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196,921
Elevated ozone affects the genetic composition of Plantago lanceolata L. populations
Kolliker, R; Bassin, S; Schneider, D; Widmer, F; Fuhrer, J
2,008
(AFLP) as well as simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to test for differences in an old semi-natural grassland after five years of treatment with ambient or elevated ozone (O-3) using a free-air fumigation system. Genetic diversity in populations exposed to elevated O-3 was slightly higher than in populations sampled ...
0
198,890
Structure of pulmonary surfactant membranes and films: The role of proteins and lipid-protein interactions
Perez-Gil, J
2,008
The pulmonary surfactant system constitutes an excellent example of how dynamic membrane polymorphism governs some biological functions through specific lipid-lipid, lipid-protein and protein-protein interactions assembled in highly differentiated cells. Lipid-protein surfactant complexes are assembled in alveolar pneu...
1
195,867
Medicaid patient asthma-related acute care visits and their associations with ozone and particulates in Washington, DC, from 1994-2005
Babin, S; Burkom, H; Holtry, R; Tabernero, N; Davies-Cole, J; Stokes, L; Dehaan, K; Lee, D
2,008
The primary objective of this ecologic and contextual study is to determine statistically significant short-term associations between air quality (daily ozone and particulate concentrations) and Medicaid patient general acute care daily visits for asthma exacerbations over 11 years for Washington, DC residents, and to ...
0
157,160
Air pollution and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan
Yang, CY
2,008
This study was undertaken to determine whether there was an association between air pollutant levels and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure (CHF) in Taipei, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for CHF and ambient air pollution data for Taipei were obtained for the period from 1996 to 2004. The relative risk of ho...
1
196,886
Surface ozone concentrations and ecosystem health: Past trends and a guide to future projections
Cape, JN
2,008
This paper reviews current understanding of the sources and sinks of ozone in the troposphere, recent studies of long-term trends, and the factors which have to be taken into consideration when constructing and interpreting future models of ozone concentration. The factors controlling surface 03 concentrations are disc...
0
188,317
Why most discovered true associations are inflated
Ioannidis, JPA
2,008
Newly discovered true (non-null) associations often have inflated effects compared with the true effect sizes. I discuss here the main reasons for this inflation. First, theoretical considerations prove that when true discovery is claimed based on crossing a threshold of statistical significance and the discovery study...
0
199,332
Growth and yield responses of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) to diclofop-methyl and ozone
Martinez-Ghersa, MA; Olszyk, D; Radosevich, SR
2,008
We evaluated the combined effects of diclofop-methyl herbicide application and the air pollutant ozone (O-3) on diclofop-methyl-resistant and -susceptible biotypes of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). We conducted two experiments, one with a long vegetative growth period and the other with a short vegetative growt...
0
180,237
Urban tropospheric ozone increases the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Belgian postmenopausal women with outdoor activities during summer
Manicourt, DH; Devogelaer, JP
2,008
Context: By absorbing sunlight UVB and thereby reducing cutaneous vitamin D photosynthesis, ozone, a common urban pollutant, could cause hypovitaminosis D. Objectives: The objective of the study was to establish the characteristics and percentage of subjects with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] less than 75 nmol/li...
0
597,541
IL-1 receptors mediate persistent, but not acute, airway hyperreactivity to ozone in guinea pigs
Verhein, KC; Jacoby, DB; Fryer, AD
2,008
Ozone exposure in the lab and environment causes airway hyperreactivity lasting at least 3 days in humans and animals. In guinea pigs 1 day after ozone exposure, airway hyperreactivity is mediated by eosinophils that block neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor function, thus increasing acetylcholine release from airway paras...
0
191,351
Effects of elevated ozone on growth and yield of field-grown rice in Yangtze River Delta, China
Chen, Z; Wang, XK; Feng, ZZ; Zheng, FX; Duan, XN; Yang, WR
2,008
With rapid industrialization and urbanization in the Yangtze Delta, China, the tropospheric ozone concentration has increased to levels that induce crop yield loss. Rice, a widely grown crop in China, was investigated in field-established, open-top chambers. Four treatments were used: charcoal-filtered air (CF), non-ch...
0
620,920
Exploring the correlation of particulate PAHs, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, a preliminary study
Tham, YWF; Takeda, K; Sakugawa, H
2,008
The correlation of particulate PAHs, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone were examined. The pollution scenario of particulate PAHs, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone is also briefly presented as supplementary information. Both sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were found to have significant positive c...
0
191,690
Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivated as tuber or leafy vegetable supplier as affected by elevated tropospheric ozone
Keutgen, N; Keutgen, AJ; Janssens, MJJ
2,008
Sweet potato cultivars respond differently to elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations of ca. 130 mu g m(-3), 8 h a day for 4 weeks, which affects their selection for cultivation. In the first cultivar presented here, an adequate leafy vegetable supplier, the ozone load resulted in a shift of biomass to maintain the ...
1
841,499
Comparisons between portable and chemoluminescence exhaled nitric oxide measurements
Michils, A; Peche, R; Baldassarre, S; Mourid, Z; Van Muylem, A
2,008
null
0
190,282
Human health effects of air pollution
Kampa, M; Castanas, E
2,008
Hazardous chemicals escape to the environment by a number of natural and/or anthropogenic activities and may cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Increased combustion of fossil fuels in the last century is responsible for the progressive change in the atmospheric composition. Air pollutants, such ...
0
601,408
Ozone Levels in Passenger Cabins of Commercial Aircraft on North American and Transoceanic Routes
Bhangar, S; Cowlin, SC; Singer, BC; Sextro, RG; Nazaroff, WW
2,008
In-cabin ozone levels, varying by season and with episodic storms, can be elevated on domestic U.S. flights and are effectively reduced by ozone converters.
