REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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76,003 | Nongenotoxic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their ozonation by-products on the intercellular communication of rat liver epithelial cells | Upham, BL; Masten, SJ; Lockwood, BR; Trosko, JE | 1,994 | Since polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to have epigenetic effects, we evaluated the effect of the parent chemical and the ozonated products on in vitro cell to cell communication bioassays which measures a nongenotoxic event. The scrape loading/dye transfer (SL/DT) technique was used to determine the e... | 0 |
6,709 | Physiologically based assessment of human exposure to urban air pollutants and its significance for public health risk evaluation | Vostal, JJ | 1,994 | Exact measurements or modeling of human exposures to environmental pollutants are of crucial importance for a realistic evaluation of public health risks. Current concepts, however, often use assumptions that result in overly conservative assessments of public health risks. Too frequently the dose of the pollutant reta... | 0 |
75,946 | Collagen mRNA content and distribution in the lungs of rats exposed to ozone | Armstrong, LC; Watkins, K; Pinkerton, KE; Last, JA | 1,994 | cDNAs, synthesized by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, were used to quantify mRNA concentrations for the alpha 1 (I) and alpha 1 (III) chains of collagen types I and III and for beta-actin in the lungs of rats exposed to either filtered air or to 1.2 ppm of ozone. The alpha 1 (I) procollagen mRNA concentr... | 0 |
47,722 | Cross-tropopause mass exchange and potential vorticity budget in a simulated tropopause folding | Lamarque, JF; Hess, PG | 1,994 | To study stratosphere-troposphere exchange, an approach based on the nonconservation of potential vorticity (PV) is developed; this approach arises naturally if one defines the tropopause in terms of PV. The evolution of a tropopause fold simulated by a mesoscale model is studied, as well as the evolution of PV at the ... | 0 |
86,627 | Seasonal patterns of light-saturated photosynthesis and leaf conductance for mature and seedling Quercus rubra L foliage: differential sensitivity to ozone exposure | Hanson, PJ; Samuelson, LJ; Wullschleger, SD; Tabberer, TA; Edwards, GS | 1,994 | Extrapolation of the effects of ozone on seedlings to large trees and forest stands is a common objective of current assessment activities, but few studies have examined whether seedlings are useful surrogates for understanding how mature trees respond to ozone. This two-year study utilized a replicated open-top chambe... | 0 |
86,747 | Foliar ozone injury and radial growth of ponderosa pine | Temple, PJ; Miller, PR | 1,994 | Foliar injury symptoms and stem diameter growth were measured on well-watered and drought-stressed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings at the end of each of 3 years of exposure to three levels of ozone: charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air, and nonfiltered air plus 1.5 times ambient ozone. Ozon... | 0 |
77,107 | Clearing the air--how filtration experiments have demonstrated the hidden effects of air pollution on vegetation | Ashmore, MR; Bell, JNB | 1,994 | null | 0 |
76,132 | Recovery of airway structure and function after hyperoxic exposure in immature rats | Hershenson, MB; Abe, MK; Kelleher, MD; Naureckas, ET; Garland, A; Zimmermann, A; Rubinstein, VJ; Solway, J | 1,994 | We have previously demonstrated that hyperoxic exposure (> 95% O2 for 8 d) induces airway cholinergic hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in 21-d-old rats. To examine the potential relationship between airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in these animals, we exposed rats to air or hyperoxia for 8 d, returned th... | 0 |
80,824 | Lung structure and function in cigarette smokers | Hogg, JC; Wright, JL; Wiggs, BR; Coxson, HO; Saez, AO; Pare, PD | 1,994 | Background - Cigarette smoking produces an inflammatory response in the airways of everyone but only 15-20% of smokers develop airways obstruction. The present study concerns the relative of peripheral airways and the emphysematous destruction of the parenchymal support of the airways in the pathogenesis of this obstru... | 0 |
75,949 | Air pollution and asthma | Barnes, PJ | 1,994 | Air pollution, in particular that generated by road traffic, is a matter of rising public concern and has been implicated in the worsening of asthma. In this article, the evidence that air pollutants (particularly sulphur dioxide, ozone and nitrogen dioxide) can affect the airways of asthmatic patients is reviewed, and... | 0 |
