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191,240
Atmospheric deposition and ozone levels in Swiss forests: Are critical values exceeded?
Waldner, P; Schaub, M; Pannatier, EG; Schmitt, M; Thimonier, A; Walthert, L
2,007
Air pollution affects forest health through atmospheric deposition of acidic and nitrogen compounds and elevated levels of tropospheric ozone (O-3). In 1985, a monitoring network was established across Europe and various research efforts have since been undertaken to define critical values. We measured atmospheric depo...
0
196,590
Lung injury after ozone exposure is iron dependent
Ghio, AJ; Turi, JL; Madden, MC; Dailey, LA; Richards, JD; Stonehuerner, JG; Morgan, DL; Singleton, S; Garrick, LM; Garrick, MD
2,007
We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress and biological effect after ozone (O3) exposure are dependent on changes in iron homeostasis. After O3 exposure, healthy volunteers demonstrated increased lavage concentrations of iron, transferrin, lactoferrin, and ferritin. In normal rats, alterations of iron metabolism ...
0
196,795
Personal reactive clouds: Introducing the concept of near-head chemistry
Corsi, RL; Siegel, J; Karamalegos, A; Simon, H; Morrison, GC
2,007
The ``personal cloud?? effect and its impact on human exposure to airborne pollutants are well documented. A great deal is also known regarding indoor air chemistry, particularly as related to ozone reactions with mono-terpenes. In this paper we hypothesize the presence of personal reactive clouds that result from ozon...
0
196,640
Air quality and pediatric asthma-related emergencies
Wang, HC; Yousef, E
2,007
BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest a relationship between air pollutants, aeroallergens, and asthma exacerbations. OBJECTIVE: To simultaneously examine the role of seasonality, air quality, aeroallergens, and climate on asthma-related pediatric emergency department (ED) visits. METHODS: A retrospective 4-year study o...
0
196,619
Temperature, Temperature Extremes, and Mortality: A Study of Acclimatization and Effect Modification in 50 United States Cities
Medina-Ramon, M; Schwartz, J
2,007
OBJECTIVES: We examined the increase in mortality associated to hot and cold temperature in different locations, the determinants of the variability in effect estimates, and its implications for adaptation. METHODS: We conducted a case-crossover study in 50 US cities. We used daily mortality and weather data for 6,513,...
0
196,879
Factors affecting the ozone sensitivity of temperate European grasslands: An overview
Bassin, S; Volk, M; Fuhrer, J
2,007
This overview of experimentally induced effects of ozone aims to identify physiological and ecological principles, which can be used to classify the sensitivity to ozone of temperate grassland communities in Europe. The analysis of data from experiments with single plants, binary mixtures and multi-species communities ...
1
595,102
Measurement of ambient ozone using newly developed porous glass sensor
Maruo, YY
2,007
An accumulated sensor with an hourly resolution has been developed for ambient ozone monitoring. The sensor operates by employing the reaction of ozone with indigo carmine. This reaction results in colorless reaction products in pores that can be determined by measuring the transmittance of the color change. Transparen...
1
596,373
Signal transduction pathways of tumor necrosis factor-mediated lung injury induced by ozone in mice
Cho, HY; Morgan, DL; Bauer, AK; Kleeberger, SR
2,007
RATIONALE: Increasing evidence suggests that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plays a key role in pulmonary injury caused by environmental ozone (O(3)) in animal models and human subjects. We previously determined that mice genetically deficient in TNF response are protected from lung inflammation and epithelial injur...
1
90,206
A new detailed chemical model for indoor air pollution
Carslaw, N
2,007
A detailed chemical box model has been constructed based on a comprehensive chemical mechanism (the Master Chemical Mechanism) to investigate indoor air chemistry in a typical urban residence in the UK. Unlike previous modelling studies of indoor air chemistry, the mechanism adopted contains no simplifications such as ...
0
92,944
The likely impact of elevated [CO2], nitrogen deposition, increased temperature and management on carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems: a literature review
Hyvonen, R; ?gren, GI; Linder, S; Persson, T; Cotrufo, MF; Ekblad, A; Freeman, M; Grelle, A; Janssens, IA; Jarvis, PG
2,007
Temperate and boreal forest ecosystems contain a large part of the carbon stored on land, in the form of both biomass and soil organic matter. Increasing atmospheric [CO2], increasing temperature, elevated nitrogen deposition and intensified management will change this C store. Well documented single-factor responses o...
0
196,638
Prednisone blunts airway neutrophilic inflammatory response due to ozone exposure in asthmatic subjects
Vagaggini, B; Cianchetti, S; Bartoli, M; Ricci, M; Bacci, E; Dente, FL; Di Franco, A; Paggiaro, P
2,007
BACKGROUND: The effect of corticosteroids on the ozone (O3)-induced airway inflammation is still debated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to confirm the effect of a short-term treatment with oral glucocorticosteroids on O3-induced airway inflammation, detected by induced sputum analysis, and on functional response ...
1
150,908
Evidence of impact of aerosols on surface ozone concentration in Tianjin, China
Bian, H; Han, S; Tie, X; Sun, M; Liu, A
2,007
In this study, we will present evidence that aerosol particles have strong effects on the surface ozone concentration in a highly polluted city in China. The measured aerosol (PM10), UV flux, and O3 concentrations were analyzed from 1 November (1 Nov) to 7 November (7 Nov) 2005 in Tianjin, China. During this period, th...
0
596,392
Type I interleukin-1 receptor is required for pulmonary responses to subacute ozone exposure in mice
Johnston, RA; Mizgerd, JP; Flynt, L; Quinton, LJ; Williams, ES; Shore, SA
2,007
Interleukin (IL)-1, a proinflammatory cytokine, is expressed in the lung after ozone (O(3)) exposure. IL-1 mediates its effects through the type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI), the only signaling receptor for both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of IL-1RI in pulmonary responses to ...