0
180,352
Air pollution and associated respiratory morbidity in Delhi
Jayaraman, G; Nidhi
2,008
As a rapidly expanding centre of government, trade, commerce and industry, Delhi, the Indian capital, presents an instructive location for studying the possible association between air pollution and adverse health effects. This study tries to determine the association, if any, between the air pollutants?sulphur dioxide...
0
191,262
The challenge of making ozone risk assessment for forest trees more mechanistic
Matyssek, R; Sandermann, H; Wieser, G; Booker, F; Cieslik, S; Musselman, R; Ernst, D
2,008
Upcoming decades will experience increasing atmospheric CO2 and likely enhanced O-3 exposure which represents a risk for the carbon sink strength of forests, so that the need for cause-effect related O-3 risk assessment increases. Although assessment will gain in reliability on an O-3 uptake basis, risk is co-determine...
1
158,018
Impact of surface emissions to the zonal variability of tropical tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide for november 2004
Bowman, KW; Jones, D; Logan, J; Worden, H; Boersma, F; Chang, R; Kulawik, S; Osterman, G; Worden, J
2,008
The chemical and dynamical processes governing the zonal variability of tropical tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide are investigated for November 2004 using satellite observations, in-situ measurements, and chemical transport models in conjunction with inverse-estimated surface emissions. Vertical ozone profile est...
0
191,364
Effects of the interaction between ozone and carbon dioxide on gas exchange, ascorbic acid content, and visible leaf symptoms in rice leaves
Imai, K; Kobori, K
2,008
Tropospheric ozone (O-3) decreases photosynthesis, growth, and yield of crop plants, while elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) has the opposite effect. The net photosynthetic rate (P-N), dark respiration rate (R-D), and ascorbic acid content of rice leaves were examined under combinations of O-3 (0, 0.1, or 0.3 cm(3) m(-3), ...
0
191,677
Soil respiration, root biomass, and root turnover following long-term exposure of northern forests to elevated atmospheric Co-2 and tropospheric O-3
Pregitzer, KS; Burton, AJ; King, JS; Zak, DR
2,008
The Rhinelander free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment is designed to understand ecosystem response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (+CO2) and elevated tropospheric ozone (+O-3). The objectives of this study were: to understand how soil respiration responded to the experimental treatments; to determine whethe...
1
196,903
Elevated ozone modifies the feeding behaviour of the common leaf weevil on hybrid aspen through shifts in developmental, chemical, and structural properties of leaves
Freiwald, V; Haikio, E; Julkunen-Tiitto, R; Holopainen, JK; Oksanen, E
2,008
In this study, we tested the impact of moderately elevated ozone (O-3) - 1.5 x ambient, equivalent to predicted near-future ozone concentrations - on the feeding behaviour of the common leaf weevil Phyllobius pyri L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on two hybrid aspen [Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides (Salicaceae)] c...
1
193,831
Genetic susceptibility to the respiratory effects of air pollution
Yang, IA; Fong, KM; Zimmerman, PV; Holgate, ST; Holloway, JW
2,008
There is large variation between individuals in their response to air pollutants. This review summarises the existing evidence that genetic factors influence the mechanisms of lung injury caused by air pollutants. Genetic association studies have compared the adverse effects of air pollutants between subjects with spec...
0
190,296
Toward integrated assessment of environmental change: air pollution health effects in the USA
Matus, K; Yang, T; Paltsev, S; Reilly, J; Nam, KM
2,008
null
0
191,692
Targets for crop biotechnology in a future high-CO2 and high-O-3 world
Ainsworth, EA; Rogers, A; Leakey, ADB
2,008
Predictions of population growth outpacing agricultural production have been made for the past 200 years (Malthus, 1817; Ehrlich, 1968), and though world food supply has more than kept pace with demand, there are over 850 million malnourished people in the world, the vast majority in developing countries (FAO, 2006). I...
0
155,427
Modeling the effects of ship emissions on coastal air quality: A case study of southern California
Vutukuru, S; Dabdub, D
2,008
Impact of emissions from ocean-going ships on ozone and particulate matter concentrations is quantified using UCI-CIT model for the South Coast Air Basin of California (SoCAB). The modeling domain encompasses Los Angeles and Long Beach ports and part of the Pacific Ocean that is traversed by ships to visit these ports....
0
191,363
Effects of species composition, land surface cover, CO2 concentration and climate on isoprene emissions from European forests
Arneth, A; Schurgers, G; Hickler, T; Miller, PA
2,008
Emissions of isoprene from terrestrial vegetation are known to affect atmospheric chemical properties, like its oxidation capacity or the concentration of tropospheric ozone. The latter is of concern, since besides being a potent greenhouse gas, O-3 is toxic for humans, animals, and plants even at relatively low concen...
0
194,670
A decade of on-road emissions measurements
Bishop, GA; Stedman, DH
2,008
A multiyear, on-road emission measurement program carried out in the cities of Chicago, Illinois; Denver, Colorado; Los Angeles (LA), California; and Phoenix, Arizona shows large, fuel-specific tailpipe emissions reductions at all of the sites for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitric oxide (NO). CO emiss...
1
191,614
PLATIN (PLant-ATmosphere INteraction) - a model of biosphere/atmosphere exchange of latent and sensible heat, trace gases and fine-particle constituents
Grunhage, L; Haenel, HD
2,008
The exchange of energy and matter between phytosphere and near-surface atmosphere is a complex process controlled by a number of influence factors. Modelling has not only to consider the state of the air above and within the plant canopy (temperature, humidity, flow velocity, gas or particle concentration in the air) a...
