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91,104
Paradoxical ozone associations could be due to methyl nitrite from combusion of methyl ethers or esters in engine fuels
Joseph, PM
2,007
We review studies of the effects of low ambient ozone concentrations on morbidity that found a negative coefficient for ozone concentration. We call this a Paradoxical Ozone Association (POA). All studies were in regions with methyl ether in gasoline. All but one study carefully controlled for the effects of other crit...
0
196,943
Pre-exposure to ozone predisposes oak leaves to attacks by Diplodia corticola and Biscogniauxia mediterranea
Paoletti, E; Anselmi, N; Franceschini, A
2,007
ne-year-old cork oak (Quercus suber) and turkey oak (Q. cerris) seedlings were exposed to ozone (110 ppb, 5 h day(-1), for 30 days) and were inoculated with Diplodia corticola and Biscogniauxia mediterranea, respectively, by spraying a suspension of spores on the leaves. Both fungi are endophytic and may act as weak pa...
0
143,140
Numerical study on adjusting and controlling effect of forest cover on PM10 and O3
Du, S; Kang, D; Lei, X; Chen, L
2,007
A new-coupled air quality numerical modeling system has been developed and applied to the study on the adjusting and controlling effect of forest cover on air quality. The modeling system is composed of Plant Canopy Layer Model (PCLM), Urban Scale Meteorological Model (USMM), and High-Resolution Chemical Model (HRCM). ...
0
145,700
Measurements and analyses of nitrogen oxides and ozone in the yard and on the roof of a street-canyon in Suzhou
Costabile, F; Allegrini, I
2,007
The concentrations of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and ozone characterised by very fast chemical reactions can significantly vary within urban street-canyon due to the short distances between sources and receptor. With the primary objective to analyse this issue, NO, NO2, NOx, O-3, BTX, and wind flow field we...
0
190,076
A framework for predicting personal exposures to environmental hazards
Zidek, JV; Shaddick, G; Meloche, J; Chatfield, C; White, R
2,007
This paper presents a general framework for constructing a predictive distribution of the exposure to an environmental hazard sustained by a randomly selected member of a designated population. The individual's exposure is assumed to arise from random movement through the environment, resulting in a distribution of exp...
1
199,245
Ozone sensitivity of the Mediterranean terophyte trifolium striatum is modulated by soil nitrogen content
Sanz, J; Bermejo, V; Gimeno, BS; Elvira, S; Alonso, R
2,007
The influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the sensitivity to ozone (O-3) has been studied using the O-3 sensitive species Trifolium striatum, an annual species frequently found in therophitic grasslands of the dehesas in the central Iberian Peninsula. The experiment was carried out in open-top chambers using three...
1
93,197
Influences of the weather and air pollutants on cardiovascular disease in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo
Goncalves FL Braun, S; Silva Dias, PL; Sharovsky, R
2,007
OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been associated with meteorological variables and pollutant levels. However, these relationships have rarely been studied in S?o Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: From 1996 to 2000, biometeorological indices including meteorological variables such as temperature, relative humidity, and...
0
623,020
Improved tropospheric ozone profile retrievals using OMI and TES radiances
Worden, J; Liu, X; Bowman, K; Chance, K; Beer, R; Eldering, A; Gunson, M; Worden, H
2,007
We perform a study for characterizing the vertical resolution of tropospheric ozone profile retrievals from the combination of simulated ultraviolet (UV) and thermal infrared (TIR) observations that are representative of the EOS Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES). Un...
1
98,085
Short-term effects of gaseous pollutants on cause-specific mortality in Wuhan, China
Qian, Z; He, Q; Lin, HM; Kong, L; Liao, D; Yang, N; Bentley, CM; Xu, S
2,007
In Asia, limited studies have been published on the association between daily mortality and gaseous pollutants of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Our previous studies in Wuhan, China, demonstrated long-term air pollution effects. However, no study has been conducted to determine mortality ...
0
196,613
Air pollution and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure in a tropical city: Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Lee, IM; Tsai, SS; Ho, CK; Chiu, HF; Yang, CY
2,007
This study was undertaken to determine whether there was an association between air pollutant levels and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure (CHF) in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for CHF and ambient air pollution data for Kaohsiung were obtained for the period 1996-2004. The relative risk of hosp...
1
597,081
Persistence and remission in childhood asthma
To, T; Gershon, A; Wang, C; Dell, S; Cicutto, L
2,007
Objectives: To examine and predict the persistence of childhood asthma. Design: Longitudinal population-based cohort study. Setting: Ontario, Canada. Participants: Children born in 1994 and diagnosed with asthma before age 6 years were followed up until age 11 years. Diagnosis of asthma was defined as 1 asthma ho...
0
191,512
Measures of ozone concentrations using passive sampling in forests of South Western Europe
Sanz, MJ; Calatayud, V; Sanchez-Pena, G
2,007
Ambient ozone concentrations were measured with passive samplers in the framework of the EU and UN/ECE Level II forest monitoring programme. Data from France, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain and Switzerland are reported for 2000-2002, covering the period from April to September. The number of plots increased from 67 in 2000 t...
0
677,537
Ozone effects studies
null
2,007
Ozone affects human health, causing respiratory problems, and vegetation, causing visible foliar injury and reducing growth and reproduction. The National Park Service monitors ozone in certain parks and is conducting studies on vegetation to assess and better understand the effects of ozone. Vegetation injury from ozo...
1
651,861
Study of UV radiation dose received by the Spanish population
Gurrea, G; Canada, J
2,007
Excess exposure to UV radiation can affect our health by causing sunburn, skin cancer, etc. It is therefore useful to determine the UV dosage received by people as a way of protecting them from the possible negative effects that this kind of radiation can cause. In this work, the personal outdoor percentage, which show...