1
191,520
Modelling ozone effects on adult beech trees through simulation of defence, damage, and repair costs: Implementation of the CASIROZ ozone model in the ANAFORE forest model
Deckmyn, G; de Beeck, MO; Low, M; Then, C; Verbeeck, H; Wipfler, P; Ceulemans, R
2,007
Ozone affects adult trees significantly, but effects on stem growth are hard to prove and difficult to correlate with the primary sites of ozone damage at the leaf level. To simulate ozone effects in a mechanistic way, at a level relevant to forest stand growth, we developed a simple ozone damage and repair model (CASI...
0
196,911
Meta-analysis of the relative sensitivity of semi-natural vegetation species to ozone
Hayes, F; Jones, MLM; Mills, G; Ashmore, M
2,007
This study identified 83 species from existing publications suitable for inclusion in a database of sensitivity of species to ozone (OZOVEG database). An index, the relative sensitivity to ozone, was calculated for each species based on changes in biomass in order to test for species traits associated with ozone sensit...
1
196,610
Ozone enhances markers of innate immunity and antigen presentation on airway monocytes in healthy individuals
Lay, JC; Alexis, NE; Kleeberger, SR; Roubey, RA; Harris, BD; Bromberg, PA; Hazucha, MJ; Devlin, RB; Peden, DB
2,007
null
1
199,293
Ozone stress and antioxidant substances in Trifolium repens and Centaurea jacea leaves
Severino, JF; Stich, K; Soja, G
2,007
Ozone-sensitive (NC-S clone) and resistant plants (NC-R clone) of Trifolium repens and Centaurea jacea were exposed to moderate ozone concentrations in ambient air. The aim of this study was the investigation of the relation between ozone-sensitivity and leaf concentrations of antioxidants (ascorbic acid, total phenoli...
1
191,422
Gene expression induced by chronic ozone in the Mediterranean shrub Phillyrea latifolia: Analysis by cDNA-AFLP
Paolacci, AR; Miraldi, C; Tanzarella, OA; Badiani, M; Porceddu, E; Nali, C; Lorenzini, G; Ciaffi, M
2,007
Seedlings of Phillyrea latifolia L., a Mediterranean shrub, were exposed for 90 days to 110 nll(-1) ozone (O-3)Comparison of the cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) patterns for treated and control plants allowed the identification and cloning of 88 differential sequences induced by O-3. The differe...
1
191,376
Enantiomeric monoterpene emissions from natural and damaged Scots pine in a boreal coniferous forest measured using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Yassaa, N; Williams, J
2,007
In order to develop a valuable method for accurate screening of biogenic emissions from undisturbed living plants or for plant-insect interactions, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been combined with dynamic branch enclosure cuvettes and enantioselective GC/MS. The study was conducted at Hyytiala forest station, ...
0
191,567
Ozone and/or water stresses could have influenced the Betula ermanii Cham. Forest decline observed at Oku-Nikko, Japan
Shimizu, H; Feng, YW
2,007
A serious forest decline of Betula ermanii Cham. has been observed at Mt. Mae-Shirane, Oku-Nikko, Japan, where high ozone (O-3) concentration and severe water deficiency have been measured. In order to consider the possibility whether O-3 and/or water stresses could have been the causes of the forest decline of B. erma...
0
195,859
Outdoor air pollution and emergency department visits for asthma among children and adults: A case-crossover study in northern Alberta, Canada
Villeneuve, PJ; Chen, L; Rowe, BH; Coates, F
2,007
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have observed positive associations between outdoor air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma. However, few have examined the possible confounding influence of aeroallergens, or reported findings among very young children. METHODS: A time stratified case-crossover design w...
1
93,276
Outdoor air pollution and infant mortality: Analysis of daily time-series data in 10 English cities
Hajat, S; Armstrong, B; Wilkinson, P; Busby, A; Dolk, H
2,007
Background: There is growing concern that moderate levels of outdoor air pollution may be associated with infant mortality, representing substantial loss of life- years. To date, there has been no investigation of the effects of outdoor pollution on infant mortality in the UK.Methods: Daily time- series data of air pol...
1
91,428
Indoor ultrafine particle exposures and home heating systems: A cross-sectional survey of Canadian homes during the winter months
Weichenthal, S; Dufresne, A; Infante-Rivard, C; Joseph, L
2,007
Exposure to airborne particulate matter has a negative effect on respiratory health in both children and adults. Ultrafine particle (UFP) exposures are of particular concern owing to their enhanced ability to cause oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs. In this investigation, our objective was to examine the c...
0
191,537
Northern environment predisposes birches to ozone damage
Oksanen, E; Kontunen-Soppela, S; Riikonen, J; Peltonen, P; Uddling, J; Vapaavuori, E
2,007
Ozone sensitivity of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) has been thoroughly investigated since early 1990's in Finland. in our long-term open-field experiments the annual percentage reduction in basal diameter and stem volume increment were the best non-destructive growth indicators for ozone impact when plotted agains...
0
129,535
Long-term changes in the tropospheric column ozone from the ozone soundings over Europe
Krzyscin, J; Krizan, P; Jaroslawski, J
2,007
The tropospheric column of ozone is analyzed from the measurements of the vertical profile of ozone by balloon-born ozonesondes. The data base includes similar to 16,000 ozone profiles collected above six European stations-three of them have begun the ozonesoundings since 1970. We present a trend analysis (with d...