0
195,632
Modification of the biochemical pathways of plants induced by ozone: What are the varied routes to change?
Heath, RL
2,008
When plants are observed under a low dose of ozone, some physiological and metabolic shifts occur. Barring-extreme injury such as tissue damage or stomata closure, most of these disruptive changes are likely to have been initiated at the level of gene expression. The belief is oxidative products formed in ozone exposed...
1
199,390
Tibouchina pulchra (Cham.) Cogn., a native Atlantic Forest species, as a bio-indicator of ozone: Visible injury
Furlan, CM; Moraes, RM; Bulbovas, P; Sanz, MJ; Domingos, M; Salatino, A
2,008
Tibouchina pulchra saplings were exposed to carbon filtered air (CF), ambient non-filtered air (NF) and ambient non-filtered air + 40 ppb ozone (NF + O-3) 8 h per day during two months. The AOT40 values at the end of the experiment were 48, 910 and 12,895 ppb h(-1), respectively, for the three treatments. After 25 days...
0
126,380
Heterogeneous reactivity of carbonyl sulfide on alpha]-Al2O3 and gamma]-Al2O3
Liu, Y; He, H; Mu, Y
2,008
The heterogeneous reactions of trace gases in the atmosphere on atmospheric particles could greatly affect the nitrogen, sulfur, ozone, and photochemical oxidant cycles. The uptake coefficient is an important kinetic parameter for atmospheric models to assess the role of heterogeneous reaction in the global cycles of t...
0
668,906
Exposure to increased ambient ultraviolet B radiation has negative effects on growth, condition and immune function of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Jokinen, IE; Markkula, ES; Salo, HM; Kuhn, P; Nikoskelainen, S; Arts, MT; Browman, HI
2,008
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were exposed in two outdoor experiments, ranging in duration from 52 to 137 days, to spectral treatments: (1) natural sunlight (=present ambient UVB level), (2) solar radiation supplemented with enhanced UVB radiation from lamps simulating 20% or 8% stratospheric ozone loss or (3) UVB...
1
199,274
Sensitivity of biogenic emissions simulated by a land-surface model to land-cover representations
Gulden, LE; Yang, ZL; Niu, GY
2,008
We evaluate the sensitivity of biogenic emissions simulated by a land-surface model (LSM) to different representations of land-cover vegetation. We drive the community land model on a 0.1 degrees grid over Texas, USA, from 1993 to 1998 using bilinearly interpolated North American Regional Reanalysis data. Two land-cove...
0
191,698
Transcriptomic changes induced by acute ozone in resistant and sensitive Medicago truncatula accessions
Puckette, MC; Tang, YH; Mahalingam, R
2,008
Background: Tropospheric ozone, the most abundant air pollutant is detrimental to plant and animal health including humans. In sensitive plant species even a few hours of exposure to this potent oxidant (200-300 nL. L-1) leads to severe oxidative stress that manifests as visible cell death. In resistant plants usually ...
1
155,219
Can fine particulate matter explain the paradoxical ozone associations?
Joseph, PM
2,008
Our previous paper entitled ?Paradoxical ozone associations could be due to methyl nitrite from combustion of methyl ethers or esters in engine fuels? (Env. Int.. 2007;33;1090) reviewed 11 studies of the impact of ozone on human health that, paradoxically, found a negative coefficient for ozone-morbidity associations. ...
0
156,846
Influences of study design and location on the relationship between particulate matter air pollution and birthweight
Parker, JD; Woodruff, TJ
2,008
A large number of studies have identified a relationship between particulate matter air pollution and birthweight. Although reported associations are small and varied, they have been identified in studies from places around the world. Exposure assignment, covariates and study inclusion criteria vary among studies. To e...
0
191,300
Deriving ozone dose-response of photosynthesis in adult forest trees from branch-level cuvette gas exchange assessment
Then, C; Low, M; Matyssek, R; Wieser, G
2,008
Branch-level gas exchange provided the basis for assessing ozone flux in order to derive the dose-response relationship between cumulative O-3 uptake (COU) and carbon gain in the upper sun crown of adult Fagus sylvatica. Fluxes of ozone, CO2 and water vapour were monitored simultaneously by climatized branch cuvettes. ...
0
668,928
Cell wall-bound ultraviolet-screening compounds explain the high ultraviolet tolerance of the Antarctic moss, Ceratodon purpureus
Clarke, LJ; Robinson, SA
2,008
Studies of ultraviolet (UV) light-induced DNA damage in three Antarctic moss species have shown Ceratodon purpureus to be the most UV tolerant, despite containing lower concentrations of methanol-soluble UV-screening compounds than the co-occurring Bryum pseudotriquetrum. In this study, alkali extraction of cell wall-b...
1
199,811
Influence of atmospheric ozone, PM10 and meteorological factors on the concentration of airborne pollen and fungal spores
Sousa, SIV; Martins, FG; Pereira, MC; Alvim-Ferraz, MCM; Ribeiro, H; Oliveira, M; Abreu, I
2,008
The increase of allergenic symptoms has been associated with air contaminants such as ozone, particulate matter, pollen and fungal spores. Considering the potential relevance of crossed effects of non-biological pollutants and airborne pollens and fungal spores on allergy worsening, the aim of this work was to evaluate...