0
91,152
Exposure to ultrafine particles from ambient air and oxidative stress-induced DNA damage
Brauner, EV; Forchhammer, L; M?ller, P; Simonsen, J; Glasius, M; W?hlin, P; Raaschou-Nielsen, O; Loft, S
2,007
BACKGROUND: Particulate matter, especially ultrafine particles (UFPs), may cause health effects through generation of oxidative stress, with resulting damage to DNA and other macromolecules. OBJECTIVE: We investigated oxidative damage to DNA and related repair capacity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) duri...
0
91,753
Biogeochemical interactions between iron and sulphate in freshwater wetlands and their implications for interspecific competition between aquatic macrophytes
Van Der Welle, MEW; Smolders, AJP; Op Den Camp, HJM; Roelofs, JGM; Lamers, LPM
2,007
1. Wetlands are threatened by desiccation, eutrophication and changing water quality, generally leading to greatly altered biogeochemical processes. Sulphate pollution can lead to severe eutrophication and sulphide toxicity, but may also interact with the availability of iron and other metals. <br> <br>2. In the presen...
0
191,674
Significance of ozone exposure for inter-annual differences in primary metabolites of old-growth beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) trees in a mixed forest stand
Alexou, M; Hofer, N; Liu, X; Rennenberg, H; Haberer, K
2,007
The influence of long-term free-air ozone fumigation and canopy position on leaf contents of total glutathione, its redox state, non-structural proteins (NSP), soluble amino compounds, and total soluble sugars in old-growth beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) trees were determined over a period of five yea...
0
628,590
4-Hydroxynonenal, an endogenous aldehyde, causes pain and neurogenic inflammation through activation of the irritant receptor TRPA1
Trevisani, M; Siemens, J; Materazzi, S; Bautista, DM; Nassini, R; Campi, B; Imamachi, N; Andre, E; Patacchini, R; Cottrell, GS; Gatti, R; Basbaum, AI; Bunnett, NW; Julius, D; Geppetti, P
2,007
TRPA1 is an excitatory ion channel expressed by a subpopulation of primary afferent somatosensory neurons that contain substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Environmental irritants such as mustard oil, allicin, and acrolein activate TRPA1, causing acute pain, neuropeptide release, and neurogenic inflammation...
1
191,447
Identification of differentially expressed genes induced by ozone stress in sensitive and tolerant poplar hybrids
Rizzo, M; Bernardi, R; Salvini, M; Nali, C; Lorenzini, G; Durante, M
2,007
The differential expression of genes induced by an acute ozone treatment was analysed in two poplar clones, i.e. Populus deltoides x maximowiczii, Eridano clone, and Populus x euoramericana, 1-214 clone, respectively, sensitive and tolerant to this pollutant, performing suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). From...
1
91,252
Elevated plasma endothelin-1 and pulmonary arterial pressure in children exposed to air pollution
Calderon-Garciduenas, L; Vincent, R; Mora-Tiscareno, A; Franco-Lira, M; Henriquez-Roldan, C; Barragan-Mejia, G; Garrido-Garcia, L; Camacho-Reyes, L; Valencia-Salazar, G; Paredes, R; Romero, L; Osnaya, H; Villarreal-Calderon, R; Torres-Jardon
2,007
BACKGROUND: Controlled exposures of animals and humans to particulate matter (PM) or ozone air pollution cause an increase in plasma levels of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor that regulates pulmonary arterial pressure. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this field study was to determine whether Mexico City chi...
0
601,190
Further studies of oxidation processes on filter surfaces: Evidence for oxidation products and the influence of time in service
Beko, G; Clausen, G; Weschler, CJ
2,007
The sensory pollutants emitted by loaded ventilation filters are assumed to include products formed via oxidation of organics associated with captured particles. In this study, experiments were performed that used either particle production or ozone removal as probes to further improve our understanding of such process...
1
191,568
Ozone biomonitoring with Bel-W3 tobacco plants in the city of Valencia (Spain)
Calatayud, V; Sanz, MJ; Calvo, E; Cervero, J; Ansel, W; Klumpp, A
2,007
A biomonitoring study using the ozone-sensitive bioindicator plant Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bel-W3 was conducted in the city of Valencia (eastern Spain) and surrounding areas in 2002. Plants were exposed to ambient air at seven sites, including four traffic-exposed urban sites, a large urban garden and a suburban and a ru...
1
196,952
Influence of elevated CO2 and ozone concentrations on late blight resistance and growth of potato plants
Plessl, M; Elstner, EF; Rennenberg, H; Habermeyer, J; Heiser, I
2,007
Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Indira) with high susceptibility to the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans were exposed for 4 weeks to two different CO2 concentrations (400/700 ppm) combined with ambient and double ambient ozone concentrations (first experiment) and with 1/5 ambient and ambient ozone c...
1
98,391
Short-term effects of particulate air pollution on male smokers and never-smokers
Wong, CM; Ou, CQ; Lee, NW; Chan, KP; Thach, TQ; Chau, YK; Ho, SY; Hedley, AJ; Lam, TH
2,007
BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that ambient air pollution and smoking are both associated with increased mortality, but until now there has been little evidence as to whether the effects of these 2 factors combined are greater than the sum of their individual effects. We assessed whether smokers are subject to...
0
195,652
Ozone effects on the metabolism and the antioxidant system in poplar leaves at different stages of development
Nogues, I; Loreto, F
2,007
null
0
92,856
Ambient air pollution and cardiac arrhythmias in patients with implantable defibrillators
Metzger, KB; Klein, M; Flanders, WD; Peel, JL; Mulholland, JA; Langberg, JJ; Tolbert, PE
2,007
Background: Previous studies of ambient air pollution and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators have yielded mixed results. Methods: We examined this relationship in a study of 518 patients with 6287 tachyarrhythmic event-days over a 10-year period in Atlanta, Georgia. T...