0
611,411
The formation of ultra-fine particles during ozone-initiated oxidations with terpenes emitted from natural paint
Lamorena, RB; Jung, SG; Bae, GN; Lee, W
2,007
The formation of secondary products during the ozone-initiated oxidations with biogenic VOCs emitted from natural paint was investigated in this study. Mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy measurements have shown that the major components of gas-phase chemicals emitted from natural paint are monoterpenes includi...
0
1,786,121
Bronchial challenge test in asthmatics sensitized to mites: Role of particle size in bronchial response
Casset, A; Purohit, A; Birba, E; Chenard, MP; Uring Lambert, B; Bahram, S; Meyer, P; Pauli, G; De Blay, F
2,007
Although major house dust mite allergen (Der p 1) is carried mainly on large particles (>10 microm), standard bronchial challenge tests (BCT) use nebulizers that deliver smaller particles (sizes from 1 to 5 microm) and may therefore not reflect actual domestic exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the i...
0
191,534
Nitrogen deposition but not ozone affects productivity and community composition of subalpine grassland after 3 yr of treatment
Bassin, S; Volk, M; Suter, M; Buchmann, N; Fuhrer, J
2,007
A field experiment was established at 2000 m above sea level (asl) in the central Swiss Alps with the aim of investigating the effects of elevated ozone (O-3) and nitrogen deposition (N), and of their combination, on above-ground productivity and species composition of subalpine grassland. One hundred and eighty monoli...
1
199,305
High-resolution modelling of AOT40 and stomatal ozone uptake in wheat and grassland: A comparison between 2000 and the hot summer of 2003 in Switzerland
Keller, F; Bassin, S; Ammann, C; Fuhrer, J
2,007
The aim was to compare the ozone risk for agricultural crops in Switzerland during the hot and dry year 2003 with the more 'normal' situation in 2000. An improved version of the Ozone DEposition Model ODEM was used at a 2 x 2 km resolution. The distribution of the index AOT40 was compared with the accumulated stomatal ...
0
595,103
Remote sensing by open-path FTIR spectroscopy. Comparison of different analysis techniques applied to ozone and carbon monoxide detection
Briz, S; de Castro, AJ; Diez, S; Lopez, F; Schafer, K
2,007
The analysis of FTIR spectra is usually carried out by commercial programs that use methods based on classical least-squares (CLS) procedures These procedures are normally appropriate to analyse O-P FTIR spectra, but some occasional discrepancies with standard extractive methods have been observed. In this work, a line...
0
147,252
Obesity is a modifier of autonomic cardiac responses to fine metal particulates
Chen, JC; Cavallari, JM; Stone, PH; Christiani, DC
2,007
BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that obesity may impart greater susceptibility to adverse effects of air pollution. Particulate matter, especially PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter &lt;= 2.5 mu m), is associated with increased cardiac events and reduction of heart rate variability (HRV). <br>...
0
195,264
Highly efficient decomposition of organic dyes by aqueous-fiber phase transfer and in situ catalytic oxidation using fiber-supported cobalt phthalocyanine
Chen, W; Lu, W; Yao, Y; Xu, M
2,007
A novel metallophthalocyanine derivative, cobalt tetra (2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine) aminophthalocyanine (Co-TDTAPc), was prepared and immobilized on cellulosic fiber by covalent bond to obtain a supported oxidation catalyst (Co-TDTAPc-F). Co-TDTAPc-F/H202 system based on phase-transfer catalytic oxidation for decompos...
0
193,793
Air pollution and emergency department visits for ischemic heart disease in Montreal, Canada
Szyszkowicz, M
2,007
OBJECTIVES: We examined the associations between emergency department (ED) visits for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and short-term elevations in ambient air pollutants (CO and NO(2)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hierarchical clusters design was used to study ED visits (n = 4979) for ischemic heart disease (ICD-9: 410-414) ...
0
90,719
Effects of subchronic and chronic exposure to ambient air pollutants on infant bronchiolitis
Karr, C; Lumley, T; Schreuder, A; Davis, R; Larson, T; Ritz, B; Kaufman, J
2,007
Ambient air pollutant exposure has been linked to childhood respiratory disease, but infants have received little study. The authors tested the hypotheses that subchronic and chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)), nitrogen dioxide, carbon mono...
1
93,029
A time series analysis of outdoor air pollution and preterm birth in Shanghai, China
Jiang, LL; Zhang, YH; Song, GX; Chen, GH; Chen, BH; Zhao, NQ; Kan, HD
2,007
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between air pollution exposure and preterm birth in Shanghai, China. METHODS: We examined the effect of ambient air pollution on preterm birth using time-series approach in Shanghai in 2004. This method can eliminate potential confounding by individual risk factors that do not ch...
1
91,642
Biological mercury hotspots in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada
Evers, DC; Han, Y; Driscoll, CT; Kamman, NC; Goodale, MW; Lambert, KF; Holsen, TM; Chen, CY; Clair, TA; Butler, T
2,007
Biological mercury (Hg) hotspots were identified in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada using a data set of biotic Hg concentrations. Eight layers representing three major taxa and more than 7300 observations were used to locate five biological Hg hotspots and nine areas of concern. The yellow perch ...
0
199,363
Integrated effects of air pollution and climate change on forests: A northern hemisphere perspective
Bytnerowicz, A; Omasa, K; Paoletti, E
2,007
Many air pollutants and greenhouse gases have common sources, contribute to radiative balance, interact in the atmosphere, and affect ecosystems. The impacts on forest ecosystems have been traditionally treated separately for air pollution and climate change. However, the combined effects may significantly differ from ...
