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106,167
European characterization factors for human health damage of PM10 and ozone in life cycle impact assessment
van Zelm, R; Huijbregts, MAJ; Den Hollander, HA; van Jaarsveld, HA; Sauter, FJ; Struijs, J; van Wijnen, HJ; van De Meent, D
2,008
This paper presents characterization factors (CFs) for human health effects of fine particulate (PM10) and ozone in Europe for the purpose of life cycle impact assessment. The CFs express the change in disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of European inhabitants due to a change in emissions of PM10, ammonia (NH3), ni...
0
191,591
Ozone sensitivity of 28 plant selections exposed to ozone under controlled conditions
Kline, LJ; Davis, DD; Skelly, JM; Savage, JE; Ferdinand, J
2,008
Ambient, ground-level ozone is the most important air pollutant affecting vegetation in the US. However, ozone-sensitive bioindicators need to be identified for use in field surveys to detect ozone-induced symptoms. To identify such bioindicators, 28 plant selections were exposed to ozone within greenhouse chambers dur...
1
195,851
A review of land-use regression models to assess spatial variation of outdoor air pollution
Hoek, G; Beelen, R; de Hoogh, K; Vienneau, D; Gulliver, J; Fischer, P; Briggs, D
2,008
Studies on the health effects of long-term average exposure to outdoor air pollution have played an important role in recent health impact assessments. Exposure assessment for epidemiological studies of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution remains a difficult challenge because of substantial small-scale spatial ...
1
668,922
Spatial and temporal variability of solar ultraviolet exposure of coral assemblages in the Florida Keys: Importance of colored dissolved organic matter
Zepp, RG; Shank, GC; Stabenau, E; Patterson, KW; Cyterski, M; Fisher, W; Bartels, E; Anderson, SL
2,008
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation can have deleterious effects on coral assemblages in tropical and subtropical marine environments, but little information is available on UV penetration into ocean waters surrounding corals. Here we provide an extensive data set of optical properties in the UV domain (280[en] 400 nm) th...
1
191,571
Ozone effects on high light-induced photoinhibition in Phaseolus vulgaris
Guidi, L; Degl'lnnocenti, E
2,008
In this study the response to photoinhibition of photosynthesis and subsequent recovery was examined in plants of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar 'Pinto' exposed to charcoal-filtered air or to ozone (O-3) at 150 nL L-1 either for 3 h, or for 5 h. The responses were analysed using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and by ...
1
668,898
Response of Antarctic phytoplankton to solar UVR exposure: Inhibition and recovery of photosynthesis in coastal and pelagic assemblages
Fritz, JJ; Neale, PJ; Davis, RF; Peloquin, JA
2,008
We examined ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced inhibition and recovery of Antarctic phytoplankton photosynthesis during the austral spring in surface coastal waters near Palmer Stn and in the open ocean waters of the Weddell-Scotia Confluence from 1997 to 1999. Primary productivity was measured in 12 h time-course exp...
1
607,142
Crystal structures, bioactivities and fluorescent properties of four diverse complexes with a new symmetric benzimidazolic ligand
Guo, CY; Wang, YY; Xu, KZ; Zhu, HL; Liu, P; Shi, QZ; Peng, SM
2,008
A new ligand, pyridine-3,5-bis(benzimidazole-2-yl) (pbb), and four complexes containing pbb, namely [pbb(Hpbb)(2)]SO(4)center dot 7H(2)o (1), [Zn(pbb)(2)(H(2)O)(4)](NO(3))(2) center dot 2C(2)H(5)OH center dot 4H(2)O (2), [Cd(pbb)(2)(H(2)O)(4)](NO(3))(2)center dot 2C(2)H(5)OH center dot 4H(2)O (3) and [Zn(2)(pbb)(2)([L-...
0
668,893
Grain yield and quality of wheat under increased ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) at later stages of the crop cycle
Calderini, DF; Lizana, XC; Hess, S; Jobet, CR; Zuniga, JA
2,008
The increase of ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation could be a challenge for wheat production systems in Southern Chile, as in other areas. Previous reports have shown that increased UV-B radiation decreases wheat yield by affecting both grain number and grain weight. However, contrasting results have also been published show...
1
617,638
Where do fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions from California go? An analysis based on radiocarbon observations and an atmospheric transport model
Riley, WJ; Hsueh, DY; Randerson, JT; Fischer, ML; Hatch, JG; Pataki, DE; Wang, W; Goulden, ML
2,008
Characterizing flow patterns and mixing of fossil fuel-derived CO2 is important for effectively using atmospheric measurements to constrain emissions inventories. Here we used measurements and a model of atmospheric radiocarbon (C-14) to investigate the distribution and fluxes of atmospheric fossil fuel CO2 across the ...
0
629,684
Effects of 2000-2050 global change on ozone air quality in the United States
Wu, S; Mickley, LJ; Leibensperger, EM; Jacob, DJ; Rind, D; Streets, DG
2,008
We investigate the effects on U.S. ozone air quality from 2000-2050 global changes in climate and anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors by using a global chemical transport model (GEOS?Chem) driven by meteorological fields from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model (NASA/GISS GCM)...
1
191,519
A modeling study of the impact of natural and urban forest on ambient ozone
Kim, KJ; Kim, YJ; Ma, YI; Kim, JC; Sunwoo, Y
2,008
Impact estimation of biogenic VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) to control ambient ozone is needed. For this, BVOCs emission is calculated by using BEIS, and the impact of ozone is estimated with UAM in the research area, Daegu metropolitan city. It is estimated that 59 ppb and 50 ppb of ozone concentration is caused b...