0
191,215
Air pollution impact assessment on agroecosystem and human health characterisation in the area surrounding the industrial settlement of Milazzo (Italy): A multidisciplinary approach
Triolo, L; Binazzi, A; Cagnetti, P; Carconi, P; Correnti, A; De Luca, E; Di Bonito, R; Grandoni, G; Mastrantonio, M; Rosa, S; Schimberni, M; Uccelli, R; Zappa, G
2,008
In order to evaluate the impact of atmospheric pollutants emitted by the industrial settlement of Milazzo (Italy) on agriculture, sulphur dioxide and ozone levels in air were monitored and the data were used to estimate yield losses of the most widespread cultures. Trace element concentrations in crops and soils were a...
0
199,207
Apoplastic antioxidative system responses to ozone stress in strawberry leaves
Keutgen, AJ; Pawelzik, E
2,008
Cell wall polysaccharides, pectin composition, as well as apoplastic superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities were investigated in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) cultivars (cvs) Korona and Elsanta differing in their ozone sensitivity. Plants were exposed to 140-170 mu g m(-3) ozone either short-term for 7 days ...
0
196,657
Vulnerability to heat-related mortality in Latin America: a case-crossover study in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Santiago, Chile and Mexico City, Mexico
Bell, ML; O'Neill, MS; Ranjit, N; Borja-Aburto, VH; Cifuentes, LA; Gouveia, NC
2,008
BACKGROUND: Factors affecting vulnerability to heat-related mortality are not well understood. Identifying susceptible populations is of particular importance given anticipated rising temperatures from climatic change. METHODS: We investigated heat-related mortality for three Latin American cities (Mexico City, Mexico;...
0
155,939
Ambient air pollution and risk for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack
Lisabeth, LD; Escobar, JD; Dvonch, JT; Sanchez, BN; Majersik, JJ; Brown, DL; Smith, MA; Morgenstern, LB
2,008
<strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>Data on the association between air pollution and cerebrovascular disease in the United States are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk for ischemic cerebrovascular events in a US community.<br /...
1
651,832
Development of a human in vivo method to study the effect of ultraviolet radiation and Sunscreens in melanocytic nevi
Carrera, C; Puig, S; Llambrich, A; Palou, J; Lecha, M; Massi, D; Malvehy, J
2,008
Background: Ultraviolet radiation ( UVR) plays an important role in the development of melanocytic lesions. Sunscreens have shown an impact in the prevention of UVR damage; however, their role in melanocytes has not been well established. The aim was to design and validate an in vivo human model to study the influence ...
0
668,908
Variation in UV sensitivity among common frog Rana temporaria populations along an altitudinal gradient
Marquis, O; Miaud, C
2,008
Solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation can be harmful for developing amphibians. As the UV-B dose increases with altitude, it has been suggested that high-altitude populations may have an increased tolerance to high levels of UV-B radiation as compared to lowland populations. We tested this hypothesis with the common fro...
1
195,833
Acidity enhances the formation of a persistent ozonide at aqueous ascorbate/ozone gas interfaces
Enami, S; Hoffmann, MR; Colussi, AJ
2,008
The pulmonary epithelium, like most aerial biosurfaces, is naturally protected against atmospheric ozone (O3) by fluid films that contain ascorbic acid (AH2) and related scavengers. This mechanism of protection will fail, however, if specific copollutants redirect AH2 and O3(g) to produce species that can transduce oxi...
1
618,887
Public perception and behavior change in relationship to hot weather and air pollution
Semenza, JC; Wilson, DJ; Parra, J; Bontempo, BD; Hart, M; Sailor, DJ; George, LA
2,008
Background: Changes in climate systems are increasing heat wave frequency and air stagnation, both conditions associated with exacerbating poor air quality and of considerable public health concern. Objectives: Heat and air pollution advisory systems are in place in many cities for early detection and response to reduc...
1
733,536
Skin pigmentation kinetics after UVB exposure
Ravnbak, MH; Philipsen, PA; Wiegell, SR; Wulf, HC
2,008
There have been few previous studies of the kinetics of pigmentation following ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, and these have included only fair-skinned persons. The current study investigated pigmentation increase to steady state and fading in 12 Scandinavians and 12 Indians/Pakistanis. Over a period of 3 weeks the subj...
0
156,292
A cohort study of traffic-related air pollution impacts on birth outcomes
Brauer, M; Lencar, C; Tamburic, L; Koehoorn, M; Demers, P; Karr, C
2,008
Evidence suggests that air pollution exposure adversely affects pregnancy outcomes. Few studies have examined individual-level intraurban exposure contrasts.<br /><br /> We evaluated the impacts of air pollution on small for gestational age (SGA) birth weight, low full-term birth weight (LBW), and preterm birth using s...
1
180,036
Ambient air pollution and daily emergency department visits for asthma in Edmonton, Canada
Szyszkowicz, M
2,008
Objectives: As demonstrated by many studies, emergency department (ED) visits for asthma can be associated with air pollution exposures. The aim of this study was to examine and assess the potential relations between ED visits for asthma and the concentrations of ambient air pollutants. Materials and Methods: Generaliz...
0
191,340
Effects of elevated CO2 and O-3 on phenolic compounds in spring wheat and maize leaves
Li, GM; Shi, Y; Chen, X
2,008
C-3 crops are generally considered more sensitive than C-4 crops to the elevated CO2 and O-3, but it is unclear whether the concentrations of phenolic compounds in them are affected. In this paper, an enrichment experiment with open-top chamber was conducted to examine the effects of elevated CO2, O-3, and their combin...
0
199,344
Suitability of Nicotiana tabacum 'Bel W3' for biomonitoring ozone in Sao Paulo, Brazil
Sant'Anna, SMR; Esposito, MP; Domingos, M; Souza, , SR
2,008
Nicotiana tabacum 'Bel W3' is a widely used sensitive bioindicator for ambient ozone, but it is rarely used in tropical countries. Our goal was to determine the suitability of this plant for biomonitoring ozone in the city of Sao Paulo by evaluating the relationships between leaf necroses and ozone under field conditio...