1
595,176
Atmospheric ozone measurement with an inexpensive and fully automated porous tube collector-colorimeter
Li, J; Li, Q; Dyke, JV; Dasgupta, PK
2,007
The bleaching action of ozone on indigo and related compounds is well known. We describe sensitive automated instrumentation for measuring ambient ozone. Air is sampled around a porous polypropylene tube filled with a solution of indigotrisulfonate. Light transmission through the tube is measured. Light transmission in...
0
191,590
Ozone sensitivity differences in five tomato cultivars: Visible injury and effects on biomass and fruits
Calvo, E; Martin, C; Sanz, MJ
2,007
Five tomato cultivars (Nikita, Ailsa Craig, Moneymaker, UC 82 L and Piedmont) were exposed in open-top chambers to three ozone treatments: charcoal-filtered air (F); non-filtered air (NF); and non-filtered air plus 70 ppb ozone (NF+, 8 h, 133 days). Ozone-specific visible symptoms were recorded for all cultivars in the...
0
199,375
Linking stress with macroscopic and microscopic leaf response in trees: new diagnostic perspectives
Gunthardt-Goerg, MS; Vollenweider, P
2,007
Visible symptoms in tree foliage can be used for stress diagnosis once validated with microscopical analyses. This paper reviews and illustrates macroscopical and microscopical markers of stress with a biotic (bacteria, fungi, insects) or abiotic (frost, drought, mineral deficiency, heavy metal pollution in the soil, a...
0
92,833
Air pollution: impact on maternal and perinatal health
Hackley, B; Feinstein, A; Dixon, J
2,007
While air pollution levels have fallen in recent years, air quality in the United States is still poor and adversely affects the health of millions of persons. Because of physiologic changes in pregnancy, pregnant women and their fetuses are among the most vulnerable. This paper reviews the current state of our air qua...
0
597,543
Attenuation of ozone-induced airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness by c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125
Williams, AS; Issa, R; Leung, SY; Puneeta, N; Gregory, D; Ferguson, D; Brydon, L; Bennett, I; Adcock, M; Chung, KF
2,007
Ozone has potent oxidizing properties, and exposure to ozone causes airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and lung inflammation. We determined the importance of c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, in ozone-induced AHR and inflammation. SP600125 [anthra[1,9-cd] pyrazol-...
1
196,932
Assessing ambient ozone impact on plant productivity in NY with snap bean genotypes differing in sensitivity
McGrath, MT; Davey, JF
2,007
null
0
191,474
Influences of nitrogen load on the growth and photosynthetic responses of Quercus serrata seedlings to O3
Watanabe, M; Yamaguchi, M; Tabe, C; Iwasaki, M; Yamashita, R; Funada, R; Fukami, M; Matsumura, H; Kohno, Y; Izuta, T
2,007
The objectives of this study were to clarify the influences of nitrogen (N) load on the growth and photosynthetic responses of Quercus serrata seedlings to O-3 and to obtain basic data for evaluating the critical levels of O-3 for protecting Q. serrata forests in Japan. The effects of O-3 and/or N load on growth and ph...
1
147,811
An analysis on abnormally low ozone in the upper troposphere over subtropical East Asia in spring 2004
Chan, CY; Li, YS; Tang, JH; Leung, YK; Wu, MC; Chan, LY; Chang, CC; Liu, SC
2,007
Abnormally low ozone (O3) mixing ratios were observed by electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes in the upper troposphere over subtropical East Asia in spring 2004, a season when high tropospheric O3 is usually observed in the region. Low O3 with a lowest mixing ratio of 13 ppbv, less than a fourth of the ...
0
651,853
Does solar ultraviolet irradiation affect cancer mortality rates in China?
Grant, WB
2,007
Solar ultraviolet B (UVB) has been found to correlate with reduced risk for 14 types of cancer in three or more observational studies and another 14 in one-to-two observational studies. The beneficial role of UVB is thought to be mediated through vitamin D production. Few such studies have been conducted in Southeast A...
0
92,819
Air pollution and serum C-reactive protein concentration in children
Shima, M
2,007
<strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Few biological markers that allow evaluation of the effects of air pollution on human health have been identified. This study evaluated the association of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in children with their respiratory symptoms and air pollution.<br /><br /><strong>METHODS: ...
0
699,133
Ozone-induced foliar injury in saplings of Psidium guajava 'Paluma' in Sao Paulo, Brazil
Pina, JM; Moraes, RM
2,007
Psidium guajava 'Paluma' was evaluated under field conditions as a tropical bioindicator species of ozone (O-3). Three exposures of 90 days each were performed (June 21, 2004-March 19, 2005). In each one of them, saplings of 'Paluma' (n = 30) were exposed to ambient air at a site in Sao Paulo (Brazil) with high o...
0
92,936
Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing
Forster, P; Ramaswamy, V; Artaxo, P; Berntsen, T; Betts, R; Fahey, DW; Haywood, J; Lean, J; Lowe, DC; Myhre, G; Nganga, J; Prinn, R; Raga, G; Schultz, M; Van Dorland, R
2,007
Radiative forcing (RF) is a concept used for quantitative comparisons of the strength of different human and natural agents in causing climate change. Climate model studies since the Working Group I Third Assessment Report (TAR; IPCC, 2001) give medium confidence that the equilibrium global mean temperature response to...
1
191,257
Can salt stress-induced physiological responses protect tomato crops from ozone damages in Mediterranean environments?