78,495 | Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Lungenfundtion von Waldarbeitern an Tagen mit niedrigen und erhohten Ozon-konzentrationen [Comparative measurements of the pulmonary function of forestry workers on days with low and elevated ozone concentrations] | Hoppe, P; Lindner, J; Praml, G; Edrich, F | 1,994 | Summary: As part of a study on the effects of ozone, pulmonary function parameters (measured with a bodyplethysmograph, including bronchial hypersensitvity tests)and subjective votes on complaints and irritations were taken from 41 forestry workers on site, where also the concentrations of ozone and other important po... | 0 |
22,067 | Effects of parental smoking on respiratory health in Dutch primary school children | Cuijpers, CEJ; Swaen, GMH; Wesseling, GJ; Kessels, F; Sturmans, F; Wouters, EFM | 1,994 | null | 0 |
88,900 | Critical loads and development of acid rain control options | Ellis, H; Bowman, M | 1,994 | The present paper describes the result of a demonstration project in which optimization models were used to identify efficient and equitable SO2 control strategies that satisfy environmental quality standards at sensitive receptor locations in Maryland. Notable in the modeling is the use of location-specific critical-l... | 0 |
94,365 | The impact of global warming on agriculture: A Ricardian analysis | Mendelsohn, R; Nordhaus, W; Shaw, D | 1,994 | We measure the economic impact of climate on land prices. Using cross-sectional data on climate, farmland prices, and other economic and geophysical data for almost 3,000 counties in the United States, we find that higher temperatures in all seasons except autumn reduce average farm values, while more precipitation out... | 0 |
26,513 | Time course of oxidant stress biomarkers in flag leaves of wheat exposed to ozone and drought stress | Fangmeier, A; Brunschon, S; Jager, HJ | 1,994 | Protein content, catalase activity (CAT), non-specific peroxidase activity (POD), ascorbic acid content (AsA) and malondialdehyde content (MDA) were estimated in flag leaves of spring wheat exposed to ozone and drought stress in open-top chambers. Four harvests were carried out at different developmental stages to esti... | 0 |
75,994 | Destruction of human tear proteins by ozone | Schmut, O; Gruber, E; El-Shabrawi, Y; Faulborn, J | 1,994 | null | 0 |
29,712 | The protective effect of rust infection against ozone, sulphur dioxide and paraquat toxicity symptoms in broad bean | Lorenzini, G; Medeghini Bonatti, P; Nali, C; Baroni Fornasiero, R | 1,994 | A localized but highly protective effect of rust infection towards injury induced by the air pollutants ozone and sulphur dioxide, either alone or in mixture and the herbicide paraquat was found. The effect was proportional to inoculum density, was non-translocatable, and dependent on temperature. Protection continued ... | 0 |
28,118 | Single and interactive effects of O3 and SO2 on tomato | Khan, MR; Khan, MW | 1,994 | The stomata are main portals for the diffusion of gaseous pollutants into leaf tissue. We hypothesize that the open-closing response of stomata to gases may determine sensitivity of plants to pollutant(s) and that stomata would open wider in pollutant-injured plants. We also hypothesize that the nature of the interacti... | 0 |
21,418 | Quantitative pathology of nasal passages in rats exposed to urban levels of air pollution | Lemos, M; Lichtenfels, AJFC; Amaro, E, Jr; Macchione, M; Martins, MA; King, M; Bohm, GM; Saldiva, PHN | 1,994 | In order to assess the adverse effects of urban levels of air pollution, rats were used as biological indicators in a chronic exposure experiment. Animals were housed for 6 months in the center of Sao Paulo (the largest South American town) and compared to controls kept for the same period in a clean area. Pollution le... | 0 |
42,638 | Changes in gas-exchange characteristics during the life-span of giant sequoia: implications for response to current and future concentrations of atmospheric ozone | Grulke, NE; Miller, PR | 1,994 | Native stands of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum Bucholz) are being exposed to relatively high concentrations of atmospheric ozone produced in urban and agricultural areas upwind. The expected change in environmental conditions over the next 100 years is likely to be unprecedented in the life span (about 2,500 ... | 0 |
75,947 | Prevalence of asthma and wheeze in the highlands of Scotland | Austin, JB; Russell, G; Adam, MG; Mackintosh, D; Kelsey, S; Peck, DF | 1,994 | To establish the prevalence of asthma and wheeze in 12 year old children in a region with low background pollution levels, a population of children resident in the Highland Region of Scotland was studied by questionnaire supported by objective data.