0
156,672
Air pollution, asthma attacks, and socioeconomic deprivation: A small-area case-crossover study
Laurent, O; Pedrono, G; Segala, C; Filleul, L; Havard, S; Deguen, S; Schillinger, C; Riviere, E; Bard, D
2,008
With few exceptions, studies of short-term health effects of air pollution use pollutant concentrations that are averaged citywide as exposure indicators. They are thus prone to exposure misclassification and consequently to bias. Measurement of the relations between air pollution and health, generally and in specific ...
0
190,087
A source area model incorporating simplified atmospheric dispersion and advection at fine scale for population air pollutant exposure assessment
Ainslie, B; Steyn, DG; Su, J; Buzzelli, M; Brauer, M; Larson, T; Rucker, M
2,008
A source-area model for estimating population exposure to air pollutants at the scale of a neighborhood is developed. The model explicitly accounts for the first-order influence of atmospheric dispersion of emissions on surface concentrations. The model is used to produce concentration surfaces at high spatial and temp...
0
193,829
Who is more vulnerable to die from ozone air pollution?
Medina-Ramon, M; Schwartz, J
2,008
BACKGROUND: Daily increases in ambient ozone have been associated with increased mortality. However, little is known about which subpopulations are more susceptible to death related to ozone. METHODS: We conducted a case-only study in 48 US cities to identify subpopulations particularly vulnerable to ozone air pollutio...
1
161,771
The Movement of Aquatic Mercury Through Terrestrial Food Webs
Cristol, DA; Brasso, RL; Condon, AM; Fovargue, RE; Friedman, SL; Hallinger, KK; Monroe, AP; White, AE
2,008
Mercury has contaminated rivers worldwide, with health consequences for aquatic organisms and humans who consume them. Researchers have focused on aquatic birds as sentinels for mercury. However, trophic transfer between adjacent ecosystems could lead to the export of aquatic mercury to terrestrial habitats. Along a me...
0
156,760
A 10-year time-series analysis of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity in Nicosia, Cyprus: The effect of short-term changes in air pollution and dust storms
Middleton, N; Yiallouros, P; Kleanthous, S; Kolokotroni, O; Schwartz, J; Dockery, DW; Demokritou, P; Koutrakis, P
2,008
BACKGROUND: To date, a substantial body of research has shown adverse health effects of short-term changes in levels of air pollution. Such associations have not been investigated in smaller size cities in the Eastern Mediterranean. A particular feature in the region is dust blown from the Sahara a few times a year res...
1
191,378
Environmental impacts of introducing grain legumes into European crop rotations
Nemecek, T; von Richthofen, JS; Dubois, G; Casta, P; Charles, R; Pahl, H
2,008
Raw materials for animal feeding are highly deficient in Europe, which results in massive imports of soya beans from North and South America. These imports are connected with a number of environmental problems. Increasing the grain legume production in Europe could be a promising alternative. The impacts of introducing...
0
196,940
Ozone uptake (flux) as it relates to ozone-induced foliar symptoms of Prunus serotina and Populus maximowizii x trichocarpa
Orendovici-Best, T; Skelly, JM; Davis, DD; Ferdinand, JA; Savage, JE; Stevenson, RE
2,008
Field studies were conducted during 2003 and 2004 from early June to the end of August, at 20 sites of lower or higher elevation within north-central Pennsylvania, using seedlings of black cherry (Prunus serotina, Ehrh.) and ramets of hybrid poplar (Populus inaxitnowizii x trichocarpa). A linear model was developed to ...
1
191,683
Stomatal uptake and stomatal deposition of ozone in isoprene and monoterpene emitting plants
Fares, S; Loreto, F; Kleist, E; Wildt, J
2,008
Volatile isoprenoids were reported to protect plants against ozone. To understand whether this could be the result of a direct scavenging of ozone by these molecules, the stomatal and non-stomatal uptake of ozone was estimated in plants emitting isoprene or monoterpenes. Ozone uptake by holm oak (Quercus ilex, a monote...
1
197,803
Role of metallothionein in lung inflammation induced by ozone exposure in mice
Inoue, K; Takano, H; Kaewamatawong, T; Shimada, A; Suzuki, J; Yanagisawa, R; Tasaka, S; Ishizaka, A; Satoh, M
2,008
Metallothionein (MT) is a free radical scavenger induced by inflammatory stimuli; however, its roles in inflammation have not been fully investigated. In the present study, we genetically determined the role of MT in ozone (O(3))-induced lung inflammation using MT-I/II null (-/-) mice. Subacute (65 h) exposure to O(3) ...
1
199,794
The influence of ozone and uv-b radiation on fat-hen growth in different temperature conditions
Romaneckiene, R; Pilipavicius, V; Romaneckas, K
2,008
Research was carried out in 2006 at the phytotronic complex of the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture. The aim of the experiment was to ascertain the adaptivity of fat-hen (Chenopodium album L.) at different ozone concentrations and doses of UV-B radiation at temperature regimes of warmer 25 degrees C/16 degree...
0
628,607
Role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation
Williams, AS; Issa, R; Durham, A; Leung, SY; Kapoun, A; Medicherla, S; Higgins, LS; Adcock, IM; Chung, KF
2,008
Ozone is a potent oxidant and causes airway hyperresponsiveness and neutrophilia. To determine the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, we studied the effect of a p38? inhibitor SD-282 (Scios Inc, Fremont, CA USA) on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and neutrophilia. Balb/c mice recei...