0
458,686
Determination of atmospheric heavy metal pollution in Canakkale and Balikesir provinces using lichen (Cladonia rangiformis) as a bioindicator
Cayir, A; Coskun, M
2,007
A regional study was conducted to assess the current level of atmospheric heavy metal pollution (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd) in the Canakkale and Balikesir provinces of Turkey, and also to establish a baseline for future studies of atmospheric heavy metal pollution. The lichen Cladonia rangiformis was used for determining the ...
0
602,279
Olfactory detection of ozone and D-limonene: reactants in indoor spaces
Cain, WS; Schmidt, R; Wolkoff, P
2,007
Young adult subjects who occupied a well-ventilated space with low background of level of ozone achieved via carbon-filtration could detect ozone odor at 7 ppb, lower than expected from archival compilations. The outcome was not inconsistent, however, with some observations of recognition, beyond mere detection, at abo...
0
93,289
Assessing the risk of foliar injury from ozone on vegetation in parks in the US National Park Service's Vital Signs Network
Kohut, R
2,007
The risk of ozone injury to plants was assessed in support of the National Park Service's Vital Signs Monitoring Network program. The assessment examined bioindicator species, evaluated levels of ozone exposure, and investigated soil moisture conditions during periods of exposure for a 5-year period in each park. The a...
1
191,375
Emission of herbivore-induced volatile terpenoids from two hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides) clones under ambient and elevated ozone concentrations in the field
Blande, JD; Tiiva, P; Oksanen, E; Holopainen, JK
2,007
Tropospheric ozone levels are continuously rising due to human activities in the 21st century. Although the phytotoxic impact of ozone on plants has been well documented, the effect of ozone on plant emissions has received little attention. We have conducted a field-based investigation utilizing two clones of hybrid as...
0
89,474
Surface and lightning sources of nitrogen oxides over the United States: Magnitudes, chemical evolution, and outflow
Hudman, RC; Jacob, DJ; Turquety, S; Leibensperger, EM; Murray, LT; Wu, S; Gilliland, AB; Avery, M; Bertram, TH; Brune, W; Cohen, RC; Dibb, JE; Flocke, FM; Fried, A; Holloway, J; Neuman, JA; Orville, R; Perring, A; Ren, X; Sachse, GW; Singh, HB; Swanson, A; Wooldridge, PJ
2,007
We use observations from two aircraft during the ICARTT campaign over the eastern United States and North Atlantic during summer 2004, interpreted with a global 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem) to test current understanding of regional sources, chemical evolution, and export of NOx. The boundary layer NO...
1
196,902
Effects of solar, climatic and atmospheric components on historical crop yields
Franzaring, J; Henning-Muller, I; Funk, R; Hermann, W; Wulfmeyer, V; Claupein, W; Fangmeier, A
2,007
Historical time series of crop yield and price statistics were related to solar activity, temperature, precipitation and concentrations of atmospheric compounds. In order to filter yield statistics for improvements of agricultural practice over time, yields were de-trended using their deviations from the five year movi...
0
191,584
Ozone induced leaf loss and decreased leaf production of European Holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) over multiple seasons
Ranford, J; Reiling, K
2,007
European Holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) was used to study the impact of one short (28 day) ozone fumigation episode on leaf production, leaf loss and stomatal conductance (g(s)), in order to explore potential longer term effects over 3 growing seasons. Young I. aquifolium plants received an episode of either charcoal-filte...
0
651,854
An ecologic study of cancer mortality rates in Spain with respect to indices of solar UVB irradiance and smoking
Grant, WB
2,007
There is increasing evidence that vitamin D reduces the risk of many types of cancer. Geographic variations in cancer mortality rates in Spain are apparently linked to variations in solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiances and other factors. Cancer mortality rates for 48 continental Spanish provinces for 1978-1992 were used ...
0
133,731
Increase in surface ozone at rural sites in the western US
Jaffe, D; Ray, J
2,007
We evaluated O-3 data for the period 1987-2004 from 11 rural and remote sites in the north and western US, including two sites in Alaska. All sites show a seasonal cycle with a spring or spring-summer maximum. By deseasonalizing the data, we are better able to identify seasonal and spatial patterns and long-term trends...
1
191,411
Foliar, physiologial and growth responses of four maple species exposed to ozone
Calatayud, V; Cervero, J; Sanz, MJ
2,007
The effects of ozone in four maple species, Acer campestre, A. opalus subsp. granatense, A. monspessulanum and A. pseudoplatanus were studied in OTC under two different experimental conditions: in charcoal filtered air (CF), and in non filtered air plus 30 ppb ozone (NF+30). The four species of maple showed contrasting...
1
153,388
Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 45: Sensitivities impacting model performance Part I-Ozone
Appel, KW; Gilliland, AB; Sarwar, G; Gilliam, RC
2,007
This study examines ozone (O(3)) predictions from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5 and discusses potential factors influencing the model results. Daily maximum 8-h average O(3) levels are largely underpredicted when observed O(3) levels are above 85ppb and overpredicted when they are below ...
0
694,738
Air pollutants and cough
Joad, JP; Sekizawa, S; Chen, CY; Bonham, AC
2,007
Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to air pollution is associated with respiratory symptoms and decreases in lung function. This paper reviews recent literature showing that exposure to particulate matter, irritant gases, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), mixed pollutants, and molds is associated with an...
0
91,638
Spatiotemporal relationship between particle air pollution and respiratory emergency hospital admissions in Brisbane, Autralia
Chen, L; Mengersen, K; Tong, S
2,007
The nature of spatial variation in the relationship between air pollution and health outcomes within a city remains an open and important question. This study investigated the spatial variability of particle matter air pollution and its association with respiratory emergency hospital admissions across six geographic ar...