<br>
<br>A respiratory questionnaire was distributed to the parents of... | 0 |
57,727 | Observed and predicted minimal erythema doses: a comparative study | Diffey, BL | 1,994 | This study compared how well minimal erythema doses predicted using the reference action spectrum for UV erythema proposed by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1987 agreed with those observed in phototesting a large number of subjects with normal responses to sunlight to six different wavelengths of... | 0 |
664,412 | Toxicity of solvents | Hume, AS; Ho, IK | 1,994 | null | 0 |
55,538 | An open-air system for exposing forest-canopy branches to ozone pollution | Tjoelker, MG; Volin, JC; Oleksyn, J; Reich, PB | 1,994 | ABSTRACT We developed a chamberless system to expose branches to elevated concentrations of ozone with little alteration of micro-meteorological conditions. In a 35-year-old stand of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), scaffolding and a platform (14m in height) provided access to 10 branches and ten paired controls w... | 0 |
38,957 | One-minute ozone exposure sequences for selected New York cohorts [letter to Dr John Overton, US EPA] | Johnson, TR | 1,994 | null | 0 |
791 | Urban ozone air quality impact of emissions from vehicles using reformulated gasolines and M85 | Chock, DP; Winkler, SL; Chang, TY; Rudy, SJ; Shen, ZK | 1,994 | The urban ozone air quality impact of exhaust emissions from vehicles using reformulated gasolines and flexible/variable-fuel vehicles using M85 has been studied using emissions data from the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program and a single-cell trajectory air quality model with two different chemical mec... | 0 |
93,607 | Nutritional response of loblolly pine exposed to ozone and simulated acid rain | Baker, TR; Allen, HL; Schoeneberger, MM; Kress, LW | 1,994 | The effects of ozone and simulated acid rain on the aboveground nutrient composition of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were studied in a 2-year open-top chamber experiment in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Multivariate analysis of variance tests indicated significant ozone response in the 2nd year but no sig... | 0 |
76,063 | Limited effects of ozone exposure during pregnancy on physical and neurobehavioral development of CD-1 mice | Bignami, G; Musi, B; Dell'Omo, G; Laviola, G; Alleva, E | 1,994 | Only a few studies have attempted to assess in laboratory rodents the maternal toxicity and behavioral changes in offspring caused by prenatal exposure to ozone (O3). In particular, no data are available concerning the behavioral development of mouse offspring after maternal exposure, despite the fact that increasing u... | 1 |
77,432 | Studies on the biological effects of ozone 6 Production of transforming growth factor 1 by human blood after ozone treatment | Bocci, V; Luzzi, E; Corradeschi, F; Silvestri, S | 1,994 | null | 0 |
76,109 | Ozone-induced proliferative and metaplastic lesions in nasal transitional and respiratory epithelium: comparative pathology | Harkema, JR; Hotchkiss, JA | 1,994 | null | 0 |
7,184 | Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences | Oreskes, N; Shrader-Frechette, K; Belitz, K | 1,994 | Verification and validation of numerical models of natural systems is impossible. This is because natural systems are never closed and because model results are always nonunique. Models can be confirmed by the demonstration of agreement between observation and prediction, but confirmation is inherently partial. Complet... | 0 |
76,200 | Cyclic GMP formation in rat cerebellar slices is stimulated by endothelins via nitric oxide formation and by sarafotoxins via formation of carbon monoxide | Shraga-Levine, Z; Galron, R; Sokolovsky, M | 1,994 | Involvement of a cyclic GMP pathway in signal transduction stimulated by endothelins (ETs) and sarafotoxins (SRTXs) was explored using rat cerebellar slices. These peptides activated the same receptor binding sites (ET-1 and SRTX-b at the picomolar sites; ET-3 and SRTX-c at the nanomolar sites) to produce cyclic GMP, b... | 0 |
83,759 | Effect of domestic concentrations of nitrogen dioxide on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic patients | Tunnicliffe, WS; Burge, PS; Ayres, JG | 1,994 | Nitrogen dioxide is a common indoor pollutant. In the light of suggestions that outdoor air pollution can harm people with asthma, we investigated the effect of 1 h exposures to domestic concentrations of nitrogen dioxide on the airway response to house-dust mite (HDM) allergen in ten patients with mild asthma. Each su... | 0 |
41,323 | Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: Effects of respiratory flow | Hu, SC; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS | 1,994 | In our previous work, we developed a bolus inhalation aaratus and measured the longitudinal distribution of ozone (O-3) uptake in intact human lungs at a quiet respiratory flow of 250 ml/min. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of alternative respiratory flows between 150 and 1,000 ml/s. Upta... | 1 |
44,181 | Ozone injury to alveolar epithelium in vitro does not reflect loss of antioxidant defenses | Cheek, JM; Buckpitt, AR; Li, C; Tarkington, BK; Plopper, CG | 1,994 | null | 0 |