0
190,084
Effects of using the CB05 vs. SAPRC99 vs. CB4 chemical mechanism on model predictions: Ozone and gas-phase photochemical precursor concentrations
Luecken, DJ; Phillips, S; Sarwar, G; Jang, C
2,008
A three-dimensional air quality model is used to examine the magnitude and spatial distribution of differences in predictions among three chemical mechanisms that are used for regulatory and research modeling. The Carbon Bond mechanism CB05 is compared to an earlier version, CB4, to assess how much changes due to an up...
1
199,409
Observation of hydrogen peroxide concentrations in a Japanese red pine forest
Chen, X; Aoki, M; Zhang, SX; Zhang, JH; Nozoe, S; Komori, D; Takami, A; Hatakeyama, S
2,008
In order to study the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the factors controlling its concentrations, we monitored concentrations of H2O2 and other gases such as sulfur dioxide, ozone, and NOx as well as meteorological factors such as air temperature, relative humidity, and wind direction/speed during eight ...
0
191,253
Biogenic versus anthropogenic sources of CO in the United States
Hudman, RC; Murray, LT; Jacob, DJ; Millet, DB; Turquety, S; Wu, S; Blake, DR; Goldstein, AH; Holloway, J; Sachse, GW
2,008
Aircraft observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the ICARTT campaign over the eastern United States in summer 2004 ( July 1-August 15), interpreted with a global 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem), show that the national anthropogenic emission inventory from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (93 ...
1
679,712
Linking global to regional models to assess future climate impacts on surface ozone levels in the United States
Nolte, CG; Gilliland, AM; Hogrefe, C; Mickley, LJ
2,008
We investigate the impact of climate change on future air quality in the United States with a coupled global/regional scale modeling system. Regional climate model scenarios developed by dynamically downscaling outputs from the GISS GCM are used by CMAQ to simulate present air pollution climatology, and modeled surface...
1
620,112
Environmental burden of disease due to transportation noise in Flanders (Belgium)
Stassen, KR; Collier, P; Torfs, R
2,008
Exposure to environmental noise due to transport affects public health. Cardiovascular diseases, sleep disturbance and annoyance are the most-reported harmful effects of noise exposure. Here, the burden of disease due to transportation noise in Flanders is quantified based on the disability adjusted life year methodolo...
0
190,039
Effects of 2000-2050 changes in climate and emissions on global tropospheric ozone and the policy-relevant background surface ozone in the United States
Wu, S; Mickley, LJ; Jacob, DJ; Rind, D; Streets, DG
2,008
We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) driven by a general circulation model (NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies GCM) to investigate the effects of 2000-2050 global change in climate and emissions (the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B scenario) on the global tropospheric ozone budget an...
1
199,812
The grain quality of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation to elevated ozone uptake and carbon dioxide exposure
Piikki, K; De Temmerman, L; Ojanpera, K; Danielsson, H; Pleijel, H
2,008
Ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) effects on the quality of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated. The dataset originated from 13 European open-top chamber experiments, including three countries, 10 years and four cultivars. The O3 exposure significantly reduced the protein yield, even though the grain p...
1
191,853
Independent, interactive, and species-specific responses of leaf litter decomposition to elevated CO2 and O3 in a northern hardwood forest
Parsons, WFJ; Bockheim, JG; Lindroth, RL
2,008
The future capacity of forest ecosystems to sequester atmospheric carbon is likely to be influenced by CO2-mediated shifts in nutrient cycling through changes in litter chemistry, and by interactions with pollutants like O3. We evaluated the independent and interactive effects of elevated CO2 (560 ?l l?1) and O3 (55 nl...
1
668,909
Developmental responses to UV-B radiation in common frog Rana temporaria embryos from along an altitudinal gradient
Marquis, O; Miaud, C; Lena, JP
2,008
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is harmful for developing amphibians. As UV increases with altitude and latitude, it is suggested that high altitude and latitude populations have evolved tolerance to high levels of UV. Using laboratory experiments, we tested the hypothesis that Rana temporaria populations from several...
1
191,220
Analysis of molecular markers in three different tomato cultivars exposed to ozone stress
Marco, F; Calvo, E; Carrasco, P; Sanz, MJ
2,008
Three differentially expressed cDNAs have been isolated from ozone treated tomato seedlings. Their level of expression after ozone exposure has been analysed in three tomato cultivars with different sensitivity to ozone (Nikita, Alisa Craig and Valenciano). These comparative analyses have been extended to a number of g...
0
153,910
Evidence of increased mass fraction of NO2 within real-world NOx emissions of modern light vehicles - derived from a reliable online measuring method
Alvarez, R; Weilenmann, M; Favez, JY
2,008
Ambient roadside concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have stabilized in recent years while concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) decline. Oxidation catalytic converters of modern vehicles facilitating the formation of NO2 in the exhaust line, especially in diesel cars equipped with original equipment manufacture...
0
191,616
Polyamines and abiotic stress: Recent advances
Groppa, MD; Benavides, MP
2,008
In this review we will concentrate in the results published the last years regarding the involvement of polyamines in the plant responses to abiotic stresses, most remarkably on salt and drought stress. We will also turn to other types of abiotic stresses, less studied in relation to polyamine metabolism, such as miner...
1
595,175
Application of a long-path differential optical absorption spectrometer (LP-DOAS) on the measurements of NO(2), SO(2), O(3), and HNO(2) in Gwangju, Korea
Lee, J; Kim, KH; Kim, YJ; Lee, J
2,008
A differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS) technique has been applied to monitor airborne trace pollutants including NO(2), SO(2), O(3), and HNO(2) in the ultraviolet (UV) region (290-350 nm) over a 1.5 km beam path (two ways) during an intensive measurement campaign held at Gwangju, Korea (March 2002). Thei...