1
604,175
Simulating the impact of urban sprawl on air quality and population exposure in the German Ruhr area. Part II: Development and evaluation of an urban growth scenario
De Ridder, K; Lefebre, F; Adriaensen, S; Arnold, U; Beckroege, W; Bronner, C; Damsgaard, O; Dostal, I; Dufek, J; Hirsch, J; Int Panis, L; Kotek, Z; Ramadier, T; Thierry, A; Vermoote, S; Wania, A; Weber, C
2,008
The impact of uncontrolled urban growth ('sprawl') on air pollution and associated population exposure is investigated. This is done for the Ruhr area in Germany, by means of a coupled modelling system dealing with land use changes, traffic, meteorology, and atmospheric dispersion and chemistry. In a companion paper [D...
0
651,894
Lack of correlation between minimal erythema dose and skin phototype in a colombian scholar population
Sanclemente, G; Zapata, JF; Garcia, JJ; Gaviria, A; Gomez, LF; Barrera, M
2,008
Background: Sun exposure and skin phototype are the most relevant risk factors for skin cancer. Colombia has high levels of ultraviolet radiation during the whole year, therefore, both, high UVI's and outdoor worker's daily activities, in our country are very important risk factors for the development of cutaneous canc...
0
191,252
Biogenic nitrogen oxide emissions from soils: Impact on NOx and ozone over west Africa during AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis): Observational study
Stewart, DJ; Taylor, CM; Reeves, CE; Mcquaid, JB
2,008
Chemical and meteorological parameters measured on board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe 146 Atmospheric Research Aircraft during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) campaign are presented to show the impact of NOx emissions from recently wetted soils in West Africa. NO e...
0
180,168
Tracking associations between ambient ozone and asthma-related emergency department visits using case-crossover analysis
Paulu, C; Smith, AE
2,008
Traditional environmental public health surveillance consists of separately measuring hazards, exposures, and health outcomes. The Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) Network seeks to accrue additional information by linking hazard or exposure data to health outcomes data. A natural progression is to consider t...
1
596,367
VEGF overexpression in the astroglial cells of rat brainstem following ozone exposure
Araneda, S; Commin, L; Atlagich, M; Kitahama, K; Parraguez, VH; Pequignot, JM; Dalmaz, Y
2,008
Ozone, a major photochemical pollutant, produces rapid damages in the pulmonary airway tract and in the central nervous system. This study focused on the neural mechanisms underlying the adaptive responses to an acute ozone exposure. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a factor associated with cellular recover...
1
156,177
Particulate air pollution and survival in a COPD cohort
Zanobetti, A; Bind, MAC; Schwartz, J
2,008
Background: Several studies have shown cross-sectional associations between long term exposure to particulate air pollution and survival in general population or convenience cohorts. Less is known about susceptibility, or year to year changes in exposure. We investigated whether particles were associated with survival ...
1
668,904
An unidentified ultraviolet-B-specific photoreceptor mediates transcriptional activation of the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase gene in plants
Ioki, M; Takahashi, S; Nakajima, N; Fujikura, K; Tamaoki, M; Saji, H; Kubo, A; Aono, M; Kanna, M; Ogawa, D; Fukazawa, J; Oda, Y; Yoshida, S; Watanabe, M; Hasezawa, S; Kondo, N
2,008
Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) constitute a majority of DNA lesions caused by ultraviolet-B (UVB). CPD photolyase, which rapidly repairs CPDs, is essential for plant survival under sunlight containing UVB. Our earlier results that the transcription of the cucumber CPD photolyase gene (CsPHR) was activated by ligh...
1
595,112
Initial validation of ozone measurements from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder
Nardi, B; Gille, JC; Barnett, JJ; Randall, CE; Harvey, VL; Waterfall, A; Reburn, WJ; Leblanc, T; Mcgee, TJ; Twigg, LW; Thompson, AM; Godin-Beekmann, S; Bernath, PF; Bojkov, BR; Boone, CD; Cavanaugh, C; Coffey, MT; Craft, J; Craig, C; Dean, V; Eden, TD; Francis, G; Froidevaux, L; Halvorson, C; Hannigan, JW; Hepplewhite,...
2,008
Comparisons of the latest High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) ozone retrievals (v2.04.09) are made with ozonesondes, ground-based lidars, airborne lidar measurements made during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment?B, and satellite observations. A large visual obstruction blocking over 80% of t...
0
601,178
Threshold exceedances and cumulative ozone exposure indices at tropical suburban site
Beig, G; Ghude, SD; Polade, SD; Tyagi, B
2,008
This study provides the first analysis of threshold exceedances and cumulative ozone exposure indices from Pune, a tropical suburban site in India. We used the directives on ozone pollution in ambient air provided by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and by the World Health Organization to assess the a...
0
119,799
Effect of atmospheric humic-like substances on the enhanced dissolution of volatile organic compounds into dew water
Okochi, H; Sato, E; Matsubayashi, Y; Igawa, M
2,008
Simultaneous sampling of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHs) and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs), potentially harmful to humans and/or responsible for the formation of ozone and secondary particles, in dew water and in the ambient air was carried out from August 2004 to July 2005 in Hino City, situated in the wester...
0
191,593
Ozone-induced changes in photosynthesis and photorespiration of hybrid poplar in relation to the developmental stage of the leaves
Bagard, M; Le Thiec, D; Delacote, E; Hasenfratz-Sauder, MP; Banvoy, J; Gerard, J; Dizengremel, P; Jolivet, Y
2,008
Young poplar trees (Populus tremula Michx. x Populus alba L. clone INRA 717-1B4) were subjected to 120 ppb of ozone for 35 days in phytotronic chambers. Treated trees displayed precocious leaf senescence and visible symptoms of injury (dark brown/black upper surface stippling) exclusively observed on fully expanded lea...