38,738 | Recent advances in the design of NO2 photolytic convertors | Bradshaw, J; Smyth, S; Bai, R; Sandholm, S | 1,994 | null | 0 |
51,269 | Mixing processes within the polar night jet | Pierce, RB; Fairlie, TD; Grose, WL; Swinbank, R; O'Neill, A | 1,994 | ABSTRACT Lagrangian material line simulations are performed using U.K. Meteorological Office assimilated winds and temperatures to examine mixing processes in the middle- and lower-stratospheric polar night jet during the 1992 Southern Hemisphere spring and Northern Hemisphere winter. The Lagrangian simulations are und... | 0 |
47,676 | Growth of continental-scale metro-agro-plexes, regional ozone pollution, and world food production | Chameides, WL; Kasibhatla, PS; Yienger, J; Levy H, II | 1,994 | SUMMARY Three regions of the northern mid-latitudes, the continental-scale metro-agro-plexes, presently dominate global industrial and agricultural productivity. Although these regions cover only 23 percent of the Earth's continents, they account for most of the world's commercial energy consumption, fertilizer use, f... | 0 |
52,944 | Effects of ozone exposures on epicuticular wax of ponderosa pine needles | Bytnerowicz, A; Turunen, M | 1,994 | Two-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa L.) seedlings were exposed during the 1989 and1990 growing seasons to ozone in open-top chambers placed in a forested location at Shirley Meadow, Greenhorn Mountain Range, Sierra Nevada. The ozone treatments were as follows: charcoal-filtered air (CF); charcoal-filtered air ... | 0 |
76,195 | Cell proliferation in the respiratory tract of hamsters continuously exposed during 4 weeks to 0.8 ppm ozone | Rajini, P; Fritcher, D; Witschi, H | 1,994 | Male Syrian golden hamsters were exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone, 24 h/day for 4 wk. Cumulative labeling indices were measured during each week of exposure in the lung, the intrapulmonary airways, the trachea, and the nasal passages. In the alveolar zone, ozone did nor affect labeling indices beyond the centriacinar region. I... | 0 |
44,237 | In vitro exposure of tracheobronchial epithelial cells and of tracheal explants to ozone | Tarkington, BK; Wu, R; Sun, WM; Nikula, KJ; Wilson, DW; Last, JA | 1,994 | null | 0 |
75,969 | Sleep alterations and brain regional changes of serotonin and its metabolite in rats exposed to ozone | Huitron-Resendiz, S; Custodio-Ramirez, V; Escalante-Membrillo, C; Gonzalez-Pina, R; Paz, C | 1,994 | Sleep alterations and brain regional changes of serotonin were studied in rats exposed to 1.5 ppm of ozone (O3). Results showed a significant decrease in the time spent in wakefulness (W) and paradoxical sleep (PS) and a significant increase in the time spent in slow wave sleep (SWS). Neurochemical analysis showed a si... | 0 |
28,857 | Epithelial and interstitial changes within the ventilatory unit of the rat after 90 days of exposure to 012 and 020 ppm ozone | Pinkerton, KE; Wensky, AK; Truong, U; Last, JA | 1,994 | null | 0 |
75,987 | Mechanisms of radical formation from reactions of ozone with target molecules in the lung | Pryor, WA | 1,994 | Ozone is known to cause radicals to be formed in biological systems: for example, it initiates lipid peroxidation and vitamin E protects in vitro model systems, cells, and animals against the effects of ozone. Ozone is not itself a radical, and we have asked: With what molecules does ozone react in the lung and how are... | 1 |
75,959 | Environment and development of respiratory allergy: I Outdoors | D'Amato, G; Liccardi, G; Cazzola, M | 1,994 | Respiratory allergic diseases appear to be increasing in most countries. In particular, asthma morbidity and mortality have been reported to be increasing despite the availability of effective asthma medications. It has been also observed that subjects living in urban and industrialized areas are more likely to have re... | 0 |
6,414 | Cell number and distribution in human and rat airways | Mercer, RR; Russell, ML; Roggli, VL; Crapo, JD | 1,994 | Morphometric procedures were used to determine the number of cells, cell volume, cell diameter, and surface areas of the airways in human and rat lungs. Nuclear sizes of epithelial cells from human bronchi were significantly larger than other lung cell nuclei. The average volume of human ciliated cell nuclei was 310 ? ... | 0 |
40,814 | Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: collaborative studies Part IV Effects on expression of extracellular matrix genes | Parks, WC; Roby, JD | 1,994 | Increased deposition of lung extracellular matrix in terminal airways is associated with chronic ozone exposure. In situ hybridization was used to assess whether long-term ozone exposure causes elevated and continued expression of genes coding for connective tissue proteins. Accessory lobes were removed from the animal... | 0 |
45,150 | Indoor air pollution and asthma: results from a panel study | Ostro, BD; Lipsett, MJ; Mann, JK; Wiener, MB; Selner, J | 1,994 | Although there is abundant clinical evidence of asthmatic responses to indoor aeroallergens, the symptomatic impacts of other common indoor air pollutants from gas stoves, fireplaces, and environmental tobacco smoke have been less well characterized. These combustion sources produce a complex mixture of pollutants, man... | 0 |