Maggio, A; De Pascale, S; Fagnano, M; Barbieri, G
2,007
The main route for ozone entry in plants is through the stomata. Consequently, environmental factors that may expose plants to any stress that will eventually lead to stomatal closure, will also reduce the rate of ozone entry into the plant and will possibly counteract ozone damages. In addition, several abiotic stress...
0
191,279
Comparison of several models for calculating ozone stomatal fluxes on a mediterranean wheat cultivar (Triticum durum Desf. Cv. Camacho)
Llorente, DD
2,007
Ozone stomatal fluxes were modeled for a 3-year period following different approaches for a commercial variety of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Camacho) at the phenological stage of anthesis. All models performed in the same range, although not all of them afforded equally significant results. Nevertheless, all...
0
191,509
Management for red spruce conservation in Quebec: The importance of some physiological and ecological characteristics - A review
Dumais, D; Prevost, M
2,007
The physiological and ecological characteristics of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) are reviewed and integrated into ecosystem management options. Red spruce is a shade-tolerant, late-successional conifer species found in the temperate forests of northeastern North America. Its wood, being of excellent quality, is priz...
0
93,287
New exposure-based metric approach for evaluating O3 risk to North American aspen forests
Percy, KE; Nosal, M; Heilman, W; Dann, T; Sober, J; Legge, AH; Karnosky, DF
2,007
The United States and Canada currently use exposure-based metrics to protect vegetation from O(3). Using 5 years (1999-2003) of co-measured O(3), meteorology and growth response, we have developed exposure-based regression models that predict Populus tremuloides growth change within the North American ambient air quali...
1
191,539
A novel device detects a rapid ozone-induced transient stomatal closure in intact Arabidopsis and its absence in abi2 mutant
Kollist, T; Moldau, H; Rasulov, B; Oja, V; Ramma, H; Huve, K; Jaspers, P; Kangasjarvi, J; Kollist, H
2,007
To follow stomatal responses to ozone (O-3) in different Arabidopsis lines, we constructed a rapid-response O-3 exposure/gas-exchange measurement device consisting of eight through-flow whole-rosette cuvettes. To separate rosette from roots and growth substrate, plant is grown through an agar-filled hole in a polished ...
1
631,179
Local and remote contributions to Arctic warming
Shindell, D
2,007
I investigate the relative impact of local and remote radiative forcing by tropospheric aerosols and ozone on Arctic climate using GISS climate model simulations. During boreal summer, Arctic climate is well-correlated with either the global or Arctic forcing. During other seasons, however, large-scale dynamics strongl...
0
632,611
Models in environmental regulatory decision making
null
2,007
Many regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are based on the results of computer models. Models help EPA explain environmental phenomena in settings where direct observations are limited or unavailable, and anticipate the effects of agency policies on the environment, human health and the ...
1
597,540
PPARalpha and AP-2alpha regulate bombesin receptor subtype 3 expression in ozone-stressed bronchial epithelial cells
Tan, YR; Qin, XQ; Xiang, Y; Yang, T; Qu, F; Wang, Y; Liu, HJ; Weber, HC
2,007
Previously, we found that bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) significantly increased in an ozone-stressed airway hyperresponsiveness animal model and resulted in induced wound repair and protection from acute lung injury. In the present study, we determined molecular mechanisms of BRS-3 regulation in human BECs (bronc...
0
156,707
Production of ozone and reactive oxygen species after welding
Liu, HH; Wu, YC; Chen, HL
2,007
Many toxic substances including heavy metals, ozone, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides are generated during welding. Ozone (O3) is a strong oxidant that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissue, and ambient ROS exposure associated with particles has been determined to cause DNA damage. Ozone...
0
147,633
Secondary aerosol formation through photochemical reactions estimated by using air quality monitoring data in Taipei City from 1994 to 2003
Chang, SC; Lee, CT
2,007
Analyses of diurnal patterns of PM10 in Taipei City have been performed in this study at different daily ozone maximum concentrations (O3,max) from 1994 to 2003. In order to evaluate secondary aerosol formation at different ozone levels, CO was used as a tracer of primary aerosol, and O3,max was used as an index of pho...
0
92,834
Cardiovascular disease and air pollutants: evaluating and improving epidemiological data implicating traffic exposure
Adar, SD; Kaufman, JD
2,007
Evidence suggests that traffic-related pollutants play a role in the observed associations between air pollution and adverse cardiovascular health effects. The contribution of traffic to individual exposures is difficult to quantify in traditional epidemiological studies, however, and researchers have employed various ...
0
196,627
Different effects of urban and rural environments in the respiratory status of Greek schoolchildren
Priftis, KN; Anthracopoulos, MB; Paliatsos, AG; Tzavelas, G; Nikolaou-Papanagiotou, A; Douridas, P; Nicolaidou, P; Mantzouranis, E
2,007
We hypothesized that asthma symptoms and lung function of schoolchildren living in Athens urban area are adversely affected as compared to others living in a rural environment, over a period of 8 years. We recruited 478 and 342 children aged 8-10 years living within a short radius around the urban and rural area monito...
0
199,337
Nighttime stomatal conductance and transpiration in C-3 and C-4 plants
Caird, MA; Richards, JH; Donovan, LA
2,007
Incomplete stomatal closure during the night is observed in a diverse range of C3 and C4 species (Fig. 1 ; Supplemental Table S1) and can lead to substantial nighttime transpirational water loss. Although water loss is an inevitable consequence of stomatal opening for photosynthetic carbon gain, nighttime stomatal open...