1
689,163
Targets for Crop Biotechnology in a Future High-CO2 and High-O3 World
Ainsworth, EA; Rogers, A; Leakey, ADB
2,008
null
0
193,794
Ozone and other air pollutants and the risk of oral clefts
Hwang, BF; Jaakkola, JJ
2,008
BACKGROUND: Air pollution influences the development of oral clefts in animals. There are few epidemiologic data on the relation of prenatal air pollution exposure and the risk of oral clefts. OBJECTIVES: Our goal in this study was to assess the relations between exposure to ambient air pollution and the risk of cleft ...
1
594,284
Traffic-related air pollution and respiratory symptoms among asthmatic children, resident in Mexico City: The EVA cohort study
Escamilla-Nu?ez, MC; Barraza-Villarreal, A; Hernandez-Cadena, L; Moreno-Macias, H; Ramirez-Aguilar, M; Sienra-Monge, JJ; Cortez-Lugo, M; Texcalac, JL; del Rio-Navarro, B; Romieu, I
2,008
BACKGROUND: Taffic-related air pollution has been related to adverse respiratory outcomes; however, there is still uncertainty concerning the type of vehicle emission causing most deleterious effects. METHODS: A panel study was conducted among 147 asthmatic and 50 healthy children, who were followed up for an average o...
1
694,866
Field evaluation of a new particle concentrator-electrostatic precipitator system for measuring chemical and toxicological properties of particulate matter
Ning, Z; Sillanpaa, M; Pakbin, P; Sioutas, C
2,008
Background: A newly designed electrostatic precipitator (ESP) in tandem with Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System (VACES) was developed by the University of Southern California to collect ambient aerosols on substrates appropriate for chemical and toxicological analysis. The laboratory evaluation of this s...
0
668,913
Better mate in the shade: Enhancement of male mating behaviour in the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora, in a UV-rich environment
Obara, Y; Koshitaka, H; Arikawa, K
2,008
Ultraviolet (UV) vision is widespread in a variety of animals, playing important roles in behaviours such as foraging and reproduction. Despite accumulated information about UV vision and UV-dependent behaviours of animals, little is known about the effect of temporal changes and local variations in UV light on UV-depe...
1
651,889
Sunlight, the vitamin D endocrine system, and their relationships with gynaecologic cancer
Perez-Lopez, FR
2,008
Vitamin D has classically been considered an important nutrient, but modem scientific evidence points out that it has a new and more critical role as ubiquitous hormone at the centre of a complex endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine system involved in maintaining general health. Vitamin D is found in small quantities in...
0
191,982
Controlled exposure to combined particles and ozone decreases heart rate variability
Power, K; Balmes, J; Solomon, C
2,008
Objective: This experiment was designed to test if controlled exposure to particles and ozone would result in decreased heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: Five asthmatic adults were exposed for 4 hours to; filtered-air, carbon and ammonium nitrate particles, and particles and ozone. Twenty-minute electrocardiogram...
1
651,823
Sun protection factor persistence during a day with physical activity and bathing
Bodekaer, M; Faurschou, A; Philipsen, PA; Wulf, HC
2,008
The persistence of sunscreens during a day with physical activity and bathing is often debated. We wished to examine the durability of the protection achieved by one sunscreen application. Seven areas were marked on the back of 24 volunteers. One area was phototested to determine UV sensitivity. Six areas were treated ...
0
696,949
Erratum to ?Exemplifying whole-plant ozone uptake in adult forest trees of contrasting species and site conditions? [Environ. Pollut. 146 (2007) 629?639]
Nunn, AJ; Wieser, G; Metzger, U; Low, M; Wipfler, P; Haberle, KH; Matyssek, R
2,008
null
0
190,323
Effects of air pollution on postneonatal infant mortality among firstborn infants in Seoul, Korea: Case-crossover and time-series analyses
Son, JY; Cho, YS; Lee, JT
2,008
Infants are known to be susceptible to the adverse health effects of ambient air pollution. The authors examined the relationship between air pollution and postneonatal mortality from all causes among firstborn infants in Seoul, Korea, during 1999-2003, using both case-crossover and time-series analyses. Using a bidire...
1
199,882
Impacts of ozone pollution on productivity and forage quality of grass/clover swards
Gonzalez-Fernandez, I; Bass, D; Muntifering, R; Mills, G; Barnes, J
2,008
This study explored the influence of ozone and interactions with soil nutrient regime and composition on the productivity and nutritive quality of ryegrass/clover swards. Established mesocosms containing ryegrass and/or white clover were grown at two levels of soil nutrition. Mesocosms were exposed in three (replicate)...
0
606,643
A novel approach to evaluation of adsorbents for sampling indoor volatile organic compounds associated with symptom reports
Glas, B; Stenberg, B; Stenlund, H; Sunesson, AL
2,008
This article addresses problems that complicate attempts to compare methods when several factors may be associated with an effect, but it is not known which factors are relevant. Chemicals that may contribute to 'sick building syndrome' ( SBS), and thus should be sampled in investigations of SBS, are not currently know...
0
191,389
Evaluation of physiological and biochemical responses of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to ambient air pollution using open top chambers at a rural site in India
Rai, R; Agrawal, M
2,008
Air pollutant concentrations are rising in India, causing potential threats to crop production. As air pollutants are known to interfere with physiological processes, this study was conducted to assess the relative responses of physiological and biochemical characteristics of two cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ...