644,639 | Accuracy of mini peak flow meters in indicating changes in lung function in children with asthma | Sly, PD; Cahill, P; Willet, K; Burton, P | 1,994 | OBJECTIVE--To assess whether mini flow meters used to measure peak expiratory flow can track changes in lung function and indicate clinically important changes. DESIGN--Comparison of measurements with a spirometer and different brands of mini flow meter; the meters were allocated to subjects haphazardly. SUBJECTS--12 b... | 0 |
38,780 | Response of plants to interacting stresses (ROPIS): program rationale, design, and implications | Goldstein, R; Ferson, S | 1,994 | The Response of Plants to Interacting Stresses (ROPIS) program was designed to provide a mechanistic framework for analysis and prediction of the effects of air pollution (i.e., tropospheric ozone, acidic precipitation) and other environmental stresses on plants. Focusing on regionally important tree species, the progr... | 0 |
36,173 | Calculations of the impact of tropospheric ozone changes on UV-B flux and potential skin cancers [draft memorandum] | Cupitt, LT | 1,994 | N/A. | 0 |
52,818 | Ozone effects on gene expression and molecular approaches to breeding for air pollution resistance | Harris, MJ; Bailey-Serres, JN | 1,994 | INTRODUCTION Losses in plant productivity attributable to air pollution injury constitute an increasingly serious problem throughout the world. Of the many anthropogenic pollutants found in the troposphere, photochemically-produced ozone is the most wid | 0 |
43,911 | The effect of pre-exposure to 012 ppm of ozone on exercise-induced asthma | Fernandes, ALG; Molfino, NA; Mcclean, PA; Silverman, F; Tarlo, S; Raizenne, M; Slutsky, AS; Zamel, N | 1,994 | Ozone (O3) is a common air pollutant that has been associated with a dose-dependent increased bronchial responsiveness and airway inflammation. Previous investigations have shown increased airway responsiveness to allergens in asthmatics pre-exposed to 0.12 ppm of O3 for 1 h. In the present study, we investigated wheth... | 0 |
52,759 | Involvement of oxidative processes in the signaling mechanisms leading to the activation of glyceollin synthesis in soybean (Glycine max) | Degousee, N; Triantaphylides, C; Montillet, JL | 1,994 | The efficiency of hydroperoxides (tert-butyl hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide) and sulfhydryl reagents (iodoacetamide, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid) as glyceollin elicitors was examined in relation to sulfhydryl oxidation, or alteration, and to lipid peroxidation, in 3-d-old soybean hypocotyl/radicle, Glycine m... | 0 |
75,965 | Forest declines: some perspectives on linking processes and patterns | McLaughlin, SB | 1,994 | null | 0 |
76,210 | Development of tolerance against ozone effects on drinking and eating behaviors in rats by intermittent exposures | Umezu, T; Miura, T; Tsubone, H | 1,994 | This study examined the effects of intermittent exposures to 0.4-0.8 ppm ozone (O3) on drinking and eating behaviors in rats to evaluate the development of tolerance to O3 exposure. When rats were exposed to 0.4 ppm (787 mug/m3) O3 for 23 h the first time, the drinking activity was reduced to 29% of the control value a... | 0 |
53,824 | An estimate of the flux of stratospheric reactive nitrogen and ozone into the troposphere | Murphy, DM; Fahey, DW | 1,994 | The globally averaged net downward annual fluxes of reactive nitrogen (NOy) and O3 from the stratosphere are estimated using observed correlations of N2O with NOy and O3. The linearity of the observed correlations in the lower stratosphere allows the downward fluxes of NOy and O3 to be related to the upward flux of N2O... | 0 |
80,047 | Inhibition of apoplastic and symplastic peroxidase activity from Norway spruce by the photooxidant hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide | Polle, A; Junkermann, W | 1,994 | Young, clonal Norway spruce trees (Picea abies L.) were exposed for 2 years at high altitudes to ambient atmospheric concentrations of photooxidants containing hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HMHP) as an important constituent. In spruce needles from a site with higher concentrations of organic peroxides in air, the apopla... | 0 |
38,708 | Numerical advective schemes used in air quality models - sequential and parallel implementation | Dabdub, D; Seinfeld, JH | 1,994 | null | 0 |
75,993 | The role of airway mucus in pulmonary toxicology | Samet, JM; Cheng, PW | 1,994 | Airway mucus is a complex airway secretion whose primary function as part of the mucociliary transport mechanism is to to serve as renewable and transportable barrier against inhaled particulates and toxic agents. The rheologic properties necessary for this function are imparted by glycoproteins, or mucins. Some respir... | 0 |
79,692 | Computer model predictions of the local effects of large, solid-fuel rocket motors on stratospheric ozone | Zittel, PF | 1,994 | null | 0 |