1
90,900
Effects of ethanol (E85) versus gasoline vehicles on cancer and mortality in the United States
Jacobson, MZ
2,007
Ethanol use in vehicle fuel is increasing worldwide, but the potential cancer risk and ozone-related health consequences of a large-scale conversion from gasoline to ethanol have not been examined. Here, a nested global-through-urban air pollution/weather forecast model is combined with high-resolution future emission ...
0
191,563
Ozone and forests in South-Western Europe - What have we learned?
Ferretti, M; Bussotti, F; Calatayud, V; Schaub, M; Krauchi, N; Petriccione, B; Sanchez-Pena, G; Sanz, MJ; Ulrich, E
2,007
Monitoring of forest condition and ozone (O-3) at 83 sites in France, Italy, Luxenbourg, Spain and Switzerland resulted in a number of findings in relation to the knowledge of O-3 exposure (concentration and cumulative AOT40), feasibility of the assessment of stomatal O-3 flux and relationships between O-3 and crown de...
0
191,226
Antioxidative defence of old growth beech (Fagus sylvatica) under double ambient O3 concentrations in a free-air exposure system
Haberer, K; Herbinger, K; Alexou, M; Tausz, M; Rennenberg, H
2,007
In this study the influence of chronic free-air ozone exposure and of different meteorological conditions in the very dry year 2003 and the more humid year 2004 on the antioxidative system in sun and shade leaves of adult Fagus sylvatica trees were investigated. Contents of ascorbate, glutathione, and a-tocopherol, as ...
0
126,908
A numerical study of an autumn high ozone episode over southwestern Taiwan
Lin, CY; Wang, Z; Chou, CCK; Chang, CC; Liu, SC
2,007
Elevated ozone concentration is one of the current major environmental concerns in Taiwan. The spatial distribution and seasonal variations of ground level ozone over Taiwan are investigated by using air quality network stations of Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA). Data shows that high ozone epi...
0
91,267
Differentiating the effects of fine and coarse particles on daily mortality in Shanghai, China
Kan, H; London, SJ; Chen, G; Zhang, Y; Song, G; Zhao, N; Jiang, L; Chen, B
2,007
The findings on health effects of ambient fine particles (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM10-2.5) remain inconsistent. In China, PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 are not the criteria air pollutants, and their monitoring data are scarce. There have been no epidemiological studies of health effects of PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 simultaneously ...
0
596,417
Pulmonary effects of inhaled limonene ozone reaction products in elderly rats
Sunil, VR; Laumbach, RJ; Patel, KJ; Turpin, BJ; Lim, HJ; Kipen, HM; Laskin, JD; Laskin, DL
2,007
d-Limonene is an unsaturated volatile organic chemical found in cleaning products, air fresheners and soaps. It is oxidized by ozone to secondary organic aerosols consisting of aldehydes, acids, oxidants and fine and ultra fine particles. The lung irritant effects of these limonene ozone reaction products (LOP) were in...
0
699,128
The complexities of air pollution regulation: The need for an intergrated research and regulatory perspective
Nadadur, SS; Miller, CA; Hopke, PK; Gordon, T; Vedal, S; Vandenburg, JJ; Costa, DL
2,007
The Clean Air Act mandates the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to periodically reassess existing and new science that underlie the regulation of major ambient pollutants -- particulate matter (PM) and tropospheric ozone being most notable. While toxic effects have been ascribed individually to these and other poll...
0
93,258
Ozone modifies associations between temperature and cardiovascular mortality - analysis of the NMMAPS data
Ren, C; Williams, GM; Morawska, L; Mengersen, K; Tong, S
2,007
Objectives: Both ambient ozone and temperature are associated with human health. However, few data are available on whether ozone modifies temperature effects.. This study aims to explore whether ozone modified associations between maximum temperature and cardiovascular mortality in the United States. Methods: We obtai...
0
116,319
Monitoring of ozone precursors in ambient air using pumped and diffusive sampling on the sorbent Carbopack X
Quincey, P; Butterfield, D; D'Souza, H; Henderson, M
2,007
EU legislation for ambient ozone concentrations puts a requirement on Member States to monitor a large set of ozone precursor species, mostly hydrocarbons. We describe an investigation into how much of this information is readily available from manual methods used routinely for benzene monitoring in the United Kingdom,...
0
149,069
Surface ozone in Yosemite National Park
Burley, JD; Ray, JD
2,007
During the summers of 2003 and 2005, surface ozone concentrations were measured with portable ozone monitors at multiple locations in and around Yosemite National Park. The goal of these measurements was to obtain a comprehensive survey of ozone within Yosemite, which will help modelers predict and interpolate ozone co...
1
191,490
The isochorismate pathway is negatively regulated by salicylic acid signaling in O-3-exposed Arabidopsis
Ogawa, D; Nakajima, N; Tamaoki, M; Aono, M; Kubo, A; Kamada, H; Saji, H
2,007
Ozone (O-3), a major photochemical oxidant, causes leaf injury in plants. Plants synthesize salicylic acid (SA), which is reported to greatly affect O-3 sensitivity. However, the mechanism of SA biosynthesis under O-3 exposure remains unclear. Plants synthesize SA either by a pathway involving phenylalanine as a substr...
0
180,132
Global economic effects of changes in crops, pasture, and forests due to changing climate, carbon dioxide, and ozone
Reilly, J; Paltsev, S; Felzer, B; Wang, X; Kicklighter, D; Melillo, J; Prinn, R; Sarofim, M; Sokolov, A; Wang, C
2,007
Multiple environmental changes will have consequences for global vegetation. To the extent that crop yields and pasture and forest productivity are affected, there can be important economic consequences. We examine the combined effects of changes in climate, increases in carbon dioxide (CO2), and changes in tropospheri...