0
197,785
Cytotoxic effects of oxysterols produced during ozonolysis of cholesterol in murine GT1-7 hypothalamic neurons
Sathishkumar, K; Murthy, SN; Uppu, RM
2,007
Ozone present in the photochemical smog or generated at the inflammatory sites is known to oxidize cholesterol and its 3-acyl esters. The oxidation results in the formation of multiple "ozone-specific" oxysterols, some of which are known to cause abnormalities in the metabolism of cholesterol and exert cytotoxicity. Th...
1
156,877
Indoor/outdoor relationships, trends, and carbonaceous content of fine particulate matter in retirement homes of the Los Angeles Basin
Polidori, A; Arhami, M; Sioutas, C; Delfino, RJ; Allen, R
2,007
Hourly indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC, respectively), particle number (PN), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations were measured at two different retirement communities in the Los Angeles, CA, area as part of the Cardiovascu...
0
597,545
Role of TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 in murine ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and neutrophilia
Williams, AS; Leung, SY; Nath, P; Khorasani, NM; Bhavsar, P; Issa, R; Mitchell, JA; Adcock, IM; Chung, KF
2,007
Exposure to air pollutants such as ozone (O3) induces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are first-line effector molecules in innate immunity to infections and signal via adapter proteins, including myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88). We investigated the sensing o...
1
186,963
Stomatal behavior of ozone-sensitive and -insensitive coneflowers (Rudbeckia laciniata var. digitata) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Grulke, N; Neufeld, H; Davison, A; Roberts, M; Chappelka, A
2,007
Morphological and physiological attributes were assessed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ozone (O3) sensitivity in a highly sensitive species, cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata var. digitata). ? Foliage at the same height in the canopy on paired O3-sensitive and -insensitive cutleaf coneflowers was ass...
1
191,535
Nitrous oxide emissions from three ecosystems in tropical peatland of Sarawak, Malaysia
Melling, L; Hatano, R; Goh, KJ
2,007
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were measured monthly over 1 year in three ecosystems on tropical peatland of Sarawak, Malaysia, using a closed-chamber technique. The three ecosystems investigated were mixed peat swamp forest, sago (Metroxylon sagu) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations. The highest annual N2O emi...
0
616,316
Air quality in natural areas: Interface between the public, science and regulation
Percy, KE; Karnosky, DF
2,007
Natural areas are important interfaces between air quality, the public, science and regulation. In the United States and Canada, national parks received over 315 million visits during 2004. Many natural areas have been experiencing decreased visibility, increased ozone (O(3)) levels and elevated nitrogen depositi...
0
655,516
UVB irradiation inhibits and UVA irradiation promotes melanoma cell growth in human skin reconstructs
Holzle, K; Berking, C
2,007
Background: Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is considered to be an important risk factor for the development of cutaneous melanoma. However, once melanoma is induced, it is not known whether UV has any further effects on tumor progression. Objective: We investigated if and to what extent growth of melanoma cells in human sk...
0
191,311
Early responses to acute ozone exposure in two Fagus sylvatica clones differing in xeromorphic adaptations: Photosynthetic and stomatal processes, membrane and epicuticular characteristics
Paoletti, E; Nali, C; Lorenzini, G
2,007
Two Fagus sylvatica L. clones were used to investigate the early responses to acute O-3 exposure (150 nL L-1 stop, i.e., 1.35x ambient hourly peak in rural Italy) and whether xeromorphic adaptations affect gas exchange, membrane, and epicuticular responses. One clone originated in a wet and temperate climate in Central...
0
90,537
Reactive nitrogen distribution and partitioning in the North American troposphere and lowermost stratosphere
Singh, HB; Salas, L; Herlth, D; Kolyer, R; Czech, E; Avery, M; Crawford, JH; Pierce, RB; Sachse, GW; Blake, DR; Cohen, RC; Bertram, TH; Perring, A; Wooldridge, PJ; Dibb, J; Huey, G; Hudman, RC; Turquety, S; Emmons, LK; Flocke, F; Tang, Y; Carmichael, GR; Horowitz, LW
2,007
A comprehensive group of reactive nitrogen species (NO, NO2, HNO3, HO2NO2, PANs, alkyl nitrates, and aerosol-NO3 -) were measured over North America during July/August 2004 from the NASA DC-8 platform (0.1-12 km). Nitrogen containing tracers of biomass combustion (HCN and CH3CN) were also measured along with a host of ...
0
491,693
Ultrafine particles produced by ozone/limonene reactions in indoor air under low/closed ventilation conditions
Langer, S; Moldanova, J; Arrhenius, K; Ljungstrom, E; Ekberg, L
2,008
Formation of ultrafine particles, d(p)< 100nm, from gas-phase reaction of limonene with 03 was studied. The concentration of reactants was chosen as close to realistic indoor conditions as possible. Two reaction chambers (I and 14 m(3)) were used. Particle number concentrations were measured using a CPC and size distri...
0
635,134
Delayed onset and diminished magnitude of rotavirus activity--United States, November 2007-May 2008
null
2,008
Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis among infants and young children, accounting for an estimated 527,000 deaths among children aged <5 years worldwide in 2004 (1,2). In the United States, rotavirus causes few deaths (20-60) each year, but remains a substantial cause of morbidity among childr...
0
191,654
Sap flow measurements as a basis for assessing trace-gas exchange of trees
Kostner, B; Matyssek, R; Heilmeier, H; Clausnitzer, F; Nunn, AJ; Wieser, G
2,008
The assessment of trace-gas uptake by plants is of basic interest in plant ecophysiology and atmospheric chemistry. For tall vegetation and extensive canopies micrometeorological methods and modelling of deposition or combinations of both are usually the methods of choice. However, distinguishing between the aerodynami...