0
710,790
An evaluation of interagency monitoring of protected visual environments (IMPROVE) collocated precision and uncertainty estimates
Hyslop, N; White, W
2,008
The Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) program is a cooperative measurement effort in the United States designed to characterize current visibility and aerosol conditions in scenic areas (primarily National Parks and Forests) and to identify chemical species and emission sources responsib...
0
668,894
Global increases in ultraviolet B radiation: Potential impacts on amphibian development and metamorphosis
Croteau, MC; Davidson, MA; Lean, DRS; Trudeau, VL
2,008
Levels of ultraviolet B radiation (UVBR) reaching the Earth's surface have increased since the 1970s as a result of stratospheric ozone depletion caused by the emission of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) such as chlorofluorocarbons. Despite international agreements to phase out harmful ODSs, these substances are pers...
1
191,527
Moving toward effective ozone flux assessment
Paoletti, E; Ranieri, A; Lauteri, M
2,008
We present a comment about "Ozone risk assessment for plants: central role of metabolism-dependent changes in reducing power" by Dizengremel, Le Thiec, Bagard, and Jolivet. As tools for summarizing plant 03 sensitivity in simple indices, Dizengremel et al. suggest: reducing power, as antioxidant regeneration through th...
0
190,263
Respiratory Illness and Environmental Pollution
Ghosh, G; Manglik, AK
2,008
Environmental pollution presently impedes the development of worlds economy and threatens human health. Persons of all ages are affected but children in their developmental period are more vulnerable. The unique biologic characteristics and behaviours of children make them vulnerable to environmental toxicants. Several...
0
195,856
Ambient ozone concentration and hospital admissions due to childhood respiratory diseases in New York State, 1991-2001
Lin, S; Bell, EM; Liu, W; Walker, RJ; Kim, NK; Hwang, SA
2,008
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Respiratory diseases constitute one of the leading causes of ill health among children in New York State (NYS). The current project, a component of the NYS Environmental Public Health Tracking Program, investigated a potential association between ambient ozone (O(3)) concentration and childhoo...
1
196,699
The influence of ozone on self-evaluation of symptoms in a simulated aircraft cabin
Strom-Tejsen, P; Weschler, CJ; Wargocki, P; Myskow, D; Zarzycka, J
2,008
Simulated 4-h flights were carried out in a realistic model of a three-row, 21-seat section of an aircraft cabin that was reconstructed inside a climate chamber. Twenty-nine female subjects, age 19-27 years, were split into two groups; each group was exposed to four conditions: two levels of ozone (<2 and 60-80 p.p.b.)...
0
191,629
Quantification of mRNAs and housekeeping gene selection for quantitative real-time RT-PCR normalization in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) during abiotic and biotic stress
Olbrich, M; Gerstner, E; Welzl, G; Fleischmann, F; Osswald, W; Bahnweg, G; Ernst, D
2,008
Analyses of different plant stressors are often based oil gene expression studies. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) is the most sensitive method for the detection of low abundance transcripts. However, a critical point to note is the selection of housekeeping genes as all internal control. Many so-called houseke...
0
497,179
Associations between environmental exposures and serum concentrations of Clara cell protein among elderly men in Oslo, Norway
Madsen, C; Durand, KL; Nafstad, P; Schwarze, PE; R?nningen, KS; H?heim, LL
2,008
Cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality is associated with several environmental exposures. Mechanistically, pathophysiological changes in the cardiopulmonary system may lead to the induction of inflammatory responses. In the present study we explored associations between environmental exposures and serum concentratio...
0
684,051
National ambient air quality standards for ozone
null
2,008
Based on its review of the air quality criteria for ozone (O 3) and related photochemical oxidants and national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for O 3, EPA is making revisions to the primary and secondary NAAQS for O 3 to provide requisite protection of public health and welfare, respectively. With regard to the...
0
351,466
Characterization of suspended solids and particle-bound heavy metals in a first flush of highway runoff
Nie, FH; Li, T; Yao, HF; Feng, M; Zhang, GK
2,008
To investigate the dynamic characteristics of total suspended solids (TSS) and their particle-bound heavy metals in a first flush, the runoff sampling together with its flow rate measuring was conducted for three rainfall events at outfalls of highway in Shanghai from June to September 2007. Field samples were analyzed...
0
595,173
The equivalence of diffusive samplers to reference methods for monitoring O3, benzene and NO2 in ambient air
Buzica, D; Gerboles, M; Plaisance, H
2,008
A study of the equivalence to the reference methods of the Radiello samplers for ozone (O(3)) and benzene as well as the membrane-closed Palmes tube (MCPT) for nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) is presented. These samplers benefit from new model equations capable of estimating their uptake rate. For O(3), the aim here was to de...
1
191,443
How do elevated CO2 and O-3 affect the interception and utilization of radiation by a soybean canopy?
Dermody, O; Long, SP; Mcconnaughay, K; Delucia, EH
2,008
Net productivity of vegetation is determined by the product of the efficiencies with which it intercepts light (epsilon(i)) and converts that intercepted energy into biomass (epsilon(c)). Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) increases photosynthesis and leaf area index (LAI) of soybeans and thus may increase epsilon(i) and ep...
0
597,547
Acute airway effects of ozone-initiated d-limonene chemistry: Importance of gaseous products
Wolkoff, P; Clausen, PA; Larsen, K; Hammer, M; Larsen, ST; Nielsen, GD
2,008
There are concerns about ozone-initiated chemistry, because the formation of gaseous oxidation products and ultrafine particles may increase complaints, morbidity and mortality. Here we address the question whether the gaseous products or the ultrafine particles from the ozone-initiated chemistry of limonene, a common ...
0