0
122,880
Surface ozone in the Indian region
Mittal, ML; Hess, PG; Jain, SL; Arya, BC; Sharma, C
2,007
Ozone (O-3) is a dangerous air pollutant in terms of damage to crop plants and human health. It is phytotoxic to vegetation and a toxic agent for human health. Tropospheric ozone (O-3) in the Indian sub-continent from Afghanistan in the west (60 degrees E) to parts of Southeast Asian countries in the east (105 degrees ...
0
625,792
Cytokines and other immunological biomarkers in children's environmental health studies
Duramad, P; Tager, IB; Holland, NT
2,007
Environmental exposures (e.g. pesticides, air pollution, and environmental tobacco smoke) during prenatal and early postnatal development have been linked to a growing number of childhood diseases including allergic disorders and leukemia. Because the immune response plays a critical role in each of these diseases, it ...
1
191,586
Ozone reactivity and free radical scavenging behavior of phenolic secondary metabolites in lichens exposed to chronic oxidant air pollution from Mexico City
Valencia-Islas, N; Zambrano, A; Rojas, JL
2,007
Lichen secondary metabolites putatively protect lichens from a variety of environmental stress factors, but it is unknown whether these substances respond to air pollution. To assess such a possibility, the three major phenolics of two epiphytic lichen species with contrasting tolerance to chronic air pollution from Me...
0
199,349
Stomatal and non-stomatal fluxes of ozone to a northern mixed hardwood forest
Hogg, A; Uddling, J; Ellsworth, D; Carroll, MA; Pressley, S; Lamb, B; Vogel, C
2,007
Measurements of ozone, sensible heat, and latent heat fluxes and plant physiological parameters were made at a northern mixed hardwood forest located at the University of Michigan Biological Station in northern Michigan from June 27 to September 28, 2002. These measurements were used to calculate total ozone flux and p...
1
90,442
Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular emergency department visits in potentially sensitive groups
Peel, JL; Metzger, KB; Klein, M; Flanders, WD; Mulholland, JA; Tolbert, PE
2,007
Limited evidence suggests that persons with conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and respiratory conditions may be at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with ambient air pollution. The authors collected data on over 4 million emergency department ...
1
156,063
A review of land-use regression models for characterizing intraurban air pollution exposure
Ryan, PH; Lemasters, GK
2,007
Epidemiologic studies of air pollution require accurate exposure assessments at unmonitored locations in order to minimize exposure misclassification. One approach gaining considerable interest is the land-use regression (LUR) model. Generally, the LUR model has been utilized to characterize air pollution exposure and ...
1
670,425
Violet light causes photodegradation of wood beyond the zone affected by ultraviolet radiation
Kataoka, Y; Kiguchi, M; Williams, RS; Evans, PD
2,007
The limited penetration of wood by light explains why the weathering of wood exposed outdoors is a surface phenomenon. Wood is rapidly degraded by short-wavelength UV radiation, but the penetration of light into wood is positively correlated with its wavelength. Hence, subsurface degradation is likely to be caused by l...
1
156,286
Ozone enhances the airway inflammation initiated by diesel exhaust
Bosson, J; Pourazar, J; Forsberg, B; Adelroth, E; Sandstrom, T; Blomberg, A
2,007
Summary Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse health effects, with particulate matter (PM) and ozone (03) both indicated to be of considerable importance. Diesel engine exhaust (DE) and 03 generate substantial inflammatory effects in the airways. However, as yet it has not been determined whether a subse...
0
191,275
Combining delta C13 and delta O18 analyses to unravel competition, CO2 and O3 effects on the physiological performance of different-aged trees
Grams, TEE; Kozovits, AR; Haberle, KH; Matyssek, R; Dawson, TE
2,007
Combined delta C-13 and delta O-18 analyses of leaf material were used to infer changes in photosynthetic capacity (A(max)) and stomatal conductance (g(l)) in Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies trees growing under natural and controlled conditions. Correlation between g(l) and delta O-18 in leaf cellulose (delta O-18(cel)...
0
196,611
Identification of regional air pollution characteristic and the correlation with public health in Taiwan
Lee, CF; Hsiao, JH; Cheng, SJ; Hsieh, HH
2,007
This study aims to classify regions with different air pollution characteristics into groups in Taiwan, and further to evaluate and compare the air quality of various groups. A selected multivariate analysis technique, cluster analysis, is applied to the pollution monitoring dataset which including PM10, SO2, NO2, CO a...
0
157,015
Arctic smoke - record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe in spring 2006
Stohl, A; Berg, T; Burkhart, JF; Fj?raa, AM; Forster, C; Herber, A; ?, H; Lunder, C; Mcmillan, WW; Oltmans, S; Shiobara, M; Dimpson, D; Solberg, S; Stebel, K; Strom, J; T?rseth, K; Treffeisen, R; Virkkunen, K; Yttri, KE
2,007
In spring 2006, the European Arctic was abnormally warm, setting new historical temperature records. During this warm period, smoke from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe intruded into the European Arctic and caused the most severe air pollution episodes ever recorded there. This paper confirms that biomass burning ...
0
695,351
Ozone, a malady for all ages
Pinkerton, KE; Balmes, JR; Fanucchi, MV; Rom, WN
2,007
null
0
93,291
Ozone injury to plants within the Seney National Wildlife Refuge in northern Michigan
Davis, DD
2,007
Annual field surveys were conducted from 1999-2004 within the Seney National Wildlife Refuge in northern Michigan to determine if ambient ozone levels at this remote location were great enough to injure refuge vegetation. Ozone injury was observed on sensitive bioindicator plants during each survey year; however, the i...