1
191,453
Impact of elevated ozone concentration on growth, physiology, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A meta-analysis
Feng, ZZ; Kobayashi, K; Ainsworth, EA
2,008
We quantitatively evaluated the effects of elevated concentration of ozone (O-3) on growth, leaf chemistry, gas exchange, grain yield, and grain quality relative to carbon-filtered air (CF) by means of meta-analysis of published data. Our database consisted of 53 peer-reviewed studies published between 1980 and 2007, t...
1
193,749
Characterizing the tropospheric ozone response to methane emission controls and the benefits to climate and air quality
Fiore, AM; West, JJ; Horowitz, LW; Naik, V; Schwartzkopf, MD
2,008
Reducing methane (CH4) emissions is an attractive option for jointly addressing climate and ozone (O-3) air quality goals. With multidecadal full-chemistry transient simulations in the MOZART-2 tropospheric chemistry model, we show that tropospheric O-3 responds approximately linearly to changes in CH4 emissions over a...
1
191,718
Water-use efficiency of forest ecosystems in eastern China and its relations to climatic variables
Yu, GR; Song, X; Wang, QF; Liu, YF; Guan, DX; Yan, JH; Sun, XM; Zhang, LM; Wen, XF
2,008
Carbon (C) and water cycles of terrestrial ecosystems are two coupled ecological processes controlled partly by stomatal behavior. Water-use efficiency (WUE) reflects the coupling relationship to some extent. At stand and ecosystem levels, the variability of WUE results from the trade-off between water loss and C gain ...
0
606,585
Dynamic evaluation of regional air quality models: Assessing changes in O3 stemming from changes in emissions and meteorology
Gilliland, AB; Hogrefe, C; Pinder, RW; Godowitch, JM; Foley, KL; Rao, ST
2,008
Regional-scale air quality models are used to estimate the response of air pollutants to potential emission control strategies as part of the decision-making process. Traditionally, the model-predicted pollutant concentrations are evaluated for the "base case" to assess a model's ability to reproduce past observations....
1
191,276
Comparison of a diurnal vs steady-state ozone exposure profile on growth and yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in open-top chambers in the Yangtze Delta, China
Wang, X; Zheng, Q; Feng, Z; Xie, J; Feng, Z; Ouyang, Z; Manning, WJ
2,008
Most available exposure-response relationships for assessing crop loss due to elevated ozone (O-3) have been established using data from chamber and open-top chamber experiments. using a simulated constant O-3 concentration exposure (square wave), which is not consistent with the diurnal variation of O-3 concentration ...
0
191,312
Early vigor and ozone response in horseweed (Conyza canadensis) biotypes differing in glyphosate resistance
Grantz, DA; Shrestha, A; Vu, HB
2,008
Horseweed has become increasingly difficult to control in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California. Resistance to glyphosate may not fully explain the quasi-invasive behavior of this native species. We contrast glyphosate-resistant (GR) and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) horseweed biotypes for vigor during the vegetativ...
0
199,260
Greenhouse gas fluxes from natural ecosystems
Dalal, RC; Allen, DE
2,008
Besides water vapour, greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, O-3 and N2O contribute similar to 60%, 20%, 10% and 6% to global warming, respectively; minor contribution is made by chlorofluorocarbons and volatile organic compounds (VOC). We present CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes from natural and relatively unmanaged soil-plant ecosystems ...
0
596,413
Disturbance of functional properties of fibrinogen under ozone oxidation
Rozenfeld, MA; Leonova, VB; Konstantinova, ML; Razumovskii, SD; Makarov, VA; Nevedrova, OE; Belozerskaja, GG
2,008
null
1
651,886
Comment on "Hypothesis - Ultraviolet-B Irradiance and Vitamin D Reduce the Risk of Viral Infections and thus their Sequelae, Including Autoimmune Diseases and some Cancers" by W.B. Grant, Photochem. photobiol. (2007)
Norval, M; Woods, GM
2,008
null
0
191,286
Concentration gradients of ozone and other trace gases in and above cereal canopies
Pleijel, H
2,008
The concentration of ozone (O-3) above and within a barley canopy and a wheat canopy was studied. Compared to the concentration at 1.1 m above the ground (0.1 m above the 1 m tall canopy), the concentration within the canopy (0.3 m above ground) was typically reduced by approximately 20 % during the day and 40 % during...
0
137,411
Origins of chemical pollution derived from Mid-Atlantic aircraft profiles using a clustering technique
Hains, JC; Taubman, BF; Thompson, AM; Stehr, JW; Marufu, LT; Doddridge, BG; Dickerson, RR
2,008
Upwind sources of NOx and SO2 play a crucial role in the amount of O3 and aerosols in the lower troposphere in the Mid-Atlantic US. This paper describes a novel method of clustering trace gas and aerosol profiles allowing for the quantification of the relationship between point sources and pollution levels. This improv...
1
191,720
Wood properties of trembling aspen and paper birch after 5 years of exposure to elevated concentrations of CO2 and O-3
Kostiainen, K; Kaakinen, S; Warsta, E; Kubiske, ME; Nelson, ND; Sober, J; Karnosky, DF; Saranpaa, P; Vapaavuori, E
2,008
We investigated the interactive effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide ([CO2]) and ozone ([O-3]) on radial growth, wood chemistry and structure of five 5-year-old trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones and the wood chemistry of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.). Material for the study wa...
0
606,530
Ozone in ambient air at a tropical megacity, Delhi: characteristics, trends and cumulative ozone exposure indices
Ghude, SD; Jain, SL; Arya, BC; Beig, G; Ahammed, YN; Kumar, A; Tyagi, B
2,008
Seven year data of hourly surface ozone concentration is analyzed to study diurnal cycle, trends, excess of ozone levels above threshold value and cumulative ozone exposure indices at a tropical megacity, Delhi. The ozone levels clearly exhibit a diurnal cycle, similar to what has been found in other urban places. A sh...