0
622,688
Nonlinear time series analysis of ground-level ozone dynamics in Southern Taiwan
Weng, YC; Chang, NB; Lee, TY
2,008
Abstract: The ozone pollution at ground level in rural and urban areas has been a long-standing problem in the world. This paper focuses on estimating self-affined nature of nonlinearity of ground-level peak ozone time series, which is analyzed by two nonlinear fractal statistical methods, including R/S analysis and BD...
0
191,507
Long-term ozone effects on vegetation, microbial community and methane dynamics of boreal peatland microcosms in open-field conditions
Morsky, SK; Haapala, JK; Rinnan, R; Tiiva, P; Saarnio, S; Silvola, J; Holopainen, T; Martikainen, PJ
2,008
To study the effects of elevated ozone concentration on methane dynamics and a sedge species, Eriophorum vaginatum, we exposed peatland microcosms, isolated by coring from an oligotrophic pine fen, to double ambient ozone concentration in an open-air ozone exposure field for four growing seasons. The field consists of ...
1
191,238
Assessment of tropospheric ozone effects on citrus crops using passive samplers in a western Mediterranean area
Delgado-Saborit, JM; Esteve-Cano, VJ
2,008
This work assesses the effects caused by tropospheric ozone on citric crops in "La Plana de Castellon", a western Mediterranean area rich in orange orchards. Passive ozone samplers were used as an alternative tool to monitor the ozone levels, to assess the effects of ozone levels on citrus crops, and to estimate the pe...
0
617,597
Validation of tropospheric emission spectrometer ozone profiles with aircraft observations during the intercontinental chemical transport experiment-B
Richards, NAD; Osterman, GB; Browell, EV; Hair, JW; Avery, M; Qinbin, L
2,008
The tropospheric emission spectrometer (TES) is an infrared instrument that was launched on board NASA's Aura satellite in 2004. TES is the first instrument to provide vertical information on tropospheric ozone while simultaneously measuring CO on a global basis. Before they may be used for scientific study, TES profil...
1
597,548
Interleukin (IL)-1 regulates ozone-enhanced tracheal smooth muscle responsiveness by increasing substance P (SP) production in intrinsic airway neurons of ferret
Wu, ZX; Barker, JS; Batchelor, TP; Dey, RD
2,008
Exposure to ozone induces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) mediated partly by substance P (SP) released from nerve terminals of intrinsic airway neurons. Our recent studies showed that interleukin (IL)-1, an important multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine, increases synthesis and release of SP from intrinsic airway ...
1
191,264
Changes in soil microbial community structure under elevated tropospheric O3 and CO2
Kanerva, T; Palojarvi, A; Ramo, K; Manninen, S
2,008
We studied the effects of O-3 and CO2 alone and in combination on soil microbial communities by assessing the changes in total PLFA biomass, profiles and specific subgroups. Meadow mesocosms were exposed to slightly elevated O-3 (40-50 ppb) and CO2 (+100 PPM) in open-top chambers for three subsequent growing seasons (2...
1
668,903
Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on the behaviour of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Avoidance, feeding, and agonistic interactions
Holtby, LB; Bothwell, ML
2,008
The behaviour of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was observed in outdoor experimental flumes in which three different spectral regimes were created by plastic covers that selectively blocked all or portions of natural ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The three light treatments were (i) photosynthetically active...
1
615,534
Background ozone levels of air entering the west coast of the US and assessment of longer-term changes
Oltmans, SJ; Lefohn, AS; Harris, JM; Shadwick, DS
2,008
An analysis of surface ozone measurements at a west coast site in northern California (Trinidad Head) demonstrates that this location is well situated to sample air entering the west coast of the US from the Pacific Ocean. During the seasonal maximum in the spring, this location regularly observes hourly average ozone ...
1
695,334
Daily ozone forecasting in an urban area using meteorological and pollution data
Papanastasiou, DK; Melas, D
2,008
The objective of this paper is to develop and test an analytical model, relating the daily maximum hourly (DMH) values of ozone concentration with various meteorological and pollution variables. The goal is to provide quantitative 24-hours forecasts of maximum ozone concentration, based on meteorological parameter info...
0
191,428
Genotypic differences in leaf biochemical, physiological and growth responses to ozone in 20 winter wheat cultivars released over the past 60 years
Biswas, DK; Xu, H; Li, YG; Sun, JZ; Wang, XZ; Han, XG; Jiang, GM
2,008
Ozone (O-3) concentrations in periurban areas in East Asia are sufficiently high to decrease crop yield. However, little is known about the genotypic differences in O-3 sensitivity in winter wheat in relation to year of cultivar release. This paper reports genotypic variations in O-3 sensitivity in 20 winter wheat cult...
1
618,869
Seasonal and spatial patterns of mercury wet deposition in the United States: Constraints on the contribution from North American anthropogenic sources
Selin, NE; Jacob, DJ
2,008
Observed wet deposition fluxes of mercury in the United States show a maximum in the Southeast, and a consistent seasonal variation (maximum in summer, minimum in winter) that increases in amplitude from north to south. We simulate these patterns successfully with a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) inclu...
0
603,785
Chronic exposure of rana pipiens tadpoles to uvb radiation and the estrogenic chemical 4-tert-octylphenol
Croteau, MC; Martyniuk, CJ; Trudeau, VL; Lean, DRS
2,008
While adverse effects of exposure to ultraviolet B radiation (UVBR) and environmental pollutants on amphibians have been documented, few studies examined the effects of interactions between environmental stressors on amphibian health. Here the impacts of chronic exposure to UVBR and the estrogenic chemical 4-tert-octyl...