21,676 | Sources of organic acids in indoor air: A field study | Zhang, J; Wilson, WE; Lioy, PJ | 1,994 | Simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurements of organic acids were made at six residential houses located in a suburban New Jersey area during the summer of 1992. Each house was measured for six days and controlled for ventilation and gas combustion conditions. The study presents the first set of simultaneous measureme... | 0 |
92,499 | The effects of SO2 and NH3 on the atmospheric corrosion of galvanized iron sheet | Dehri, I; Yazici, B; Erbil, M; Galip, H | 1,994 | The corrosive effects of SO2 and NH3 gases on zinc and galvanized iron sheet have been investigated. For this purpose, analytical and electrochemical methods were used in laboratory conditions with varying relative humidity values (70-100%). Electrochemically, the anodic current-potential curves of zinc have been obtai... | 0 |
45,153 | The relationship of urgent hospital admissions for respiratory illnesses to photochemical air pollution levels in Montreal | Delfino, RJ; Becklake, MR; Hanley, JA | 1,994 | The relationship between the number of daily urgent hospital admissions for respiratory illnesses (31 hospitals) and ambient air pollution in Montreal, Canada, was investigated for warm periods between 1984 and 1988. Air pollutants included 1-hr and 8-hr maximum ozone, estimated particulate matter < or = 10 microns ... | 0 |
26,494 | Biochemical responses to ozone IV Cross-induction of defensive pathways in parsley (Petroselinum crispum L) plants | Eckey-Kaltenbach, H; Ernst, D; Heller, W; Sandermann, H, Jr | 1,994 | Parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) is known to respond to ultraviolet irradiation by the synthesis of flavone glycosides, whereas fungal or elicitor stress leads to the synthesis of furanocoumarin phytoalexins. We tested how these defensive pathways are affected by a single ozone treatment (200 nL L-1; 10 h). Assays wer... | 0 |
75,952 | Alteration of ozone-induced airway permeability by oxygen metabolites and antioxidants | Bhalla, DK | 1,994 | null | 0 |
44,179 | Ozonation of DNA forms adducts: a 32P-DNA labeling and thin-layer chromatography technique to measure DNA environmental biomarkers | Cajigas, A; Gayer, M; Beam, C; Steinberg, JJ | 1,994 | null | 0 |
38,669 | Total reactive nitrogen (NOy) as an indicator of the sensitivity of ozone to reductions in hydrocarbon and NOx emissions | Milford, JB; Gao, D; Sillman, S; Blossey, P; Russell, AG | 1,994 | For areas in the United States not meeting the federal air quality standard for ozone, an issue of continuing controversy is the emphasis to be placed on controlling nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) in addition to emissions of reactive organic gases (ROG). To assess conditions under which ROG or NO(x) controls would be most eff... | 1 |
45,152 | Estimation of unmeasured particulate air pollution data for an epidemiological study of daily respiratory morbidity | Delfino, RJ; Becklake, MR; Hanley, JA; Singh, B | 1,994 | The standard approach to government-mandated aerometric monitoring of airborne particulates across North America is to sample every sixth day year round. However, such data are inadequate for epidemiological studies which aim to examine daily time series relationships of particulate air pollution to respiratory health ... | 0 |
36,391 | Elevated levels of superoxide dismutase protect transgenic plants against ozone damage | Van Camp, W; Willekens, H; Bowler, C; Van Montagu, M; Inze, D; Reupold-Popp, P; Sandermann, H, Jr; Langebartels, C | 1,994 | #To evaluate the feasibility of using engineered antioxidant enzymes as an approach to improve the tolerance of plants to ambient stress, we have constructed transgenic tobacco plants that overproduce superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme which converts superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, and is beli... | 0 |
21,678 | The relationship between airborne acidity and ammonia in indoor environments | Suh, HH; Koutrakis, P; Spengler, JD | 1,994 | Indoor acid aerosol, nitric acid (HNO3), and ammonia (NH3) concentrations were measured in 47 homes in State College, Pennsylvania, during the summer of 1991. From each home, 12-hour indoor, 12- and 24-hour outdoor, and 12-hour air exchange samples were collected continuously over a 5-day period. Additionally, question... | 0 |
76,164 | Oxidation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) by ozone and combined ozone/hydrogen peroxide | Karpel Vel Leitner, N; Papailhou, AL; Croue, JP; Peyrot, J; Dore, M | 1,994 | Abstract The aim of this work was to study the reaction of ozone and combined ozone/hydrogen peroxide on oxygenated additives such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) in dilute aqueous solution using controlled experimental conditions. Experiments conducted in a semi-continuous reactor... | 0 |
44,247 | Description of acute ozone response as a function of exposure rate and total inhaled dose | Mcdonnell, WF; Smith, MV | 1,994 | The magnitude of respiratory responses to short-term ozone exposure is known to be a function of the exposure variables concentration (C), duration of exposure (T), and minute ventilation ( ovrhdot VE) during exposure. The purpose of this study was to identify a mathematical model that described ozone-induced mean decr... | 0 |