0
191,367
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone alter forest insect abundance and community composition
Hillstrom, ML; Lindroth, RL
2,008
1. Human-induced climate changes threaten the health of forest ecosystems. In particular, carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric ozone (O-3) will likely have significant but opposing impacts on forests and their associated insect communities. Compared with other animal groups, insect communities are expected to be espec...
1
624,402
Transpacific transport of ozone pollution and the effect of recent Asian emission increases on air quality in North America: An integrated analysis using satellite, aircraft, ozonesonde, and surface observations
Zhang, L; Jacob, DJ; Boersma, KF; Jaffe, DA; Olson, , JR; Bowman, KW; Worden, , JR; Thompson, AM; Avery, MA; Cohen, RC; Dibb, JE; Flock, FM; Fuelberg, HE; Huey, LG; Mcmillan, WW; Singh, HB; Weinheimer, AJ
2,008
We use an ensemble of aircraft, satellite, sonde, and surface observations for April-May 2006 (NASA/INTEX-B aircraft campaign) to better understand the mechanisms for transpacific ozone pollution and its implications for North American air quality. The observations are interpreted with a global 3-D chemical transport m...
1
191,429
Genotypic variation in tolerance to elevated ozone in rice: Dissection of distinct genetic factors linked to tolerance mechanisms
Frei, M; Tanaka, JP; Wissuwa, M
2,008
Tropospheric ozone concentrations are increasing in many Asian countries and are expected to reach levels that adversely affect crop production. Developing ozone-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties is therefore essential to prevent yield losses in the future. The aims of this study were to assess genotypic variat...
0
665,052
2005 National Emissions Inventory: Data and documentation
null
2,008
EPA developed the 2005 NEI v2 based on a reduced level of effort. Part of this reduced effort involved using some NEI 2002 v3 data in the NEI 2005 v2 as surrogates for emissions data representing 2005. Listed below is specific information on this issue for each data category in the 2005 NEI v2.
1
655,493
Sunlight, UV-radiation, vitamin D and skin cancer: How much sunlight do we need?
Holick, MF
2,008
Vitamin D is the sunshine vitamin for good reason. During exposure to sunlight, the the, ultraviolet B photons enter the skin and photolyze 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D-3 which in turn is isomerized by the body's temperature to vitamin D-3. Most humans have depended on sun for their vitamin D requirement. Skin ...
0
619,959
Identification of regions with high ozone concentrations aiming the impact assessment on childhood asthma
Sousa, SIV; Pereira, MMC; Martins, FG; Alvim-Ferraz, CM
2,008
High concentrations of near-surface ozone are known to have negative impacts on human health, especially among risk groups such as persons with respiratory problems, children, and the elderly. The aim of this work was to identify regions with high ozone concentrations and very low concentrations of other pollutants, wh...
1
651,901
Vitamin D status in kidney transplant patients: Need for intensified routine supplementation
Ewers, B; Gasbjerg, A; Moelgaard, C; Frederiksen, AM; Marckmann, P
2,008
Background: A high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency has been found in the general population and in patients with chronic kidney disease. Objective: The aim was to examine vitamin D status and determinants and metabolic correlates of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a population of adult Danish kidney transplant patie...
0
193,927
Remote sensing of tropospheric pollution from space
Fishman, J; Bowman, KW; Burrows, JP; Richter, A; Chance, KV; Edwards, DP; Martin, RV; Morris, GA; Pierce, RB; Ziemke, JR; Al-Saadi, JA; Creilson, JK; Schaack, TK; Thompson, AM
2,008
We review the progress of tropospheric trace gas observations and address the need for additional measurement capabilities as recommended by the National Research Council. Tropospheric measurements show pollution in the Northern Hemisphere as a result of fossil fuel burning and a strong seasonal dependence with the lar...
1
191,689
Summertime elemental mercury exchange of temperate grasslands on an ecosystem-scale
Fritsche, J; Wohlfahrt, G; Ammann, C; Zeeman, M; Hammerle, A; Obrist, D; Alewell, C
2,008
In order to estimate the air-surface mercury exchange of grasslands in temperate climate regions, fluxes of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) were measured at two sites in Switzerland and one in Austria during summer 2006. Two classic micrometeorological methods (aerodynamic and modified Bowen ratio) have been applied to...
0
668,916
Effects of irradiation conditions on the weathering of engineering thermoplastics
Pickett, JE; Gibson, DA; Gardner, MM
2,008
The nature of the light source and its intensity can be important variables in accelerated weathering of aromatic engineering thermoplastics. Activation spectra show that BPA polycarbonate (PC) and its blends are very sensitive to UV with wavelengths <300 nm, as is well-known in the literature, but other resins gave un...
1
191,770
Modeling urban and regional aerosols: Development of the UCD Aerosol Module and implementation in CMAQ model
Zhang, K; Wexler, A
2,008
This paper presents a mechanistic, fully dynamic, internally mixed, sectional aerosol module, the UCD Aerosol Module, which evolves from the Aerosol Inorganic Model (AIM). The UCD Aerosol Module employs three gas-to-particle mass transport schemes, replacement, coupled and uncoupled, and simplified aerosol thermodynami...
1
191,290
Constitutive and herbivore-inducible glucosinolate concentrations in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) leaves are not affected by Bt Cry1Ac insertion but change under elevated atmospheric CO2 and O-3
Himanen, SJ; Nissinen, A; Auriola, S; Poppy, GM; Stewart, CN; Holopainen, JK; Nerg, AM
2,008
Glucosinolates are plant secondary compounds involved in direct chemical defence by cruciferous plants against herbivores. The glucosinolate profile can be affected by abiotic and biotic environmental stimuli. We studied changes in glucosinolate patterns in leaves of non-transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. ole...