1
196,983
Impacts of climatic and atmospheric changes on carbon dynamics in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Zhang, C; Tian, HQ; Chappelka, AH; Ren, W; Chen, H; Pan, SF; Liu, ML; Styers, DM; Chen, GS; Wang, YH
2,007
We used the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) to estimate carbon (C) storage and to analyze the impacts of environmental changes on C dynamics from 1971 to 2001 in Great Smoky Mountain National Park (GRSM). Our simulation results indicate that forests in GRSM have a C density as high as 15.9 kg m(-2), about twice the...
1
195,246
Influence of experimental variables on decoloration of azo reactive dyes by hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation
Araujo, F; Yokoyama, L; Teixeira, LAC
2,007
This paper was intended to study decoloration of azo C.I. Reactive Red 243 under UV radiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The H(2)Q(2)/UV oxidation process is a feasible and effective alternative in the treatment of effluents that contain such recalcitrant substances as reactive dyes. A statistical factorial ...
0
93,279
Gene-air pollution interactions in asthma
London, SJ
2,007
Genetic and environmental factors interact to cause asthma. However, genetic studies have generally ignored environmental factors and environmental studies have generally ignored genetics. Thus, there are few examples from the literature of specific gene-environment interactions in relation to asthma. The clearest exam...
1
596,418
Lung vitamin E transport processes are affected by both age and environmental oxidants in mice
Valacchi, G; Vasu, VT; Yokohama, W; Corbacho, AM; Phung, A; Lim, Y; Aung, HH; Cross, CE; Davis, PA
2,007
Despite the physiological importance of alpha-tocopherol (AT), the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining cellular and tissue tocopherol levels remain to be fully characterized. Scavenger receptor B1 (SRB1), one of a large family of scavenger receptors, has been shown to facilitate AT transfer from HDL to periphe...
1
90,795
Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network study (IONS) 2004: 1 Summertime upper troposphere/lower stratosphere ozone over northeastern North America
Thompson, AM; Stone, JB; Witte, JC; Miller, SK; Pierce, RB; Chatfield, RB; Oltmans, SJ; Cooper, OR; Loucks, AL; Taubman, BF; Johnson, BJ; Joseph, E; Kucsera, TL; Merrill, JT; Morris, GA; Hersey, S; Forbes, G; Newchurch, MJ; Schmidlin, FJ; Tarasick, DW; Thouret, V; Cammas, JP
2,007
Coordinated ozonesonde launches from the Intercontinental Transport Experiment (INTEX) Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) (http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/intex/ions.html) in July-August 2004 provided nearly 300 O3 profiles from eleven North American sites and the R/V Ronald H. Brown in the Gulf of Maine. With the IONS period d...
0
92,758
The human footprint in the carbon cycle of temperate and boreal forests
Magnani, F; Mencuccini, M; Borghetti, M; Berbigier, P; Berninger, F; Delzon, S; Grelle, A; Hari, P; Jarvis, PG; Kolari, P; Kowalski, AS; Lankreijer, H; Law, BE; Lindroth, A; Loustau, D; Manca, G; Moncrieff, JB; Rayment, M; Tedeschi, V; Valentini, R; Grace, J
2,007
Temperate and boreal forests in the Northern Hemisphere cover an area of about 2 x 10(7) square kilometres and act as a substantial carbon sink (0.6 - 0.7 petagrams of carbon per year)(1). Although forest expansion following agricultural abandonment is certainly responsible for an important fraction of this carbon sink...
0
615,251
Ambient levels of air pollution induce goblet-cell hyperplasia in human conjunctival epithelium
Novaes, P; Do Nascimento Saldiva, PH; Karajose, N; Macchione, M; Matsuda, M; Racca, L; Berra, A
2,007
BACKGROUND: Ocular mucosa is exposed constantly to the external environment, and chronic exposure to air pollution may affect the ocular surface. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of air pollution on the ocular surface by combining determinations of individual exposure and conjunctival impression cytology. METHODS: A p...
0
191,381
Estimates of potential ozone stomatal uptake in mature trees of Quercus ilex in a Mediterranean climate
Manes, F; Vitale, M; Fabi, AM; De Santis, F; Zona, D
2,007
This paper is focused on evaluation of the potential ozone stomatal fluxes (FO3) under seasonally varying microclimatic conditions at two levels of the canopy of an evergreen Mediterranean plant species, Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.), and on comparing them with ozone hourly averages, in order to assess what are the main e...
0
651,891
Pigmentation after single and multiple UV-exposures depending on UV-spectrum
Ravnbak, MH; Wulf, HC
2,007
Minimal pigmentation dose (MMD) after a single UV-exposure is well investigated. Whereas only few studies have established MMD after multiple UV-exposures and mainly in fair-skinned persons. The purpose of this study was to establish MMD 1 week after, respectively, one and five UV-exposures in volunteers with a large v...
0
92,940
The response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to rising [CO2]: Mechanisms and environmental interactions
Ainsworth, EA; Rogers, A
2,007
This review summarizes current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), and examines how downstream processes and environmental constraints modulate these two fundamental responses. The results from free-air C...
1
199,421
Reversible inhibition of the pollen germination and the stigma penetration in Crocus vernus ssp vernus (Iridaceae) following fumigations with NO2, CO, and O-3 gases
Chichiricco, G; Picozzi, P
2,007
We assessed the pollen hydration, the pollen germination, and the stigma papilla penetration of Crocus vernus subsp. vernus (Iridaceae) after 2 h fumigations with O-3, NO2, and CO gases within humidified (90-100% RH) box experiments. When the pollen and the pistil were separately fumigated, the pollen retained the capa...
0
136,210
Ozone uptake to the polar snowpack at Summit, Greenland
Helmig, D; Bocquet, F; Cohen, L; Oltmans, SJ
2,007
The uptake of atmospheric ozone to the polar, year-round snowpack on glacial ice was studied at Summit, Greenland during three experiments in 2003, 2004, and 2005. Ozone was measured at up to three depths in the snowpack, on the surface, and above the surface at three heights on a tower along with supporting meteorolog...