1
665,032
The potential role of background ozone on current and emerging air issues: An overview
Reid, N; Yap, D; Bloxam, R
2,008
It is now widely recognized that background ozone may form a significant part of the concentration and, thus, of the health and ecosystem impacts, experienced at many locations. This can be extremely important, as the background concentration is the level below which concentrations cannot be reduced by local efforts al...
1
196,931
Air pollution modifies floral scent trails
Mcfrederick, QS; Kathilankal, JC; Fuentes, JD
2,008
Floral hydrocarbons provide essential signals to attract pollinators. As soon as they are emitted to the atmosphere, however, hydrocarbons are destroyed by chemical reactions involving pollutants such as ozone. It is therefore likely that increased air pollution interferes with pollinator attracting hydrocarbon signals...
1
199,382
Physiological responses of Quercus ilex leaves to water stress and acute ozone exposure under controlled conditions
Vitale, M; Salvatori, E; Loreto, F; Fares, S; Manes, F
2,008
The combined effect of water stress and ozone (O-3) on stomatal O-3 flux, damage to photosynthesis, and detoxification by biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) in Quercus ilex leaves was studied. A 4-weeks O-3 exposure (250 ppb, 4 h per day) caused a reduction of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, which was ...
0
614,903
Validation of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) nadir ozone profiles using ozonesonde measurements
Nassar, R; Logan, JA; Worden, HM; Megretskaia, IA; Bowman, KW; Osterman, GB; Thompson, AM; Tarasick, DW; Austin, S; Claude, H; Dubey, MK; Hocking, WK; Johnson, BJ; Joseph, E; Merrill, J; Morris, GA; Newchurch, M; Oltmans, SJ; Posny, F; Schmidlin, FJ; Vomel, H; Whiteman, DN; Witte, JC
2,008
We compare Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) version 2 (V002) nadir ozone profiles with ozonesonde profiles from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study, the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Center, the Global Monitoring Division of the Earth System Research Laboratory, and th...
1
645,771
Ecological effects of roads on amphibians and reptiles: A literature review
Andrews, KM; Gibbons, JW; Jochimsen, DM
2,008
Roads are the ultimate manifestation of urbanization, providing an essential connectivity within and between rural and heavily populated areas. The ecological impacts roads have on herpetofauna across temporal and spatial scales are profound, beginning during the early stages of construction and progressing through to ...
1
668,921
Ecological modulation of environmental stress: Interactions between ultraviolet radiation, epibiotic snail embryos, plants and herbivores
Wahl, M
2,008
1. The distribution of egg masses of the freshwater snails Lymnaea stagnalis and Planorbarius corneus on the undersides of water lily leaves (e.g. Nuphar lutea) is related to the prevalence of the leaf-mining beetle Galerucella nymphaeae. 2. When given the choice, Planorbarius significantly avoids leaves that were infe...
1
191,321
The effect of leaf-level spatial variability in photosynthetic capacity on biochemical parameter estimates using the farquhar model: A theoretical analysis
Chen, CP; Zhu, XG; Long, SP
2,008
Application of the widely used Farquhar model of photosynthesis in interpretation of gas exchange data assumes that photosynthetic properties are homogeneous throughout the leaf. Previous studies showed that heterogeneity in stomatal conductance (g(s)) across a leaf could affect the shape of the measured leaf photosynt...
0
144,238
New Directions: Prospects for regional ozone in north-west Europe
Derwent, RG
2,008
null
0
96,484
Correlation of nitrogen dioxide with other traffic pollutants near a major expressway
Beckerman, B; Jerrett, M; Brook, JR; Verma, DK; Arain, MA; Finkelstein, MM
2,008
Objectives: This study addresses three objectives: (1) to assess the correlation of NO2 to other ambient pollutants measured with passive samplers; (2) to explore peak traffic particulate matter air pollution correlations with passively measured NO2; and (3) to pilot an advanced mobile air pollution laboratory to suppl...
1
668,914
Influence of ambient ultraviolet radiation on Bufo calamita egg development in a semiarid zone (Catalonia, Spain)
Oromi, N; Marquis, O; Miaud, C; Sanuy, D
2,008
Several experiments have shown that ambient ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) has negative effects on the development of amphibians'embtyos. We studied the effects of UV-B radiation on development, survival and frequency of deformity during egg development in the Natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) from a semiarid region of L...
1
631,188
Satellite measurements of the clear-sky greenhouse effect from tropospheric ozone
Worden, HM; Bowman, KW; Worden, JR; Eldering, A; Beer, R
2,008
Radiative forcing from anthropogenic ozone in the troposphere is an important factor in climate change, with an average value of 0.35Wm-2 according to the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC). IPCC model results range from 0.25 to 0.65Wm-2, owing to uncertainties in the estimates of pre-industrial concentr...
1
193,983
Within-urban variability in ambient air pollution: Comparison of estimation methods
Marshall, JD; Nethery, E; Brauer, M
2,008
An important component of air quality management and health risk assessment is improved understanding of spatial and temporal variability in pollutant concentrations. We compare, for Vancouver, Canada, three approaches for estimating within-urban spatiotemporal variability in ambient concentrations: spatial interpolati...
1
783,271
Lichen sensitivity to air pollution
Nash, TH III
2,008
null
1
628,565
Relative contributions of TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels in the activation of vagal bronchopulmonary C-fibres by the endogenous autacoid 4-oxononenal
Taylor-Clark, TE; Mcalexander, MA; Nassenstein, C; Sheardown, SA; Wilson, S; Thornton, J; Carr, MJ; Undem, BJ
2,008
Transient receptor potential (TRP) A1 channels are cation channels found preferentially on nociceptive sensory neurones, including capsaicin-sensitive TRPV1-expressing vagal bronchopulmonary C-fibres, and are activated by electrophilic compounds such as mustard oil and cinnamaldehyde. Oxidative stress, a pathological f...