0
191,495
Isoprene emission rates under elevated CO2 and O-3 in two field-grown aspen clones differing in their sensitivity to O-3
Calfapietra, C; Mugnozza, GS; Karnosky, DF; Loreto, F; Sharkey, TD
2,008
Isoprene is the most important nonmethane hydrocarbon emitted by plants. The role of isoprene in the plant is not entirely understood but there is evidence that it might have a protective role against different oxidative stresses originating from heat shock and/or exposure to ozone (O-3). Thus, plants under stress cond...
0
139,006
Modeling assessment of point source NOx emission reductions on ozone air quality in the eastern United States
Godowitch, JM; Gilliland, AB; Draxler, RR; Rao, ST
2,008
This study investigates the effects of reductions in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from major point sources on daily maximum 8-h ozone concentrations in the eastern United States. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was utilized in photochemical simulations on a matrix of modeling scenarios permitting an...
1
668,917
Suspended sediments in river ecosystems: Photochemical sources of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, and adsorptive removal of dissolved iron
Riggsbee, JA; Orr, CH; Leech, DM; Doyle, MW; Wetzel, RG
2,008
We generated suspended sediment solutions using river sediments and river water at concentrations similar to those observed during 1.5 year floods (Q(1.5)) and a dam removal (similar to 325 mg L-1) on the Deep River, North Carolina. Suspended sediment solutions were exposed to simulated solar radiation, equivalent to o...
1
156,742
Estimating the impact of the 2004 Alaskan forest fires on episodic particulate matter pollution over the eastern United States through assimilation of satellite-derived aerosol optical depths in a regional air quality model
Mathur, R
2,008
During the summer of 2004, extensive wildfires burned in Alaska and western Canada; the fires were the largest on record for Alaska. Smoke from these fires was observed over the continental United States in satellite images, and a variety of chemical tracers associated with the fires were sampled by aircrafts deployed ...
1
157,073
Integrated science assessment for oxides of nitrogen ? Health criteria (Final report, 2008)
null
2,008
The Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Oxides of Nitrogen ? Health Criteria document represents a concise synthesis and evaluation of the most policy-relevant science and will ultimately provide the scientific bases for EPA?s decision regarding whether the current standard for NO2 sufficiently protects public heal...
1
718,294
Assessment of the hyperaccumulating lead capacity of Salvinia minima using bioadsorption and intracellular accumulation factors
Sanchez-Galvan, G; Monroy, O; Gomez, J; Olguin, EJ
2,008
Salvinia minima has been reported as a cadmium and lead hyperaccumulator being the adsorption and intracellular accumulation the main uptake mechanisms. However, its physicochemical properties, the effect of metal concentration and the presence of organic and inorganic compounds on its hyperaccumulating capacity ...
0
631,174
Strong sensitivity of late 21st century climate to projected changes in short-lived air pollutants
Levy, H; Schwaarzkopf, MD; Horowitz, L; Ramaswamy, V; Findell, KL
2,008
This study examines the impact of projected changes (A1B ?marker? scenario) in emissions of four short-lived air pollutants (ozone, black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate) on future climate. Through year 2030, simulated climate is only weakly dependent on the projected levels of short-lived air pollutants, primarily...
1
199,795
Stomatal-scale modelling of the competition between ozone sinks at the air-leaf interface
Altimir, N; Vesala, T; Aalto, T; Back, J; Hari, P
2,008
This paper analyses the existence and relative strength of ozone (O3) sinks at the leaf level, in particular the implications for the partition of the O3 flux amongst the several physically, chemically and physiologically differing inner and outer surfaces of a leaf. We used a single-stomatal scale theoretical model to...
0
668,902
Litter decomposition in a california annual grassland: Interactions between photodegradation and litter layer thickness
Henry, HAL; Brizgys, K; Field, CB
2,008
In annual grasslands that experience a mediterranean-type climate, the synchrony between plant senescence and peak solar radiation over summer results in high litter sun exposure. We examined the decomposition of both shaded and sun-exposed litter over summer and inferred the effects of photodegradation from changes in...
1
609,792
Relaxation effects and high sensitivity photoacoustic detection of NO2 with a blue laser diode
Kalkman, J; van Kesteren, HW
2,008
A detection limit of 200 ppt of NO(2) in N(2) at atmospheric pressure was obtained with a photoacoustic detector and a high power blue laser diode. This corresponds to a normalized noise (1 sigma) equivalent absorption coefficient of 2x10(-9) cm(-1)W/Hz(0.5). Measurements at different laser modulation frequencies showe...
0
199,265
The open-top chamber impact on vapour pressure deficit and its consequences for stomatal ozone uptake
Piikki, K; De Temmerman, L; Hogy, P; Pleijel, H
2,008
The vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in open-top chambers (OTCs) was analysed in relation to time of day and ambient meteorology. Effects of observed VPD differences (Delta VPD) between OTCs and the ambient air (AA) on stomatal conductance (g(s)) were simulated using 10 model functions from the literature. The dataset ori...
1
96,749
Effects of the biodiesel blend fuel on aldehyde emissions from diesel engine exhaust
Peng, CY; Yang, HH; Lan, CH; Chien, SM
2,008
Interest in use of biodiesel fuels derived from vegetable oils or animal fats as alternative fuels for petroleum-based diesels has increased due to biodiesels having similar properties of those of diesels, and characteristics of renewability, biodegradability and potential beneficial effects on exhaust emissions. Gener...
0
694,628
Indoor pollutants emitted by office equipment: A review of reported data and information needs
Destaillats, H; Maddalena, RL; Singer, BC; Hodgson, AT; Mckone, TE
2,008
Computers, printers, copier machines and other electronic equipment are a common part of the home and office environments. However, human exposure to potentially harmful pollutants emitted from office equipment has not been systematically evaluated, and is currently not well understood. Ill this review, we summarize av...
