chamber experiments from Sweden and Finland. The tuber concentrations of N, P, K and Mg correlated po...
1
196,622
[Health impact of ozone in 13 Italian cities]
Mitis, F; Iavarone, I; Martuzzi, M
2,007
OBJECTIVE: to estimate the health impact of ozone in 13 Italian cities over 200,000 inhabitants and to produce basic elements to permit the reproducibility of the study in other urban locations. DESIGN: the following data have been used: population data (2001), health data (2001 or from scientific literature), environm...
0
199,341
Induction of systemic resistance in Lycopersicon esculentum cv. PKM1 (tomato) against Cucumber mosaic virus by using ozone
Sudhakar, N; Nagendra-Prasad, D; Mohan, N; Murugesan, K
2,007
Studies were undertaken to evaluate ozone (03) for induction of resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus in Lycopersicon esculentum cv. PKM1 (tomato) plants. Callus induced from tomato leaf explants on Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium Supplemented with benzyladenine (8.82 mu M) were treated with different concentrations...
0
602,360
Ozone injury in west coast forests: 6 years of monitoring - Introduction
Campbell, SJ; Wanek, R; Coulston, JW
2,007
Tropospheric ozone and other air contaminants are stressors that affect long-term sustainability of temperate forests throughout the world (Chappelka and Chevone 1992, Smith 1985, USDA Forest Service 1997, US EPA 1996b). Ozone has such critical effects that it is included as one of the air quality indicators under the ...
1
196,972
Defense and avoidance of ozone under global change
Tausz, M; Grulke, NE; Wieser, G
2,007
The level II approach of the critical loads concept adopted by the UNECE aims at a flux based evaluation and takes into account environmental factors governing stomatal conductance. These factors will probably be affected by global change. The flux concept predicts that a decrease in stomatal conductance would protect ...
0
191,251
Biogenic hydrocarbon chemistry within and above a mixed deciduous forest
Fuentes, JD; Wang, D; Bowling, DR; Potosnak, M; Monson, RK; Goliff, WS; Stockwell, WR
2,007
This manuscript includes findings from field and numerical modeling investigations designed to quantify the degree and rates of biogenic hydrocarbon chemical processing within and above a mixed deciduous forest in the southeastern United States. The study site was under the influences of nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbon ...
1
199,789
Changes in effects of ozone exposure on growth, photosynthesis, and respiration of Ginkgo biloba in Shenyang urban area
He, XY; Fu, SL; Chen, W; Zhao, TH; Xu, S; Tuba, Z
2,007
An open-top chamber experiment was carried out from April through October 2006 to examine the effects of elevated (80 nmol mol?1) atmospheric O3 on Ginkgo biloba (4-years-old) in urban area. The air with ambient O3 (AA, ? 45 nmol mol?1) was used as control. The leaf mass and size, leaf area index, net photosynthetic ra...
1