0
191,478
Integrated biomonitoring of air quality with plants and lichens: A case study on ambient ozone from central Italy
Nali, C; Balducci, E; Frati, L; Paoli, L; Loppi, S; Lorenzini, G
2,007
A biennial integrated survey, based on the use of vascular plants for the bioindication of the effects of tropospheric ozone together with the use of automatic analysers of ozone, as well as the mapping of lichen biodiversity was performed in the area of Castelfiorentino (Tuscany, central Italy). Photochemically produc...
1
199,306
Promoting the O-3 flux concept for European forest trees
Matyssek, R; Bytnerowicz, A; Karlsson, PE; Paoletti, E; Sanz, M; Schaub, M; Wieser, G
2,007
Tropospheric ozone (O-3) levels are predicted to stay high, being a factor within "global change" with potential effects on the carbon sink strength of forest trees. Hence, new approaches to O-3 risk assessment and their validation are required, although appropriate databases for adult trees are scant. Approaches based...
0
98,629
Associations between particulate sulfate and organic carbon exposures and heart rate variability in patients with or at risk for cardiovascular diseases
Chuang, KJ; Chan, CC; Su, TC; Lin, LY; Lee, CT
2,007
Objective: It is still unknown whether specific components in fine particles are associated with heart rate variability (HRV) reduction. Methods: We recruited 46 patients with or at risk for cardiovascular diseases to measure 24-hour HRV by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Fixed-site air-monitoring station...
1
89,455
Effects of lightning NOx production during the July 21 European Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Project storm studied with a three-dimensional cloud-scale chemical transport model
Ott, LE; Pickering, KE; Stenchikov, GL; Huntrieser, H; Schumann, U
2,007
The 21 July 1998 thunderstorm observed during the European Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Project (EULINOX) project was simulated using the three-dimensional Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model. The simulation successfully reproduced a number of observed storm features including the splitting of the original cell into a so...
0
196,567
Breath condensate levels of 8-isoprostane and leukotriene B4 after ozone inhalation are greater in sensitive versus nonsensitive subjects
Alfaro, MF; Walby, WF; Adams, WC; Schelegle, ES
2,007
Ozone (O3) inhalation induces pulmonary function decrements and inflammation. The present study was designed to determine if a relationship exists between O3 induced pulmonary function changes and the presence of inflammatory markers as measured in exhaled breath condensates (EBCs) obtained from O3-sensitive and nonsen...
1
156,601
Impact of ambient air pollution on gestational age is modified by season in Sydney, Australia
Jalaludin, B; Mannes, T; Morgan, G; Lincoln, D; Sheppeard, V; Corbett, S
2,007
BACKGROUND: The effect of individual pollutants and the period(s) during pregnancy when pollutant levels are likely to have most impact on preterm birth is not clear. We evaluated the effect of prenatal exposure to six common urban air pollutants in the Sydney metropolitan area on preterm birth. METHODS: We obtained i...
1
139,885
A gas/aerosol air pollutants study over the urban area of Rome using a comprehensive chemical transport model
Gariazzo, C; Silibello, C; Finardi, S; Radice, P; Piersanti, A; Calori, G; Cecinato, A; Perrino, C; Nussio, F; Cagnoli, M; Pelliccioni, A; Gobbi, GP; Di Filippo, P
2,007
The aim of this study was to identify areas of potential relevant exposure to pollutants within Rome's urban core. To meet this goal, intensive field campaigns were conducted and simulations were performed, using the flexible air quality regional model (FARM), to study winter and summer pollution episodes. The simulati...
0
516,270
The presence and impact of environmental lead in passerine birds along an urban to rural land use gradient
Roux, KE; Marra, PP
2,007
Contamination of wetlands by lead shot and lead fishing weights has generated a tremendous amount of research into the impact of lead poisoning on wildlife. Less well known are the potential threats to wildlife posed by lead contaminants still prevalent in urban environments. Despite a U.S. federal ban on lead-based pa...
0
191,577
Ozone exposure, defoliation of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and visible foliar symptoms on native plants in selected plots of South-Western Europe
Ferretti, M; Calderisi, M; Bussotti, F
2,007
The relationships between crown defoliation of beech, visible foliar symptoms on native vegetation and ozone exposure were investigated on permanent monitoring sites in South-Western Europe in the years 2000-2002. Relationships between defoliation of beech and O-3 (seasonal mean, 2-week maximum, AOT40) were investigate...
0
191,336
Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and/or O3 on intra- and interspecific competitive ability of aspen
Kubiske, ME; Quinn, VS; Marquardt, PE; Karnosky, DF
2,007
Three model communities of trembling aspen (mono-culture, and mixed with either paper birch or sugar maple) were grown for seven years in elevated atmospheric CO2 and O-3 using Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) technology. We utilized trends in species' importance, calculated as an index of volume growth and survival, as ...
1
92,847
Air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan
Yang, CY; Chen, CJ
2,007
This study was undertaken to determine whether there was an association between air pollutant levels and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Taipei, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for COPD and ambient air pollution data for Taipei were obtained for the period 1996-2003. The relative ris...
0
199,307
A comparison of two different approaches for mapping potential ozone damage to vegetation. A model study
Simpson, D; Ashmore, MR; Emberson, L; Tuovinen, JP
2,007
Two very different types of approaches are currently in use today for indicating risk of ozone damage to vegetation in Europe. One approach is the so-called AOTX (accumulated exposure over threshold of X ppb) index, which is based upon ozone concentrations only. The second type of approach entails an estimate of the am...
0