0
595,150
Comparison of total column ozone data from ground-based MFRSR measurements taken in the southern U.S. region with OMI satellite retrievals
Williams, QL; Reddy, RS; Liu, H; Benjamin, MS; Lu, D; Greene, KM
2,008
A study of total column ozone (TCO) measurement data taken with a network of ground-based MultiFilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometers (MFRSR) compared with data retrieved from the satellite-based Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) shows an average positive bias of 3.04% ? 1.7% under all sky days. The MFRSR station-to-st...
0
191,617
Predicted change in global secondary organic aerosol concentrations in response to future climate, emissions, and land use change
Heald, CL; Henze, DK; Horowitz, LW; Feddema, J; Lamarque, JF; Guenther, A; Hess, PG; Vitt, F; Seinfeld, JH; Goldstein, AH; Fung, I
2,008
The sensitivity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentration to changes in climate and emissions is investigated using a coupled global atmosphere-land model driven by the year 2100 IPCC A1B scenario predictions. The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3) is updated with recent laboratory determined yields for SOA forma...
1
199,850
Could the differences in O3 sensitivity between two poplar clones be related to a difference in antioxidant defense and secondary metabolic response to O3 influx?
Di Baccio, D; Castagna, A; Paoletti, E; Sebastiani, L; Ranieri, A
2,008
Increasing global background concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O3) are expected to affect both crops and forest ecosystems negatively. The phytotoxic effects of O3 are mainly associated with the O3-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess of the ability of the plant to maintain ROS below the to...
1
191,626
Proteome analysis of proteins responsive to ambient and elevated ozone in rice seedlings
Feng, YW; Komatsu, S; Furukawa, T; Koshiba, T; Kohno, Y
2,008
Ozone is a major gaseous pollutant that induces crop loss. Although the physiological and morphological responses of crops to ambient ozone have been well characterized, little is known about the protein responses. We firstly investigated the protein responses in rice seedlings under ambient and elevated ozone stress b...
1
596,431
Ozone in the troposphere: Measurements, climatology, budget, and trends
Tarasick, DW; Slater, R
2,008
An improved understanding of the global tropospheric ozone budget has recently become of great interest, both in Canada and elsewhere. Improvements in both modelling and measurement have made it possible for weather centres to begin to forecast air quality using numerical weather prediction models. Despite substantial ...
1
191,561
Ozone and density affect the response of biomass and seed yield to elevated CO2 in rice
Reid, CD; Fiscus, EL
2,008
Tropospheric O-3 reduces growth and yield of many crop species, whereas CO2 ameliorates the negative effects of O-3. Thus, in a combined elevated CO2 and O-3 atmosphere, seed yield is at least restored to that of charcoal-filtered (CF) air at ambient CO2. The CO2-induced yield increase in CF air is highly variable, sug...
0
694,722
[Effect of air pollution upon the hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract infections among the Bucharest municipality's residents]
Ion-Nedelcu, N; Nitescu, M; Caian, M; Bacruban, R; Ceausu, E
2,008
OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the short-term association between exposure to outdoor air pollution and hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in the Bucharest municipality'spopulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relation exposure--health effect has been explored through linear regression upon time series,...
0
488,342
Technical note: Quantification of interferences of wet chemical HONO LOPAP measurements under simulated polar conditions
Kleffmann, J; Wiesen, P
2,008
In the present pilot study, an optimized LOPAP instrument (LOng Path Absorption Photometer) for the detection of nitrous acid (HONO) in the atmosphere (DL 0.2 pptV) was tested at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch at 3580 m altitude in the Swiss Alps under conditions comparable to polar regions. HONO concent...
1
195,326
Ageing studies of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber/styrene butadiene rubber blends: effects of heat, ozone, gamma radiation, and water
Nair, TM; Kumaran, MG; Unnikrishnan, G; Kunchand, S
2,008
The ageing behavior due to the effects of heat, ozone, gamma- radiation, and water on ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (EPDM/SBR) blends was studied. The tensile strength, crack initiation, ozone ageing, gamma radiation, and water resistance of the blends were measured and used to determ...
0
191,190
National air quality: Status and trends through 2007
null
2,008
This summary report highlights EPA's most recent evaluation of the status and trends in our nation's air quality.
1
595,123
Performance of the ground-based total ozone network assessed using satellite data
Fioletov, VE; Labow, G; Evans, R; Hare, EW; Kohler, U; McElroy, CT; Miyagawa, K; Redondas, A; Savastiouk, V; Shalamyansky, AM; Staehelin, J; Vanicek, K; Weber, M
2,008
Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometer and filter ozonometer data available from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Centre (WOUDC) were compared with satellite total ozone measurements from TOMS (onboard Nimbus 7, Meteor 3, and Earth Probe satellites), OMI (AURA satellite) and GOME (ERS-2 satellite) instruments. Five ch...
0
631,186
Air pollution radiative forcing from specific emissions sectors at 2030
Unger, N; Shindell, DT; Koch, DM; Streets, DG
2,008
Reduction of short?lived air pollutants can contribute to mitigate global warming in the near?term with ancillary benefits to human health. However, the radiative forcings of short?lived air pollutants depend on the location and source type of the precursor emissions. We apply the Goddard Institute for Space Studies at...
1
618,491
A comparison of CMAQ HONO predictions with observations from the Northeast Oxidant and Particle Study
Sarwar, G; Roselle, SJ; Mathur, R; Appel, W; Dennis, RL; Vogel, B
2,008
Predictions of nitrous acid from the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system are compared with the measurements from the 2001 Northeast Oxidant and Particle Study. Four different sources of nitrous acid were considered in the study: gas-phase reactions, direct emissions, a heterogeneous reaction, and a surface...