1
486,686
The effect of lightning NOx production on surface ozone in the continental United States
Kaynak, B; Hu, Y; Martin, RV; Russell, AG; Choi, Y; Wang, Y
2,008
Lightning NOx emissions calculated using the US National Lightning Detection Network data were found to account for 30% of the total NOx emissions for July-August 2004, a period chosen both for having higher lightning NOx production and high ozone levels, thus maximizing the likelihood that such emissions could impact ...
1
191,646
Rice production in a changing climate: a meta-analysis of responses to elevated carbon dioxide and elevated ozone concentration
Ainsworth, EA
2,008
Rice is arguably the most important food source on the planet and is consumed by over half of the world's population. Considerable increases in yield are required over this century to continue feeding the world's growing population. This meta-analysis synthesizes the research to date on rice responses to two elements o...
1
613,861
Aerosol climate effects and air quality impacts from 1980 to 2030
Menon, S; Unger, N; Koch, D; Francis, J; Garrett, T; Sednev, I; Shindell, D; Streets, D
2,008
We investigate aerosol effects on climate for 1980, 1995 ( meant to reflect present day) and 2030 using the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies climate model coupled to an on-line aerosol source and transport model with interactive oxidant and aerosol chemistry. Aerosols simulated include sulfates, organic matter ...
1
110,057
An analysis of the spatial patterns of human health related surface ozone metrics across the UK in 1995, 2003 and 2005
Stedman, JR; Kent, AJ
2,008
Maps of a range of human health related surface ozone metrics for the UK have been generated using empirical measurements based models for the years 1995, 2003 and 2005. These years have been chosen to illustrate two recent years with higher and lower photochemical ozone contributions (2003 and 2005) and a year with hi...
1
199,238
Leaf level early assessment of ozone injuries by passive fluorescence and photochemical reflectance index
Meroni, M; Picchi, V; Rossini, M; Cogliati, S; Panigada, C; Nali, C; Lorenzini, G; Colombo, R
2,008
Excess energy dissipation pathways (heat and fluorescence) were monitored, at leaf level as indicators of plant physiological status, with field spectroscopy techniques on poplar clones subjected to ozone fumigation. Measurements of spectral radiance emerging from a leaf provide a fast, non-destructive method for the a...
0
511,886
Seasonal variations of microbial sulfate and iron reduction in alkaline Pb-Zn mine tailings (Ontario, Canada)
Praharaj, T; Fortin, D
2,008
Several studies have shown that SO4-reducing bacteria (SRB) are active in acidic sulfiderich mine tailings and sediments impacted by mining activities. SRB activity in acidic tailings has been shown to vary with seasons as a result of fluctuating in situ physico-chemical conditions. Iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB) also p...
0
157,075
Integrated science assessment for sulfur oxides: Health criteria
null
2,008
EPA has announced the release of the Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Sulfur Oxides ? Health Criteria final assessment. This ISA represents a concise synthesis and evaluation of the most policy-relevant science and will ultimately provide the scientific bases for EPA?s decision regarding whether the current stan...
1
191,222
Analysis of the effect of ozone on soybean in the Mediterranean region I: The consequences on crop-water status
Bou Jaoude, M; Katerji, N; Mastrorilli, M; Rana, G
2,008
This study was carried out over three successive years (2003-2004-2005) in the southern Mediterranean region of Europe. Soybean plants were subjected to well-watered and water-stress conditions, and three levels of ozone (zero, low and high) in open top chambers (OTC) during the,growing seasons. The paper has four obje...
1
595,100
Multiwavelength procedure for determining the concentration of near-ground ozone by an optical open-path measurement system
Bolot'ko, LM; Demin, VS; Krasovskii, AN; Lyudchik, AM; Pokatashkin, VI
2,008
We present a theoretical basis and develop a convenient mathematical formalism for carrying out a multiwavelength procedure for measuring the concentration of near-ground ozone by the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) open-path method. We have analyzed the effect on the measurement results from the di...
0
191,386
European surface ozone in the extreme summer 2003
Solberg, S; Hov, O; Sovde, A; Isaksen, ISA; Coddeville, P; De Backer, H; Forster, C; Orsolini, Y; Uhse, K
2,008
Measurements of ozone and other trace species in the European EMEP network in 2003 are presented. The European summer of 2003 was exceptionally warm, and the surface ozone data for central Europe show the highest values since the end of the 1980s. The 95th percentiles of daily maximum hourly ozone concentrations in 200...
0
191,757
Sources of particulate matter in the northeastern United States in summer: 1. Direct emissions and secondary formation of organic matter in urban plumes
de Gouw, JA; Brock, CA; Atlas, EL; Bates, TS; Fehsenfeld, FC; Goldan, PD; Holloway JS; Kuster, WC; Lerner, BM; Matthew, BM; Middlebrook, AM; Onasch, TB; Peltier, RE; Quinn, PK; Senff, CJ; Stohl, A; Sullivan, AP; Trainer, M; Warneke, C; Weber, RJ; Williams, EJ
2,008
Ship and aircraft measurements of aerosol organic matter (OM) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were made in fresh and aged pollution plumes from major urban areas in the northeastern United States in the framework of the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICAR...
1
595,116
Comparison of ground-based Brewer and FTIR total column O3 monitoring techniques
Schneider, M; Redondas, A; Hase, F; Guirado, C; Blumenstock, T; Cuevas, E
2,008
We compare the currently most precise, ground-based total O3 measurement techniques: Brewer and FTIR. We give an overview of the similarities and the differences between the measurements and the retrieval approaches of both experiments. We compare coincident measurements performed at the Atmospheric Observatory of Iza?...
0