55,068 | Fast two-stream method for computing diurnal-mean actinic flux in vertically inhomogeneous atmospheres | Filyushkin, VV; Madronich, S; Brasseur, GP; Petropavlovskikh, IV | 1,994 | Based on a derivation of the two-stream daytime-mean equations of radiative flux transfer, a method for computing the daytime-mean actinic fluxes in the absorbing and scattering vertically inhomogeneous atmosphere is suggested. The method applies direct daytime integration of the particular solutions of the two-stream ... | 0 |
21,612 | Seasonal and yearly patterns of indoor nitrogen dioxide levels: data from Albuquerque, New Mexico | Schwab, M; McDermott, A; Spengler, JD; Samet, JM; Lambert, WE | 1,994 | There are few data sets appropriate for characterizing the indoor concentrations of air pollutants over the long term. An understanding of the variability in indoor pollutant levels is particularly relevant to the design of epidemiologic investigations: mis-classification of exposure due to the inaccuracy of exposure e... | 0 |
44,023 | Impact of seasonal ozone exposure on yield and vegetative growth of primocane-fruiting raspberry | Sullivan, JA; Hale, BA; Ormrod, DP | 1,994 | #Factorial experiments in two growing seasons in open-top field chambers with two or three O(3) concentrations and two primocane-fruiting raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars were used to obtain dose-response relationships describing the effects of seasonal O(3) exposure on raspberry plant vegetative and reproductive ... | 0 |
53,184 | Seasonal changes in water use of ash trees exposed to ozone episodes | Wiltshire, JJJ; Unsworth, MH; Wright, CJ | 1,994 | Young ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior L.) growing in the field were exposed to episodes of 150 nl l-1 ozone, or to clean air, in open-top chambers at the University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, UK, in the summer of 1992. The episodes were for 8 h daily and for 1-4 d in succession, with a seasonal total of 27 d... | 0 |
76,486 | Does analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid provide a tool to monitor disease progression or to predict survival in patients with HIV-1 infection? | Agostini, C; Semenzato, G | 1,994 | Grants from Ministero della Sanita; Instituto Superiore della Sanita; Progetto AIDS, 1994. | 0 |
75,963 | Ozone-induced loss of neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor function is prevented by cyclophosphamide | Gambone, LM; Elbon, CL; Fryer, AD | 1,994 | null | 0 |
46,815 | Acid rain and soils of the Adirondacks III Rates of soil acidification in a montane spruce-fir forest at Whiteface Mountain, New York | Johnson, AH; Friedland, AJ; Miller, EK; Siccama, TG | 1,994 | To assess the impact of atmospheric deposition on soil acidification and base cation supplies in montane spruce-fir forest soils at Whiteface Mountain, New York, base cation and proton fluxes were determined for organic and mineral horizons from measurements made at four stands (1020-1090 m above sea level) over a 4-ye... | 0 |
91,640 | Atmospheric mercury deposition to lakes and watersheds: A quantitative reconstruction from multiple sediment cores | Engstrom, DR; Swain, EB; Henning, TA; Brigham, MA; Brezonik, PL | 1,994 | Historic increases in atmospheric mercury loadings caused by anthropogenic emissions are documented from sediment cores from seven remote headwater lakes in Minnesota and northern Wisconsin. Whole-basin changes in Hg accumulation, determined from lakewide arrays of(210)Pb-dated cores, show that regional atmospheric Hg ... | 0 |
78,492 | The assessment of worker exposure to ozone during manual and automatic spring water bottling | Lopez, L; Paulsen, L; Kilens, G | 1,994 | null | 0 |
40,397 | The FACE program | Hendrey, GR; Kimball, BA | 1,994 | A large, cooperative, integrated experimental program utilizing free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) is being conducted to expose plants to elevated concentrations of CO2. The goals are to evaluate the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 on plants and ecosystems and, in the long run, to contribute to the evaluation of terr... | 1 |
52,861 | Histochemical demonstration and localization of H2O2 in organs of higher plants by tissue printing on nitrocellulose paper | Schopfer, P | 1,994 | SUMMARY A sensitive tissue-print assay for the detection and histological localization of H2O2 in freshly cut organ sections was developed by impregnating nitrocellulose paper with a mixture of KI and soluble starch. H2O2 transferred from the cut surface of the section to the dried paper forms I2, which can be visual... | 0 |
77,110 | Ecological risk assessment | Lackey, RT | 1,994 | null | 0 |
78,484 | Effects of ozone inhalation on fibroblast activation in the lung: possible relationship to long-term fibrotic lung | Boushey, H; Fahy, J; Turck, C | 1,994 | null | 0 |