1
595,158
Evaluation of ozone measurements from a tethered balloon-sampling platform at South Pole Station in December 2003
Johnson, BJ; Helmig, D; Oltmans, SJ
2,008
Vertical boundary-layer ozone profiles were measured from a tethered balloon platform during the 2003 Antarctic Tropospheric Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI) at South Pole Station, Antarctica. Electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes were used in obtaining 128 ascent and descent profile measurements to about...
0
93,209
Ground-level nitrogen dioxide concentrations inferred from the satellite-borne ozone monitoring instrument
Lamsal, LN; Martin, RV; van Donkelaar, A; Steinbacher, M; Celarier, EA; Bucsela, E; Dunlea, EJ; Pinto, JP
2,008
We present an approach to infer ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations by applying local scaling factors from a global three-dimensional model (GEOS-Chem) to tropospheric NO2 columns retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the Aura satellite. Seasonal mean OMI surface NO2 derived from t...
0
123,111
Weekly cycles in fine particulate nitrate
Millstein, DE; Harley, RA; Hering, SV
2,008
Atmospheric responses to changes in emissions are a complex but central issue in control strategy design for pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter. Here, we investigate fine particle nitrate response to weekly cycles in emissions, which includes a large decrease in diesel NOx emissions among other changes. Ni...
0
694,533
Concentrations of VOCs and ozone in indoor environments: A case study in two Mediteranean cities during winter period
Bartzis, JG; Michael, C; Michaelidou, S; Missia, DA; Saraga, DE; Tolis, EI; Psoma, S; Petaloti, C; Kotzias, D; Barero-Moreno, JM
2,008
Building materials represent the largest surfaces indoors and are the major contributors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the indoor environment. This study which is conducted in the frame of BUMA project (Prioritization of Building Materials Emissions), aims at assessing the human exposure to air hazards emitte...
0
155,980
Examples of scale interactions in local, urban, and regional air quality modelling
Mensink, C; De Ridder, K; Deutsch, F; Lefebre, F; Van de Vel, K
2,008
Air quality modeling can help to improve understanding of scale interactions related to meteorology, transport, emissions, formation, removal, and other processes taking place at local, urban, and regional scales. For the local scale, we used the coupling of a street canyon model with a Gaussian dispersion model to stu...
0
191,850
Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on leaf damage and insect abundance in a soybean agroecosystem
Dermody, O; O'Neill, BF; Zangerl, AR; Berenbaum, MR; DeLucia, EH
2,008
By altering myriad aspects of leaf chemistry, increasing concentrations of CO2 and O3 in the atmosphere derived from human activities may fundamentally alter the relationships between insect herbivores and plants. Because exposure to elevated CO2 can alter the nutritional value of leaves, some herbivores may increase c...
1
189,954
Environmental inequality: air pollution exposures in California's south coast air basin
Marshall, JD
2,008
Environmental inequality is quantified here using linear regression, based on results from a recent mobility-based exposure model for 25,064 individuals in California's South Coast Air Basin [Marshall et al., 2006. Inhalation intake of ambient air pollution in California's South Coast Air Basin. Atmospheric Environment...
0
199,347
[Comparative leaf anatomy of Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae) cultivars sensitive and tolerant to ozone]
Pedroso, ANV; Alves, ES
2,008
Tropospheric ozone produces symptoms such as leaf injury in Nicotiana tabacum. Tobacco cultivars are often used as ozone indicators in air-quality biomonitoring programs. Bel-W3 (sensitive) and Bel-B (tolerant) cultivars are better known. The aim of this study was to verify if the two cultivars show variation in leaf s...
0
190,393
Multimodel projections of climate change from short-lived emissions due to human activities
Shindell, DT; Levy H, II; Schwarzkopf, MD; Horowitz, LW; Lamarque, JF; Faluvegi, G
2,008
We use the GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies), GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) and NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) climate models to study the climate impact of the future evolution of short-lived radiatively active species (ozone and aerosols). The models used mid-range A1B emissio...
1
191,628
Quantification of Mesophyll Resistance and Apoplastic Ascorbic Acid as an Antioxidant for Tropospheric Ozone in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Camacho)
de la Torre, D
2,008
The daily variations in cellular and apoplastic ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid levels in a Mediterranean durum wheat cultivar (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Camacho) were analyzed in order to relate them to ambient ozone exposure and to subsequent stomatally absorbed ozone fluxes. The aim of this study is to prove t...
0
156,621
Season, sex, age, and education as modifiers of the effects of outdoor air pollution on daily mortality in Shanghai, China: The Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA) Study
Kan, H; London, SJ; Chen, G; Zhang, Y; Song, G; Zhao, N; Jiang, L; Chen, B
2,008
BACKGROUND: Various factors can modify the health effects of outdoor air pollution. Prior findings about modifiers are inconsistent, and most of these studies were conducted in developed countries. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a time-series analysis to examine the modifying effect of season, sex, age, and education on the ...
1
196,650
Fluticasone propionate protects against ozone-induced airway inflammation and modified immune cell activation markers in healthy volunteers
Alexis, NE; Lay, JC; Haczku, A; Gong, H; Linn, W; Hazucha, MJ; Harris, B; Tal-Singer, R; Peden, DB
2,008
BACKGROUND: Ozone exposure induces airway neutrophilia and modifies innate immune monocytic cell-surface phenotypes in healthy individuals. High-dose inhaled corticosteroids can reduce O(3)-induced airway inflammation, but their effect on innate immune activation is unknown. OBJECTIVES: We used a human O(3) inhalation ...
0
156,985
Meeting report: Atmospheric pollution and human reproduction
Slama, R; Darrow, L; Parker, J; Woodruff, TJ; Strickland, M; Nieuwenhuijsen, M; Glinianaia, S; Hoggatt, KJ; Kannan, S; Hurley, F; Kalinka, J; Sram, R; Brauer, M; Wilhelm, M; Heinrich, J; Ritz, B
2,008
BACKGROUND: There is a growing body of epidemiologic literature reporting associations between atmospheric pollutants and reproductive outcomes, particularly birth weight and gestational duration. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of our international workshop were to discuss the current evidence, to identify the strengths an...
0
156,254
Air pollution, airway inflammation, and lung function in a cohort study of Mexico City schoolchildren
Barraza-Villarreal, A; Sunyer, J; Hernandez-Cadena, L; Escamilla-Nu?ez, MC; Sienra-Monge, JJ; Ramirez-Aguilar, M; Cortez-Lugo, M; Holguin, F; Diaz-Sanchez, D; Olin, AC; Romieu, I
2,008
Background: The biological mechanisms involved in inflammatory response to air pollution are not clearly understood. Objective: In this study we assessed the association of short-term air pollutant exposure with inflammatory markers and lung function. Methods: We studied a cohort of 158 asthmatic and 50 nonasthmatic ...
1
191,656
Seasonal and diurnal gas exchange differences in ozone-sensitive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) in relation to ozone uptake
Bergweiler, CJ; Manning, WJ; Chevone, BI
2,008
Stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) plants in two different soil moisture regimes were directly quantified and subsequently modeled over an entire growing season. Direct measurements captured the dynamic response of stomatal conductance to changing environmental conditi...
1
614,492
Interfacial chemistry in indoor environments
Morrison, G
2,008
This paper, which is based on discussions held at the Workshop on Interfacial Chemistry in Indoor Environments, provides an overview of indoor surface chemistry, primarily due to smog reactions, with an eye towards how to reduce occupant exposure to air pollution.
0
597,496
Reciprocal congenic lines of mice capture the Aliq1 effect on acute lung injury survival time
Prows, DR; Hafertepen, AP; Winterberg, AV; Gibbons WJ Jr; Wesselkamper, SC; Singer, JB; Hill, AE; Nadeau, JH; Leikauf, GD
2,008
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating condition resulting from diverse causes. Genetic studies of human populations indicate that ALI is a complex disease with substantial phenotypic variance, incomplete penetrance, and gene-environment interactions. To identify genes controlling ALI mortality, we previously investi...
0
847,003
Nitric-oxide-mediated zinc release: a new (modulatory) pathway in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Weissmann, N
2,008
null
0
195,864
Ozone exposure, antioxidant genes, and lung function in an elderly cohort: VA Normative Aging Study
Alexeeff, SE; Litonjua, AA; Wright, RO; Baccarelli, A; Suh, H; Sparrow, D; Vokonas, PS; Schwartz, J
2,008
BACKGROUND: Ozone (O3) exposure is known to cause oxidative stress. This study investigated the acute effects of O(3) on lung function in the elderly, a suspected risk group. It then investigated whether genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant genes (heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1)) modif...
1
122,163
Air pollution and pulmonary function in asthmatic children: Effects of prenatal and lifetime exposures
Mortimer, K; Neugebauer, R; Lurmann, F; Alcorn, S; Balmes, J; Tager, I
2,008
Background: Prenatal and early life periods represent critical windows for oxidant pollutant-induced lung remodeling. The objective of this study was to examine the association of prenatal and lifetime exposures to air pollutants with pulmonary function in a cohort of children with asthma. Methods: Prenatal and lifetim...
1
633,196
Heat effects on mortality in 15 European cities
Baccini, M; Biggeri, A; Accetta, G; Kosatsky, T; Katsouyanni, K; Analitis, A; Anderson, HR; Bisanti, L; D'Ippoliti, D; Danova, J; Forsberg, B; Medina, S; Paldy, A; Rabczenko, D; Schindler, C; Michelozzi, P
2,008
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies show that high temperatures are related to mortality, but little is known about the exposure-response function and the lagged effect of heat. We report the associations between daily maximum apparent temperature and daily deaths during the warm season in 15 European cities. METHODS: Th...
0
191,655
Sap flux in pure aspen and mixed aspen-birch forests exposed to elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone
Uddling, J; Teclaw, RM; Kubiske, ME; Pregitzer, KS; Ellsworth, DS
2,008
Elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]) and tropospheric ozone ([O-3]) have the potential to affect tree physiology and structure and hence forest water use, which has implications for climate feedbacks. We investigated how a 40% increase above ambient values in [CO2] and [O-3], alone and in combi...
1
191,283
Complex phenotypic profiles leading to ozone sensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants
Overmyer, K; Kollist, H; Tuominen, H; Betz, C; Langebartels, C; Wingsle, G; Kangasjarvi, S; Brader, G; Mullineaux, P; Kangasjarvi, J
2,008
Genetically tractable model plants offer the possibility of defining the plant O-3 response at the molecular level. To this end, we have isolated a collection of ozone (O-3)-sensitive mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutant phenotypes and genetics were characterized. Additionally, parameters associated with O-3 sensiti...
1
655,503
Activation of protein kinase D by ultraviolet B irradiation in epidermal keratinocytes
Arun, S; Shapiro, B; Bollag, WB
2,008
Skin is the largest organ in the body and is exposed to numerous environmental insults. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is among these and represents the most important risk factor for developing the non-melanoma skin cancers, squamous and basal cell carcinoma. These cancers are the most common mali...
0
603,254
Integrated transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses to survey ozone responses in the leaves of rice seedling
Cho, K; Shibato, J; Agrawal, GK; Jung, YH; Kubo, A; Jwa, NS; Tamogami, S; Satoh, K; Kikuchi, S; Higashi, T; Kimura, S; Saji, H; Tanaka, Y; Iwahashi, H; Masuo, Y; Rakwal, R
2,008
Ozone (O-3), a serious air pollutant, is known to significantly reduce photosynthesis, growth, and yield and to cause foliar injury and senescence. Here, integrated transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches were applied to investigate the molecular responses of O-3 in the leaves of 2-week-old rice (cv. N...
1