55,492 | Testing a mechanistic model of forest-canopy mass and energy exchange using eddy correlation: carbon dioxide and ozone uptake by a mixed oak-maple stand | Amthor, JS; Goulden, ML; Munger, JW; Wofsy, SC | 1,994 | A big-leaf model of C3-canopy mass and energy exchange was used to predict hourly CO2 and O3 uptake by a mixed deciduous Quercus-Acer (oak-maple) stand in central Massachusetts, USA. The model is based on canopy-radiation interactions, leaf mesophyll metabolism (photosynthetic electron transport, carboxylation and oxyg... | 0 |
44,397 | Surface complexed iron (Fe+3) on particles: its role in the induction of lung inflammation and hyperreactivity | Costa, DL; Tepper, JS; Lehmann, JR; Winsett, DW; Dreher, K; Ghio, AJ | 1,994 | null | 0 |
55,188 | Skin cancer and ultraviolet [comment on "Madronich, S; De Gruijl, F R (1993) Skin cancer and UV radition Nature (London, UK) 366: 23] | Kricker, A; Armstrong, BK; McMichael, AJ | 1,994 | null | 0 |
76,201 | Effect of inhaled budesonide on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchoalveolar lavage cells in dogs | Stevens, WHM; Adelroth, E; Wattie, J; Woolley, MJ; Ellis, R; Dahlback, M; O'Byrne, PM | 1,994 | Inhaled corticosteroids are known to reduce components of the airway inflammation characteristic of asthma and improve airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on ozone-induced airway responses is unknown. Eight dogs inhaled budesonide [2.74 +/- 0.25 (SE) mg/day] or lactose powder twic... | 0 |
78,518 | Ozone: causation and aggravation of lung diseases | Strom, J; Alfredsson, L; Malmfors, T; Selroos, O | 1,994 | null | 0 |
95,597 | Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: Comparison of nasal and oral quiet breathing | Kabel, JR; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS | 1,994 | Employing a bolus inhalation system, we noninvasively measured the fraction of inhaled ozone (O3) that is absorbed during a single breath (lambda) as a function of bolus penetration volume into the respiratory tract (Vp). During nasal breathing at a constant respiratory flow of 250 ml/s, lambda increased smoothly as Vp... | 1 |
38,682 | Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds | Carter, WPL | 1,994 | This paper discusses methods for ranking photochemical ozone formation reactivities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Photochemical mechanisms for the atmospheric reactions of 118 VOCs were used to calculate their effects on ozone formation under various NO(x) conditions in model scenarios representing 39 different... | 0 |
75,991 | Activation of phospholipase A2 in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine liposomes containing lipid ozonation products | Salgo, MG; Squadrito, GL; Pryor, WA | 1,994 | #The activation of phospholipase A-2 (PLA-2) by lipid ozonation products is reported. The principal products from the ozonation of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) are 1-palmitoyl-2-(8-(3(5-octyl-1,2,4-trioxolan-3-yl)octanoyl)--sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC-Criegee ozonide) and 1-palmitoyl-2-(9... | 0 |
38,195 | Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of ozone and ozone 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in Fischer-344/N rats | Boorman, GA; Hailey, R; Grumbein, S; Chou, BJ; Herbert, RA; Goehl, T; Mellick, PW; Roycroft, JH; Haseman, JK; Sills, R | 1,994 | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and potential carcinogenicity or cocarcinogenicity of ozone exposure in rats. Fischer-344/N (F-344/N) rats were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk, to 0, 0.12, 0.5,or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation for 2-yr and lifetime exposures. The cocarcinogenicity study included subcuta... | 0 |
55,081 | The interactive atmosphere: global atmospheric-biospheric chemistry | Prinn, RG | 1,994 | The global atmosphere is a chemically complex and dynamic system, interacting both internally, mostly within the troposphere and stratosphere, and with the oceans, land, and living organisms. Its composition is changing today, and has also changed markedly over the last 160 000 yr. Environmentally-significant chemical ... | 0 |
75,948 | Asthma and the atmosphere | Ayres, J | 1,994 | null | 0 |
52,165 | Origin of tropospheric NOx over subarctic eastern Canada in summer | Fan, SM; Jacob, DJ; Mauzerall, DL; Bradshaw, JD; Sandholm, ST; Blake, DR; Singh, HB; Talbot, RW; Gregory, GL; Sachse, GW | 1,994 | The origin of NO(x) in the summertime troposphere over subarctic eastern Canada is investigated by photochemical modeling of aircraft and ground-based measurements from the Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE 3B). It is found that decomposition of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) can account for most of the NO(x) observed... | 0 |
44,269 | Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone: an analysis of ozonesonde data | Logan, JA | 1,994 | I present an analysis of trends in ozone since about 1970 and discuss the quality of the ozonesonde data and inconsistencies among data records. In the troposphere there are significant spatial variations in the trends, with largest increases found over Europe (similar to 2% yr(-1) throughout the troposphere) and no lo... | 0 |
57,363 | Concentration function and coefficient of divergence for signed measures | Fortini, S; Ruggeri, F | 1,994 | null | 0 |
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